# Dictionary_data_final

word: OVEN
russian_word: печь
example: bake the dish in a preheated oven
definition: an enclosed compartment, usually part of a cooker, for cooking and heating food.
synonyms: stove|kitchen stove|microwave (oven)|(kitchen) range|roaster|kiln|tandoor|hangi|caboose
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌv(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈʌv(ə)n
origin:
Old English ofen, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch oven, German Ofen, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek ipnos .


word: OVER
russian_word: над
antonyms: under|below
synonyms: above|on top of|higher than|higher up than|atop
part_of_speech: preposition|adverb|noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvə
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvə
example:
I saw flames over Berlin|his flat was over the shop|over 40 degrees C|she trudged over the lawn|you've given us a lot of heartache over the years|a voice came over the loudspeaker|a long and heated debate over unemployment

definition:
extending directly upwards from.|at a higher level or layer than.|higher or more than (a specified number or quantity).|expressing passage or trajectory across.|expressing duration.|expressing the medium by which something is done; by means of.|on the subject of.

origin:
Old English ofer, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch over and German über, from an Indo-European word (originally a comparative of the element represented by -ove in above ) which is also the base of Latin super and Greek huper .


word: OVERACT
russian_word: переигрывать
example: a weepy actress with a strong tendency to overact
definition: (of an actor or actress) act a role in an exaggerated manner.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvərˈakt
phonetics_text: əʊvərˈakt
synonyms:
exaggerate|overdo it|overplay it|ham it up|pile it on|lay it on thick|lay it on with a trowel|camp it up


word: OVERAGE
russian_word: избыток
example: the company will make its money from overages when the film does well enough
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊv(ə)rɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈəʊv(ə)rɪdʒ
definition:
an excess or surplus, especially the amount by which a sum of money is greater than a previous estimate.


word: OVERALL
russian_word: общий
example: the governors and head have overall responsibility for managing the school
definition: taking everything into account.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
synonyms:
all-inclusive|general|comprehensive|universal|all-embracing|gross|net|final|inclusive|master|ruling|sweeping|wholesale|complete|blanket|across the board|umbrella|global|worldwide|international|pandemic|nationwide|countrywide|coast-to-coast|company-wide


word: OVERAWE
russian_word: внушать благоговейный страх
example: the eleven-year-old was overawed by the atmosphere
definition: impress (someone) so much that they are silent or inhibited.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvərˈɔː
phonetics_text: əʊvərˈɔː
synonyms:
intimidate|daunt|cow|take someone's breath away|awe|disconcert|blind someone with something|unnerve|discourage|subdue|abash|dismay|frighten|alarm|scare|deter|terrify|terrorize|browbeat|bully|psych out|buffalo


word: OVERBAKE
russian_word: перепекать
definition: bake too much or for too long.|do (something) to excess; exaggerate.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈbeɪk
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈbeɪk
example:
take care not to overbake them; their centres should remain soft and chewy|are we in the national news media overbaking this thing just a bit?


word: OVERBALANCE
russian_word: перевес
example: he overbalanced and fell against the wall
definition: fall or cause to fall over from loss of balance.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əʊvəˈbal(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈbal(ə)ns
synonyms:
fall over|topple over|lose one's balance|lose one's footing|tip over|keel over|capsize|overturn|turn turtle|push over|upend|upset|cowp


word: OVERBEARING
russian_word: властный
example: an overbearing, ill-tempered brute
definition: unpleasantly overpowering.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈbɛərɪŋ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈbɛərɪŋ
synonyms:
domineering|dominating|autocratic|tyrannical|despotic|heavy-handed|oppressive|high-handed|bullying|high and mighty|lordly|lording it|officious|masterful|dictatorial|bossy|imperious|pontifical|pompous|peremptory|arrogant|cocksure|proud|overproud|overweening|presumptuous|opinionated|dogmatic|pushy|throwing one's weight about|throwing one's weight around|cocky


word: OVERBID
russian_word: превосходить
example: I'd once seen him blithely overbid for a tiny James I miniature portrait
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
(in an auction) make a higher bid than a previous bid.|(in competitive tendering, the auction at bridge, etc.) bid more than is warranted or manageable.


word: OVERBLOWN
russian_word: непомерно раздутый
example: his most rhetorically overblown screenplay|an overblown rose
antonyms: simple|plain
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈbləʊn
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈbləʊn
definition:
made to seem more impressive or important than is the case; exaggerated or pretentious.|(of a flower) past its prime.

synonyms:
overwritten|extravagant|florid|grandiose|pompous|over-elaborate|flowery|overwrought|overripe|pretentious|high-flown|turgid|bombastic|oratorical|grandiloquent|magniloquent|orotund|highfalutin|over the top|OTT|euphuistic|fustian|aureate|hyperventilated


word: OVERBUILD
russian_word: надстраивать
definition: put up too many buildings in (an area).|build on top of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈbɪld
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈbɪld
example:
investors overbuilt the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts|the Romans overbuilt the existing Greek city


word: OVERBUILDING
russian_word: достройка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌəʊvəˈbɪldɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvəˈbɪldɪŋ
example:
during the housing bubble, prices soared despite overbuilding|the preservation of the medieval field pattern by direct overbuilding

definition:
the action or process of putting up too many buildings in an area.|the action or process of building on top of something else.


word: OVERCAPACITY
russian_word: избыточные производственные мощности
example: margins were squeezed by overcapacity in the market
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əʊvəkəˈpasɪti
phonetics_text: əʊvəkəˈpasɪti
definition:
the situation in which an industry or factory cannot sell as much as its plant is designed to produce.


word: OVERCAST
russian_word: облачность
example: a chilly, overcast day
antonyms: bright|clear
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
definition:
(of the sky or weather) marked by a covering of grey cloud; dull.|(of the edge of a piece of fabric) sewn with long slanting stitches to prevent fraying.

synonyms:
cloudy|clouded|clouded over|overclouded|sunless|darkened|dark|grey|black|leaden|heavy|dull|murky|dirty|misty|hazy|foggy|louring|threatening|menacing|promising rain|dismal|dreary|cheerless|sombre|claggy


word: OVERCHARGE
russian_word: перегрузка
antonyms: undercharge
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
send your bill to the Law Society if you think you've been overcharged|large generators can overcharge batteries

definition:
charge (someone) too high a price for goods or a service.|put too much electric charge into (a battery).

synonyms:
swindle|charge too much|cheat|defraud|fleece|short-change|surcharge|rip off|sting|screw|soak|rob|diddle|do|rook|clip|gouge|gazump|rush


word: OVERCOME
russian_word: преодолеть
example: he overcame his pain for a time
definition: succeed in dealing with (a problem or difficulty).
origin: Old English ofercuman (see over-, come).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈkʌm
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈkʌm
synonyms:
get the better of|prevail over|control|get control of|get/bring under control|bridle|tame|master|gain mastery over|deal with|conquer|defeat|vanquish|beat|solve|triumph over|best|worst|overpower|overwhelm|get over|get a grip on|curb|subdue|subjugate|repress|quell|quash|lick


word: OVERCOMMIT
russian_word: перерасход
example: multiple borrowers who may be overcommitting themselves
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəkəˈmɪt
phonetics_text: əʊvəkəˈmɪt
definition:
oblige (someone) to do more than they are capable of, especially to repay a loan they cannot afford.


word: OVERCONFIDENT
russian_word: самоуверенным
example: Sarah's downfall came through being overconfident
definition: excessively confident.
antonyms: diffident|shy|unsure of oneself
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt
synonyms:
cocksure|smug|conceited|self-assured|self-assertive|unabashed|brash|swaggering|blustering|overbearing|overweening|presuming|presumptuous|riding/heading for a fall|foolhardy|cocky|too big for one's boots|hubristic


word: OVERCRITICAL
russian_word: чрезмерно критично
example: she'd been overcritical of Margaret
definition: inclined to find fault too readily.
antonyms: uncritical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈkrɪtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈkrɪtɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
fault-finding|hypercritical|captious|carping|cavilling|quibbling|hair-splitting|hard to please|over-censorious|over-particular|fussy|finicky|fastidious|meticulous|pedantic|over-exacting|overscrupulous|punctilious|perfectionist|pass-remarkable|nitpicking|judgy|pernickety|persnickety|overnice


word: OVERCROWD
russian_word: переполнять
example: employees were assigned to make sure people didn't overcrowd the escalators
definition: fill (accommodation or a space) beyond what is comfortable, safe, or desirable.
antonyms: deserted|empty|vacant
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈkraʊd
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈkraʊd
synonyms:
overfull|overflowing|full to overflowing/bursting|crammed full|cram-full|jammed|packed like sardines|congested|choked|overloaded|overpopulated|overpeopled|overrun|crowded|thronged|swarming|teeming|bursting/bulging at the seams|full to the gunwales|jam-packed|heaving|like Piccadilly Circus


word: OVERDO
russian_word: переусердствовать
example: she rather overdoes the early cockney scenes
definition: do, use, or carry to excess; exaggerate.
antonyms: understate|play down|understated
origin: Old English oferdōn (see over-, do1).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈduː
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈduː
synonyms:
exaggerate|overstate|do to death|overemphasize|overplay|go overboard with|dramatize|overdramatize|colour|embroider|embellish|overembellish|inflate|amplify|magnify|blow up|blow up out of all proportion|ham up|make a (big) thing of/about|pile on|lay it on thick|lay it on with a trowel|make a production of|make a big deal out of|camp up|pull the longbow|have/do/use/drink too much …|overindulge in|carry too far|carry to extremes|not know when to stop|be intemperate|excessive|too much|undue|immoderate|inordinate|disproportionate|inflated|beyond the pale|overstated|overworked|overripe|laboured|exaggerated|over-elaborate|overemphasized|extravagant|over-enthusiastic|effusive|over-effusive|gushing|fulsome|highly coloured|sensationalistic|forced|affected|theatrical|melodramatic|stagy|actorly|a bit much|over the top|OTT|hyped up|laid on with a trowel|camp


word: OVERDRAW
russian_word: преувеличивать
example: you only pay interest if your account is overdrawn|some of the characters were overdrawn
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈdrɔː
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈdrɔː
definition:
draw money from (one's bank account) in excess of what the account holds.|exaggerate in describing or depicting (someone or something).


word: OVERDRIVE
russian_word: загнать
example: the city's worried public relations group went into overdrive
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈəʊvədrʌɪv
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvədrʌɪv
definition:
a gear in a motor vehicle providing a gear ratio higher than that of direct drive (the usual top gear), so that the engine speed can be reduced at high road speeds to lessen fuel consumption or to allow further acceleration.|a state of great or excessive activity.


word: OVERDUE
russian_word: просроченный
example: the rent was nearly three months overdue|reform is now overdue
definition: not having arrived, happened, or been done by the expected time.|having been needed for some time.
antonyms: early|punctual|on time
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈdjuː
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈdjuː
synonyms:
late|not on time|behind schedule|behindhand|behind time|long-overdue|long-delayed|delayed|belated|tardy|unpunctual|unpaid|unsettled|owing|owed|to be paid|payable|receivable|due|outstanding|undischarged|in arrears|in the red|delinquent|past due


word: OVEREAT
russian_word: переедать
example: if your friends overeat, you're more likely to overeat too
definition: eat too much.
antonyms: fast|diet
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvərˈiːt
phonetics_text: əʊvərˈiːt
synonyms:
eat too much|be greedy|eat like a horse|gorge (oneself)|overindulge|overindulge oneself|surfeit|guzzle|feast|binge|binge-eat|stuff one's face|stuff oneself|pack it away|put it away|make a pig of oneself|pig oneself|pig out|scarf out|gourmandize|gluttonize


word: OVEREMPHASIZE
russian_word: придавать чрезмерное значение
example: the importance of adequate preparation cannot be overemphasized
definition: place excessive emphasis on.
antonyms: understate|play down
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvərˈɛmfəsʌɪz
phonetics_text: əʊvərˈɛmfəsʌɪz
synonyms:
overstress|exaggerate|make too much of|overplay|overdo|overdramatize|belabour|labour|dwell on|harp on|make something out of nothing|make a big thing about/of|blow up out of all proportion


word: OVEREXTEND
russian_word: перенапрягать
definition: make (something) too long.|impose an excessive burden of work or commitments on (someone).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊv(ə)rɪkˈstɛnd
phonetics_text: əʊv(ə)rɪkˈstɛnd|əʊv(ə)rɛkˈstɛnd
example:
at nine minutes plus the song is somewhat overextended|he should not overextend himself on the mortgage


word: OVERFALL
russian_word: водослив
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəfɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəfɔːl
definition:
a turbulent stretch of open water caused by a strong current or tide over a submarine ridge, or by a meeting of currents.


word: OVERFLOWING
russian_word: переполненный
example: an overflowing river swamped dozens of villages
definition: flooding or flowing over a surface or area.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌəʊvəˈfləʊɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvəˈfləʊɪŋ
synonyms:
overfull|full to overflowing/bursting|spilling over|running over|crammed full|cram-full|jammed|overcrowded|packed like sardines|congested|choked|overloaded|overpopulated|overpeopled|overrun|crowded|thronged|swarming|teeming|bursting/bulging at the seams|full to the gunwales|jam-packed|heaving|like Piccadilly Circus


word: OVERGRAZE
russian_word: перевыпас
example: their own pastures were overgrazed and arid
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈɡreɪz
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈɡreɪz
definition:
graze (grassland) so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground becomes liable to erosion.


word: OVERHAND
russian_word: производимый сверху вниз
example: sidearm and overhand techniques|an overhand grip
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈəʊvəhand
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəhand
definition:
done with the hand or arm passing above the level of the shoulder; overarm.|done with the palm of the hand downward or inward.


word: OVERHANG
russian_word: свес
example: a concrete path overhung by jacaranda trees
definition: hang or extend outwards over.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
stick out (over)|stand out (over)|extend (over)|project (over)|protrude (over)|jut (over)|jut out (over)|poke out (over)|beetle (over)|bulge out (over)|loom (over)|hang over|cantilever out (over)|be imminent|impend|protuberate


word: OVERHAUL
russian_word: ремонт
example: the steering box was recently overhauled|Jodami overhauled his chief rival
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
take apart (a piece of machinery or equipment) in order to examine it and repair it if necessary.|overtake (someone), especially in a sporting event.

synonyms:
service|maintain|repair|mend|fix up|patch up|rebuild|renovate|revamp|recondition|remodel|refit|refurbish|modernize|regulate|adjust|check|check out|check over|check up on|give something a check-up|investigate|inspect|examine|survey|revise|update|reconsider|rework|restructure|realign|shake up|fettle|do up

phonetic:
early 17th century (originally in nautical use in the sense ‘release rope tackle by slackening’): from over- + haul.


word: OVERHEAT
russian_word: перегрев
example: her car started to overheat|in 1987 the Treasury had allowed the economy to overheat
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈhiːt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈhiːt
definition:
make or become too hot.|(of a country's economy) show marked inflation when increased demand results in rising prices rather than increased output.


word: OVERINDULGE
russian_word: злоупотреблять
example: it is easy to overindulge in these kinds of food
definition: have too much of something enjoyable, especially food or drink.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊv(ə)rɪnˈdʌldʒ
phonetics_text: əʊv(ə)rɪnˈdʌldʒ
synonyms:
drink/eat too much|overeat|drink like a fish|overdrink|be greedy|be immoderate|be intemperate|overindulge oneself|overdo it|not know when to stop|drink/eat/go to excess|gorge (oneself)|surfeit|guzzle|feast|binge|binge-eat|go on a binge|stuff one's face|stuff oneself|pack it away|put it away|paint the town red|push the boat out|go overboard|live it up|make a pig of oneself|pig oneself|scarf out|tope|gourmandize|gluttonize


word: OVERINDULGENCE
russian_word: чрезмерное увлечение
example: her alleged overindulgence in alcohol|his overindulgence of her whims
antonyms: temperance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌəʊv(ə)rɪnˈdʌldʒ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˌəʊv(ə)rɪnˈdʌldʒ(ə)ns
definition:
the action or fact of having too much of something enjoyable.|excessive gratification of a person's wishes.

synonyms:
intemperance|immoderation|excess|overeating|overdrinking|overconsumption|prodigality|lack of restraint|gorging|surfeit|debauch|debauchery|dissipation|dissoluteness|greed|gluttony|orgy|binge


word: OVERINVESTMENT
russian_word: чрезмерные инвестиции
example: an artificial and uneconomic overinvestment in capital goods
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌəʊvərɪnˈvɛstm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvərɪnˈvɛstm(ə)nt
definition:
the action or fact of investing more money or resources in a project or enterprise than is necessary.


word: OVERISSUE
russian_word: чрезмерная эмиссия
example: the Bank could deliberately overissue Treasury bills
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əʊvərˈɪʃ(j)uː
phonetics_text: əʊvərˈɪʃ(j)uː|əʊvərˈɪsjuː
definition:
issue (banknotes, shares, etc.) beyond the authorized amount or the issuer's ability to pay them on demand.


word: OVERJOYED
russian_word: вне себя от радости
example: all of them were overjoyed at my success
definition: extremely happy.
antonyms: dejected|depressed|impassive|unmoved
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈdʒɔɪd
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈdʒɔɪd
synonyms:
ecstatic|euphoric|thrilled|elated|delighted|on cloud nine/seven|walking/treading on air|in seventh heaven|jubilant|rapturous|beside oneself with joy|jumping for joy|exultant|transported|delirious|enraptured|blissful|in raptures|as pleased as Punch|cock-a-hoop|as happy as a sandboy|as happy as Larry|like a child with a new toy|over the moon|on top of the world|on a high|tickled pink|made up|as happy as a clam|wrapped


word: OVERKILL
russian_word: излишним
example: animators now face a dilemma of technology overkill|the existing nuclear overkill
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəkɪl
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəkɪl
definition:
excessive use, treatment, or action.|the amount by which destruction or the capacity for destruction exceeds what is necessary.


word: OVERLAY
russian_word: наложение
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
their fingernails were overlaid with silver or gold|his openness had been overlaid by his new self-confidence

definition:
cover the surface of (something) with a coating.|(of a quality or feeling) become more prominent than (a previous quality or feeling).

synonyms:
cover|face|surface|veneer|inlay|laminate|carpet|blanket|swathe|cloak|veil|shroud|overspread|encrust|smear|daub|bedaub|coat|plaster|plate|varnish|glaze|wash|suffuse


word: OVERLOOK
russian_word: игнорировать
definition: fail to notice.|have a view of from above.|supervise.|bewitch with the evil eye.
antonyms: spot|notice
synonyms: miss|fail to notice|fail to observe|fail to spot|fail to see|leave|leave unnoticed|slip up on
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
he seems to have overlooked one important fact|the chateau overlooks fields of corn and olive trees|he was overlooking his harvest men|they told them they were overlooked by some unlucky Person


word: OVERLY
russian_word: чрезмерно
example: she was a jealous and overly possessive woman
definition: excessively.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈəʊvəli
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəli
synonyms:
unduly|excessively|inordinately|too|to too great an extent/degree|immoderately|exceedingly|wildly|absurdly|ridiculously|outrageously|unreasonably|exorbitantly|impossibly


word: OVERMANTEL
russian_word: резное украшение над камином
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəmant(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəmant(ə)l
definition:
an ornamental structure over a mantelpiece, typically of plaster or carved wood and sometimes including a mirror.


word: OVERPOWER
russian_word: подавлять
example: he overpowered the two men and frogmarched them to the police station
definition: defeat or overcome with superior strength.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈpaʊə
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈpaʊə
synonyms:
gain control over|overwhelm|prevail over|get the better of|get the upper hand over|gain mastery over|master|control|overthrow|overturn|upset|subdue|suppress|subjugate|hegemonize|repress|quell|quash|crush|finish|bring someone to their knees|break|conquer|defeat|vanquish|beat|be victorious over|gain a victory over|triumph over|best|worst|trounce|rout|thrash|lick|clobber|whip|wipe the floor with|drub|tank|blow out of the water|own


word: OVERPRINT
russian_word: оттиск
example: menus will be overprinted with company logos
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
print additional matter on (a stamp or other surface already bearing print).|print too many copies of.|make (a print or other positive) darker than intended.


word: OVERPRODUCE
russian_word: перепроизводить
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəprəˈdjuːs
phonetics_text: əʊvəprəˈdjuːs
example:
our unplanned manufacturing system continually overproduces consumer products|he has shown a disturbing tendency to overproduce songs

definition:
produce more of (something) than is wanted or needed.|record or arrange (a song or piece of music) in such an elaborate way that the spontaneity or artistry of the original material is lost.


word: OVERPRODUCED
russian_word: избыточном
example: his slick, overproduced 80s albums
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌəʊvəprəˈdjuːst
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvəprəˈdjuːst
definition:
(of a song or piece of music) recorded or arranged in such an elaborate way that the spontaneity or artistry of the original material is lost.


word: OVERPRODUCTION
russian_word: перепроизводство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌəʊvəprəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvəprəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
there was a crisis of overproduction in traditional manufacturing|so many tracks suffer from overproduction

definition:
the production of more of a product, commodity, or substance than is wanted or needed.|the recording or arrangement of a song or piece of music in such an elaborate way that the spontaneity or artistry of the original material is lost.


word: OVERRATE
russian_word: переоценивать
example: his father greatly overrated his abilities
definition: have a higher opinion of (someone or something) than is deserved.
antonyms: underrate|underestimate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈreɪt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈreɪt
synonyms:
assess too highly|overestimate|overvalue|rate/prize too highly|think too much of|exaggerate the worth of|attach too much importance to|praise too highly|exaggerate the merits of|over-praise|oversell|glorify|magnify|blow up|overprize


word: OVERREACH
russian_word: перехитрить
definition: reach out too far.|get the better of by cunning; outwit.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əʊvəˈriːtʃ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈriːtʃ
example:
never lean sideways from a ladder or overreach|Faustus's lunacy in thinking he can overreach the devil


word: OVERREACT
russian_word: слишком остро реагировать
example: the Authority are urging people not to overreact to the problem
definition: respond more emotionally or forcibly than is justified.
antonyms: be impassive|be cool
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvərɪˈakt
phonetics_text: əʊvərɪˈakt
synonyms:
get upset over nothing|react disproportionately|get overexcited|go too far|act irrationally|lose one's sense of proportion|exaggerate|make something out of nothing|go over the top


word: OVERRIDE
russian_word: переопределение
antonyms: allow|accept|listen to|take notice of
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the courts will ultimately override any objections|you can override the cut-out by releasing the switch|the external rendering should not override the damp-proof membrane|part of the deposit was overridden and covered by the advancing ice

definition:
use one's authority to reject or cancel (a decision, view, etc.).|interrupt the action of (an automatic device), typically in order to take manual control.|extend over; overlap.|travel or move over.

synonyms:
disallow|overrule|countermand|veto|set aside|quash|overturn|overthrow|cancel|reverse|rescind|rule against|revoke|withdraw|retract|take back|repeal|repudiate|recant|annul|nullify|declare null and void|invalidate|negate|void|abrogate|vacate|recall|disregard|pay no heed to|take no account of|close one's mind to|turn a deaf ear to|discount|ignore|ride roughshod over|trample on


word: OVERRIDING
russian_word: переопределения
antonyms: insignificant|irrelevant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈrʌɪdɪŋ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈrʌɪdɪŋ
example:
the overriding concern of the organizers was the financial crisis|oceanic lithosphere beneath an overriding continental plate

definition:
more important than any other considerations.|extending or moving over something, especially while remaining in close contact.

synonyms:
most important|of greatest importance|of prime importance|of supreme importance|of greatest significance|uppermost|top|supreme|first|first and foremost|highest|pre-eminent|outstanding|predominant|dominant|prevailing|preponderant|principal|leading|primary|paramount|chief|main|major|most prominent|cardinal|foremost|central|key|focal|pivotal|essential|number-one


word: OVERRULE
russian_word: отменять
example: Chief Judge Moran overruled the government's objections
definition: reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority.
antonyms: allow|accept
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈruːl
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈruːl
synonyms:
countermand|cancel|reverse|rescind|repeal|revoke|retract|withdraw|take back|rule against|disallow|override|veto|set aside|quash|overturn|overthrow|repudiate|recant|annul|nullify|declare null and void|invalidate|negate|void|abrogate|vacate|recall


word: OVERRUN
russian_word: перерасход
example: the Mediterranean has been overrun by tourists|he allowed the match to overrun by 2 minutes
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: Old English oferyrnan (see over-, run).
definition:
spread over or occupy (a place) in large numbers.|continue beyond or above an expected or allowed time or cost.

synonyms:
invade|storm|march into|occupy|infest|swarm over|surge over|flow over|inundate|swamp|overwhelm|permeate|penetrate|spread over|spread like wildfire over|run riot over|overgrow|grow over


word: OVERSEE
russian_word: наблюдать
example: the Home Secretary oversees the police service
definition: supervise (a person or their work), especially in an official capacity.
origin: Old English ofersēon ‘look at from above’ (see over-, see1).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈsiː
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈsiː
synonyms:
supervise|superintend|be in charge of|be responsible for|run|look after|keep an eye on|inspect|administer|organize|manage|direct|guide|control|be in control of|preside over|head (up)|lead|chair|umpire|referee|judge|adjudicate|moderate|govern|rule|command


word: OVERSEER
russian_word: надзиратель
definition: a person who supervises others, especially workers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəsɪə
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəsɪə
synonyms:
supervisor|foreman|forewoman|chargehand|team leader|controller|manager|manageress|line manager|boss|head|head of department|superintendent|captain|grieve|chief|head honcho|governor|super|gaffer|guv'nor|straw boss|pannikin boss|overman

origin:
late Middle English (also denoting a person appointed by a testator to assist the executor of a will): from oversee.


word: OVERSHADOW
russian_word: затмевать
definition: tower above and cast a shadow over.|appear more prominent or important than.
origin: Old English ofersceadwian (see over-, shadow).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈʃadəʊ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈʃadəʊ
example:
an enormous oak tree stood overshadowing the cottage|his competitive nature often overshadows the other qualities

synonyms:
shade|darken|conceal|obscure|block out|obliterate|eclipse|screen|shroud|veil|mantle|cloak|mask|dominate|command|overlook


word: OVERSHOE
russian_word: бот
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəʃuː
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəʃuː
definition:
a shoe worn over a normal shoe, typically made either of rubber to protect the normal shoe or of felt to protect a floor surface.


word: OVERSIGHT
russian_word: надзор
definition: an unintentional failure to notice or do something.|the action of overseeing something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəsʌɪt
example:
he had simply missed Parsons out by an oversight|effective oversight of the financial reporting process

synonyms:
mistake|error|fault|failure|omission|lapse|inaccuracy|slip|blunder|faux pas|miscalculation|slip-up|boo-boo|fail|boob|goof|carelessness|inattention|neglect|negligence|forgetfulness|inadvertence|laxity|dereliction|neglectfulness


word: OVERSOUL
russian_word: сверхдуша
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəsəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəsəʊl
definition:
(especially in Transcendentalism) a divine spirit supposed to pervade the universe and to encompass all human souls.


word: OVERSPIN
russian_word: закручивание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəspɪn
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəspɪn
definition:
a rotating motion given to a ball when throwing or hitting it, used to give it extra speed or distance or to make it bounce awkwardly.


word: OVERSTATE
russian_word: преувеличивать
example: I overstated my case to make my point
definition: state too strongly; exaggerate.
antonyms: understate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈsteɪt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈsteɪt
synonyms:
exaggerate|overdo|overemphasize|overplay|dramatize|catastrophize|colour|embroider|embellish|enhance|magnify|inflate|amplify|make a big thing out of|blow up|blow up out of all proportion|draw the long bow


word: OVERSTATEMENT
russian_word: преувеличение
example: a classic piece of overstatement
definition: the action of stating something too strongly; exaggeration.
antonyms: restraint
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəˌsteɪtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəˌsteɪtm(ə)nt|ˌəʊvəˈsteɪtm(ə)nt
synonyms:
exaggeration|overemphasis|magnification|amplification|overplaying|dramatization|colouring|embroidery|embellishment|enhancement|inflation|extravagance|hyperbole|excessiveness|overestimation|overvaluation|aggrandizement


word: OVERSTRETCH
russian_word: слишком натягивать
definition: stretch too much.|make excessive demands on.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əʊvəˈstrɛtʃ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈstrɛtʃ
example:
if you overstretch your Achilles tendon, it can tear|the extra burden of providing cover for a strike would overstretch personnel at home


word: OVERSTRUNG
russian_word: перенапряженный
example: at two in the morning the overstrung youth finally ran out of questions
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
(of a piano) having strings in sets crossing each other obliquely.|(of a person) extremely nervous or tense.


word: OVERT
russian_word: открытый
example: an overt act of aggression
definition: done or shown openly; plainly apparent.
antonyms: covert|hidden
origin: Middle English: from Old French, past participle of ovrir ‘to open’, from Latin aperire .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊˈvəːt
phonetics_text: əʊˈvəːt|ˈəʊvət
synonyms:
undisguised|unconcealed|plain to see|plainly seen|plain|clear|apparent|conspicuous|unmistakable|obvious|noticeable|observable|visible|manifest|patent|open|public|above board|blatant|glaring|shameless|brazen


word: OVERTAKE
russian_word: обгон
example: her car overtook a line of vehicles|disaster overtook the town in 1296
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈteɪk
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈteɪk
definition:
catch up with and pass while travelling in the same direction.|(especially of misfortune) come suddenly or unexpectedly upon.

synonyms:
pass|get past|go past|go by|overhaul|get/pull ahead of|leave behind|outdistance|outstrip|gain on|catch up with|draw level with|go faster than|undertake


word: OVERTHROW
russian_word: свержение
definition: remove forcibly from power.|throw (a ball) further than the intended distance.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
military coups which had attempted to overthrow the King|he grips the ball too tight and overthrows it

synonyms:
remove (from office/power)|bring down|bring about the downfall of|topple|bring low|undo|depose|oust|displace|supplant|unseat|subvert|dethrone|disestablish|dissolve|defenestrate|put an end to|defeat|conquer|break up|annihilate


word: OVERTHRUST
russian_word: эпипараклаз
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈəʊvəθrʌst
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəθrʌst
definition:
the thrust of one series of rock strata over another, especially along a fault line at a shallow angle to the horizontal.


word: OVERTIME
russian_word: сверхурочные
example: fewer opportunities for overtime|they lost in overtime
part_of_speech: noun|adverb
phonetic: ˈəʊvətʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvətʌɪm
definition:
time worked in addition to one's normal working hours.|extra time played at the end of a game that is tied at the end of the regulation time.


word: OVERTONE
russian_word: обертон
example: the decision may have political overtones
origin: mid 19th century: from over- + tone, suggested by German Oberton .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvətəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvətəʊn
definition:
a musical tone which is a part of the harmonic series above a fundamental note, and may be heard with it.|a subtle or subsidiary quality, implication, or connotation.

synonyms:
connotation|hidden meaning|secondary meaning|implication|association|undercurrent|undertone|echo|vibrations|hint|suggestion|insinuation|intimation|flavour|colouring|smack|suspicion|feeling|aura|atmosphere|nuance|trace|murmur|touch|vein|subcurrent


word: OVERTURE
russian_word: увертюра
synonyms: prelude|introduction|opening|introductory movement|voluntary|verset
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘aperture’): from Old French, from Latin apertura ‘aperture’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvətj(ʊ)ə
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvətj(ʊ)ə
example:
the overture to Mozart's ‘Don Giovanni’|the talks were no more than an overture to a long debate|he began making overtures to British merchant banks

definition:
an orchestral piece at the beginning of an opera, play, etc.|an introduction to something more substantial.|an approach or proposal made to someone with the aim of opening negotiations or establishing a relationship.


word: OVERTURN
russian_word: опрокинуть
example: the crowd proceeded to overturn cars and set them on fire|the results overturned previous findings
antonyms: allow|accept
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
tip (something) over so that it is on its side or upside down.|abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc.).

synonyms:
cancel|reverse|rescind|repeal|revoke|retract|countermand|withdraw|take back|rule against|disallow|override|overrule|veto|set aside|quash|overthrow|repudiate|recant|annul|nullify|declare null and void|invalidate|negate|void|abrogate|vacate|recall


word: OVERUSE
russian_word: злоупотреблять
example: the word ‘hero’ is overused these days
definition: use (something) too much.
antonyms: fresh|original
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
hackneyed|overworked|worn out|time-worn|worn|tired|played out|stereotyped|clichéd|threadbare|stale|trite|banal|stock|hack|unoriginal|derivative|platitudinous|hacky


word: OVERVIEW
russian_word: обзор
example: a brief overview of the survey
definition: a general review or summary of a subject.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈəʊvəvjuː
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəvjuː
synonyms:
survey|outline|sketch|rundown|review|run-through|notes|recapitulation|recap|summary|synopsis|precis|résumé|summing-up|abstract|abridgement|digest|compendium|condensation|encapsulation|abbreviated version|tour d'horizon|wrap-up|epitome|conspectus|summa


word: OVERWEENING
russian_word: самонадеянный
example: overweening ambition
definition: showing excessive confidence or pride.
antonyms: modest|diffident|unassuming
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈwiːnɪŋ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈwiːnɪŋ
synonyms:
overconfident|conceited|cocksure|cocky|smug|haughty|supercilious|disdainful|lofty|patronizing|arrogant|proud|vain|vainglorious|self-important|egotistical|high-handed|magisterial|cavalier|imperious|domineering|dictatorial|overbearing|presumptuous|lordly|peremptory|pompous|officious|blustering|boastful|self-assertive|opinionated|bold|forward|insolent|high and mighty|throwing one's weight about|throwing one's weight around|uppish|hubristic


word: OVERWEIGHT
russian_word: избыточный вес
example: she was a stone overweight|two of the top three overweight sectors in the US market
antonyms: skinny|scrawny|thin|undernourished
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
definition:
above a weight considered normal or desirable.|having more investment in a particular area than is normal or desirable.

synonyms:
fat|obese|morbidly obese|stout|corpulent|gross|fleshy|plump|portly|chubby|rotund|podgy|roly-poly|paunchy|pot-bellied|beer-bellied|bloated|flabby|Falstaffian|big|large|ample|well fed|well upholstered|well padded|broad in the beam|bulky|outsize|massive|heavy|porky|pudgy|tubby|blubbery|poddy|fubsy|lard-arsed|pursy|abdominous


word: OVERWHELM
russian_word: подавлять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈwɛlm
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈwɛlm
example:
floodwaters overwhelmed hundreds of houses|I was overwhelmed with guilt|the Irish side was overwhelmed 15–3 by Scotland

definition:
bury or drown beneath a huge mass of something, especially water.|have a strong emotional effect on.|defeat completely.

synonyms:
swamp|submerge|engulf|bury|deluge|flood|inundate|clog|saturate|glut|overload|beset|overburden|snow under


word: OVERWHELMING
russian_word: подавляющий
example: his party won overwhelming support
definition: very great in amount.
antonyms: small
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈwɛlmɪŋ
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈwɛlmɪŋ
synonyms:
very large|profuse|enormous|immense|inordinate|massive|huge|formidable|stupendous|prodigious|fantastic|staggering|shattering|devastating|sweeping|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|very strong|forceful|profound|uncontrollable|irrepressible|irresistible|unbearable|overpowering|oppressive|unutterable|compelling|irrefutable


word: OVERWORK
russian_word: переутомление
definition: cause (someone) to work beyond their capacity or strength.|make excessive use of.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əʊvəˈwəːk
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈwəːk
example:
employers should be aware that overworking their employees comes at a cost|we aren't building new refineries so we have overworked our old ones

synonyms:
exploit|drive (too hard)|drive into the ground|tax|overtax|sweat|overburden|put upon|impose on|oppress|be a slave driver|be a hard taskmaster|stressed|under stress|stressed out|stress-ridden|strained|overtaxed|overburdened|overloaded|exhausted|fatigued|worn out


word: OVERWORKED
russian_word: перегружены
definition: (of a person) having to work beyond their capacity or strength.|used to excess.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈwəːkt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈwəːkt
example:
overworked nurses do not have time to adequately prepare patients for discharge|the strain of overworked muscles


word: OVERWRITE
russian_word: переписывать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊvəˈrʌɪt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈrʌɪt
example:
many names had been scratched out or overwritten|there is a tendency to overwrite their parts and fall into cliché|there should be regular monitoring to ensure that underwriters do not overwrite

definition:
write on top of (other writing).|write too elaborately or ornately.|(in insurance) accept more risk than the premium income limits allow.


word: OVERWRITING
russian_word: перезаписи
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌəʊvəˈrʌɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvəˈrʌɪtɪŋ
example:
there should not be any overwriting on the form|he tells his story simply despite occasional overwriting|the members may be required to make available additional funds to cover the overwriting

definition:
writing on top of other writing.|the action or process of writing too elaborately or ornately.|(in insurance) the acceptance of more risk than the premium income limits allow.


word: OVERWROUGHT
russian_word: возбужденный
antonyms: calm|cool|laid-back
origin: late Middle English: archaic past participle of overwork.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊvəˈrɔːt
phonetics_text: əʊvəˈrɔːt
example:
she was too overwrought to listen to reason|a pseudo-Gothic church far too overwrought for such a small town

definition:
in a state of nervous excitement or anxiety.|(of a piece of writing or a work of art) too elaborate or complicated in design or construction.

synonyms:
tense|agitated|nervous|on edge|edgy|keyed up|worked up|highly strung|neurotic|overexcited|beside oneself|distracted|distraught|under a strain|frantic|frenzied|hysterical|panicky|restless|jittery|fidgety|jumpy|nervy|in a state|in a tizzy|uptight|twitchy|wound up|wired|het up|throwing a wobbly|strung up|stressy|swivel-eyed


word: OVIPAROUS
russian_word: яйценосный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊˈvɪp(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: əʊˈvɪp(ə)rəs
definition:
(of an animal) producing young by means of eggs which are hatched after they have been laid by the parent, as in birds.


word: OVIRAPTOR
russian_word: Овираптор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌəʊvɪˈraptə
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvɪˈraptə
definition:
a bipedal dinosaur of the late Cretaceous period, having a toothless jaw and long forelimbs with clawed fingers.

origin:
1920s: from ovi- (from Latin ovum ‘egg’) + raptor, the original supposition being that it fed on the eggs of other dinosaurs.


word: OVOVIVIPAROUS
russian_word: Яйцеживородящие
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪp(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪp(ə)rəs
definition:
(of an animal) producing young by means of eggs which are hatched within the body of the parent, as in some snakes.


word: OVULATE
russian_word: овулировать
example: women who ovulate but cannot conceive
definition: discharge ova or ovules from the ovary.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɒvjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɒvjʊleɪt
origin:
late 19th century: back-formation from ovulation, or from medieval Latin ovulum ‘little egg’ (see ovule) + -ate3.


word: OVULE
russian_word: яйцеклетка
origin: early 19th century: from French, from medieval Latin ovulum, diminutive of ovum.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɒvjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈɒvjuːl|ˈəʊvjuːl
definition:
the part of the ovary of seed plants that contains the female germ cell and after fertilization becomes the seed.


word: OVUM
russian_word: яйцеклетка
example: the ovum contributes one chromosome of each pair to the fertilized cell
origin: early 18th century: from Latin, literally ‘egg’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊvəm
phonetics_text: ˈəʊvəm
definition:
a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, which can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.


word: OWE
russian_word: задолжать
example: they have denied they owe money to the company
definition: have an obligation to pay or repay (something, especially money) in return for something received.
antonyms: settle up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əʊ
phonetics_text: əʊ
synonyms:
be in debt (to)|be indebted (to)|be in arrears (to)|be under an obligation (to)|be obligated (to)|be beholden to|be in debit|be overdrawn (by)|be in the red|be in debt to the tune of

origin:
Old English āgan  ‘own, have it as an obligation’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit īs ‘possess, own’. Compare with ought1.


word: OWING
russian_word: причитающийся
example: no rent was owing
definition: (of money) yet to be paid.
antonyms: paid|settled
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈəʊɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈəʊɪŋ
synonyms:
unpaid|unsettled|to be paid|payable|receivable|due|overdue|undischarged|owed|outstanding|in arrears|in the red|delinquent|past due


word: OWING TO
russian_word: вследствие
example: his reading was hesitant owing to a stammer
definition: because of or on account of.
phonetic: ˈəʊɪŋ tu
phonetics_text: ˈəʊɪŋ tu
synonyms:
because of|as a result of|on account of|on grounds of|due to|as a consequence of|thanks to|through|by reason of|by/in virtue of|for the sake of|in view of|after|following|in the wake of


word: OWL
russian_word: сова
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aʊl
phonetics_text: aʊl
definition:
a nocturnal bird of prey with large eyes, a facial disc, a hooked beak, and typically a loud hooting call.

origin:
Old English ūle, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch uil and German Eule, from a base imitative of the bird's call.


word: OWN
russian_word: собственный
example: they can't handle their own children
part_of_speech: adjective|pronoun|verb
phonetic: əʊn
phonetics_text: əʊn
definition:
used with a possessive to emphasize that someone or something belongs or relates to the person or thing mentioned.

origin:
Old English āgen (adjective and pronoun) ‘owned, possessed’, past participle of āgan ‘owe’; the verb (Old English āgnian ‘possess’, also ‘make own's own’) was originally from the adjective, later probably reintroduced from owner.


word: OWNER
russian_word: владелец
example: the proud owner of a huge Dalmatian
definition: a person who owns something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊnə
phonetics_text: ˈəʊnə
synonyms:
possessor|holder|proprietor/proprietress|homeowner|freeholder|landlord|landlady|master/mistress|keeper|proprietrix


word: OX
russian_word: бык
example: laden wagons pulled by lowing oxen travel down to the coast
definition: a castrated bull used as a draught animal.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɒks
phonetics_text: ɒks
origin:
Old English oxa, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch os and German Ochse, from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit ukṣán ‘bull’.


word: OXACILLIN
russian_word: оксациллин
origin: 1960s: blend of oxazole and penicillin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɒksəˈsɪlɪn
phonetics_text: ˌɒksəˈsɪlɪn
definition:
an antibiotic drug made by chemical modification of penicillin and used to treat bacterial infections.


word: OXALIS
russian_word: Кислица
origin: early 17th century: via Latin from Greek, from oxus ‘sour’ (because of its sharp-tasting leaves).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɒksəlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɒksəlɪs|ɒkˈsɑːlɪs
definition:
a plant of a genus which includes the wood sorrel, typically having three-lobed leaves and white, yellow, or pink flowers.


word: OXIDASE
russian_word: оксидазы
example: cytochrome oxidase
origin: late 19th century: from French oxydase, from oxyde ‘oxide’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɒksɪdeɪz
phonetics_text: ˈɒksɪdeɪz
definition:
an enzyme which promotes the transfer of a hydrogen atom from a particular substrate to an oxygen molecule, forming water or hydrogen peroxide.


word: OXYACETYLENE
russian_word: ацетиленокислород
example: an oxyacetylene torch
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɒksɪəˈsɛtɪliːn
phonetics_text: ˌɒksɪəˈsɛtɪliːn
definition:
of or denoting welding or cutting techniques using a very hot flame produced by mixing acetylene and oxygen.


word: OXYGEN
russian_word: кислород
example: if breathing stops, there is no oxygen getting to the brain and the cells begin to die
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɒksɪdʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈɒksɪdʒ(ə)n
definition:
a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.

origin:
late 18th century: from French ( principe) oxygène ‘acidifying constituent’ (because at first it was held to be the essential component in the formation of acids).


word: OXYHAEMOGLOBIN
russian_word: оксигемоглобина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɒksɪhiːməˈɡləʊbɪn
phonetics_text: ˌɒksɪhiːməˈɡləʊbɪn
definition:
a bright red substance formed by the combination of haemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood.


word: OXYMORON
russian_word: оксюморон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɒksɪˈmɔːrɒn
phonetics_text: ˌɒksɪˈmɔːrɒn
definition:
a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g. faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).

origin:
mid 17th century: from Greek oxumōron, neuter (used as a noun) of oxumōros ‘pointedly foolish’, from oxus ‘sharp’ + mōros ‘foolish’.


word: OXYTOCIN
russian_word: окситоцин
origin: 1920s: from Greek oxutokia ‘sudden delivery’ (from oxus ‘sharp’ + tokos ‘childbirth’) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɒksɪˈtəʊsɪn
phonetics_text: ˌɒksɪˈtəʊsɪn
definition:
a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labour and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.


word: OYSTER
russian_word: устрица
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɔɪstə
phonetics_text: ˈɔɪstə
definition:
any of a number of bivalve molluscs with rough irregular shells. Several kinds are eaten (especially raw) as a delicacy and may be farmed for food or pearls.|a shade of greyish white.|an oyster-shaped morsel of meat on each side of the backbone in poultry.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French oistre, via Latin from Greek ostreon ; related to osteon ‘bone’ and ostrakon ‘shell or tile’.


word: OYSTERCATCHER
russian_word: кулик-сорока
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔɪstəkatʃə
phonetics_text: ˈɔɪstəkatʃə
definition:
a wading bird with black-and-white or all-black plumage and a strong orange-red bill, typically found on the coast and feeding chiefly on shellfish.


word: OZOKERITE
russian_word: озокерит
origin: mid 19th century: from German Ozokerit, from Greek ozein ‘to smell’ + kēros ‘wax’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əʊˈzəʊkərʌɪt
phonetics_text: əʊˈzəʊkərʌɪt|əʊˈsəʊkərʌɪt|ˌəʊzə(ʊ)ˈsɪərʌɪt
definition:
a brown or black paraffin wax occurring naturally in some shales and sandstones and formerly used in candles, polishes, and electrical insulation.


word: OZONE
russian_word: озон
origin: mid 19th century: from German Ozon, from Greek ozein ‘to smell’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊzəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈəʊzəʊn
definition:
a colourless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odour and powerful oxidizing properties, formed from oxygen by electrical discharges or ultraviolet light. It differs from normal oxygen (O2) in having three atoms in its molecule (O3).|fresh invigorating air, especially that blowing on to the shore from the sea.


word: OZONIDE
russian_word: озонид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊzənʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈəʊzənʌɪd
definition:
any of a class of unstable cyclic compounds formed by the addition of ozone to a carbon–carbon double bond.


word: PACA
russian_word: пака
origin: mid 17th century: via Spanish and Portuguese from Tupi.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpakə
phonetics_text: ˈpakə
definition:
a large nocturnal South American rodent that has a reddish-brown coat patterned with rows of white spots and is hunted for its meat.


word: PACE
russian_word: темп
example: Kirov stepped back a pace|he's an aggressive player with plenty of pace
definition: a single step taken when walking or running.|speed in walking, running, or moving.
synonyms: step|stride|footstep
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: peɪs
phonetics_text: peɪs
origin:
Middle English: from Old French pas, from Latin passus ‘stretch (of the leg)’, from pandere ‘to stretch’.


word: PACEMAKER
russian_word: кардиостимулятор
example: he acted as a pacemaker for Bannister when he broke the four-minute mile
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪsmeɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪsmeɪkə
definition:
a person or animal who sets the pace at the beginning of a race, sometimes in order to help a runner break a record.|a device for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions.


word: PACHYDERM
russian_word: толстокожее животное
definition: a very large mammal with thick skin, especially an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpakɪdəːm
phonetics_text: ˈpakɪdəːm
origin:
mid 19th century: from French pachyderme, from Greek pakhudermos, from pakhus ‘thick’ + derma ‘skin’.


word: PACHYTENE
russian_word: пахитены
origin: early 20th century: from Greek pakhus ‘thick’ + tainia ‘band’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpakɪtiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpakɪtiːn
definition:
the third stage of the prophase of meiosis, following zygotene, during which the paired chromosomes shorten and thicken, the two chromatids of each separate, and exchange of segments between chromatids may occur.


word: PACIFIC
russian_word: тихий океан
example: a pacific gesture|the Pacific War
definition: peaceful in character or intent.|relating to the Pacific Ocean.
antonyms: hostile|aggressive|belligerent|warmongering
origin: mid 16th century: from French pacifique or Latin pacificus ‘peacemaking’, from pax, pac- ‘peace’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈsɪfɪk
phonetics_text: pəˈsɪfɪk
synonyms:
peace-loving|peaceable|pacifist|anti-war|non-violent|non-aggressive|non-belligerent|non-combative|conflict-free|mild|gentle|equable|dovelike|dovish|pacifistic|conciliatory|peacemaking|placatory|placating|propitiatory|appeasing|mollifying|calming|mediatory|mediating|diplomatic|peacebuilding|irenic


word: PACIFISM
russian_word: пацифизм
example: there remains a powerful undercurrent of pacifism
origin: early 20th century: from French pacifisme, from pacifier ‘pacify’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpasɪfɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪfɪz(ə)m
definition:
the belief that war and violence are unjustifiable and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.

synonyms:
peacemaking|conscientious objection(s)|passive resistance|love of peace|peacebuilding|peacemongering|dovishness|non-violence|satyagraha


word: PACIFIST
russian_word: пацифист
example: she was a committed pacifist all her life
definition: a person who believes that war and violence are unjustifiable.
antonyms: warmonger
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpasɪfɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪfɪst
synonyms:
peace-lover|conscientious objector|passive resister|peacemaker|peace-monger|appeaser|pacifier|dove|peacenik|conchie|satyagrahi


word: PACIFY
russian_word: усмирить
example: he had to pacify angry spectators
definition: quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of.
antonyms: provoke|enrage|inflame
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpasɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
placate|appease|calm|calm down|conciliate|propitiate|assuage|mollify|soothe|tranquillize|content|still|silence|relax|compose|quieten|quiet

origin:
late 15th century (earlier (late Middle English) as pacification ): from Old French pacefier, from Latin pacificare, based on pax, pac- ‘peace’.


word: PACK
russian_word: упаковка
synonyms: packet|container|package|box|crate|carton|parcel
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pak
phonetics_text: pak
example:
a pack of cigarettes|a pack of wolves will encircle an ailing prey|we picked up our packs and trudged off

definition:
a small cardboard or paper container and the items contained within it.|a group of wild animals, especially wolves, living and hunting together.|a rucksack.|an expanse of large pieces of floating ice driven together into a nearly continuous mass, as occurs in polar seas.|a hot or cold pad of absorbent material, especially as used for treating an injury.

origin:
Middle English: from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pak (noun), pakken (verb). The verb appears early in Anglo-Latin and Anglo-Norman French in connection with the wool trade; trade in English wool was chiefly with the Low Countries.


word: PACKAGE
russian_word: пакет
synonyms: collection|bundle|lot|combination|conglomeration|raft|package deal
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpakɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpakɪdʒ
example:
someone had left a suspicious package|a package of measures announced by the government|CAD and banking packages

definition:
an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box.|a set of proposals or terms offered or agreed as a whole.|a collection of programs or subroutines with related functionality.

origin:
mid 16th century (as a noun denoting the action or mode of packing goods): from the verb pack1 + -age; compare with Anglo-Latin paccagium . The verb dates from the 1920s.


word: PACKER
russian_word: упаковщик
example: a meat packer
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpakə
phonetics_text: ˈpakə
definition:
a person or machine that packs something, especially someone who prepares and packs food for transportation and sale.


word: PACKET
russian_word: пакет
synonyms: pack|carton|box|cardboard box|container|case|package|parcel|padded bag|Jiffy bag
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpakɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpakɪt
example:
one man was fined £ 25 for dropping a crisp packet from his car window|a hectic social life could cost a packet

definition:
a paper or cardboard container, typically one in which goods are sold.|a block of data transmitted across a network.|a large sum of money.|a ship travelling at regular intervals between two ports, originally for the conveyance of mail.

origin:
mid 16th century: diminutive of pack1, perhaps from Anglo-Norman French; compare with Anglo-Latin paccettum .


word: PACK UP
russian_word: увязать
example: I packed up my stuff and drove to Detroit|the immersion heater has packed up
definition: place something in a container for transport, storage, or sale.|(of a machine) break down.
synonyms:
break down|stop working|cease to work/function|fail|give out|stall|come to a halt|develop a fault|malfunction|go wrong|break|act up|be defective/faulty|crash|conk out|go kaput|go phut|play up


word: PACT
russian_word: пакт
example: the country negotiated a trade pact with the US
definition: a formal agreement between individuals or parties.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pakt
phonetics_text: pakt
synonyms:
agreement|treaty|entente|protocol|deal|contract|settlement|arrangement|bargain|compact|obligation|understanding|covenant|bond|concord|concordat|convention|armistice|truce|alliance|league

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pactum ‘something agreed’, neuter past participle (used as a noun) of paciscere ‘agree’.


word: PAD
russian_word: подушка
synonyms: dressing|compress|pack|padding|wadding|wad|stuffing|cushion|squab|pillow|bolster|filling|upholstery
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pad
phonetics_text: pad
example:
a pad of cotton wool|a dog's pads will bleed profusely if cut|she sketched something on a big white pad|an office building with a helicopter pad|he crashed at my pad when he was in town

definition:
a thick piece of soft material, typically used to protect or shape something, or to absorb liquid.|the fleshy underpart of an animal's foot or of a human finger.|a number of sheets of blank paper fastened together at one edge, used for writing or drawing.|a flat-topped structure or area used for helicopter take-off and landing or for rocket-launching.|a person's home.|a flat area on a track of a printed circuit or on the edge of an integrated circuit to which wires or component leads can be attached to make an electrical connection.

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘bundle of straw to lie on’): the senses may not be of common origin; the meaning ‘underpart of an animal's foot’ is perhaps related to Low German pad ‘sole of the foot’; the history remains obscure.


word: PADDLE
russian_word: весло
example: we dug in deep with our paddles
synonyms: oar|scull|sweep|blade|spoon|spade
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpad(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpad(ə)l
definition:
a short pole with a broad blade at one or both ends, used without a rowlock to move a small boat or canoe through the water.|a flat array of solar cells projecting from a spacecraft.|a plastic-covered electrode used in cardiac stimulation.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a small spade-like implement): of unknown origin. Current senses date from the 17th century.


word: PADDOCK
russian_word: загон
definition: a small field or enclosure where horses are kept or exercised.
origin: early 17th century: apparently a variant of dialect parrock, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpadək
phonetics_text: ˈpadək
synonyms:
field|meadow|pasture|enclosure for horses|yard|pen|pound|stockade|park|parrock|corral|parc fermé|kraal|potrero


word: PADRE
russian_word: католический священник
definition: the title of a priest or chaplain in some countries.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːdreɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːdreɪ|ˈpɑːdri
origin:
late 16th century: from Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, literally ‘father, priest’, from Latin pater, patr- ‘father’.


word: PAEAN
russian_word: пеан
example: a paean of praise for the great poets
definition: a song of praise or triumph.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːən
phonetics_text: ˈpiːən
origin:
late 16th century: via Latin from Greek paian ‘hymn of thanksgiving to Apollo’ (invoked by the name Paian, originally the Homeric name for the physician of the gods).


word: PAEON
russian_word: пеон
definition: a metrical foot of one long syllable and three short syllables in any order.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːən
phonetics_text: ˈpiːən
origin:
early 17th century: via Latin from Greek paiōn, the Attic form of paian ‘hymn of thanksgiving to Apollo’ (see paean).


word: PAGAN
russian_word: языческий
example: a Muslim majority had to live in close proximity to large communities of Christians and pagans
definition: a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions.
antonyms: believer
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪɡ(ə)n
synonyms:
heathen|infidel|idolater/idolatress|atheist|non-theist|irreligious person|agnostic|sceptic|heretic|apostate|paynim

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin paganus ‘villager, rustic’, from pagus ‘country district’. Latin paganus also meant ‘civilian’, becoming, in Christian Latin, ‘heathen’ (i.e. one not enrolled in the army of Christ).


word: PAGANISM
russian_word: язычество
example: converts from paganism to Christianity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪɡ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪɡ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
a religion other than one of the main world religions, specifically a non-Christian or pre-Christian religion.


word: PAGE
russian_word: страница
example: a book of not less than 40 pages
synonyms: folio|sheet|side|leaf|recto|verso
origin: late 16th century: from French, from Latin pagina, from pangere ‘fasten’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: peɪdʒ
phonetics_text: peɪdʒ
definition:
one or both sides of a sheet of paper in a book, magazine, newspaper, or other collection of bound sheets.


word: PAGEANT
russian_word: карнавальное шествие
example: they brought the history books to life at the town's pageant
origin: late Middle English pagyn, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpadʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpadʒ(ə)nt
definition:
a public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate, colourful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene.|a beauty contest.

synonyms:
parade|procession|cavalcade|scene|play|representation|tableau|tableau vivant|display|spectacle|extravaganza|show


word: PAGEANTRY
russian_word: шик
example: the pageantry of George V's jubilee
definition: elaborate display or ceremony.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpadʒ(ə)ntri
phonetics_text: ˈpadʒ(ə)ntri
synonyms:
spectacle|display|ceremony|ceremoniousness|magnificence|pomp|glory|splendour|grandeur|glamour|flourish|glitter|theatricality|drama|show|showiness|pizzazz|razzle-dazzle|razzmatazz|grandezza


word: PAGE
russian_word: страница
example: she was paging through a pile of Sunday newspapers
origin: late 16th century: from French, from Latin pagina, from pangere ‘fasten’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: peɪdʒ
phonetics_text: peɪdʒ
definition:
look through the pages of (a book, magazine, etc.).|divide (a piece of software or data) into sections, keeping the most frequently accessed in main memory and storing the rest in virtual memory.|assign numbers to the pages in (a book or periodical); paginate.


word: PAGER
russian_word: пейджер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪdʒə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪdʒə
definition:
a small radio device, activated from a central point, which emits a series of bleeps or vibrates to inform the wearer that someone wishes to contact them or that it has received a short text message.


word: PAGINATION
russian_word: нумерация страниц
example: later editions are identical in text and pagination
definition: the sequence of numbers assigned to pages in a book or periodical.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpadʒɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpadʒɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
mid 19th century: noun of action from paginate, from French paginer, based on Latin pagina ‘a page’ (see page1).


word: PAGODA
russian_word: пагода
definition: (in India and East Asia) a Hindu or Buddhist temple, typically in the form of a many-tiered tower.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈɡəʊdə
phonetics_text: pəˈɡəʊdə
origin:
late 16th century: from Portuguese pagode, perhaps based on Persian butkada ‘temple of idols’, influenced by Prakrit bhagodī ‘divine’.


word: PAHLAVI
russian_word: Пехлеви
origin: from Persian pahlawī, from pahlav, from parthava ‘Parthia’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːləvi
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːləvi
definition:
an Aramaic-based writing system used in Persia from the 2nd century BC to the advent of Islam in the 7th century AD. It was also used for the recording of ancient Avestan sacred texts.


word: PAID-UP
russian_word: оплаченный
example: a paid-up member of the club|paid-up capital
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
(of a member of an organization) having paid all the necessary subscriptions in full.|denoting the part of the subscribed capital of an undertaking which has actually been paid.


word: PAIK
russian_word: Пайк
example: we'll paik their hides
definition: pummel or beat (someone).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: peɪk
phonetics_text: peɪk
origin:
early 16th century (as noun meaning ‘a hard blow’): origin unknown; perhaps related to pick1 or peck1.


word: PAIL
russian_word: ведро
definition: a bucket.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: peɪl
phonetics_text: peɪl
origin:
Middle English: origin uncertain; compare with Old English pægel  ‘gill, small measure’ and Old French paelle ‘pan, liquid measure, brazier’.


word: PAIN
russian_word: боль
example: she's in great pain|she took pains to see that everyone ate well
definition: highly unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury.|great care or trouble.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: peɪn
phonetics_text: peɪn
synonyms:
suffering|agony|affliction|torture|torment|discomfort|soreness|ache|aching|hurt|throb|throbbing|smarting|pricking|sting|stinging|twinge|shooting pain|stab|pang|spasm|stitch|cramp|irritation|stiffness|tenderness

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘suffering inflicted as punishment for an offence’): from Old French peine, from Latin poena ‘penalty’, later ‘pain’.


word: PAINED
russian_word: страдальческий
example: a pained expression came over his face
definition: affected with pain, especially mental pain; hurt or troubled.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: peɪnd
phonetics_text: peɪnd
synonyms:
upset|hurt|wounded|injured|insulted|offended|aggrieved|affronted|displeased|distressed|disgruntled|put out|annoyed|angered|angry|cross|exasperated|indignant|irritated|vexed|piqued|irked|stung|galled|nettled|needled|peeved|ruffled|resentful|in a huff|huffy|in high dudgeon|fed up|riled|miffed|rattled|aggravated|peed off|hacked off|narked|eggy|cheesed off|browned off|brassed off|not best pleased|teed off|ticked off|sore|miffy|snuffy|pissed off


word: PAINFUL
russian_word: болезненный
example: her ankle was very painful
definition: (of a part of the body) affected with pain.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪnfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪnfʊl|ˈpeɪnf(ə)l
synonyms:
sore|hurting|hurt|tender|aching|throbbing|smarting|burning|irritating|agonizing|excruciating|gut-wrenching


word: PAINFULLY
russian_word: болезненно
example: she coughed painfully
definition: in a painful manner or to a painful degree.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpeɪnfəli
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪnfəli
synonyms:
distressingly|worryingly|upsettingly|disturbingly|sadly|pitifully|unfortunately|agonizingly|harrowingly|excruciatingly|chillingly|alarmingly|insufferably|unendurably|unbearably|torturously|cruelly|uncomfortably|embarrassingly|disconcertingly|unenviably|unpleasantly|woefully|dreadfully|terribly|awfully|horribly|frightfully


word: PAINSTAKING
russian_word: кропотливый
example: painstaking attention to detail
definition: done with or employing great care and thoroughness.
antonyms: careless|negligent|slapdash
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ
synonyms:
careful|meticulous|thorough|assiduous|sedulous|attentive|diligent|industrious|laborious|hard-working|conscientious|ultra-careful|punctilious|scrupulous|demanding|exacting|searching|close|elaborate|minute|accurate|correct|studious|rigorous|particular|religious|strict|pedantic|fussy


word: PAINT
russian_word: краска
example: a tin of paint|a paint mare|the two players jostled in the paint
synonyms: colouring|colourant|tint|dye|stain|pigment|wash|colour|varnish
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: peɪnt
phonetics_text: peɪnt
definition:
a coloured substance which is spread over a surface and dries to leave a thin decorative or protective coating.|a piebald horse.|the rectangular area marked near the basket at each end of the court.

origin:
Middle English: from peint ‘painted’, past participle of Old French peindre, from Latin pingere ‘to paint’.


word: PAINTBALL
russian_word: пейнтбол
example: a paintball gun
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪntbɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪntbɔːl
definition:
a game in which participants simulate military combat using airguns to shoot capsules of paint at each other.


word: PAINTBRUSH
russian_word: кисть
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪntbrʌʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪntbrʌʃ
definition:
a brush for applying paint.|a North American plant that bears brightly coloured flowering spikes with a brushlike appearance.


word: PAINTER
russian_word: художник
example: a German landscape painter|a self-employed painter and decorator
definition: an artist who paints pictures.|a person whose job is painting buildings.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪntə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪntə
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French peintour, based on Latin pictor, from the verb pingere ‘to paint’.


word: PAIR
russian_word: пара
example: a pair of gloves|a pair of jeans|one minister was flatly refused a pair by his Tory opposite number
synonyms: set of two|set|matching set|matched set|two of a kind
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɛː
phonetics_text: pɛː
definition:
a set of two things used together or regarded as a unit.|an article consisting of two joined or corresponding parts not used separately.|either or both of two members of a legislative assembly on opposite sides who absent themselves from voting by mutual arrangement, leaving the relative position of the parties unaffected.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French paire, from Latin paria ‘equal things’, neuter plural of par ‘equal’. Formerly phrases such as a pair of gloves were expressed without of, as in a pair gloves (compare with German ein Paar Handschuhe ).


word: PAISLEY
russian_word: Пейсли
example: a paisley silk tie
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪzli
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪzli
definition:
a distinctive intricate pattern of curved feather-shaped figures based on an Indian pine-cone design.

origin:
early 19th century: named after the town of Paisley (see Paisley), the original place of manufacture.


word: PAL
russian_word: приятель
example: we've been pals for a long time
definition: a friend.
origin: late 17th century: from Romani, ‘brother, mate’, based on Sanskrit bhrātṛ ‘brother’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pal
phonetics_text: pal
synonyms:
friend|companion|comrade|intimate|familiar|confidant|alter ego|second self|playmate|classmate|schoolmate|workmate|chum|buddy|bosom pal|sidekick|cully|spar|crony|mucker|butty|main man|mate|oppo|china|marrow|marrer|marra|amigo|compadre|paisan|bro|homeboy|homegirl|gabba|compeer|fidus Achates


word: PALACE
russian_word: дворец
example: the royal palace
definition: a large and impressive building forming the official residence of a ruler, pope, archbishop, etc.
synonyms: royal/official residence|castle|mansion|stately home|château|palazzo|schloss|alcazar|seraglio
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪs
origin:
Middle English: from Old French paleis, from Latin Palatium, the name of the Palatine hill in Rome, where the house of the emperor was situated.


word: PALADIN
russian_word: паладин
definition: any of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court, of whom the Count Palatine was the chief.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalədɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpalədɪn
origin:
late 16th century: from French paladin, from Italian paladino, from Latin palatinus ‘(officer) of the palace’ (see palatine1).


word: PALAEOCENE
russian_word: палеоцен
example: these footprints are found in an exposure of a rock formation that contains no Palaeocene fossils
origin: late 19th century: from palaeo- + Greek kainos ‘new’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪə(ʊ)siːn
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪə(ʊ)siːn|ˈpeɪlɪə(ʊ)siːn
definition:
relating to or denoting the earliest epoch of the Tertiary period, between the Cretaceous period and the Eocene epoch.


word: PALAEOGENE
russian_word: палеоген
example: the Palaeogene world was still thickly forested
origin: late 19th century: from palaeo- + Greek genēs ‘of a specified kind’ (see -gen).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪə(ʊ)dʒiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪə(ʊ)dʒiːn|ˈpeɪlɪə(ʊ)dʒiːn
definition:
relating to or denoting the earlier division of the Tertiary period, comprising the Palaeocene, Eocene, and Oligocene epochs.


word: PALAEOLITHIC
russian_word: палеолитический
example: the oldest remains found here include Palaeolithic arrow heads and knives
origin: mid 19th century: from palaeo- + Greek lithos ‘stone’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpalɪə(ʊ)ˈlɪθɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpalɪə(ʊ)ˈlɪθɪk|ˌpeɪlɪə(ʊ)ˈlɪθɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.


word: PALAEOMAGNETISM
russian_word: Палеомагнетизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpalɪə(ʊ)ˈmaɡnɪtɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˌpalɪə(ʊ)ˈmaɡnɪtɪz(ə)m|ˌpeɪlɪə(ʊ)ˈmaɡnɪtɪz(ə)m
definition:
the branch of geophysics concerned with the magnetism in rocks that was induced by the earth's magnetic field at the time of their formation.


word: PALAEONTOLOGY
russian_word: палеонтология
definition: the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpalɪɒnˈtɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌpalɪɒnˈtɒlədʒi|ˌpeɪlɪɒnˈtɒlədʒi
origin:
mid 19th century: from palaeo- + Greek onta ‘beings’ (neuter plural of ōn, present participle of einai ‘be’) + -logy.


word: PALAEOPATHOLOGY
russian_word: палеопатология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpalɪəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌpalɪəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi|ˌpeɪlɪəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi
definition:
the branch of science concerned with the pathological conditions found in ancient human and animal remains.


word: PALANQUIN
russian_word: паланкин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpalənˈkiːn
phonetics_text: ˌpalənˈkiːn
definition:
(in India and the East) a covered litter for one passenger, consisting of a large box carried on two horizontal poles by four or six bearers.

origin:
late 16th century: from Portuguese palanquim, from Oriya pālaṅki, based on Sanskrit palyanka ‘bed, couch’.


word: PALATABLE
russian_word: приятный
example: a very palatable local red wine
definition: (of food or drink) pleasant to taste.
antonyms: tasteless|insipid|unpalatable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpalətəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpalətəb(ə)l
synonyms:
tasty|appetizing|pleasant-tasting|eatable|edible|drinkable|flavourful|flavoursome|savoury|delicious|delectable|enjoyable|mouth-watering|luscious|toothsome|succulent|dainty|scrumptious|finger-licking|yummy|scrummy|nummy|delish|yum-yum|moreish|peng|ambrosial|comestible|flavorous|ambrosian|sapid|nectarean|nectareous


word: PALATALIZE
russian_word: палатализовать
example: the sound is palatalized in some dialects
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpalətəlʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpalətəlʌɪz
definition:
make (a speech sound) palatal, especially by changing a velar to a palatal by moving the point of contact between tongue and palate further forward in the mouth.


word: PALATE
russian_word: небо
example: a fine range of drink for sophisticated palates
synonyms: roof of the mouth|hard palate|soft palate
origin: late Middle English: from Latin palatum .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalət
phonetics_text: ˈpalət
definition:
the roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose in vertebrates.|a person's ability to distinguish between and appreciate different flavours.


word: PALATIAL
russian_word: роскошный
example: her palatial apartment in Mayfair
definition: resembling a palace in being spacious and splendid.
antonyms: humble|modest
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin palatium ‘palace’ (see palace) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈleɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈleɪʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
luxurious|deluxe|magnificent|sumptuous|splendid|grand|opulent|lavishly appointed|lavish|lush|grandiose|rich|imposing|impressive|fine|stately|regal|majestic|fancy|upmarket|exclusive|spacious|large-scale|plush|plushy|swanky|posh|ritzy|swish|palatian


word: PALAVER
russian_word: пустая болтовня
example: there's a lot of palaver involved
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈlɑːvə
phonetics_text: pəˈlɑːvə
definition:
unnecessarily elaborate or complex procedure.|an improvised conference between two groups, typically those without a shared language or culture.

origin:
mid 18th century (in the sense ‘a talk between tribespeople and traders’): from Portuguese palavra ‘word’, from Latin parabola ‘comparison’ (see parable).


word: PALE
russian_word: бледный
example: choose pale floral patterns for walls|the new cheese is a pale imitation of continental cheeses
definition: light in colour or shade; containing little colour or pigment.|inferior or unimpressive.
origin: Middle English: from Old French pale, from Latin pallidus ; the verb is from Old French palir .
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: peɪl
phonetics_text: peɪl
synonyms:
light|light-coloured|pastel|neutral|light-toned|muted|subtle|soft|low-key|restrained|faded|bleached|dusty|whitish|washed out|insipid


word: PALEFACE
russian_word: бледнолицый
definition: a white person (used in fictional representations of the speech of North American Indians).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪlfeɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪlfeɪs
origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘person whose face is pale as a result of fear or shock’): the sense ‘white person’ dates from the early 19th century and was popularized by American writers such as James Fenimore Cooper (see Cooper, James Fenimore).


word: PALFREY
russian_word: верховая лошадь
definition: a docile horse used for ordinary riding, especially by women.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːlfri
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːlfri|ˈpalfri
origin:
Middle English: from Old French palefrei, from medieval Latin palefredus, alteration of late Latin paraveredus, from Greek para ‘beside, extra’ + Latin veredus ‘light horse’.


word: PALIMPSEST
russian_word: палимпсест
origin: mid 17th century: via Latin from Greek palimpsēstos, from palin ‘again’ + psēstos ‘rubbed smooth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪm(p)sɛst
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪm(p)sɛst
definition:
a manuscript or piece of writing material on which later writing has been superimposed on effaced earlier writing.


word: PALINDROME
russian_word: палиндром
definition: a word, phrase, or sequence that reads the same backwards as forwards, e.g. madam or nurses run.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪndrəʊm
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪndrəʊm
origin:
early 17th century: from Greek palindromos ‘running back again’, from palin ‘again’ + drom- (from dramein ‘to run’).


word: PALISADE
russian_word: частокол
example: at this time fortifications consisted mainly of earth banks and wooden palisades
synonyms: fence|paling|enclosure|defence|barricade|stockade|fortification|bulwark
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌpalɪˈseɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpalɪˈseɪd
definition:
a fence of wooden stakes or iron railings fixed in the ground, forming an enclosure or defence.|a line of high cliffs.

origin:
early 17th century: from French palissade, from Provençal palissada, from palissa ‘paling’, based on Latin palus ‘stake’.


word: PALL
russian_word: покров
example: a pall of black smoke hung over the quarry
synonyms: funeral cloth|coffin covering
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːl
phonetics_text: pɔːl
definition:
a cloth spread over a coffin, hearse, or tomb.|a dark cloud of smoke, dust, etc.|an ecclesiastical pallium.

origin:
Old English pæll  ‘rich (purple) cloth’, ‘cloth cover for a chalice’, from Latin pallium ‘covering, cloak’.


word: PALLADIUM
russian_word: палладий
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 46, a rare silvery-white metal resembling platinum.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈleɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: pəˈleɪdɪəm
origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Pallas, the name given to an asteroid discovered just before the element (see Pallas).


word: PALLIAL
russian_word: Мантийное
definition: relating to the pallium or mantle of a mollusc or brachiopod.|relating to the pallium of the brain.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpalɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪəl
example:
the eggs remain in the pallial cavity of the female|the pallial areas of a fish's brain are involved in distinct learning functions


word: PALLIATE
russian_word: облегчать
example: treatment works by palliating symptoms|there is no way to excuse or palliate his dirty deed
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpalɪeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪeɪt
definition:
make (a disease or its symptoms) less severe without removing the cause.|disguise the seriousness of (an offence).

synonyms:
alleviate|ease|relieve|soothe|take the edge off|assuage|allay|dull|soften|lessen|moderate|temper|mitigate|diminish|decrease|blunt|deaden|abate|lenify

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin palliat- ‘cloaked’, from the verb palliare, from pallium ‘cloak’.


word: PALLIATIVE
russian_word: паллиативный
example: orthodox medicines tend to be palliative rather than curative
definition: (of a medicine or medical care) relieving pain without dealing with the cause of the condition.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪətɪv
synonyms:
soothing|alleviating|sedative|calmative|calming|alleviative|alleviatory|lenitive|demulcent|assuasive|mitigatory|mitigative|paregoric

origin:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from French palliatif, -ive or medieval Latin palliativus, from the verb palliare ‘to cloak’ (see palliate).


word: PALLID
russian_word: бледный
example: his face, with its wrinkled, pallid complexion|a pallid ray of winter sun
definition: (of a person's face) pale, typically because of poor health.|lacking vigour or intensity; insipid.
antonyms: flushed|rosy
origin: late 16th century: from Latin pallidus ‘pale’ (related to pallere ‘be pale’).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpalɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪd
synonyms:
pale|white|pasty|pasty-faced|wan|colourless|anaemic|bloodless|washed out|peaky|peakish|peaked|whey-faced|ashen|ashen-faced|ashy|chalky|chalk white|grey|whitish|white-faced|waxen|waxy|blanched|drained|pinched|green|ghastly|sickly|sallow|deathly pale|cadaverous|corpse-like|like death warmed up|peely-wally|etiolated|lymphatic


word: PALLIUM
russian_word: плащ
origin: Middle English: from Latin, literally ‘covering’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈpalɪəm
definition:
a woollen vestment conferred by the Pope on an archbishop, consisting of a narrow circular band placed round the shoulders with a short lappet hanging from front and back.|a man's large rectangular cloak, especially as worn by Greek philosophical and religious teachers.|the mantle of a mollusc or brachiopod.|the cerebral cortex, especially of a mammal.


word: PALLOR
russian_word: бледность
example: the deathlike pallor of his face
definition: an unhealthy pale appearance.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin, from pallere ‘be pale’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpalə
phonetics_text: ˈpalə
synonyms:
paleness|pallidness|lack of colour|whiteness|colourlessness|wanness|ashen hue|pastiness|peakiness|greyness|sickliness|sallowness|etiolation


word: PALLY
russian_word: общительный
example: I see you're getting quite pally with Carlos
definition: having a close, friendly relationship.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpali
phonetics_text: ˈpali
synonyms:
friendly|on good terms|close|familiar|affectionate|intimate|as thick as thieves|thick|matey|buddy-buddy|palsy-walsy|chummy


word: PALM
russian_word: пальма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːm
phonetics_text: pɑːm
definition:
an unbranched evergreen tree of tropical and warm regions, with a crown of very long feathered or fan-shaped leaves, and typically having old leaf scars forming a regular pattern on the trunk.

origin:
Old English palm(a), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch palm and German Palme, from Latin palma ‘palm (of a hand)’, its leaf being likened to a spread hand.


word: PALMATE
russian_word: пальчатый
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin palmatus, from palma ‘palm’ (see palm2).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpalmeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpalmeɪt
definition:
(of a leaf) having five or more lobes whose midribs all radiate from one point.|(of an antler) in which the angles between the tines are partly filled in to form a broad flat surface, as in fallow deer and moose.


word: PALM
russian_word: пальма
example: he would spin wild tales while palming your wristwatch|Jason palmed the ball out of danger
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɑːm
phonetics_text: pɑːm
definition:
conceal (a small object) in the hand, especially as part of a trick or theft.|(of a goalkeeper) deflect (the ball) with the palm of the hand.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French paume, from Latin palma . Current senses of the verb date from the late 17th century.


word: PALMER
russian_word: паломник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːmə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːmə
definition:
a pilgrim, especially one who had returned from the Holy Land with a palm branch or leaf as a sign of having undertaken the pilgrimage.|a hairy artificial fly used in angling.

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from medieval Latin palmarius ‘pilgrim’, from Latin palma ‘palm’.


word: PALMETTO
russian_word: пальметто
definition: a fan palm, especially one of a number occurring from the southern US to northern South America.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: palˈmɛtəʊ
phonetics_text: palˈmɛtəʊ
origin:
mid 16th century: from Spanish palmito, literally ‘small palm’, diminutive of palma, assimilated to Italian words ending in -etto .


word: PALMISTRY
russian_word: хиромантия
synonyms: fortune telling|palm-reading|clairvoyancy|chiromancy|chirosophy|chirognomy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːmɪstri
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːmɪstri
definition:
the art or practice of supposedly interpreting a person's character or predicting their future by examining the palm of their hand.

origin:
late Middle English: from palm2 + -estry (of unknown origin), later altered to -istry, perhaps on the pattern of sophistry .


word: PALM OFF
russian_word: сбывать
synonyms: foist|fob off|offload|get rid of|dispose of|unload
example:
unscrupulous businessmen may palm off their property to the buyers without proper papers|most sellers are palmed off with a fraction of what something is worth

definition:
sell or dispose of something by misrepresentation or fraud.|persuade someone to accept something by deception.


word: PALMY
russian_word: пальмовый
example: the palmy days of the 1970s|a conference centre set among palmy trails
definition: (especially of a previous period) flourishing or successful.|covered with palms.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɑːmi
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːmi
synonyms:
happy|fortunate|glorious|prosperous|halcyon|golden|flourishing|successful|thriving|rosy|roaring|booming|triumphant


word: PALMYRA
russian_word: пальма пальмирская
definition: an Asian fan palm which yields a wide range of useful products, including timber, fibre, and fruit.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: palˈmʌɪrə
phonetics_text: palˈmʌɪrə
origin:
late 17th century: from Portuguese palmeira ‘palm tree’. The change in the ending was due to association with the name of the city of Palmyra.


word: PALOMINO
russian_word: Паломино
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpaləˈmiːnəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌpaləˈmiːnəʊ
definition:
a pale golden or tan-coloured horse or pony with a white mane and tail, originally bred in the south-western US.|a variety of white grape used to make sherry and fortified wines.

origin:
early 20th century: from Latin American Spanish, from Spanish palomino ‘young pigeon’, from Latin palumbinus ‘resembling a dove’.


word: PALP
russian_word: щупальце
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin palpus, from palpare ‘to feel’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: palp
phonetics_text: palp
definition:
each of a pair of elongated segmented appendages near the mouth of an arthropod, usually concerned with the senses of touch and taste.


word: PALPABLE
russian_word: осязаемый
example: a palpable sense of loss|the palpable bump at the bridge of the nose
definition: (of a feeling or atmosphere) so intense as to seem almost tangible.|able to be touched or felt.
antonyms: intangible|imperceptible
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin palpabilis, from Latin palpare ‘feel, touch gently’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpalpəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpalpəb(ə)l
synonyms:
perceptible|perceivable|visible|noticeable|appreciable|discernible|detectable|observable|tangible|recognizable|notable|unmistakable|transparent|indisputable|self-evident|incontrovertible|incontestable|undeniable|obvious|clear|plain|plain to see|evident|apparent|manifest|patent|marked|conspicuous|pronounced|striking|distinct|as plain as a pikestaff|standing/sticking out a mile|right under one's nose|staring one in the face|writ large|beyond doubt|beyond question|written all over someone|as clear as day|blinding|inescapable|overt|open|undisguised|unconcealed|glaring|blatant|flagrant|barefaced|gross|stark


word: PALPATE
russian_word: ощупывать
example: the skin of the lower neck must be palpated for cysts and infection
definition: examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: palˈpeɪt
phonetics_text: palˈpeɪt
origin:
mid 19th century (earlier (late 15th century) as palpation ): from Latin palpat- ‘touched gently’, from the verb palpare .


word: PALPITATE
russian_word: трепетать
example: his heart was palpitating and his palms sweated
definition: (of the heart) beat rapidly, strongly, or irregularly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpalpɪteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpalpɪteɪt
synonyms:
beat rapidly|pound|throb|pulsate|pulse|thud|thump|hammer|flutter|pitter-patter|go pit-a-pat|quiver|pump|race|pant|thrill|quop

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin palpitat- ‘patted’, from the verb palpitare, frequentative of palpare ‘touch gently’.


word: PALSTAVE
russian_word: пальстаб
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːlsteɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːlsteɪv
definition:
a type of chisel, typically made of bronze, which is shaped to fit into a split handle rather than having a socket for the handle.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Danish paalstav, from Old Norse pálstavr, from páll ‘hoe’ (compare with Latin palus ‘stake’) + stafr ‘staff’.


word: PALTER
russian_word: кривить душой
definition: equivocate or prevaricate in action or speech.|trifle with.
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense ‘mumble or babble’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɔːltə
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːltə|ˈpɒltə
example:
if you palter or double in your answers, I will have thee hung alive in an iron chain|this great work should not be paltered with


word: PALTRY
russian_word: ничтожный
example: she would earn a paltry £33 more a month
definition: (of an amount) very small or meagre.
antonyms: considerable|substantial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔːltri
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːltri|ˈpɒltri
synonyms:
small|meagre|trifling|insignificant|negligible|inadequate|insufficient|scant|scanty|derisory|pitiful|pitiable|pathetic|miserable|sorry|wretched|puny|trivial|niggardly|beggarly|mean|ungenerous|inappreciable|mere|measly|piddling|piffling|mingy|dinky|poxy|exiguous

origin:
mid 16th century: apparently based on dialect pelt  ‘rubbish, especially rags’; compare with Low German paltrig ‘ragged’.


word: PALYNOLOGY
russian_word: палинология
origin: 1940s: from Greek palunein ‘sprinkle’ + -logy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpalɪˈnɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌpalɪˈnɒlədʒi
definition:
the study of pollen grains and other spores, especially as found in archaeological or geological deposits. Pollen extracted from such deposits may be used for radiocarbon dating and for studying past climates and environments by identifying plants then growing.


word: PAMPER
russian_word: баловать
example: famous people just love being pampered
definition: indulge with every attention, comfort, and kindness; spoil.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpampə
phonetics_text: ˈpampə
synonyms:
spoil|indulge|overindulge|cosset|mollycoddle|coddle|baby|pet|wait on someone hand and foot|cater to someone's every whim|overparent|humour|pander to|wrap in cotton wool|feather-bed|cocker

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘cram with food’): probably of Low German or Dutch origin; compare with German dialect pampfen ‘cram, gorge’; perhaps related to pap1.


word: PAMPERO
russian_word: памперо
origin: late 18th century: from Spanish pampas ‘plain’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pamˈpɛːrəʊ
phonetics_text: pamˈpɛːrəʊ
definition:
a strong, cold south-westerly wind in South America, blowing from the Andes across the pampas towards the Atlantic.


word: PAMPHLET
russian_word: брошюра
example: he published a spate of pamphlets on the subjects about which he felt strongly
definition: a small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments about a single subject.
synonyms: brochure|leaflet|booklet|circular|flyer|handbill|handout|bill|notice|tract|mailer|folder|dodger
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpamflɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpamflɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Pamphilet, the familiar name of the 12th-century Latin love poem Pamphilus, seu de Amore .


word: PAN
russian_word: панорамирования
example: heat the olive oil in a heavy pan|heavy spikes can be useful in breaking a surface pan in grassland
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pan
phonetics_text: pan
definition:
a metal container used for cooking food in.|a hollow in the ground in which water may collect or in which a deposit of salt remains after water has evaporated.|a hard stratum of compacted soil.|a person's face.

synonyms:
saucepan|frying pan|pot|casserole|wok|skillet|bain-marie|fish kettle|pressure cooker|poacher|chafing dish|container|cooking utensil|karahi

origin:
Old English panne, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch pan, German Pfanne, perhaps based on Latin patina ‘dish’.


word: PANACEA
russian_word: панацея
example: the panacea for all corporate ills
definition: a solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpanəˈsiːə
phonetics_text: ˌpanəˈsiːə
synonyms:
universal cure|cure-all|cure for all ills|universal remedy|sovereign remedy|heal-all|nostrum|elixir|wonder drug|perfect solution|magic formula|magic bullet|catholicon|diacatholicon|panpharmacon

origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek panakeia, from panakēs ‘all-healing’, from pan ‘all’ + akos ‘remedy’.


word: PANACHE
russian_word: рисовка
example: he entertained London society with great panache
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈnaʃ
phonetics_text: pəˈnaʃ
definition:
flamboyant confidence of style or manner.|a tuft or plume of feathers, especially as a headdress or on a helmet.

synonyms:
flamboyant confidence|flamboyance|confidence|self-assurance|style|stylishness|flair|elan|dash|flourish|verve|zest|spirit|brio|éclat|vivacity|vigour|gusto|animation|liveliness|vitality|enthusiasm|energy|pizzazz|oomph|zip|zing

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, from Italian pennacchio, from late Latin pinnaculum, diminutive of pinna ‘feather’.


word: PANAMA
russian_word: Панама
origin: mid 19th century: named after the country of Panama.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanəmɑː
phonetics_text: ˈpanəmɑː|ˌpanəˈmɑː
definition:
a wide-brimmed hat of strawlike material, originally made from the leaves of a particular tropical palm tree, worn chiefly by men.


word: PANATELLA
russian_word: длинная тонкая сигара
definition: a long thin cigar.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpanəˈtɛlə
phonetics_text: ˌpanəˈtɛlə
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin American Spanish panatela, denoting a long thin biscuit, from Italian panatello ‘small loaf’, diminutive of panata .


word: PANCAKE
russian_word: блин
example: crispy pancakes filled with cheese
origin: late Middle English: from pan1 + cake.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpankeɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpankeɪk
definition:
a thin, flat cake of batter, fried on both sides in a pan and typically rolled up with a sweet or savoury filling.|make-up consisting of a flat solid layer of compressed powder, used especially in the theatre.

synonyms:
crêpe|drop scone|galette|waffle|griddle cake|batter cake|flannel cake|flapjack|slapjack|blini|tortilla|tostada|chapatti|dosa|latke|blintze


word: PANCHAYAT
russian_word: панчаятов
definition: a village council.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌnˈtʃʌɪjət
phonetics_text: pʌnˈtʃʌɪjət
origin:
from Hindi (originally denoting a council consisting of five members), from Sanskrit panca ‘five’ + āyatta ‘depending upon’.


word: PANCREAS
russian_word: поджелудочная железа
origin: late 16th century: modern Latin, from Greek pankreas, from pan ‘all’ + kreas ‘flesh’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpaŋkrɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈpaŋkrɪəs
definition:
a large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.


word: PANDA
russian_word: панда
origin: mid 19th century: apparently from a local language of Nepal.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpandə
phonetics_text: ˈpandə
definition:
a large bearlike mammal with characteristic black and white markings, native to certain mountain forests in China. It feeds almost entirely on bamboo and has become increasingly rare.


word: PANDANUS
russian_word: похожее на пальму)
origin: modern Latin, from Malay pandan .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈdeɪnəs
phonetics_text: panˈdeɪnəs|panˈdanəs
definition:
a tropical tree or shrub with a twisted and branched stem, stilt roots, spiral tufts of long, narrow spiny leaves, and fibrous edible fruit.


word: PANDECT
russian_word: свод законов
definition: a complete body of the laws of a country.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpandɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈpandɛkt
origin:
mid 16th century: from French pandecte, from Latin pandecta, from Greek pandektēs ‘all-receiver’, from pan ‘all’ + dektēs (from dekhesthai ‘receive’).


word: PANDEMONIUM
russian_word: столпотворение
example: there was complete pandemonium—everyone just panicked
definition: wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.
antonyms: silence|peace
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpandɪˈməʊnɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpandɪˈməʊnɪəm
synonyms:
bedlam|chaos|mayhem|uproar|madness|havoc|turmoil|tumult|commotion|confusion|disorder|anarchy|furore|frenzy|clamour|din|hubbub|hue and cry|babel|rumpus|fracas|hurly-burly|maelstrom|bangarang|hullabaloo|all hell breaking loose|madhouse

origin:
mid 17th century: modern Latin (denoting the place of all demons, in Milton's Paradise Lost ), from pan- ‘all’ + Greek daimōn ‘demon’.


word: PANDER
russian_word: потворствовать
example: newspapers are pandering to people's baser instincts
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpandə
phonetics_text: ˈpandə
definition:
gratify or indulge (an immoral or distasteful desire or taste or a person with such a desire or taste).

synonyms:
indulge|gratify|satisfy|cater to|give in to|fulfil|yield to|bow to|humour|please|accommodate|comply with|go along with

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Pandare, the name of a character in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde (see Pandarus). The verb dates from the early 17th century.


word: PANDIT
russian_word: ученый муж
example: the pandit chants the marriage mantras
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpandɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpandɪt
definition:
a Hindu scholar learned in Sanskrit and Hindu philosophy and religion, typically also a practising priest.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Sanskrit paṇḍita ‘learned man’, use as noun of paṇḍita ‘learned, skilled’; the same word as pundit.


word: PANDORA
russian_word: бандура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈdɔːrə
phonetics_text: panˈdɔːrə
definition:
a burrowing bivalve mollusc with a fragile shell, the unequal valves of which form a ‘box’ with a lid.

origin:
modern Latin, from Greek pandoura ‘three-stringed lute’ (because of the shell's resemblance to the soundbox of a stringed instrument).


word: PANE
russian_word: панель
definition: a single sheet of glass in a window or door.|a sheet or page of stamps.
synonyms: sheet of glass|panel|windowpane
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: peɪn
phonetics_text: peɪn
origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a piece of something, such as a fence or strip of cloth): from Old French pan, from Latin pannus ‘piece of cloth’.


word: PANEGYRIC
russian_word: панегирик
example: a panegyric on the pleasures of malt whisky
definition: a public speech or published text in praise of someone or something.
synonyms: eulogy|speech of praise|paean|accolade|tribute|testimonial|commendation|acclamation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpanɪˈdʒɪrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpanɪˈdʒɪrɪk
origin:
early 17th century: from French panégyrique, via Latin from Greek panēgurikos ‘of public assembly’, from pan ‘all’ + aguris ‘agora, assembly’.


word: PANEL
russian_word: панель
synonyms: console|instrument panel|fascia|board|dashboard|instruments|controls|dials
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpan(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpan(ə)l
example:
a layer of insulating material should be placed between the panels and the wall|a control panel|an interview panel

definition:
a flat or curved component, typically rectangular, that forms or is set into the surface of a door, wall, or ceiling.|a flat board on which instruments or controls are fixed.|a small group of people brought together to investigate or decide on a particular matter.|a person or people charged with an offence.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘piece of cloth’, based on Latin pannus ‘(piece of) cloth’. The early sense ‘piece of parchment’ was extended to mean ‘list’, whence the notion ‘advisory group’. panel (sense 1 of the noun) derives from the late Middle English sense ‘distinct section of a surface’.


word: PANG
russian_word: острая боль
example: Lindsey experienced a sharp pang of guilt
definition: a sudden sharp pain or painful emotion.
origin: late 15th century: perhaps an alteration of prong.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: paŋ
phonetics_text: paŋ
synonyms:
pain|sharp pain|shooting pain|twinge|stab|spasm|ache|cramp|qualm|misgiving|scruple|prick|dart|twitch|gnawing


word: PANGOLIN
russian_word: ящер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: paŋˈɡə(ʊ)lɪn
phonetics_text: paŋˈɡə(ʊ)lɪn
definition:
an African and Asian mammal that has a body covered with horny overlapping scales, a small head with an elongated snout, a long sticky tongue for catching ants and termites, and a tapering tail.

origin:
late 18th century: from Malay peng-guling, literally ‘roller’ (from its habit of rolling into a ball).


word: PANIC
russian_word: паника
example: she hit him in panic
definition: sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety, often causing wildly unthinking behaviour.
antonyms: calm|calmness
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpanɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpanɪk
synonyms:
alarm|anxiety|nervousness|fear|fright|trepidation|dread|terror|horror|agitation|hysteria|consternation|perturbation|dismay|disquiet|apprehension|apprehensiveness|flap|fluster|state|cold sweat|funk|tizzy|tizz|swivet

origin:
early 17th century: from French panique, from modern Latin panicus, from Greek panikos, from the name of the god Pan, noted for causing terror, to whom woodland noises were attributed.


word: PANIC-STRICKEN
russian_word: одичалый
example: the panic-stricken victims rushed out of their blazing homes
definition: affected with panic; very frightened.
antonyms: calm|relaxed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpanɪkstrɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpanɪkstrɪk(ə)n
synonyms:
alarmed|frightened|scared|scared stiff|frightened/scared to death|terrified|terror-stricken|terror-struck|petrified|horrified|horror-stricken|horror-struck|fearful|afraid|aghast|panicky|panic-struck|frenzied|frantic|in a frenzy|nervous|agitated|hysterical|beside oneself|perturbed|dismayed|disquieted|worked up|overwrought|in a cold sweat|in a (blue) funk|in a flap|in a fluster|in a state|in a tizzy/tizz|jumpy|jittery|in a flat spin|funky|frit


word: PANJANDRUM
russian_word: важная персона
example: the greatest scientific panjandrum of the 19th century
definition: a person who has or claims to have a great deal of authority or influence.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈdʒandrəm
phonetics_text: panˈdʒandrəm
origin:
late 19th century: from Grand Panjandrum, an invented phrase in a nonsense verse (1755) by S. Foote.


word: PANNAGE
russian_word: плодокорм
definition: the right of feeding pigs or other animals in a wood.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpanɪdʒ
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pasnage, from medieval Latin pastionaticum, from pastio(n- ) ‘pasturing’, from the verb pascere ‘to feed’.


word: PANNIER
russian_word: кринолин
origin: Middle English: from Old French panier, from Latin panarium ‘bread basket’, from panis ‘bread’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanɪə
phonetics_text: ˈpanɪə
definition:
a basket, especially one of a pair carried by a beast of burden.|part of a skirt looped up round the hips.


word: PANNUS
russian_word: паннуса
origin: late Middle English: perhaps from Latin, literally ‘cloth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanəs
phonetics_text: ˈpanəs
definition:
a condition in which a layer of vascular fibrous tissue extends over the surface of an organ or other specialized anatomical structure, especially the cornea.


word: PANOPLY
russian_word: доспехи
example: a deliciously inventive panoply of insults
definition: an extensive or impressive collection.
synonyms: array|range|collection
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanəpli
phonetics_text: ˈpanəpli
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘complete protection for spiritual warfare’, often with biblical allusion to Eph. 6:11, 13): from French panoplie or modern Latin panoplia ‘full armour’, from Greek, from pan ‘all’ + hopla ‘arms’.


word: PANOPTICON
russian_word: паноптикум
origin: mid 18th century: from pan- ‘all’ + Greek optikon, neuter of optikos ‘optic’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈɒptɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: panˈɒptɪk(ə)n
definition:
a circular prison with cells arranged around a central well, from which prisoners could at all times be observed.


word: PANORAMA
russian_word: панорама
example: the tower offers a wonderful panorama of Prague
definition: an unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.
origin: late 18th century: from pan- ‘all’ + Greek horama ‘view’ (from horan ‘see’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panəˈrɑːmə
phonetics_text: panəˈrɑːmə
synonyms:
view|vista|wide view|aerial view|bird's-eye view|scenic view|prospect|perspective|outlook|aspect|scene|scenery|landscape|seascape


word: PANORAMIC
russian_word: панорамный
example: on a clear day there are panoramic views
definition: (of a view or picture) with a wide view surrounding the observer; sweeping.
antonyms: restricted|narrow|limited
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpanəˈramɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpanəˈramɪk
synonyms:
sweeping|wide|extensive|bird's-eye|scenic|commanding|wide-ranging|broad|far-reaching|overall|comprehensive|all-encompassing|all-embracing|inclusive|general


word: PANPSYCHISM
russian_word: панпсихизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈsʌɪkɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: panˈsʌɪkɪz(ə)m
definition:
the doctrine or belief that everything material, however small, has an element of individual consciousness.


word: PANSPERMIA
russian_word: панспермия
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek, from panspermos ‘containing all kinds of seed’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈspəːmɪə
phonetics_text: panˈspəːmɪə
definition:
the theory that life on the earth originated from microorganisms or chemical precursors of life present in outer space and able to initiate life on reaching a suitable environment.


word: PANSY
russian_word: анютины глазки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanzi
phonetics_text: ˈpanzi
definition:
a cultivated variety of viola with brightly coloured flowers.|an effeminate or gay man.|a sand dollar with a purple marking on the shell that resembles a flower.

origin:
late Middle English: from French pensée ‘thought, pansy’, from penser ‘think’, from Latin pensare, frequentative of pendere ‘weigh, consider’.


word: PANT
russian_word: тяжелое дыхание
example: he was panting when he reached the top|the opening song makes you pant for more
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pant
phonetics_text: pant
definition:
breathe with short, quick breaths, typically from exertion or excitement.|long for or to do something.

synonyms:
breathe heavily|breathe hard|breathe quickly|puff|huff and puff|puff and blow|gasp|wheeze|heave|blow|out of breath|breathless|short of breath|puffed out|puffing|huffing and puffing|puffing and blowing|gasping|gasping for breath|wheezing|wheezy|winded|short-winded|out of puff

origin:
Middle English: related to Old French pantaisier ‘be agitated, gasp’, based on Greek phantasioun ‘cause to imagine’, from phantasia (see fantasy).


word: PANTALETTES
russian_word: женские спортивные брюки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pantəˈlɛts
phonetics_text: pantəˈlɛts
definition:
long underpants with a frill at the bottom of each leg, worn by women and girls in the 19th century.


word: PANTALOON
russian_word: Панталоне
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pantəˈluːn
phonetics_text: pantəˈluːn
definition:
women's baggy trousers gathered at the ankles.|a Venetian character in Italian commedia dell'arte represented as a foolish old man wearing pantaloons.

origin:
late 16th century (in pantaloon (sense 2)): from French pantalon, from the Italian name Pantalone ‘Pantaloon’.


word: PANTECHNICON
russian_word: склад для хранения мебели
definition: a large van for transporting furniture.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: panˈtɛknɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: panˈtɛknɪk(ə)n
origin:
mid 19th century: from pan- ‘all’ + tekhnikon ‘piece of art’, originally the name of a bazaar in London for all kinds of artistic work, later converted into a furniture warehouse.


word: PANTHEISM
russian_word: пантеизм
origin: mid 18th century: from pan- ‘all’ + Greek theos ‘god’ + -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanθiːɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpanθiːɪz(ə)m
definition:
a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God.|the worship or tolerance of many gods.


word: PANTHEON
russian_word: пантеон
example: the pantheon of the all-time greats|the deities of the Hindu pantheon
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanθɪən
phonetics_text: ˈpanθɪən
definition:
a group of particularly respected, famous, or important people.|all the gods of a people or religion collectively.

origin:
late Middle English (referring especially to the Pantheon, a large circular temple in Rome): via Latin from Greek pantheion, from pan ‘all’ + theion ‘holy’ (from theos ‘god’).


word: PANTHER
russian_word: пантера
definition: a leopard, especially a black one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpanθə
phonetics_text: ˈpanθə
origin:
Middle English: from Old French pantere, from Latin panthera, from Greek panthēr . In Latin, pardus ‘leopard’ also existed; the two terms led to confusion: until the mid 19th century many taxonomists regarded the panther and the leopard as separate species.


word: PANTOGRAPH
russian_word: пантограф
origin: early 18th century: from panto- ‘all, universal’ + Greek -graphos ‘writing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpantəɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈpantəɡrɑːf
definition:
an instrument for copying a plan or drawing on a different scale by a system of hinged and jointed rods.|a jointed framework conveying a current to a train, tram, or other electric vehicle from overhead wires.


word: PANTOMIME
russian_word: пантомима
example: a pantomime villain|he made a pantomime of checking his watch
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpantəmʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈpantəmʌɪm
definition:
a theatrical entertainment, mainly for children, which involves music, topical jokes, and slapstick comedy and is based on a fairy tale or nursery story, usually produced around Christmas.|a dramatic entertainment, originating in Roman mime, in which performers express meaning through gestures accompanied by music.|an absurdly exaggerated piece of behaviour.

origin:
late 16th century (first used in the Latin form and denoting an actor using mime): from French pantomime or Latin pantomimus, from Greek pantomimos ‘imitator of all’ (see panto-, mime).


word: PANTRY
russian_word: кладовая
definition: a small room or cupboard in which food, crockery, and cutlery are kept.
synonyms: larder|storage room|store|storeroom|buttery|butlery|still room|spence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpantri
phonetics_text: ˈpantri
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French panterie, from paneter ‘baker’, based on late Latin panarius ‘bread seller’, from Latin panis ‘bread’.


word: PANTS
russian_word: брюки
example: corduroy pants|he thought we were going to be absolute pants
definition: underpants or knickers.|trousers.|rubbish; nonsense.
origin: mid 19th century: abbreviation of pantaloons (see pantaloon).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pan(t)s
phonetics_text: pan(t)s
synonyms:
underpants|briefs|boxer shorts|boxers|long johns|bikini briefs|G-string|thong|knickers|Y-fronts|tanga briefs|French knickers|camiknickers|shorts|undershorts|panties|undies|frillies|kecks|smalls|drawers|bloomers|step-ins|pantalettes|Directoire drawers


word: PANTYWAIST
russian_word: неженка
definition: a feeble or effeminate man.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpantɪwɛɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpantɪwɛɪst
origin:
1930s: extended use of the term's literal sense ‘child's garment consisting of panties attached to a bodice’.


word: PAP
russian_word: пюре
example: a trayful of tasteless pap|limitless channels serving up an undemanding diet of pap
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pap
phonetics_text: pap
definition:
bland soft or semi-liquid food such as that suitable for babies or invalids.|worthless or trivial reading matter or entertainment.

synonyms:
soft food|mush|semi-liquid food|baby food|slop|slush|swill|pulp|puree|mash|paste|goo|gloop|gook|glop

origin:
late Middle English: probably from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch pappe, probably based on Latin pappare ‘eat’.


word: PAPAIN
russian_word: папаин
origin: late 19th century: from papaya + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈpeɪɪn
phonetics_text: pəˈpeɪɪn|pəˈpʌɪɪn
definition:
a protein-digesting enzyme obtained from unripe papaya fruit, used to tenderize meat and as a food supplement to aid digestion.


word: PAPAL
russian_word: папский
example: a papal visit
definition: relating to a pope or to the papacy.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪp(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin papalis, from ecclesiastical Latin papa ‘bishop (of Rome)’.


word: PAPAYA
russian_word: папайя
origin: late 16th century: from Spanish and Portuguese (see pawpaw).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈpʌɪə
phonetics_text: pəˈpʌɪə
definition:
a tropical fruit shaped like an elongated melon, with edible orange flesh and small black seeds.|the fast-growing tree which bears the papaya, native to warm regions of America. It is widely cultivated for its fruit, both for eating and for papain production.


word: PAPER
russian_word: бумага
synonyms: writing paper|notepaper|wrapper|wrapping
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpeɪpə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪpə
example:
a sheet of paper|he riffled through the papers on his desk|we had to sit a three-hour paper|he published a highly original paper on pattern formation

definition:
material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or other fibrous substances, used for writing, drawing, or printing on, or as wrapping material.|a sheet of paper with something written or printed on it.|a set of examination questions to be answered at one session.|an essay or dissertation, especially one read at an academic lecture or seminar or published in an academic journal.|free passes of admission to a theatre or other entertainment.

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French papir, from Latin papyrus ‘paper-reed’ (see papyrus). The verb dates from the late 16th century.


word: PAPERLESS
russian_word: безбумажный
example: several of the utilities companies have switched to paperless billing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪpələs
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪpələs
definition:
relating to or involving the storage or communication of information in electronic form, rather than on paper.|(of a person) lacking official documentation or evidence of identity.


word: PAPERY
russian_word: бумагообразный
example: papery onion skins
definition: thin and dry like paper.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪp(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪp(ə)ri
synonyms:
thin|paper-thin|gossamer-thin|ultra-thin|flimsy|delicate|insubstantial|fragile|frail|light|lightweight|papyraceous|chartaceous


word: PAPILIONACEOUS
russian_word: мотыльковый
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˌpɪlɪəˈneɪʃəs
phonetics_text: pəˌpɪlɪəˈneɪʃəs
definition:
relating to or denoting leguminous plants of a group (subfamily Papilionoideae or family Papilionaceae ) with flowers that resemble a butterfly.

origin:
mid 17th century: from modern Latin Papilionaceae (plural), based on Latin papilio ‘butterfly’, + -ous.


word: PAPILLOMA
russian_word: папиллома
origin: mid 19th century: from papilla + -oma.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpapɪˈləʊmə
phonetics_text: ˌpapɪˈləʊmə
definition:
a small wartlike growth on the skin or on a mucous membrane, derived from the epidermis and usually benign.


word: PAPIST
russian_word: папист
definition: a Roman Catholic.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpeɪpɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪpɪst
origin:
mid 16th century: from French papiste or modern Latin papista, from ecclesiastical Latin papa ‘bishop (of Rome)’.


word: PAPPUS
russian_word: хохолок
origin: early 18th century: via Latin from Greek pappos .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpapəs
phonetics_text: ˈpapəs
definition:
the tuft of hairs on each seed of thistles, dandelions, and similar plants, which assists dispersal by the wind.


word: PAPRIKA
russian_word: паприка
origin: late 19th century: from Hungarian.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpaprɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpaprɪkə|pəˈpriːkə
definition:
a powdered spice with a deep orange-red colour and a mildly pungent flavour, made from the dried and ground fruits of certain varieties of pepper.


word: PAPYRUS
russian_word: папирус
example: the text was preserved, probably on papyrus
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈpʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: pəˈpʌɪrəs
definition:
a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making articles such as rope.|the tall aquatic sedge from which papyrus is obtained, native to central Africa and the Nile valley.

origin:
late Middle English (in papyrus (sense 2)): via Latin from Greek papuros . Sense 1 dates from the early 18th century.


word: PAR
russian_word: паритет
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɑː
phonetics_text: pɑː
example:
Woosnam had advanced from his overnight position of three under par|the 9 per cent unsecured loan stock is redeemable at par

definition:
the number of strokes a first-class player should normally require for a particular hole or course.|the face value of a share or other security, as distinct from its market value.

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘equality of value or standing’): from Latin, ‘equal’, also ‘equality’. The golf term dates from the late 19th century.


word: PARABIOSIS
russian_word: парабиоз
definition: the anatomical joining of two individuals, especially artificially in physiological research.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəbʌɪˈəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌparəbʌɪˈəʊsɪs
origin:
early 20th century: modern Latin, from para-1 ‘beside, distinct from’ + Greek biōsis ‘mode of life’ (from bios ‘life’).


word: PARABLE
russian_word: притча
example: the parable of the blind men and the elephant
definition: a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.
synonyms: allegory|moral story|moral tale|fable|lesson|exemplum|Haggadah|apologue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈparəb(ə)l
origin:
Middle English: from Old French parabole, from an ecclesiastical Latin sense ‘discourse, allegory’ of Latin parabola ‘comparison’, from Greek parabolē (see parabola).


word: PARABOLA
russian_word: парабола
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrab(ə)lə
phonetics_text: pəˈrab(ə)lə
definition:
a symmetrical open plane curve formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to its side. The path of a projectile under the influence of gravity follows a curve of this shape.

origin:
late 16th century: modern Latin, from Greek parabolē ‘placing side by side, application’, from para- ‘beside’ + bolē ‘a throw’ (from the verb ballein ).


word: PARABOLIC
russian_word: параболический
example: a parabolic mirror behind a spotlight projects a parallel beam|parabolic teaching
definition: of or like a parabola or part of one.|of or expressed in parables.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌparəˈbɒlɪk
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈbɒlɪk
origin:
late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek parabolikos, from parabolē ‘application’ (see parabola).


word: PARABOLOID
russian_word: параболоид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrab(ə)lɔɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈrab(ə)lɔɪd
definition:
a solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis of symmetry.|a solid having two or more non-parallel parabolic cross sections.


word: PARACENTESIS
russian_word: парацентез
origin: late 16th century: via Latin from Greek parakentēsis, from parakentein ‘pierce at the side’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəsɛnˈtiːsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌparəsɛnˈtiːsɪs
definition:
the perforation of a cavity of the body or of a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with a hollow needle to remove fluid or gas.


word: PARACHRONISM
russian_word: парахронизм
definition: an error in chronology, especially by assigning too late a date.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrakrənɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: pəˈrakrənɪz(ə)m
origin:
mid 17th century: from para-1 ‘beyond’ + Greek khronos ‘time’ + -ism, perhaps suggested by anachronism.


word: PARACHUTE
russian_word: парашют
example: the saviour of many pilots has been the parachute
origin: late 18th century: from French para- ‘protection against’ + chute ‘fall’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈparəʃuːt
phonetics_text: ˈparəʃuːt
definition:
a cloth canopy which fills with air and allows a person or heavy object attached to it to descend slowly when dropped from an aircraft, or which is released from the rear of an aircraft on landing to act as a brake.


word: PARACLETE
russian_word: параклет
definition: (in Christian theology) the Holy Spirit as advocate or counsellor (John 14:16, 26).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəkliːt
phonetics_text: ˈparəkliːt
origin:
via late Latin from Greek paraklētos ‘called in aid’, from para- ‘alongside’ + klētos (from kalein ‘to call’).


word: PARADE
russian_word: парад
example: a St George's Day parade|we were walking along South Parade
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈreɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈreɪd
definition:
a public procession, especially one celebrating a special day or event.|a public square or promenade.|a parade ground.

synonyms:
procession|march|cavalcade|motorcade|carcade|cortège|ceremony|spectacle|display|pageant|concours|file|train|column|array|review|muster|dress parade|tattoo|march-past|jatha|yatra|rath yatra|mas

origin:
mid 17th century: from French, literally ‘a showing’, from Spanish parada and Italian parata, based on Latin parare ‘prepare, furnish’.


word: PARADIGM
russian_word: парадигма
synonyms: model|pattern|example|standard|prototype|archetype|ideal|gauge|criterion|paragon|exemplar
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparədʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈparədʌɪm
example:
society's paradigm of the ‘ideal woman’|English determiners form a paradigm: we can say ‘a book’ or ‘his book’ but not ‘a his book’

definition:
a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model.|a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.|(in the traditional grammar of Latin, Greek, and other inflected languages) a table of all the inflected forms of a particular verb, noun, or adjective, serving as a model for other words of the same conjugation or declension.

origin:
late 15th century: via late Latin from Greek paradeigma, from paradeiknunai ‘show side by side’, from para- ‘beside’ + deiknunai ‘to show’.


word: PARADIGMATIC
russian_word: образцовый
example: his biography is paradigmatic of the experiences of this generation
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: parədɪɡˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: parədɪɡˈmatɪk
definition:
serving as a typical example of something.|of or denoting the relationship between a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.


word: PARADISE
russian_word: рай
example: martyrs who die in battle with the ungodly earn instant transmission to paradise
definition: (in some religions) heaven as the ultimate abode of the just.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparədʌɪs
phonetics_text: ˈparədʌɪs
synonyms:
heaven|the kingdom of heaven|the promised land|the heavenly kingdom|the City of God|the celestial city|the abode of God|the abode of the saints|Zion|Abraham's bosom|the New Jerusalem|Elysium|the Elysian Fields|the Islands of the Blessed|Valhalla|Avalon

origin:
Middle English: from Old French paradis, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek paradeisos ‘royal (enclosed) park’, from Avestan pairidaēza ‘enclosure, park’.


word: PARADOS
russian_word: тыльный траверс
origin: mid 19th century: from French, from para- ‘protection against’ + dos ‘back’ (from Latin dorsum ).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparədɒs
phonetics_text: ˈparədɒs
definition:
an elevation of earth behind a fortified place as a protection against attack from the rear, especially a mound along the back of a trench.


word: PARADOX
russian_word: парадокс
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparədɒks
phonetics_text: ˈparədɒks
example:
the uncertainty principle leads to all sorts of paradoxes, like the particles being in two places at once

definition:
a seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition which when investigated may prove to be well founded or true.

synonyms:
contradiction|contradiction in terms|self-contradiction|inconsistency|incongruity|anomaly|conflict|absurdity|oddity|enigma|puzzle|mystery|conundrum|oxymoron|antinomy

origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting a statement contrary to accepted opinion): via late Latin from Greek paradoxon ‘contrary (opinion)’, neuter adjective used as a noun, from para- ‘distinct from’ + doxa ‘opinion’.


word: PARADOXICAL
russian_word: парадоксальный
example: by glorifying the acts of violence they achieve the paradoxical effect of making them trivial
definition: seemingly absurd or self-contradictory.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌparəˈdɒksɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈdɒksɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
contradictory|self-contradictory|inconsistent|incongruous|anomalous|conflicting|improbable|impossible|odd|illogical|confusing|absurd|puzzling|baffling|bewildering|incomprehensible|inexplicable|oxymoronic


word: PARAESTHESIA
russian_word: парестезии
example: patients complain of painful paraesthesiae in the hands
origin: late 19th century: from para-1 ‘alongside, irregular’ + Greek aisthēsis ‘sensation’ + -ia1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparɪsˈθiːzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparɪsˈθiːzɪə
definition:
an abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (‘pins and needles’), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.


word: PARAFFIN
russian_word: парафин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəfɪn
phonetics_text: ˈparəfɪn
definition:
a flammable, whitish, translucent, waxy solid consisting of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, obtained by distillation from petroleum or shale and used in candles, cosmetics, polishes, and sealing and waterproofing compounds.

origin:
mid 19th century: from German, from Latin parum ‘little’ + affinis ‘related’ (from its low reactivity).


word: PARAGLIDER
russian_word: параплан
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəɡlʌɪdə
phonetics_text: ˈparəɡlʌɪdə
definition:
a wide canopy resembling a parachute that is attached to a person's body by a harness in order to allow them to glide through the air after jumping from or being hauled to a height.


word: PARAGLIDING
russian_word: парапланеризм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəɡlʌɪdɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈparəɡlʌɪdɪŋ
definition:
a sport in which a wide canopy resembling a parachute is attached to a person's body by a harness in order to allow them to glide through the air after jumping from or being lifted to a height.


word: PARAGOGE
russian_word: парагога
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈɡəʊdʒi
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈɡəʊdʒi
definition:
the addition of a letter or syllable to a word in particular contexts (e.g. n in an ) or as a language develops (e.g. t in peasant ).

origin:
mid 16th century: via late Latin from Greek paragōgē ‘addition, derivation’, from para- ‘alongside’ + agōgē ‘carrying’.


word: PARAGON
russian_word: образец совершенства
example: it would have taken a paragon of virtue not to feel viciously jealous
definition: a person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a particular quality.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈparəɡ(ə)n
origin:
mid 16th century: from obsolete French, from Italian paragone ‘touchstone to try good (gold) from bad’, from medieval Greek parakonē ‘whetstone’.


word: PARAGRAPH
russian_word: пункт
example: the concluding paragraph
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈparəɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈparəɡrɑːf
definition:
a distinct section of a piece of writing, usually dealing with a single theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering.

synonyms:
section|subdivision|part|subsection|division|portion|segment|bit|passage|clause|report|article|item|piece|notice|write-up|note|mention

origin:
late 15th century: from French paragraphe, via medieval Latin from Greek paragraphos ‘short stroke marking a break in sense’, from para- ‘beside’ + graphein ‘write’.


word: PARAKEET
russian_word: длиннохвостый попугай
definition: a small parrot with predominantly green plumage and a long tail.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəkiːt
phonetics_text: ˈparəkiːt
origin:
mid 16th century: from Old French paroquet, Italian parrocchetto, and Spanish periquito ; origin uncertain, perhaps (via Italian) based on a diminutive meaning ‘little wig’, referring to head plumage, or (via Spanish) based on a diminutive of the given name Pedro .


word: PARALDEHYDE
russian_word: паральдегида
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈraldɪhʌɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈraldɪhʌɪd
definition:
a liquid made by treating acetaldehyde with acid, used medicinally as a sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant.


word: PARALIPSIS
russian_word: умолчание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈlɪpsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈlɪpsɪs
definition:
the device of giving emphasis by professing to say little or nothing of a subject, as in not to mention their unpaid debts of several millions.

origin:
late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek paraleipsis ‘passing over’, from paraleipein ‘omit’, from para- ‘aside’ + leipein ‘to leave’.


word: PARALLAX
russian_word: параллакс
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəlaks
phonetics_text: ˈparəlaks
example:
what you see in the viewfinder won't be quite what you get in the photograph because of parallax error

definition:
the effect whereby the position or direction of an object appears to differ when viewed from different positions, e.g. through the viewfinder and the lens of a camera.

origin:
late 16th century (also in the general sense ‘fact of seeing wrongly’): from French parallaxe, from Greek parallaxis ‘a change’, from parallassein ‘to alternate’, based on allassein ‘to exchange’ (from allos ‘other’).


word: PARALLEL
russian_word: параллельно
example: parallel lines never meet|a parallel universe|highly parallel multiprocessor systems
antonyms: different|dissimilar|divergent
synonyms: side by side|aligned|collateral|equidistant
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈparəlɛl
phonetics_text: ˈparəlɛl
definition:
(of lines, planes, or surfaces) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.|occurring or existing at the same time or in a similar way; corresponding.|of or denoting electrical components or circuits connected to common points at each end, rather than one to another in sequence.|involving the simultaneous performance of operations.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French parallèle, via Latin from Greek parallēlos, from para- ‘alongside’ + allēlos ‘one another’.


word: PARALLELEPIPED
russian_word: параллелепипед
definition: a solid body of which each face is a parallelogram.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəlɛləˈpʌɪpɛd
phonetics_text: ˌparəlɛləˈpʌɪpɛd|ˌparəlɛˈlɛpɪpɛd
origin:
late 16th century: from Greek parallēlepipedon, from parallēlos ‘beside another’ + epipedon ‘plane surface’.


word: PARALLELOGRAM
russian_word: параллелограмм
definition: a four-sided plane rectilinear figure with opposite sides parallel.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈlɛləɡram
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈlɛləɡram
origin:
late 16th century: from French parallélogramme, via late Latin from Greek parallēlogrammon, from parallēlos ‘alongside another’ + grammē ‘line’.


word: PARALOGISM
russian_word: паралогизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈralədʒɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: pəˈralədʒɪz(ə)m
definition:
a piece of illogical or fallacious reasoning, especially one which appears superficially logical or which the reasoner believes to be logical.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French paralogisme, via late Latin from Greek paralogismos, from paralogizesthai ‘reason falsely’.


word: PARALYMPIC
russian_word: паралимпийский
definition: relating to the Paralympic Games.
origin: 1950s: blend of paraplegic (see paraplegia) and Olympic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌparəˈlɪmpɪk
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈlɪmpɪk
example:
on Tuesday more than 200 Paralympic athletes from 50 nations will battle it out in track and field events


word: PARALYSE
russian_word: парализовать
example: Mrs Burrows had been paralysed by a stroke
definition: cause (a person or part of the body) to become partly or wholly incapable of movement.
origin: early 19th century: from French paralyser, from paralysie ‘paralysis’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈparəlʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈparəlʌɪz
synonyms:
disable|immobilize|render/make powerless|incapacitate|debilitate|numb|deaden|benumb|dull|obtund|torpefy|incapacitated|immobilized|powerless|paraplegic|quadriplegic|tetraplegic|monoplegic|hemiplegic|paretic|paraparetic|palsied


word: PARALYSIS
russian_word: паралич
example: the fast-acting venom causes paralysis, breathing difficulties, and sometimes death
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈralɪsɪs
phonetics_text: pəˈralɪsɪs
definition:
the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury.

synonyms:
immobility|powerlessness|lack of sensation|numbness|deadness|incapacity|debilitation|paraplegia|quadriplegia|tetraplegia|monoplegia|hemiplegia|diplegia|paresis|paraparesis|palsy

origin:
late Old English, via Latin from Greek paralusis, from paraluesthai ‘be disabled at the side’, from para ‘beside’ + luein ‘loosen’.


word: PARALYTIC
russian_word: паралитический
example: the incidence of paralytic disease|a leaving party which left everyone paralytic
definition: relating to paralysis.|extremely drunk.
antonyms: sober
synonyms: paralysed|disabled|incapacitated|dead|numb|benumbed|powerless|immobilized|helpless|useless
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: parəˈlɪtɪk
phonetics_text: parəˈlɪtɪk
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French paralytique, via Latin from Greek paralutikos ‘relating to paralysis’ (see paralysis).


word: PARAMAGNETIC
russian_word: парамагнитный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: parəmaɡˈnɛtɪk
phonetics_text: parəmaɡˈnɛtɪk
definition:
(of a substance or body) very weakly attracted by the poles of a magnet, but not retaining any permanent magnetism.


word: PARAMECIUM
russian_word: парамеций
origin: mid 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek paramēkēs ‘oval’ from para- ‘against’ + mēkos ‘length’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈmiːsɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈmiːsɪəm
definition:
a single-celled freshwater animal that has a characteristic slipper-like shape and is covered with cilia.


word: PARAMEDIC
russian_word: фельдшер
example: all ambulances were manned by a nurse or paramedic and a driver
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈmɛdɪk
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈmɛdɪk
definition:
a person trained to give emergency medical care to people who are injured or ill, typically in a setting outside a hospital.


word: PARAMEDICAL
russian_word: парамедицинский
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: parəˈmɛdɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: parəˈmɛdɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to services and professions which supplement and support medical work but do not require a fully qualified doctor (such as nursing, radiography, emergency first aid, physiotherapy, and dietetics).


word: PARAMETER
russian_word: параметр
origin: mid 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek para- ‘beside’ + metron ‘measure’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈramɪtə
phonetics_text: pəˈramɪtə
example:
there are three parameters by which a speaker is able to modify the meaning of the utterance—pitch, volume, and tempo|the parameters within which the media work

definition:
a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation.|a limit or boundary which defines the scope of a particular process or activity.

synonyms:
framework|variable|limit|boundary|limiting factor|limitation|restriction|specification|criterion|guideline|constant


word: PARAMNESIA
russian_word: парамнезия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəmˈniːzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparəmˈniːzɪə
definition:
a condition or phenomenon involving distorted memory or confusions of fact and fantasy, such as confabulation or déjà vu.


word: PARAMOUNT
russian_word: первостепенный
example: the interests of the child are of paramount importance|a paramount chief
definition: more important than anything else; supreme.|having supreme power.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈparəmaʊnt
phonetics_text: ˈparəmaʊnt
synonyms:
most important|of greatest importance|of prime importance|of supreme importance|uppermost|supreme|chief|overriding|predominant|cardinal|foremost|first and foremost|prime|primary|principal|pre-eminent|highest|utmost|main|key|central|leading|major|top|topmost|dominant|number-one

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘highest in jurisdiction’ in the phrases lord paramount and paramount chief ): from Anglo-Norman French paramont, from Old French par ‘by’ + amont ‘above’.


word: PARAMOUR
russian_word: любовник
definition: a lover, especially the illicit partner of a married person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəmʊə
phonetics_text: ˈparəmʊə
synonyms:
lover|beloved|significant other|mistress|girlfriend|kept woman|other woman|inamorata|boyfriend|other man|inamorato|gigolo|sugar daddy|bit on the side|toy boy|fancy man|fancy woman|hetaera|odalisque|concubine|doxy|leman|courtesan|cicisbeo

origin:
Middle English: from Old French par amour ‘by love’; in English the phrase was written from an early date as one word and came to be treated as a noun.


word: PARAMYXOVIRUS
russian_word: парамиксовирус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈmɪksə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈmɪksə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
any of a group of RNA viruses similar to the myxoviruses but larger and haemolytic, including those causing mumps, measles, distemper, rinderpest, and various respiratory infections (parainfluenza).


word: PARANOIA
russian_word: паранойя
synonyms: persecution complex|delusions|obsession|megalomania|monomania|psychosis
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈnɔɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈnɔɪə
definition:
a mental condition characterized by delusions of persecution, unwarranted jealousy, or exaggerated self-importance, typically worked into an organized system. It may be an aspect of chronic personality disorder, of drug abuse, or of a serious condition such as schizophrenia in which the person loses touch with reality.

origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek, from paranoos ‘distracted’, from para ‘irregular’ + noos ‘mind’.


word: PARANORMAL
russian_word: паранормальный
example: a mystic who can prove he has paranormal powers
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: parəˈnɔːm(ə)l
phonetics_text: parəˈnɔːm(ə)l
definition:
denoting events or phenomena such as telekinesis or clairvoyance that are beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding.


word: PARAPET
russian_word: парапет
example: she stood on the bridge, leaning over the parapet to watch the water race by
definition: a low protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony.
synonyms: balustrade|barrier|wall|railing|fence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəpɪt
phonetics_text: ˈparəpɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from French, or from Italian parapetto ‘chest-high wall’, from para- ‘protecting’ + petto ‘chest’ (from Latin pectus ).


word: PARAPH
russian_word: парафировать
definition: a flourish after a signature, originally as a precaution against forgery.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparaf
phonetics_text: ˈparaf
origin:
late Middle English (denoting a paragraph): from French paraphe, from medieval Latin paraphus (contraction of paragraphus ‘short horizontal stroke’).


word: PARAPHASIA
russian_word: парафазии
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈfeɪzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈfeɪzɪə
definition:
speech disturbance resulting from brain damage in which words are jumbled and sentences meaningless.


word: PARAPHERNALIA
russian_word: принадлежности
example: drills, saws, and other paraphernalia necessary for home improvements
definition: miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəfəˈneɪlɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparəfəˈneɪlɪə
synonyms:
equipment|stuff|things|apparatus|tackle|kit|implements|tools|utensils|material(s)|appliances|rig|outfit|accoutrements|appurtenances|impedimenta|miscellaneous articles|odds and ends|bits and pieces|bits and bobs|trappings|accessories|rubbish|gear|junk|the necessary|traps|clobber|gubbins|odds and sods|dunnage|equipage

origin:
mid 17th century (denoting property owned by a married woman): from medieval Latin, based on Greek parapherna ‘property apart from a dowry’, from para ‘distinct from’ + pherna (from phernē ‘dower’).


word: PARAPHILIA
russian_word: парафилия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈfɪlɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈfɪlɪə
definition:
a condition characterized by abnormal sexual desires, typically involving extreme or dangerous activities.


word: PARAPHRASE
russian_word: пересказ
example: you can either quote or paraphrase literary texts
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈparəfreɪz
phonetics_text: ˈparəfreɪz
definition:
express the meaning of (something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity.

synonyms:
reword|rephrase|put/express in other words|put/express in one's own words|express differently|rewrite|rescript|restate|rehash|interpret|gloss

origin:
mid 16th century (as a noun): via Latin from Greek paraphrasis, from paraphrazein, from para- (expressing modification) + phrazein ‘tell’.


word: PARAPLEGIA
russian_word: параплегия
definition: paralysis of the legs and lower body, typically caused by spinal injury or disease.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈpliːdʒə
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈpliːdʒə
origin:
mid 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek paraplēgia, from paraplēssein ‘strike at the side’, from para ‘beside’ + plēssein ‘to strike’.


word: PARAPODIUM
russian_word: параподия
origin: late 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek para- ‘subsidiary’ + pous, pod- ‘foot’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈpəʊdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈpəʊdɪəm
definition:
(in a polychaete worm) each of a number of paired muscular bristle-bearing appendages used in locomotion, sensation, or respiration.


word: PARAPSYCHOLOGY
russian_word: парапсихология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: parəsʌɪˈkɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: parəsʌɪˈkɒlədʒi
definition:
the study of mental phenomena which are excluded from or inexplicable by orthodox scientific psychology (such as hypnosis, telepathy, etc.).


word: PARAQUAT
russian_word: паракват
definition: a toxic fast-acting herbicide, which becomes deactivated in the soil.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəkwɒt
phonetics_text: ˈparəkwɒt|ˈparəkwat
origin:
1960s: from para-1 (sense 2) + quaternary (it is a quaternary ammonium salt containing pyridine rings linked at the para-position).


word: PARASAILING
russian_word: парасейлинг
example: advocates have introduced bills that would increase the safety of parasailing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəseɪlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈparəseɪlɪŋ
definition:
the recreational activity of gliding through the air wearing an open parachute while being towed by a motorboat.


word: PARASITE
russian_word: паразит
example: the parasite attaches itself to the mouths of fishes|he was a parasite who lived off other people
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈparəsʌɪt
definition:
an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.|a person who habitually relies on or exploits others and gives nothing in return.

synonyms:
hanger-on|leech|passenger|drone|bloodsucker|sponger|sponge|scrounger|freeloader|ligger|cadger|moocher|mooch|bludger

origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek parasitos ‘(person) eating at another's table’, from para- ‘alongside’ + sitos ‘food’.


word: PARASITIC
russian_word: паразитический
example: mistletoe is parasitic on trees|attacks on the parasitic existence of Party functionaries
synonyms: exploitative|parasitical|bloodsucking|sponging|freeloading
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: parəˈsɪtɪk
phonetics_text: parəˈsɪtɪk
definition:
(of an organism) living as a parasite.|habitually relying on or exploiting others.|(of a speech sound) inserted without etymological justification (e.g. the b in thimble ); epenthetic.

origin:
early 17th century: via Latin from Greek parasitikos, from parasitos ‘(person) eating at another's table’.


word: PARASITICIDE
russian_word: антипаразитический
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈsɪtɪsʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈsɪtɪsʌɪd
definition:
a substance used in medicine and veterinary medicine to kill parasites (especially those other than bacteria or fungi).


word: PARASITISM
russian_word: паразитизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəsɪtɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈparəsɪtɪz(ə)m
example:
the study of nest parasitism by cuckoos|billionaires whose wealth is bound up with parasitism, corruption and criminality

definition:
the practice of living as a parasite on or with another animal or organism.|habitual reliance on or exploitation of others.


word: PARASKIING
russian_word: парапланеризм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəskiːɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈparəskiːɪŋ
example:
you need the Special Sports cover if you plan to try the luge, bobsleigh, ski-jumping, or paraskiing

definition:
a sport in which a wide canopy resembling a parachute is attached to a skier's body by a harness in order to allow them to ski off a high mountain and glide through the air.


word: PARASOL
russian_word: зонтик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəsɒl
phonetics_text: ˈparəsɒl
definition:
a light umbrella used to give shade from the sun.|a widely distributed large mushroom with a broad scaly greyish-brown cap and a tall, slender stalk.

origin:
early 17th century: from French, from Italian parasole, from para- ‘protecting against’ + sole ‘sun’ (from Latin sol ).


word: PARASTATAL
russian_word: полугосударственные
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈsteɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈsteɪt(ə)l
definition:
(of an organization or industry, especially in some African countries) having some political authority and serving the state indirectly.


word: PARASYMPATHETIC
russian_word: парасимпатический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌparəsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌparəsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk
definition:
relating to the part of the autonomic nervous system which balances the action of the sympathetic nerves. It consists of nerves arising from the brain and the lower end of the spinal cord and supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.

origin:
early 20th century: from para-1 ‘alongside’ + sympathetic, because some of these nerves run alongside sympathetic nerves.


word: PARATAXIS
russian_word: паратаксис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈtaksɪs
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈtaksɪs
definition:
the placing of clauses or phrases one after another, without words to indicate coordination or subordination, as in Tell me, how are you?.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek parataxis, from para- ‘beside’ + taxis ‘arrangement’ (from tassein ‘arrange’).


word: PARATHION
russian_word: паратион
origin: 1940s: from para-1 (sense 2) + thio- + -on.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparəˈθʌɪən
phonetics_text: ˌparəˈθʌɪən
definition:
a highly toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound containing phosphorus and sulphur, used as an agricultural insecticide.


word: PARATHYROID
russian_word: паращитовидный
example: parathyroid tissue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: parəˈθʌɪrɔɪd
phonetics_text: parəˈθʌɪrɔɪd
definition:
a gland next to the thyroid which secretes a hormone ( parathyroid hormone ) that regulates calcium levels in a person's body.


word: PARAVANE
russian_word: параван
origin: early 20th century: from para-2 ‘protecting’ + vane.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəveɪn
phonetics_text: ˈparəveɪn
definition:
a device towed behind a boat at a depth regulated by its vanes or planes, so that the cable to which it is attached can cut the moorings of submerged mines.


word: PARBOIL
russian_word: слегка отваривать
example: parboil the vegetables in salted water for about 5 minutes
definition: partly cook (food) by boiling.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːbɔɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːbɔɪl
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French parbouillir, from late Latin perbullire ‘boil thoroughly’, from Latin per- ‘through, thoroughly’ (later confused with part) + bullire ‘to boil’.


word: PARBUCKLE
russian_word: двойной подъемный строп
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːbʌk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːbʌk(ə)l
definition:
a loop of rope arranged like a sling, used for raising or lowering casks and other cylindrical objects.

origin:
early 17th century: from earlier parbunkle, of unknown origin. The change in the ending was due to association with buckle.


word: PARCEL
russian_word: посылка
example: the lorry was carrying a large number of Royal Mail parcels|a parcel of shares
synonyms: package|packet|pack|carton|bundle|box|case|bale|fardel
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːs(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːs(ə)l
definition:
an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper in order to be carried or sent by post.|a quantity or amount of something, especially as dealt with in one commercial transaction.

origin:
late Middle English (chiefly in the sense ‘small portion’): from Old French parcelle, from Latin particula ‘small part’.


word: PARCENER
russian_word: сонаследник
definition: a person who shares with others in the inheritance of an undivided estate or in the rights to it.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːs(ə)nə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːs(ə)nə
origin:
Middle English: via Anglo-Norman French from Latin partitio(n-) ‘partition’ + -er1: compare with partner1.


word: PARCH
russian_word: запекаться
example: a piece of grassland parched by the sun
definition: make or become dry through intense heat.
origin: late Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɑːtʃ
phonetics_text: pɑːtʃ
synonyms:
searing|scorching|blistering|flaming|blazing (hot)|baking (hot)|burning|fiery|torrid|withering|boiling|boiling hot|sizzling|roasting|sweltering


word: PARCHED
russian_word: опаленный
example: the parched earth
definition: dried out with heat.
antonyms: wet|soaking
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɑːtʃt
phonetics_text: pɑːtʃt
synonyms:
dry|as dry as a bone|bone dry|dried up|dried out|arid|waterless|desiccated|dehydrated|sun-baked|baked|burned|scorched|seared|withered|shrivelled|sere|adust|exsiccated


word: PARCHMENT
russian_word: пергамент
example: he borrowed a quill and a piece of parchment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtʃm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtʃm(ə)nt
definition:
a stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, usually a sheep or goat, and used as a durable writing surface in ancient and medieval times.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French parchemin, from a blend of late Latin pergamina ‘writing material from Pergamum’ and Parthica pellis ‘Parthian skin’ (a kind of scarlet leather).


word: PARDON
russian_word: помилование
example: he obtained pardon for his sins
definition: the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offence.
synonyms: forgiveness|absolution|remission|clemency|mercy|lenience|leniency|condonation|indulgence
part_of_speech: noun|verb|exclamation
phonetic: ˈpɑːd(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːd(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French pardun (noun), pardoner (verb), from medieval Latin perdonare ‘concede, remit’, from per- ‘completely’ + donare ‘give’.


word: PARDONABLE
russian_word: простительный
example: no mistake, even a tiny one, is pardonable
definition: able to be forgiven; excusable.
antonyms: inexcusable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɑːd(ə)nəbl
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːd(ə)nəbl
synonyms:
excusable|forgivable|allowable|condonable|understandable|minor|slight|venial|not serious|permissible


word: PARE
russian_word: чистить
example: Carlo pared his thumbnails with his knife
definition: trim (something) by cutting away its outer edges.
synonyms: cut (off)|trim (off)|peel (off)|shave (off)|strip (off)|clip (off)|skin|decorticate|excoriate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɛː
phonetics_text: pɛː
origin:
Middle English: from Old French parer ‘adorn, prepare’, also ‘peel, trim’, from Latin parare ‘prepare’.


word: PAREGORIC
russian_word: болеутоляющее средство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparɪˈɡɒrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌparɪˈɡɒrɪk
definition:
a medicine consisting of opium flavoured with camphor, aniseed, and benzoic acid, formerly used to treat diarrhoea and coughing in children.

origin:
late 17th century: via late Latin from Greek parēgorikos ‘soothing’, from the verb parēgorein, literally ‘speak in the assembly’, hence ‘soothe, console’.


word: PARENCHYMA
russian_word: паренхима
example: the liver parenchyma
definition: the functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɛŋkɪmə
phonetics_text: pəˈrɛŋkɪmə
origin:
mid 17th century: from Greek parenkhuma ‘something poured in besides’, from para- ‘beside’ + enkhuma ‘infusion’.


word: PARENCHYMATOUS
russian_word: паренхиматозный
example: parenchymatous cells are rare in the twigs and roots
origin: mid 17th century: from parenchyma + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: parəŋˈkɪmətəs
phonetics_text: parəŋˈkɪmətəs
definition:
consisting of or relating to the cellular tissue making up the softer parts of leaves, pulp of fruits, bark and pith of stems, etc.


word: PARENT
russian_word: родитель
example: the parents of the bride
definition: a person's father or mother.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛːr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛːr(ə)nt
synonyms:
mother|father|birth/biological parent|adoptive mother/father|surrogate mother|foster-parent|foster-mother|foster-father|step-parent|stepmother|stepfather|guardian|single parent|lone parent|co-parent|one's old man|one's old woman|one's old lady|begetter|procreator|progenitor|progenitress|progenitrix|genitor|pater|rents

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin parent- ‘bringing forth’, from the verb parere . The verb dates from the mid 17th century.


word: PARENTHESIS
russian_word: круглая скобка
origin: mid 16th century: via late Latin from Greek, from parentithenai ‘put in beside’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɛnθɪsɪs
phonetics_text: pəˈrɛnθɪsɪs
example:
in a challenging parenthesis, Wordsworth comments on the evil effects of contemporary developments|the three months of coalition government were a lamentable political parenthesis

definition:
a word or phrase inserted as an explanation or afterthought into a passage which is grammatically complete without it, in writing usually marked off by brackets, dashes, or commas.|an interlude or interval.


word: PARENTHETICAL
russian_word: вводный
example: parenthetical remarks
definition: relating to or inserted as a parenthesis.
origin: late 18th century: from parenthesis, on the pattern of pairs such as synthesis, synthetic .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpar(ə)nˈθɛtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌpar(ə)nˈθɛtɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
incidental|supplementary|by-the-way|by-the-by|in parentheses|parenthetic|in brackets|explanatory|qualifying|inserted|interposed|extraneous


word: PARESIS
russian_word: парез
example: examination indicates paresis of the upper left limb
definition: a condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage or disease; partial paralysis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈriːsɪs
phonetics_text: pəˈriːsɪs|ˈparɪsɪs
origin:
late 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek parienai ‘let go’, from para- ‘alongside’ + hienai ‘let go’.


word: PARFAIT
russian_word: парфе
origin: from the French adjective parfait, literally ‘perfect’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːfeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːfeɪ
definition:
a rich cold dessert made with whipped cream, eggs, and fruit.|a rich pâté with a very smooth consistency.


word: PARHELION
russian_word: паргелий
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin parelion, from Greek para- ‘beside’ + hēlios ‘sun’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːˈhiːlɪən
phonetics_text: pɑːˈhiːlɪən
definition:
a bright spot in the sky appearing on either side of the sun, formed by refraction of sunlight through ice crystals high in the atmosphere.


word: PARIAH
russian_word: пария
example: they were treated as social pariahs
synonyms: outcast|persona non grata|leper|reject|untouchable|undesirable|unperson
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrʌɪə
phonetics_text: pəˈrʌɪə
definition:
an outcast.|a member of an indigenous people of southern India originally functioning as ceremonial drummers but later having a low caste.

origin:
early 17th century: from Tamil paṛaiyar, plural of paṛaiyan ‘(hereditary) drummer’, from paṛai ‘a drum’.


word: PARIETAL
russian_word: теменной
example: parietal rules
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin parietalis, from Latin paries, pariet- ‘wall’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈrʌɪɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈrʌɪɪt(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting the wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure.|relating to residence in a college or university dormitory and especially to visits from members of the opposite sex.|denoting prehistoric art found on rock walls.


word: PARISH
russian_word: приход
example: a parish church
synonyms: parishioners|churchgoers|church|congregation|flock|fold|community
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈparɪʃ
definition:
(in the Christian Church) a small administrative district typically having its own church and a priest or pastor.

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old French paroche, from late Latin parochia, from Greek paroikia ‘sojourning’, based on para- ‘beside, subsidiary’ + oikos ‘dwelling’.


word: PARISH CLERK
russian_word: псаломщик
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an official performing various mainly administrative duties concerned with the Church or with a civil parish.


word: PARITY
russian_word: паритет
example: parity of incomes between rural workers and those in industrial occupations
origin: late 16th century: from late Latin paritas, from par ‘equal’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparɪti
phonetics_text: ˈparɪti
definition:
the state or condition of being equal, especially as regards status or pay.|(of a number) the fact of being even or odd.

synonyms:
equality|equivalence|uniformity|sameness|consistency|correspondence|congruity|congruence|levelness|unity|coequality|parallelism|evenness


word: PARK
russian_word: парк
example: a walk round the park|an industrial park
synonyms: public garden|recreation ground|playground|play area|public/municipal park
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɑːk
phonetics_text: pɑːk
definition:
a large public garden or area of land used for recreation.|an area devoted to a specified purpose.|(in a car with automatic transmission) the position of the gear selector in which the gears are locked, preventing the vehicle's movement.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French parc, from medieval Latin parricus, of Germanic origin; related to German Pferch ‘pen, fold’, also to paddock. The word was originally a legal term designating land held by royal grant for keeping game animals: this was enclosed and therefore distinct from a forest or chase, and (also unlike a forest ) had no special laws or officers. A military sense ‘space occupied by artillery, wagons, stores, etc., in an encampment’ (late 17th century) is the origin of the verb sense (mid 19th century) and of park (sense 2 of the noun) (early 20th century).


word: PARKIN
russian_word: Паркин
example: here's an apple and a piece of parkin
origin: early 19th century: perhaps from the family name Parkin, diminutive of Per ‘Peter’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːkɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːkɪn
definition:
a kind of dark gingerbread, typically with a soft, dry texture, made with oatmeal and treacle or molasses, especially in Yorkshire around Bonfire Night.


word: PARKOUR
russian_word: паркур
origin: early 21st century: French, alteration of parcours ‘route, course’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːˈkʊə
phonetics_text: pɑːˈkʊə
definition:
the activity or sport of moving rapidly through an area, typically in an urban environment, negotiating obstacles by running, jumping, and climbing.


word: PARLANCE
russian_word: манера выражаться
example: dated terms that were once in common parlance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːl(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːl(ə)ns
definition:
a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest.

synonyms:
jargon|language|phraseology|idiom|-speak|talk|speech|way/manner of speaking|vocabulary|vernacular|tongue|idiolect|patter|argot|patois|cant|façon de parler|lingo

origin:
late 16th century (denoting speech or debate): from Old French, from parler ‘speak’, from Latin parabola ‘comparison’ (in late Latin ‘speech’).


word: PARLEY
russian_word: переговоры
example: a parley is in progress and the invaders may withdraw
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːli
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːli
definition:
a conference between opposing sides in a dispute, especially a discussion of terms for an armistice.

synonyms:
negotiation|talk(s)|meeting|conference|summit|discussion|dialogue|conclave|consultation|deliberation|colloquy|confab|powwow|confabulation|palaver

origin:
late Middle English (denoting speech or debate): perhaps from Old French parlee ‘spoken’, feminine past participle of the verb parler .


word: PARLIAMENT
russian_word: парламент
origin: Middle English: from Old French parlement ‘speaking’, from the verb parler .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːləm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːləm(ə)nt
example:
the Secretary of State will lay proposals before Parliament|it is uncommon to see a parliament of owls in the wild

definition:
(in the UK) the highest legislature, consisting of the Sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.|a group of rooks or owls.


word: PARLIAMENTARIAN
russian_word: парламентарий
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌpɑːləm(ə)nˈtɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: ˌpɑːləm(ə)nˈtɛːrɪən|ˌpɑːləmɛnˈtɛːrɪən
example:
the Prime Minister and the Foreign Secretary are sound parliamentarians|her family were prominent and staunch parliamentarians

definition:
a member of a parliament, especially one well versed in its procedure and experienced in debate.|a supporter of Parliament in the English Civil War; a Roundhead.


word: PARLIAMENTARY
russian_word: парламентский
example: a parliamentary candidate
definition: relating to, enacted by, or suitable for a parliament.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɑːləˈmɛnt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌpɑːləˈmɛnt(ə)ri
synonyms:
legislative|law-making|lawgiving|deliberative|governmental|congressional|senatorial|democratic|elected|representative|legislatorial


word: PARLOUR
russian_word: кабинет
example: they had lunch in the parlour|the mayor's parlour|an ice-cream parlour
synonyms: sitting room|living room|lounge|front room|best room|drawing room|morning room|salon|reception room
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French parlur ‘place for speaking’, from Latin parlare ‘speak’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɑːlə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːlə
definition:
a sitting room in a private house.|a room in a public building for receiving guests.|a shop or business providing specified goods or services.|a room or building equipped for milking cows.


word: PARLOUS
russian_word: опасный
example: the parlous state of the economy
definition: full of danger or uncertainty; precarious.
origin: late Middle English: contraction of perilous.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈpɑːləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːləs
synonyms:
bad|dire|dreadful|awful|terrible|appalling|frightful|grave|serious|desperate|precarious|uncertain|touch-and-go|difficult|unsafe|perilous|dangerous|risky|pitiful|wretched|sorry|poor|lamentable|woeful|hopeless|dicey|hairy|lousy|dodgy|chronic


word: PARMESAN
russian_word: пармезан
origin: early 16th century: from French, from Italian parmigiano ‘of Parma’, where it was originally made.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pɑːmɪˈzan
phonetics_text: pɑːmɪˈzan
example:
spoon some pasta into each bowl, season with freshly ground black pepper, and sprinkle with Parmesan|a chicken parmesan with chips and salad

definition:
a hard, dry cheese used chiefly in grated form, especially on Italian dishes.|another term for parmo.


word: PAROCHIAL
russian_word: приходский
example: the parochial church council|parochial attitudes
definition: relating to a Church parish.|having a limited or narrow outlook or scope.
antonyms: cosmopolitan|broad-minded|liberal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈrəʊkɪəl
phonetics_text: pəˈrəʊkɪəl
synonyms:
narrow-minded|small-minded|provincial|insular|narrow|small-town|inward-looking|limited|restricted|localist|conservative|conventional|short-sighted|petty|close-minded|blinkered|myopic|introverted|illiberal|hidebound|intolerant|parish-pump|jerkwater|hick

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from ecclesiastical Latin parochialis ‘relating to an ecclesiastical district’, from parochia (see parish).


word: PARODY
russian_word: пародия
example: the film is a parody of the horror genre
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈparədi
phonetics_text: ˈparədi
definition:
an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.

synonyms:
satire|burlesque|lampoon|pastiche|caricature|take-off|skit|imitation|mockery|spoof|send-up|pappyshow|pasquinade|pasticcio|piss-take

origin:
late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek parōidia ‘burlesque poem’, from para- ‘beside’ (expressing alteration) + ōidē ‘ode’.


word: PAROLE
russian_word: честное слово
example: he committed a burglary while on parole
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈrəʊl
phonetics_text: pəˈrəʊl
definition:
the temporary or permanent release of a prisoner before the expiry of a sentence, on the promise of good behaviour.|the actual linguistic behaviour or performance of individuals, in contrast to the linguistic system of a community.

origin:
late 15th century: from Old French, literally ‘word’, also ‘formal promise’, from ecclesiastical Latin parabola ‘speech’; compare with parol.


word: PARONOMASIA
russian_word: парономазия
definition: a play on words; a pun.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌparənəˈmeɪzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌparənəˈmeɪzɪə
origin:
late 16th century: via Latin from Greek paronomasia, from para- ‘beside’ (expressing alteration) + onomasia ‘naming’ (from onomazein ‘to name’, from onoma ‘a name’).


word: PARONYM
russian_word: пароним
example: ‘wisdom’ is a paronym of ‘wise’
definition: a word which is a derivative of another and has a related meaning.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparənɪm
phonetics_text: ˈparənɪm
origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek parōnumon, neuter (used as a noun) of parōnumos ‘naming by modification’, from para- ‘beside’ + onuma ‘a name’.


word: PAROXYSM
russian_word: пароксизм
example: a paroxysm of weeping
definition: a sudden attack or outburst of a particular emotion or activity.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparəksɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈparəksɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
spasm|attack|fit|burst|bout|convulsion|seizure|outburst|outbreak|eruption|explosion|flare-up|access|throes|ebullition|boutade

origin:
late Middle English: from French paroxysme, via medieval Latin from Greek paroxusmos, from paroxunein ‘exasperate’, from para- ‘beyond’ + oxunein ‘sharpen’ (from oxus ‘sharp’).


word: PAROXYTONE
russian_word: имеющий ударение на предпоследнем слоге
definition: (especially in ancient Greek) having an acute accent on the last syllable but one.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈrɒksɪtəʊn
phonetics_text: pəˈrɒksɪtəʊn
origin:
mid 18th century: from modern Latin paroxytonus, from Greek paroxutonos, from para- ‘alongside’ + oxutonos ‘sharp pitch’.


word: PARPEN
russian_word: перевязка каменной кладки
definition: a stone passing through a wall from side to side, with two smooth vertical faces.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːp(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːp(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French parpain ‘length of a stone’, probably based on Latin perpes ‘continuous’.


word: PARQUET
russian_word: паркет
example: do not lay parquet over old vinyl flooring
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːki
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːki|ˈpɑːkeɪ
definition:
flooring composed of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.|the ground floor of a theatre or auditorium, especially the orchestra pit.|(in France and French-speaking countries) the branch of the administration of the law that deals with the prosecution of crime.

origin:
late 17th century (as a verb): from French, literally ‘small park (i.e. delineated area)’. The noun dates from the early 19th century.


word: PARQUETRY
russian_word: паркет
example: many-candled lustres reflected in the polished parquetry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːkɪtri
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːkɪtri
definition:
inlaid work of blocks of various woods arranged in a geometric pattern, especially for flooring or furniture.


word: PARR
russian_word: молодой лосось
origin: early 18th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑː
phonetics_text: pɑː
definition:
a young salmon (or trout) between the stages of fry and smolt, distinguished by dark rounded patches evenly spaced along its sides.


word: PARRICIDE
russian_word: отцеубийство
definition: the killing of a parent or other near relative.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparɪsʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈparɪsʌɪd
origin:
late 16th century: from French, from Latin parricidium ‘murder of a parent’, with first element of unknown origin, but for long associated with Latin pater ‘father’ and parens ‘parent’.


word: PARROT
russian_word: попугай
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈparət
phonetics_text: ˈparət
definition:
a bird, often vividly coloured, with a short downcurved hooked bill, grasping feet, and a raucous voice, found especially in the tropics and feeding on fruits and seeds. Many are popular as cage birds, and some are able to mimic the human voice.

origin:
early 16th century: probably from dialect French perrot, diminutive of the male given name Pierre ‘Peter’. Compare with parakeet.


word: PARROTFISH
russian_word: попугаи
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈparətfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈparətfɪʃ
definition:
any of a number of brightly coloured marine fish with a parrot-like beak, which they use to scrape food from coral and other hard surfaces.|a brightly coloured marine fish, especially one of the wrasse family.


word: PARRY
russian_word: парирование
example: he parried the blow by holding his sword vertically
definition: ward off (a weapon or attack) with a countermove.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpari
phonetics_text: ˈpari
synonyms:
ward off|fend off|stave off|turn aside|deflect|hold off|block|avert|counter|rebuff|repel|repulse|hold/keep at bay

origin:
late 17th century: probably representing French parez! ‘ward off!’, imperative of parer, from Italian parare ‘ward off’.


word: PARSE
russian_word: разбор
example: I asked a couple of students to parse these sentences for me
definition: resolve (a sentence) into its component parts and describe their syntactic roles.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɑːz
phonetics_text: pɑːz
origin:
mid 16th century: perhaps from Middle English pars  ‘parts of speech’, from Old French pars ‘parts’ (influenced by Latin pars ‘part’).


word: PARSEC
russian_word: парсек
origin: early 20th century: blend of parallax and second2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsɛk
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsɛk
definition:
a unit of distance used in astronomy, equal to about 3.26 light years (3.086 × 1013 kilometres). One parsec corresponds to the distance at which the mean radius of the earth's orbit subtends an angle of one second of arc.


word: PARSIMONIOUS
russian_word: скупой
example: even the parsimonious Joe paid for drinks all round
definition: very unwilling to spend money or use resources.
antonyms: generous|extravagant|lavish
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɑːsɪˈməʊnɪəs
phonetics_text: ˌpɑːsɪˈməʊnɪəs
synonyms:
miserly|niggardly|close-fisted|penny-pinching|cheese-paring|ungenerous|penurious|illiberal|close|grasping|Scrooge-like|stinting|sparing|frugal|mean|tight-fisted|stingy|tight|mingy|money-grubbing|skinflinty|cheap|near|tight-arsed|tight as a duck's arse|tight-assed


word: PARSIMONY
russian_word: бережливость
definition: extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources.
antonyms: generosity
origin: late Middle English: from Latin parsimonia, parcimonia, from parcere ‘be sparing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsɪməni
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsɪməni
synonyms:
meanness|miserliness|parsimoniousness|niggardliness|close-fistedness|closeness|penuriousness|penny-pinching|cheese-paring|illiberality|frugality|stinginess|minginess|tightness|tight-fistedness|cheapness|nearness


word: PARSLEY
russian_word: петрушка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsli
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsli
definition:
a biennial plant with white flowers and aromatic leaves which are either crinkly or flat and are used as a culinary herb and for garnishing food.

origin:
Old English petersilie, via late Latin based on Greek petroselinon, from petra ‘rock’ + selinon ‘parsley’, influenced in Middle English by Old French peresil, of the same origin.


word: PARSNIP
russian_word: пастернак
example: roasted parsnips
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsnɪp
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsnɪp
definition:
a long tapering cream-coloured root vegetable with a sweet flavour.|the Eurasian plant of the parsley family which yields parsnips.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pasnaie, from Latin pastinaca (related to pastinare ‘dig and trench the ground’). The change in the ending was due to association with neep.


word: PARSON
russian_word: пастор
definition: a beneficed member of the clergy; a rector or a vicar.
origin: Middle English: from Old French persone, from Latin persona ‘person’ (in medieval Latin ‘rector’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːs(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːs(ə)n
synonyms:
vicar|rector|clergyman|member of the clergy|cleric|chaplain|pastor|curate|churchman|man of the cloth|man of God|ecclesiastic|minister|priest|preacher|divine|curé|reverend|padre|Holy Joe|sky pilot|josser


word: PART
russian_word: часть
antonyms: whole|entirety
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adverb
phonetic: pɑːt
phonetics_text: pɑːt
example:
divide the circle into three equal parts|the painting tells only part of the story|she played a lot of leading parts|he played a key part in ending the revolt|the part in her hair was white and straight

definition:
an amount or section which, when combined with others, makes up the whole of something.|some but not all of something.|a role played by an actor or actress.|the contribution made by someone or something to an action or situation.|abilities.|a line of scalp revealed in a person's hair by combing the hair away in opposite directions on either side; a parting.

synonyms:
bit|slice|chunk|lump|hunk|wedge|fragment|scrap|segment|piece|portion|share|proportion|percentage|fraction|division|section

origin:
Old English (denoting a part of speech), from Latin pars, part- . The verb (originally in Middle English in the sense ‘divide into parts’) is from Old French partir, from Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’.


word: PARTAKE
russian_word: принимать участие
definition: eat or drink (something).|join in (an activity).|be characterized by (a quality).
origin: mid 16th century: back-formation from earlier partaker ‘person who takes a part’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɑːˈteɪk
phonetics_text: pɑːˈteɪk
example:
he partook of a well-earned drink|visitors can partake in golfing or clay pigeon shooting|the birth of twins became an event which partook of the mythic

synonyms:
consume|have|eat|drink|take|devour|polish off|ingest|tuck into|wolf down|dispose of|get outside of|get one's laughing gear round


word: PARTAKER
russian_word: участник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːˈteɪkə
phonetics_text: pɑːˈteɪkə
example:
a partaker of dark chocolate|we are annual partakers in the parade|to be partakers of the divine nature means we become more Godlike

definition:
a person who consumes or indulges in something.|a person who joins in an activity or action.|a person or thing that is characterized by a quality.


word: PARTERRE
russian_word: партер
example: he was planting bulbs in the parterre for a spring display
origin: early 17th century: from French, from par terre ‘on the ground’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːˈtɛː
phonetics_text: pɑːˈtɛː
definition:
a level space in a garden occupied by an ornamental arrangement of flower beds.|the part of the ground floor of a theatre auditorium behind the orchestra pit, especially the part beneath the balconies.


word: PARTHENOGENESIS
russian_word: партеногенез
example: cyclic parthenogenesis is well displayed in aphids
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek parthenos ‘virgin’ + genesis ‘creation’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɑːθɪnə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpɑːθɪnə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
definition:
reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, especially as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants.


word: PARTIAL
russian_word: частичный
antonyms: complete|total|whole
synonyms: incomplete|limited|qualified|restricted|imperfect|fragmentary|unfinished
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːʃ(ə)l
example:
a question to which we have only partial answers|the paper gave a distorted and very partial view of the situation|you know I'm partial to bacon and eggs

definition:
existing only in part; incomplete.|favouring one side in a dispute above the other; biased.|having a liking for.

origin:
late Middle English (in partial (sense 2 of the adjective)): from Old French parcial (partial (sense 2 of the adjective)), French partiel (partial (sense 1 of the adjective)), from late Latin partialis, from pars, part- ‘part’.


word: PARTIALITY
russian_word: пристрастность
example: an attack on the partiality of judges|Miller's partiality for flowering shrubs is evident
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːʃɪˈalɪti
phonetics_text: pɑːʃɪˈalɪti
definition:
unfair bias in favour of one person or thing; favouritism.|a particular liking or fondness for something.

synonyms:
bias|prejudice|favouritism|favour|partisanship|unfair preference|discrimination|unjustness|unfairness|inequity

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French parcialite, from medieval Latin partialitas, based on Latin pars, part- ‘part’.


word: PARTIALLY
russian_word: частично
example: the work partially fulfills the function of a historical memoir
definition: only in part; to a limited extent.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpɑːʃ(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːʃ(ə)li
synonyms:
to a limited extent/degree|partly|to a certain extent/degree|to some extent/degree|in part|not totally|not wholly|not entirely|not fully|relatively|moderately|(up) to a point|half|somewhat|in some measure|comparatively|fractionally|slightly|incompletely|ish


word: PARTIBLE
russian_word: делимый
example: the entire family lost status as a consequence of partible inheritance
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪb(ə)l
definition:
involving or denoting a system of inheritance in which a deceased person's estate is divided equally among the heirs.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘able to be parted’): from late Latin partibilis, from Latin partiri ‘divide into parts’.


word: PARTICIPANT
russian_word: участник
example: staff are to be active participants in the decision-making process
definition: a person who takes part in something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːˈtɪsɪp(ə)nt
phonetics_text: pɑːˈtɪsɪp(ə)nt
synonyms:
participator|contributor|sharer|party|member|partaker|entrant|competitor|player|contestant|contender|candidate

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin participant-, literally ‘sharing in’, from the verb participare (see participate).


word: PARTICIPATE
russian_word: участвовать
example: thousands participated in a nationwide strike|both members participate of harmony
definition: take part in an action or endeavour.|have or possess (a particular quality).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt
phonetics_text: pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt
synonyms:
take part|engage|join|get involved|share|play a part|play a role|be a participant|partake|cooperate|help|assist|lend a hand|go in for|contribute to|be associated with|associate oneself with|have a hand in|have something to do with|be (a) party to|get in on the act|pitch in

origin:
late 15th century: from Latin participat- ‘shared in’, from the verb participare, based on pars, part- ‘part’ + capere ‘take’.


word: PARTICIPATION
russian_word: участие
example: participation in chapel activities
definition: the action of taking part in something.
synonyms: involvement|taking part|part|engagement|contribution|sharing|association|partaking|joining in
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn
phonetics_text: pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin participatio(n- ), from participat- (see participate).


word: PARTICIPLE
russian_word: причастие
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪsɪp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪsɪp(ə)l|pɑːˈtɪsɪp(ə)l
definition:
a word formed from a verb (e.g. going, gone, being, been ) and used as an adjective (e.g. working woman, burnt toast ) or a noun (e.g. good breeding ). In English participles are also used to make compound verb forms (e.g. is going, has been ).

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, by-form of participe, from Latin participium ‘(verbal form) sharing (the functions of a noun)’, from participare ‘share in’.


word: PARTICLE
russian_word: частица
example: tiny particles of dust|he agrees without hearing the least particle of evidence
synonyms: bit|tiny bit|piece|tiny piece|speck|spot|fleck|dot|atom|molecule|mote|fragment|sliver|splinter
origin: late Middle English: from Latin particula ‘little part’, diminutive of pars, part- .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪk(ə)l
definition:
a minute portion of matter.|the least possible amount.|(in English) any of the class of words such as in, up, off, over, used with verbs to make phrasal verbs.


word: PARTICULAR
russian_word: конкретный
antonyms: general
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈtɪkjʊlə
phonetics_text: pəˈtɪkjʊlə
example:
the action seems to discriminate against a particular group of companies|when handling or checking cash the cashier should exercise particular care|she is very particular about cleanliness

definition:
used to single out an individual member of a specified group or class.|especially great or intense.|insisting that something should be correct or suitable in every detail; fastidious.

synonyms:
specific|certain|distinct|separate|isolated|single|individual|peculiar|discrete|definite|express|precise

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French particuler, from Latin particularis ‘concerning a small part’, from particula ‘small part’.


word: PARTICULARISM
russian_word: партикуляризм
example: such barriers are created by local particularism and privilege
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtɪkjʊlərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: pəˈtɪkjʊlərɪz(ə)m
definition:
exclusive attachment to one's own group, party, or nation.|the doctrine that some but not all people are elected and redeemed.

origin:
early 19th century: from French particularisme, modern Latin particularismus, and German Partikularismus, based on Latin particularis ‘concerning a small part’.


word: PARTICULARITY
russian_word: особенность
example: the central figures of his novels are stripped of their particularity
synonyms: individuality|distinctiveness|uniqueness|singularity|originality|peculiarity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˌtɪkjʊˈlarɪti
phonetics_text: pəˌtɪkjʊˈlarɪti
definition:
the quality of being individual.|the doctrine of God's incarnation as Jesus as a particular person at a particular time and place.

origin:
early 16th century (as particularities ‘details’): from Old French particularite or late Latin particularitas, from Latin particularis ‘concerning a small part’.


word: PARTICULARIZE
russian_word: вдаваться в подробности
example: he was the first to particularize themes in the poetry
definition: treat individually or in detail.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈtɪkjʊlərʌɪz
phonetics_text: pəˈtɪkjʊlərʌɪz
synonyms:
specify|detail|itemize|list|enumerate|spell out|be specific about|cite|stipulate|instance|distinguish|individuate


word: PARTICULARLY
russian_word: особенно
example: I don't particularly want to be reminded of that time|he particularly asked that I should help you
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈtɪkjʊləli
phonetics_text: pəˈtɪkjʊləli
definition:
to a higher degree than is usual or average.|so as to give special emphasis to a point; specifically.

synonyms:
especially|specially|very|extremely|exceptionally|singularly|peculiarly|distinctly|unusually|extraordinarily|extra|uncommonly|uniquely|remarkably|strikingly|outstandingly|amazingly|incredibly|awfully|terribly|really|notably|markedly|decidedly|surprisingly|conspicuously|powerful|right|seriously|majorly|mucho|jolly|dead|well|devilish|frightfully


word: PARTING
russian_word: расставание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪŋ
example:
they exchanged a few words on parting|the parting of the Red Sea|his hair was dark, with a side parting

definition:
the action of leaving or being separated from someone.|the action of dividing something into parts.|a line of scalp revealed in a person's hair by combing the hair away in opposite directions on either side.

synonyms:
farewell|leave-taking|goodbye|adieu|departure|leaving|going (away)|valediction|separation|break-up|splitting up|split|split-up|breaking up|divorce|rift|breach|parting of the ways|estrangement|rupture|bust-up


word: PARTISAN
russian_word: партизан
example: partisans of the exiled Stuarts|the partisans opened fire from the woods
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪzan
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪzan|ˌpɑːtɪˈzan
definition:
a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.|a member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in German-occupied Yugoslavia, Italy, and parts of eastern Europe in the Second World War.

synonyms:
supporter|follower|adherent|devotee|champion|backer|upholder|promoter|fanatic|fan|enthusiast|stalwart|zealot|disciple|votary|booster|cohort|rooter|janissary|sectary

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, via Italian dialect from Italian partigiano, from parte ‘part’ (from Latin pars, part- ).


word: PARTISANSHIP
russian_word: пристрастность
example: an act of blatant political partisanship
definition: prejudice in favour of a particular cause; bias.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪz(ə)nʃɪp
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪz(ə)nʃɪp
synonyms:
bias|prejudice|one-sidedness|discrimination|favouritism|favour|unfair preference|partiality|sectarianism|factionalism|injustice|unfairness|inequity


word: PARTITION
russian_word: раздел
example: the country's partition into separate states|the cafe was divided up by glass partitions
origin: late Middle English: from Latin partitio(n- ), from partiri ‘divide into parts’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɑːˈtɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɑːˈtɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
(especially with reference to a country with separate areas of government) the action or state of dividing or being divided into parts.|a structure dividing a space into two parts, especially a light interior wall.

synonyms:
dividing up|partitioning|separation|division|dividing|subdivision|splitting|splitting up|split-up|breaking up|break-up|parting|segregation|severance|partitionment


word: PARTITIVE
russian_word: партитивный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtɪtɪv
definition:
denoting a grammatical construction used to indicate that only a part of a whole is referred to, for example a slice of bacon, a series of accidents, some of the children.


word: PARTLY
russian_word: частично
example: the result is partly a matter of skill and partly of chance
definition: to some extent; not completely.
antonyms: completely|wholly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpɑːtli
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtli
synonyms:
to a certain extent/degree|to some extent/degree|to a limited extent/degree|in part|partially|a little|somewhat|not totally|not wholly|not entirely|not fully|relatively|moderately|(up) to a point|half|in some measure|comparatively|slightly|ish


word: PARTNER
russian_word: партнер
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːtnə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtnə
example:
arrange the children in pairs so that each person has a partner|she lived with her partner|how you doing, partner?

definition:
either of a pair of people engaged together in the same activity.|either member of a married couple or of an established unmarried couple.|a friendly form of address by one man to another.

origin:
Middle English: alteration of parcener  ‘partner, joint heir’, from Anglo-Norman French parcener, based on Latin partitio(n- ) ‘partition’. The change in the first syllable was due to association with part.


word: PARTNERSHIP
russian_word: партнерство
definition: the state of being a partner or partners.|an association of two or more people as partners.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp
example:
we should go on working together in partnership|an increase in partnerships with housing associations

synonyms:
cooperation|association|collaboration|coalition|alliance|union|compact|league|confederation|co-partnership|affiliation|relationship|fellowship|connection|consociation


word: PARTURIENT
russian_word: рожающая
example: hospitalized parturient women
definition: (of a woman or female mammal) about to give birth; in labour.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɑːˈtjʊərɪənt
phonetics_text: pɑːˈtjʊərɪənt
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin parturient- ‘being in labour’, from the verb parturire, inceptive of parere ‘bring forth’.


word: PARTY
russian_word: партия
example: an engagement party|draft the party's election manifesto|a contract between two parties
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːti
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːti
definition:
a social gathering of invited guests, typically involving eating, drinking, and entertainment.|a formally constituted political group that contests elections and attempts to form or take part in a government.|a person or people forming one side in an agreement or dispute.

synonyms:
social gathering|gathering|social occasion|social event|social function|function|get-together|celebration|reunion|festivity|jamboree|reception|at-home|soirée|social|dance|ball|ceilidh|frolic|carousal|carouse|fete|hoedown|shower|bake|cookout|levee|keg party|corroboree|bashment|luau|tertulia|simcha|bash|shindig|shindy|rave|blowout|beer-up|disco|do|shebang|bop|hop|whoopee|after-party|rave-up|thrash|knees-up|beanfeast|beano|bunfight|jolly|lig|hooley|crack|blast|wingding|kegger|shivoo|rage|ding|jollo|rort|jol|squash|squeeze|ding-dong

origin:
Middle English (denoting a body of people united in opposition to others, also in party1 (sense 2 of the noun)): from Old French partie, based on Latin partiri ‘divide into parts’. party1 (sense 1 of the noun) dates from the early 18th century.


word: PARVENU
russian_word: выскочка
example: the political inexperience of a parvenu
definition: a person of humble origin who has gained wealth, influence, or celebrity.
synonyms: upstart|social climber|arriviste|vulgarian|the nouveau riche|the new rich
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːvənuː
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːvənuː|ˈpɑːvənjuː
origin:
early 19th century: from French, literally ‘arrived’, past participle of parvenir, from Latin pervenire ‘come to, reach’.


word: PARVIS
russian_word: паперть
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːvɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːvɪs
definition:
an enclosed area in front of a cathedral or church, typically surrounded with colonnades or porticoes.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, based on late Latin paradisus ‘paradise’, in the Middle Ages denoting a court in front of St Peter's, Rome.


word: PARVOVIRUS
russian_word: парвовирус
origin: 1960s: from Latin parvus ‘small’ + virus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːvəʊˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːvəʊˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
any of a class of very small viruses chiefly affecting animals, especially one ( canine parvovirus ) which causes contagious disease in dogs.


word: PASCAL
russian_word: паскаль
origin: 1950s: named after B. Pascal (see Pascal, Blaise).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpask(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpask(ə)l
definition:
the SI unit of pressure, equal to one newton per square metre (approximately 0.000145 pounds per square inch, or 9.9 × 10−6 atmospheres).


word: PASCHAL
russian_word: пасхальный
definition: relating to Easter.|relating to the Jewish Passover.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpask(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpask(ə)l|ˈpɑːsk(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from ecclesiastical Latin paschalis, from pascha ‘feast of Passover’, via Greek and Aramaic from Hebrew Pesaḥ ‘Passover’.


word: PASEO
russian_word: прогулка
origin: Spanish, literally ‘step’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: paˈseɪəʊ
phonetics_text: paˈseɪəʊ
definition:
(in Spain or Spanish-speaking parts of the south-western US) a leisurely walk or stroll, especially one taken in the evening in which young people may socialize with each other.


word: PASHA
russian_word: паша
origin: mid 17th century: from Turkish paşa, from Pahlavi pati ‘lord’ + šāh ‘shah’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpaʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpaʃə
definition:
the title of a Turkish officer of high rank.|a large orange-brown butterfly with two tails on each hindwing and complex patterns on the underwings, occurring around the Mediterranean and in Africa.


word: PASQUINADE
russian_word: пасквиль
example: he delivered a long pasquinade at the expense of my friend
definition: a satire or lampoon, originally one displayed or delivered in a public place.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpaskwɪˈneɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpaskwɪˈneɪd
origin:
late 16th century: from Italian pasquinata, from Pasquino, the name of a statue in Rome on which abusive Latin verses were posted annually.


word: PASS
russian_word: проходить
antonyms: halt|stop
synonyms: go|proceed|move|progress|make one's way|travel|drive|fly|run|flow|course|stream|roll|drift|sweep
origin: Middle English: from Old French passer, based on Latin passus ‘pace’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun|exclamation
phonetic: pɑːs
phonetics_text: pɑːs
example:
he passed through towns and villages|on the way to the station she passed a cinema|the day and night passed slowly|your letter has been passed to Mr Rich for action|she passed her driving test|the bill was passed despite fierce opposition|passing judgement on these crucial issues|she may have difficulty in passing urine|we pass on pudding and have coffee

definition:
move or cause to move in a specified direction.|go past or across; leave behind or on one side in proceeding.|(of time) elapse; go by.|transfer (something) to someone, especially by handing or bequeathing it to the next person in a series.|(of a candidate) be successful in (an examination, test, or course).|(of a legislative or other official body) approve or put into effect (a proposal or law) by voting on it.|pronounce (a judgement or judicial sentence).|discharge (something, especially urine or faeces) from the body.|forgo one's turn in a game or an offered opportunity to do or have something.


word: PASSABLE
russian_word: проходимый
example: he spoke passable English|the road was passable with care
antonyms: unacceptable|excellent
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from passer ‘to pass’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɑːsəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsəb(ə)l
definition:
just good enough to be acceptable; satisfactory.|(of a route or road) clear of obstacles and able to be travelled on.

synonyms:
adequate|all right|fairly good|acceptable|sufficiently good|sufficient|satisfactory|moderately good|not (too) bad|average|tolerable|fair|decent|respectable|presentable|admissible|allowable|mediocre|middling|ordinary|run-of-the-mill|workaday|indifferent|unremarkable|undistinguished|unexceptional|OK|so-so|fair-to-middling|nothing to write home about|no great shakes|not up to much|not much cop|bog-standard|vanilla|plain vanilla|half-pie


word: PASSABLY
russian_word: сносно
example: he was passably attractive
definition: in a way that is just good enough; reasonably.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpɑːsəbli
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsəbli
synonyms:
quite|rather|somewhat|fairly|reasonably|moderately|comparatively|relatively|after a fashion|to a limited extent/degree|to a certain degree|to some extent|tolerably|adequately|satisfactorily|pretty|ish


word: PASSACAGLIA
russian_word: пассакалья
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpasəˈkɑːlɪə
phonetics_text: ˌpasəˈkɑːlɪə
definition:
a composition similar to a chaconne, typically in slow triple time with variations over a ground bass.

origin:
Italian, from Spanish pasacalle, from pasar ‘to pass’ + calle ‘street’ (because originally it was a dance often played in the streets).


word: PASSAGE
russian_word: проезд
synonyms: transit|progress|passing|movement|moving|motion|going|crossing|travelling|traversal|traverse
origin: Middle English: from Old French, based on Latin passus ‘pace’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpasɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪdʒ
example:
there were moorings for boats wanting passage through the lock|the larger bedroom was at the end of the passage|an allegory on the theme of the passage from ignorance to knowledge|he picked up the newspaper and read the passage again|cultured cells can replicate on serial passage for predictable periods of time

definition:
the action or process of moving through or past somewhere on the way from one place to another.|a narrow way allowing access between buildings or to different rooms within a building; a passageway.|the process of transition from one state to another.|a short extract from a book or other printed material.|the propagation of microorganisms or cells in a series of host organisms or culture media, so as to maintain them or modify their virulence.


word: PASSAGEWAY
russian_word: проход
example: her hotel was at the end of a narrow passageway off the main street
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpasɪdʒweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪdʒweɪ
definition:
a long, narrow way, typically having walls either side, that allows access between buildings or to different rooms within a building.

synonyms:
corridor|hall|passage|hallway|walkway|gangway|aisle|alley|alleyway|lane|path|pathway|way|footpath|track|trackway|road|thoroughfare|ginnel|snicket|vennel|wynd|twitten|twitchel|areaway|trace|gully


word: PASSANT
russian_word: идущий с поднятой правой передней лапой и смотрящий вправо
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘proceeding’, present participle of passer .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpas(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpas(ə)nt
definition:
(of an animal) represented as walking, with the right front foot raised. The animal is depicted in profile facing the dexter side with the tail raised, unless otherwise specified (e.g. as ‘passant guardant’).


word: PASS AWAY
russian_word: исчезать
example: she passed away in her sleep
definition: die.
antonyms: live|survive
synonyms:
die|lose one's life|depart this life|expire|breathe one's last|draw one's last breath|meet one's end|meet one's death|lay down one's life|be no more|perish|be lost|go the way of the flesh|go the way of all flesh|go to glory|go to one's last resting place|go to meet one's maker|cross the great divide|cross the Styx|give up the ghost|kick the bucket|bite the dust|croak|flatline|conk out|buy it|turn up one's toes|cash in one's chips|go belly up|shuffle off this mortal coil|go the way of the dinosaurs|push up the daisies|be six feet under|snuff it|peg out|pop one's clogs|hop the twig/stick|bite the big one|buy the farm|check out|hand in one's dinner pail|go bung|exit|decease


word: PASSBOOK
russian_word: банковская книжка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsbʊk
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsbʊk
definition:
a book issued by a bank or building society to an account holder, recording sums deposited and withdrawn.|(in South Africa under apartheid) a black person's pass.


word: PASSEMENTERIE
russian_word: отделка бисером
origin: early 17th century: French, from passement ‘braid’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpasm(ə)ntri
phonetics_text: ˈpasm(ə)ntri
definition:
decorative trimming such as tassels, braid, and fringing, used on furniture and clothing (e.g. military uniforms).


word: PASSENGER
russian_word: пассажир
example: more than 50 passengers escaped injury when a train was derailed
definition: a traveller on a public or private conveyance other than the driver, pilot, or crew.
synonyms: traveller|commuter|voyager|rider|fare payer|fare|deck passenger|foot passenger
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpasɪndʒə
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪndʒə
origin:
Middle English: from the Old French adjective passager ‘passing, transitory’, used as a noun, from passage (see passage1).


word: PASSER
russian_word: прохожий
example: the passer of the note|a passer of legislation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsə
definition:
a person who gives or transfers something to someone else.|a legislative or other official body that approves or puts into effect a proposal or law by voting on it.


word: PASSERINE
russian_word: птица из отряда воробьиных
origin: late 18th century: from Latin passer ‘sparrow’ + -ine1.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpasərʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpasərʌɪn|ˈpasəriːn
definition:
relating to or denoting birds of a large order distinguished by having feet that are adapted for perching, including all songbirds.


word: PASSIBLE
russian_word: чувствительный
example: only the humanity of Jesus is regarded as passible
definition: capable of feeling or suffering; susceptible to sensation or emotion.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpasɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin passibilis, from Latin pass- ‘suffered’, from the verb pati .


word: PASSION
russian_word: страсть
example: a man of impetuous passion|meditations on the Passion of Christ
definition: strong and barely controllable emotion.|the suffering and death of Jesus.
synonyms: crucifixion|pain|suffering|agony|martyrdom|martyrization
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpaʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpaʃ(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin passio(n- ) (chiefly a term in Christian theology), from Latin pati ‘suffer’.


word: PASSIONATE
russian_word: страстный
example: passionate pleas for help
definition: having, showing, or caused by strong feelings or beliefs.
antonyms: apathetic|half-hearted|phlegmatic|placid
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpaʃ(ə)nət
phonetics_text: ˈpaʃ(ə)nət
synonyms:
intense|impassioned|ardent|fervent|fervid|zealous|vehement|fiery|heated|feverish|emotional|heartfelt|eager|excited|animated|spirited|vigorous|strong|energetic|messianic|fanatical|frenzied|wild|fierce|consuming|violent|tumultuous|flaming|raging|burning|uncontrollable|ungovernable|perfervid|passional|very keen on|very enthusiastic about|addicted to|devoted to|infatuated with|mad about|crazy about|hooked on|nuts about|nutty about|gone on|nutso over|shook on|excitable|volatile|mercurial|quick-tempered|hot-headed|highly strung|hot-blooded|impulsive|temperamental|tempestuous|dramatic|melodramatic

origin:
late Middle English (also in the senses ‘easily moved to passion’ and ‘enraged’): from medieval Latin passionatus ‘full of passion’, from passio (see passion).


word: PASSIONLESS
russian_word: бесстрастный
example: the voice is passionless, monotone
definition: lacking strong emotion; unemotional.
antonyms: passionate|exciting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpaʃnləs
phonetics_text: ˈpaʃnləs
synonyms:
unemotional|cold|cold-blooded|emotionless|frigid|cool|unfeeling|unloving|unresponsive|undemonstrative|impassive|withdrawn|unapproachable|aloof|detached|distant|dispassionate|remote|dull|boring|lacking in vitality|spiritless|lifeless|soulless|wooden|dry|desiccated|flat|uninspired|unimpassioned|insipid|lacklustre|colourless|anaemic|bloodless|vapid


word: PASSIVATE
russian_word: пассивировать
example: the process both cleans and passivates stainless steel
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpasɪveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪveɪt
definition:
make (a metal or other substance) unreactive by altering the surface layer or coating the surface with a thin inert layer.


word: PASSIVE
russian_word: пассивный
antonyms: active|assertive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpasɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪv
example:
the women were portrayed as passive victims|a passive optical network is to be installed in 2000 homes

definition:
accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance.|denoting a voice of verbs in which the subject undergoes the action of the verb (e.g. they were killed as opposed to the active form he killed them ).|(of a circuit or device) containing no source of electromotive force.|(of a metal) made unreactive by a thin inert surface layer of oxide.

synonyms:
submissive|acquiescent|unresisting|yielding|unassertive|non-resistant|compliant|complaisant|pliant|resigned|obedient|docile|tractable|malleable|pliable|meek|subdued|deferential|forbearing|long-suffering|patient|lamblike|non-violent|supine|non-aggressive|resistless

origin:
late Middle English(in passive (sense 2 of the adjective), also in the sense ‘(exposed to) suffering, acted on by an external agency’): from Latin passivus, from pass- ‘suffered’, from the verb pati .


word: PASSIVELY
russian_word: пассивно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpasɪvli
phonetics_text: ˈpasɪvli
example:
we don't have to sit passively by while others decide our fate|it is passively expressed that he was "carried up"|some cell phones passively receive data from geosynchronous satellites

definition:
in an accepting manner, without active response or resistance.|using the passive voice.|from a transmitter or target rather than by generating a signal.


word: PASSIVE VOICE
russian_word: пассив
example: the second sentence is in the passive voice
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject undergoes the action of the verb (e.g. they were killed as opposed to the active form he killed them ).


word: PASSIVITY
russian_word: пассивность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: paˈsɪvɪti
phonetics_text: paˈsɪvɪti
example:
the perceived passivity of the populace is deceptive|nickel increases the overall passivity of the iron

definition:
acceptance of what happens, without active response or resistance.|the state of inactivity of a metal made unreactive by a thin inert surface layer of oxide.


word: PASS OFF
russian_word: оставлять без внимания
synonyms: misrepresent|falsely represent|give a false identity to|disguise|dress up
example:
the drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being passed off as the real stuff|he made a light joke and passed it off|the weekend had passed off entirely without incident|he scored eight times and passed off forty-one assists

definition:
falsely represent a person or thing as being someone or something else.|evade or lightly dismiss an awkward remark.|happen or be concluded in a specified, usually satisfactory way.|throw the ball to a teammate who is unmarked.


word: PASSOVER
russian_word: Пасха
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːsəʊvə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːsəʊvə
definition:
the major Jewish spring festival which commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, lasting seven or eight days from the 15th day of Nisan.

origin:
from pass over ‘pass without touching’, with reference to the exemption of the Israelites from the death of their firstborn (Exod. 12).


word: PASSPORT
russian_word: паспорт
example: a British citizen with a valid passport does not need a visa to visit the US
synonyms: travel document|travel papers|papers|travel permit|visa|identity card|ID|laissez-passer
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːspɔːt
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːspɔːt
definition:
an official document issued by a government, certifying the holder's identity and citizenship and entitling them to travel under its protection to and from foreign countries.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting authorization to depart from a port): from French passeport, from passer ‘to pass’ + port ‘seaport’.


word: PASS UP
russian_word: отказываться
example: he passed up a career in pro baseball
definition: refrain from taking up an opportunity.
synonyms:
fail to take advantage of|turn down|reject|refuse|decline|deny oneself|give up|forgo|let go by|let pass|miss|miss out on|ignore|brush aside|dismiss|waive|spurn|neglect|abandon|give something a miss


word: PAST
russian_word: мимо
example: the danger is now past
definition: gone by in time and no longer existing.
origin: Middle English: variant of passed, past participle of pass1.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|preposition|adverb
phonetic: pɑːst
phonetics_text: pɑːst
synonyms:
gone by|over|over and done with|no more|gone|done|dead and buried|finished|ended|forgotten|bygone|former|old|of old|earlier|long-ago|ancient|defunct|extinct|of yore|olden|foregone


word: PASTA
russian_word: макаронные изделия
origin: late 19th century: from Italian, literally ‘paste’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpastə
phonetics_text: ˈpastə
definition:
a dish originally from Italy consisting of dough made from durum wheat and water, extruded or stamped into various shapes and typically cooked in boiling water.


word: PASTE
russian_word: паста
example: blend onions, sugar, and oil to a paste
definition: a thick, soft, moist substance typically produced by mixing dry ingredients with a liquid.
synonyms: puree|mixture|pulp|mush|pap|blend|goo
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: peɪst
phonetics_text: peɪst
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin pasta ‘medicinal preparation in the shape of a small square’, probably from Greek pastē, (plural) pasta ‘barley porridge’, from pastos ‘sprinkled’.


word: PASTERN
russian_word: бабка
definition: the sloping part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpast(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpast(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French pasturon, from pasture ‘strap for hobbling a horse’, transferred in sense to the joint of the foot.


word: PASTEURIZATION
russian_word: пастеризация
example: pasteurization reduces the risk of food poisoning
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːstʃərʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɑːstʃərʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n|pastʃərʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the partial sterilization of a product, such as milk or wine, to make it safe for consumption and improve its keeping quality.


word: PASTEURIZE
russian_word: пастеризовать
example: dairies were now required by law to pasteurize milk
origin: late 19th century: from the name of L. Pasteur (see Pasteur, Louis) + -ize.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːstʃərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːstʃərʌɪz|ˈpastʃərʌɪz
definition:
subject (milk, wine, or other products) to a process of partial sterilization, especially one involving heat treatment or irradiation, thus making the product safe for consumption and improving its keeping quality.


word: PASTEURIZED
russian_word: пастеризованный
example: pasteurized milk
origin: late 19th century: from pasteurize + -ed2.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpastʃərʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ˈpastʃərʌɪzd|ˈpɑːstʃərʌɪzd
definition:
(of milk, wine, or other products) subjected to a process of partial sterilization, especially one involving heat treatment or irradiation, to make the product safe for consumption and improve its keeping quality.


word: PASTIME
russian_word: времяпровождение
example: his favourite pastimes were shooting and golf
definition: an activity that someone does regularly for enjoyment rather than work; a hobby.
origin: late 15th century: from the verb pass1 + time, translating French passe-temps .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːstʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːstʌɪm
synonyms:
hobby|leisure activity/pursuit|sport|game|recreation|amusement|avocation|diversion|divertissement|distraction|relaxation|pleasure|entertainment|fun|interest|sideline|enthusiasm|passion|fad|craze|mania|obsession|bug|thing


word: PAST MASTER
russian_word: магистр
part_of_speech: noun
example:
he's a past master at keeping his whereabouts secret|he was a past master of the City Company of Grocers

definition:
a person who is particularly skilled at a specified activity or art.|a person who has held the position of master in an organization.

synonyms:
expert|virtuoso|master|wizard|genius|artist|old hand|adept|professional|doyen|veteran|maestro|connoisseur|authority|grandmaster|master hand|skilled person|ace|buff|pro|star|whizz|hotshot|ninja|dab hand|maven|crackerjack


word: PASTOR
russian_word: пастор
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːstə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːstə
definition:
a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation, especially in some non-episcopal churches.|another term for rose-coloured starling.

synonyms:
priest|minister (of religion)|parson|clergyman|cleric|chaplain|padre|father|ecclesiastic|man of God|man of the cloth|churchman|preacher|kirkman|dominie|reverend|Holy Joe|sky pilot|josser

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French pastour, from Latin pastor ‘shepherd’, from past- ‘fed, grazed’, from the verb pascere .


word: PASTORAL
russian_word: пастораль
example: scattered pastoral farms|pastoral and doctrinal issues
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɑːst(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːst(ə)r(ə)l
definition:
(of land) used for the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle.|(in the Christian Church) concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance.

synonyms:
priestly|clerical|ecclesiastical|ministerial|hieratic|sacerdotal|vicarial|parsonical|rectorial|churchly|prelatic|apostolic

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin pastoralis ‘relating to a shepherd’, from pastor ‘shepherd’ (see pastor).


word: PASTORALE
russian_word: пастораль
origin: early 18th century: from Italian, literally ‘pastoral’ (adjective used as a noun).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpastəˈrɑːl
phonetics_text: ˌpastəˈrɑːl
example:
the pastorales in Handel's Messiah and Corelli's Christmas Concerto|these two short pastorales are considered the earliest true operas in French

definition:
a slow instrumental composition in compound time, usually with drone notes in the bass.|a simple musical play with a rural subject.


word: PASTURE
russian_word: пастбище
example: areas of rich meadow pasture|she left the office for pastures new
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɑːstʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpɑːstʃə
definition:
land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep.|used to refer to a person's situation in life.

synonyms:
grazing land|grazing|grassland|grass|pastureland|pasturage|range|ley|paddock|croft|meadow|field|water meadow|sheep walk|shieling|bent|lea|mead|greensward|sward|bawn|run|veld|alp|bocage|potrero

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin pastura ‘grazing’, from past- ‘grazed’, from the verb pascere .


word: PAT
russian_word: похлопывание
example: he patted him consolingly on the shoulder
definition: touch quickly and gently with the flat of the hand.
synonyms: tap|slap lightly|clap|dab|touch|stroke|pet|caress|fondle|rub
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pat
phonetics_text: pat
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting a blow with something flat): probably imitative. The verb dates from the mid 16th century.


word: PATACA
russian_word: патака
definition: the basic monetary unit of Macao, equivalent to 100 avos.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtɑːkə
phonetics_text: pəˈtɑːkə
origin:
Spanish and Portuguese, originally referring to any of various silver coins current in Portuguese and Spanish territories from the 16th to the 18th centuries.


word: PATCH
russian_word: пластырь
synonyms: reinforcement|piece sewn on
origin: late Middle English: perhaps from a variant of Old French pieche, dialect variant of piece ‘piece’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: patʃ
phonetics_text: patʃ
example:
the jacket was of well-worn tweed with leather patches on the elbows|his hair was combed forward to hide a growing bald patch|they spent Sundays digging their vegetable patch|he may have been going through a bad patch|a program patch that fixes a bug

definition:
a piece of cloth or other material used to mend or strengthen a torn or weak point.|a part of something marked out from the rest by a particular characteristic.|a small piece of ground, especially one used for gardening.|a particular period of time.|a temporary electrical or telephone connection.|a small piece of code inserted into a program to improve its functioning or to correct a fault.


word: PATCHOULI
russian_word: пачули
origin: mid 19th century: from Tamil pacc̣uli .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatʃʊli
phonetics_text: ˈpatʃʊli|pəˈtʃuːli
definition:
an aromatic oil obtained from a SE Asian shrub, which is used in perfumery, insecticides, and medicine.|the strongly scented shrub of the mint family from which patchouli is obtained.


word: PATCHWORK
russian_word: пэчворк
example: a piece of patchwork
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatʃwəːk
phonetics_text: ˈpatʃwəːk
definition:
needlework in which small pieces of cloth in different designs, colours, or textures are sewn together.


word: PATCHY
russian_word: пятнистый
example: patchy fog
definition: existing or happening in small, isolated areas.
antonyms: uniform|constant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpatʃi
phonetics_text: ˈpatʃi
synonyms:
uneven|bitty|varying|variable|variegated|dappled|mottled|speckled|multicoloured|intermittent|fitful|occasional|fluctuating|sporadic|erratic|irregular|random|peaky


word: PATEN
russian_word: дискос
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpat(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpat(ə)n
definition:
a plate, typically made of gold or silver, used for holding the bread during the Eucharist and sometimes as a cover for the chalice.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French patene, from Latin patina ‘shallow dish’, from Greek patanē ‘a plate’.


word: PATENT
russian_word: патент
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈpat(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpat(ə)nt|ˈpeɪt(ə)nt
example:
he took out a patent for an improved steam hammer|designs in a wide range of textures featuring super-chic patent, soft suede, or sophisticated nappa

definition:
a government authority or licence conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.|patent leather.

synonyms:
copyright|licence|legal protection|right|performing right|permit|privilege|charter|franchise|registered trademark

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin patent- ‘lying open’, from the verb patere . The noun sense is from letters patent.


word: PATER
russian_word: Патер
definition: father.|a person's legal father.
origin: Latin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪtə
example:
the pater gives her fifty pounds a year as a dress allowance|a man's genitor was not necessarily the same individual as his pater


word: PATERA
russian_word: патера
origin: Latin, from patere ‘be or lie open’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpat(ə)rə
phonetics_text: ˈpat(ə)rə
definition:
a broad, shallow dish used in ancient Rome for pouring libations.|a broad, shallow bowl-shaped feature on the surface of a planet.


word: PATERNAL
russian_word: отцовский
example: he reasserted his paternal authority|his father and paternal grandfather were porcelain painters
definition: of or appropriate to a father.|related through the father.
antonyms: maternal
synonyms: on one's father's side|patrilineal|patrimonial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈtəːn(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈtəːn(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin paternalis, from Latin paternus ‘fatherly, belonging to a father’, from pater ‘father’.


word: PATERNALISM
russian_word: патернализм
example: attitudes in society reinforce a degree of paternalism among doctors
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtəːn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: pəˈtəːn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
the policy or practice on the part of people in authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to or otherwise dependent on them in their supposed interest.


word: PATERNALISTIC
russian_word: отеческий
example: the paternalistic attitude of colonial Victorians
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pətəːn(ə)ˈlɪstɪk
phonetics_text: pətəːn(ə)ˈlɪstɪk
definition:
relating to or characterized by the restriction of the freedom and responsibilities of subordinates or dependants in their supposed interest.


word: PATERNITY
russian_word: отцовство
definition: (especially in legal contexts) the state of being someone's father.|paternal origin.
synonyms: fatherhood|fathership
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtəːnɪti
phonetics_text: pəˈtəːnɪti
example:
he refused to admit paternity of the child|his enemies made great play of the supposed dubiety of his paternity

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French paternité, from late Latin paternitas, from paternus ‘relating to a father’.


word: PATERNOSTER
russian_word: заклятие
origin: Old English, from Latin pater noster ‘our father’, the first words of the Lord's Prayer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpatəˈnɒstə
phonetics_text: ˌpatəˈnɒstə
definition:
(in the Roman Catholic Church) the Lord's Prayer, especially in Latin.|a lift consisting of a series of linked compartments moving continuously on an endless belt.|a fishing line to which hooks or weights are attached at intervals.


word: PATH
russian_word: путь
example: the path continues alongside the river for half a mile
definition: a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɑːθ
phonetics_text: pɑːθ
synonyms:
footpath|pathway|track|jogging track|trail|trackway|ride|riding|towpath|walk|walkway|promenade|esplanade|avenue|lane|alley|alleyway|passage|passageway|byway|sidetrack|berm|causeway|right of way|pavement|footway|bridleway|bridle path|cycle path|cycle track|cycleway|sidewalk|bikeway|trace|pavé

origin:
Old English pæth, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch pad, German Pfad, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: PATHETIC
russian_word: жалкий
example: she looked so pathetic that I bent down to comfort her|he's a pathetic excuse for a man
antonyms: comical|cheerful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: pəˈθɛtɪk
definition:
arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness.|miserably inadequate; of very low standard.|relating to the emotions.

synonyms:
pitiful|pitiable|piteous|to be pitied|moving|touching|poignant|plaintive|stirring|affecting|distressing|disquieting|disturbing|upsetting|miserable|heartbreaking|heart-rending|agonizing|harrowing|mortifying|sad|wretched|poor|forlorn|tragic|doleful|mournful|woeful|distressful

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘affecting the emotions’): via late Latin from Greek pathētikos ‘sensitive’, based on pathos ‘suffering’.


word: PATHETICALLY
russian_word: патетически
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈθɛtɪk(ə)li
phonetics_text: pəˈθɛtɪk(ə)li
example:
she threw her arms around him and sobbed pathetically|he argued rather pathetically for an election boycott

definition:
in a way that arouses pity, especially by displaying vulnerability or sadness.|in a miserably inadequate or ridiculous way.


word: PATHOGNOMONIC
russian_word: характерный для данной болезни
example: body image disturbance is pathognomonic of anorexia nervosa
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpaθəɡnə(ʊ)ˈmɒnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpaθəɡnə(ʊ)ˈmɒnɪk
definition:
(of a sign or symptom) specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.

origin:
early 17th century: from Greek pathognōmonikos ‘skilled in diagnosis’, from pathos ‘suffering’ + gnōmōn ‘judge’.


word: PATHOGRAPHY
russian_word: описание болезни
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈθɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: pəˈθɒɡrəfi
example:
pathography is a psychoanalytic approach to the realm of art that depends on detailed knowledge of an artist's personal life history

definition:
the study of the life of an individual or the history of a community with regard to the influence of a particular disease or psychological disorder.


word: PATHOLOGICAL
russian_word: патологический
definition: relating to pathology.|involving or caused by a physical or mental disease.|compulsive; obsessive.
synonyms: morbid|diseased
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: paθəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: paθəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
example:
the interpretation of pathological studies|glands with a pathological abnormality|a pathological gambler


word: PATHOLOGICALLY
russian_word: патологически
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: paθəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)li
phonetics_text: paθəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)li
example:
bronchiectasis is defined pathologically as permanent dilatation of the bronchi|I am pathologically shy

definition:
in a way that relates to pathology or disease.|in a way that is psychologically unhealthy or abnormal; compulsively.


word: PATHOLOGIST
russian_word: патолог
example: a pathologist carried out a post-mortem examination
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈθɒlədʒɪst
phonetics_text: pəˈθɒlədʒɪst
definition:
a scientist who studies the causes and effects of diseases, especially one who examines laboratory samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.


word: PATHOLOGY
russian_word: патология
example: research people skilled in experimental pathology
origin: early 17th century: from modern or medieval Latin pathologia (see patho-, -logy).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈθɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: pəˈθɒlədʒi
definition:
the science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.


word: PATIENCE
russian_word: терпение
example: you can find bargains if you have the patience to sift through the rubbish
antonyms: impatience
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪʃ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪʃ(ə)ns
definition:
the capacity to accept or tolerate delay, problems, or suffering without becoming annoyed or anxious.|any of various forms of card game for one player, the object of which is to use up all one's cards by forming particular arrangements and sequences.

synonyms:
forbearance|tolerance|restraint|self-restraint|resignation|stoicism|fortitude|sufferance|endurance|calmness|composure|even temper|even-temperedness|equanimity|equilibrium|serenity|tranquillity|imperturbability|unexcitability|understanding|indulgence|lenience|kindness|consideration|longanimity|inexcitability|perseverance|persistence|tenacity|diligence|assiduity|application|staying power|indefatigability|doggedness|determination|resolve|resolution|resoluteness|obstinacy|insistence|singleness of purpose|purposefulness|pertinacity

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin patientia, from patient- ‘suffering’, from the verb pati .


word: PATIENT
russian_word: пациент
example: be patient, your time will come
definition: able to accept or tolerate delays, problems, or suffering without becoming annoyed or anxious.
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin patient- ‘suffering’, from the verb pati .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt
synonyms:
forbearing|uncomplaining|tolerant|long-suffering|resigned|stoical|calm|composed|serene|even-tempered|tranquil|imperturbable|unexcitable|accommodating|understanding|indulgent|kind|considerate|unflappable|cool|longanimous|equanimous|inexcitable|persevering|persistent|tenacious|diligent|assiduous|indefatigable|dogged|determined|resolved|resolute|obstinate|insistent|single-minded|purposeful|pertinacious


word: PATIENTLY
russian_word: терпеливо
example: the assembled hordes waited patiently to get in
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpeɪʃ(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪʃ(ə)ntli
definition:
in a way that shows tolerance of delays, problems, or suffering without becoming annoyed or anxious.


word: PATINA
russian_word: патина
example: many bronzes have been overcleaned, their original patina removed and artificially replaced
origin: mid 18th century: from Italian, from Latin patina ‘shallow dish’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatɪnə
phonetics_text: ˈpatɪnə
definition:
a green or brown film on the surface of bronze or similar metals, produced by oxidation over a long period.


word: PATIO
russian_word: патио
example: the dining room looks out to a small patio
definition: a paved outdoor area adjoining a house.
origin: early 19th century: from Spanish, denoting an inner courtyard.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatɪəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpatɪəʊ
synonyms:
terrace|courtyard|veranda|loggia|court|plaza|quadrangle|quad|cloister|sun deck|deck|porch|sleepout|stoep|lanai|peristyle


word: PATISSERIE
russian_word: кондитерская
example: the patisserie also specializes in cheesecakes and tortes
definition: a shop where pastries and cakes are sold.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtiːs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: pəˈtiːs(ə)ri|pəˈtɪs(ə)ri
origin:
late 16th century: from French pâtisserie, from medieval Latin pasticium ‘pastry’, from pasta ‘paste’.


word: PATOIS
russian_word: местный говор
example: the nurse talked to me in a patois that even Italians would have had difficulty in understanding
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatwɑː
phonetics_text: ˈpatwɑː
definition:
the dialect of a particular region, especially one with low status in relation to the standard language of the country.

synonyms:
vernacular|dialect|local parlance|local variety|regional language|non-standard language/variety|jargon|argot|patter|cant|-speak|(local) lingo

origin:
mid 17th century: French, literally ‘rough speech’, perhaps from Old French patoier ‘treat roughly’, from patte ‘paw’.


word: PATRIAL
russian_word: подданный
example: the 1971 Act classified people as patrials and non-patrials
definition: a person with the right to live in the UK through the British birth of a parent or grandparent.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪtrɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪtrɪəl
origin:
early 17th century: from French, or from medieval Latin patrialis, from Latin patria ‘fatherland’, from pater ‘father’.


word: PATRIARCH
russian_word: патриарх
synonyms: senior figure|father|paterfamilias|leader|elder|grandfather|guiding light|guru
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪtrɪɑːk
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪtrɪɑːk
definition:
the male head of a family or tribe.|any of those biblical figures regarded as fathers of the human race, especially Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and their forefathers, or the sons of Jacob.|a bishop of one of the most ancient Christian sees (Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, Jerusalem, and formerly Rome).

origin:
Middle English: from Old French patriarche, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek patriarkhēs, from patria ‘family’ + arkhēs ‘ruling’.


word: PATRIARCHAL
russian_word: патриархальный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: peɪtrɪˈɑːk(ə)l
phonetics_text: peɪtrɪˈɑːk(ə)l
example:
a patriarchal society|a tall man who cut a patriarchal figure as he strode the floor of his busy factory

definition:
relating to or denoting a system of society or government controlled by men.|relating to a patriarch.


word: PATRIARCHY
russian_word: патриархат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪtrɪɑːki
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪtrɪɑːki
example:
the thematic relationships of the ballad are worked out according to the conventional archetypes of the patriarchy

definition:
a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is reckoned through the male line.

origin:
mid 17th century: via medieval Latin from Greek patriarkhia, from patriarkhēs ‘ruling father’ (see patriarch).


word: PATRICIAN
russian_word: патриций
definition: an aristocrat or nobleman.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pəˈtrɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈtrɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
aristocrat|grandee|noble|nobleman|noblewoman|lord|lady|peer|peeress|peer of the realm|titled man/woman/person|landowner|landowning class|landed gentry/aristocracy|top person|nob|rah|chinless wonder

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French patricien, from Latin patricius ‘having a noble father’, from pater, patr- ‘father’.


word: PATRIOT
russian_word: патриот
example: a true patriot
antonyms: traitor
synonyms: nationalist|loyalist|chauvinist|jingoist|jingo|flag-waver
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatrɪət
phonetics_text: ˈpatrɪət|ˈpeɪtrɪət
definition:
a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.|an automated surface-to-air missile designed for early detection and interception of incoming missiles or aircraft.

origin:
late 16th century: from French patriote, from late Latin patriota ‘fellow countryman’, from Greek patriōtēs, from patrios ‘of one's fathers’, from patris ‘fatherland’.


word: PATRIOTIC
russian_word: патриотический
example: today's game will be played before a fiercely patriotic crowd
definition: having or expressing devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.
antonyms: traitorous
synonyms: nationalist|nationalistic|loyalist|loyal|chauvinistic|jingoistic|jingo|flag-waving|spreadeagle
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: patrɪˈɒtɪk
phonetics_text: patrɪˈɒtɪk|peɪtrɪˈɒtɪk
origin:
mid 17th century: via late Latin from Greek patriōtikos ‘relating to a fellow countryman’ (see patriot).


word: PATRISTICS
russian_word: патристика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtrɪstɪks
phonetics_text: pəˈtrɪstɪks
definition:
the branch of Christian theology that deals with the lives, writings, and doctrines of the early Christian theologians.


word: PATROL
russian_word: патруль
example: we were ordered to investigate on a night patrol|break the Cubs into sixes and Scouts into patrols
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈtrəʊl
phonetics_text: pəˈtrəʊl
definition:
an expedition to keep watch over an area, especially by guards or police walking or driving around at regular intervals.|a unit of six to eight Scouts or Guides forming part of a troop.

synonyms:
vigil|guard|watch|monitoring|policing|beat|beat-pounding|patrolling|round|sentry duty|reconnoitre|surveillance|survey|examination|recce

origin:
mid 17th century (as a noun): from German Patrolle, from French patrouille, from patrouiller ‘paddle in mud’, from patte ‘paw’ + dialect ( gad)rouille ‘dirty water’.


word: PATRON
russian_word: покровитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪtr(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪtr(ə)n
example:
a celebrated patron of the arts|we surveyed the plushness of the hotel and its sleek, well-dressed patrons

definition:
a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause.|a customer of a shop, restaurant, etc., especially a regular one.|a patrician in relation to a client.|a person or institution with the right to grant a benefice to a member of the clergy.

synonyms:
sponsor|backer|financier|subsidizer|underwriter|guarantor|benefactor/benefactress|contributor|subscriber|donor|philanthropist|promoter|friend|helper|supporter|upholder|advocate|champion|protector|angel|Maecenas

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin patronus ‘protector of clients, defender’, from pater, patr- ‘father’.


word: PATRONAGE
russian_word: патронаж
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from patron ‘protector, advocate’ (see patron).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpatr(ə)nɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpatr(ə)nɪdʒ|ˈpeɪtr(ə)nɪdʒ
example:
the arts could no longer depend on private patronage|recruits are selected on merit, not through political patronage|a twang of self-satisfaction—even patronage—about him|the direct train link was ending because of poor patronage

definition:
the support given by a patron.|the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.|a patronizing or condescending manner.|the regular custom attracted by a shop, restaurant, etc.|the rights and duties or position of a patron.

synonyms:
sponsorship|backing|funding|financing|philanthropy|promotion|furtherance|help|aid|assistance|support|guaranty|encouragement|championship|advocacy|defence|protection|guardianship|aegis|auspices


word: PATRONIZE
russian_word: покровительствовать
antonyms: friendly|humble
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpatrənʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpatrənʌɪz
example:
she was determined not to be put down or patronized|restaurants and bars regularly patronized by the stars were often crowded with paparazzi

definition:
treat in a way that is apparently kind or helpful but that betrays a feeling of superiority.|frequent (a shop, restaurant, or other establishment) as a customer.

synonyms:
treat condescendingly|treat with condescension|condescend to|look down on|talk down to|put down|humiliate|treat like a child|treat as inferior|treat with disdain|be snobbish to|look down one's nose at|condescending|supercilious|superior|imperious|haughty|lofty|lordly|magisterial|disdainful|scornful|contemptuous|cavalier|snobbish|pompous|uppity|high and mighty|snooty|stuck-up|fancy-pants|toffee-nosed


word: PATRONYMIC
russian_word: отчество
example: a patronymic derived from the name of their original lordship
definition: a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor, e.g. Johnson, O'Brien, Ivanovich.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: patrəˈnɪmɪk
phonetics_text: patrəˈnɪmɪk
origin:
early 17th century: via late Latin from Greek patrōnumikos, from patrōnumos, from patēr, patr- ‘father’ + onuma ‘name’.


word: PATTEN
russian_word: деревянный башмак
origin: late Middle English: from Old French patin, perhaps from patte ‘paw’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpat(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpat(ə)n
definition:
a shoe or clog with a raised sole or set on an iron ring, worn to raise one's feet above wet or muddy ground when walking outdoors.


word: PATTER
russian_word: скороговорка
example: a flurry of rain pattered against the window
definition: make a repeated light tapping sound.
origin: early 17th century: frequentative of pat1.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpatə
phonetics_text: ˈpatə
synonyms:
pitter-patter|tap|drum|clatter|beat|pound|rattle|throb|pulsate|rat-a-tat|go pit-a-pat|pit-a-pat|clack|click-clack|thrum|bicker|clacket


word: PATTERN
russian_word: шаблон
synonyms: design|decoration|motif|marking|ornament|ornamentation|device|figure
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpat(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpat(ə)n
example:
a neat blue herringbone pattern|make a pattern for the zigzag edge|he set the pattern for subsequent study

definition:
a repeated decorative design.|a model or design used as a guide in needlework and other crafts.|an example for others to follow.

origin:
Middle English patron  ‘something serving as a model’, from Old French (see patron). The change in sense is from the idea of a patron giving an example to be copied. Metathesis in the second syllable occurred in the 16th century. By 1700 patron ceased to be used of things, and the two forms became differentiated in sense.


word: PATTY
russian_word: пирожок
origin: mid 17th century: alteration of French pâté, by association with pasty1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpati
phonetics_text: ˈpati
definition:
a small flat cake of minced or finely chopped food, especially meat.|a small round flat chocolate-covered peppermint sweet.


word: PAUCITY
russian_word: малочисленность
example: a paucity of information
definition: the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities or amounts.
antonyms: abundance
origin: late Middle English: from Old French paucite or Latin paucitas, from paucus ‘few’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːsɪti
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːsɪti
synonyms:
scarcity|sparseness|sparsity|dearth|shortage|rarity|rareness|poverty|insufficiency|deficiency|inadequacy|famine|lack|want|meagreness|limitedness|scantiness|skimpiness|paltriness|restrictedness|deficit|shortfall|exiguity


word: PAUNCH
russian_word: пузо
example: his body was powerful and square, with the beginnings of a paunch
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɔːn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: pɔːn(t)ʃ
definition:
a large or protruding belly.|a thick strong mat used to give protection from chafing on a mast or spar.

synonyms:
pot belly|beer belly|stomach|belly|middle|midriff|waist|waistline|beer gut|gut|tummy|tum|pot|breadbasket|corporation

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French pa(u)nche, based on Latin pantex, pantic-, usually in the plural in the sense ‘intestines’.


word: PAUPER
russian_word: нищий
example: he died a pauper
definition: a very poor person.
synonyms: poor person|indigent|bankrupt|insolvent|beggar|mendicant|down-and-out|have-not
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːpə
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːpə
origin:
late 15th century: from Latin, literally ‘poor’. The word's use in English originated in the Latin legal phrase in forma pauperis, literally ‘in the form of a poor person’ (allowing non-payment of costs).


word: PAUSE
russian_word: пауза
example: she paused, at a loss for words
definition: interrupt action or speech briefly.
antonyms: continue|proceed
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pausa, from Greek pausis, from pausein ‘to stop’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɔːz
phonetics_text: pɔːz
synonyms:
stop|cease|halt|discontinue|break off|take a break|take a breath|adjourn|desist|rest|hold back|wait|delay|hesitate|hang back|pull up|mark time|falter|waver|let up|take a breather


word: PAV
russian_word: пав
example: he brought along the most incredible pav for dessert
origin: 1960s: abbreviation of pavlova.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pav
phonetics_text: pav
definition:
a dessert consisting of a meringue base or shell topped or filled with whipped cream and fruit; a pavlova.


word: PAVANE
russian_word: павана
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈvan
phonetics_text: pəˈvan|pəˈvɑːn
definition:
a stately dance in slow duple time, popular in the 16th and 17th centuries and performed in elaborate clothing.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French pavane, from Italian pavana, feminine adjective from Pavo, dialect name of Padua.


word: PAVEMENT
russian_word: тротуар
example: he fell and hit his head on the pavement
definition: a raised paved or asphalted path for pedestrians at the side of a road.
synonyms: footpath|paved path|pedestrian way|walkway|footway|sidewalk
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pavimentum ‘trodden down floor’, from pavire ‘beat, tread down’.


word: PAVILION
russian_word: павильон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈvɪljən
phonetics_text: pəˈvɪljən
definition:
a building at a cricket ground or other sports ground, used for changing and taking refreshments.|a summer house or other decorative building used as a shelter in a park or large garden.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a large decorated tent): from Old French pavillon, from Latin papilio(n- ) ‘butterfly or tent’.


word: PAWL
russian_word: собачка
origin: early 17th century: perhaps from Low German and Dutch pal (related to pal ‘fixed’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːl
phonetics_text: pɔːl
definition:
a pivoted curved bar or lever whose free end engages with the teeth of a cogwheel or ratchet so that the wheel or ratchet can only turn or move one way.


word: PAWN
russian_word: пешка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːn
phonetics_text: pɔːn
definition:
a chess piece of the smallest size and value, that moves one square forwards along its file if unobstructed (or two on the first move), or one square diagonally forwards when making a capture. Each player begins with eight pawns on the second rank, and can promote a pawn to become any other piece (typically a queen) if it reaches the opponent's end of the board.

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French poun, from medieval Latin pedo, pedon- ‘foot soldier’, from Latin pes, ped- ‘foot’. Compare with peon.


word: PAWNEE
russian_word: залогодержатель
origin: from Canadian French Pani, from Algonquin pani, from Winnebago pa:ní or Iowa-Otoe pányi .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pɔːˈniː
phonetics_text: pɔːˈniː
definition:
a member of a group of North American peoples formerly living in Nebraska, and now mainly in Oklahoma.|the Caddoan language of the Pawnee.


word: PAWPAW
russian_word: папайя
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːpɔː
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːpɔː
definition:
another term for papaya.|a North American tree of the custard apple family, with purple flowers and edible oblong yellow fruit with sweet pulp.

origin:
early 17th century: from Spanish and Portuguese papaya, of Carib origin. The change in spelling is unexplained.


word: PAX
russian_word: чел
example: Pax! No offence meant, honest old chum
origin: Latin, literally ‘peace’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: paks
phonetics_text: paks
definition:
a call for a truce, used especially by schoolchildren when playing.|(in the Christian Church) the kissing by all the participants at a mass of a tablet depicting the Crucifixion or other sacred object; the kiss of peace.


word: PAY
russian_word: платить
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: peɪ
phonetics_text: peɪ
example:
the traveller paid a guide to show him across|they paid for his impatience|no one paid them any attention

definition:
give (someone) money that is due for work done, goods received, or a debt incurred.|suffer a misfortune as a consequence of an action.|give (attention, respect, or a compliment) to (someone).

synonyms:
reward|reimburse|recompense|give payment to|settle up with|remunerate|tip|indemnify|defray the cost of|settle up for|finance|endow|donate/leave money for|support|back|stake|fund|capitalize|provide finance/capital for|furnish credit for|subsidize|sponsor|treat someone to|foot the bill for|shell out for|fork out for|cough up for|ante up for|pony up for

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘pacify’): from Old French paie (noun), payer (verb), from Latin pacare ‘appease’, from pax, pac- ‘peace’. The notion of ‘payment’ arose from the sense of ‘pacifying’ a creditor.


word: PAYABLE
russian_word: к оплате
example: interest is payable on the money owing|it costs just $195, payable in five monthly instalments
definition: (of money) required to be paid; due.|able to be paid.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
due|to be paid|owed|owing|outstanding|unpaid|unsettled|receivable|overdue|undischarged|in arrears|in the red|delinquent|past due


word: PAY BACK
russian_word: выплачивать
definition: repay a loan to someone.|take revenge on someone.
example:
a regular amount was deducted from my wages to pay her back|when someone does you wrong, the first instinct is to pay them back for hurting you

synonyms:
repay|pay off|give back|return|remunerate|compensate|make restitution/amends to|reimburse|recoup|refund|restore|make good|indemnify|requite


word: PAYEE
russian_word: получатель платежа
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: peɪˈiː
phonetics_text: peɪˈiː
definition:
a person to whom money is paid or is to be paid, especially the person to whom a cheque is made payable.


word: PAYER
russian_word: плательщик
example: the industry is one of the biggest payers of corporation tax
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪə
definition:
a person or organization that gives someone money that is due for work done, goods received, or a debt incurred.


word: PAYLOAD
russian_word: полезная нагрузка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪləʊd
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪləʊd
definition:
the part of a vehicle's load, especially an aircraft's, from which revenue is derived; passengers and cargo.|an explosive warhead carried by an aircraft or missile.|the actual information or message in transmitted data, as opposed to automatically generated metadata.


word: PAYMASTER
russian_word: кассир
example: both political parties were beholden to their corporate paymasters
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪmɑːstə
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪmɑːstə
definition:
a person or organization that pays another to do something and therefore controls them.|an official who pays troops or workers.


word: PAY OFF
russian_word: расплачиваться
synonyms: meet with success|be successful|succeed|be effective|work|get results|be profitable
example:
all the hard work I had done over the summer paid off|I've saved up enough to pay off my mortgage|when directors are fired, they should not be lavishly paid off

definition:
(of a course of action) yield good results; succeed.|pay a debt in full.|dismiss someone with a final payment.


word: PAY OUT
russian_word: травить
example: insurers can refuse to pay out|I began paying out the nylon line
definition: pay a large sum of money from funds under one's control.|let out a rope by slackening it.
synonyms:
spend|expend|pay|lay out|put up|part with|hand over|remit|furnish|supply|disburse|contribute|give|donate|invest|advance|pledge|dish out|shell out|fork out/up|cough up


word: PAYSLIP
russian_word: расчетный лист
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪslɪp
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪslɪp
definition:
a note given to an employee when they have been paid, detailing the amount of pay given, and the tax and insurance deducted.


word: PE
russian_word: ре
part_of_speech: abbreviation
definition:
Peru (international vehicle registration).|physical education.|Prince Edward Island (in official postal use).


word: PEA
russian_word: горох
example: steak and ale pie with peas and new potatoes
origin: mid 17th century: back-formation from pease (interpreted as plural).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: piː
phonetics_text: piː
definition:
a spherical green seed that is eaten as a vegetable or as a pulse when dried.|the hardy Eurasian climbing plant which yields pods containing peas.|used in names of plants or seeds that are similar or related to the pea, e.g. chickpea, sweet pea.


word: PEACE
russian_word: мир
antonyms: noise|irritation
origin: Middle English: from Old French pais, from Latin pax, pac- ‘peace’.
part_of_speech: noun|exclamation|verb
phonetic: piːs
phonetics_text: piːs
example:
he just wanted to drink a few beers in peace|the Straits were to be open to warships in time of peace

definition:
freedom from disturbance; tranquillity.|a state or period in which there is no war or a war has ended.|a ceremonial handshake or kiss exchanged during a service in some Churches (now usually only in the Eucharist), symbolizing Christian love and unity.

synonyms:
tranquillity|calm|calmness|restfulness|peace and quiet|peacefulness|quiet|quietness|quietude|silence|soundlessness|hush|noiselessness|stillness|still|privacy|privateness|seclusion|solitude|isolation|retirement|freedom from interference


word: PEACEABLE
russian_word: миролюбивый
example: an industrious, peaceable people
definition: inclined to avoid conflict or dissent.
antonyms: aggressive|belligerent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpiːsəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpiːsəb(ə)l
synonyms:
peace-loving|unwarlike|non-belligerent|non-violent|non-combative|non-aggressive|conflict-free|easy|easy-going|placid|gentle|meek|mild|inoffensive|good-natured|even-tempered|amiable|amicable|friendly|affable|genial|civil|cooperative|conciliatory|pacific|pacifist|anti-war|dove-like|dovish|irenic|pacifistic

origin:
Middle English: from Old French peisible, alteration of plaisible, from late Latin placibilis ‘pleasing’, from Latin placere ‘to please’.


word: PEACEFUL
russian_word: мирный
example: his peaceful mood vanished|there were no violent incidents reported and it was a peaceful protest
definition: free from disturbance; tranquil.|not involving war or violence.
antonyms: bustling|noisy|agitated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpiːsfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpiːsfʊl|ˈpiːsf(ə)l
synonyms:
tranquil|calm|restful|pleasant|quiet|still|relaxing|soothing|sleepy|silent|soundless|hushed|noiseless|undisturbed|untroubled|private|secluded|solitary|isolated|serene|composed|placid|at peace|at rest|at ease|in repose|reposeful|unworried|unruffled|anxiety-free|content|blissful|secure


word: PEACEKEEPING
russian_word: миротворческая
example: the 2,300-strong UN peacekeeping force
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːskiːpɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːskiːpɪŋ
definition:
the active maintenance of a truce between nations or communities, especially by an international military force.


word: PEACEMAKER
russian_word: миротворец
definition: a person who brings about peace, especially by reconciling adversaries.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːsmeɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpiːsmeɪkə
synonyms:
arbitrator|arbiter|mediator|negotiator|conciliator|go-between|middleman|intermediary|moderator|intervenor|interceder|intercessor|reconciler|broker|honest broker|liaison officer|pacifier|appeaser|umpire|referee|adjudicator|judge|peace-monger|pacifist|conscientious objector|passive resister|peace-lover|dove|peacenik|satyagrahi


word: PEACH
russian_word: персик
example: what a peach of a shot!
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: piːtʃ
phonetics_text: piːtʃ
definition:
a round stone fruit with juicy yellow flesh and downy pinkish-yellow skin.|the Chinese tree that bears peaches.|an exceptionally good or attractive person or thing.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pesche, from medieval Latin persica, from Latin persicum (malum ), literally ‘Persian apple’.


word: PEACOCK
russian_word: павлин
origin: Middle English: from Old English pēa (from Latin pavo ) ‘peacock’ + cock1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːkɒk
phonetics_text: ˈpiːkɒk
definition:
a male peafowl, which has very long tail feathers that have eye-like markings and can be erected and fanned out in display.


word: PEA JACKET
russian_word: бушлат
definition: a short double-breasted overcoat of coarse woollen cloth, formerly worn by sailors.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiː ˌdʒakɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpiː ˌdʒakɪt
origin:
early 18th century: probably from Dutch pijjakker, from pij ‘coat of coarse cloth’ + jekker ‘jacket’. The change in the ending was due to association with jacket.


word: PEAK
russian_word: пик
antonyms: bottom|nadir|trough
origin: mid 16th century: probably a back-formation from peaked, variant of dialect picked ‘pointed’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: piːk
phonetics_text: piːk
example:
tatters of fog clung to the peak of the mountain|whisk two egg whites to stiff peaks|he was at his peak as a cricketer

definition:
the pointed top of a mountain.|a projecting pointed part or shape.|the point of highest activity, quality, or achievement.

synonyms:
summit|top|crest|pinnacle|mountaintop|spire|heights|brow|apex|crown|tip|cap|vertex|acme|zenith|apogee


word: PEAKY
russian_word: остроконечный
example: you're looking a bit peaky—a change of scene would do you good
definition: pale from illness or fatigue; sickly.
origin: early 19th century: from peak2 + -y1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpiːki
phonetics_text: ˈpiːki
synonyms:
pale|pasty-faced|pasty|wan|drained|washed out|drawn|pallid|colourless|anaemic|bloodless|whey-faced|ashen|ashen-faced|ashy|grey|pinched|sickly|sallow|as white as a sheet/ghost|deathly pale|cadaverous|corpse-like|ill-looking|sickly-looking|ill|unwell|poorly|bad|out of sorts|indisposed|not oneself|sick|queasy|nauseous|nauseated|liverish|green around the gills|run down|off|off colour|under the weather|below par|not up to par|funny|peculiar|rough|lousy|rotten|awful|terrible|dreadful|crummy|seedy|grotty|ropy|wabbit|peely-wally|crook|peaked|peakish|etiolated


word: PEAL
russian_word: трезвон
example: the bell rang again, a long, loud peal|Ross burst into peals of laughter
definition: a loud ringing of a bell or bells.|a loud repeated or reverberating sound of thunder or laughter.
origin: late Middle English: shortening of appeal.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: piːl
phonetics_text: piːl
synonyms:
chime|carillon|ring|ringing|knell|toll|tolling|sound|sounding|death knell|clang|boom|resounding|reverberation|change|touch|tocsin|tintinnabulation


word: PEANUT
russian_word: арахис
example: a bag of dry-roasted peanuts|he pays peanuts
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːnʌt
phonetics_text: ˈpiːnʌt
definition:
the oval seed of a tropical South American plant, often roasted and salted and eaten as a snack or used to make oil or animal feed.|the plant of the pea family that bears peanuts, which develop in pods that ripen underground.|a very small or inadequate sum of money.|small pieces of styrofoam used as packing material.


word: PEAR
russian_word: груша
origin: Old English pere, peru, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch peer, from Latin pirum .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛː
phonetics_text: pɛː
definition:
a yellowish- or brownish-green edible fruit that is typically narrow at the stalk and wider towards the base, with sweet, slightly gritty flesh.|the Eurasian tree which bears the pear.


word: PEARL
russian_word: жемчуг
example: a linen garment decorated with pearls|these things are pearls amidst the everyday
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəːl
phonetics_text: pəːl
definition:
a hard, lustrous spherical mass, typically white or bluish-grey, formed within the shell of a pearl oyster or other bivalve mollusc and highly prized as a gem.|a person or thing of great rarity and worth.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French perle, perhaps based on Latin perna ‘leg’, extended to denote a leg-of-mutton-shaped bivalve.


word: PEARLITE
russian_word: перлит
origin: late 19th century: from pearl1 + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːlʌɪt
definition:
a finely laminated mixture of ferrite and cementite present in cast iron and steel, formed by the cooling of austenite.


word: PEARLWORT
russian_word: мшанка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːlwəːt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːlwəːt
definition:
a small plant of the pink family, with inconspicuous white flowers, native to north temperate regions.


word: PEASANT
russian_word: крестьянин
example: peasants left the farms to work in industry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛz(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛz(ə)nt
definition:
a poor smallholder or agricultural labourer of low social status (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).

synonyms:
agricultural worker|small farmer|rustic|son of the soil|countryman|countrywoman|farmhand|swain|villein|serf|paysan|muzhik|kulak|campesino|paisano|contadino|fellah|ryot|carl|cottier|kern|hind

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French paisent ‘country dweller’, from pais ‘country’, based on Latin pagus ‘country district’.


word: PEASANTRY
russian_word: крестьянство
example: the upper class exploited the peasantry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛz(ə)ntri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛz(ə)ntri
definition:
smallholders and agricultural labourers of low social status (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).


word: PEAT
russian_word: торф
example: mulch plants with leaf mould or peat
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Latin peta, perhaps of Celtic origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: piːt
phonetics_text: piːt
definition:
a brown deposit resembling soil, formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter in the wet acidic conditions of bogs and fens, and often cut out and dried for use as fuel and in gardening.


word: PEBBLE
russian_word: галька
example: a narrow pebble beach
definition: a small stone made smooth and round by the action of water or sand.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛb(ə)l
origin:
late Old English, recorded as the first element of papel-stān  ‘pebble-stone’, pyppelrīpig  ‘pebble-stream’, of unknown origin. The word is recorded in place names from the early 12th century onwards.


word: PECCADILLO
russian_word: грешок
example: the sexual peccadilloes of celebrities aren't necessarily news
definition: a relatively minor fault or sin.
origin: late 16th century: from Spanish pecadillo, diminutive of pecado ‘sin’, from Latin peccare ‘to sin’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛkəˈdɪləʊ
phonetics_text: ˌpɛkəˈdɪləʊ
synonyms:
misdemeanour|minor offence|petty offence|delinquency|indiscretion|lapse|misdeed|infraction|error|slip|slip-up


word: PECK
russian_word: клевать
example: two geese were pecking at some grain
definition: (of a bird) strike or bite something with its beak.
synonyms: bite|nip|strike|hit|tap|rap|jab|poke|prick
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɛk
phonetics_text: pɛk
origin:
late Middle English: of unknown origin; compare with Middle Low German pekken ‘peck (with the beak)’.


word: PECTIN
russian_word: пектин
example: the very early stalks may not have quite enough natural pectin to set properly
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pektos ‘congealed’ (from pēgnuein ‘make solid’) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛktɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɛktɪn
definition:
a soluble gelatinous polysaccharide which is present in ripe fruits and is used as a setting agent in jams and jellies.


word: PECTINATE
russian_word: гребенчатый
example: straight, transverse pectinate teeth
definition: having narrow projections or divisions set closely in a row.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛktɪnət
phonetics_text: ˈpɛktɪnət
origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin pectinatus ‘resembling a comb’, from pecten, pectin- ‘a comb, rake’ (see pecten).


word: PECTORAL
russian_word: грудной
example: pectoral development
definition: relating to the breast or chest.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɛkt(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛkt(ə)r(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘breastplate’): from Latin pectorale ‘breastplate’, pectoralis ‘of the breast’, from pectus, pector- ‘breast, chest’.


word: PECULATE
russian_word: присваивать чужие деньги
example: the people accused them of having peculated the public money
definition: embezzle or steal (money, especially public funds).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛkjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛkjʊleɪt
origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin peculat- ‘embezzled’, from the verb peculari (related to peculium ‘property’).


word: PECULIAR
russian_word: своеобразный
definition: different to what is normal or expected; strange.|particular; special.
antonyms: normal|ordinary
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɪˈkjuːlɪə
phonetics_text: pɪˈkjuːlɪə
example:
he gave her some very peculiar looks|any attempt to explicate the theme is bound to run into peculiar difficulties

synonyms:
strange|unusual|odd|funny|curious|bizarre|weird|uncanny|queer|unexpected|unfamiliar|abnormal|atypical|anomalous|untypical|different|out of the ordinary|out of the way|exceptional|rare|extraordinary|remarkable|puzzling|mystifying|mysterious|perplexing|baffling|unaccountable|incongruous|uncommon|irregular|singular|deviant|aberrant|freak|freakish|suspicious|dubious|questionable|eerie|unnatural|unco|outré|fishy|creepy|spooky|rum|bizarro|backasswards|eccentric|idiosyncratic|unconventional|outlandish|offbeat|quirky|quaint|droll|zany|off-centre|wacky|freaky|kooky|screwy|kinky|oddball|cranky|off the wall|wacko|dilly

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘particular’): from Latin peculiaris ‘of private property’, from peculium ‘property’, from pecu ‘cattle’ (cattle being private property). The sense ‘strange’ dates from the early 17th century.


word: PECULIARITY
russian_word: особенность
example: for all his peculiarities, she finds him quite endearing
definition: a strange or unusual feature or habit.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˌkjuːlɪˈarɪti
phonetics_text: pɪˌkjuːlɪˈarɪti
synonyms:
oddity|anomaly|abnormality|twist|quirk|eccentricity|trick|outlier|edge case|idiosyncrasy|mannerism|foible|caprice|whimsy|singularity


word: PECULIARLY
russian_word: особенно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pɪˈkjuːlɪəli
phonetics_text: pɪˈkjuːlɪəli
example:
some patients were peculiarly difficult to cure|the town is peculiarly built|the peculiarly British hobby of brass rubbing

definition:
more than usually; especially.|in an unusual way; oddly.|used to emphasize restriction to an individual or group.


word: PEDAGOGIC
russian_word: педагогический
example: they show great pedagogic skills
definition: relating to teaching.
origin: late 18th century: from French pédagogique, from Greek paidagōgikos .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪk|ˌpɛdəˈɡɒɡɪk
synonyms:
educational|educative|edifying|pedagogical|teaching|instructional|instructive|didactic|informative|informational|academic|scholastic|tuitional|propaedeutic


word: PEDAGOGUE
russian_word: педагог
definition: a teacher, especially a strict or pedantic one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛdəɡɒɡ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdəɡɒɡ
synonyms:
teacher|schoolteacher|schoolmaster|schoolmistress|master|mistress|tutor|coach|lecturer|academic|don|professor|reader|instructor|educator|educationalist|educationist|guru|mentor|dominie|beak|chalkie|schoolie

origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek paidagōgos, denoting a slave who accompanied a child to school (from pais, paid- ‘boy’ + agōgos ‘guide’).


word: PEDAGOGY
russian_word: педагогика
example: the relationship between applied linguistics and language pedagogy
definition: the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛdəɡɒdʒi
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdəɡɒdʒi|ˈpɛdəɡɒɡi
origin:
late 16th century: from French pédagogie, from Greek paidagōgia ‘office of a pedagogue’, from paidagōgos (see pedagogue).


word: PEDAL
russian_word: педаль
example: a brake pedal
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛd(ə)l
definition:
each of a pair of foot-operated levers used for powering a bicycle or other vehicle propelled by the legs.|a foot-operated throttle, brake, or clutch control in a motor vehicle.|each of a set of two or three levers on a piano, particularly (also sustaining pedal ) one which, when depressed, prevents the dampers from stopping the sound when the keys are released. The second is the soft pedal ; a third, if present, produces either selective sustaining or complete muffling of the tone.

origin:
early 17th century (denoting a foot-operated lever of an organ): from French pédale, from Italian pedale, from Latin pedalis ‘a foot in length’, from pes, ped- ‘foot’.


word: PEDALLING
russian_word: педализация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛd(ə)lɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛd(ə)lɪŋ
example:
I have to do some fast pedalling to get the chain to engage properly|Chopin gave no indications of pedalling in his manuscript

definition:
the action of working the pedals of a bicycle.|use of the pedals of a piano, organ, etc., especially in a particular style.


word: PEDANT
russian_word: педант
example: the royal palace (some pedants would say the ex-royal palace)
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛd(ə)nt
definition:
a person who is excessively concerned with minor details and rules or with displaying academic learning.

synonyms:
dogmatist|purist|literalist|formalist|doctrinaire|precisionist|perfectionist|quibbler|hair-splitter|casuist|sophist|fault-finder|caviller|carper|nitpicker|pettifogger|precisian|Dryasdust

origin:
late 16th century: from French pédant, from Italian pedante, perhaps from the first element of Latin paedogogus (see pedagogue).


word: PEDANTIC
russian_word: педантичный
example: his analyses are careful and even painstaking, but never pedantic
definition: excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overscrupulous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪˈdantɪk
phonetics_text: pɪˈdantɪk
synonyms:
overscrupulous|scrupulous|precise|exact|over-exacting|perfectionist|precisionist|punctilious|meticulous|fussy|fastidious|finical|finicky|dogmatic|purist|literalist|literalistic|formalist|scholastic|casuistic|casuistical|sophistic|sophistical|captious|hair-splitting|quibbling|pettifogging|fault-finding|hypercritical|cavilling|carping|nitpicking|pernickety|persnickety|overnice|learned|cerebral|didactic|bookish|pedagogic|donnish|highbrow|ivory-tower|pretentious|pompous|intellectual|academic|scholarly|literary|egghead


word: PEDANTRY
russian_word: педантизм
example: to object to this is not mere pedantry
definition: excessive concern with minor details and rules.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛd(ə)ntri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛd(ə)ntri
synonyms:
dogmatism|purism|literalism|formalism|overscrupulousness|scrupulousness|precision|exactness|perfectionism|fastidiousness|punctiliousness|meticulousness|finickiness|finicality|captiousness|quibbling|hair-splitting|fault-finding|cavilling|carping|casuistry|sophistry|nitpicking|pettifogging|pettifoggery|pretentiousness|pomposity|pompousness|dullness|tedium|intellectualism|academicism|scholasticism|scholarliness|erudition|studiousness|didacticism|bookishness|pedagogism|donnishness


word: PEDDLE
russian_word: торговать вразнос
example: he peddled printing materials around the country
definition: try to sell (something, especially small goods) by going from place to place.
origin: early 16th century: back-formation from pedlar.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛd(ə)l
synonyms:
sell|sell from door to door|hawk|tout|vend|offer for sale|carry|stock|offer|market|merchandise|trade|trade in|deal in|traffic in|push|flog


word: PEDERASTY
russian_word: мужеложство
definition: sexual activity involving a man and a boy or youth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛdərasti
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdərasti
origin:
early 17th century: from modern Latin paederastia, from Greek paiderastia, from pais, paid- ‘boy’ + erastēs ‘lover’.


word: PEDESTAL
russian_word: пьедестал
example: a bronze bust on a marble pedestal|it's as if I'm on a pedestal and he worships me—I hate that
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛdɪst(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdɪst(ə)l
definition:
the base or support on which a statue, obelisk, or column is mounted.|used in reference to a situation in which someone is greatly or uncritically admired.

synonyms:
plinth|base|support|bottom|bed|foot|substructure|mounting|platform|stand|foundation|pillar|column|pier|podium|socle

origin:
mid 16th century: from French piédestal, from Italian piedestallo, from piè ‘foot’ (from Latin pes, ped-, which later influenced the spelling) + di ‘of’ + stallo ‘stall’.


word: PEDESTRIAN
russian_word: пешеход
example: the road is so dangerous pedestrians avoid it
definition: a person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle.
antonyms: driver
synonyms: walker|person on foot|hiker|rambler|stroller|wayfarer|footslogger|foot traveller
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pɪˈdɛstrɪən
phonetics_text: pɪˈdɛstrɪən
origin:
early 18th century: from French pédestre or Latin pedester ‘going on foot’, also ‘written in prose’ + -ian. Early use in English was in the description of writing as ‘prosaic’.


word: PEDIGREE
russian_word: родословная
example: they are looking for animals with pedigrees|with a pedigree equal to many of the gentry
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛdɪɡriː
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdɪɡriː
definition:
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be pure-bred.|the recorded ancestry or lineage of a person or family.

synonyms:
ancestry|descent|lineage|line|line of descent|genealogy|family tree|extraction|derivation|origin|heritage|parentage|paternity|birth|family|dynasty|house|race|strain|stock|breed|blood|bloodline|history|background|roots|stirps|filiation|stemma

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French pé de grue ‘crane's foot’, a mark used to denote succession in pedigrees.


word: PEDIMENT
russian_word: фронтон
origin: late 16th century (as periment ): perhaps an alteration of pyramid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛdɪm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdɪm(ə)nt
definition:
the triangular upper part of the front of a classical building, typically surmounting a portico.|a broad, gently sloping expanse of rock debris extending outwards from the foot of a mountain slope, especially in a desert.


word: PEDIPALP
russian_word: педипальпы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛdɪpalp
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdɪpalp|ˈpiːdɪpalp
definition:
each of the second pair of appendages attached to the cephalothorax of most arachnids. They are variously specialized as pincers in scorpions, sensory organs in spiders, and locomotory organs in horseshoe crabs.

origin:
early 19th century: from modern Latin pedipalpi (plural), from Latin pes, ped- ‘foot’ + palpus ‘palp’.


word: PEDLAR
russian_word: разносчик
definition: a person who goes from place to place selling small items.|variant spelling of peddler (sense 1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛdlə
phonetics_text: ˈpɛdlə
example:
the visit of the pedlar to Irish country houses was a very special event in the lives of children in the 1950s

synonyms:
travelling salesman|door-to-door salesman|street trader|barrow boy|higgler|fly-pitcher|hawker|chapman|packman|huckster|crier|colporteur

origin:
Middle English: perhaps an alteration of synonymous dialect pedder, apparently from dialect ped  ‘pannier’.


word: PEEK
russian_word: быстрый взгляд
example: faces peeked from behind twitched curtains
definition: look quickly or furtively.
origin: late Middle English pike, pyke, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: piːk
phonetics_text: piːk
synonyms:
peep|have a peep|have a peek|take a secret look|spy|take a sly/stealthy look|sneak a look|glance|cast a brief look|look hurriedly|look|peer|keek|take a gander|have a look-see|have a squint|have a dekko|have/take a butcher's|take a shufti


word: PEEKABOO
russian_word: игра в прятки
origin: late 16th century: from peek + boo1.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: piːkəˈbuː
phonetics_text: piːkəˈbuː
definition:
a game played with a young child, which involves hiding and suddenly reappearing, saying ‘peekaboo’.


word: PEEL
russian_word: кожура
example: she watched him peel an apple with deliberate care|the walls are peeling
synonyms: pare|skin|take the skin/rind off|strip|shave|trim|flay|hull|shell|husk|shuck|decorticate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: piːl
phonetics_text: piːl
definition:
remove the outer covering or skin from (a fruit or vegetable).|(of a surface or object) lose parts of its outer layer or covering in small strips or pieces.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘to plunder’): variant of dialect pill, from Latin pilare ‘to strip hair from’, from pilus ‘hair’. The differentiation of peel and pill may have been by association with the French verbs peler ‘to peel’ and piller ‘to pillage’.


word: PEEL OFF
russian_word: шелушиться
synonyms: take off|strip off|cast off|remove|discard|throw off|doff|divest oneself of
example:
I peeled off the tissue paper|Suzy peeled off her white pullover|the pace was much too hot for Beris, and he peeled off after five laps

definition:
remove a thin outer covering or layer.|remove an item of clothing.|leave a formation or group by veering away.


word: PEEN
russian_word: боек
example: a ball-peen hammer
definition: the end of a hammer head opposite the face, typically wedge-shaped, curved, or spherical.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: piːn
phonetics_text: piːn
origin:
early 16th century (as a verb): probably of Scandinavian origin; compare with Swedish dialect pena (ut), Danish dialect pene (ud) ‘beat (out)’.


word: PEEP
russian_word: писк
example: his door was ajar and she couldn't resist peeping in
definition: look quickly and furtively at something, especially through a narrow opening.
origin: late 15th century: symbolic; compare with peek.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: piːp
phonetics_text: piːp
synonyms:
look quickly|cast a brief look|take a secret look|spy|take a sly/stealthy look|sneak a look|peek|have a peek|glance|peer|keek|take a gander|have a look-see|have a squint|have a dekko|have/take a butcher's|take a shufti|Jack Nohi


word: PEEPHOLE
russian_word: глазок
example: she peered through the security peephole in the solid oak door
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːphəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpiːphəʊl
definition:
a small hole that may be looked through, especially one in a door through which callers may be identified before the door is opened.

synonyms:
opening|gap|cleft|slit|crack|chink|keyhole|aperture|orifice|crevice|cranny|fissure|spyhole|arrow slit|embrasure|squint|judas (hole)


word: PEER
russian_word: вглядываться
example: Faye peered at her with suspicion
definition: look with difficulty or concentration at someone or something.
origin: late 16th century: perhaps a variant of dialect pire or perhaps partly from a shortening of appear.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɪə
phonetics_text: pɪə
synonyms:
squint|look closely/earnestly|try to see|look through narrowed eyes|narrow one's eyes|screw up one's eyes|peep|peek|pry|spy|look|gawp|gaze|stare|gape|scrutinize|survey|examine|view|eye|scan|observe|study|regard|contemplate|snoop|squinny


word: PEERLESS
russian_word: несравненный
example: a peerless cartoonist
definition: unequalled; unrivalled.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪələs
phonetics_text: ˈpɪələs
synonyms:
incomparable|matchless|unrivalled|inimitable|beyond compare|unparalleled|unequalled|without equal|unmatched|beyond comparison|second to none|unsurpassed|unsurpassable|nonpareil|unique|consummate|perfect|rare|exquisite|transcendent|surpassing|superlative|supreme|unexampled


word: PEEVE
russian_word: досада
example: that was the one thing that peeved him
definition: annoy or irritate.
origin: early 20th century: back-formation from peevish.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: piːv
phonetics_text: piːv
synonyms:
irritate|annoy|anger|vex|bother|provoke|displease|upset|exasperate|agitate|gall|irk|get/put someone's back up|disgruntle|put out|pique|rankle with|nettle|bait|goad|needle|get on someone's nerves|ruffle|ruffle someone's feathers|make someone's hackles rise|raise someone's hackles|drive to distraction|rub up the wrong way|aggravate|miff|rile|get under someone's skin|get in someone's hair|hack off|get someone's goat|get|get to|bug|nark|get on someone's wick|give someone the hump|wind up|get across|get up someone's nose|tick off|rankle|ride|gravel|rark|exacerbate|hump|rasp|irritated|annoyed|cross|angry|angered|furious|enraged|in a temper|bothered|vexed|displeased|disgruntled|dissatisfied|indignant|exasperated|galled|irked|aggrieved|offended|affronted|resentful|piqued|nettled|ruffled|in high dudgeon|aggravated|miffed|riled|hacked off|peed off|narked|eggy|cheesed off|browned off|brassed off|not best pleased|teed off|ticked off|sore|steamed|piss off|pissed off


word: PEEVISH
russian_word: сварливый
example: a thin peevish voice
definition: having or showing an irritable disposition.
antonyms: affable|easy-going
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘perverse, coy’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpiːvɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːvɪʃ
synonyms:
irritable|irascible|fractious|fretful|cross|petulant|pettish|crabbed|crabby|crotchety|cantankerous|curmudgeonly|disagreeable|miserable|morose|peppery|on edge|edgy|impatient|complaining|querulous|bitter|moody|in a bad mood|grumpy|huffy|scratchy|out of sorts|out of temper|ill-tempered|bad-tempered|ill-natured|ill-humoured|sullen|surly|sulky|sour|churlish|touchy|testy|tetchy|snappish|waspish|prickly|crusty|bilious|liverish|dyspeptic|splenetic|choleric|mardy|snappy|chippy|grouchy|cranky|narky|ratty|eggy|whingy|whingeing|like a bear with a sore head|sorehead|soreheaded|peckish|snaky|miffy


word: PEG
russian_word: колышек
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɛɡ
phonetics_text: pɛɡ
example:
she put her mac on a peg in the hall|the Mexican peso, linked to the dollar by a crawling peg, was distinctly too high|have a peg of whisky|I have a good right peg and the ball ended up in the back of the net

definition:
a short pin or bolt, typically tapered at one end, that is used for securing something in place, hanging things on, or marking a position.|a point or limit on a scale, especially of exchange rates.|a measure of spirits.|a place marked by a peg and allotted to a competitor to fish or shoot from.|a person's leg.|a strong throw.

synonyms:
spike|pin|nail|dowel|skewer|rivet|brad|screw|bolt|hook|stick|nog|spigot|fid|hack|hob|piton|tee|thole (pin)|knag|spile

origin:
late Middle English: probably of Low German origin; compare with Dutch dialect peg ‘plug, peg’. The verb dates from the mid 16th century.


word: PEG AWAY
russian_word: корпеть
example: the South African attack kept pegging away
definition: work hard at or try to achieve something over a long period.
synonyms:
work hard|work away|hammer away|grind away|persevere|persist|exert oneself|apply oneself|keep at it|plod|soldier on|slog|beaver (away)|plug (away)|stick at|stick with it|graft|get one's head down


word: PEGGY
russian_word: Пегги
definition: a steward in a ship's mess (often used as a form of address).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛɡi
phonetics_text: ˈpɛɡi
origin:
early 20th century (earlier denoting a man of feminine habits): alteration of Meggy, pet form of the given name Margaret .


word: PEG OUT
russian_word: подыхать
example: I went out to peg out our assembly area|she looked as if she might peg out any moment
definition:
mark the boundaries of an area of land.|die.|score the winning point at cribbage.|hit the peg with the ball as the final stroke in a game.


word: PEJORATIVE
russian_word: уничижительный
example: permissiveness is used almost universally as a pejorative term
definition: expressing contempt or disapproval.
antonyms: complimentary|approbatory
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv
phonetics_text: pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv
synonyms:
disparaging|derogatory|denigratory|deprecatory|defamatory|slanderous|libellous|abusive|insulting|slighting|vituperative|disapproving|contemptuous|bitchy|invective|contumelious

origin:
late 19th century: from French péjoratif, -ive, from late Latin pejorare ‘make worse’, from Latin pejor ‘worse’.


word: PEKINESE
russian_word: пекинес
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌpiːkɪˈniːz
phonetics_text: ˌpiːkɪˈniːz
definition:
a lapdog of a short-legged breed with long hair and a snub nose, originally brought to Europe from the Summer Palace at Beijing (Peking) in 1860.


word: PEKOE
russian_word: высший сорт черного чая
definition: a high-quality black tea made from young leaves.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːkəʊ|ˈpɛːkəʊ
origin:
early 18th century: from Chinese dialect pekho, from pek ‘white’ + ho ‘down’ (the leaves being picked young when covered with down).


word: PELAGIAN
russian_word: пелагический
example: the Pelagian definition of sin and holiness
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈleɪdʒɪən
phonetics_text: pəˈleɪdʒɪən
definition:
relating to or characteristic of the theological doctrine of Pelagius, especially in denying the doctrines of original sin and predestination, and defending innate human goodness and free will.


word: PELAGIC
russian_word: пелагический
example: the kittiwakes return from their pelagic winter wanderings
definition: relating to the open sea.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɪˈladʒɪk
phonetics_text: pɪˈladʒɪk
origin:
mid 17th century: via Latin from Greek pelagikos, from pelagios ‘of the sea’ (from pelagos ‘level surface of the sea’).


word: PELARGONIUM
russian_word: пеларгония
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛləˈɡəʊnɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpɛləˈɡəʊnɪəm
definition:
a tender shrubby plant which is widely cultivated for its red, pink, or white flowers. Some kinds have fragrant leaves which yield an essential oil.

origin:
modern Latin, from Greek pelargos ‘stork’, apparently on the pattern of geranium (based on Greek geranos ‘crane’).


word: PEEL
russian_word: кожура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: piːl
phonetics_text: piːl
definition:
a small square defensive tower of a kind built in the 16th century in the border counties of England and Scotland.

origin:
probably short for synonymous peel-house : peel from Anglo-Norman French pel ‘stake, palisade’, from Latin palus ‘stake’.


word: PELERINE
russian_word: пелерина
definition: a woman's cape of lace or silk with pointed ends at the centre front, popular in the 19th century.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛlərɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɛlərɪn|ˈpɛləriːn
origin:
mid 18th century: from French pèlerine, the sense being a transferred use of the feminine of pèlerin ‘pilgrim’.


word: PELF
russian_word: презренный металл
example: damnation dog thee and thy wretched pelf!
definition: money, especially when gained in a dishonest or dishonourable way.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛlf
phonetics_text: pɛlf
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘booty, pilfered property’): from a variant of Old French pelfre ‘spoils’, of unknown origin. Compare with pilfer.


word: PELICAN
russian_word: пеликан
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛlɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɛlɪk(ə)n
definition:
a large gregarious waterbird with a long bill, an extensible throat pouch for scooping up fish, and mainly white or grey plumage.

origin:
late Old English pellicane, via late Latin from Greek pelekan, probably based on pelekus ‘axe’ (with reference to its bill).


word: PELISSE
russian_word: ротонда
definition: a woman's ankle-length cloak with armholes or sleeves.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈliːs
phonetics_text: pɪˈliːs
origin:
early 18th century: from French, from medieval Latin pellicia (vestis) ‘(garment) of fur’, from pellis ‘skin’.


word: PELLAGRA
russian_word: пеллагра
origin: early 19th century: from Italian, from pelle ‘skin’, on the pattern of podagra .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛˈlaɡrə
phonetics_text: pɛˈlaɡrə|pɛˈleɪɡrə
definition:
a deficiency disease caused by a lack of nicotinic acid or its precursor tryptophan in the diet. It is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhoea, and mental disturbance, and is often linked to over-dependence on maize as a staple food.


word: PELLICLE
russian_word: пленка
definition: a thin skin, cuticle, membrane, or film.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛlɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛlɪk(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from French pellicule, from Latin pellicula ‘small piece of skin’, diminutive of pellis .


word: PELLITORY
russian_word: постенница
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛlɪtəri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛlɪtəri
definition:
a European plant of the nettle family with greenish flowers, which grows on or at the foot of walls or in stony places.|a plant of the daisy family, Anacyclus pyrethrum, with a pungent root, once used as a remedy for toothache.

origin:
late Middle English: pellitory (sense 1) apparently an alteration of obsolete parietary, from Old French paritaire, based on Latin paries, pariet- ‘wall’; pellitory (sense 2) probably a variant of obsolete pelleter, via Old French from Latin pyrethrum pyrethrum.


word: PELL-MELL
russian_word: беспорядочно
example: they rushed pell-mell up the hill
definition: in a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.
part_of_speech: adverb|adjective|noun
phonetic: pɛlˈmɛl
phonetics_text: pɛlˈmɛl
synonyms:
helter-skelter|headlong|(at) full tilt|hotfoot|post-haste|hurriedly|hastily|wildly|impetuously|recklessly|rashly|precipitately|impulsively|slap bang|hurry-scurry|in disorder|in confusion|in a muddle/jumble|in disarray|in a disorganized manner|untidily|in a mess|in a heap|anyhow|all over the place|every which way|all over the shop|shambolically|all over the map|all over the lot

origin:
late 16th century: from French pêle-mêle, from earlier pesle mesle, mesle pesle, reduplication from mesler ‘to mix’.


word: PELMET
russian_word: ламбрекен
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛlmɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛlmɪt
definition:
a narrow border of cloth or wood, fitted across the top of a door or window to conceal the curtain fittings.

origin:
early 20th century: probably an alteration of French palmette, literally ‘small palm’ (see palmette).


word: PELOTA
russian_word: пелота
origin: Spanish, literally ‘ball’, augmentative of pella, from Latin pila ‘ball’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈlɒtə
phonetics_text: pɪˈlɒtə|pɪˈləʊtə
definition:
a Basque or Spanish game played in a walled court with a ball and basket-like rackets fastened to the hand.


word: PELT
russian_word: шкура
example: two boys pelted him with rotten apples|I pelted across the road
definition: hurl missiles repeatedly at.|run somewhere very quickly.
origin: late 15th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɛlt
phonetics_text: pɛlt
synonyms:
bombard|shower|attack|assail|batter|pepper|strafe|rake|sweep|enfilade|blitz|throw at|rain something down on|fire a broadside at|cannonade|fusillade


word: PELTRY
russian_word: пушнина
definition: animal pelts collectively.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛltri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛltri
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French pelterie, based on Old French pel ‘skin’, from Latin pellis .


word: PELVIMETRY
russian_word: пельвиметрия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛlˈvɪmɪtri
phonetics_text: pɛlˈvɪmɪtri
definition:
measurement of the dimensions of the bony pelvis, undertaken chiefly to help determine whether a woman can give birth normally or will require a caesarean section.


word: PELVIS
russian_word: таз
origin: early 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘basin’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛlvɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpɛlvɪs
definition:
the large bony frame near the base of the spine to which the hindlimbs or legs are attached in humans and many other vertebrates.|the broadened top part of the ureter into which the kidney tubules drain.


word: PEMMICAN
russian_word: пеммикан
origin: from Cree pimecan, from pime ‘fat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛmɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɛmɪk(ə)n
definition:
a pressed cake of pounded dried meat mixed to a paste with melted fat and other ingredients, originally made by North American Indians and later adapted by Arctic explorers.


word: PEN
russian_word: ручка
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɛn
phonetics_text: pɛn
definition:
an instrument for writing or drawing with ink, typically consisting of a metal nib or ball, or a nylon tip, fitted into a metal or plastic holder.|the tapering cartilaginous internal shell of a squid.

origin:
Middle English (originally denoting a feather with a sharpened quill): from Old French penne, from Latin penna ‘feather’ (in late Latin ‘pen’).


word: PENALIZE
russian_word: наказывать
definition: subject to a penalty or punishment.|put at an unfair disadvantage.
antonyms: reward
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpiːn(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpiːn(ə)lʌɪz
example:
high-spending councils will be penalized|if the bill is not amended genuine claimants will be penalized

synonyms:
punish|discipline|inflict a penalty on|exact a penalty from|deal with|mete out punishment to|sentence|impose a sentence on|chastise|castigate|correct|chasten


word: PENALTY
russian_word: штраф
antonyms: reward
synonyms: punishment|sanction|punitive action|retribution|penance|fine|forfeit|sentence|mulct
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛn(ə)lti
phonetics_text: ˈpɛn(ə)lti
example:
the charge carries a maximum penalty of ten years' imprisonment|she only incurred 6.40 penalties for time on cross-country

definition:
a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract.|(in sports and games) a handicap imposed on a player or team for infringement of rules.

origin:
early 16th century: probably via Anglo-Norman French, from medieval Latin poenalitas, based on poena ‘pain’.


word: PENALTY KICK
russian_word: пенальти
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a free kick at the goal from the penalty spot (which only the goalkeeper is allowed to defend), awarded to the attacking team after a foul within the penalty area by an opponent.|a place kick awarded to a team after an offence by an opponent.


word: PENANCE
russian_word: покаяние
example: he had done public penance for those hasty words
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛnəns
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnəns
definition:
punishment inflicted on oneself as an outward expression of repentance for wrongdoing.|a sacrament in which a member of the Church confesses sins to a priest and is given absolution.

synonyms:
atonement|expiation|self-punishment|self-mortification|self-abasement|reparation|amends|penalty|punishment|atone|make up|redeem oneself|pay the penalty|pay|recompense|pay the price|expiate|redress|compensate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin paenitentia ‘repentance’, from the verb paenitere ‘be sorry’.


word: PENCHANT
russian_word: склонность
example: he has a penchant for adopting stray dogs
definition: a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something.
origin: late 17th century: from French, ‘leaning, inclining’, present participle of the verb pencher .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃
phonetics_text: ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃
synonyms:
liking|fondness|preference|taste|relish|appetite|partiality|soft spot|love|passion|desire|fancy|whim|weakness|inclination|bent|bias|proclivity|predilection|predisposition|affinity


word: PENCIL
russian_word: карандаш
example: have a pencil and paper ready
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛns(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛns(ə)l|ˈpɛnsɪl
definition:
an instrument for writing or drawing, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or a similar substance enclosed in a long thin piece of wood or fixed in a cylindrical case.|a set of light rays, lines, etc. converging to or diverging narrowly from a single point.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a fine paintbrush): from Old French pincel, from a diminutive of Latin peniculus ‘brush’, diminutive of penis ‘tail’. The verb was originally (early 16th century) in the sense ‘paint with a fine brush’.


word: PENDANT
russian_word: кулон
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnd(ə)nt
example:
a jade-green pendant on a gold chain|decorative pendants may need a special ceiling fitting|the triptych's pendant will occupy the corresponding wall in the south transept

definition:
a piece of jewellery that hangs from a chain worn round the neck.|a light designed to hang from the ceiling.|the part of a pocket watch by which it is suspended.|an artistic, literary, or musical composition intended to match or complement another.|a tapering flag.

origin:
Middle English (denoting an architectural decoration projecting downwards): from Old French, literally ‘hanging’, present participle of the verb pendre, from Latin pendere .


word: PENDENT
russian_word: кулон
example: pendent catkins|the use of jurisdiction to decide pendent claims
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnd(ə)nt
definition:
hanging down or overhanging.|remaining undecided; pending.|(especially of a sentence) incomplete; not having a finite verb.

synonyms:
hanging|suspended|supported from above|dangling|pendulous|drooping|droopy|flaccid|swinging|swaying|trailing|flowing|falling|tumbling|pendant|pensile


word: PENDING
russian_word: в ожидании
example: nine cases were still pending
definition: awaiting decision or settlement.
origin: mid 17th century: anglicized spelling of French pendant ‘hanging’.
part_of_speech: adjective|preposition
phonetic: ˈpɛndɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛndɪŋ
synonyms:
unresolved|undecided|unsettled|unconcluded|uncertain|awaiting decision|awaiting action|undetermined|(still) open|hanging fire|(up) in the air|in limbo|in the balance|on ice|in reserve|in abeyance|ongoing|awaiting attention|outstanding|to be done|undone|not done|unattended to|unfinished|incomplete|left|remaining|on the back burner


word: PENDULOUS
russian_word: подвесной
example: pendulous branches
definition: hanging down loosely.
origin: early 17th century: from Latin pendulus ‘hanging down’ (from pendere ‘hang’) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛndjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɛndjʊləs
synonyms:
drooping|dangling|droopy|sagging|saggy|floppy|hanging|suspended|supported from above|pendent|swinging|swaying|falling|tumbling|trailing|flowing|loose|relaxed|pensile


word: PENDULUM
russian_word: маятник
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, neuter (used as a noun) of pendulus ‘hanging down’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛndjʊləm
phonetics_text: ˈpɛndjʊləm
definition:
a weight hung from a fixed point so that it can swing freely, especially a rod with a weight at the end that regulates the mechanism of a clock.


word: PENEPLAIN
russian_word: пенеплен
origin: late 19th century: from Latin paene ‘almost’ + plain1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːnɪpleɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpiːnɪpleɪn
definition:
a more or less level land surface produced by erosion over a long period, undisturbed by crustal movement.


word: PENETRABLE
russian_word: проницаемый
example: the outer membrane is penetrable|the translation makes the original text penetrable
definition: allowing things to pass through; permeable.|possible to understand; understandable.
antonyms: impervious|impenetrable|incomprehensible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪtrəbl
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪtrəbl
synonyms:
permeable|pervious|porous|open|honeycombed|cellular|holey|sieve-like|leaky|pierceable|accessible|understandable|fathomable|graspable|approachable|easy to understand|comprehensible to|intelligible to|accessible to


word: PENETRANCE
russian_word: проницаемость
origin: 1930s: from German Penetranz .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪtr(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪtr(ə)ns
definition:
the extent to which a particular gene or set of genes is expressed in the phenotypes of individuals carrying it, measured by the proportion of carriers showing the characteristic phenotype.


word: PENETRANT
russian_word: пенетрантный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪtr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪtr(ə)nt
definition:
(of a gene or group of genes) producing characteristic effects in the phenotypes of individuals possessing it.


word: PENETRATE
russian_word: проникать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪtreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪtreɪt
example:
the shrapnel had penetrated his head|M15 had been penetrated by Russian intelligence|I could never penetrate his thoughts

definition:
go into or through (something), especially with force or effort.|gain access to (an organization, place, or system), especially when this is difficult to do.|succeed in understanding or gaining insight into (something complex or mysterious).

synonyms:
pierce|puncture|make a hole in|perforate|stab|prick|probe|gore|spike|stick|impale|transfix|bore (through)|drill (through)|lance

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin penetrat- ‘placed or gone into’, from the verb penetrare ; related to penitus ‘inner’.


word: PENETRATING
russian_word: проникающий
example: the problem of penetrating damp
definition: able to make a way through or into something.
antonyms: mild
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪtreɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪtreɪtɪŋ
synonyms:
pungent|pervasive|strong|powerful|suffocating|stifling|sharp|acrid|acid|sour|biting|stinging|burning|smarting|irritating|nauseating|nauseous|sickly|offensive|astringent|bitter|fetid|cloying|heady|aromatic|flowery|fragrant|mephitic


word: PENETRATION
russian_word: проникновение
antonyms: dullness
origin: late Middle English: from Latin penetratio(n- ), from the verb penetrare ‘place within or enter’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛnɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɛnɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the zip has a Velcro-secured flap to minimize rain penetration|they had failed to make any penetration into new energy markets|the survey shows subtlety and penetration

definition:
the action or process of penetrating something.|the selling of a company's products in a particular market or area.|the perceptive understanding of complex matters.

synonyms:
perforation|piercing|puncturing|puncture|riddling|stabbing|prick|pricking|probing|goring|spiking|sticking|impaling|impalement|transfixing|transfixion|boring|drilling|lancing|tapping|infiltration|entry|inflow|spread|spreading|diffusion|percolation|filtering|seepage|soaking|soakage


word: PENETROMETER
russian_word: пенетрометр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛnɪˈtrɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌpɛnɪˈtrɒmɪtə
definition:
an instrument for determining the consistency or hardness of a substance by measuring the depth or rate of penetration of a rod or needle driven into it by a known force.


word: PENGUIN
russian_word: пингвин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛŋɡwɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɛŋɡwɪn
definition:
a large flightless seabird of the southern hemisphere, with black upper parts and white underparts and wings developed into flippers for swimming under water.

origin:
late 16th century (originally denoting the great auk): possibly of Welsh origin, from pen gwyn ‘white head’.


word: PENICILLIN
russian_word: пенициллин
example: patients who are allergic to penicillin
origin: from the modern Latin genus name Penicillium (see penicillium) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛnɪˈsɪlɪn
phonetics_text: pɛnɪˈsɪlɪn
definition:
an antibiotic or group of antibiotics produced naturally by certain blue moulds, now usually prepared synthetically. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 and during the Second World War became the first antibiotic to be used by doctors.|a blue mould of a type that produces penicillin.


word: PENICILLIUM
russian_word: пеницилл
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛnɪˈsɪlɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpɛnɪˈsɪlɪəm
definition:
a blue mould that is common on food, being added to some cheeses and used sometimes to produce penicillin.

origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Latin penicillus ‘paintbrush’ (because of the brushlike fruiting bodies).


word: PENINSULA
russian_word: полуостров
definition: a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin paeninsula, from paene ‘almost’ + insula ‘island’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈnɪnsjʊlə
phonetics_text: pɪˈnɪnsjʊlə
synonyms:
cape|promontory|point|head|headland|foreland|ness|horn|bill|bluff|limb|mull|half-island|half-isle|demi-island


word: PENINSULAR
russian_word: полуостровной
example: the counties of peninsular Florida
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪˈnɪnsjʊlə
phonetics_text: pɪˈnɪnsjʊlə
definition:
denoting or relating to an area of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water.


word: PENIS
russian_word: пенис
origin: late 17th century: from Latin, ‘tail, penis’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːnɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpiːnɪs
definition:
the male genital organ of higher vertebrates, carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation. In humans and most other mammals it consists largely of erectile tissue and is used also for urination.

synonyms:
phallus|(male) member|(male) organ|sex|erection|pee-pee|mickey|lunch box|intromittent organ|membrum virile|virile member|nerve|person|propagator|tarse|verge|pizzle|loom|needle|pillicock|pintle|runnion|cock|dick|prick|knob|chopper|tool|equipment|dipstick|ding-a-ling|dong|(one-eyed) trouser snake|shaft|ramrod|root|boner|length|meat|pudding|pego|John Thomas|Johnson|machine|manhood|thing|winkle|middle leg|third leg|old man|joystick|pencil|pisser|prong|putz|rig|rod|Roger|stalk|stiffy|tonk|tube|weapon|yard|willy|horn|how's your father|peter|plonker|todger|langer|dork|pecker|weenie|wiener|schlong|whang|whanger


word: PENITENCE
russian_word: покаяние
example: a public display of penitence
definition: the action of feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong; repentance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪt(ə)ns
synonyms:
repentance|contrition|compunction|regret|remorse|remorsefulness|ruefulness|pangs of conscience|self-reproach|contriteness|self-accusation|shame|sorrow|guilt


word: PENITENT
russian_word: кающийся
example: a penitent expression
definition: feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong; repentant.
antonyms: impenitent|unrepentant
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin paenitent- ‘repenting’, from the verb paenitere .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪt(ə)nt
synonyms:
repentant|contrite|regretful|remorseful|sorry|apologetic|conscience-stricken|rueful|ashamed|shamefaced|abject


word: PENITENTIARY
russian_word: тюрьма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)ri
definition:
a prison for people convicted of serious crimes.|(in the Roman Catholic Church) a priest appointed to administer penance.

origin:
late Middle English (as a term in ecclesiastical law): from medieval Latin paenitentiarius, from Latin paenitentia ‘repentance’. The North American usage dates from the early 19th century.


word: PENMAN
russian_word: писец
example: this talented penman's work
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnmən
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnmən
definition:
a person, such as a clerk, who was employed to write by hand on behalf of others.|a person who writes with a specified degree of skill.


word: PEN NAME
russian_word: псевдоним
example: his early work was written under the pen name of Owen Meredith
definition: an assumed name used by a writer instead of their real name.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
pseudonym|assumed name|incognito|alias|stage name|professional name|false name|sobriquet|nickname|nom de plume|nom de guerre|allonym|anonym


word: PENNANT
russian_word: вымпел
example: the Dodgers won six pennants during his career
origin: early 17th century: blend of pendant and pennon.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnənt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnənt
definition:
a tapering flag on a ship, especially one flown at the masthead of a vessel in commission.|a flag denoting a sports championship or other achievement.|a short rope hanging from the head of a ship's mast; a pendant.


word: PENNI
russian_word: пенни
origin: Finnish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛni
phonetics_text: ˈpɛni
definition:
(until the introduction of the euro in 2002) a monetary unit of Finland, equal to one hundredth of a markka.


word: PENNILESS
russian_word: без гроша
example: a penniless young student
definition: (of a person) having no money; very poor.
antonyms: wealthy|affluent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪləs
synonyms:
poor|indigent|impoverished|penurious|impecunious|in penury|moneyless|without a sou|as poor as a church mouse|poverty-stricken|destitute|necessitous|bankrupt|bust|insolvent|needy|in need/want|badly off|in reduced circumstances|in straitened circumstances|hard up|on one's beam-ends|unable to make ends meet|underprivileged|on the breadline|broke|flat broke|cleaned out|strapped for cash|strapped|on one's uppers|stony broke|skint|in Queer Street|stone broke|pauperized|beggared


word: PENNON
russian_word: вымпел
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from a derivative of Latin penna ‘feather’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnən
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnən
definition:
a long triangular or swallow-tailed flag, especially one of a kind formerly attached to a lance or helmet; a pennant.


word: PENNY
russian_word: пенни
example: calls are charged at fifty pence a minute|any chance to save a few pennies is welcome
definition: a British bronze coin and monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a pound.|a small sum of money.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛni
phonetics_text: ˈpɛni
origin:
Old English penig, penning of Germanic origin; related to Dutch penning, German Pfennig, perhaps also to pawn2 and (with reference to shape) pan1.


word: PENNY-PINCHING
russian_word: скаредный
definition: unwilling to spend money; miserly.
antonyms: generous|liberal|munificent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnɪpɪntʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnɪpɪntʃɪŋ
synonyms:
miserly|niggardly|parsimonious|close-fisted|cheese-paring|penurious|scrimping|grasping|greedy|avaricious|Scrooge-like|ungenerous|illiberal|close|mean|stingy|mingy|tight|tight-fisted|money-grubbing|money-grabbing|near|tight-arsed|tight-assed


word: PENSION
russian_word: пенсия
example: men can draw a pension from the age of sixty-five
synonyms: annuity|superannuation|welfare payment|allowance|benefit|support|welfare|assistance
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnʃ(ə)n
definition:
a regular payment made by the state to people of or above the official retirement age and to some widows and disabled people.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘payment, tax, regular sum paid to retain allegiance’): from Old French, from Latin pensio(n- ) ‘payment’, from pendere ‘to pay’. The current verb sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: PENSIONARY
russian_word: пенсионный
example: the reduction of pensionary benefits
definition: forming or serving as a pension.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
origin:
late 15th century (in sense ‘paying a pension’): from pension1 + -ary1, after medieval Latin pensionarius ‘paying a pension’.


word: PENSIONER
russian_word: пенсионер
definition: a person who receives a pension, especially the retirement pension.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnʃ(ə)nə
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnʃ(ə)nə
synonyms:
retired person|old-age pensioner|OAP|senior citizen|senior|retiree|superannuitant|retirer|pensionary


word: PENSIVE
russian_word: задумчивый
example: a pensive mood
definition: engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛnsɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnsɪv
synonyms:
thoughtful|thinking|reflective|contemplative|musing|meditative|introspective|prayerful|philosophical|cogitative|ruminative|absorbed|engrossed|rapt|preoccupied|deep/immersed/lost in thought|in a brown study|broody|serious|studious|solemn|dreamy|dreaming|wistful|brooding|melancholy|sad|ruminant

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pensif, -ive, from penser ‘think’, from Latin pensare ‘ponder’, frequentative of pendere ‘weigh’.


word: PENTACLE
russian_word: магическая фигура
origin: late 16th century: from medieval Latin pentaculum, apparently based on Greek penta- ‘five’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛntək(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛntək(ə)l
definition:
a talisman or magical object, typically disc-shaped and inscribed with a pentagram, used as a symbol of the element of earth.


word: PENTAGON
russian_word: пятиугольник
definition: a plane figure with five straight sides and five angles.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛntəɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɛntəɡ(ə)n
origin:
late 16th century: via Latin from Greek pentagōnon, neuter (used as a noun) of pentagōnos ‘five-angled’.


word: PENTAGRAM
russian_word: пентаграмма
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pentagrammon (see penta-, -gram1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛntəɡram
phonetics_text: ˈpɛntəɡram
definition:
a five-pointed star that is formed by drawing a continuous line in five straight segments, often used as a mystic and magical symbol.


word: PENTAMETER
russian_word: пентаметр
origin: early 16th century: via Latin from Greek pentametros (see penta-, -meter).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛnˈtamɪtə
phonetics_text: pɛnˈtamɪtə
definition:
a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet, or (in Greek and Latin verse) of two halves each of two feet and a long syllable.


word: PENTANE
russian_word: пентан
definition: a volatile liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series, present in petroleum spirit.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnteɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnteɪn
origin:
late 19th century: from Greek pente ‘five’ (denoting five carbon atoms) + a shortened form of alkane.


word: PENTAPRISM
russian_word: пентапризма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛntəprɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpɛntəprɪz(ə)m
definition:
a prism having a five-sided cross section with two silvered surfaces, giving a constant deviation of all rays of light through 90°, used chiefly in the viewfinders of single-lens reflex cameras.


word: PENTATHLON
russian_word: пятиборье
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛnˈtaθlɒn
phonetics_text: pɛnˈtaθlɒn|pɛnˈtaθlən
definition:
an athletic event comprising five different events for each competitor, in particular (also modern pentathlon ) an event involving fencing, shooting, swimming, riding, and cross-country running.

origin:
early 17th century (denoting the original five events of leaping, running, discus-throwing, spear-throwing, and wrestling): from Greek, from pente ‘five’ + athlon ‘contest’.


word: PENTATONIC
russian_word: пентатонике
example: pentatonic scales in the key of G Major
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛntəˈtɒnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɛntəˈtɒnɪk
definition:
relating to, based on, or denoting a scale of five notes, especially one without semitones equivalent to an ordinary major scale with the fourth and seventh omitted.


word: PENTHOUSE
russian_word: пентхауз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnthaʊs
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnthaʊs
definition:
a flat on the top floor of a tall building, typically one that is luxuriously fitted.|an outhouse or shelter with a sloping roof, built on to the side of a building.

origin:
Middle English pentis (in penthouse (sense 2)), shortening of Old French apentis, based on late Latin appendicium ‘appendage’, from Latin appendere ‘hang on’. The change of form in the 16th century was by association with French pente ‘slope’ and house.


word: PENTLANDITE
russian_word: пентландит
origin: mid 19th century: from the name of Joseph B. Pentland (1797–1873), Irish traveller, + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛntləndʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛntləndʌɪt
definition:
a bronze-yellow mineral which consists of a sulphide of iron and nickel and is the principal ore of nickel.


word: PENTOSE
russian_word: пентозы
origin: late 19th century: from penta- ‘five’ + -ose2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛntəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈpɛntəʊz|ˈpɛntəʊs
definition:
any of the class of simple sugars whose molecules contain five carbon atoms, such as ribose and xylose. They generally have the chemical formula C5H10O5.


word: PENULTIMATE
russian_word: предпоследний
example: the penultimate chapter of the book
definition: last but one in a series of things; second last.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪˈnʌltɪmət
phonetics_text: pɪˈnʌltɪmət
origin:
late 17th century: from Latin paenultimus, from paene ‘almost’ + ultimus ‘last’, on the pattern of ultimate .


word: PENUMBRA
russian_word: полутень
example: an immense penumbra of theory surrounds any observation
origin: mid 17th century: modern Latin, from Latin paene ‘almost’ + umbra ‘shadow’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈnʌmbrə
phonetics_text: pɪˈnʌmbrə
definition:
the partially shaded outer region of the shadow cast by an opaque object.|a peripheral or indeterminate area or group.


word: PENURIOUS
russian_word: бедный
definition: extremely poor; poverty-stricken.|unwilling to spend money; mean.
antonyms: wealthy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪˈnjʊərɪəs
phonetics_text: pɪˈnjʊərɪəs
example:
a penurious old tramp|a tight-fisted, penurious boss whose wage scale is well below other bandleaders

synonyms:
poor|as poor as a church mouse|poverty-stricken|destitute|necessitous|in penury|impecunious|impoverished|indigent|needy|in need/want|badly off|in reduced circumstances|in straitened circumstances|hard up|on one's beam-ends|unable to make ends meet|underprivileged|penniless|without a sou|moneyless|bankrupt|bust|insolvent|on the breadline|broke|flat broke|cleaned out|strapped for cash|strapped|on one's uppers|stony broke|skint|in Queer Street|stone broke|pauperized|beggared

origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin penuriosus, from Latin penuria ‘need, scarcity’ (see penury).


word: PENURY
russian_word: нужда
example: he couldn't face another year of penury
definition: the state of being very poor; extreme poverty.
antonyms: wealth|affluence
origin: late Middle English: from Latin penuria ‘need, scarcity’; perhaps related to paene ‘almost’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛnjʊri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛnjʊri
synonyms:
extreme/dire poverty|pennilessness|impecuniousness|impoverishment|indigence|need|neediness|want|destitution|privation|deprivation|hardship|beggary|bankruptcy|insolvency|ruin|reduced circumstances|straitened circumstances|pauperism|pauperdom|mendicity


word: PEON
russian_word: полицейский
example: the elder son is a peon at a nearby school
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːən
phonetics_text: ˈpiːən
definition:
a Spanish American day labourer or unskilled farm worker.|(in South and SE Asia) a low-ranking worker such as an attendant, orderly, or assistant.|a bullfighter who uses banderillas (darts thrust into a bull's neck or shoulders); a banderillero.

origin:
from Portuguese peão and Spanish peón, from medieval Latin pedo, pedon- ‘walker, foot soldier’, from Latin pes, ped- ‘foot’. Compare with pawn1.


word: PEONY
russian_word: пион
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːəni
phonetics_text: ˈpiːəni
definition:
a herbaceous or shrubby plant of north temperate regions, which has long been cultivated for its showy flowers.

origin:
Old English peonie, via Latin from Greek paiōnia, from Paiōn, the name of the physician of the gods.


word: PEOPLE
russian_word: люди
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French poeple, from Latin populus ‘populace’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpiːp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpiːp(ə)l
example:
the earthquake killed 30,000 people|the native peoples of Canada|I've had my people watching the house for some time now

definition:
human beings in general or considered collectively.|the members of a particular nation, community, or ethnic group.|the supporters or employees of a person in a position of power or authority.

synonyms:
human beings|persons|individuals|humans|mankind|humankind|the human race|Homo sapiens|humanity|the human species|mortals|(living) souls|personages|men|women|and children|folk|peeps


word: PEP
russian_word: бодрость духа
example: he was an enthusiastic player, full of pep
definition: energy and high spirits; liveliness.
origin: early 20th century: abbreviation of pepper.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɛp
phonetics_text: pɛp
synonyms:
dynamism|life|go|energy|spirit|liveliness|animation|bounce|sparkle|effervescence|fizz|verve|spiritedness|ebullience|high spirits|enthusiasm|initiative|vitality|vivacity|fire|dash|panache|elan|snap|zest|zeal|exuberance|vigour|gusto|drive|push|brio|feistiness|get-up-and-go|gumption|oomph|pizzazz|vim|zing|zip


word: PEPINO
russian_word: пепино
origin: mid 19th century: from Spanish, literally ‘cucumber’ (because of the elongated shape of the fruit).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛˈpiːnəʊ
phonetics_text: pɛˈpiːnəʊ
definition:
a spiny plant of the nightshade family, with edible purple-streaked yellow fruit, native to the Andes.


word: PEPLOS
russian_word: пеплум
origin: Greek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛplɒs
phonetics_text: ˈpɛplɒs
definition:
a rich outer robe or shawl worn by women in ancient Greece, hanging in loose folds and sometimes drawn over the head.


word: PEPLUM
russian_word: пеплум
example: a little black dress with a peplum over a straight skirt
origin: late 17th century: via Latin from Greek peplos .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛpləm
phonetics_text: ˈpɛpləm
definition:
a short gathered or pleated strip of fabric attached at the waist of a woman's jacket, dress, or blouse to create a hanging frill or flounce.|(in ancient Greece) a woman's loose outer tunic or shawl.


word: PEPO
russian_word: Пепо
definition: any fleshy watery fruit of the melon or cucumber type, with numerous seeds and a firm rind.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːpəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːpəʊ
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin, literally ‘pumpkin’, from Greek pepōn (from pepōn sikuos ‘ripe gourd’).


word: PEPPER
russian_word: перец
example: season to taste with salt and pepper|he liked to play pepper
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛpə
phonetics_text: ˈpɛpə
definition:
a pungent hot-tasting powder prepared from dried and ground peppercorns, used as a spice or condiment to flavour food.|a capsicum, especially a sweet pepper.|a climbing vine with berries that are dried as black or white peppercorns.|a practice game in which a fielder throws at close range to a batter who hits back to the fielder.

origin:
Old English piper, pipor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch peper and German Pfeffer ; via Latin from Greek peperi, from Sanskrit pippalī ‘berry, peppercorn’.


word: PEPPERMINT
russian_word: мята
example: peppermint creams
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛpəmɪnt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛpəmɪnt
definition:
the aromatic leaves of a plant of the mint family, or an essential oil obtained from them, used as a flavouring in food.|the cultivated Old World plant which yields peppermint leaves or oil.|any of a number of trees or shrubs with peppermint-scented foliage.


word: PEPSINOGEN
russian_word: пепсиногена
example: serum pepsinogen
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛpˈsɪnədʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɛpˈsɪnədʒ(ə)n
definition:
a substance which is secreted by the stomach wall and converted into the enzyme pepsin by gastric acid.


word: PEPTIDE
russian_word: пептид
origin: early 20th century: from German Peptid, back-formation from Polypeptid ‘polypeptide’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛptʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɛptʌɪd
definition:
a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain, the carboxyl group of each acid being joined to the amino group of the next by a bond of the type -OC-NH-.


word: PEPTIDOGLYCAN
russian_word: пептидогликан
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛpˌtʌɪdə(ʊ)ˈɡlʌɪkan
phonetics_text: pɛpˌtʌɪdə(ʊ)ˈɡlʌɪkan
definition:
a substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides.


word: PERAMBULATE
russian_word: расхаживать
example: the locals perambulate up and down the thoroughfare
definition: walk or travel through or round a place or area, especially for pleasure and in a leisurely way.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈrambjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: pəˈrambjʊleɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin perambulat- ‘walked about’, from the verb perambulare, from per- ‘all over’ + ambulare ‘to walk’.


word: PERBORATE
russian_word: перборат
example: one of the common peroxide bleaches, perborate, produces boron when it breaks down
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈbɔːreɪt
phonetics_text: pəˈbɔːreɪt
definition:
a salt which is an oxidized borate containing a peroxide linkage, especially a sodium salt of this kind used as a bleach.


word: PERCEIVE
russian_word: воспринимать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈsiːv
phonetics_text: pəˈsiːv
example:
his mouth fell open as he perceived the truth|if Guy does not perceive himself as disabled, nobody else should

definition:
become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand.|interpret or regard (someone or something) in a particular way.

synonyms:
discern|recognize|become cognizant of|become aware of|become conscious of|get/come to know|tell|distinguish|grasp|understand|take in|make out|find|identify|hit on|comprehend|apprehend|figure out|deduce|conclude|see|discover|learn|appreciate|realize|ascertain|sense|divine|intuit|catch on to|have an aha moment|twig|cognize

origin:
Middle English: from a variant of Old French perçoivre, from Latin percipere ‘seize, understand’, from per- ‘entirely’ + capere ‘take’.


word: PERCENTILE
russian_word: процентиль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsɛntʌɪl
phonetics_text: pəˈsɛntʌɪl
definition:
each of the 100 equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.


word: PERCEPT
russian_word: объект или результат перцепции
definition: an object of perception; something that is perceived.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːsɛpt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːsɛpt
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin perceptum ‘something perceived’, neuter past participle of percipere ‘seize, understand’, on the pattern of concept .


word: PERCEPTIBLE
russian_word: уловимый
example: a perceptible decline in public confidence
definition: (especially of a slight movement or change of state) able to be seen or noticed.
antonyms: imperceptible|inconspicuous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈsɛptɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈsɛptɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
noticeable|perceivable|detectable|discernible|appreciable|visible|observable|recognizable|obvious|evident|manifest|patent|clear|distinct|plain|overt|conspicuous|distinguishable|unmistakable|unconcealed|transparent|apparent|significant|measurable|tangible|palpable

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin perceptibilis, from Latin percipere ‘seize, understand’ (see perceive).


word: PERCEPTION
russian_word: восприятие
example: the normal limits to human perception|Hollywood's perception of the tastes of the American public
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
definition:
the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.|the way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin perceptio(n- ), from the verb percipere ‘seize, understand’ (see perceive).


word: PERCEPTIVE
russian_word: восприимчивый
example: an extraordinarily perceptive account of their relationship
definition: having or showing sensitive insight.
antonyms: obtuse|unobservant|dull
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈsɛptɪv
phonetics_text: pəˈsɛptɪv
synonyms:
insightful|discerning|responsive|sensitive|observant|piercing|penetrating|percipient|perspicacious|penetrative|intelligent|clever|canny|keen|sharp|sharp-witted|quick-witted|astute|shrewd|subtle|quick|ready|clear|acute|discriminating|intuitive|thoughtful|deep|profound


word: PERCHANCE
russian_word: случайно
example: we dare not go ashore lest perchance we should fall into some snare
definition: by some chance; perhaps.
origin: Middle English: from Old French par cheance ‘by chance’.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈtʃɑːns
phonetics_text: pəˈtʃɑːns
synonyms:
by chance|by any chance|by some chance|as it may be|as it may happen|as things may turn out|maybe|perhaps|possibly|for all one knows|it could be (that)|it is possible (that)|conceivably|happen|peradventure|mayhap|haply|percase


word: PERCHERON
russian_word: першерон
definition: a powerful draught horse of a grey or black breed, originally from France.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːʃ(ə)rɒn
phonetics_text: ˈpəːʃ(ə)rɒn
origin:
late 19th century: from French, originally bred in le Perche, the name of a district of northern France.


word: PERCIPIENT
russian_word: воспринимающий
example: he is a percipient interpreter of the public mood
definition: having good insight or understanding; perceptive.
antonyms: obtuse|stupid
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin percipient- ‘seizing, understanding’, from the verb percipere .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈsɪpɪənt
phonetics_text: pəˈsɪpɪənt
synonyms:
astute|perceptive|shrewd|discerning|perspicacious|sharp|sharp-witted|acute|penetrating|discriminating|clear-sighted|clear-eyed|far-sighted|intelligent|clever|canny|intuitive|quick|alert|sensible|judicious|wise|sagacious|sage|incisive|sharp-sighted|far-seeing|open-eyed|understanding|responsive|sensitive|on the ball|smart|downy|suss|pawky|heads-up|long-headed|argute


word: PERCOLATE
russian_word: процедить
example: the water percolating through the soil may leach out minerals|he put some coffee on to percolate
synonyms: filter|drain|drip|ooze|seep|trickle|dribble|strain|leak|leach|filtrate|transude
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːkəleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːkəleɪt
definition:
(of a liquid or gas) filter gradually through a porous surface or substance.|(of coffee) be prepared in a percolator.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin percolat- ‘strained through’, from the verb percolare, from per- ‘through’ + colare ‘to strain’ (from colum ‘strainer’).


word: PERCOLATIVE
russian_word: перколяционная
example: percolative structures
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːkəleɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpəːkəleɪtɪv
definition:
allowing or involving the gradual filtering of a liquid or gas through a porous surface or substance.


word: PERCOLATOR
russian_word: кофеварка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːkəleɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈpəːkəleɪtə
definition:
a machine for making coffee, consisting of a pot in which boiling water is circulated through a small chamber that holds the ground beans.


word: PERCUSS
russian_word: перкутировать
example: the bladder was percussed
definition: gently tap (a part of the body) with a finger or an instrument as part of a diagnosis.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈkʌs
phonetics_text: pəˈkʌs
origin:
mid 16th century (in the general sense ‘give a blow to’): from Latin percuss- ‘struck forcibly’, from the verb percutere, from per- ‘through’ + quatere ‘to shake, strike’.


word: PERCUSSION
russian_word: перкуссия
example: percussion instruments|the clattering percussion of objects striking the walls and the shutters
synonyms: crash|bang|smash|clash|bump|thump|thwack|whack|impact|collision|striking|beating|shock|knock
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈkʌʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈkʌʃ(ə)n
definition:
musical instruments played by striking with the hand or with a stick or beater, or by shaking, including drums, cymbals, xylophones, gongs, bells, and rattles.|the striking of one solid object with or against another with some degree of force.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin percussio(n- ), from the verb percutere ‘to strike forcibly’ (see percuss).


word: PERCUSSION CAP
russian_word: пистон
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a small amount of explosive powder contained in metal or paper and exploded by striking, used in toy guns and formerly in firearms.


word: PERDITION
russian_word: погибель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈdɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈdɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
(in Christian theology) a state of eternal punishment and damnation into which a sinful and unrepentant person passes after death.

synonyms:
damnation|eternal punishment|hell|hellfire|spiritual destruction|doom|ruin|ruination|condemnation|destruction|downfall

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French perdiciun, from ecclesiastical Latin perditio(n- ), from Latin perdere ‘destroy’, from per- ‘completely, to destruction’ + the base of dare ‘put’.


word: PEREGRINATE
russian_word: путешествовать
example: we peregrinated over Stanmore, and visited the Castles of Bowes and Brougham
definition: travel or wander from place to place.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪɡrɪˌneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪɡrɪˌneɪt
origin:
late 16th century (earlier (Middle English) as peregrination ): from Latin peregrinat- ‘travelled abroad’, from the verb peregrinari, from peregrinus ‘foreign, travelling’.


word: PEREGRINATION
russian_word: странствие
example: she kept Aunt Ilsa company on her peregrinations
definition: a journey, especially a long or meandering one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪɡrɪˈneɪʃən
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪɡrɪˈneɪʃən
synonyms:
travels|wanderings|journeys|voyages|expeditions|explorations|perambulations|odysseys|trips|treks|excursions|globetrotting|travelling|wandering|journeying|roving|roaming|wayfaring|trekking


word: PEREGRINE
russian_word: сапсан
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪɡrɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪɡrɪn
definition:
a powerful falcon found on most continents, breeding chiefly on mountains and coastal cliffs and much used for falconry.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin peregrinus ‘foreign’, from peregre ‘abroad’, from per- ‘through’ + ager ‘field’. The falcon's name is a translation of the modern Latin taxonomic name, literally ‘pilgrim falcon’, because falconers' birds were caught fully grown on migration, not taken from the nest.


word: PEREIOPOD
russian_word: переопод
definition: each of the eight walking limbs of a crustacean such as a crab or lobster, growing from the thorax.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrʌɪəpɒd
phonetics_text: pəˈrʌɪəpɒd|pəˈriːəpɒd
origin:
late 19th century: from Greek peraioōn ‘transporting’ (present participle of peraioun ) + pous, pod- ‘foot’.


word: PEREMPTORY
russian_word: безапелляционный
example: ‘Just do it!’ came the peremptory reply
definition: insisting on immediate attention or obedience, especially in a brusquely imperious way.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈrɛm(p)t(ə)ri
phonetics_text: pəˈrɛm(p)t(ə)ri
synonyms:
brusque|imperious|high-handed|brisk|abrupt|summary|commanding|authoritative|overbearing|dogmatic|autocratic|dictatorial|bossy|domineering|arbitrary|arrogant|overweening|lordly|tyrannical|despotic|imperial|magisterial|authoritarian|emphatic|firm|insistent|imperative|positive

origin:
late Middle English (as a legal term): via Anglo-Norman French from Latin peremptorius ‘deadly, decisive’, from perempt- ‘destroyed, cut off’, from the verb perimere, from per- ‘completely’ + emere ‘take, buy’.


word: PERENNIAL
russian_word: постоянный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈrɛnɪəl
phonetics_text: pəˈrɛnɪəl
example:
his perennial distrust of the media|cow parsley is perennial|spring streams rise from perennial springs

definition:
lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring.|(of a plant) living for several years.|(of a stream or spring) flowing throughout the year.

synonyms:
everlasting|perpetual|eternal|continuing|unending|never-ending|endless|undying|ceaseless|abiding|enduring|lasting|persisting|permanent|constant|continual|unfailing|unchanging|never-changing

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘remaining leafy throughout the year, evergreen’): from Latin perennis ‘lasting the year through’ + -ial.


word: PERENNIALLY
russian_word: вечно
example: a new blow to the perennially struggling economy|a lily that grows perennially from bulbs
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈrɛnɪəli
phonetics_text: pəˈrɛnɪəli
definition:
in a way that continues for a long or apparently infinite time; permanently.|on a yearly basis for several years.


word: PERESTROIKA
russian_word: перестройка
origin: Russian, literally ‘restructuring’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈstrɔɪkə
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈstrɔɪkə
definition:
(in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labour efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.


word: PERFECT
russian_word: идеальный
example: life certainly isn't perfect at the moment|a perfect stranger
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
definition:
having all the required or desirable elements, qualities, or characteristics; as good as it is possible to be.|absolute; complete (used for emphasis).|(of a number) equal to the sum of its positive divisors, e.g. the number 6, whose divisors (1, 2, 3) also add up to 6.|(of a tense) denoting a completed action or a state or habitual action which began in the past. The perfect tense is formed in English with have or has and the past participle, as in they have eaten and they have been eating ( present perfect ), they had eaten ( past perfect ), and they will have eaten ( future perfect ).|(of a flower) having both stamens and carpels present and functional.

synonyms:
ideal|model|without fault|faultless|flawless|consummate|quintessential|exemplary|best|best-example|ultimate|copybook|superb|exquisite|superlative|excellent|wonderful|marvellous|beautiful|sublime|magnificent|idyllic|blissful|utopian|unrivalled|unequalled|matchless|unparalleled|beyond compare|without equal|second to none|too good to be true|unmatched|incomparable|nonpareil|peerless|inimitable|unexcelled|unsurpassed|unsurpassable|out of this world|terrific|fantastic|fabulous|great|super|heavenly|glorious|gorgeous|stellar|divine|phenomenal|sensational|dreamy|fab|fabby|fantabulous|awesome|to die for|magic|ace|brilliant|brill|bosting|unexampled|indefectible

phonetic:
Middle English: from Old French perfet, from Latin perfectus ‘completed’, from the verb perficere, from per- ‘through, completely’ + facere ‘do’.


word: PERFECTION
russian_word: совершенство
example: the satiny perfection of her skin
definition: the state or quality of being perfect.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈfɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈfɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
flawlessness|excellence|superbness|sublimity|exquisiteness|magnificence|perfectness|faultlessness|impeccability|immaculateness|exemplariness

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘completeness’): via Old French from Latin perfectio(n- ), from perficere ‘to complete’ (see perfect).


word: PERFECTLY
russian_word: отлично
example: the ring fitted perfectly
definition: in a manner or way that could not be better.
antonyms: badly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpəːfɪk(t)li
phonetics_text: ˈpəːfɪk(t)li
synonyms:
superbly|superlatively|excellently|flawlessly|faultlessly|to perfection|without fault|ideally|wonderfully|marvellously|magnificently|sublimely|admirably|inimitably|incomparably|impeccably|immaculately|exquisitely|consummately|to a fare-thee-well|like a dream|to a T|terrifically|fantastically|absolutely|utterly|completely|altogether|entirely|wholly|totally|thoroughly|fully|quite|in every respect


word: PERFERVID
russian_word: пылкий
example: a perfervid gardener
definition: intense and impassioned.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈfəːvɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈfəːvɪd
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin perfervidus, from Latin per- ‘utterly’ + fervidus ‘glowing hot, fiery’.


word: PERFIDIOUS
russian_word: вероломный
example: a perfidious lover
definition: deceitful and untrustworthy.
antonyms: faithful|loyal
origin: late 16th century: from Latin perfidiosus, from perfidia ‘treachery’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈfɪdɪəs
phonetics_text: pəˈfɪdɪəs
synonyms:
treacherous|duplicitous|deceitful|disloyal|faithless|unfaithful|traitorous|treasonous|false|untrue|double-dealing|dishonest|two-faced|Janus-faced|untrustworthy|false-hearted|double-faced|truthless|Punic


word: PERFIDY
russian_word: вероломство
example: it was an example of his perfidy
definition: the state of being deceitful and untrustworthy.
antonyms: faithfulness|loyalty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːfɪdi
phonetics_text: ˈpəːfɪdi
synonyms:
treachery|duplicity|deceit|perfidiousness|deceitfulness|disloyalty|infidelity|faithlessness|unfaithfulness|betrayal|treason|falseness|falsity|double-dealing|dishonesty|two-facedness|untrustworthiness|breach of trust|false-heartedness|Punic faith

origin:
late 16th century: via French from Latin perfidia, from perfidus ‘treacherous’, based on per- ‘to ill effect’ + fides ‘faith’.


word: PERFOLIATE
russian_word: пронзеннолистный
origin: late 17th century: from modern Latin perfoliatus, from Latin per- ‘through’ + foliatus ‘leaved’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈfəʊlɪət
phonetics_text: pəˈfəʊlɪət
definition:
(of a stalkless leaf or bract) extended at the base to encircle the node, so that the stem apparently passes through it.


word: PERFORATE
russian_word: перфорировать
example: there is a very small risk of the scope perforating the colon
definition: pierce and make a hole or holes in.
synonyms: pierce|penetrate|enter|puncture|prick|bore through|riddle|hole|make/punch/put holes in
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from Latin perforat- ‘pierced through’, from the verb perforare, from per- ‘through’ + forare ‘pierce’.


word: PERFORCE
russian_word: волей-неволей
example: amateurs, perforce, have to settle for less expensive solutions
definition: used to express necessity or inevitability.
origin: Middle English: from Old French par force ‘by force’.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈfɔːs
phonetics_text: pəˈfɔːs
synonyms:
necessarily|of necessity|inevitably|unavoidably|by force of circumstances|needs must|nolens volens|like it or not


word: PERFORM
russian_word: выполнять
example: I have my duties to perform|the play has already been performed in Britain
antonyms: neglect|omit
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈfɔːm
phonetics_text: pəˈfɔːm
definition:
carry out, accomplish, or fulfil (an action, task, or function).|present (a form of entertainment) to an audience.

synonyms:
carry out|do|execute|discharge|bring about|bring off|accomplish|achieve|fulfil|complete|conduct|effect|dispatch|work|implement|pull off|acquit oneself of|effectuate

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French parfourmer, alteration (by association with forme ‘form’) of Old French parfournir, from par ‘through, to completion’ + fournir ‘furnish, provide’.


word: PERFORMANCE
russian_word: производительность
synonyms: show|production|showing|presentation|entertainment|staging|act|concert|recital|house|gig
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈfɔːm(ə)ns
phonetics_text: pəˈfɔːm(ə)ns
example:
Don Giovanni had its first performance in 1787|the continual performance of a single task reduces a man to the level of a machine

definition:
an act of presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment.|the action or process of performing a task or function.


word: PERFORMER
russian_word: исполнитель
example: a circus performer
definition: a person who entertains an audience.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈfɔːmə
phonetics_text: pəˈfɔːmə
synonyms:
actor|actress|thespian|artiste|artist|entertainer|trouper|star|superstar|executant|troupe|company|cast


word: PERFUME
russian_word: духи
example: I caught a whiff of her fresh lemony perfume
synonyms: scent|fragrance|eau de toilette|toilet water|eau de cologne|cologne|spray|aftershave
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəːfjuːm
phonetics_text: ˈpəːfjuːm
definition:
a fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils extracted from flowers and spices, used to give a pleasant smell to one's body.

origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting pleasant-smelling smoke from a burning substance, especially one used in fumigation): from French parfum (noun), parfumer (verb), from obsolete Italian parfumare, literally ‘to smoke through’.


word: PERFUNCTORY
russian_word: поверхностный
example: he gave a perfunctory nod
definition: (of an action) carried out without real interest, feeling, or effort.
antonyms: careful|thorough
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈfʌŋ(k)t(ə)ri
phonetics_text: pəˈfʌŋ(k)t(ə)ri
synonyms:
cursory|desultory|quick|brief|hasty|hurried|rapid|passing|fleeting|summary|token|casual|superficial|uninterested|careless|half-hearted|unthinking|sketchy|mechanical|automatic|routine|offhand|indifferent|inattentive|dismissive

origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin perfunctorius ‘careless’, from Latin perfunct- ‘done with, discharged’, from the verb perfungi .


word: PERFUSE
russian_word: обрызгивать
example: the yellow light is perfused with white
definition: permeate or suffuse with a liquid, colour, or quality.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈfjuːz
phonetics_text: pəˈfjuːz
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘cause to flow through or away’): from Latin perfus- ‘poured through’, from the verb perfundere, from per- ‘through’ + fundere ‘pour’.


word: PERFUSION
russian_word: перфузия
example: decreased cerebral perfusion may cause impaired consciousness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈfjuːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈfjuːʒ(ə)n
definition:
the passage of blood, a blood substitute, or other fluid through the blood vessels or other natural channels in an organ or tissue.


word: PERGOLA
russian_word: беседка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːɡələ
phonetics_text: ˈpəːɡələ
definition:
an arched structure in a garden or park consisting of a framework covered with climbing or trailing plants.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Italian, from Latin pergula ‘projecting roof’, from pergere ‘come or go forward’.


word: PERHAPS
russian_word: возможно
example: perhaps I should have been frank with him
definition: used to express uncertainty or possibility.
origin: late 15th century: from per + hap1.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈhaps
phonetics_text: pəˈhaps
synonyms:
maybe|for all I know|for all you know|it could be (that)|it may be (that)|it is possible (that)|possibly|conceivably|feasibly|happen|peradventure|perchance|mayhap|haply|percase


word: PERI
russian_word: пери
origin: from Persian perī .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪəri
phonetics_text: ˈpɪəri
definition:
(in Persian mythology) a mythical superhuman being, originally represented as evil but subsequently as a good or graceful genie or fairy.


word: PERIANTH
russian_word: околоцветник
definition: the outer part of a flower, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪanθ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪanθ
origin:
early 18th century: from French périanthe, from modern Latin perianthium, from Greek peri ‘around’ + anthos ‘flower’.


word: PERIAPT
russian_word: амулет
definition: an item worn as a charm or amulet.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪapt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪapt
origin:
late 16th century: from French périapte, from Greek periapton, from peri ‘around’ + haptein ‘fasten’.


word: PERIASTRON
russian_word: периастра
definition: the point nearest to a star in the path of a body orbiting that star.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈastrən
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈastrən
origin:
mid 19th century: from peri- ‘around’ + Greek astron ‘star’, on the pattern of perigee and perihelion .


word: PERICARDIUM
russian_word: перикард
origin: late Middle English: modern Latin, from Greek perikardion, from peri ‘around’ + kardia ‘heart’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈkɑːdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈkɑːdɪəm
definition:
the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.


word: PERICARP
russian_word: околоплодник
definition: the part of a fruit formed from the wall of the ripened ovary.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪkɑːp
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪkɑːp
origin:
late 17th century: from French péricarpe, from Greek perikarpion ‘pod, shell’, from peri- ‘around’ + karpos ‘fruit’.


word: PERICLASE
russian_word: периклаз
definition: a colourless mineral consisting of magnesium oxide, occurring chiefly in marble and limestone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪkleɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪkleɪz|ˈpɛrɪkleɪs
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin periclasia, erroneously from Greek peri ‘utterly’ + klasis ‘breaking’ (because it cleaves perfectly).


word: PERICLINAL
russian_word: переклинальный
definition: (of a cell wall) parallel to the surface of the meristem.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈklʌɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈklʌɪn(ə)l
origin:
late 19th century: from Greek periklinēs ‘sloping on all sides’, from peri- ‘around’ + klinēs ‘sloping’ (from the verb klinein ).


word: PERICOPE
russian_word: перикопа
example: a book of pericopes
definition: an extract from a text, especially a passage from the Bible.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɪkəpi
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪkəpi
origin:
mid 17th century: via late Latin from Greek perikopē ‘section’, from peri- ‘around’ + kopē ‘cutting’ (from koptein ‘to cut’).


word: PERICYCLIC
russian_word: перициклической
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈsʌɪklɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈsʌɪklɪk|ˌpɛrɪˈsɪklɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting a reaction that involves a concerted rearrangement of bonding in which all the bonds broken or formed in the reaction lie on a closed ring, whether or not a cyclic molecule is involved.|relating to a pericycle.


word: PERIDERM
russian_word: перидерма
origin: mid 19th century: from peri- ‘around’ + Greek derma ‘skin’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪdəːm
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪdəːm
definition:
the corky outer layer of a plant stem formed in secondary thickening or as a response to injury or infection.


word: PERIDOTITE
russian_word: перидотита
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪdɒtʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪdɒtʌɪt
definition:
a dense, coarse-grained plutonic rock containing a large amount of olivine, believed to be the main constituent of the earth's mantle.


word: PERIGEE
russian_word: перигей
definition: the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the earth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪdʒiː
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪdʒiː
origin:
late 16th century: from French périgée, via modern Latin from Greek perigeion ‘close round the earth’, from peri- ‘around’ + gē ‘earth’.


word: PERIGLACIAL
russian_word: перигляциальная
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈɡleɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈɡleɪʃ(ə)l|ˌpɛrɪˈɡsɪəleɪʃ(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting an area adjacent to a glacier or ice sheet or otherwise subject to repeated freezing and thawing.


word: PERIHELION
russian_word: перигелий
example: today Mercury is at perihelion
definition: the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the sun.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈhiːlɪən
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈhiːlɪən
origin:
mid 17th century: alteration of modern Latin perihelium (by substitution of the Greek inflection -on ), from Greek peri- ‘around’ + hēlios ‘sun’.


word: PERIL
russian_word: подвергать опасности
example: you could well place us both in peril
definition: serious and immediate danger.
antonyms: safety|security
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪl|ˈpɛr(ə)l
synonyms:
danger|jeopardy|risk|riskiness|hazard|insecurity|uncertainty|menace|threat|perilousness|pitfall|problem

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin peric(u)lum ‘danger’, from the base of experiri ‘to try’.


word: PERILOUS
russian_word: опасный
example: a perilous journey south
definition: full of danger or risk.
antonyms: safe|secure
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪləs
synonyms:
dangerous|fraught with danger|hazardous|risky|unsafe|treacherous|precarious|vulnerable|uncertain|insecure|critical|desperate|exposed|at risk|in jeopardy|in danger|touch-and-go|problematic|difficult|hairy|dicey|gnarly|parlous

origin:
Middle English: from Old French perillous, from Latin periculosus, from periculum ‘danger’ (see peril).


word: PERIMETER
russian_word: периметр
example: the perimeter of a rectangle
synonyms: circumference|outside|outer edge
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek perimetros, based on peri- ‘around’ + metron ‘measure’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɪmɪtə
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪmɪtə
definition:
the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometrical figure.|an instrument for measuring the extent and characteristics of a person's field of vision.


word: PERIOD
russian_word: период
example: he had long periods of depression|she's got her period
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪərɪəd
phonetics_text: ˈpɪərɪəd
definition:
a length or portion of time.|the interval of time between successive occurrences of the same state in an oscillatory or cyclic phenomenon, such as a mechanical vibration, an alternating current, a variable star, or an electromagnetic wave.|a flow of blood and other material from the lining of the uterus, occurring in non-pregnant women at intervals of about 28 days between puberty and the menopause and typically lasting for a few days.|a punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation; a full stop.|a set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table.|a complex sentence, especially one consisting of several clauses, constructed as part of a formal speech or oration.

synonyms:
time|spell|interval|stretch|term|span|phase|session|bout|run|space|duration|chapter|stage|while|patch

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the time during which something, especially a disease, runs its course): from Old French periode, via Latin from Greek periodos ‘orbit, recurrence, course’, from peri- ‘around’ + hodos ‘way, course’. The sense ‘portion of time’ dates from the early 17th century.


word: PERIODIC
russian_word: периодический
example: the periodic visits she made to her father
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk
definition:
appearing or occurring at intervals.|relating to the periodic table of the elements.|relating to a rhetorical period.

synonyms:
regular|periodical|at fixed intervals|recurrent|recurring|repeated|cyclical|cyclic|seasonal|occasional|infrequent|intermittent|sporadic|spasmodic|odd

origin:
mid 17th century: from French périodique, or via Latin from Greek periodikos ‘coming round at intervals’, from periodos (see period).


word: PERIODICAL
russian_word: журнал
definition: a magazine or newspaper published at regular intervals.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pɪərɪˈɒdɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: pɪərɪˈɒdɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
journal|publication|magazine|newspaper|paper|review|digest|gazette|newsletter|organ|serial|annual|quarterly|monthly|bimonthly|fortnightly|weekly|biweekly|mag|book|glossy


word: PERIODONTITIS
russian_word: периодонтит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪədɒnˈtʌɪtɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪədɒnˈtʌɪtɪs
definition:
inflammation of the tissue around the teeth, often causing shrinkage of the gums and loosening of the teeth.


word: PERIOSTEUM
russian_word: надкостница
origin: late 16th century: modern Latin, from Greek periosteon, from peri- ‘around’ + osteon ‘bone’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈɒstɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈɒstɪəm
definition:
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.


word: PERIPATETIC
russian_word: странствующий
example: the peripatetic nature of military life
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪpəˈtɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪpəˈtɛtɪk
definition:
travelling from place to place, in particular working or based in various places for relatively short periods.|Aristotelian.

synonyms:
nomadic|itinerant|travelling|wandering|roving|roaming|migrant|migratory|ambulatory|unsettled|vagabond|vagrant

origin:
late Middle English (denoting an Aristotelian philosopher): from Old French peripatetique, via Latin from Greek peripatētikos ‘walking up and down’, from the verb peripatein .


word: PERIPETEIA
russian_word: перипетия
example: the peripeteias of the drama
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪpɪˈtʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪpɪˈtʌɪə|ˌpɛrɪpɪˈtiːə
definition:
a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, especially in reference to fictional narrative.

origin:
late 16th century: from Greek peripeteia ‘sudden change’, from peri- ‘around’ + the stem of piptein ‘to fall’.


word: PERIPHERAL
russian_word: периферийный
example: the peripheral areas of Europe|a peripheral control processor
synonyms: outlying|outer|on the edge/outskirts|outermost|fringe|border|surrounding|circumferential|perimetric
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈrɪf(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪf(ə)r(ə)l
definition:
relating to or situated on the edge or periphery of something.|(of a device) able to be attached to and used with a computer, though not an integral part of it.


word: PERIPHERY
russian_word: периферия
example: new buildings on the periphery of the hospital site
definition: the outer limits or edge of an area or object.
antonyms: centre|middle|heart
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɪf(ə)ri
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪf(ə)ri
synonyms:
edge|outer edge|margin|fringe|boundary|border|perimeter|circumference|rim|verge|borderline|outskirts|outer limits/regions/reaches|bounds|bourn|marge|skirt|ambit

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a line that forms the boundary of something): via late Latin from Greek periphereia ‘circumference’, from peripherēs ‘revolving around’, from peri- ‘around’ + pherein ‘to bear’.


word: PERIPHRASIS
russian_word: перифраз
definition: the use of indirect and circumlocutory speech or writing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɪfrəsɪs
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪfrəsɪs
origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek, from periphrazein, from peri- ‘around’ + phrazein ‘declare’.


word: PERIPHRASTIC
russian_word: иносказательный
example: the periphrastic nature of legal syntax
definition: (of speech or writing) indirect and circumlocutory.
origin: early 19th century: from Greek periphrastikos, from periphrazein ‘declare in a roundabout way’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈfrastɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈfrastɪk
synonyms:
circumlocutory|circuitous|roundabout|indirect|tautological|prolix|verbose|wordy|long-winded|rambling|wandering|tortuous|diffuse|discursive|pleonastic|circumlocutionary|ambagious


word: PERIPHYTON
russian_word: перифитон
example: the tadpoles used in this experiment feed primarily on periphyton
origin: 1960s: from Greek peri- ‘around’ + phuton ‘plant’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɪfɪtɒn
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪfɪtɒn
definition:
freshwater organisms attached or clinging to plants and other objects projecting above the bottom sediments.


word: PERIPTERAL
russian_word: окруженный колоннами
origin: early 19th century: from Greek peripteron (from peri- ‘around’ + pteron ‘wing’) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈrɪpt(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈrɪpt(ə)r(ə)l
definition:
(of a building) having a single row of pillars on all sides in the style of the temples of ancient Greece.


word: PERIQUE
russian_word: перик
definition: a strong dark tobacco from Louisiana.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛˈriːk
phonetics_text: pɛˈriːk
origin:
late 19th century: Louisiana French, apparently from the nickname of Pierre Chenet, who first grew it.


word: PERISCOPE
russian_word: перископ
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪskəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪskəʊp
definition:
an apparatus consisting of a tube attached to a set of mirrors or prisms, by which an observer (typically in a submerged submarine or behind a high obstacle) can see things that are otherwise out of sight.


word: PERISH
russian_word: гибнуть
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪʃ
example:
a great part of his army perished of hunger and disease|an abandoned tyre whose rubber had perished|I was perished with cold before the end of the day

definition:
die, especially in a violent or sudden way.|(of rubber, food, etc.) lose its normal qualities; rot or decay.|be suffering from extreme cold.

synonyms:
die|lose one's life|be killed|fall|expire|meet one's death|be lost|lay down one's life|breathe one's last|draw one's last breath|pass away|go the way of all flesh|give up the ghost|go to glory|meet one's maker|go to one's last resting place|cross the great divide|bite the dust|kick the bucket|cash in one's chips|croak|flatline|turn up one's toes|shuffle off this mortal coil|go the way of the dinosaurs|conk out|buy it|snuff it|peg out|pop one's clogs|hop the twig/stick|bite the big one|buy the farm|check out|hand in one's dinner pail|go bung|exit|decease|depart this life

origin:
Middle English: from Old French periss-, lengthened stem of perir, from Latin perire ‘pass away’, from per- ‘through, completely’ + ire ‘go’.


word: PERISTALSIS
russian_word: перистальтика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪˈstalsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪˈstalsɪs
definition:
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek peristallein ‘wrap around’, from peri- ‘around’ + stallein ‘to place’.


word: PERISTOME
russian_word: перистом
origin: late 18th century: from modern Latin peristoma, from Greek peri- ‘around’ + stoma ‘mouth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪstəʊm
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪstəʊm
definition:
the parts surrounding the mouth of various invertebrates.|a fringe of small projections around the mouth of a capsule in mosses and certain fungi.


word: PERISTYLE
russian_word: перистиль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪstʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪstʌɪl
definition:
a row of columns surrounding a space within a building such as a court or internal garden or edging a veranda or porch.

origin:
early 17th century: from French péristyle, from Latin peristylum, from Greek peristulon, from peri- ‘around’ + stulos ‘pillar’.


word: PERITONEUM
russian_word: брюшина
definition: the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪtəˈniːəm
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪtəˈniːəm
origin:
late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek peritonaion, from peritonos ‘stretched round’, from peri- ‘around’ + -tonos ‘stretched’.


word: PERITONITIS
russian_word: перитонит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛrɪtəˈnʌɪtɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrɪtəˈnʌɪtɪs
definition:
inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ.


word: PERIWINKLE
russian_word: барвинок малый
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrɪwɪŋk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrɪwɪŋk(ə)l
definition:
an Old World plant with flat five-petalled, typically bluish flowers and glossy leaves. Some kinds are grown as ornamentals and some contain alkaloids used in medicine.

origin:
late Old English peruince, from late Latin pervinca, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-Norman French pervenke . The change of -v- to -w- and the addition of -le seem to have occurred before the appearance of periwinkle2.


word: PERJURE
russian_word: лжесвидетельствовать
example: she admitted that she had perjured herself
definition: wilfully tell an untruth or make a misrepresentation under oath; commit perjury.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːdʒə
phonetics_text: ˈpəːdʒə
synonyms:
lie under oath|lie|commit perjury|give false evidence/testimony|forswear oneself|be forsworn|bear false witness/testimony|swear falsely

origin:
late Middle English (as perjured in the sense ‘guilty of perjury’): from Old French parjurer, from Latin perjurare ‘swear falsely’, from per- ‘to ill effect’ + jurare ‘swear’.


word: PERJURY
russian_word: лжесвидетельство
example: he claimed two witnesses at his trial had committed perjury
definition: the offence of wilfully telling an untruth or making a misrepresentation under oath.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːdʒ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpəːdʒ(ə)ri
synonyms:
lying under oath|violation of an oath|forswearing oneself|making false statements|wilful falsehood|mendacity|mendaciousness

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French perjurie, from Latin perjurium ‘false oath’, from the verb perjurare (see perjure).


word: PERK
russian_word: воспрянуть духом
example: she'd been depressed, but she seemed to perk up last week
definition: become or make more cheerful, lively, or interesting.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəːk
phonetics_text: pəːk
synonyms:
cheer up|brighten (up)|become more cheerful|become livelier|feel happier|take heart|be heartened|liven up|revive|improve|get better|recover|rally|take a turn for the better|look up|pick up|bounce back|be on the mend|buck up|brighten up|make more cheerful/lively|make happier|raise someone's spirits|give someone heart|give someone a boost/lift|revitalize|invigorate|energize|enliven|ginger up|put new life/heart into|add some zest to|put some spark into|rejuvenate|refresh|vitalize|vivify|wake up|pep up|zhoosh (up)|inspirit

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘perch’ and ‘be lively’): perhaps from an Old French dialect variant of percher ‘to perch’.


word: PERKY
russian_word: веселый
example: she certainly looked less than her usual perky self
definition: cheerful and lively.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːki
phonetics_text: ˈpəːki
synonyms:
cheerful|lively|vivacious|animated|bubbly|effervescent|bouncy|bouncing|spirited|high-spirited|in high spirits|cheery|merry|buoyant|ebullient|exuberant|jaunty|frisky|sprightly|spry|bright|sunny|jolly|full of the joys of spring|sparkly|pert|full of beans|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|chirpy|chipper|sassy|saucy|peppy|gay|perk|as merry/lively as a grig|wick


word: PERLOCUTION
russian_word: перлокуции
origin: 1950s: from modern Latin perlocutio(n- ), from per- ‘throughout’ + locutio(n- ) ‘speaking’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəːləˈkjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpəːləˈkjuːʃ(ə)n
definition:
an act of speaking or writing which has an action as its aim but which in itself does not effect or constitute the action, for example persuading or convincing.


word: PERM
russian_word: химическая завивка
example: I had a perm on Friday
origin: 1920s: abbreviation of permanent.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəːm
phonetics_text: pəːm
definition:
a hairstyle produced by setting the hair in waves or curls and then treating it with chemicals so that the style lasts for several months.


word: PERMAFROST
russian_word: вечная мерзлота
example: hilly terrain underlain by permafrost
origin: 1940s: from permanent + frost.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːməfrɒst
phonetics_text: ˈpəːməfrɒst
definition:
a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains below freezing point throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions.


word: PERMALLOY
russian_word: пермаллой
origin: 1920s: from permeable + alloy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːməlɔɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpəːməlɔɪ
definition:
an alloy of nickel and iron that is easily magnetized and demagnetized, used in electrical equipment.


word: PERMANENCE
russian_word: постоянство
example: the clarity and permanence of the dyes
definition: the state or quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːmənəns
phonetics_text: ˈpəːmənəns
synonyms:
stability|durability|persistence|permanency|fixity|fixedness|changelessness|immutability|endurance|dependability|constancy|continuance|continuity|immortality|indestructibility|perpetuity|endlessness|lastingness|everlastingness|eternalness|eternality|perdurability|perenniality|imperishability|inalterability|unchangeableness|unchangeability

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin permanentia (perhaps via French), from permanent- ‘remaining to the end’, from the verb permanere .


word: PERMANENT
russian_word: постоянный
example: a permanent ban on the dumping of radioactive waste at sea
definition: lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely.
antonyms: temporary|fleeting|ephemeral
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpəːm(ə)nənt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːm(ə)nənt
synonyms:
lasting|enduring|indefinite|continuing|perpetual|everlasting|eternal|abiding|constant|persistent|irreparable|irreversible|lifelong|indissoluble|indelible|standing|perennial|unending|endless|never-ending|immutable|unchangeable|unalterable|invariable|unchanging|changeless|undying|imperishable|indestructible|ineradicable|perdurable|long-term|long-lasting|stable|fixed|established|sound|secure|solid|firm|durable

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin permanent- ‘remaining to the end’ (perhaps via Old French), from per- ‘through’ + manere ‘remain’.


word: PERMANENTLY
russian_word: постоянно
example: his lungs are permanently damaged
definition: in a way that lasts or remains unchanged indefinitely; for all time.
antonyms: temporarily
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpəːm(ə)nəntli
phonetics_text: ˈpəːm(ə)nəntli
synonyms:
for all time|forever|for good|for always|for good and all|for ever and ever|(for) evermore|in perpetuity|lastingly|indelibly|immutably|inalterably|invariably|until the end of time|everlastingly|enduringly|abidingly|forevermore|for keeps|until the cows come home|until hell freezes over|until doomsday|until kingdom come|for aye|continually|constantly|perpetually|perennially|always|ever|eternally|persistently


word: PERMANENT SET
russian_word: остаточная деформация
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an irreversible deformation that remains in a structure or material after it has been subjected to stress.


word: PERMANGANATE
russian_word: перманганат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈmaŋɡənət
phonetics_text: pəˈmaŋɡənət|pəˈmaŋɡəneɪt
definition:
a salt containing the anion MnO4−, typically deep purplish-red and with strong oxidizing properties.


word: PERMEABILITY
russian_word: проницаемость
example: the size of hole needed depends on the permeability of the soil
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːmɪəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: pəːmɪəˈbɪlɪti
definition:
the state or quality of being permeable.|a quantity measuring the influence of a substance on the magnetic flux in the region it occupies.


word: PERMEATE
russian_word: проникать
example: the aroma of soup permeated the air
definition: spread throughout (something); pervade.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːmɪeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːmɪeɪt
synonyms:
pervade|spread through|fill|filter through|diffuse through|imbue|penetrate|pass through|percolate through|perfuse|extend throughout|be disseminated through|flow through|charge|suffuse|run through|steep|impregnate|inform|infiltrate|soak through|seep through|saturate|leach through

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin permeat- ‘passed through’, from the verb permeare, from per- ‘through’ + meare ‘pass, go’.


word: PERMEATOR
russian_word: Мембранный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːmɪeɪtə
phonetics_text: pəːmɪeɪtə
definition:
a container divided into two by a semipermeable membrane, used in the large-scale removal of solutes from a liquid by reverse osmosis.


word: PERMIAN
russian_word: пермский
example: ten papers have been published describing Permian gastropods from this area
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpəːmɪən
phonetics_text: ˈpəːmɪən
definition:
relating to or denoting the last period of the Palaeozoic era, between the Carboniferous and Triassic periods.

origin:
late 16th century: from the name of the Russian province Perm, from the extensive development of such strata there.


word: PERMISSIBLE
russian_word: допустимый
example: it is permissible to edit and rephrase the statement
definition: permitted; allowed.
antonyms: forbidden|unacceptable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
permitted|allowable|allowed|acceptable|legal|lawful|legitimate|admissible|licit|authorized|sanctioned|within accepted bounds|tolerated|tolerable|proper|all right|in order|excusable|pardonable|venial|legit|OK

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin permissibilis, from permiss- ‘allowed’, from the verb permittere (see permit1).


word: PERMISSION
russian_word: разрешение
example: they had entered the country without permission
definition: the action of officially allowing someone to do a particular thing; consent or authorization.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin permissio(n- ), from the verb permittere ‘allow’ (see permit1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
authorization|consent|leave|authority|sanction|licence|dispensation|assent|acquiescence|agreement|approval|seal of approval|approbation|endorsement|blessing|imprimatur|clearance|acceptance|allowance|tolerance|sufferance|empowerment|freedom|liberty|the go-ahead|the thumbs up|the OK|the green light|say-so|permit


word: PERMISSIVE
russian_word: разрешающий
antonyms: intolerant|strict
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈmɪsɪv
phonetics_text: pəˈmɪsɪv
example:
a permissive parent|the Hague Convention was permissive, not mandatory|the mutants grow well at the permissive temperature

definition:
allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behaviour.|allowed but not obligatory; optional.|allowing a biological or biochemical process to occur.

synonyms:
liberal|broad-minded|open-minded|non-restrictive|free|free and easy|easy-going|live-and-let-live|latitudinarian|laissez-faire|libertarian|unprescriptive|unrestricted|tolerant|forbearing|indulgent|lenient|overindulgent|lax|soft

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘tolerated, allowed’): from Old French, or from medieval Latin permissivus, from permiss- ‘allowed’, from the verb permittere (see permit1).


word: PERMIT
russian_word: разрешение
example: the law permits councils to monitor any factory emitting smoke
definition: officially allow (someone) to do something.
antonyms: ban|forbid|prohibit
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
allow|let|authorize|sanction|grant|grant someone the right|license|empower|enable|entitle|qualify|consent to|assent to|give one's consent/assent to|give one's blessing to|give someone/something the nod|acquiesce in|agree to|accede to|approve of|tolerate|countenance|suffer|brook|admit of|legalize|legitimatize|legitimate|give the go-ahead to|give the thumbs up to|OK|give the OK to|give the green light to|say the word

phonetic:
late Middle English (originally in the sense ‘commit, hand over’): from Latin permittere, from per- ‘through’ + mittere ‘send, let go’.


word: PERMUTABLE
russian_word: взаимозаменяемый
definition: liable to change.|able to be changed or exchanged.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈmjuːtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈmjuːtəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin permutabilis ‘liable to change, changeable’, from permutare (see permute) + -able.


word: PERMUTATION
russian_word: перестановка
example: his thoughts raced ahead to fifty different permutations of what he must do
definition: each of several possible ways in which a set or number of things can be ordered or arranged.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːmjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəːmjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
arrangement|order|grouping|disposition|presentation|sorting|organization|combination|variation|transformation|transposition|perm

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘exchange, barter’): via Old French from Latin permutatio(n- ), from the verb permutare ‘change completely’ (see permute).


word: PERMUTE
russian_word: переставлять
example: we wish to permute the order of the bytes
definition: submit to a process of alteration, rearrangement, or permutation.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈmjuːt
phonetics_text: pəˈmjuːt
origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘interchange’): from Latin permutare ‘change completely’, from per- ‘through, completely’ + mutare ‘to change’.


word: PERNICIOUS
russian_word: пагубный
example: the pernicious influences of the mass media
definition: having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
antonyms: beneficial|benign|favourable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈnɪʃəs
phonetics_text: pəˈnɪʃəs
synonyms:
harmful|damaging|destructive|injurious|hurtful|detrimental|deleterious|dangerous|adverse|inimical|unhealthy|unfavourable|bad|evil|baleful|wicked|malign|malevolent|malignant|noxious|poisonous|cancerous|corrupting|ruinous|deadly|lethal|fatal|malefic|maleficent|pestilent|pestilential|baneful|pestiferous

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin perniciosus ‘destructive’, from pernicies ‘ruin’, based on nex, nec- ‘death’.


word: PERNICKETY
russian_word: привередливый
example: she's very pernickety about her food
definition: placing too much emphasis on trivial or minor details; fussy.
antonyms: easy-going|laid-back
origin: early 19th century (originally Scots): of unknown origin. Compare with persnickety.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈnɪkɪti
phonetics_text: pəˈnɪkɪti
synonyms:
fussy|difficult to please|difficult|finicky|over-fastidious|fastidious|over-particular|particular|faddish|finical|dainty|punctilious|hair-splitting|exacting|demanding|critical|overcritical|pass-remarkable|nitpicking|choosy|picky|faddy|persnickety|nice|overnice


word: PERONEAL
russian_word: малоберцовый
definition: relating to or situated in the outer side of the calf of the leg.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛrəˈniːəl
phonetics_text: ˌpɛrəˈniːəl
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin peronaeus ‘peroneal muscle’ (based on Greek peronē ‘pin, fibula’) + -al.


word: PERORATE
russian_word: разглагольствовать
example: he perorated against his colleague
definition: speak at length.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛrəreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrəreɪt
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin perorat- ‘spoken at length’, from the verb perorare, from per- ‘through’ + orare ‘speak’.


word: PERORATION
russian_word: заключительная часть речи
example: he again invoked the theme in an emotional peroration
definition: the concluding part of a speech, typically intended to inspire enthusiasm in the audience.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin peroratio(n- ), from perorare ‘speak at length’ (see perorate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛrəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɛrəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
closing remarks|conclusion|ending|close|final section|summation|summing-up|recapitulation|reiteration|recap|recapping


word: PEROXIDE
russian_word: перекись
definition: a compound containing two oxygen atoms bonded together in its molecule or as the anion O22−.
origin: early 19th century: from per- (sense 2) + oxide.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈrɒksʌɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈrɒksʌɪd
example:
the peptide neutralizes free radicals and peroxides, both of which can prevent cells from operating properly


word: PEROXISOME
russian_word: пероксисомы
origin: 1960s: from peroxide + -some3.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈrɒksɪsəʊm
phonetics_text: pəˈrɒksɪsəʊm
definition:
a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.


word: PERPENDICULAR
russian_word: перпендикуляр
synonyms: at right angles|at 90 degrees|square
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpəːp(ə)nˈdɪkjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˌpəːp(ə)nˈdɪkjʊlə
example:
dormers and gables that extend perpendicular to the main roofline|the handsome Perpendicular church of St Andrew

definition:
at an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface or to the ground.|denoting the latest stage of English Gothic church architecture, prevalent from the late 14th to mid 16th centuries and characterized by broad arches, elaborate fan vaulting, and large windows with vertical tracery.

origin:
late Middle English (as an adverb meaning ‘at right angles’): via Old French from Latin perpendicularis, from perpendiculum ‘plumb line’, from per- ‘through’ + pendere ‘to hang’.


word: PERPETRATE
russian_word: совершать
example: a crime has been perpetrated against a sovereign state
definition: carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːpɪtreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpɪtreɪt
synonyms:
commit|carry out|perform|execute|do|effect|bring about|be guilty of|be to blame for|be responsible for|accomplish|inflict|wreak|pull off|pull|effectuate

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin perpetrat- ‘performed’, from the verb perpetrare, from per- ‘to completion’ + patrare ‘bring about’. In Latin the act perpetrated might be good or bad; in English the verb was first used in the statutes referring to crime, hence the negative association.


word: PERPETUAL
russian_word: вечный
antonyms: transitory|temporary|intermittent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈpɛtʃʊəl
phonetics_text: pəˈpɛtʃʊəl
example:
deep caves in perpetual darkness|their perpetual money worries|he grows perpetual flowering carnations

definition:
never ending or changing.|occurring repeatedly; so frequent as to seem endless and uninterrupted.|(of a plant) blooming or fruiting several times in one season.

synonyms:
everlasting|never-ending|eternal|permanent|unending|endless|without end|lasting|long-lasting|constant|abiding|enduring|perennial|timeless|ageless|deathless|undying|immortal|unfailing|unchanging|never-changing|changeless|unvarying|unfading|invariable|immutable|indissoluble|indestructible|imperishable|sempiternal|perdurable|uninterrupted|continuous|unremitting|unceasing|persistent|unbroken

origin:
Middle English: from Old French perpetuel, from Latin perpetualis, from perpetuus ‘continuing throughout’, from perpes, perpet- ‘continuous’.


word: PERPETUATE
russian_word: увековечивать
example: the confusion was perpetuated through inadvertence
definition: make (something) continue indefinitely.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈpɛtʃʊeɪt
phonetics_text: pəˈpɛtʃʊeɪt
synonyms:
keep alive|keep going|keep in existence|preserve|conserve|sustain|maintain|continue|extend|carry on|keep up|cause to continue|prolong|immortalize|commemorate|memorialize|eternalize|eternize

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin perpetuat- ‘made permanent’, from the verb perpetuare, from perpetuus ‘continuing throughout’ (see perpetual).


word: PERPETUITY
russian_word: вечность
example: he did not believe in the perpetuity of military rule
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːpɪˈtjʃuːɪti
phonetics_text: pəːpɪˈtjʃuːɪti|pəːpɪˈtjuːɪti
definition:
the state or quality of lasting forever.|a bond or other security with no fixed maturity date.|a restriction making an interest in land inalienable perpetually or for a period beyond certain limits fixed by law.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French perpetuite, from Latin perpetuitas, from perpetuus ‘continuing throughout’ (see perpetual).


word: PERPLEX
russian_word: озадачивать
example: she was perplexed by her husband's moodiness
definition: make (someone) feel completely baffled.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈplɛks
phonetics_text: pəˈplɛks
synonyms:
puzzle|baffle|mystify|bemuse|bewilder|confound|confuse|nonplus|disconcert|dumbfound|throw|get|exercise|worry|befuddle|fuddle|addle|fog|flummox|be all Greek to|discombobulate|stump|bamboozle|floor|beat|faze|fox|wilder|distract|gravel|maze|pose|cause to be at a stand|puzzled|baffled|mystified|bemused|bewildered|confused|nonplussed|disconcerted|dumbfounded|worried|at a loss|at sea|befuddled|fuddled|addled|flummoxed|bamboozled|discombobulated|stumped|fazed|beaten|bushed|wildered|distracted|mazed|puzzling|baffling|mystifying|mysterious|bewildering|confusing|disconcerting|worrying|unaccountable|difficult to understand|inexplicable|impenetrable|unfathomable|paradoxical|peculiar|funny|strange|weird|odd|beyond one|complex|complicated|difficult|hard|taxing|knotty|thorny|ticklish|involved|intricate|convoluted|labyrinthine|Byzantine|spiny|mind-bending|wildering

origin:
late 15th century (as the adjective perplexed ): from the obsolete adjective perplex ‘bewildered’, from Latin perplexus ‘entangled’, based on plexus ‘interwoven’, from the verb plectere .


word: PERPLEXITY
russian_word: недоумение
example: she paused in perplexity|the dense perplexity of dwarf palm, garlanded creepers, glossy undergrowth
definition: inability to deal with or understand something.|an entangled state.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈplɛksɪti
phonetics_text: pəˈplɛksɪti
synonyms:
confusion|bewilderment|puzzlement|bafflement|incomprehension|lack of comprehension|mystification|bemusement|befuddlement|quandary|nonplus|bamboozlement|discombobulation|disconcertion|disconcertment

origin:
Middle English: from Old French perplexite or late Latin perplexitas, from Latin perplexus ‘entangled, confused’ (see perplex).


word: PERQUISITE
russian_word: приработок
example: the wife of a president has all the perquisites of stardom
definition: a benefit which one enjoys or is entitled to on account of one's job or position.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːkwɪzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːkwɪzɪt
synonyms:
perk|fringe benefit|additional benefit|benefit|advantage|bonus|dividend|extra|plus|premium|consideration|reward|lagniappe|freebie|golden hello|appanage

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin perquisitum ‘acquisition’, from Latin perquirere ‘search diligently for’, from per- ‘thoroughly’ + quaerere ‘seek’.


word: PERRON
russian_word: наружная лестница подъезда или крыльца
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘large stone’, from Latin petra ‘stone’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛrən
phonetics_text: ˈpɛrən
definition:
an exterior set of steps and a platform at the main entrance to a large building such as a church or mansion.


word: PERSECUTE
russian_word: преследовать
example: his followers were persecuted by the authorities
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːsɪkjuːt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːsɪkjuːt
definition:
subject (someone) to hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of their race or political or religious beliefs.

synonyms:
oppress|abuse|victimize|ill-treat|mistreat|maltreat|discriminate against|punish|inflict pain/suffering on|tyrannize|afflict|torment|torture|martyr

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French persecuter, from Latin persecut- ‘followed with hostility’, from the verb persequi, from per- ‘through, utterly’ + sequi ‘follow, pursue’.


word: PERSECUTION
russian_word: преследование
example: her family fled religious persecution
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːsɪˈkjuːʃn
phonetics_text: pəːsɪˈkjuːʃn
definition:
hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs; oppression.

synonyms:
oppression|victimization|maltreatment|ill treatment|mistreatment|abuse|ill usage|discrimination|tyranny|tyrannization|punishment|torment|torture|pogrom|witch hunt|red-baiting|harassment|hounding|harrying|badgering|teasing|bullying|molestation


word: PERSEVERANCE
russian_word: настойчивость
example: his perseverance with the technique illustrates his single-mindedness
definition: persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːsɪˈvɪər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: pəːsɪˈvɪər(ə)ns
synonyms:
persistence|tenacity|determination|resolve|resolution|resoluteness|staying power|purposefulness|firmness of purpose|patience|endurance|application|diligence|sedulousness|dedication|commitment|doggedness|pertinacity|assiduity|assiduousness|steadfastness|tirelessness|indefatigability|stamina|intransigence|obstinacy|Sitzfleisch|stickability|stick-to-it-iveness|continuance|perseveration

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin perseverantia, from perseverant- ‘abiding by strictly’, from the verb perseverare (see persevere).


word: PERSEVERE
russian_word: упорно продолжать
example: his family persevered with his treatment
antonyms: give up|stop|quit
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəːsɪˈvɪə
phonetics_text: pəːsɪˈvɪə
definition:
continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or with little or no indication of success.

synonyms:
persist|continue|carry on|go on|keep on|keep going|not give up|struggle on|hammer away|be persistent|be determined|see/follow something through|keep at it|show determination|press on/ahead|stay with something|not take no for an answer|be tenacious|be pertinacious|be patient|stand one's ground|stand fast/firm|hold on|hold out|go the distance|stay the course|plod on|plough on|grind away|stop at nothing|leave no stone unturned|soldier on|hang on|plug away|peg away|stick to one's guns|stick at it|stick it out|hang in there|bash on

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French perseverer, from Latin perseverare ‘abide by strictly’, from perseverus ‘very strict’, from per- ‘thoroughly’ + severus ‘severe’.


word: PERSIMMON
russian_word: хурма
origin: early 17th century: alteration of Algonquian pessemmins .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsɪmən
phonetics_text: pəˈsɪmən
definition:
an edible fruit that resembles a large tomato and has very sweet flesh.|the tree which yields the persimmon, related to ebony.


word: PERSIST
russian_word: сохраняться
example: the minority of drivers who persist in drinking
definition: continue in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.
antonyms: abandon|stop
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin persistere, from per- ‘through, steadfastly’ + sistere ‘to stand’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈsɪst
phonetics_text: pəˈsɪst
synonyms:
persevere|continue|carry on|go on|keep at it|keep on|keep going|keep it up|not give up|be persistent|be determined|see/follow something through|show determination|press on/ahead|plod on|plough on|stay with something|not take no for an answer|be tenacious|be pertinacious|insist|be patient|be diligent|stand one's ground|stand fast/firm|hold on|hold out|go the distance|stay the course|grind away|struggle on|hammer away|stop at nothing|leave no stone unturned|plug away|peg away|stick at it|soldier on|hang on|stick to one's guns|stick it out|hang in there|bash on


word: PERSISTENCE
russian_word: настойчивость
example: Cardiff's persistence was rewarded with a try
definition: the fact of continuing in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsɪst(ə)ns
phonetics_text: pəˈsɪst(ə)ns
synonyms:
perseverance|tenacity|determination|resolve|resolution|resoluteness|staying power|purposefulness|firmness of purpose|patience|endurance|application|diligence|sedulousness|dedication|commitment|doggedness|persistency|pertinacity|assiduity|assiduousness|steadfastness|tirelessness|indefatigability|stamina|intransigence|obstinacy|Sitzfleisch|stickability|stick-to-it-iveness|continuance|perseveration

origin:
mid 16th century: from French persistance, from the verb persister ; influenced in spelling by Latin persistent- ‘continuing steadfastly’.


word: PERSISTENT
russian_word: постоянный
example: an attempt to stop persistent drink-drivers|persistent rain will affect many areas
antonyms: irresolute
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈsɪst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: pəˈsɪst(ə)nt
definition:
continuing firmly or obstinately in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.|continuing to exist or occur over a prolonged period.|(of a part of an animal or plant, such as a horn, leaf, etc.) remaining attached instead of falling off in the normal manner.

synonyms:
tenacious|persevering|determined|resolute|purposeful|dogged|single-minded|tireless|indefatigable|pertinacious|patient|diligent|assiduous|sedulous|unflagging|untiring|unwavering|insistent|importunate|relentless|unrelenting|stubborn|intransigent|obstinate|obdurate


word: PERSNICKETY
russian_word: привередливый
example: she's very persnickety about her food
definition: placing too much emphasis on trivial or minor details; fussy.
antonyms: easy-going|laid-back
origin: late 19th century: alteration of pernickety.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈsnɪkɪti
phonetics_text: pəˈsnɪkɪti
synonyms:
fussy|difficult to please|difficult|finicky|over-fastidious|fastidious|over-particular|particular|faddish|finical|dainty|punctilious|hair-splitting|exacting|demanding|critical|overcritical|pass-remarkable|nitpicking|choosy|picky|faddy|pernickety|nice|overnice


word: PERSON
russian_word: человек
example: the porter was the last person to see her prior to her disappearance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)n
definition:
a human being regarded as an individual.|a category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms, according to whether they indicate the speaker ( first person ), the addressee ( second person ), or a third party ( third person ).|each of the three modes of being of God, namely the Father, the Son, or the Holy Ghost, who together constitute the Trinity.

synonyms:
human being|individual|man/woman|human|being|living soul|soul|mortal|creature|fellow|figure|personage|character|type|sort|beggar|cookie|customer|critter|bunny|fella|bloke|chap|bod|geezer|gent|guy|gal|dude|hombre|body|dog|cove|dame|wight|sod|bugger

origin:
Middle English: from Old French persone, from Latin persona ‘actor's mask, character in a play’, later ‘human being’.


word: PERSONABLE
russian_word: представительный
example: he was so personable and well-spoken
definition: (of a person) having a pleasant appearance and manner.
antonyms: unpleasant|disagreeable|unattractive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)nəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)nəb(ə)l
synonyms:
pleasant|agreeable|likeable|nice|amiable|affable|charming|congenial|genial|good-natured|engaging|pleasing|attractive|presentable|good-looking|nice-looking|pretty|appealing|couthy|bonny|canny|taking|comely


word: PERSONAGE
russian_word: персонаж
example: it was no less a personage than the bishop
definition: a person (used to express importance or elevated status).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)nɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)nɪdʒ
synonyms:
important person|VIP|luminary|celebrity|celebutante|personality|name|famous name|household name|public figure|star|mogul|leading light|dignitary|notable|notability|person of note|worthy|panjandrum|person|celeb|somebody|big shot|big noise|big gun|hotshot|big cheese|bigwig|big fish|nob|big wheel|kahuna|macher|high muckamuck|high muckety-muck

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, reinforced by medieval Latin personagium ‘effigy’. In early use the word was qualified by words such as honourable, eminent, but since the 19th century the notion ‘significant, notable’ has been implied in the word itself.


word: PERSONAL
russian_word: персональный
antonyms: public|general
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)l
example:
her personal fortune was recently estimated at £37 million|the book describes his sporting career and gives little information about his personal life|personal hygiene|he rejected the notion of a personal God

definition:
belonging to or affecting a particular person rather than anyone else.|of or concerning one's private life, relationships, and emotions rather than one's career or public life.|relating to a person's body.|of or denoting one of the three persons.|existing as a self-aware entity, not as an abstraction or an impersonal force.

synonyms:
distinctive|characteristic|unique|individual|one's own|particular|private|peculiar|exclusive|idiosyncratic|individualized|personalized|especial|direct|empirical|first-hand|immediate|experiential

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin personalis ‘of a person’, from persona (see person).


word: PERSONALITY
russian_word: личность
example: she had a sunny personality that was very engaging|an official opening by a famous personality
synonyms: character|nature|disposition|temperament|make-up|persona|psyche|identity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːsəˈnalɪti
phonetics_text: pəːsəˈnalɪti
definition:
the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character.|a celebrity or famous person.|the quality or fact of being a person as distinct from a thing or animal.|disparaging remarks about an individual.

origin:
late Middle English (in personality (sense 3)): from Old French personalite, from medieval Latin personalitas, from Latin personalis ‘of a person’ (see personal). personality (sense 1) dates from the late 18th century.


