# Dictionary_data_final

word: PURDAH
russian_word: затворничество женщин
example: he never required them to observe purdah
origin: early 19th century: from Urdu and Persian parda ‘veil, curtain’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːdə
phonetics_text: ˈpəːdə
definition:
the practice in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of screening women from men or strangers, especially by means of a curtain.


word: PURE
russian_word: чистый
antonyms: impure|adulterated
origin: Middle English: from Old French pur ‘pure’, from Latin purus .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pjʊə
phonetics_text: pjʊə
example:
cars can run on pure alcohol|these small cymbals produce a quiet but high pitched and very pure note|our fondness for each other is pure and innocent|a theoretical discipline such as pure physics|a shout of pure anger

definition:
not mixed or adulterated with any other substance or material.|(of a sound) perfectly in tune and with a clear tone.|wholesome and untainted by immorality, especially that of a sexual nature.|(of a subject of study) dealing with abstract concepts and not practical application.|involving or containing nothing else but; sheer (used for emphasis).|(of a vowel) not joined with another to form a diphthong.

synonyms:
unmixed|unalloyed|unadulterated|unblended|uncontaminated|sterling|solid|refined|one hundred per cent|100%|clarified|clear|filtered|distilled|processed|neat|straight|undiluted|flawless|perfect|genuine|authentic|real|actual|bona fide|veritable|true|pukka


word: PURELY
russian_word: чисто
definition: in a pure manner.|entirely; exclusively.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpjʊəli
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊəli
example:
act nobly, speak purely, and think charitably|the purpose of the meeting was purely to give information

synonyms:
entirely|completely|absolutely|totally|wholly|exclusively|uniquely|solely|only|simply|just|merely|no more than


word: PURGATION
russian_word: очищение
example: the purgation by ritual violence of morbid social emotions
definition: purification or cleansing.|evacuation of the bowels brought about by taking laxatives.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəːˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French purgacion, from Latin purgatio(n- ), from purgare ‘purify’ (see purge).


word: PURGATIVE
russian_word: слабительное
definition: strongly laxative in effect.
synonyms: laxative|aperient|lenitive|cathartic|evacuant|purging|eccoprotic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpəːɡətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpəːɡətɪv
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French purgatif, -ive, from late Latin purgativus, from purgat- ‘purified’, from the verb purgare (see purge).


word: PURGATORY
russian_word: чистилище
example: all her sins were forgiven and she would not need to go to Purgatory
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːɡət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpəːɡət(ə)ri
definition:
(in Catholic doctrine) a place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven.

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French purgatorie or medieval Latin purgatorium, neuter (used as a noun) of late Latin purgatorius ‘purifying’, from the verb purgare (see purge).


word: PURGE
russian_word: чистка
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pəːdʒ
phonetics_text: pəːdʒ
example:
Bob had helped purge Martha of the terrible guilt that had haunted her|he purged all but 26 of the central committee members|a substance designed to purge impurities from the body|he has a right to apply to the court to purge his contempt

definition:
rid (someone or something) of an unwanted quality, condition, or feeling.|remove (a group of people considered undesirable) from an organization or place in an abrupt or violent way.|physically remove or expel (something) completely.|atone for or wipe out (contempt of court).

synonyms:
remove|get rid of|clear out|sweep out|expel|eject|exclude|evict|dismiss|sack|oust|axe|depose|eradicate|root out|weed out|scour|defenestrate

origin:
Middle English (in the legal sense ‘clear oneself of a charge’): from Old French purgier, from Latin purgare ‘purify’, from purus ‘pure’.


word: PURGING
russian_word: продувка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːdʒɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpəːdʒɪŋ
example:
the purging of middle management in the recession was a seriously flawed strategy|purging of stem cell transplants may become routine to reduce contamination

definition:
the abrupt or violent removal of a group of people from an organization or place.|purification or cleansing.


word: PURI
russian_word: пури
origin: via Hindi from Sanskrit pūrikā .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpuːri
phonetics_text: ˈpuːri
definition:
(in Indian cooking) a small, round piece of bread made of unleavened wheat flour, deep-fried and served with meat or vegetables.


word: PURIFY
russian_word: очищать
example: the filtration plant is able to purify 70 tons of water a day
definition: remove contaminants from.
antonyms: pollute|contaminate
origin: Middle English: from Old French purifier, from Latin purificare, from purus ‘pure’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpjʊərɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
clean|make pure|refine|cleanse|decontaminate|filter|sieve|strain|sift|clarify|clear|freshen|deodorize|boil|distil|sanitize|disinfect|sterilize|pasteurize|fumigate|autoclave|liquate|rectify|depollute|filtrate


word: PURIM
russian_word: Пурим
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊərɪm
phonetics_text: ˈpʊərɪm|pʊˈriːm
definition:
a lesser Jewish festival held in spring (on the 14th or 15th day of Adar) to commemorate the defeat of Haman's plot to massacre the Jews as recorded in the book of Esther.

origin:
Hebrew, plural of pūr, explained in the book of Esther (3:7, 9:24) as meaning ‘lot’, with allusion to the casting of lots by Haman.


word: PURISM
russian_word: пуризм
example: Mrs Grundy's name is now synonymous with narrow linguistic purism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjʊərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərɪz(ə)m
definition:
scrupulous or exaggerated observance of or insistence on traditional rules or structures, especially in language or style.|an early 20th-century artistic style and movement founded by Le Corbusier and the French painter Amédée Ozenfant (1886–1966) and emphasizing purity of geometric form. It arose out of a rejection of cubism and was characterized by a return to the representation of recognizable objects.


word: PURIST
russian_word: пурист
example: the production has yet to offend Gilbert and Sullivan purists|Purist painters
origin: early 18th century: from French puriste, from pur ‘pure’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjʊərɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərɪst
definition:
a person who insists on absolute adherence to traditional rules or structures, especially in language or style.|an adherent of Purism.

synonyms:
pedant|precisionist|perfectionist|formalist|literalist|stickler|traditionalist|doctrinaire|quibbler|hair-splitter|dogmatist|casuist|sophist|fault-finder|caviller|carper|pettifogger|nitpicker|precisian|Dryasdust


word: PURITAN
russian_word: святоша
origin: late 16th century: from late Latin puritas ‘purity’ + -an.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpjʊərɪt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərɪt(ə)n
definition:
a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church under Elizabeth I as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.


word: PURITANICAL
russian_word: пуританский
example: his puritanical parents saw any kind of pleasure as the road to damnation
definition: having or displaying a very strict or censorious moral attitude towards self-indulgence or sex.
antonyms: permissive|broad-minded
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pjʊərɪˈtanɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: pjʊərɪˈtanɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
moralistic|pietistic|strait-laced|tight-laced|stuffy|starchy|prissy|prudish|puritan|prim|priggish|Victorian|schoolmarmish|schoolmistressy|old-maidish|narrow-minded|censorious|sententious|austere|severe|spartan|ascetic|hair-shirt|abstemious|goody-goody|Grundyish


word: PURITANISM
russian_word: пуританство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjʊərɪtənɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərɪtənɪz(ə)m
definition:
the beliefs or principles of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church under Elizabeth I as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.


word: PURITY
russian_word: чистота
example: the purity of our drinking water|white roses represent purity and innocence
definition: freedom from adulteration or contamination.|freedom from immorality, especially of a sexual nature.
antonyms: impurity|pollution
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjʊərɪti
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərɪti
synonyms:
cleanness|clearness|clarity|freshness|lack of pollution|untaintedness|wholesomeness|naturalness|healthiness|healthfulness|salubrity|sterility|salubriousness

origin:
Middle English: from Old French purete, later assimilated to late Latin puritas, from Latin purus ‘pure’.


word: PURL
russian_word: журчание
origin: late Middle English (as noun): of uncertain origin.
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
phonetic: pəːl
phonetics_text: pəːl
definition:
denoting or relating to a knitting stitch made by putting the needle through the front of the stitch from right to left.


word: PURLIEU
russian_word: излюбленное место прогулок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːljuː
phonetics_text: ˈpəːljuː
example:
the photogenic purlieus of Cambridge|they wished the purlieus to be completely free from the Forest law

definition:
the area near or surrounding a place.|a tract on the border of a forest, especially one earlier included in it and still partly subject to forest laws.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting a tract on the border of a forest): probably an alteration (suggested by French lieu ‘place’) of Anglo-Norman French puralee ‘a going round to settle the boundaries’.


word: PURLIN
russian_word: обрешетина
origin: late Middle English: perhaps of French origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːlɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpəːlɪn
definition:
a horizontal beam along the length of a roof, resting on principals and supporting the common rafters or boards.


word: PURLOIN
russian_word: похищать
example: he must have managed to purloin a copy of the key
definition: steal (something).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəːˈlɔɪn
phonetics_text: pəːˈlɔɪn
synonyms:
steal|thieve|take|take for oneself|help oneself to|loot|pilfer|abscond with|run off with|appropriate|abstract|carry off|shoplift|embezzle|misappropriate|walk off/away with|run away/off with|rob|swipe|nab|rip off|lift|liberate|filch|snaffle|snitch|souvenir|nick|pinch|half-inch|whip|knock off|nobble|bone|scrump|blag|heist|glom|snavel|clifty|tief|crib|hook|peculate|defalcate|walk|go walkies

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘put at a distance’): from Anglo-Norman French purloigner ‘put away’, from pur- ‘forth’ + loign ‘far’.


word: PURPLE
russian_word: фиолетовый
example: the painting was mostly in shades of blue and purple
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈpəːp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpəːp(ə)l
definition:
a colour intermediate between red and blue.|a crimson dye obtained from some molluscs, formerly used for fabric worn by an emperor or senior magistrate in ancient Rome or Byzantium.

origin:
Old English (describing the clothing of an emperor), alteration of purpre, from Latin purpura ‘purple’, from Greek porphura, denoting molluscs that yielded a crimson dye, also cloth dyed with this.


word: PURPORT
russian_word: иметь целью
example: she is not the person she purports to be
definition: appear to be or do something, especially falsely.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
claim|lay claim|profess|pretend|set oneself up (as)|appear|seem|be apparently|be ostensibly|pose as|impersonate|pass oneself off as|be disguised as|masquerade as|feign the identity of|pass for|represent oneself as|personate

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘express, signify’): from Old French purporter, from medieval Latin proportare, from Latin pro- ‘forth’ + portare ‘carry, bear’. The sense ‘appear to be’ dates from the late 18th century.


word: PURPOSE
russian_word: цель
origin: Middle English: from Old French porpos, from the verb porposer, variant of proposer (see propose).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəːpəs
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpəs
example:
the purpose of the meeting is to appoint a trustee|there was a new sense of purpose in her step as she set off

definition:
the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.|a person's sense of resolve or determination.

synonyms:
motive|motivation|grounds|cause|impetus|occasion|reason|point|basis|justification|intention|aim|object|objective|goal|end|plan|scheme|target|ambition|aspiration|desire|wish|hope|advantage|benefit|good|use|usefulness|value|merit|worth|gain|profit|avail|result|outcome|effect|mileage|percentage|behoof|boot|function|role|raison d'être


word: PURPOSEFUL
russian_word: целеустремленный
definition: having or showing determination or resolve.|having a useful purpose.|intentional.
antonyms: aimless|irresolute
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːpəsfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpəsfʊl|ˈpəːpəsf(ə)l
example:
the purposeful stride of a great barrister|purposeful activities|if his sudden death was not accidental, it must have been purposeful

synonyms:
determined|resolute|resolved|firm|steadfast|single-minded|enthusiastic|ambitious|enterprising|motivated|driven|committed|dedicated|persistent|persevering|tenacious|dogged|unfaltering|unwavering|unshakeable


word: PURPOSEFULLY
russian_word: целенаправленно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpəːpəsfʊli
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpəsfʊli|ˈpəːpəsf(ə)li
example:
Rachael takes the lead, striding purposefully towards the door|how is it possible to share information effectively and purposefully with project partners?|we purposefully avoided addressing the problem

definition:
in a way that shows determination or resolve.|with a useful purpose.|intentionally and deliberately.


word: PURPOSELY
russian_word: намеренно
example: she had purposely made it difficult
definition: on purpose; intentionally.
antonyms: accidentally
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpəːpəsli
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpəsli
synonyms:
deliberately|intentionally|on purpose|by design|wilfully|calculatedly|premeditatedly|wittingly|knowingly|consciously|in cold blood|of one's own volition|expressly|explicitly|specifically|especially|specially|just|with malice aforethought|purposefully


word: PURPURE
russian_word: пурпурный цвет
definition: purple, as a heraldic tincture.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːpjʊə
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpjʊə
origin:
Old English (in the sense ‘purple garment’), from Latin purpura (see purpura), reinforced by Old French purpre and influenced by words ending in -ure .


word: PURPURIN
russian_word: пурпурин
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin purpura ‘purple’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːpjʊrɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpəːpjʊrɪn
definition:
a red dye originally extracted from madder and also prepared artificially by the oxidation of alizarin.


word: PURSE
russian_word: кошелек
example: she had enough in her purse for bus fare|a young woman with a purse hanging from her elbow
definition: a small pouch of leather or plastic used for carrying money, typically by a woman.|a handbag.
synonyms: wallet|pouch|money bag|change purse|pocketbook
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəːs
phonetics_text: pəːs
origin:
late Old English, alteration of late Latin bursa ‘purse’, from Greek bursa ‘hide, leather’. The current verb sense (from the notion of drawing purse strings) dates from the early 17th century.


word: PURSLANE
russian_word: портулак
definition: any of a number of small, typically fleshy-leaved plants which grow in damp or marshy habitats.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːslən
phonetics_text: ˈpəːslən
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French porcelaine, probably from Latin porcil(l)aca, variant of portulaca, influenced by French porcelaine ‘porcelain’.


word: PURSUANCE
russian_word: исполнение
example: you have a right to use public areas in the pursuance of your lawful hobby
definition: engagement in an activity or course of action.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsjuːəns
phonetics_text: pəˈsjuːəns
synonyms:
execution|discharge|implementation|performance|carrying out|conducting|conduct|effecting|doing|accomplishment|achievement|completion|fulfilment|dispatch|pursuing|prosecution|enforcement|following


word: PURSUANT
russian_word: в соответствии
example: the local authority applied for care orders pursuant to section 31 of the Children Act 1989
definition: in accordance with (a law or a legal document or resolution).
part_of_speech: adverb|adjective
phonetic: pəˈsjuːənt
phonetics_text: pəˈsjuːənt
origin:
late Middle English poursuiant (as a noun in the sense ‘prosecutor’): from Old French, ‘pursuing’, from the verb poursuir ; later influenced in spelling by pursue.


word: PURSUE
russian_word: преследовать
example: the officer pursued the van|the road pursued a straight course over the scrubland
definition: follow or chase (someone or something).|continue or proceed along (a path or route).
antonyms: avoid|flee
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈsjuː
phonetics_text: pəˈsjuː
synonyms:
go after|run after|follow|chase|give chase to|hunt|stalk|track|trail|trace|shadow|dog|hound|course|tail

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘follow with enmity’): from Anglo-Norman French pursuer, from an alteration of Latin prosequi ‘prosecute’.


word: PURSUIT
russian_word: погоня
example: the cat crouched in the grass in pursuit of a bird|a whole range of leisure pursuits
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsjuːt
phonetics_text: pəˈsjuːt
definition:
the action of pursuing someone or something.|an activity of a specified kind, especially a recreational or sporting one.

synonyms:
chasing|pursuing|stalking|tracking|trailing|shadowing|dogging|hounding|chase after|hunt for|tailing|striving towards|push towards|aspiration for|quest after/for|search for|aim of|goal of|objective of|dream of

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French purseute ‘following after’, from pursuer (see pursue). Early senses included ‘persecution, annoyance’ and in legal contexts ‘petition, prosecution’.


word: PURSUIVANT
russian_word: последователь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːsɪv(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːsɪv(ə)nt
definition:
an officer of the College of Arms ranking below a herald. The four ordinary pursuivants are Rouge Croix, Bluemantle, Rouge Dragon, and Portcullis.|a follower or attendant.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a junior heraldic officer): from Old French pursivant, present participle (used as a noun) of pursivre ‘follow after’.


word: PURSY
russian_word: сморщенный
definition: (especially of a horse) short of breath; asthmatic.|(of a person) fat.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːsi
phonetics_text: ˈpəːsi
origin:
late Middle English: reduction of Anglo-Norman French porsif, alteration of Old French polsif, from polser ‘breathe with difficulty’, from Latin pulsare ‘set in violent motion’.


word: PURVEY
russian_word: снабжать
example: shops purveying cooked food
definition: provide or supply (food, drink, or other goods) as one's business.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈveɪ
phonetics_text: pəˈveɪ
synonyms:
sell|supply|provide|furnish|cater|retail|deal in|trade|carry|handle|stock|offer|auction|have for sale|put on the market|peddle|hawk|tout|traffic in|flog|pass on|transmit|broadcast|disseminate|spread|put round|put about|circulate|communicate|make known|publicize|publish|make available

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French purveier, from Latin providere ‘foresee, attend to’ (see provide). Early senses included ‘foresee’, ‘attend to in advance’, and ‘equip’.


word: PURVEYANCE
russian_word: провиант
definition: the action of purveying something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈveɪəns
phonetics_text: pəˈveɪəns
origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘foresight’ and ‘prearrangement’): from Old French porveance, from Latin providentia ‘foresight’ (see providence).


word: PURVIEW
russian_word: компетенция
example: such a case might be within the purview of the legislation
definition: the scope of the influence or concerns of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːvjuː
phonetics_text: ˈpəːvjuː
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French purveu ‘foreseen’, past participle of purveier (see purvey). Early use was as a legal term specifying the body of a statute following the words ‘be it enacted …’.


word: PUS
russian_word: гной
synonyms: matter|suppuration|discharge|secretion|sanies
origin: late Middle English: from Latin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌs
phonetics_text: pʌs
definition:
a thick yellowish or greenish opaque liquid produced in infected tissue, consisting of dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue debris and serum.


word: PUSH
russian_word: толчок
antonyms: pull
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pʊʃ
phonetics_text: pʊʃ
example:
she pushed her glass towards him|she pushed her way through the crowded streets|she believed he was pushing their daughter too hard|the company has been pushing a document management system|some films can be pushed during processing

definition:
exert force on (someone or something) in order to move them away from oneself.|move forward by using force to pass people or cause them to move aside.|compel or urge (someone) to do something, especially to work hard.|promote the use, sale, or acceptance of.|prepare (a stack) to receive a piece of data on the top.|develop (a film) so as to compensate for deliberate underexposure.

synonyms:
shove|thrust|propel|impel|send|press|drive|plunge|stick|force|shoot|ram|bump|knock|strike|hit|jolt|butt|prod|poke|nudge|elbow|shoulder|bulldoze|sweep|jostle|bundle|hustle|hurry|rush|manhandle

origin:
Middle English (as a verb): from Old French pousser, from Latin pulsare ‘to push, beat, pulse’ (see pulse1). The early sense was ‘exert force on’, giving rise later to ‘make a strenuous effort, endeavour’.


word: PUSH AROUND
russian_word: помыкать
example: he was annoyed by their arrogance in thinking they could push him around whenever they wished
definition: treat someone roughly or inconsiderately.
synonyms:
bully|domineer|boss about|boss around|ride roughshod over|trample on|tread on|bulldoze|abuse|mistreat|maltreat|kick about|kick around|browbeat|lean on|tyrannize|intimidate|threaten|torment|terrorize|victimize|pick on


word: PUSH OFF
russian_word: отталкивать
example: we pushed off and rowed out into midstream|I was here first, go on, push off!
antonyms: stay|remain
definition:
use an oar, boathook, etc. to exert pressure so as to move a boat out from shore or away from another vessel.|go away.

synonyms:
go away|depart|leave|take oneself off|take off|get out|get out of my sight|go|go your way|get going|get moving|be off|take your leave|decamp|absent yourself|be off with you|shoo|hit the road|fly|skedaddle|split|vamoose|scat|scram|make yourself scarce|be on your way|run along|beat it|get|get lost|shove off|buzz off|clear off|skip off|pop off|go (and) jump in the lake|on your bike|go and chase yourself|get stuffed|sling your hook|hop it|bog off|naff off|bug off|light out|haul off|haul ass|take a powder|hit the trail|take a hike|rack off|nick off|voetsak|hamba|begone|avaunt|piss off|fuck off|sod off|bugger off


word: PUSH ON
russian_word: продвигаться вперед
example: the light was already fading, but she pushed on
definition: continue on a journey.
synonyms:
continue one's journey|continue on one's way|carry on|advance|press on|progress|make progress|proceed|go on|make headway|gain ground|push forward|go/forge ahead|resume one's journey|start off again


word: PUSHOVER
russian_word: пустяковое дело
example: Colonel Moore was benevolent but no pushover
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊʃəʊvə
phonetics_text: ˈpʊʃəʊvə
definition:
a person who is easy to overcome or influence.|a try in which one side in a scrum pushes the ball over the opponents' goal line.

synonyms:
weakling|feeble opponent|unworthy opponent|man of straw|easy meat|easy game|soft/easy touch|easy mark


word: PUSHY
russian_word: напористый
example: a pushy salesperson
definition: excessively or unpleasantly self-assertive or ambitious.
antonyms: retiring
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʊʃi
phonetics_text: ˈpʊʃi
synonyms:
assertive|thrusting|pushing|ambitious|driven|aggressive|forceful|forward|obtrusive|bold|brash|bumptious|arrogant|officious|bossy|presumptuous|full of oneself|self-assertive|overbearing|domineering|confident|overconfident|cocksure|loud|obnoxious|offensive|cocky|badass|pushful


word: PUSILLANIMITY
russian_word: малодушие
example: the pusillanimity of his answer surprised me
definition: lack of courage or determination; timidity.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpjuːsɪləˈnɪmɪti
phonetics_text: ˌpjuːsɪləˈnɪmɪti
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin pusillanimitas, from pusillanimis (translating Greek oligopsukhos ), from pusillus ‘very small’ + animus ‘mind’, + -ity.


word: PUSILLANIMOUS
russian_word: малодушный
definition: showing a lack of courage or determination; timid.
antonyms: brave|fearless|plucky
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpjuːsɪˈlanɪməs
phonetics_text: ˌpjuːsɪˈlanɪməs
synonyms:
cowardly|timorous|timid|fearful|faint-hearted|lily-livered|chicken-hearted|pigeon-hearted|spineless|craven|base|shrinking|trembling|quaking|cowering|weak-kneed|wimpish|sissy|yellow|yellow-bellied|chicken|gutless|poor-spirited|recreant

origin:
late Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin pusillanimis (translating Greek oligopsukhos ), from pusillus ‘very small’ + animus ‘mind’, + -ous.


word: PUSS
russian_word: киска
definition: an affectionate term for a cat.|a playful or coquettish girl or young woman.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʊs
phonetics_text: pʊs
example:
dangly baubles can be too tantalizing for even the best behaved pusses|you are an impudent puss, Miss Alice

origin:
early 16th century: probably from Middle Low German pūs (also pūskatte ) or Dutch poes, of unknown origin.


word: PUSSYFOOT
russian_word: действовать осторожно
example: I realized I could no longer pussyfoot around
definition: act in a cautious or non-committal way.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʊsɪfʊt
phonetics_text: ˈpʊsɪfʊt
synonyms:
equivocate|be evasive|be non-committal|prevaricate|quibble|parry questions|hedge|fence|vacillate|shuffle about|beat about the bush|hum and haw|duck the question|sit on the fence|shilly-shally|blow hot and cold|tergiversate


word: PUSTULATE
russian_word: покрываться прыщами
example: these lesions may pustulate and ulcerate
definition: form into pustules.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from late Latin pustulatus, past participle of pustulare ‘to blister’, from pustula ‘pustule’.


word: PUSTULE
russian_word: пустула
definition: a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pustula .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌstjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈpʌstjuːl
synonyms:
pimple|spot|blackhead|boil|swelling|eruption|carbuncle|wen|cyst|abscess|blister|plook|whitehead|zit|comedo|papule|bleb|blain|whelk


word: PUT
russian_word: ставить
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pʊt
phonetics_text: pʊt
example:
I put my hand out towards her|they tried to put me at ease|she set a women's record by putting the shot 56' 7"

definition:
move to or place in a particular position.|bring into a particular state or condition.|throw (a shot or weight) as an athletic sport.|(of a river) flow in a particular direction.

synonyms:
place|set|put down|set down|lay|lay down|deposit|situate|position|settle|leave|stow|prop|lean|plant|pose|stick|dump|bung|park|plonk|pop|plunk|posit

origin:
Old English (recorded only in the verbal noun putung ), of unknown origin; compare with dialect pote ‘to push, thrust’ (an early sense of the verb put ).


word: PUT ACROSS
russian_word: переправлять
example: our group must put across its views and gain popular support
definition: communicate something effectively.
synonyms:
communicate|get across/over|convey|explain|make clear|make understood|express|spell out|clarify|get through to someone


word: PUT AN END TO
russian_word: пресекать
example: injury put an end to his career
definition: cause (someone or something) to stop existing or die.
antonyms: retain|create
synonyms:
destroy|kill|bring to an end|be the end of|end|extinguish|dash|quell|quash|ruin|wreck|shatter|smash|crush|scotch|stop|block|frustrate|thwart|put a stop to|prevent|defeat|derail|put paid to|do for|put the lid on|put the kibosh on|stymie|queer|scupper|dish|abolish|do away with|get rid of|scrap|terminate|eradicate|eliminate|exterminate|annihilate|stamp out|obliterate|wipe out|expunge|extirpate|annul|cancel|invalidate|nullify|void|dissolve|erase|delete|rescind|repeal|revoke|overturn|discontinue|remove|withdraw|retract|countermand|excise|drop|jettison|vitiate|abrogate|axe|ditch|junk|scrub|dump|chop|give something the chop|knock something on the head|deracinate


word: PUT ASIDE
russian_word: отложить
example: we have a little bit put aside in the bank|the rival firms put aside their differences
definition:
save money for future use.|forget or disregard something, typically a feeling or a past difference of opinion.

synonyms:
save|put/lay by|put away|set/lay aside|put to one side|deposit|reserve|keep in reserve|keep|store|stockpile|hoard|stow away|cache|salt away|squirrel away|stash away


word: PUTATIVE
russian_word: предполагаемый
example: the putative author of the book
definition: generally considered or reputed to be.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjuːtətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːtətɪv
synonyms:
supposed|assumed|presumed|acknowledged|accepted|recognized|commonly believed|commonly regarded|presumptive|alleged|reputed|reported|rumoured|reputative

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French putatif, -ive or late Latin putativus, from Latin putat- ‘thought’, from the verb putare .


word: PUT AWAY
russian_word: убирать
example:
the decorations were boxed up and put away for next year|did you see how much food he put away?|Dutton put away the ball for his first goal of the season|he deserves to be put away forever

definition:
store something in an appropriate or usual place.|consume food or drink in large quantities.|(in sport) dispatch or score a goal or shot.|confine someone in a prison or psychiatric hospital.

synonyms:
save|put aside|put/lay by|set/lay aside|put to one side|reserve|keep in reserve|deposit|keep|store|stockpile|hoard|stow away|cache|salt away|squirrel away|stash away


word: PUT DOWN
russian_word: унижать
example:
Harry put down his cup|he's putting a few thoughts down on paper|the security forces put down a coup attempt in the capital|he put his name down to stand for the Green party|his achievement was put down to luck|he put a thousand down and paid the rest over six months|the horse's condition deteriorated and he was put down|he put me down in front of my own employees|I put down twelve quarts of pickles|the pilot had to put down in a field|she went off very quickly when I put her down

definition:
stop holding something and place it on a surface or the ground.|record something in writing.|suppress a rebellion, coup, or riot by force.|enter someone's name on a list as wishing to do, join, or subscribe to something.|consider someone or something to be of a particular type or to have a particular cause.|pay a specified sum as a deposit.|kill an animal because it is sick, injured, or old.|criticize someone.|preserve or store food or wine for future use.|land an aircraft.|lay a baby down to sleep.

synonyms:
write down|put in writing|note down|make a note of|jot down|take down|set down|put in black and white|list|record|register|log|enter


word: PUT FORWARD
russian_word: выдвигать
example: he put me forward as head of publicity|the authority put forward positive proposals
definition:
recommend someone as a suitable candidate for a job or position.|submit a plan, proposal, or theory for consideration.

synonyms:
propose|offer|advance|submit|present|tender|move|introduce|proffer|set forth|suggest|nominate|put up|name|recommend|table


word: PUT IN
russian_word: претендовать
synonyms: submit|present|make|file|enter|lodge
example:
'I was actually wondering the same thing', he put in sincerely|they put in at Cuba to refit|he was put in to rescue the company by the stockbrokers|the airport had put in a claim for damages|employed mothers put in the longest hours of all women|the government are unwilling to put more money into training|it was no use trying to put herself in his place

definition:
interrupt in a conversation or discussion.|(of a ship) enter a port.|appoint someone to fulfil a particular role or job.|present or submit something formally.|devote time or effort to something.|invest money or resources in.|imagine oneself in a particular situation.


word: PUT OFF
russian_word: откладывать
definition: postpone something.|cause someone to lose interest or enthusiasm.|distract someone.
example:
they can't put off a decision much longer|she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of night shifts put her off|don't put me off—I'm trying to concentrate

synonyms:
postpone|defer|delay|put back|adjourn|hold over|reschedule|shelve|table|put over|lay on the table|take a rain check on|put on ice|put on the back burner


word: PUT ON
russian_word: налагать
example:
Julie had put on a cotton dress|shall I put the light on?|the museum is putting on an exhibition of Monet's paintings|she's given up her diet and put on 20 lb|he put on a lugubrious look|he put £1,000 on the horse to win|commentators put some of the blame on Congress|I was only putting you on|put dad on, I want to talk to him

definition:
place a garment, piece of jewellery, etc. on part of one's body.|cause a device to operate.|organize or present a play, exhibition, or event.|increase in body weight by a specified amount.|assume a particular expression, accent, etc.|bet a specified amount of money on the outcome of a future event, such as a race or game.|cause someone or something to be subject to something unwelcome or unpleasant.|tease or playfully deceive someone.|give someone a phone so that they can talk to the person on the line.

synonyms:
get dressed in|dress in|don|clothe oneself in|pull on|climb into|fling on|throw on|pour oneself into|slip into|change into|rig oneself out in|tog oneself up/out in|doll oneself up in


word: PUT OUT
russian_word: тушить
synonyms: extinguish|quench|douse|stamp out|smother|beat out|blow out|snuff out|dout
example:
fire crews from Grangetown put out the blaze|she put out glasses and paper napkins|the police put out a bulletin|would it put you out too much to let her visit you for a couple of hours?|they had a great chance to put France out of the World Cup in the closing minutes|the injection will put you out for ten minutes|she stepped into the boat and put out to sea|she fell off her horse and put her shoulder out|a big agency might put the work out to an independent merchandizing company|the non-turbo is expected to put out about 250 bhp

definition:
extinguish something that is burning.|lay something out ready for use.|issue, release, or broadcast a product or message.|cause someone trouble or inconvenience.|(in sport) defeat a player or team and so eliminate them from a competition.|make someone unconscious by means of drugs or an anaesthetic.|(of a ship) leave a port or harbour.|dislocate a joint.|(of a company) allocate work to a contractor or freelancer to be done off the premises.|(of an engine or motor) produce a particular amount of power.|agree to have sex with someone.


word: PUT OVER
russian_word: производить впечатление
definition: communicate something effectively.|postpone something.
example:
we wanted to put over the idea that the developers are interested in talking to the community|let's put the case over for a few weeks


word: PUTREFACTION
russian_word: гниение
example: the breeze shifted and we caught the stench of putrefaction
definition: the process of decay or rotting in a body or other organic matter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpjuːtrɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpjuːtrɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin putrefactio(n- ), from putrefacere ‘make rotten’ (see putrefy).


word: PUTREFY
russian_word: разлагаться
example: the body was beginning to putrefy
definition: (of a body or other organic matter) decay or rot and produce a fetid smell.
origin: late Middle English: via French from Latin putrefacere, from puter, putr- ‘rotten’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpjuːtrɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːtrɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
decay|rot|decompose|go bad|go off|perish|spoil|deteriorate|fester|moulder|gangrene|mortify|necrose|sphacelate


word: PUTRESCENT
russian_word: гнилостный
example: the odour of putrescent flesh
definition: undergoing the process of decay; rotting.
synonyms: decaying|rotting|putrefying|decomposing|festering|going bad|going off|putrefactive|putrefacient
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pjuːˈtrɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: pjuːˈtrɛs(ə)nt
origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin putrescent- ‘beginning to go rotten’, inceptive of putrere ‘to rot’ (see putrid).


word: PUTRID
russian_word: гнилой
example: a butcher who sold putrid meat|the cocktail is a putrid pink colour
definition: (of organic matter) decaying or rotting and emitting a fetid smell.|very unpleasant; repulsive.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin putridus, from putrere ‘to rot’, from puter, putr- ‘rotten’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjuːtrɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːtrɪd
synonyms:
decomposing|decomposed|decaying|decayed|rotting|rotten|bad|off|putrefied|putrescent|rancid|mouldy|spoilt|foul|fetid|stinking|rank|putrefacient|putrefactive|olid


word: PUTTER
russian_word: короткая клюшка
example: you'll need to be a good putter to break par
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌtə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌtə
definition:
a golf club designed for use in putting, typically with a flat-faced head.|a golfer considered in terms of putting ability.


word: PUT TO
russian_word: запрячь
synonyms: submit|present|tender|offer|proffer|advance|suggest|propose|set before|lay before
example:
we are making a takeover bid and putting an offer to the shareholders|they put the land to productive use|I don't want to put you to any trouble|he put the stallion to the mare Grove Chance

definition:
submit something to someone for consideration or attention.|devote something to a particular use or purpose.|cause inconvenience or difficulty to someone.|couple an animal with another of the opposite sex for breeding.


word: PUT TOGETHER
russian_word: соединять
example: he can take a clock apart and put it back together again
definition: make something by assembling different parts or people.
synonyms:
assemble|compile|make up|collate|compose|marshal|organize|arrange|sort out|systematize|systemize|anthologize|gather|collect|accumulate|amass


word: PUTTY
russian_word: шпатлевка
example: countersink the screws so they can be covered with putty
origin: mid 17th century: from French potée, literally ‘potful’, from pot ‘pot’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌti
phonetics_text: ˈpʌti
definition:
a soft, malleable greyish-yellow paste, made from ground chalk and raw linseed oil, that hardens after a few hours and is used for sealing glass in window frames and filling holes in wood.|a polishing powder, usually made from tin oxide, used in jewellery work.


word: PUT UP
russian_word: терпеть
synonyms: build|construct|erect|raise|set up
example:
I put up the tent and cooked a meal|she put up a sign advertising the guest house|I'm afraid I've got to put your rent up|the sponsors are putting up £5,000 for the event|he put up a brave fight|the mill was closed and put up for sale|we're going to put him up for a few days|the party had put up a candidate in each constituency|the dog almost immediately put up a pheasant|he put up his sword and gave the body a kick

definition:
construct or erect something.|display a notice, sign, or poster.|increase the cost of something.|provide money as backing for an enterprise.|offer or show a particular degree of resistance, effort, or skill in a fight or competitive situation.|offer something for sale or auction.|accommodate someone temporarily.|propose someone for election or adoption.|cause game to rise from cover.|return a sword to its sheath.


word: PUT UP WITH
russian_word: мириться
example: I'm too tired to put up with any nonsense
definition: tolerate or endure something.
synonyms:
tolerate|take|stand (for)|accept|stomach|swallow|endure|bear|brook|support|submit to|take something lying down|stick|abide|lump it|wear|be doing with|suffer


word: PUZZLE
russian_word: головоломка
example: she was puzzled by the doctor's manner
definition: cause (someone) to feel confused because they cannot understand something.
antonyms: clear|straightforward|comprehensible
origin: late 16th century (as a verb): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpʌz(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpʌz(ə)l
synonyms:
perplex|confuse|bewilder|bemuse|baffle|mystify|confound|nonplus|throw|set someone thinking|flummox|discombobulate|faze|stump|beat|fog|wilder|gravel|maze|pose|obfuscate|perplexed|confused|bewildered|bemused|baffled|mystified|confounded|nonplussed|at a loss|at sea|flummoxed|discombobulated|stumped|fazed|clueless|without a clue|bushed|wildered|gravelled|mazed|difficult/hard to understand|baffling|perplexing|mystifying|bewildering|confusing|complicated|unclear|beyond one|above one's head|mysterious|enigmatic|ambiguous|paradoxical|obscure|abstruse|unfathomable|inexplicable|incomprehensible|impenetrable|cryptic|oracular|wildering


word: PYAEMIA
russian_word: пиемия
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek puon ‘pus’ + haima ‘blood’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈiːmɪə
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈiːmɪə
definition:
blood poisoning (septicaemia) caused by the spread in the bloodstream of pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess.


word: PYELOGRAPHY
russian_word: пиелография
origin: early 20th century: from Greek puelos ‘trough, basin’ + -graphy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌɪəˈlɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪəˈlɒɡrəfi
definition:
an X-ray technique for producing an image of the renal pelvis and urinary tract by the introduction of a radiopaque fluid.


word: PYGMY
russian_word: карликовый
example: they were pygmies compared to the current satellites
definition: something that is very small.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪɡmi
phonetics_text: ˈpɪɡmi
synonyms:
very small person|little person|person of restricted growth|shrimp|runt|pint-sized person|homunculus|manikin|Lilliputian|fingerling|thumbling|midget|dwarf

origin:
late Middle English (originally in the plural, denoting a mythological race of small people): via Latin from Greek pugmaios ‘dwarf’, from pugmē ‘the length measured from elbow to knuckles’ .


word: PYKNIC
russian_word: пикнический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪknɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpɪknɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting a stocky physique with a rounded body and head, thickset trunk, and a tendency to fat.

origin:
1920s: from Greek puknos ‘thick’ + -ic. The word was first used by the German psychiatrist, Ernst Kretschmer (1888–1964), in his tripartite classification of human types (the other two being asthenic and athletic ).


word: PYLON
russian_word: пилон
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pulōn, from pulē ‘gate’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪlən
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪlən|ˈpʌɪlɒn
definition:
a tall tower-like structure used for carrying electricity cables high above the ground.|a structure on the wing of an aircraft used for supporting an engine or carrying a weapon, fuel tank, or other load.|a plastic cone used to mark areas of roads.


word: PYLORUS
russian_word: пилорус
definition: the opening from the stomach into the duodenum.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈlɔːrəs
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈlɔːrəs
origin:
early 17th century: via late Latin from Greek pulouros ‘gatekeeper’, from pulē ‘gate’ + ouros ‘warder’.


word: PYRALID
russian_word: пиралидные
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈralɪd
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈralɪd|pʌɪˈreɪlɪd
definition:
an insect of a family ( Pyralidae ) of small delicate moths with narrow forewings. The larvae of many species are pests of stored foodstuffs.

origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Pyralidae (plural), based on Greek puralis, denoting a mythical fly said to live in fire.


word: PYRAMID
russian_word: пирамида
example: a pyramid of logs|the eventual collapse of illegal pyramids
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪrəmɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɪrəmɪd
definition:
a monumental structure with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top, especially one built of stone as a royal tomb in ancient Egypt.|an object, shape, or arrangement in the form of a pyramid.|a system of financial growth achieved by a small initial investment, with subsequent investments being funded by using unrealized profits as collateral.

origin:
late Middle English (in the geometrical sense): via Latin from Greek puramis, puramid-, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: PYRAMIDAL
russian_word: пирамидальный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪˈramɪd(ə)l
phonetics_text: pɪˈramɪd(ə)l
definition:
resembling a pyramid in shape.|relating to or denoting a tract of motor nerves within the pyramid of the medulla oblongata.


word: PYRETHRUM
russian_word: пиретрум
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈriːθrəm
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈriːθrəm
definition:
an aromatic plant of the daisy family, typically having feathery foliage and brightly coloured flowers.

origin:
Middle English (denoting pellitory): from Latin, from Greek purethron ‘feverfew’. The current senses (based on the former genus name) date from the late 19th century.


word: PYRETIC
russian_word: жаропонижающий
definition: feverish or inducing fever.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pʌɪˈrɛtɪk
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈrɛtɪk|pɪˈrɛtɪk
origin:
early 18th century (as a noun, denoting an antipyretic drug): from modern Latin pyreticus, from Greek puretos ‘fever’.


word: PYRIDINE
russian_word: пиридин
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pur ‘fire’ + -ide + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪrɪdiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpɪrɪdiːn
definition:
a colourless volatile liquid with an unpleasant odour, present in coal tar and used chiefly as a solvent.


word: PYRIDOXAL
russian_word: пиридоксаль
origin: 1940s: from pyridoxine + -al.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɪrɪˈdɒksəl
phonetics_text: ˌpɪrɪˈdɒksəl
definition:
an oxidized derivative of pyridoxine which acts as a coenzyme in transamination and other processes.


word: PYRIDOXINE
russian_word: пиридоксин
origin: 1930s: from pyrid(ine) + ox- ‘oxygen’ + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɪrɪˈdɒksɪn
phonetics_text: ˌpɪrɪˈdɒksɪn|ˌpɪrɪˈdɒksiːn
definition:
a colourless weakly basic solid present chiefly in cereals, liver oils, and yeast, and important in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids.


word: PYRITES
russian_word: пирит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈrʌɪtiːz
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈrʌɪtiːz
definition:
a shiny yellow mineral consisting of iron disulphide and typically occurring as intersecting cubic crystals.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a mineral used for kindling fire): via Latin from Greek puritēs ‘of fire’, from pur ‘fire’.


word: PYRO-
russian_word: пиро-
example: pyromania|pyrophosphate
origin: from Greek pur ‘fire’.
part_of_speech: combining form
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrəʊ
definition:
relating to fire.|denoting a compound or mineral that is formed or affected by heat or has a fiery colour.


word: PYROGALLOL
russian_word: пирогаллол
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈɡalɒl
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈɡalɒl
definition:
a weakly acid crystalline compound chiefly used as a developer in photography. Also called pyrogallic acid.


word: PYROGEN
russian_word: пирогена
example: pyrogens affect the central neurons
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrədʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrədʒ(ə)n
definition:
a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood.


word: PYROGENIC
russian_word: пирогенный
definition: inducing fever.|caused or produced by combustion or the application of heat.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk
example:
a pyrogenic response follows intravenous injection of endotoxin|pyrogenic factors affecting the fluctuation of the forest–savannah boundary


word: PYROGRAPHY
russian_word: выжигание рисунка
example: craft supplies for pyrography
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈrɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈrɒɡrəfi
definition:
the art or technique of decorating wood or leather by burning a design on the surface with a heated metallic point.


word: PYROLUSITE
russian_word: пиролюзит
definition: a black or dark grey mineral with a metallic lustre, consisting of manganese dioxide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈluːsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈluːsʌɪt
origin:
early 19th century: from pyro- ‘fire, heat’ + Greek lousis ‘washing’ (because of the mineral's use in decolorizing glass).


word: PYROMETALLURGY
russian_word: пирометаллургия
example: specialists in mineral processing and pyrometallurgy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌɪrəʊmɪˈtaləːdʒi
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪrəʊmɪˈtaləːdʒi
definition:
the branch of science and technology concerned with the use of high temperatures to extract and purify metals.


word: PYROPE
russian_word: пироп
definition: a deep red variety of garnet.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrəʊp
origin:
early 19th century: from German Pyrop, via Latin from Greek purōpos ‘gold-bronze’, literally ‘fiery eyed’, from pur ‘fire’ + ōps ‘eye’.


word: PYROPHORIC
russian_word: пирофорный
example: several boranes are pyrophoric and toxic
definition: liable to ignite spontaneously on exposure to air.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈfɒrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈfɒrɪk
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin pyrophorus, from Greek purophoros ‘fire-bearing’, from pur ‘fire’ + pherein ‘to bear’.


word: PYROTECHNY
russian_word: пиротехника
definition: the use of fire in alchemy.|another term for pyrotechnics.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrətɛkniː
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrətɛkniː
origin:
late 16th century: from French pyrotechnie or modern Latin pyrotechnia, from Greek pur + tekhnē ‘art’.


word: PYROXENE
russian_word: пироксен
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪˈrɒksiːn
phonetics_text: pʌɪˈrɒksiːn
definition:
any of a large class of rock-forming silicate minerals, generally containing calcium, magnesium, and iron and typically occurring as prismatic crystals.

origin:
early 19th century: from pyro- ‘fire’ + Greek xenos ‘stranger’ (because the mineral group was supposed alien to igneous rocks).


word: PYRRHOTITE
russian_word: пирротин
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek purrhotēs ‘redness’ + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪrətʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɪrətʌɪt
definition:
a reddish-bronze mineral consisting of iron sulphide, typically forming massive or granular deposits.


word: PYTHON
russian_word: питон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪθ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪθ(ə)n
definition:
a large heavy-bodied non-venomous snake occurring throughout the Old World tropics, killing prey by constriction and asphyxiation.|a high-level general-purpose programming language.

origin:
late 16th century (in the Greek sense): via Latin from Greek Puthōn, the name of a huge serpent killed by Apollo. The main current sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: PYTHONESS
russian_word: прорицательница
definition: a woman believed to be possessed by a familiar spirit and to be able to foresee the future.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪθənɛs
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪθənɛs
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French phitonise, from an alteration of late Latin pythonissa, based on Greek puthōn ‘soothsaying demon’. Compare with Pythia.


word: PYX
russian_word: дарохранительница
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pyxis, from Greek puxis ‘box’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪks
phonetics_text: pɪks
definition:
the container in which the consecrated bread of the Eucharist is kept.|(in the UK) a box at the Royal Mint in which specimen gold and silver coins are deposited to be tested annually at the trial of the pyx by members of the Goldsmiths' Company.


word: QANAT
russian_word: подземных водоводов
origin: Persian, from Arabic qanāt ‘reed, pipe, channel’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈnɑːt
phonetics_text: kəˈnɑːt
definition:
(in the Middle East) a gently sloping underground channel or tunnel constructed to lead water from the interior of a hill to a village below.


word: QI
russian_word: ци
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: from Chinese (Mandarin dialect) qì, literally ‘air, breath’.
definition:
the circulating life force whose existence and properties are the basis of much Chinese philosophy and medicine.


word: QUACKERY
russian_word: шарлатанство
example: a website dedicated to exposing medical quackery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwakəri
phonetics_text: ˈkwakəri
definition:
dishonest practices and claims to have special knowledge and skill in some field, typically medicine.


word: QUAD
russian_word: четверка
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: kwɒd
phonetics_text: kwɒd
example:
students greeted him as he walked through the quad|9,294 women gave birth to twins, while 147 had triplets, and five had quads|I have well-developed quads but my glutes are not all they could be|inexperienced riders on quads and mopeds|we issued records in two forms at once, stereo and quad

definition:
a quadrangle.|a quadruplet.|a quadriceps muscle.|a quad bike.|quadraphony.|(in telephony) a group of four insulated conductors twisted together, usually forming two circuits.|a radio aerial in the form of a square or rectangle broken in the middle of one side.|a traditional four-wheeled roller skate.|a small metal block in various sizes, lower than type height, used in letterpress printing for filling up short lines.


word: QUADRAGESIMA
russian_word: великий пост
definition: the first Sunday in Lent.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkwɒdrəˈdʒɛsɪmə
phonetics_text: ˌkwɒdrəˈdʒɛsɪmə
origin:
from ecclesiastical Latin, feminine of Latin quadragesimus ‘fortieth’, from quadraginta ‘forty’ (Lent lasting forty days).


word: QUADRANGLE
russian_word: четырехугольник
synonyms: courtyard|quad|court|cloister|precinct|square|plaza|piazza|enclosure|close
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdraŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdraŋɡ(ə)l
definition:
a four-sided plane figure, especially a square or rectangle.|a square or rectangular space or courtyard enclosed by buildings.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin quadrangulum ‘square’, neuter of quadrangulus, from Latin quadri- ‘four’ + angulus ‘corner, angle’.


word: QUADRANT
russian_word: квадрант
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdr(ə)nt
definition:
each of four quarters of a circle.|an instrument used for taking angular measurements of altitude in astronomy and navigation, typically consisting of a graduated quarter circle and a sighting mechanism.|a frame fixed to the head of a ship's rudder, to which the steering mechanism is attached.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the astronomical instrument): from Latin quadrans, quadrant- ‘quarter’, from quattuor ‘four’.


word: QUADRAT
russian_word: шпация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrət
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrət
definition:
each of a number of small areas of habitat, typically of one square metre, selected at random to act as samples for assessing the local distribution of plants or animals.|(in letterpress printing) a small block of metal, lower than the face of the type, inserted to fill up short lines or adjust spacing.

origin:
late Middle English (in sense ‘instrument for measuring altitude or distance’): from Latin quadratum quadrate.


word: QUADRATE
russian_word: квадрат
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
definition:
(in the skull of a bird or reptile) a squarish bone with which the jaw articulates, thought to be homologous with the incus of the middle ear in mammals.|another term for quadratus.

phonetic:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from Latin quadrat- ‘made square’, from the verb quadrare, from quattuor ‘four’.


word: QUADRATIC
russian_word: квадратный
example: a quadratic equation
definition: involving the second and no higher power of an unknown quantity or variable.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kwɒˈdratɪk
phonetics_text: kwɒˈdratɪk
origin:
mid 17th century: from French quadratique or modern Latin quadraticus, from quadratus ‘made square’, past participle of quadrare (see quadrate).


word: QUADRATURE
russian_word: квадратура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrətʃə
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrətʃə
definition:
the process of constructing a square with an area equal to that of a circle, or of another figure bounded by a curve.|the position of the moon or a planet when it is 90° from the sun as viewed from the earth.|a phase difference of 90 degrees between two waves of the same frequency, as in the colour difference signals of a television screen.

origin:
mid 16th century (as a mathematical term): from Latin quadratura ‘a square, squaring’, from quadrare (see quadrate).


word: QUADRICEPS
russian_word: четырехглавая мышца
example: front squats place more emphasis on the quadriceps
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin, literally ‘four-headed’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrɪsɛps
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrɪsɛps
definition:
the large muscle at the front of the thigh, which is divided into four distinct portions and acts to extend the leg.


word: QUADRILATERAL
russian_word: четырехугольник
definition: a four-sided figure.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌkwɒdrɪˈlat(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌkwɒdrɪˈlat(ə)r(ə)l
origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin quadrilaterus (from Latin quadri- ‘four’ + latus, later- ‘side’) + -al.


word: QUADRILLE
russian_word: кадриль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɒˈdrɪl
phonetics_text: kwɒˈdrɪl
definition:
a square dance performed typically by four couples and containing five figures, each of which is a complete dance in itself.

origin:
mid 18th century: from French from Spanish cuadrilla or Italian quadriglia ‘troop, company’, from cuadra, quadra ‘square’, based on Latin quadrare ‘make square’.


word: QUADRILLION
russian_word: квадрильон
definition: a thousand raised to the power of five (1015).
part_of_speech: number
phonetic: kwɒˈdrɪljən
phonetics_text: kwɒˈdrɪljən
origin:
late 17th century: from French, from million, by substitution of the prefix quadri-  ‘four’ for the initial letters.


word: QUADRIVIUM
russian_word: пересечение четырех дорог
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɒˈdrɪvɪəm
phonetics_text: kwɒˈdrɪvɪəm
definition:
a medieval university course involving the ‘mathematical arts’ of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.

origin:
Latin, literally ‘the place where four roads meet’ (in late Latin ‘the four branches of mathematics’), from quadri- ‘four’ + via ‘road’.


word: QUADROON
russian_word: квартерон
definition: a person who is one-quarter black by descent.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɒˈdruːn
phonetics_text: kwɒˈdruːn
origin:
early 18th century (earlier as quarteron ): via French from Spanish cuarterón, from cuarto ‘quarter’, from Latin quartus ; later assimilated to words beginning with quadri-.


word: QUADRUMANOUS
russian_word: четверорукий
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kwɒˈdruːmənəs
phonetics_text: kwɒˈdruːmənəs|ˌkwɒdrʊˈmɑːnəs
definition:
(of primates other than humans) having all four feet modified as hands, i.e. having opposable digits.

origin:
late 17th century: from modern Latin Quadrumana (former order name, neuter plural of quadrumanus, from quadru- ‘four’ + Latin manus ‘hand’) + -ous.


word: QUADRUPED
russian_word: четвероногий
example: smell is so important to quadrupeds
definition: an animal which has four feet, especially an ungulate mammal.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrʊpɛd
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrʊpɛd
origin:
mid 17th century: from French quadrupède or Latin quadrupes, quadruped-, from quadru- ‘four’ + pes, ped- ‘foot’.


word: QUADRUPLE
russian_word: четверной
example: a quadruple murder
definition: consisting of four parts or elements.
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)l|kwɒˈdruːp(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English (as a verb): via French from Latin quadruplus, from quadru- ‘four’ + -plus as in duplus (see duple).


word: QUADRUPLET
russian_word: четверня
origin: late 18th century: from quadruple, on the pattern of triplet .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrʊplɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrʊplɪt|kwɒˈdruːplɪt
definition:
each of four children born at one birth.|a group of four notes to be performed in the time of three.


word: QUADRUPLICATE
russian_word: учетверенный
definition: consisting of four parts or elements.
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic:
mid 17th century: from Latin quadruplicat- ‘quadrupled’, from the verb quadruplicare, from quadruplex, quadruplic- ‘fourfold’, from quadru- ‘four’ + plicare ‘to fold’.


word: QUADRUPOLE
russian_word: квадрупольного
example: the quadrupole moment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒdrʊpəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒdrʊpəʊl
definition:
a distribution of electric charge or magnetization consisting of four equal monopoles, or two equal dipoles, arranged close together with alternating polarity and operating as a unit.


word: QUAFF
russian_word: пить залпом
example: he quaffed pint after pint of good Berkshire ale
definition: drink (something, especially an alcoholic drink) heartily.
origin: early 16th century: probably imitative of the sound of drinking.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kwɒf
phonetics_text: kwɒf|kwɑːf
synonyms:
drink|swallow|gulp (down)|guzzle|slurp|attack|down|drink up/down|force down|get down|finish off|polish off|drain|empty|imbibe|have|take|partake of|ingest|consume|sup|sip|lap|take alcohol|indulge|tipple|carouse|overdrink|overindulge|tope|booze|sink|kill|glug|swig|swill|slug|hit|knock back|dispose of|toss off|take a drop|wet one's whistle|hit the bottle|take to the bottle|crack a bottle|drink like a fish|get tanked up|get outside (of)|shift|murder|neck|bevvy|get one's laughing gear round|bend one's elbow|chug|snarf (down)|scarf (down)|bib|sot


word: QUAG
russian_word: болото
definition: a marshy or boggy place.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwaɡ
phonetics_text: kwaɡ|kwɒɡ
origin:
late 16th century: related to dialect quag  ‘shake, quiver’; probably symbolic, the qu- suggesting movement (as in quake and quick ).


word: QUAGMIRE
russian_word: трясина
example: torrential rain turned the building site into a quagmire
definition: a soft boggy area of land that gives way underfoot.
origin: late 16th century: from quag + mire.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwaɡmʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkwaɡmʌɪə|ˈkwɒɡmʌɪə
synonyms:
swamp|morass|bog|peat bog|marsh|mire|quag|marshland|fen|slough|quicksand|moss|corcass|bayou|pocosin|moor|marish|carr


word: QUAIL
russian_word: перепел
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kweɪl
phonetics_text: kweɪl
definition:
a small short-tailed Old World game bird resembling a tiny partridge, typically having brown camouflaged plumage.|a small or medium-sized New World game bird, the male of which has distinctive facial markings.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French quaille, from medieval Latin coacula (probably imitative of its call).


word: QUAINT
russian_word: причудливый
example: quaint country cottages
definition: attractively unusual or old-fashioned.
antonyms: modern|ugly|normal|ordinary
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kweɪnt
phonetics_text: kweɪnt
synonyms:
picturesque|charming|sweet|attractive|pleasantly old-fashioned|old-fashioned|old-world|toytown|cunning|twee|arty-crafty|olde|olde worlde|unusual|different|out of the ordinary|out of the way|unfamiliar|curious|eccentric|quirky|bizarre|zany|whimsical|fanciful|idiosyncratic|unconventional|outlandish|offbeat|off-centre|outré

origin:
Middle English: from Old French cointe, from Latin cognitus ‘ascertained’, past participle of cognoscere . The original sense was ‘wise, clever’, also ‘ingenious, cunningly devised’, hence ‘out of the ordinary’ and the current sense (late 18th century).


word: QUAKER
russian_word: квакер
example: a Quaker burial ground
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkweɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈkweɪkə
definition:
a member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement founded by George Fox c. 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles. Central to the Quakers' belief is the doctrine of the ‘Inner Light’, or sense of Christ's direct working in the soul. This has led them to reject both formal ministry and all set forms of worship.

origin:
from quake + -er1, perhaps alluding to George Fox's direction to his followers to ‘tremble at the name of the Lord’, or from fits supposedly experienced by worshippers when moved by the Spirit. Compare with shaker (sense 2).


word: QUALIFICATION
russian_word: квалификация
origin: mid 16th century: from medieval Latin qualificatio(n- ), from the verb qualificare (see qualify).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
I left school at 15 with no qualifications|the five-year residency qualification for presidential candidates|they need to beat Poland to ensure qualification for the World Cup finals|this important qualification needs to be remembered when interpreting the results

definition:
a pass of an examination or an official completion of a course, especially one conferring status as a recognized practitioner of a profession or activity.|a condition that must be fulfilled before a right can be acquired; an official requirement.|the action or fact of qualifying or being eligible for something.|a statement or assertion that makes another less absolute.|the attribution of a quality to a word, especially a noun.

synonyms:
modification|limitation|restriction|reservation|stipulation|allowance|adaptation|alteration|adjustment|amendment|revision|refinement|moderation|tempering|softening|lessening|reduction|mitigation|condition|proviso|provision|caveat|rider


word: QUALIFIED
russian_word: квалифицированный
example: newly qualified nurses|I could only judge this CD a qualified success
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪd
definition:
officially recognized as being trained to perform a particular job; certified.|not complete or absolute; limited.


word: QUALIFIER
russian_word: определитель
example: he was the fifth-fastest qualifier
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪə
definition:
a person or team that qualifies for a competition or its final rounds.|a word or phrase, especially an adjective, used to attribute a quality to another word, especially a noun.


word: QUALIFY
russian_word: квалифицировать
synonyms: be eligible|meet the requirements|be entitled to|be allowed|be permitted
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪ
example:
a pensioner who does not qualify for income support|the training necessary to qualify as a solicitor|she felt obliged to qualify her first short answer

definition:
be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling a necessary condition.|become officially recognized as a practitioner of a particular profession or activity, typically by undertaking a course and passing examinations.|make (a statement or assertion) less absolute; add reservations to.|(of a word or phrase) attribute a quality to (another word, especially a preceding noun).

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘describe in a particular way’): from French qualifier, from medieval Latin qualificare, from Latin qualis ‘of what kind, of such a kind’ (see quality).


word: QUALIFYING
russian_word: квалификационный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒlɪfʌɪɪŋ
example:
the bill would allow for a tax break for qualifying patients|the team finished the qualifying rounds in fifth place overall

definition:
denoting someone or something that qualifies for something.|denoting the qualification stage of a sporting event.


word: QUALITATIVE
russian_word: качественный
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin qualitativus, from Latin qualitas (see quality).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɒlɪtətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒlɪtətɪv
example:
a qualitative change in the undergraduate curriculum|he offered free and qualitative education to the children

definition:
relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.|of high quality; excellent.


word: QUALITY
russian_word: качество
example: an improvement in product quality|he shows strong leadership qualities
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɒlɪti
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒlɪti
definition:
the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence of something.|a distinctive attribute or characteristic possessed by someone or something.

synonyms:
standard|grade|class|classification|calibre|status|condition|character|nature|constitution|make-up|form|rank|worth|value|level|sort|type|kind|variety

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘character, disposition’ and ‘particular property or feature’): from Old French qualite, from Latin qualitas (translating Greek poiotēs ), from qualis ‘of what kind, of such a kind’.


word: QUALM
russian_word: приступ растерянности
example: military regimes generally have no qualms about controlling the press
definition: an uneasy feeling of doubt, worry, or fear, especially about one's own conduct; a misgiving.
antonyms: confidence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɑːm
phonetics_text: kwɑːm|kwɔːm
synonyms:
misgiving|doubt|reservation|second thought|worry|concern|anxiety|hesitation|hesitance|hesitancy|demur|reluctance|disinclination|apprehension|trepidation|disquiet|disquietude|unease|uneasiness|scruple|pang of conscience|twinge of conscience/remorse|compunction|remorse

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘momentary sick feeling’): perhaps related to Old English cw(e)alm ‘pain’, of Germanic origin.


word: QUANDARY
russian_word: затруднительное положение
example: Kate was in a quandary
definition: a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation.
origin: late 16th century: perhaps partly from Latin quando ‘when’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri
synonyms:
dilemma|plight|predicament|state of uncertainty|state of perplexity|unfortunate situation|difficult situation|awkward situation|trouble|muddle|mix-up|mare's nest|mess|confusion|difficulty|impasse|stalemate|cleft stick|sticky situation|pickle|hole|stew|fix|bind|jam


word: QUANTIFY
russian_word: количественно
example: it is impossible to quantify the extent of the black economy
origin: mid 16th century: from medieval Latin quantificare, from Latin quantus ‘how much’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkwɒntɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒntɪfʌɪ
definition:
express or measure the quantity of.|define the application of (a term or proposition) by the use of all, some, etc., e.g. ‘for all x if x is A then x is B’.


word: QUANTILE
russian_word: квантиль
origin: 1940s: from Latin quantus ‘how great, how much’ + -ile.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒntʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒntʌɪl
definition:
each of any set of values of a variate which divide a frequency distribution into equal groups, each containing the same fraction of the total population.


word: QUANTITATIVE
russian_word: количественный
example: quantitative analysis
definition: relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv|ˈkwɒntɪˌteɪtɪv
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘having magnitude or spatial extent’): from medieval Latin quantitativus, from Latin quantitas (see quantity).


word: QUANTITY
russian_word: количество
example: the quantity and quality of the fruit can be controlled
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒntɪti
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒntɪti
definition:
the amount or number of a material or abstract thing not usually estimated by spatial measurement.|the perceived length of a vowel sound or syllable.|a value or component that may be expressed in numbers.

synonyms:
amount|number|total|aggregate|sum|quota|group|size|mass|weight|volume|bulk|load|consignment|expanse|extent|length|area|quantum|proportion|portion|part|dose|dosage

origin:
Middle English: from Old French quantite, from Latin quantitas (translating Greek posotēs ), from quantus ‘how great, how much’.


word: QUANTIZE
russian_word: квантовать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkwɒntʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒntʌɪz
example:
light is quantized into packets of energy|distortion is caused when very low-level audio signals are quantized

definition:
form into quanta, in particular restrict the number of possible values of (a quantity) or states of (a system) so that certain variables can assume only certain discrete magnitudes.|approximate (a continuously varying signal) by one whose amplitude is restricted to a prescribed set of values.


word: QUANTUM
russian_word: квантовый
example: the court must determine the quantum of compensation due
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒntəm
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒntəm
definition:
a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents.|a required or allowed amount, especially an amount of money legally payable in damages.

origin:
mid 16th century (in the general sense ‘quantity’): from Latin, neuter of quantus (see quantity). Sense 1 dates from the early 20th century.


word: QUARANTINE
russian_word: карантин
example: many animals die in quarantine
origin: mid 17th century: from Italian quarantina ‘forty days’, from quaranta ‘forty’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwɒrəntiːn
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒrəntiːn
definition:
a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to infectious or contagious disease are placed.


word: QUARK
russian_word: кварк
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɑːk
phonetics_text: kwɑːk|kwɔːk
definition:
any of a number of subatomic particles carrying a fractional electric charge, postulated as building blocks of the hadrons. Quarks have not been directly observed but theoretical predictions based on their existence have been confirmed experimentally.

origin:
1960s: a word invented by Murray Gell-Man (see Gell-Mann, Murray). Originally quork, the term was changed by association with the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’ in Joyce's Finnegans Wake (1939).


word: QUARREL
russian_word: ссора
example: she made the mistake of picking a quarrel with John
antonyms: reconciliation|agreement
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwɒr(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒr(ə)l
definition:
a heated argument or disagreement, typically about a trivial issue and between people who are usually on good term.

synonyms:
argument|row|fight|disagreement|difference of opinion|dissension|falling-out|dispute|disputation|contention|squabble|contretemps|clash|altercation|exchange|brawl|tussle|disturbance|conflict|affray|brouhaha|commotion|uproar|tumult|war of words|shouting match|fracas|feud|wrangle|tangle|misunderstanding|donnybrook|tiff|set-to|shindig|shindy|stand-up|run-in|spat|scrap|dust-up|ruction|barney|bunfight|ding-dong|bust-up|ruck|slanging match|afters|rammy|hassle|yike|broil|miff|tracasserie(s)

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘reason for disagreement with a person’): from Old French querele, from Latin querel(l)a ‘complaint’, from queri ‘complain’.


word: QUARRELSOME
russian_word: вздорный
example: a moody, quarrelsome man
definition: given to or characterized by quarrelling.
antonyms: peaceable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɒr(ə)ls(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒr(ə)ls(ə)m
synonyms:
argumentative|disputatious|disputative|contentious|confrontational|captious|factious|cavilling|pugnacious|combative|ready for a fight|defiant|hostile|antagonistic|bellicose|belligerent|militant|warring|fighting|battling|threatening|litigious|irascible|cantankerous|irritable|petulant|truculent|fiery|quick-tempered|hot-tempered|ill-tempered|bad-tempered|choleric|bickering|wrangling|stroppy|scrappy


word: QUARRY
russian_word: карьер
example: a limestone quarry
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwɒri
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒri
definition:
a place, typically a large, deep pit, from which stone or other materials are or have been extracted.

origin:
Middle English: from a variant of medieval Latin quareria, from Old French quarriere, based on Latin quadrum ‘a square’. The verb dates from the late 18th century.


word: QUART
russian_word: кварта
example: two quarts of milk
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɔːt
phonetics_text: kwɔːt
definition:
a unit of liquid capacity equal to a quarter of a gallon or two pints, equivalent in Britain to approximately 1.13 litres and in the US to approximately 0.94 litre.|the fourth of eight parrying positions.|(in piquet) a sequence of four cards of the same suit.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French quarte, from Latin quarta (pars) ‘fourth (part)’, from quartus ‘fourth’, from quattuor ‘four’.


word: QUARTAN
russian_word: квартана
definition: denoting a mild form of malaria causing a fever that recurs every third day.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɔːt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːt(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin ( febris) quartana, based on Latin quartus ‘fourth’ (because, by inclusive reckoning, the fever recurs every fourth day).


word: QUARTER
russian_word: четверть
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈk(w)ɔːtə
phonetics_text: ˈk(w)ɔːtə
example:
she cut each apple into quarters|they have strong, muscular quarters|a beautiful port city with a fascinating medieval quarter|they lived in RAF married quarters|the riot squad gave no quarter

definition:
each of four equal or corresponding parts into which something is or can be divided.|one fourth of a pound weight (avoirdupois, equal to 4 ounces).|the haunches or hindquarters of a horse.|a part of a town or city having a particular character or use.|the direction of one of the points of the compass, especially as a direction from which the wind blows.|rooms or lodgings, especially those allocated to people in military or domestic service.|pity or mercy shown towards an enemy or opponent who is in one's power.|each of four or more roughly equal divisions of a shield separated by vertical and horizontal lines.

synonyms:
district|area|region|part|side|neighbourhood|precinct|locality|sector|section|zone|tract|belt|ghetto|community|colony|pocket|enclave|territory|province|parish|ward

origin:
Middle English: from Old French quartier, from Latin quartarius ‘fourth part of a measure’, from quartus ‘fourth’, from quattuor ‘four’.


word: QUARTERING
russian_word: расквартирование
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːt(ə)rɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːt(ə)rɪŋ
definition:
the coats of arms marshalled on a shield to denote the marriages into a family of the heiresses of others.|the provision of accommodation or lodgings, especially for troops.|the action of dividing something into four parts.


word: QUARTERLY
russian_word: ежеквартальный
example: a quarterly newsletter is distributed to members
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːtəli
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːtəli
definition:
done, produced, or occurring once every quarter of a year.|(of a shield or charge) divided into four (or occasionally more) subdivisions by vertical and horizontal lines.


word: QUARTERMASTER
russian_word: квартирмейстер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːtəmɑːstə
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːtəmɑːstə
definition:
a regimental officer, usually commissioned from the ranks, responsible for administering barracks, laying out the camp, and looking after supplies.|a naval petty officer with particular responsibility for steering and signals.


word: QUARTERN
russian_word: четверть листа
definition: a quarter of a pint.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːt(ə)n
origin:
Middle English (in the general sense ‘a quarter’): from Old French quart(e)ron, from quart(e ) (see quart).


word: QUARTER NOTE
russian_word: четвертная нота
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a note having the time value of a quarter of a semibreve or half a minim, represented by a large solid dot with a plain stem; a crotchet.


word: QUARTET
russian_word: квартет
definition: a group of four people playing music or singing together.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɔːˈtɛt
phonetics_text: kwɔːˈtɛt
origin:
early 17th century (in the general sense ‘set of four’): from French quartette, from Italian quartetto, from quarto ‘fourth’, from Latin quartus .


word: QUARTILE
russian_word: квартиль
example: in the highest quartile, the mean age was 72
origin: late 19th century: from medieval Latin quartilis, from Latin quartus ‘fourth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːtʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːtʌɪl
definition:
each of four equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.


word: QUARTO
russian_word: кварто
definition: a size of book page resulting from folding each printed sheet into four leaves (eight pages).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːtəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːtəʊ
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin ( in) quarto ‘(in) the fourth (of a sheet)’, ablative of quartus ‘fourth’.


word: QUARTZ
russian_word: кварц
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɔːts
phonetics_text: kwɔːts
definition:
a hard mineral consisting of silica, found widely in igneous and metamorphic rocks and typically occurring as colourless or white hexagonal prisms. It is often coloured by impurities (as in amethyst, citrine, and cairngorm).

origin:
mid 18th century: from German Quarz, from Polish dialect kwardy, corresponding to Czech tvrdý ‘hard’.


word: QUARTZITE
russian_word: кварцит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːtsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːtsʌɪt
definition:
an extremely compact, hard, granular rock consisting essentially of quartz. It often occurs as silicified sandstone, as in sarsen stones.


word: QUASAR
russian_word: квазар
origin: 1960s: contraction of quasi-stellar .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkweɪzɑː
phonetics_text: ˈkweɪzɑː|ˈkweɪsɑː
definition:
a massive and extremely remote celestial object, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy, and typically having a starlike image in a telescope. It has been suggested that quasars contain massive black holes and may represent a stage in the evolution of some galaxies.


word: QUASH
russian_word: аннулировать
example: his conviction was quashed on appeal
definition: reject as invalid, especially by legal procedure.
antonyms: validate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kwɒʃ
phonetics_text: kwɒʃ
synonyms:
cancel|reverse|rescind|repeal|revoke|retract|countermand|withdraw|take back|rule against|disallow|overturn|override|overrule|veto|set aside|overthrow|repudiate|annul|nullify|declare null and void|invalidate|render invalid|negate|void|abrogate|vacate|recall

origin:
Middle English: from Old French quasser ‘annul’, from late Latin cassare (medieval Latin also quassare ), from cassus ‘null, void’. Compare with squash1.


word: QUASICRYSTAL
russian_word: квазикристаллическая
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkweɪzʌɪkrɪstəl
phonetics_text: ˈkweɪzʌɪkrɪstəl|ˈkweɪsʌɪkrɪstəl|ˈkwɑːzizʌɪkrɪstəl
definition:
a locally regular aggregation of molecules resembling a crystal in certain properties (such as that of diffraction) but not having a consistent spatial periodicity.


word: QUASIPARTICLE
russian_word: квазичастица
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkweɪzʌɪˈpaːtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌkweɪzʌɪˈpaːtɪk(ə)l|ˌkweɪsʌɪˈpaːtɪk(ə)l|ˈkwɑːzi
definition:
a quantum of energy in a crystal lattice or other system of bodies which has momentum and position and can in some respects be regarded as a particle.


word: QUASSIA
russian_word: кассия
definition: a South American shrub or small tree related to ailanthus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɒʃə
phonetics_text: ˈkwɒʃə|ˈkwɒʃɪə|ˈkwasɪə
origin:
named after Graman Quassi, an 18th-century Surinamese slave who discovered its medicinal properties in 1730.


word: QUATERNARY
russian_word: четвертичный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kwəˈtəːn(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kwəˈtəːn(ə)ri
definition:
fourth in order or rank; belonging to the fourth order.|relating to or denoting the most recent period in the Cenozoic era, following the Tertiary period and comprising the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs.|denoting an ammonium compound containing a cation of the form NR4+, where R represents organic groups or atoms other than hydrogen.

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting a set of four): from Latin quaternarius, from quaterni ‘four at once’, from quater ‘four times’, from quattuor ‘four’.


word: QUATERNION
russian_word: кватернион
origin: mid 19th century: from late Latin quaternio(n- ), from Latin quarterni (see quaternary).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwəˈtəːnɪən
phonetics_text: kwəˈtəːnɪən
definition:
a complex number of the form w + xi + yj + zk, where w, x, y, z are real numbers and i, j, k are imaginary units that satisfy certain conditions.|a set of four people or things.


word: QUATREFOIL
russian_word: четырехлистник
origin: late 15th century: from Anglo-Norman French, from Old French quatre ‘four’ + foil ‘leaf’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatrəfɔɪl
phonetics_text: ˈkatrəfɔɪl
definition:
an ornamental design of four lobes or leaves as used in architectural tracery, resembling a flower or clover leaf.


word: QUATTROCENTO
russian_word: кватроченто
example: artists of the quattrocento
definition: the 15th century as a period of Italian art or architecture.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkwatrə(ʊ)ˈtʃɛntəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌkwatrə(ʊ)ˈtʃɛntəʊ
origin:
Italian, literally ‘400’ (shortened from milquattrocento ‘1400’), used with reference to the years 1400–99.


word: QUAVER
russian_word: дрожать
example: his voice quavered with rage
definition: (of a person's voice) shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkweɪvə
phonetics_text: ˈkweɪvə
synonyms:
tremble|quiver|shake|flutter|vibrate|pulsate|oscillate|fluctuate|waver|ripple|falter|trill|twitter|warble

origin:
late Middle English (as a verb in the general sense ‘tremble’): from dialect quave ‘quake, tremble’, probably from an Old English word related to quake. The noun is first recorded (mid 16th century) as a musical term.


word: QUAY
russian_word: набережная
definition: a stone or metal platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kiː
phonetics_text: kiː
synonyms:
dock|wharf|pier|harbour|berth|jetty|landing|landing stage|landing place|slipway|marina|waterfront|sea wall|embankment

origin:
late Middle English key, from Old French kay, of Celtic origin. The change of spelling in the late 17th century was influenced by the modern French spelling quai .


word: QUEAN
russian_word: молодая девушка
definition: an impudent or badly behaved girl or woman.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwiːn
phonetics_text: kwiːn
origin:
Old English cwene  ‘woman’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kween ‘barren cow’, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek gunē .


word: QUEASY
russian_word: разборчивый
example: in the morning he was still pale and queasy
definition: nauseous; feeling sick.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwiːzi
phonetics_text: ˈkwiːzi
synonyms:
nauseous|nauseated|bilious|sick|seasick|carsick|trainsick|airsick|travel-sick|suffering from motion sickness|ill|unwell|poorly|bad|out of sorts|dizzy|peaky|liverish|green around the gills|off|off colour|sick to one's stomach|funny|peculiar|rough|lousy|rotten|awful|terrible|dreadful|crummy|crook|peakish|crappy

origin:
late Middle English queisy, coisy  ‘causing nausea’, of uncertain origin; perhaps related to Old French coisier ‘to hurt’.


word: QUEEN
russian_word: королева
example: he insisted the princess could be crowned queen
synonyms: monarch|sovereign|head of state|ruler|Crown|Her Majesty|king's consort|queen consort|queen mother
origin: Old English cwēn, of Germanic origin; related to quean.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwiːn
phonetics_text: kwiːn
definition:
the female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.|the most powerful chess piece that each player has, able to move in any direction along a rank, file, or diagonal on which it stands.|a playing card bearing a representation of a queen, normally ranking next below a king and above a jack.|a reproductive female in a colony of social ants, bees, wasps, or termites, frequently the only one present in a colony.|an adult female cat that has not been spayed.|a gay man, especially one regarded as ostentatiously effeminate.


word: QUEENSIDE
russian_word: ферзевом
example: White was able to develop an early initiative on the queenside
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwiːnsʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkwiːnsʌɪd
definition:
the half of the board on which both queens stand at the start of a game (the left-hand side for White, right for Black).


word: QUEER
russian_word: странный
example: she had a queer feeling that they were being watched
definition: strange; odd.|(of a person) homosexual.
antonyms: ordinary|conventional|normal
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: kwɪə
phonetics_text: kwɪə
synonyms:
odd|strange|unusual|funny|peculiar|curious|bizarre|weird|outlandish|eccentric|unconventional|unorthodox|uncanny|unexpected|unfamiliar|abnormal|anomalous|atypical|untypical|different|out of the ordinary|out of the way|extraordinary|remarkable|puzzling|mystifying|mysterious|perplexing|baffling|unaccountable|incongruous|uncommon|irregular|outré|offbeat|singular|deviant|aberrant|freak|freakish|suspicious|dubious|questionable|eerie|unnatural|unco|fishy|creepy|spooky|freaky|rum|off the wall|bizarro|suspect|doubtful|murky|dark|criminal|dishonest|corrupt|nefarious|crafty|deceitful|shifty|underhand|dishonourable|unscrupulous|unprincipled|fraudulent|illegal|unlawful|shady|bent

origin:
early 16th century: considered to be from German quer ‘oblique, perverse’, but the origin is doubtful.


word: QUELL
russian_word: подавлять
example: extra police were called to quell the disturbance
definition: put an end to (a rebellion or other disorder), typically by the use of force.
antonyms: bring about|prompt
origin: Old English cwellan ‘kill’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kwellen and German quälen .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kwɛl
phonetics_text: kwɛl
synonyms:
put an end to|stamp out|put a stop to|end|finish|get rid of|crush|put down|check|crack down on|curb|nip in the bud|thwart|frustrate|squash|quash|subdue|suppress|repress|quench|extinguish|stifle|abolish|terminate|beat|overcome|defeat|rout|destroy|demolish|annihilate|wipe out|extirpate|squelch|put the kibosh on|clobber


word: QUENCH
russian_word: закалки
example: firemen hauled on hoses in a desperate bid to quench the flames
synonyms: extinguish|put out|snuff out|smother|douse|dampen down
origin: Old English -cwencan (in acwencan ‘put out, extinguish’), of Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kwɛn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: kwɛn(t)ʃ
definition:
satisfy (one's thirst) by drinking.|extinguish (a fire).|rapidly cool (red-hot metal or other material), especially in cold water or oil.


word: QUERCETIN
russian_word: кверцетин
origin: mid 19th century: probably from Latin quercetum ‘oak grove’ (from quercus ‘oak’) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwəːsɪtɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkwəːsɪtɪn
definition:
a yellow crystalline pigment present in plants, used as a food supplement to reduce allergic responses or boost immunity.


word: QUERN
russian_word: ручная мельница
origin: Old English cweorn(e), of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse kvern and Dutch kweern .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwəːn
phonetics_text: kwəːn
definition:
a simple hand mill for grinding corn, typically consisting of two circular stones, the upper of which is rotated or rubbed to and fro on the lower one.


word: QUERULOUS
russian_word: ворчливый
example: she became querulous and demanding
definition: complaining in a rather petulant or whining manner.
origin: late 15th century: from late Latin querulosus, from Latin querulus, from queri ‘complain’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɛrʊləs
phonetics_text: ˈkwɛrʊləs|ˈkwɛrjʊləs
synonyms:
petulant|complaining|pettish|touchy|testy|tetchy|waspish|prickly|crusty|peppery|fractious|fretful|irritable|cross|crabbed|crabby|crotchety|cantankerous|curmudgeonly|disagreeable|miserable|morose|on edge|edgy|impatient|bitter|moody|in a bad mood|grumpy|huffy|scratchy|out of sorts|out of temper|ill-tempered|bad-tempered|ill-natured|ill-humoured|sullen|surly|sulky|sour|churlish|bilious|liverish|dyspeptic|splenetic|choleric|snappish|snappy|chippy|grouchy|cranky|narky|ratty|eggy|like a bear with a sore head|whingy|whingeing|sorehead|soreheaded|peckish|snaky|miffy


word: QUERY
russian_word: запрос
example: if you have any queries please telephone our office
definition: a question, especially one expressing doubt or requesting information.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwɪəri
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪəri
synonyms:
question|inquiry|interrogation|examination|quiz|quizzing|doubt|uncertainty|question mark|reservation|suspicion|scepticism

origin:
mid 17th century: anglicized form of the Latin imperative quaere!, used in the 16th century in English as a verb in the sense ‘inquire’ and as a noun meaning ‘query’, from Latin quaerere ‘ask, seek’.


word: QUEST
russian_word: поиск
example: the quest for a reliable vaccine has intensified
definition: a long or arduous search for something.
synonyms: search|hunt|pursuit|pursuance of|investigation into
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwɛst
phonetics_text: kwɛst
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French queste (noun), quester (verb), based on Latin quaerere ‘ask, seek’. See also inquest.


word: QUESTION
russian_word: вопрос
antonyms: answer|response
synonyms: inquiry|query|interrogation|examination|quiz|quizzing
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n
example:
we hope this leaflet has been helpful in answering your questions|the question of local government funding worried ministers

definition:
a sentence worded or expressed so as to elicit information.|a matter requiring resolution or discussion.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French question (noun), questionner (verb), from Latin quaestio(n- ), from quaerere ‘ask, seek’.


word: QUESTIONABLE
russian_word: сомнительный
example: it is questionable whether any of these exceptions is genuine
definition: doubtful as regards truth or validity.
antonyms: certain|indisputable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l
synonyms:
controversial|contentious|open to question|open to doubt|in doubt|doubtful|dubious|uncertain|unsure|debatable|in dispute|in question|arguable|problematic|problematical|unverified|unprovable|unresolved|unsettled|undecided|equivocal|unconvincing|implausible|improbable|not definite|unclear|not obvious|apocryphal|spurious|borderline|marginal|moot|iffy|dodgy


word: QUESTIONNAIRE
russian_word: анкета
origin: late 19th century: from French, from questionner ‘to question’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkwɛstʃəˈnɛː
phonetics_text: ˌkwɛstʃəˈnɛː
definition:
a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.

synonyms:
question sheet|set of questions|survey form|form|test|exam|examination|quiz|opinion poll|questionary|personality inventory


word: QUETZAL
russian_word: кетцаль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɛts(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɛts(ə)l|ˈkwɛts(ə)l
definition:
a bird of the trogon family, with iridescent green plumage and typically red underparts, found in the forests of tropical America.|the basic monetary unit of Guatemala, equal to 100 centavos.

origin:
early 19th century (in quetzal (sense 1)): from Spanish, from Aztec quetzalli ‘brightly coloured tail feather’.


word: QUEUE
russian_word: очередь
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kjuː
phonetics_text: kjuː
definition:
a line or sequence of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to be attended to or to proceed.|a list of data items, commands, etc., stored so as to be retrievable in a definite order, usually the order of insertion.|a plait of hair worn at the back.

synonyms:
line|row|column|file|chain|string|stream|procession|train|succession|progression|cavalcade|sequence|series|waiting list|reserve list|breadline|wait list|backup|waiting line|crocodile|traffic jam|jam|tailback|gridlock|traffic snarl|snarl-up

origin:
late 16th century (as a heraldic term denoting the tail of an animal): from French, based on Latin cauda ‘tail’. Compare with cue2. queue (sense 1 of the noun) dates from the mid 19th century.


word: QUIBBLE
russian_word: каламбур
example: the only quibble about this book is the price
definition: a slight objection or criticism about a trivial matter.|a play on words; a pun.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
minor criticism|trivial objection|trivial complaint|adverse comment|protest|query|argument|exception|moan|grumble|grouse|cavil|twine|niggle|gripe|beef|grouch|nitpicking|pettifogging|evasion|dodge|avoidance|equivocation|prevarication|hedging|fudging

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘play on words, pun’): diminutive of obsolete quib ‘a petty objection’, probably from Latin quibus, dative and ablative plural of qui, quae, quod ‘who, what, which’, frequently used in legal documents and so associated with subtle distinctions or verbal niceties.


word: QUICK
russian_word: быстро
definition: moving fast or doing something in a short time.|prompt to understand, think, or learn; intelligent.
antonyms: slow
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: kwɪk
phonetics_text: kwɪk
example:
in the qualifying session he was two seconds quicker than his teammate|it was quick of him to spot the mistake

synonyms:
fast|swift|rapid|speedy|high-speed|expeditious|brisk|lively|sprightly|nimble|prompt|lightning|meteoric|overnight|whirlwind|fast-track|whistle-stop|breakneck|smart|nippy|zippy|cracking|fleet|tantivy|alacritous|volant

origin:
Old English cwic, cwicu  ‘alive, animated, alert’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kwiek ‘sprightly’ and German keck ‘saucy’, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin vivus ‘alive’ and Greek bios, zōē ‘life’.


word: QUICKEN
russian_word: ускорять
example: she quickened her pace, desperate to escape|her interest quickened
antonyms: slow
synonyms: speed up|accelerate|step up|hasten|hurry|hurry up|gee up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkwɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪk(ə)n
definition:
make or become faster or quicker.|stimulate or become stimulated.|(of a woman) reach a stage in pregnancy when movements of the fetus can be felt.


word: QUICKLIME
russian_word: негашеная известь
origin: late Middle English: from quick + lime1, after Latin calx viva or Anglo-Norman French chaux vive .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪklʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪklʌɪm
definition:
a white caustic alkaline substance consisting of calcium oxide, which is obtained by heating limestone and which combines with water with the production of much heat; lime.


word: QUICKLY
russian_word: быстро
example: Reg's illness progressed frighteningly quickly
definition: at a fast speed; rapidly.
antonyms: slowly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈkwɪkli
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪkli
synonyms:
fast|swiftly|rapidly|speedily|at high speed|with all speed|at (full) speed|at the speed of light|at full tilt|at a gallop|briskly|at the double|post-haste|with all possible haste|like a whirlwind|like an arrow from a bow|at breakneck speed|expeditiously|madly|hotfoot|with dispatch|double quick|in double quick time|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|nippily|like (greased) lightning|hell for leather|at warp speed|like mad|like crazy|like blazes|like the wind|like a bomb|like nobody's business|like a scalded cat|like the deuce|a mile a minute|like a bat out of hell|like a bullet out of a gun|like the clappers|at a rate of knots|like billy-o|lickety-split|apace|immediately|directly|at once|now|straight away|right away|instantly|forthwith|as soon as possible|shortly|without delay|without further/more ado|instantaneously|suddenly|abruptly|soon|soon after|promptly|early|momentarily|like a shot|ASAP (as soon as possible)|pronto|before you can say knife|straight off|straight|instanter|briefly|fleetingly|hastily|in haste|precipitately|hurriedly|in a hurry|cursorily|perfunctorily|superficially|desultorily


word: QUICKNESS
russian_word: быстрота
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪknəs
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪknəs
example:
an athlete with outstanding quickness and agility|his quickness of mind gained him the respect of all parties

definition:
the quality of moving fast or doing something in a short time.|the quality of being prompt to understand, think, or learn.


word: QUICK-WITTED
russian_word: смышленый
example: she was far too quick-witted to complain
definition: showing or characterized by an ability to think or respond quickly and effectively.
antonyms: stupid|slow
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kwɪkˈwɪtɪd
phonetics_text: kwɪkˈwɪtɪd
synonyms:
alert|astute|perceptive|quick|quick-thinking|sharp-witted|sharp|shrewd|penetrating|discerning|perspicacious|wide awake|ready|quick off the mark|observant|intelligent|bright|clever|gifted|able|brainy|brilliant|smart|on the ball|on one's toes|quick on the uptake|genius|whip-smart


word: QUIDDITCH
russian_word: квиддичу
example: she's a multisport athlete who fell in love with quidditch
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪdɪtʃ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪdɪtʃ
definition:
a team sport played while straddling broomsticks, in which goals are scored by throwing a ball through any of three hoops fixed at either end of the pitch.

origin:
early 21st century: from the name of a magical game described in J. K. Rowling's 1997 novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on which the sport is based.


word: QUIESCENT
russian_word: неподвижный
example: strikes were headed by groups of workers who had previously been quiescent
definition: in a state or period of inactivity or dormancy.
antonyms: active
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin quiescent- ‘being still’, from the verb quiescere, from quies ‘quiet’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kwɪˈɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kwɪˈɛs(ə)nt|kwʌɪˈɛs(ə)nt
synonyms:
inactive|inert|latent|fallow|passive|idle|at rest|inoperative|deactivated|in abeyance|quiet|still|motionless|immobile|stagnant|dormant|asleep|slumbering|sluggish|lethargic|torpid


word: QUIET
russian_word: тихо
example: the car has a quiet, economical engine|we wanted a quiet wedding
definition: making little or no noise.|carried out discreetly, secretly, or with moderation.
antonyms: loud
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪət
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪət
synonyms:
silent|still|hushed|noiseless|soundless|mute|dumb|speechless|voiceless|unspeaking|soft|low|lowered|muted|muffled|faint|indistinct|inaudible|dull|whispered|stifled|suppressed

origin:
Middle English (originally as a noun denoting peace as opposed to war): via Old French, based on Latin quies, quiet- ‘repose, quiet’.


word: QUIETEN
russian_word: успокаиваться
example: her mother was trying to quieten her
definition: make or become quiet and calm.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪət(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪət(ə)n
synonyms:
silence|make quieter|hush|shush|quiet|still|shut up|fall silent|stop talking|break off|become quiet|quieten down|grow silent|hold one's tongue|clam up|shut it|pipe down|shut one's mouth/face/trap|put a sock in it|button one's lip|button it|cut the cackle|wrap up|save it|calm|calm down|pacify|soothe|subdue|tranquillize|cool|content|relax|comfort|compose|allay|appease|assuage|mollify|palliate|ease|lessen|reduce|abate|mitigate|moderate|stifle|dull|deaden|lull|temper|subjugate|repress|quell|quash|overcome|rise above


word: QUIETISM
russian_word: квиетизм
example: political quietism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪɪtɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪɪtɪz(ə)m
definition:
(in the Christian faith) devotional contemplation and abandonment of the will as a form of religious mysticism.|calm acceptance of things as they are without attempts to resist or change them.

origin:
late 17th century (denoting the religious mysticism based on the teachings of the Spanish priest Miguel de Molinos ( c.  1640–97)): from Italian quietismo, based on Latin quies, quiet- ‘quiet’.


word: QUIETLY
russian_word: спокойно
example: he worked quietly and diligently
definition: in a quiet manner.
antonyms: loudly|audibly|publicly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪətli
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪətli
synonyms:
silently|in silence|noiselessly|soundlessly|inaudibly|mutely|dumbly|tacitly|stilly|softly|making little noise|in a low voice|in a whisper/murmur/mumble|murmuringly|under one's breath|in an undertone|sotto voce|gently|faintly|weakly|feebly|discreetly|privately|confidentially|secretly|unofficially|off the record|between ourselves|unobtrusively|unostentatiously|unpretentiously|with restraint|with reserve|conservatively|soberly|modestly|demurely|plainly|calmly|patiently|placidly|serenely|undemonstratively|unemotionally|unassumingly


word: QUIETNESS
russian_word: тишина
example: he loved the quietness and stillness of early summer days
definition: absence of noise or bustle; calm.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪətnəs
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪətnəs
synonyms:
peacefulness|peace and quiet|peace|restfulness|calm|calmness|tranquillity|serenity|silence|stillness|still|quiet|quietude|hush|noiselessness|soundlessness


word: QUIETUS
russian_word: квитанция
definition: death or something that causes death, regarded as a release from life.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwʌɪˈiːtəs
phonetics_text: kwʌɪˈiːtəs
origin:
late Middle English: abbreviation of medieval Latin quietus est ‘he is quit’ (see quit1), originally used as a form of receipt or discharge on payment of a debt.


word: QUIFF
russian_word: челка
example: a boy with a floppy quiff
definition: a piece of hair brushed upwards and backwards from a man's forehead.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɪf
phonetics_text: kwɪf
origin:
late 19th century (originally denoting a lock of hair plastered down on the forehead, especially as worn by soldiers): of unknown origin.


word: QUILL
russian_word: птичье перо
example: a dish of pasta quills tossed in a spicy tomato sauce
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwɪl
phonetics_text: kwɪl
definition:
any of the main wing or tail feathers of a bird.|the hollow sharp spines of a porcupine, hedgehog, or other spiny mammal.|another term for penne.|pan pipes.

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘hollow stem’ and ‘shaft of a feather’): probably from Middle Low German quiele .


word: QUILT
russian_word: стегать
origin: Middle English: from Old French cuilte, from Latin culcita ‘mattress, cushion’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwɪlt
phonetics_text: kwɪlt
definition:
a warm bed covering made of padding enclosed between layers of fabric and kept in place by lines of stitching, typically applied in a decorative design.

synonyms:
duvet|continental quilt|counterpane|bedspread|cover|coverlet|Durham quilt|eiderdown|downie|plumeau|comforter|puff|Doona|rezai|yorgan|pourpoint


word: QUILTED
russian_word: стеганый
example: a blue quilted jacket
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɪltɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪltɪd
definition:
(of a garment, bed covering, etc.) made of two layers of cloth filled with padding held in place by lines of stitching.


word: QUINARY
russian_word: пятеричный
example: she discusses other mixtures, including those of the secondary through quinary colours
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪnəri
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪnəri
definition:
fifth in order or rank.|relating to or denoting a former system of classification in which the animal kingdom is divided into five subkingdoms, and each subkingdom into five classes.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin quinarius, from quini ‘five at once, a set of five’, from quinque ‘five’.


word: QUINCE
russian_word: айва
example: quince jelly
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɪns
phonetics_text: kwɪns
definition:
a hard, acid pear-shaped fruit used in preserves or as flavouring.|the shrub or small tree which bears quinces, native to western Asia.

origin:
Middle English (originally a collective plural): from Old French cooin, from Latin (malum) cotoneum, variant of (malum) cydonium ‘apple of Cydonia (= Chania, in Crete)’.


word: QUINCUNX
russian_word: расположение в шахматном порядке
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘five twelfths’, from quinque ‘five’ + uncia ‘twelfth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪnkʌŋks
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪnkʌŋks
definition:
an arrangement of five objects with four at the corners of a square or rectangle and the fifth at its centre, used for the five on a dice or playing card, and in planting trees.|an aspect of 150°, equivalent to five zodiacal signs.


word: QUINELLA
russian_word: Квинелла
origin: 1940s (originally US): from Latin American Spanish quiniela .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɪˈnɛlə
phonetics_text: kwɪˈnɛlə
definition:
a bet in which the first two places in a race must be predicted, but not necessarily in the correct order.


word: QUINIDINE
russian_word: хинидин
origin: mid 19th century: from Spanish quina ‘cinchona bark’ (from Quechua kina ‘bark’) + -ide + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪnɪdiːn
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪnɪdiːn
definition:
a compound obtained from cinchona bark and used to treat irregularities of heart rhythm. It is an isomer of quinine.


word: QUININE
russian_word: хинин
origin: early 19th century: from Spanish quina ‘cinchona bark’ (from Quechua kina ‘bark’) + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪniːn
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪniːn|kwɪˈniːn
definition:
a bitter crystalline compound present in cinchona bark, used as a tonic and formerly as an antimalarial drug.


word: QUINOA
russian_word: лебеда
origin: early 17th century: Spanish spelling of Quechua kinua, kinoa .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkiːnwɑː
phonetics_text: ˈkiːnwɑː
definition:
a plant of the goosefoot family found in the Andes, where it was widely cultivated for its edible starchy seeds prior to the introduction of Old World grains.


word: QUINQUENNIAL
russian_word: пятилетний
example: they conducted quinquennial reviews
definition: recurring every five years.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kwɪŋˈkwɛnɪəl
phonetics_text: kwɪŋˈkwɛnɪəl
origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘lasting five years’): from Latin quinquennis (from quinque ‘five’ + annus ‘year’) + -al.


word: QUINSY
russian_word: гнойный тонзиллит
example: his examination disclosed quinsy in the mother
definition: inflammation of the throat, especially an abscess in the region of the tonsils.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪnzi
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪnzi
origin:
Middle English: from Old French quinencie, from medieval Latin quinancia, from Greek kunankhē ‘canine quinsy’, from kun- ‘dog’ + ankhein ‘throttle’.


word: QUINT
russian_word: квинта
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɪnt
phonetics_text: kɪnt|kwɪnt
definition:
(in piquet) a sequence of five cards of the same suit. A run of ace, king, queen, jack, and ten is a quint major and one of jack, ten, nine, eight, and seven a quint minor.|short for quintuplet.


word: QUINTAIN
russian_word: столб с мишенью для удара копьем
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪntɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪntɪn
definition:
a post set up as a mark in tilting with a lance, typically with a sandbag attached that would swing round and strike an unsuccessful tilter.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French quintaine, perhaps based on Latin quintana, a street in a Roman camp separating the fifth and sixth maniples, where military exercises were performed (from quintus ‘fifth’).


word: QUINTAL
russian_word: центнер
definition: a unit of weight equal to a hundredweight (112 lb) or, formerly, 100 lb.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪnt(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin quintale, from Arabic qinṭār, based on Latin centenarius ‘containing a hundred’.


word: QUINTESSENCE
russian_word: квинтэссенция
example: he was the quintessence of political professionalism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɪnˈtɛs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: kwɪnˈtɛs(ə)ns
definition:
the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.|a refined essence or extract of a substance.|(in classical and medieval philosophy) a fifth substance in addition to the four elements, thought to compose the heavenly bodies and to be latent in all things.

synonyms:
perfect example|exemplar|prototype|stereotype|picture|epitome|embodiment|personification|paragon|ideal|best|cream|elite|flower|jewel|gem|pick|prime|last word|acme of perfection|crème de la crème|beau idéal

origin:
late Middle English (as a term in philosophy): via French from medieval Latin quinta essentia ‘fifth essence’.


word: QUINTESSENTIAL
russian_word: наиболее существенный
example: he was the quintessential tough guy—strong, silent, and self-contained
definition: representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkwɪntɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌkwɪntɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
typical|prototypical|stereotypical|archetypal|classic|model|essential|standard|stock|representative|true to type|conventional|ideal|consummate|exemplary|best|ultimate|supreme|absolute


word: QUINTET
russian_word: квинтет
example: a jazz quintet played hypnotic Chicago blues
definition: a group of five people playing music or singing together.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɪnˈtɛt
phonetics_text: kwɪnˈtɛt
origin:
late 18th century: from French quintette or Italian quintetto, from quinto ‘fifth’, from Latin quintus .


word: QUINTILE
russian_word: квинтиль
origin: early 17th century: from Latin quintilis (mensis ) ‘fifth month, July’, from quintus ‘fifth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪntɪl
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪntɪl|ˈkwɪntʌɪl
definition:
any of five equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.|an aspect of 72° (one fifth of a circle).


word: QUINTILLION
russian_word: нониллион
definition: a thousand raised to the power of six (1018).
part_of_speech: number
phonetic: kwɪnˈtɪljən
phonetics_text: kwɪnˈtɪljən
origin:
late 17th century: from French, from million, by substitution of the prefix quinti-  ‘five’ (from Latin quintus ‘fifth’) for the initial letters.


word: QUINTUPLE
russian_word: пятикратный
example: the microscope has a motorized revolving quintuple nosepiece
definition: consisting of five parts or things.
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪntjʊp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪntjʊp(ə)l|kwɪnˈtjuːp(ə)l
origin:
late 16th century: via French from medieval Latin quintuplus, from Latin quintus ‘fifth’ + -plus as in duplus (see duple).


word: QUINTUPLET
russian_word: набор из пяти предметов
origin: late 19th century: from quintuple, on the pattern of words such as triplet .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪntjʊˌplɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪntjʊˌplɪt|kwɪnˈtjuːplɪt
definition:
each of five children born at one birth.|a group of five notes to be performed in the time of three or four.


word: QUIP
russian_word: эпиграмма
example: Peter ate heartily with a quip about being a condemned man
definition: a witty remark.
origin: mid 16th century: perhaps from Latin quippe ‘indeed, forsooth’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwɪp
phonetics_text: kwɪp
synonyms:
joke|witty remark|witticism|jest|pun|sally|pleasantry|epigram|aphorism|repartee|banter|bon mot|one-liner|gag|crack|wisecrack|funny


word: QUIPU
russian_word: кипу
origin: from Quechua khipu ‘knot’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkiːpuː
phonetics_text: ˈkiːpuː|ˈkwɪːpuː
definition:
an ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously coloured threads knotted in different ways.


word: QUIRK
russian_word: причуда
example: they accepted her attitude as one of her little quirks
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwəːk
phonetics_text: kwəːk
definition:
a peculiar aspect of a person's character or behaviour.|an acute hollow between convex or other mouldings.

synonyms:
idiosyncrasy|peculiarity|oddity|eccentricity|foible|whim|whimsy|notion|conceit|vagary|caprice|fancy|kink|crotchet|mannerism|habit|characteristic|trait|feature|obsession|fad|idée fixe|hang-up|thing|singularity

origin:
early 16th century (as a verb): of unknown origin. The early sense of the noun was ‘subtle verbal twist, quibble’, later ‘unexpected twist’.


word: QUIRKY
russian_word: ушлый
example: her sense of humour was decidedly quirky
definition: having or characterized by peculiar or unexpected traits or aspects.
antonyms: conventional
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwəːki
phonetics_text: ˈkwəːki
synonyms:
eccentric|idiosyncratic|unconventional|unorthodox|unusual|off-centre|strange|bizarre|weird|peculiar|odd|freakish|outlandish|offbeat|out of the ordinary|Bohemian|alternative|zany|outré|wacky|freaky|kinky|way-out|far out|kooky|oddball|off the wall|in left field|bizarro


word: QUIRT
russian_word: арапник
definition: a short-handled riding whip with a braided leather lash.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwəːt
phonetics_text: kwəːt
origin:
mid 19th century (originally US): from Spanish cuerda ‘cord’ (from Latin chorda ‘cord’) or from Mexican Spanish cuarta ‘whip’.


word: QUISLING
russian_word: квислинг
example: he had the Quisling owner of the factory arrested
definition: a traitor who collaborates with an enemy force occupying their country.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪzlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪzlɪŋ
synonyms:
collaborator|fraternizer|colluder|sympathizer|traitor|turncoat|betrayer|informer|back-stabber|double-crosser|double-dealer|renegade|defector|deserter|apostate|Judas|snake in the grass|fifth columnist|two-timer|dog

origin:
Second World War: from the name of Major Vidkun Quisling (1887–1945), the Norwegian army officer and diplomat who ruled Norway on behalf of the German occupying forces (1940–45).


word: QUIT
russian_word: выход
example: hippies finally quit two sites in Hampshire last night|quit yourselves like men, and fight
definition: leave (a place), usually permanently.|behave in a specified way.
antonyms: arrive at|occupy
synonyms: leave|go away from|depart from|vacate|evacuate|move out of|exit from|withdraw from|abandon|desert
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic: kwɪt
phonetics_text: kwɪt
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘set free’): from Old French quiter (verb), quite (adjective), from Latin quietus, past participle of quiescere ‘be still’, from quies ‘quiet’.


word: QUITCH
russian_word: пырей ползучий
definition: another term for couch2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwɪtʃ
phonetics_text: kwɪtʃ
origin:
Old English cwice, of uncertain origin; perhaps related to quick (with reference to its vigorous growth).


word: QUITE
russian_word: вполне
example: it's quite out of the question|it's quite warm outside
origin: Middle English: from the obsolete adjective quite, variant of quit1.
part_of_speech: adverb|exclamation
phonetic: kwʌɪt
phonetics_text: kwʌɪt
definition:
to the utmost or most absolute extent or degree; absolutely; completely.|to a certain or fairly significant extent or degree; fairly.

synonyms:
completely|fully|entirely|totally|wholly|absolutely|utterly|outright|thoroughly|altogether|in every respect|in all respects|without reservation|without exception


word: QUITS
russian_word: квиты
example: I think we're just about quits now, don't you?
definition: (of two people) on even terms, especially because a debt or score has been settled.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kwɪts
phonetics_text: kwɪts
origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘freed from a liability or debt’): perhaps a colloquial abbreviation of medieval Latin quittus, from Latin quietus, used as a receipt (see quietus).


word: QUIVER
russian_word: колчан
example: the tree's branches stopped quivering
definition: tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion.
synonyms: tremble|shake|shiver|quaver|quake|shudder|convulse|flutter|agitate|vibrate|flap|beat
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkwɪvə
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪvə
origin:
Middle English: from Old English cwifer  ‘nimble, quick’. The initial qu- is probably symbolic of quick movement (as in quaver and quick ).


word: QUIXOTIC
russian_word: донкихотский
example: a vast and perhaps quixotic project
definition: extremely idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.
origin: late 18th century: from Don Quixote + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kwɪkˈsɒtɪk
phonetics_text: kwɪkˈsɒtɪk
synonyms:
idealistic|unbusinesslike|romantic|extravagant|starry-eyed|visionary|utopian|perfectionist|unrealistic|unworldly|impracticable|unworkable|impossible|non-viable|inoperable|unserviceable|useless|ineffective|ineffectual|inefficacious


word: QUIZ
russian_word: викторина
example: a sports quiz
synonyms: test of knowledge|competition|panel game|quiz game|quiz show
origin: mid 19th century (as a verb; originally US): possibly from quiz2, influenced by inquisitive.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kwɪz
phonetics_text: kwɪz
definition:
a test of knowledge, especially as a competition between individuals or teams as a form of entertainment.


word: QUIZZICAL
russian_word: насмешливый
example: she gave me a quizzical look
definition: (of a person's expression or behaviour) indicating mild or amused puzzlement.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwɪzɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkwɪzɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
puzzled|perplexed|baffled|questioning|inquiring|mystified|curious|sceptical|amused|sardonic|supercilious|mocking|teasing


word: QUOIN
russian_word: клин
example: smaller stations followed the same pattern; stone-built, with strongly accented quoins
origin: Middle English: variant of coin, used earlier in the sense ‘cornerstone’ and ‘wedge’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɔɪn
phonetics_text: kɔɪn|kwɔɪn
definition:
an external angle of a wall or building.|a wedge or expanding mechanical device used for locking a letterpress forme into a chase.|a wedge for raising the level of a gun barrel or for keeping it from rolling.


word: QUOIT
russian_word: метание колец в цель
origin: late Middle English: probably of French origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɔɪt
phonetics_text: kɔɪt|kwɔɪt
definition:
a ring of iron, rope, or rubber thrown in a game to encircle or land as near as possible to an upright peg.|the flat covering stone of a dolmen.|a person's buttocks.


word: QUORUM
russian_word: кворум
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwɔːrəm
phonetics_text: ˈkwɔːrəm
definition:
the minimum number of members of an assembly or society that must be present at any of its meetings to make the proceedings of that meeting valid.

origin:
late Middle English (referring to justices of the peace): used in commissions for committee members designated by the Latin quorum vos … unum ( duos, etc.) esse volumus ‘of whom we wish that you … be one (two, etc.)’.


word: QUOTA
russian_word: квота
example: the county is falling short of its quota of blood donations
definition: a fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive or is bound to contribute.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwəʊtə
phonetics_text: ˈkwəʊtə
synonyms:
allocation|share|allowance|limit|ration|portion|apportionment|assignment|dispensation|slice|slice of the cake|percentage|commission|measure|proportion|part|piece|fraction|division|subdivision|bit|amount|number|range|quantity|cut|whack|rake-off

origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin quota (pars) ‘how great (a part)’, feminine of quotus, from quot ‘how many’.


word: QUOTATION
russian_word: цитата
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kwə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kwə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
a quotation from Mark Twain|ensure you receive a written quotation covering all aspects of the job|the company is being refused a quotation on the New York Stock Exchange

definition:
a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker.|a formal statement setting out the estimated cost for a particular job or service.|a registration granted to a company enabling their shares to be officially listed and traded.

synonyms:
citation|quote|reference|mention|allusion|excerpt|extract|selection|passage|line|cutting|clip|clipping|snippet|reading|section|piece|part|fragment|portion|paragraph|verse|stanza|canto|sentence|phrase|cite|gobbet

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a marginal reference to a passage of text): from medieval Latin quotatio(n- ), from the verb quotare (see quote).


word: QUOTE
russian_word: цитата
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kwəʊt
phonetics_text: kwəʊt
example:
I realized she was quoting passages from Shakespeare|a garage quoted him £30|a British conglomerate quoted on the London Stock Exchange

definition:
repeat or copy out (words from a text or speech written or spoken by another person).|give someone (the estimated price of a job or service).|give (a company) a quotation or listing on a stock exchange.

synonyms:
recite|repeat|say again|reproduce|restate|retell|echo|iterate|parrot|take|extract|excerpt|derive|misquote|ingeminate

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin quotare, from quot ‘how many’, or from medieval Latin quota (see quota). The original sense was ‘mark a book with numbers, or with marginal references’, later ‘give a reference by page or chapter’, hence ‘cite a text or person’ (late 16th century).


word: QUOTIENT
russian_word: частное
example: the increase in Washington's cynicism quotient
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwəʊʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkwəʊʃ(ə)nt
definition:
a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another.|a degree or amount of a specified quality or characteristic.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin quotiens ‘how many times’ (from quot ‘how many’), by confusion with participial forms ending in -ens, -ent- .


word: QWERTY
russian_word: стандартно расположенный
example: the device features a QWERTY keyboard, something that's still popular with many phone users
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkwəːti
phonetics_text: ˈkwəːti
definition:
denoting the standard layout on English-language typewriters and keyboards, having q, w, e, r, t, and y as the first keys from the left on the top row of letters.


word: RABBET
russian_word: шпунт
example: a rabbet joint
origin: late Middle English: from Old French rabbat ‘abatement, recess’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrabɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrabɪt
definition:
a step-shaped recess cut along the edge or in the face of a piece of wood, typically forming a match to the edge or tongue of another piece; a rebate.


word: RABBI
russian_word: раввин
definition: a Jewish scholar or teacher, especially one who studies or teaches Jewish law.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrabʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrabʌɪ
origin:
late Old English, via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek from Hebrew rabbī ‘my master’, from raḇ ‘master’.


word: RABBIT
russian_word: кролик
example: we had quite a heated rabbit about it
synonyms: coney|bunny (rabbit)
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrabɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrabɪt
definition:
a gregarious burrowing plant-eating mammal, with long ears, long hind legs, and a short tail.|a conversation.

origin:
late Middle English: apparently from Old French (compare with French dialect rabotte ‘young rabbit’), perhaps of Dutch origin (compare with Flemish robbe ).


word: RABBITFISH
russian_word: сигановых
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrabɪtfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrabɪtfɪʃ
definition:
a ratfish found in the north-eastern Atlantic and around South Africa.|a fish with a blunt snout and rabbit-like jaws, found in inshore waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific, especially around reefs.


word: RABBLE
russian_word: сброд
definition: a disorderly crowd; a mob.|a large group of butterflies.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrab(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrab(ə)l
example:
he was met by a rabble of noisy, angry youths|we arrived at the grounds after following a rabble of butterflies

synonyms:
mob|(disorderly) crowd|throng|gang|swarm|host|horde|pack|press|crush|jam|gathering|assemblage|multitude|mass|body|group|rout

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘string of meaningless words’ and ‘pack of animals’): perhaps related to dialect rabble ‘to gabble’.


word: RABID
russian_word: бешеный
example: the show's small but rabid fan base|her mother was bitten by a rabid dog
antonyms: moderate|liberal|half-hearted
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrabɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrabɪd|ˈreɪbɪd
definition:
having or proceeding from an extreme or fanatical support of or belief in something.|(of an animal) affected with rabies.

synonyms:
extreme|fanatical|overzealous|over-enthusiastic|extremist|violent|maniacal|wild|passionate|fervent|diehard|uncompromising|intolerant|unreasonable|illiberal|bigoted|prejudiced|biased|partisan|one-sided|raving|gung-ho|swivel-eyed|perfervid

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘furious, madly violent’): from Latin rabidus, from rabere ‘to rave’.


word: RABIES
russian_word: бешенство
origin: late 16th century: from Latin, from rabere ‘rave’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪbiːz
phonetics_text: ˈreɪbiːz|ˈreɪbɪz
definition:
a contagious and fatal viral disease of dogs and other mammals, transmissible through the saliva to humans and causing madness and convulsions.


word: RACE
russian_word: гонка
example: Hill started from pole position and won the race|angling for tuna in turbulent tidal races
synonyms: contest|competition|relay|event|fixture|heat|rally|trial|time trial|head-to-head
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪs
phonetics_text: reɪs
definition:
a competition between runners, horses, vehicles, etc. to see which is the fastest in covering a set course.|a strong or rapid current flowing through a narrow channel in the sea or a river.|a water channel, especially one built to lead water to or from a point where its energy is utilized, as in a mill or mine.|a smooth ring-shaped groove or guide in which a ball bearing or roller bearing runs.|a fenced passageway in a stockyard through which animals pass singly for branding, loading, washing, etc.|(in weaving) the channel along which the shuttle moves.

origin:
late Old English, from Old Norse rás ‘current’. It was originally a northern English word with the sense ‘rapid forward movement’, which gave rise to the senses ‘contest of speed’ (early 16th century) and ‘channel, path’ (i.e. the space traversed). The verb dates from the late 15th century.


word: RACEME
russian_word: кисть
origin: late 18th century: from Latin racemus ‘bunch of grapes’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrasiːm
phonetics_text: ˈrasiːm|rəˈsiːm
definition:
a flower cluster with the separate flowers attached by short equal stalks at equal distances along a central stem. The flowers at the base of the central stem develop first.


word: RACEMIC
russian_word: рацемический
definition: composed of dextrorotatory and laevorotatory forms of a compound in equal proportion.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rəˈsiːmɪk
phonetics_text: rəˈsiːmɪk|rəˈsɛmɪk
origin:
early 19th century (in racemic acid ): from French racémique ‘derived from grape juice’ (originally referring to tartaric acid in this) + -ic.


word: RACER
russian_word: гонщик
example: tall-masted ocean racers
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪsə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪsə
definition:
an animal or means of transport bred or designed for racing.|a fast-moving, harmless, and typically slender-bodied snake.|a circular horizontal rail along which the carriage or traversing platform of a heavy gun moves.


word: RACEWAY
russian_word: дорожки качения
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪsweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪsweɪ
definition:
a water channel, especially an artificial one of running water in which fish are reared.|a track for trotting, pacing, or harness racing.


word: RACHIS
russian_word: позвоночник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪkɪs
phonetics_text: ˈreɪkɪs
definition:
a stem of a plant, especially a grass, bearing flower stalks at short intervals.|the vertebral column or the cord from which it develops.|the shaft of a feather, especially the part bearing the barbs.

origin:
late 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek rhakhis ‘spine’. The English plural -ides is by false analogy.


word: RACIAL
russian_word: расовый
example: a racial minority
synonyms: ethnic|race-related|ethnological|cultural|national|tribal|folk
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈreɪʃ(ə)l
definition:
relating to the major groupings into which humankind is sometimes divided on the basis of physical characteristics or shared ancestry.


word: RACISM
russian_word: расизм
example: a programme to combat racism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪsɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈreɪsɪz(ə)m
definition:
prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.

synonyms:
racial discrimination|racialism|racial prejudice/bigotry|xenophobia|chauvinism|bigotry|bias|intolerance|anti-Semitism|apartheid


word: RACIST
russian_word: расист
example: we are investigating complaints about racist abuse
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈreɪsɪst
phonetics_text: ˈreɪsɪst
definition:
prejudiced against or antagonistic towards a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.


word: RACK
russian_word: стойка
synonyms: framework|frame|stand|holder|shelf|form|trestle|support|bin|box|bunker|container|structure
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rak
phonetics_text: rak
example:
a spice rack|a steering rack|that chick's got a nice rack|moose have the most impressive racks of all the antlered animals

definition:
a framework, typically with rails, bars, hooks, or pegs, for holding or storing things.|a cogged or toothed bar or rail engaging with a wheel or pinion, or using pegs to adjust the position of something.|an instrument of torture consisting of a frame on which the victim was stretched by turning rollers to which the wrists and ankles were tied.|a triangular structure for positioning the balls in pool.|a woman's breasts.|a set of antlers.|a bed.

origin:
Middle English: from Middle Dutch rec, Middle Low German rek ‘horizontal bar or shelf’, probably from recken ‘to stretch, reach’ (possibly the source of rack1 (sense 1 of the verb)).


word: RACKET
russian_word: ракетка
example: a squash racket
origin: early 16th century: from French raquette (see rackets).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrakɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrakɪt
definition:
a bat with a round or oval frame strung with catgut, nylon, etc., used especially in tennis, badminton, and squash.


word: RACKETS
russian_word: ракетки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrakɪts
phonetics_text: ˈrakɪts
definition:
a ball game for two or four people played with rackets in a plain four-walled court, distinguished from squash in particular by the use of a solid, harder ball.

origin:
late Middle English (also in the singular): from French raquette, via Italian from Arabic rāḥa, rāḥat- ‘palm of the hand’.


word: RACLETTE
russian_word: раклет
definition: a Swiss dish of melted cheese, typically eaten with potatoes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: raˈklɛt
phonetics_text: raˈklɛt
origin:
French, literally ‘small scraper’, referring to the practice of holding the cheese over the heat and scraping it on to a plate as it melts.


word: RACONTEUR
russian_word: хороший рассказчик
example: a colourful raconteur
definition: a person who tells anecdotes in a skilful and amusing way.
origin: early 19th century: French, from raconter ‘relate, recount’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrakɒnˈtəː
phonetics_text: ˌrakɒnˈtəː
synonyms:
storyteller|teller of tales|spinner of yarns|narrator|relater|recounter|magsman|anecdotist|anecdotalist


word: RACY
russian_word: колоритный
example: the novel was considered rather racy at the time|the yacht is fast and racy
antonyms: dull|prim
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈreɪsi
definition:
lively, entertaining, and typically sexually titillating.|(of a vehicle or animal) designed or bred to be suitable for racing.

synonyms:
risqué|sexy|naughty|spicy|juicy|suggestive|ribald|indelicate|indecorous|indecent|immodest|off colour|dirty|rude|smutty|crude|bawdy|vulgar|salacious|coarse|lively|entertaining|stimulating|exciting|gamy|raunchy|blue|close to the bone|near the bone|fruity|near the knuckle|saucy|adult


word: RADAR
russian_word: радар
origin: 1940s: from ra(dio) d(etection) a(nd) r(anging) .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɑː
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɑː
definition:
a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of radio waves which are reflected off the object back to the source.


word: RADDLED
russian_word: сбитый с толку
example: she's beginning to look quite raddled|raddled sheep
definition: showing signs of age or fatigue.|coloured with or as if with raddle.
antonyms: healthy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈradld
phonetics_text: ˈradld
synonyms:
haggard|gaunt|hollow-eyed|drawn|with sunken cheeks|pinched|tired|fatigued|drained|exhausted|worn out|washed out|unwell|unhealthy|below/under par|on one's last legs|the worse for wear

origin:
raddled (sense 1 of the adjective) from raddle in the sense ‘rouge’, by association with its exaggerated use in make-up.


word: RADIAL
russian_word: радиальная
example: four mosaics have a radial arrangement
origin: late 16th century: from medieval Latin radialis, from Latin radius (see radius).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪəl
definition:
of or arranged like rays or the radii of a circle; diverging in lines from a common centre.|relating to the radius.


word: RADIAN
russian_word: радиан
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪən
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪən
definition:
a unit of measurement of angles equal to about 57.3°, equivalent to the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius.


word: RADIANCE
russian_word: сияние
example: the radiance of the sunset dwindled and died
antonyms: darkness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪəns
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪəns
definition:
light or heat as emitted or reflected by something.|the flux of radiation emitted per unit solid angle in a given direction by a unit area of a source.

synonyms:
light|shining|brightness|brilliance|luminosity|radiation|beams|rays|illumination|blaze|glow|luminousness|gleam|lustre|glitter|sparkle|flash|dazzle|shimmer|glare|luminescence|incandescence|fluorescence|phosphorescence|irradiance|lucency|lambency|effulgence|refulgence|coruscation


word: RADIANT
russian_word: сияющий
antonyms: dark|dull
origin: late Middle English: from Latin radiant- ‘emitting rays’, from the verb radiare (see radiate).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪənt
example:
a bird with radiant green and red plumage|plants convert the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy

definition:
sending out light; shining or glowing brightly.|(of electromagnetic energy, especially heat) transmitted by radiation, rather than conduction or convection.

synonyms:
shining|bright|illuminated|lit|lighted|brilliant|gleaming|glowing|ablaze|luminous|luminescent|lustrous|incandescent|glittering|sparkling|coruscating|dazzling|flashing|shimmering|glowy|irradiant|lucent|lambent|splendent|effulgent|refulgent


word: RADIATE
russian_word: излучать
example: the hot stars radiate energy|he ran down one of the passages that radiated from the room
synonyms: emit|give off/out|send out/forth|discharge|scatter|diffuse|shed|cast|beam out
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
definition:
emit (energy, especially light or heat) in the form of rays or waves.|diverge or spread from or as if from a central point.

phonetic:
late 16th century: from Latin radiat- ‘emitted in rays’, from the verb radiare, from radius ‘ray, spoke’.


word: RADIATED
russian_word: излучаемая
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪeɪtɪd
example:
if electric heaters are left too close to furniture the radiated heat can start a fire|radiated tortoises are classified as critically endangered

definition:
denoting energy emitted in the form of rays or waves.|used in the names of animals with markings arranged like rays.


word: RADIATION
russian_word: излучение
example: evolution is a process of radiation not progression
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: reɪdɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: reɪdɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.|divergence out from a central point, in particular evolution from an ancestral animal or plant group into a variety of new forms.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action of sending out rays of light): from Latin radiatio(n- ), from radiare ‘emit rays’ (see radiate).


word: RADIATOR
russian_word: радиатор
example: a dipole is a less efficient radiator of sound than a monopole|the water in my car radiator froze
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪeɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪeɪtə
definition:
a thing that radiates or emits light, heat, or sound.|an engine-cooling device in a motor vehicle or aircraft consisting of a bank of thin tubes in which circulating water is cooled by the surrounding air.


word: RADICAL
russian_word: радикал
example: a radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework|Okay, then. Seven o'clock. Radical!
antonyms: superficial
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈradɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈradɪk(ə)l
definition:
(especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough.|advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party.|denoting or relating to the roots of a word.|relating to or forming the root of a number or quantity.|of, or springing direct from, the root or stem base of a plant.|very good; excellent.

synonyms:
thoroughgoing|thorough|complete|total|entire|absolute|utter|comprehensive|exhaustive|root-and-branch|sweeping|far-reaching|wide-ranging|extensive|profound|drastic|severe|serious|major|desperate|stringent|violent|forceful|rigorous|draconian

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘forming the root’ and ‘inherent’): from late Latin radicalis, from Latin radix, radic- ‘root’.


word: RADICAL SIGN
russian_word: знак корня
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the sign √ which indicates the square root of the number following (or a higher root indicated by a preceding superscript numeral).


word: RADIO
russian_word: радио
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪəʊ
example:
cellular phones are linked by radio rather than wires|she has written much material for radio|he switched the radio on

definition:
the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency, especially those carrying sound messages.|the activity or industry of broadcasting sound programmes to the public.|an apparatus for receiving radio programmes.

origin:
early 20th century: from radio- in radio-telegraphy and radio-telegram, based on Latin radius ‘ray, beam’.


word: RADIOACTIVITY
russian_word: радиоактивность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti
definition:
the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.


word: RADIOBIOLOGY
russian_word: радиобиология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌreɪdɪəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌreɪdɪəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi
definition:
the branch of biology concerned with the effects of ionizing radiation on organisms and the application in biology of radiological techniques.


word: RADIOGRAM
russian_word: радиограмма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪə(ʊ)ɡram
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪə(ʊ)ɡram
definition:
a combined radio and record player built into a cabinet with a speaker.|another term for radiograph.|a telegram sent by radio.


word: RADIOGRAPH
russian_word: рентгеновский снимок
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪə(ʊ)ɡrɑːf
definition:
an image produced on a sensitive plate or film by X-rays, gamma rays, or similar radiation, and typically used in medical examination.


word: RADIOLARIAN
russian_word: радиолярия
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌreɪdɪə(ʊ)ˈlɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: ˌreɪdɪə(ʊ)ˈlɛːrɪən
definition:
a single-celled aquatic animal that has a spherical amoeba-like body with a spiny skeleton of silica. Their skeletons can accumulate as a slimy deposit on the seabed.


word: RADIOLOGIST
russian_word: радиолог
example: the radiologist said he could see no cause for concern
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: reɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪst
phonetics_text: reɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪst
definition:
a person who uses X-rays or other high-energy radiation, especially a doctor specializing in radiology.


word: RADIOLOGY
russian_word: радиология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: reɪdɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: reɪdɪˈɒlədʒi
definition:
the science dealing with X-rays and other high-energy radiation, especially the use of such radiation for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.


word: RADIONICS
russian_word: радиоэлектроника
origin: 1940s: from radio- ‘radiation’, on the pattern of electronics .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌreɪdɪˈɒnɪks
phonetics_text: ˌreɪdɪˈɒnɪks
definition:
a system of alternative medicine based on the supposition that detectable electromagnetic radiation emitted by living matter can be interpreted diagnostically and transmitted to treat illness at a distance by complex electrical instruments.


word: RADIOSONDE
russian_word: радиозонд
origin: 1930s: from radio- (relating to broadcasting) + German Sonde ‘probe’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪəʊˌsɒnd
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪəʊˌsɒnd
definition:
an instrument carried by balloon or other means to various levels of the atmosphere and transmitting measurements by radio.


word: RADISH
russian_word: редис
origin: Old English rædic, from Latin radix, radic- ‘root’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈradɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈradɪʃ
definition:
a swollen pungent-tasting edible root, especially a variety which is small, spherical, and red, and eaten raw with salad.|the plant of the cabbage family which yields the radish.


word: RADIUM
russian_word: радий
origin: late 19th century: from Latin radius ‘ray’ + -ium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 88, a rare radioactive metal of the alkaline earth series. It was formerly used as a source of radiation for radiotherapy.


word: RADIUS
russian_word: радиус
origin: late 16th century (in radius (sense 2 of the noun)): from Latin, literally ‘staff, spoke, ray’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈreɪdɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdɪəs
definition:
a straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle or sphere.|the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm.|a radially symmetric feature in an echinoderm or coelenterate, e.g. an arm of a starfish.


word: RADIX
russian_word: основание системы счисления
example: Judaism is the radix of Christianity
definition: the base of a system of numeration.|a source or origin of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈradɪks
phonetics_text: ˈradɪks|ˈreɪks
origin:
early 17th century (in radix (sense 2)): from Latin, literally ‘root’. radix (sense 1) dates from the late 18th century.


word: RADOME
russian_word: обтекатель
origin: 1940s: blend of radar and dome.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdəʊm
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdəʊm
definition:
a dome or other structure protecting radar equipment and made from material transparent to radio waves, especially one on the outer surface of an aircraft.


word: RADULA
russian_word: радула
origin: late 19th century: from Latin, literally ‘scraper’, from radere ‘to scrape’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈradjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈradjʊlə
definition:
(in a mollusc) a structure of tiny teeth used for scraping food particles off a surface and drawing them into the mouth.


word: RAFFIA
russian_word: рафия
origin: early 18th century: from Malagasy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrafɪə
phonetics_text: ˈrafɪə
definition:
a palm tree native to tropical Africa and Madagascar, with a short trunk and leaves which may be up to 18 m (60 feet) long.


word: RAFFINOSE
russian_word: раффиноза
origin: late 19th century: from French raffiner ‘refine’ + -ose2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrafɪnəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈrafɪnəʊz|ˈrafɪnəʊs
definition:
a sugar present in sugar beet, cotton seed, and many cereals. It is a trisaccharide containing glucose, galactose, and fructose units.


word: RAFFISH
russian_word: беспутный
example: his raffish air
definition: unconventional and slightly disreputable, especially in an attractive way.
origin: early 19th century: from riff-raff + -ish1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrafɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrafɪʃ
synonyms:
rakish|jaunty|dapper|dashing|sporty|flashy|unconventional|bohemian|devil-may-care|casual|careless|louche|disreputable|dissolute|dissipated|debauched|decadent|flash


word: RAFFLE
russian_word: лотерея
example: a raffle ticket
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈraf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈraf(ə)l
definition:
a means of raising money by selling numbered tickets, one or some of which are subsequently drawn at random, the holder or holders of such tickets winning a prize.

synonyms:
lottery|(prize) draw|sweepstake|sweep|tombola|ballot|Instants|lotto|numbers game/pool/racket|tote|pakapoo

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a kind of dice game): from Old French, of unknown origin. The current sense dates from the mid 18th century.


word: RAFT
russian_word: плот
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɑːft
phonetics_text: rɑːft
definition:
a flat buoyant structure of timber or other materials fastened together, used as a boat or floating platform.|a layer of reinforced concrete forming the foundation of a building.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘beam, rafter’): from Old Norse raptr ‘rafter’. The verb dates from the late 17th century.


word: RAG
russian_word: тряпка
example: he wiped his hands on an oily rag|the local rag|a rag of colts roamed the moorland
synonyms: piece of cloth|bit/scrap/fragment of cloth|cloth|schmatte|clout
origin: Middle English: probably a back-formation from ragged or raggy.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: raɡ
phonetics_text: raɡ
definition:
a piece of old cloth, especially one torn from a larger piece, used typically for cleaning things.|a newspaper, typically one regarded as being of low quality.|a herd of colts.


word: RAGA
russian_word: рага
origin: late 18th century: from Sanskrit, literally ‘colour, musical tone’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɑːɡə
phonetics_text: ˈrɑːɡə|ˈrɑːɡɑː
definition:
(in Indian classical music) each of the six basic musical modes which express different moods in certain characteristic progressions, with more emphasis placed on some notes than others.


word: RAGAMUFFIN
russian_word: оборванец
example: ragamuffin style
synonyms: urchin|guttersnipe|waif|scarecrow|gamin|gamine|mudlark|street Arab|wastrel|tatterdemalion
origin: Middle English: probably based on rag1, with a fanciful suffix.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraɡəmʌfɪn
phonetics_text: ˈraɡəmʌfɪn
definition:
a person, typically a child, in ragged, dirty clothes.|an exponent or follower of ragga, typically one dressing in scruffy clothes.


word: RAGE
russian_word: ярость
definition: violent uncontrollable anger.|a vehement desire or passion.|a lively party.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪdʒ
phonetics_text: reɪdʒ
example:
her face was distorted with rage|a rage for absolute honesty informs much western art|the sound of the rage filled the campus

synonyms:
temper|fit of rage/fury/anger/temper|fit of bad/ill temper|towering rage|bad temper|pet|fit of pique|tantrum|fury|frenzy of rage/anger|rampage|paroxysm of rage/anger|passion|bad mood|mood|mard|grump|strop|state|blowout|hissy fit|bate|wax|skid|paddywhack

origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘madness’): from Old French rage (noun), rager (verb), from a variant of Latin rabies (see rabies).


word: RAGGA
russian_word: рагга
origin: 1990s: from ragamuffin, because of the style of clothing worn by its followers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraɡə
phonetics_text: ˈraɡə
definition:
a style of dance music originating in Jamaica and derived from reggae, in which a DJ improvises lyrics over a sampled or electronic backing track.


word: RAGGED
russian_word: рваный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈraɡɪd
phonetics_text: ˈraɡɪd
example:
a rough-looking man wearing ragged clothes|a ragged coastline|the ragged discipline of the players|he looked a little ragged, a little shadowy beneath the eyes

definition:
(of cloth or clothes) old and torn.|having an irregular or uneven surface, edge, or outline.|lacking finish, smoothness, or uniformity.|suffering from exhaustion or stress.

synonyms:
tattered|in tatters|torn|ripped|split|in holes|holey|moth-eaten|frayed|worn|worn out|well worn|worn to shreds|falling to pieces|threadbare|the worse for wear|patched|scruffy|shabby|decrepit|old|tatty|rent

origin:
Middle English: of Scandinavian origin; compare with Old Norse rǫgvathr ‘tufted’ and Norwegian ragget ‘shaggy’.


word: RAGING
russian_word: яростный
example: a raging bull
definition: showing rage.
antonyms: calm|placid
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪdʒɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdʒɪŋ
synonyms:
angry|furious|enraged|incensed|infuriated|irate|wrathful|seething|fuming|blazing|flaming mad|blazing mad|mad|ranting|raving|beside oneself|livid|wild|waxy


word: RAGLAN
russian_word: реглан
example: raglan sleeves
origin: mid 19th century: named after Lord Raglan (1788–1855), a British commander in the Crimean War.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈraɡlən
phonetics_text: ˈraɡlən
definition:
having or denoting sleeves that continue in one piece up to the neck of a garment, without a shoulder seam.


word: RAGTIME
russian_word: рэгтайм
example: ragtime piano classics
origin: probably from rag4 (from the syncopation) + time.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈraɡtʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈraɡtʌɪm
definition:
a kind of music evolved by black American musicians in the 1890s and played especially on the piano, characterized by a syncopated melodic line and regularly accented accompaniment.


word: RAGWEED
russian_word: амброзия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraɡwiːd
phonetics_text: ˈraɡwiːd
definition:
a North American plant of the daisy family. Its tiny green flowers produce copious amounts of pollen, making it a major causative agent of hay fever in some areas.


word: RAGWORT
russian_word: крестовник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraɡwəːt
phonetics_text: ˈraɡwəːt
definition:
a yellow-flowered ragged-leaved European plant of the daisy family, which is a common weed of grazing land and is toxic to livestock.


word: RAI
russian_word: рай
example: Algeria's rai music
definition: a style of music fusing Arabic and Algerian folk elements with Western rock.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɪ
phonetics_text: rʌɪ
origin:
1980s: perhaps from Arabic ha er-ray, literally ‘that's the thinking, here is the view’, a phrase frequently found in the songs.


word: RAID
russian_word: рейд
example: a bombing raid
definition: a rapid surprise attack on an enemy by troops, aircraft, or other armed forces.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪd
phonetics_text: reɪd
synonyms:
surprise attack|hit-and-run raid|tip-and-run raid|assault|descent|blitz|incursion|foray|sortie|sally|inroad|onslaught|onrush|storming|charge|thrust|offensive|invasion|blitzkrieg|razzia

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): Scots variant of road in the early senses ‘journey on horseback’, ‘foray’. The noun became rare from the end of the 16th century but was revived by Sir Walter Scott; the verb dates from the mid 19th century.


word: RAIDER
russian_word: рейдер
example: Scandinavian raiders put down their roots in Cumbria
definition: a person who attacks an enemy in their territory; a marauder.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪdə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪdə
synonyms:
attacker|assailant|robber|burglar|thief|housebreaker|plunderer|pillager|looter|marauder|ransacker|sacker|invader|holdupper|reaver


word: RAIL
russian_word: рельс
origin: Middle English: from Old French reille ‘iron rod’, from Latin regula ‘straight stick, rule’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪl
phonetics_text: reɪl
example:
a curtain rail|the goods train left the rails|the anode must be connected to the positive supply rail

definition:
a bar or series of bars fixed on upright supports or attached to a wall or ceiling, serving as part of a barrier or used to hang things on.|a steel bar or continuous line of bars laid on the ground as one of a pair forming a railway track.|the edge of a surfboard or sailboard.|a horizontal piece in the frame of a panelled door or sash window.|a conductor which is maintained at a fixed potential and to which other parts of a circuit are connected.


word: RAILLERY
russian_word: подшучивание
example: she was greeted with raillery from her fellow workers
definition: good-humoured teasing.
origin: mid 17th century: from French raillerie, from railler ‘to rail’ (see rail2).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪləri
phonetics_text: ˈreɪləri
synonyms:
teasing|good-humoured mockery|chaff|banter|ragging|badinage|japing|leg-pulling|ribbing|joshing|kidding|kidology|josh|persiflage


word: RAILROAD
russian_word: железная дорога
example: his uncle works on the railroad|the Union Pacific Railroad
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈreɪlrəʊd
phonetics_text: ˈreɪlrəʊd
definition:
a track or set of tracks made of steel rails along which passenger and freight trains run; a railway.|a system of tracks with the trains, organization, and personnel required for its working.


word: RAILWAY
russian_word: железнодорожный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪlweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪlweɪ
example:
services were disrupted after an eight-year-old boy was spotted trespassing on the railway|the carriage of freight on the railways

definition:
a track made of steel rails along which trains run.|a network of tracks with the trains, organization, and personnel required for its working.


word: RAILWAY YARD
russian_word: сортировочная станция
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an area consisting of a network of railway tracks, sidings, and sheds for storing, maintaining, and joining engines and carriages.


word: RAIN
russian_word: дождь
example: the rain had not stopped for days
definition: the condensed moisture of the atmosphere falling visibly in separate drops.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪn
phonetics_text: reɪn
synonyms:
rainfall|precipitation|raindrops|rainwater|wet weather|the wet|a fall of rain|sprinkle|drizzle|mizzle|Scotch mist|shower|rainstorm|cloudburst|torrent|downpour|deluge|squall|thunderstorm

origin:
Old English regn (noun), regnian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch regen and German Regen .


word: RAINBOW
russian_word: радуга
example: all the colours of the rainbow
origin: Old English regnboga (see rain, bow1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪnbəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪnbəʊ
definition:
an arch of colours visible in the sky, caused by the refraction and dispersion of the sun's light by rain or other water droplets in the atmosphere. The colours of the rainbow are generally said to be red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.


word: RAINFOREST
russian_word: Тропические леса
example: save the rainforests
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪnfɒrɪst
phonetics_text: ˈreɪnfɒrɪst
definition:
a luxuriant, dense forest rich in biodiversity, found typically in tropical areas with consistently heavy rainfall.


word: RAINMAKER
russian_word: колдун, насылающий дождь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪnmeɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪnmeɪkə
definition:
a person who attempts to cause rain to fall, either by rituals or by a scientific technique such as seeding clouds with crystals.|a person who generates income for a business or organization by brokering deals or attracting clients or funds.


word: RAISE
russian_word: поднимать
antonyms: lower|reduce
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse reisa ; related to the verb rear2.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: reɪz
phonetics_text: reɪz
example:
she raised both arms above her head|the bank raised interest rates|the alarm was raised when he failed to return home|it is hoped that the event will raise £50,000|he was born and raised in San Francisco|God raised Jesus from the dead|in late April Henry decided to raise the siege|they raised the low coast by evening|monoclonal antibodies raised against human lymphocytes

definition:
lift or move to a higher position or level.|increase the amount, level, or strength of.|cause to occur or to be considered.|collect, levy, or bring together (money or resources).|bring up (a child).|bring (someone) back from death.|abandon or force an enemy to abandon (a siege, blockade, or embargo).|(of someone at sea) come in sight of (land or another ship).|stimulate production of (an antiserum, antibody, or other biologically active substance) against the appropriate target cell or substance.

synonyms:
lift|lift up|raise aloft|elevate|uplift|upraise|hoist|haul up|heave up|lever up|hitch up|take up|hoick up|upheave|uprear|upthrust


word: RAISED
russian_word: поднятый
definition: elevated to a higher position or level; lifted.|more intense or strong than usual; higher.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: reɪzd
phonetics_text: reɪzd
example:
the lord and his family ate on a raised platform at one end of the hall|a neighbour heard raised voices from the women's flat


word: RAISER
russian_word: рейзер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪzə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪzə
example:
the visit had been a morale raiser for his crew|my parents are simple cattle raisers|an adjustable toilet seat raiser|the original raiser hesitated and checked

definition:
a thing that increases the amount, level, or strength of something.|a person who breeds or grows animals or plants.|something which lifts or moves an object to a higher position or level.|(in poker or brag) a person who bets a specified amount more than another player.


word: RAKE
russian_word: грабли
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪk
phonetics_text: reɪk
definition:
an implement consisting of a pole with a toothed crossbar or fine tines at the end, used especially for drawing together cut grass or smoothing loose soil or gravel.

origin:
Old English raca, racu, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch raak and German Rechen, from a base meaning ‘heap up’; the verb is partly from Old Norse raka ‘to scrape, shave’.


word: RAKEHELL
russian_word: развратник
example: her dissolute rakehell of a son, Sir Felix
definition: a fashionable or wealthy man of immoral or promiscuous habits.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪkhɛl
phonetics_text: ˈreɪkhɛl
origin:
mid 16th century: from the old expression to rake hell, meaning ‘to search through hell’ (to find such a bad man).


word: RAKE IN
russian_word: загребать
example: the shop's raking it in now
definition: make a lot of money.
synonyms:
earn|make|get|gain|get paid|obtain|acquire|accumulate|bring in|gather in|pull in|haul in|pocket|realize|make a profit of|fetch|return|yield|raise|clear|net|gross


word: RAKE-OFF
russian_word: комиссионные
example: corrupt officials have more chance of a rake-off when expensive goods are involved
definition: a commission or share of the profits from a deal, especially one that is disreputable.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
share|cut|percentage|dividend|commission|portion|part|half|ration|allocation|allotment|measure|apportionment|whack|slice of the cake|piece of the action


word: RAKE UP
russian_word: сгребать
example: I don't see the point in raking up the past
definition: revive the memory of an incident or period that is best forgotten.
synonyms:
remind people of|revive the memory of|recollect|remember|call to mind|drag up|dredge up|speak out about


word: RAKISH
russian_word: лихой
example: he had a rakish, debonair look
definition: having or displaying a dashing, jaunty, or slightly disreputable quality or appearance.
origin: late 17th century: from rake2 + -ish1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪkɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪkɪʃ
synonyms:
dashing|debonair|sporty|jaunty|devil-may-care|breezy|stylish|fashionable|dapper|spruce|raffish|disreputable|louche|sharp


word: RALLY
russian_word: ралли
antonyms: disperse
synonyms: reassemble|regroup|re-form|reunite|gather together again|get together again|round up
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrali
phonetics_text: ˈrali
example:
De Montfort's troops rallied and drove back the king's infantry|he floundered for a moment, then rallied again|we're driving off to Spain to rally

definition:
(of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion.|recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise.|drive in a rally.

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘bring together again’): from French rallier, from re- ‘again’ + allier ‘to ally’.


word: RALLYING
russian_word: сплочение
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈralɪɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈralɪɪŋ
example:
the rallying of public opinion in support of these objectives|established names in international rallying

definition:
the action or process of coming together to support a person or cause.|the sport or action of participating in a motor rally.


word: RAM
russian_word: баран
origin: Old English ram(m), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch ram .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ram
phonetics_text: ram
definition:
an uncastrated male sheep.|a battering ram.|the falling weight of a piledriving machine.|a hydraulic water-raising or lifting machine.


word: RAMBLE
russian_word: бродить
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈramb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈramb(ə)l
example:
I spent most of my spare time rambling and climbing|Willy rambled on about Norman archways|roses climbed, rambled, hung over walls

definition:
walk for pleasure in the countryside.|talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way.|(of a plant) put out long shoots and grow over walls or other plants.

synonyms:
walk|take a walk|go for a walk|hike|tramp|backpack|trek|wander|stroll|saunter|amble|drift|roam|range|rove|traipse|jaunt|stravaig|mosey|tootle|pootle|vagabond|perambulate|peregrinate

origin:
late Middle English (in ramble (sense 2 of the verb)): probably related to Middle Dutch rammelen, used of animals in the sense ‘wander about on heat’, also to the noun ram.


word: RAMBLING
russian_word: бессвязный
example: a rambling six-hour speech|rambling roses
antonyms: concise|pithy
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈramblɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈramblɪŋ
definition:
(of writing or speech) lengthy and confused or inconsequential.|(of a plant) putting out long shoots and growing over walls or other plants.

synonyms:
long-winded|garrulous|verbose|wordy|prolix|digressive|wandering|maundering|roundabout|circuitous|diffuse|discursive|circumlocutory|oblique|periphrastic|disconnected|disjointed|ill-thought-out|incoherent|illogical


word: RAMBOUILLET
russian_word: Рамбуйе
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrambəleɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrambəleɪ|ˈrɒmbuːjeɪ
definition:
a sheep of a hardy breed developed from the Spanish merino but bred elsewhere for its meat and its heavy fleece of fine wool.

origin:
early 19th century: from Rambouillet, a town in northern France, the site of a sheep farm founded by Louis XVI.


word: RAMBUNCTIOUS
russian_word: раздражительный
example: a rambunctious tyke
definition: uncontrollably exuberant; boisterous.
antonyms: restrained|quiet
origin: mid 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ramˈbʌŋ(k)ʃəs
phonetics_text: ramˈbʌŋ(k)ʃəs
synonyms:
boisterous|unrestrained|irrepressible|exuberant|uproarious|rollicking|roisterous|rackety|noisy|loud|clamorous|unruly|disorderly|rowdy|badly behaved|riotous|undisciplined|ill-disciplined|unmanageable|uncontrollable|ungovernable|uncontrolled|obstreperous|disruptive|wild|rough|rumbustious|rampageous|robustious


word: RAMBUTAN
russian_word: нефелиум
origin: early 18th century: from Malay rambūtan, from rambut ‘hair’, with allusion to the fruit's spines.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ramˈb(j)uːt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ramˈb(j)uːt(ə)n
definition:
a red, plum-sized tropical fruit with soft spines and a slightly acidic taste.|the Malaysian tree that bears the rambutan.


word: RAMEKIN
russian_word: порционный горшочек
definition: a small dish for baking and serving an individual portion of food.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈramɪkɪn
phonetics_text: ˈramɪkɪn|ˈramkɪn
origin:
mid 17th century: from French ramequin, of Low German or Dutch origin; compare with obsolete Flemish rameken ‘toasted bread’.


word: RAMIE
russian_word: рами
origin: mid 19th century: from Malay rami .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrami
phonetics_text: ˈrami
definition:
a vegetable fibre noted for its length and toughness.|the plant of the nettle family which yields ramie, native to tropical Asia.


word: RAMIFICATION
russian_word: ветвление
example: any change is bound to have legal ramifications
definition: a complex or unwelcome consequence of an action or event.
origin: mid 17th century: from French, from ramifier ‘form branches’ (see ramify).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌramɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌramɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
consequence|result|aftermath|outcome|effect|upshot|issue|sequel|complication|development|implication|product|by-product|outgrowth|spin-off


word: RAMIFY
russian_word: разветвляться
example: the shrub ramifies almost from the base and can grow 1 to 3 metres high
definition: form branches or offshoots.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈramɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈramɪfʌɪ
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ramifier, from medieval Latin ramificare, from Latin ramus ‘branch’.


word: RAMJET
russian_word: прямоточный воздушно-реактивный двигатель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈramdʒɛt
phonetics_text: ˈramdʒɛt
definition:
a type of jet engine in which the air drawn in for combustion is compressed solely by the forward motion of the aircraft.


word: RAMP
russian_word: скат
example: a wheelchair ramp|a voltage ramp|the Stock Exchange is investigating two blatant share ramps
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ramp
phonetics_text: ramp
definition:
a sloping surface joining two different levels, as at the entrance or between floors of a building.|an upward bend in a stair rail.|an electrical waveform in which the voltage increases or decreases linearly with time.|a swindle, especially one involving a fraudulent increase of the price of a share.

synonyms:
slope|sloping surface|bank|incline|inclined plane|gradient|grade|tilt|angle|rise|ascent|acclivity|drop|descent|declivity

origin:
Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘rear up’, also used as a heraldic term): from Old French ramper ‘creep, crawl’, of unknown origin. Sense 1 of the noun dates from the late 18th century.


word: RAMPAGE
russian_word: буйство
example: several thousand demonstrators rampaged through the city
synonyms: rush wildly/madly|riot|run riot|go on the rampage|run amok|go berserk|storm|charge|tear|rave|steam
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: late 17th century: perhaps based on the verb ramp and the noun rage.
definition:
(especially of a large group of people) move through a place in a violent and uncontrollable manner.


word: RAMPANT
russian_word: безудержный
example: political violence was rampant|two gold lions rampant
antonyms: controlled|under control
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈramp(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈramp(ə)nt
definition:
(especially of something unwelcome) flourishing or spreading unchecked.|(of an animal) represented standing on one hind foot with its forefeet in the air (typically in profile, facing the dexter side, with right hind foot and tail raised).

synonyms:
uncontrolled|unrestrained|unchecked|unbridled|widespread|pandemic|epidemic|pervasive|out of control|out of hand|rife|spreading like wildfire

origin:
Middle English (as a heraldic term): from Old French, literally ‘crawling’, present participle of ramper (see ramp). From the original use describing a wild animal arose the sense ‘fierce’, whence the current notion of ‘unrestrained’.


word: RAMPART
russian_word: вал
example: a castle with ramparts and a moat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrampɑːt
phonetics_text: ˈrampɑːt
definition:
a defensive wall of a castle or walled city, having a broad top with a walkway and typically a stone parapet.

synonyms:
defensive wall|embankment|earthwork|parapet|breastwork|battlement|stockade|palisade|bulwark|bastion|barbican|outwork|fortification|vallum|bartizan|circumvallation

origin:
late 16th century: from French rempart, from remparer ‘fortify, take possession of again’, based on Latin ante ‘before’ + parare ‘prepare’.


word: RAMPION
russian_word: колокольчик-рапунцель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrampɪən
phonetics_text: ˈrampɪən
definition:
a Eurasian plant of the bellflower family, some kinds of which have a root that can be eaten in salads.

origin:
late 16th century: from a variant of medieval Latin rapuncium ; compare with German Rapunzel ‘lamb's lettuce’.


word: RAMROD
russian_word: шомпол
example: he was ramrod for the construction of the Apollo command module
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈramrɒd
phonetics_text: ˈramrɒd
definition:
a rod for ramming down the charge of a muzzle-loading firearm.|a foreman or manager, especially one who is a strict disciplinarian.


word: RAMSHACKLE
russian_word: ветхий
example: a ramshackle cottage
definition: (especially of a house or vehicle) in a state of severe disrepair.
antonyms: well maintained|sturdy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈramʃak(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈramʃak(ə)l
synonyms:
tumbledown|dilapidated|derelict|ruinous|falling to pieces|decrepit|neglected|gone to rack and ruin|run down|crumbling|decaying|disintegrating|rickety|shaky|unsteady|broken down|unsound|unsafe|shambly|geriatric|shacky|rumpty

origin:
early 19th century (originally dialect in the sense ‘irregular, disorderly’): alteration of earlier ramshackled, altered form of obsolete ransackled ‘ransacked’.


word: RAMSONS
russian_word: черемша
origin: Old English hramsan, plural of hramsa ‘wild garlic’, later interpreted as singular.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrams(ə)nz
phonetics_text: ˈrams(ə)nz
definition:
a Eurasian woodland plant with broad shiny leaves and round heads of white flowers, producing a strong aroma of garlic.


word: RAMUS
russian_word: ветвь
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘branch’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪməs
phonetics_text: ˈreɪməs
definition:
an arm or branch of a bone, in particular those of the ischium and pubes or of the jawbone.|a structure in an invertebrate that has the form of a projecting arm, typically one of two or more that are conjoined or adjacent.


word: RANCH
russian_word: ранчо
example: a beef cattle ranch
origin: early 19th century: from Spanish rancho ‘group of persons eating together’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɑːn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: rɑːn(t)ʃ
definition:
a large farm, especially in North America or Australia, where cattle or other animals are bred.|a type of thick white salad dressing made with sour cream or buttermilk.


word: RANCID
russian_word: прогорклый
example: rancid meat
definition: (of foods containing fat or oil) smelling or tasting unpleasant as a result of being old and stale.
antonyms: fresh
origin: early 17th century: from Latin rancidus ‘stinking’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈransɪd
phonetics_text: ˈransɪd
synonyms:
sour|stale|turned|rank|putrid|foul|rotten|bad|off|old|tainted|gamy|high|fetid|stinking|malodorous|foul-smelling|evil-smelling|unpleasant|noxious|revolting|nasty|sickening|offensive|noisome|mephitic|miasmic|miasmal|olid


word: RANCOROUS
russian_word: злобный
example: sixteen miserable months of rancorous disputes
definition: characterized by bitterness or resentment.
antonyms: amicable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈraŋk(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˈraŋk(ə)rəs
synonyms:
bitter|spiteful|hateful|resentful|acrimonious|malicious|malevolent|malign|malignant|hostile|antipathetic|venomous|poisonous|vindictive|evil-intentioned|ill-natured|baleful|vengeful|vitriolic|virulent|pernicious|mean|nasty|bitchy|catty|malefic|maleficent


word: RANCOUR
russian_word: злопамятность
example: he spoke without rancour
definition: bitterness or resentfulness, especially when long standing.
antonyms: amicability
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈraŋkə
synonyms:
bitterness|spite|hate|hatred|resentment|malice|ill will|malevolence|malignancy|animosity|antipathy|enmity|hostility|acrimony|venom|poison|vindictiveness|balefulness|vengefulness|vitriol|virulence|perniciousness|meanness|nastiness|bitchiness|cattiness|maleficence

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from late Latin rancor ‘rankness’ (in the Vulgate ‘bitter grudge’), related to Latin rancidus ‘stinking’.


word: RAND
russian_word: рант
definition: the basic monetary unit of South Africa, equal to 100 cents.|a long rocky ridge.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rand
phonetics_text: rand|rɑːnt
origin:
sense 1 is from the Rand, the name of a goldfield district near Johannesburg; sense 2 is from Afrikaans, literally ‘edge’ (related to rand2).


word: RANDOM
russian_word: случайный
example: apparently random violence|are you going to take some random guy on Twitter's word?
definition: made, done, or happening without method or conscious decision.|unfamiliar or unspecified.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrandəm
phonetics_text: ˈrandəm
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘impetuous headlong rush’): from Old French randon ‘great speed’, from randir ‘gallop’, from a Germanic root shared by rand2.


word: RANDOMNESS
russian_word: хаотичность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrandəmnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrandəmnəs
example:
we accept randomness in our own lives but we crave logic in art|we tease her for her complete randomness

definition:
the quality or state of lacking a pattern or principle of organization; unpredictability.|oddness or eccentricity.


word: RANGE
russian_word: диапазон
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪn(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: reɪn(d)ʒ
example:
the cost will be in the range of $1–5 million a day|the area offers a wide range of activities for the tourist|something lurked just beyond her range of vision|a mountain range|on dude ranches, tourists put on crisp new western gear to ride the range|a wood-burning kitchen range|Townesend's Durham quadrangle range at Trinity College|the range of the hills and valleys is nearly from north to south

definition:
the area of variation between upper and lower limits on a particular scale.|a set of different things of the same general type.|the distance within which a person can see or hear.|a line or series of mountains or hills.|a large area of open land for grazing or hunting.|a large cooking stove with burners or hotplates and one or more ovens, all of which are kept continually hot.|a row of buildings.|the direction or position in which something lies.

synonyms:
span|scope|compass|radius|scale|gamut|reach|sweep|extent|area|field|orbit|ambit|province|realm|domain|horizon|latitude|limits|bounds|confines|parameters|vary|fluctuate|differ|extend|stretch|cover|go|run|pass

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘line of people or animals’): from Old French range ‘row, rank’, from rangier ‘put in order’, from rang ‘rank’. Early usage also included the notion of ‘movement over an area’.


word: RANGER
russian_word: рейнджер
example: park rangers|rangers of the mountains
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪn(d)ʒə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪn(d)ʒə
definition:
a keeper of a park, forest, or area of countryside.|a member of a body of armed men.|a member of the senior branch of the Guides.|a person or thing that wanders over a particular area.


word: RANGY
russian_word: стройный
example: a pale, rangy boy in his late teens|rangy pasture filled with horses and cattle
antonyms: stocky
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪn(d)ʒi
phonetics_text: ˈreɪn(d)ʒi
definition:
(of a person) tall and slim with long, slender limbs.|(of a place) having room for ranging; expansive or spacious.

synonyms:
long-legged|long-limbed|leggy|tall|slender|slim|lean|thin|gangling|gangly|lanky|spindly|skinny|size-zero|spare|scrawny|bony|gaunt


word: RANK
russian_word: разряд
synonyms: row|line|file|column|series|succession|string|train|procession|queue
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: raŋk
phonetics_text: raŋk
example:
an army officer of high rank|they were drawn up outside their barracks in long ranks|the ranks of Britain's unemployed

definition:
a position in the hierarchy of the armed forces.|a single line of soldiers or police officers drawn up abreast.|the people belonging to or constituting a group or class.|the value or the order of the largest non-zero determinant of a given matrix.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘row of things’): from Old French ranc, of Germanic origin; related to ring1.


word: RANKLE
russian_word: терзать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈraŋk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈraŋk(ə)l
example:
the casual manner of his dismissal still rankles|the wound is but skinned over and rankles still at the bottom

definition:
(of a comment or fact) cause continuing annoyance or resentment.|(of a wound or sore) continue to be painful; fester.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French rancler, from rancle, draoncle ‘festering sore’, from an alteration of medieval Latin dracunculus, diminutive of draco ‘serpent’.


word: RANSACK
russian_word: разграбить
example: burglars ransacked her home
definition: go through (a place) stealing things and causing damage.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈransak
phonetics_text: ˈransak
synonyms:
plunder|pillage|steal from|raid|rob|loot|rifle|sack|strip|denude|ravage|maraud|lay waste|devastate|despoil|reave|depredate|spoliate

origin:
Middle English: from Old Norse rannsaka, from rann ‘house’ + a second element related to sœkja ‘seek’.


word: RANSOM
russian_word: выкуп
example: the kidnappers demanded a ransom
definition: a sum of money demanded or paid for the release of a captive.
synonyms: pay-off|payment|price
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrans(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈrans(ə)m
origin:
Middle English: from Old French ransoun (noun), ransouner (verb), from Latin redemptio(n- ) ‘ransoming, releasing’ (see redemption). Early use also occurred in theological contexts expressing ‘deliverance’ and ‘atonement’.


word: RANT
russian_word: декламация
example: she was still ranting on about the unfairness of it all
definition: speak or shout at length in an angry, impassioned way.
origin: late 16th century (in the sense ‘behave boisterously’): from Dutch ranten ‘talk nonsense, rave’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rant
phonetics_text: rant
synonyms:
hold forth|go on and on|deliver a tirade|rant and rave|fulminate|sound off|spout|pontificate|trumpet|bluster|declaim|shout|yell|roar|bellow|mouth off|vociferate


word: RANTER
russian_word: пустослов
example: Sunday afternoon ranters at Speaker's Corner
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrantə
phonetics_text: ˈrantə
definition:
a person who rants.|a member of an antinomian Christian sect in England during the mid 17th century which denied the authority of scripture and clergy.


word: RANUNCULUS
russian_word: лютик
origin: modern Latin, from Latin, literally ‘little frog’, diminutive of rana .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈnʌŋkjʊləs
phonetics_text: rəˈnʌŋkjʊləs
definition:
a temperate plant of a genus that includes the buttercups and water crowfoots, typically having yellow or white bowl-shaped flowers and lobed or toothed leaves.


word: RAP
russian_word: рэп
synonyms: hit|strike|bang|thump|knock|whack|thwack|bash|wallop|smite
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rap
phonetics_text: rap
example:
he stood up and rapped the table|we could be here all night rapping about spiritualism|he raps under the name of Mr T

definition:
strike (a hard surface) with a series of rapid audible blows, especially in order to attract attention.|talk or chat in an easy and familiar manner.|perform rap music.

origin:
Middle English (originally in the senses ‘severe blow with a weapon’ and ‘deliver a heavy blow’): probably imitative and of Scandinavian origin; compare with Swedish rappa ‘beat, drub’, also with clap1 and flap.


word: RAPACIOUS
russian_word: хищный
example: rapacious landlords
definition: aggressively greedy or grasping.
antonyms: generous
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin rapax, rapac- (from rapere ‘to snatch’) + -ious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rəˈpeɪʃəs
phonetics_text: rəˈpeɪʃəs
synonyms:
grasping|greedy|avaricious|acquisitive|covetous|mercenary|materialistic|insatiable|predatory|voracious|usurious|extortionate|money-grubbing|grabby


word: RAPACITY
russian_word: жадность
example: the rapacity of landowners seeking greater profit from their property
definition: aggressive greed.
antonyms: unselfishness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈpasɪti
phonetics_text: rəˈpasɪti
synonyms:
greed|avarice|rapaciousness|acquisitiveness|covetousness|materialism|predatoriness|voracity|voraciousness|graspingness|mercenariness|usury|extortion


word: RAPHE
russian_word: шов
origin: mid 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek rhaphē ‘seam’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪfi
phonetics_text: ˈreɪfi
definition:
a groove, ridge, or seam in an organ or tissue, typically marking the line where two halves fused in the embryo.|a longitudinal ridge on the side of certain ovules or seeds.


word: RAPID
russian_word: быстрый
example: the country's rapid economic decline
definition: happening in a short time or at a great rate.
antonyms: slow|leisurely
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin rapidus, from rapere ‘take by force’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrapɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrapɪd
synonyms:
quick|fast|swift|speedy|high-speed|expeditious|express|brisk|lively|prompt|flying|fleeting|lightning|meteoric|overnight|whirlwind|fast-track|whistle-stop|sudden|instantaneous|immediate|instant|hurried|hasty|abrupt|sharp|precipitate|breakneck|headlong|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|fleet|alacritous|volant


word: RAPIDITY
russian_word: быстрота
example: the fish sank into the sand with such rapidity that it must be seen to be believed
definition: the quality of moving or reacting with great speed.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈpɪdɪti
phonetics_text: rəˈpɪdɪti
synonyms:
quickness|swiftness|speed|speediness|briskness|expeditiousness|alacrity|dispatch|velocity|promptness|promptitude|suddenness|immediacy|instantaneousness|hurriedness|haste|hastiness|abruptness|precipitateness|fleetness|celerity


word: RAPIDLY
russian_word: быстро
example: the business is expanding rapidly
definition: very quickly; at a great rate.
antonyms: slowly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈrapɪdli
phonetics_text: ˈrapɪdli
synonyms:
quickly|fast|swiftly|speedily|at (full) speed|at the speed of light|post-haste|hotfoot|at full tilt|at a gallop|expeditiously|briskly|promptly|hurriedly|in a hurry|fast and furious|hastily|in haste|in a rush|precipitately|abruptly|like a shot|double quick|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|in a flash|hell for leather|at warp speed|pronto|at the double|like a bat out of hell|like (greased) lightning|like a madman/madwoman|like mad|like crazy|like blazes|like a streak|like the wind|like a bomb|like nobody's business|like a scalded cat|like the deuce|a mile a minute|before one can say knife|like the clappers|at a rate of knots|like billy-o|lickety-split|apace


word: RAPIER
russian_word: рапира
definition: a thin, light sharp-pointed sword used for thrusting.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪpɪə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪpɪə
origin:
early 16th century: from French rapière, from râpe ‘rasp, grater’ (because the perforated hilt resembles a rasp or grater).


word: RAPPEL
russian_word: альпинизм
example: they had to rappel down a long steep ice face
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: raˈpɛl
phonetics_text: raˈpɛl
definition:
descend a rock face or other near-vertical surface by using a doubled rope coiled around the body and fixed at a higher point; abseil.

origin:
1930s: from French, literally ‘a recalling’, from rappeler in the sense ‘bring back to oneself’ (with reference to the rope manoeuvre).


word: RAPPEN
russian_word: раппен
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrap(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈrap(ə)n
definition:
a monetary unit in the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland and in Liechtenstein, equal to one hundredth of the Swiss franc.

origin:
from German Rappe ‘raven’, with reference to the depiction of the head of a raven on a medieval coin.


word: RAPPORT
russian_word: связь
example: she was able to establish a good rapport with the children
origin: mid 17th century: French, from rapporter ‘bring back’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: raˈpɔː
phonetics_text: raˈpɔː
definition:
a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas and communicate well.

synonyms:
affinity|close/special relationship|(mutual) understanding|bond|empathy|harmony|sympathy|link|accord


word: RAPPROCHEMENT
russian_word: сближение
example: there were signs of a growing rapprochement between the two countries
definition: (especially in international affairs) an establishment or resumption of harmonious relations.
origin: French, from rapprocher, from re- (expressing intensive force) + approcher ‘to approach’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: raˈprɒʃmɒ̃
phonetics_text: raˈprɒʃmɒ̃
synonyms:
reconciliation|increased understanding|detente|restoration of harmony|agreement|cooperation|harmonization|softening


word: RAPT
russian_word: восхищенный
example: a rapt teenage audience|he was rapt on high
antonyms: uninterested|inattentive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rapt
phonetics_text: rapt
definition:
completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or hearing.|having been carried away bodily or transported to heaven.

synonyms:
fascinated|enthralled|spellbound|captivated|riveted|gripped|mesmerized|enchanted|entranced|charmed|bewitched|transported|enraptured|thrilled|ecstatic|rapturous|blissed out

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘transported by religious feeling’): from Latin raptus ‘seized’, past participle of rapere .


word: RAPTURE
russian_word: восторг
antonyms: boredom|indifference
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈraptʃə
phonetics_text: ˈraptʃə
example:
Leonora listened with rapture|thousands of Christians gathered outside Rochester and other cities, awaiting the Rapture

definition:
a feeling of intense pleasure or joy.|(according to some millenarian teaching) the transporting of believers to heaven at the Second Coming of Christ.

synonyms:
ecstasy|bliss|euphoria|elation|exaltation|joy|joyfulness|joyousness|cloud nine|seventh heaven|transport|rhapsody|enchantment|delight|exhilaration|happiness|pleasure|ravishment|the top of the world|delectation

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘seizing and carrying off’): from obsolete French, or from medieval Latin raptura ‘seizing’, partly influenced by rapt.


word: RAPTUROUS
russian_word: восторженный
example: he was greeted with rapturous applause
definition: characterized by, feeling, or expressing great pleasure or enthusiasm.
antonyms: bored|indifferent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈraptʃərəs
phonetics_text: ˈraptʃərəs
synonyms:
ecstatic|joyful|joyous|elated|euphoric|enraptured|on cloud nine|in seventh heaven|transported|in transports|in raptures|rhapsodic|ravished|enchanted|enthusiastic|delighted|thrilled|overjoyed|blissful|happy|over the moon|on top of the world|blissed out|wrapped


word: RARE
russian_word: редкий
example: a rare genetic disorder
definition: (of an event, situation, or condition) not occurring very often.
antonyms: common|frequent
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘widely spaced, infrequent’): from Latin rarus .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɛː
phonetics_text: rɛː
synonyms:
infrequent|few and far between|scarce|sparse|scattered|thin on the ground|golden|like gold dust|as scarce as hen's teeth|occasional|limited|odd|isolated|sporadic|intermittent|unaccustomed|unwonted|out of the common


word: RAREBIT
russian_word: гренки с сыром
definition: a dish of melted and seasoned cheese on toast, sometimes with other ingredients.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛːbɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛːbɪt
origin:
late 18th century: alteration of rabbit in Welsh rabbit; the reason for the use of the term rabbit is unknown.


word: RAREFACTION
russian_word: разрежение
example: opposed processes such as rarefaction and condensation
definition: reduction in the density of something, especially air or a gas.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛːrɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛːrɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin rarefactio(n- ), from the verb rarefacere ‘grow thin, become rare’.


word: RAREFIED
russian_word: разреженный
antonyms: commonplace
synonyms: esoteric|exclusive|select|private|cliquish|elevated|exalted|lofty
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛːrɪfʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛːrɪfʌɪd
example:
every ounce carried counts triple when you're trudging uphill in rarefied air|rarefied scholarly pursuits

definition:
(of air, especially that at high altitudes) of lower pressure than usual; thin.|distant from the lives and concerns of ordinary people; esoteric.


word: RAREFY
russian_word: разрежать
example: air rarefies and degrounds the physical body
definition: make or become less dense or solid.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛːrɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛːrɪfʌɪ
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French rarefier, or medieval Latin rareficare, based on Latin rarus ‘rare’ + facere ‘make’.


word: RARELY
russian_word: редко
example: I rarely drive above 50 mph|you can write rarely now, after all your schooling
definition: not often; seldom.|remarkably well.
antonyms: often|frequently
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈrɛːli
phonetics_text: ˈrɛːli
synonyms:
seldom|infrequently|on rare occasions|hardly ever|scarcely ever|hardly|scarcely|almost never|once in a while|only now and then|not often|only occasionally|sporadically|once in a blue moon


word: RARING
russian_word: нетерпеливость
example: she was raring to get back to her work
definition: very enthusiastic and eager to do something.
origin: 1920s: present participle of rare, dialect variant of roar or rear2.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛːrɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛːrɪŋ
synonyms:
eager|keen|enthusiastic|full of enthusiasm|impatient|longing|champing/chafing at the bit|desperate|ready|willing|dying|itching|gagging


word: RASCAL
russian_word: мошенник
example: a lovable rascal
definition: a mischievous or cheeky person, especially a child or man (typically used in an affectionate way).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɑːsk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɑːsk(ə)l
synonyms:
scallywag|scamp|devil|imp|monkey|mischievous person|mischief-maker|wretch|horror|monster|perisher|spalpeen|tyke|scally|varmint|hellion|rip|rapscallion|scapegrace|scoundrel|rogue|ne'er-do-well|good-for-nothing|reprobate|villain|rat|scrote|rotter|bounder|cad|miscreant|blackguard|knave|vagabond|varlet|wastrel

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘a mob’ and ‘member of the rabble’): from Old French rascaille ‘rabble’, of uncertain origin.


word: RASCASSE
russian_word: Раскасс
origin: 1920s: from French.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rasˈkas
phonetics_text: rasˈkas
definition:
a small scorpionfish with brick-red skin and spiny fins, found chiefly in the Mediterranean and used as an ingredient of bouillabaisse.


word: RASH
russian_word: сыпь
example: it would be extremely rash to make such an assumption
definition: acting or done without careful consideration of the possible consequences; impetuous.
antonyms: careful|cautious|prudent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: raʃ
phonetics_text: raʃ
synonyms:
reckless|impetuous|impulsive|hasty|overhasty|foolhardy|incautious|precipitate|precipitous|premature|careless|heedless|thoughtless|imprudent|foolish|headstrong|adventurous|over-adventurous|hot-headed|daredevil|devil-may-care|overbold|audacious|indiscreet|ill-considered|unconsidered|unthinking|ill-advised|injudicious|ill-judged|misguided|spur-of-the-moment|unthought-out|hare-brained|unwary|unguarded|wild|madcap|harum-scarum|temerarious

origin:
late Middle English (also in Scots and northern English in the sense ‘nimble, eager’): of Germanic origin; related to German rasch .


word: RASP
russian_word: рашпиль
example: the rasp of the engine
synonyms: grinding|grating|scraping|scrape|scratching|scratch
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old French rasper, perhaps of Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɑːsp
phonetics_text: rɑːsp
definition:
a harsh, grating noise.|a coarse file or similar metal tool for scraping, filing, or rubbing down objects of metal, wood, or other hard material.


word: RASPBERRY
russian_word: малина
example: a raspberry tweed jacket|Clare blew a raspberry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɑːzb(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrɑːzb(ə)ri
definition:
an edible soft fruit related to the blackberry, consisting of a cluster of reddish-pink drupelets.|the plant which yields the raspberry, forming tall stiff prickly stems or ‘canes’.|a deep reddish-pink colour.|a sound made with the tongue and lips, expressing derision or contempt.

origin:
early 17th century: from dialect rasp, abbreviation of obsolete raspis  ‘raspberry’ (also used as a collective), of unknown origin, + berry.


word: RASPING
russian_word: дребезжащий
example: his cracked, rasping voice narrates the story
definition: harsh-sounding and unpleasant; grating.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɑːspɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɑːspɪŋ
synonyms:
harsh|grating|jarring|raspy|discordant|dissonant|scratchy|creaky|hoarse|rough|gravelly|croaky|croaking|gruff|husky|throaty|guttural|stridulant


word: RASTAFARI
russian_word: растафари
example: Rastafari history and culture
definition: the Rastafarian movement.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrastəˈfɑːri
phonetics_text: ˌrastəˈfɑːri
origin:
1930s: from Ras Tafari, the name by which Haile Selassie was known between 1916 and 1930, from Amharic rās ‘leader, king, lord’ + Tafari, Haile Selassie's birth name.


word: RASTAFARIAN
russian_word: растафари
origin: 1930s: from Ras Tafari (see Rastafari) + -an.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌrastəˈfɑːrɪən
phonetics_text: ˌrastəˈfɑːrɪən|ˌrastəˈfɛːrɪən
definition:
relating to a religious movement of Jamaican origin holding that Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was the Messiah and that black people are the chosen people and will eventually return to their African homeland.


word: RASTER
russian_word: растр
example: a raster image
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrastə
phonetics_text: ˈrastə
definition:
a rectangular pattern of parallel scanning lines followed by the electron beam on a television screen or computer monitor.

origin:
1930s: from German Raster, literally ‘screen’, from Latin rastrum ‘rake’, from ras- ‘scraped’, from the verb radere .


word: RAT
russian_word: крыса
example: her rat of a husband cheated on her|LA mall rats
part_of_speech: noun|exclamation|verb
phonetic: rat
phonetics_text: rat
definition:
a rodent that resembles a large mouse, typically having a pointed snout and a long tail. Some kinds have become cosmopolitan and are sometimes responsible for transmitting diseases.|a despicable person, especially a man who has been deceitful or disloyal.|a person who is associated with or frequents a specified place.|a pad used to give shape and fullness to a woman's hair.

synonyms:
scoundrel|wretch|rogue|beast|pig|swine|bastard|creep|louse|snake|snake in the grass|bum|lowlife|scumbag|heel|skunk|dog|weasel|scrote|rat fink|sleeveen|dingo|cad|rotter|bounder|shit

origin:
Old English ræt, probably of Romance origin; reinforced in Middle English by Old French rat . The verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: RATATOUILLE
russian_word: рататуй
origin: a French dialect word.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌratəˈtuːi
phonetics_text: ˌratəˈtuːi|ˌratəˈtwiː
definition:
a vegetable dish consisting of onions, courgettes, tomatoes, aubergines, and peppers, fried and stewed in oil and sometimes served cold.


word: RATCHET
russian_word: трещотка
example: a ratchet screwdriver|the upward ratchet of property taxes
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈratʃɪt
phonetics_text: ˈratʃɪt
definition:
a device consisting of a bar or wheel with a set of angled teeth in which a cog or tooth engages, allowing motion in one direction only.|a situation or process that is perceived to be changing in a series of irreversible steps.

origin:
mid 17th century: from French rochet, originally denoting a blunt lance head, later in the sense ‘bobbin, ratchet’; related to the base of archaic rock  ‘quantity of wool on a distaff for spinning’.


word: RATE
russian_word: скорость
example: the island has the lowest crime rate in the world|a £3.40 minimum hourly rate of pay
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪt
phonetics_text: reɪt
definition:
a measure, quantity, or frequency, typically one measured against another quantity or measure.|a fixed price paid or charged for something.

synonyms:
charge|price|cost|tariff|hire|fare|figure|amount|outlay|tax|duty|levy|toll|fee|remuneration|pay|payment|wage|allowance|damage

origin:
late Middle English (expressing a notion of ‘estimated value’): from Old French, from medieval Latin rata (from Latin pro rata parte (or portione ) ‘according to the proportional share’), from ratus ‘reckoned’, past participle of reri .


word: RATEL
russian_word: медоед
origin: late 18th century: from Afrikaans, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈreɪt(ə)l|ˈrɑːt(ə)l
definition:
a badger-like mammal with a white or grey back and black underparts, native to Africa and Asia. In Africa it is attracted by the honeyguide bird to bee nests, which it breaks open to gain access to the grubs and honey.


word: RATH
russian_word: Рат
origin: Irish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɑːθ
phonetics_text: rɑːθ
definition:
(in Ireland) a strong circular earthen wall forming an enclosure and serving as a fort and residence for a tribal chief.


word: RATHER
russian_word: скорее
synonyms: by preference|sooner|preferably|from/by choice|more willingly|more readily|if I had my druthers
part_of_speech: adverb|exclamation
phonetic: ˈrɑːðə
phonetics_text: ˈrɑːðə
example:
would you like some wine or would you rather stick to sherry?|she's been behaving rather strangely|There is no shortage of basic skills in the workplace. Rather, the problem is poor management

definition:
used to indicate one's preference in a particular matter.|to a certain or significant extent or degree.|used to suggest that the opposite of a previous statement is the case; on the contrary.

origin:
Old English hrathor  ‘earlier, sooner’, comparative of hræthe  ‘without delay’, from hræth  ‘prompt’ (see rathe).


word: RATHOLE
russian_word: шурф для ведущей трубы
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrathəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈrathəʊl
example:
a rathole where a friend lived until her place was broken into for the seventeenth time|pouring our assets down the rathole of military expenditure

definition:
a cramped or squalid room or building.|used to refer to the waste of money or resources.|(in the oil industry) a shallow hole drilled near a well to accommodate the drill string joint when not in use.


word: RATHSKELLER
russian_word: ресторан в подвальном этаже
definition: a beer hall or restaurant in a basement.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɑːtsˌkɛlə
phonetics_text: ˈrɑːtsˌkɛlə
origin:
early 20th century: from obsolete German (now Ratskeller ), from Rathaus ‘town hall’ + Keller ‘cellar’, denoting the place where beer and wine were sold.


word: RATIFICATION
russian_word: ратификация
example: ratification of the treaty raised problems in several member states
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ratɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ratɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.


word: RATIFY
russian_word: ратифицировать
example: both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year
definition: sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.
antonyms: reject|revoke
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈratɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈratɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
confirm|approve|sanction|endorse|agree to|accept|consent to|assent to|affirm|uphold|corroborate|authorize|formalize|certify|validate|recognize|sign|countersign|put one's name to

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ratifier, from medieval Latin ratificare, from Latin ratus ‘fixed’ (see rate1).


word: RATING
russian_word: рейтинг
example: the hotel regained its five-star rating|the rest of the new crew was made up of naval ratings
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪtɪŋ
definition:
a classification or ranking of someone or something based on a comparative assessment of their quality, standard, or performance.|a non-commissioned sailor in the navy.

synonyms:
grade|classification|class|grading|ranking|rank|category|categorization|designation|position|standing|status|placing|assessment|evaluation|appraisal|mark|score


word: RATIO
russian_word: соотношение
example: the ratio of men's jobs to women's is 8 to 1
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘reckoning’, from rat- ‘reckoned’, from the verb reri .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪʃɪəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈreɪʃɪəʊ
definition:
the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.

synonyms:
proportion|comparative number/extent|quantitative relation|correlation|relationship|correspondence|balance|percentage|fraction|quotient


word: RATIOCINATE
russian_word: рассуждать логически
example: a tendency to ratiocinate in isolation
definition: form judgements by a process of logic; reason.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌratɪˈɒsɪneɪt
phonetics_text: ˌratɪˈɒsɪneɪt|ˌraʃɪˈɒsɪneɪt
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin ratiocinat- ‘deliberated, calculated’, from the verb ratiocinari, from ratio (see ratio).


word: RATION
russian_word: рацион
example: 1947 saw the bread ration reduced
origin: early 18th century: from French, from Latin ratio(n- ) ‘reckoning, ratio’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈraʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈraʃ(ə)n
definition:
a fixed amount of a commodity officially allowed to each person during a time of shortage, as in wartime.

synonyms:
allowance|allocation|quota|fixed amount|amount|quantity|share|portion|helping|allotment|measure|part|lot|proportion|percentage|apportionment|quantum|moiety


word: RATIONAL
russian_word: рациональный
example: I'm sure there's a perfectly rational explanation
antonyms: irrational|illogical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
based on or in accordance with reason or logic.|(of a number, quantity, or expression) expressible, or containing quantities which are expressible, as a ratio of whole numbers.

synonyms:
logical|reasoned|well reasoned|sensible|reasonable|cogent|coherent|intelligent|wise|judicious|sagacious|astute|shrewd|perceptive|enlightened|clear-eyed|clear-sighted|commonsensical|common-sense|well advised|well grounded|sound|sober|prudent|circumspect|politic|down-to-earth|practical|pragmatic|matter-of-fact|hard-headed|unidealistic|joined-up

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘having the ability to reason’): from Latin rationalis, from ratio(n- ) ‘reckoning, reason’ (see ratio).


word: RATIONALE
russian_word: обоснование
example: he explained the rationale behind the change
definition: a set of reasons or a logical basis for a course of action or belief.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌraʃəˈnɑːl
phonetics_text: ˌraʃəˈnɑːl
synonyms:
reason(s)|reasoning|thinking|(logical) basis|logic|grounds|sense|principle|theory|philosophy|hypothesis|thesis|argument|case|motive|motivation|the whys and wherefores|explanation|justification|excuse|vindication|raison d'être

origin:
mid 17th century: modern Latin, neuter (used as a noun) of Latin rationalis ‘endowed with reason’ (see rational).


word: RATIONALISM
russian_word: рационализм
example: scientific rationalism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
the practice or principle of basing opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.


word: RATIONALIST
russian_word: рационалист
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪst
phonetics_text: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪst
example:
the managers are rationalists who find it hard to understand why anyone should get worked up about the closure of their local hospital

definition:
a person who bases their opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.


word: RATIONALITY
russian_word: рациональность
example: like any phobia, rationality plays only a small role
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: raʃ(ə)ˈnalɪti
phonetics_text: raʃ(ə)ˈnalɪti
definition:
the quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic.|the property of a number, quantity, or expression of being expressible, or containing quantities which are expressible, as a ratio of whole numbers.


word: RATIONALIZATION
russian_word: рационализация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: raʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: raʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
most people are prone to self-deceptive rationalization|the London dockers struggle to preserve their jobs against ruthless rationalization

definition:
the action of attempting to explain or justify behaviour or an attitude with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate.|the action of making a company, process, or industry more efficient, especially by dispensing with superfluous personnel or equipment.|the process of converting a function or expression to a rational form.


word: RATIONALIZE
russian_word: рационализировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz
example:
she couldn't rationalize her urge to return to the cottage|if we rationalize production, will that mean redundancies?

definition:
attempt to explain or justify (behaviour or an attitude) with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate.|make (a company, process, or industry) more efficient, especially by dispensing with superfluous personnel or equipment.|convert (a function or expression) to a rational form.

synonyms:
justify|explain (away)|account for|defend|vindicate|excuse|make excuses for|make allowances for|give an explanation for|provide a rationale for|make acceptable|extenuate


word: RATLINES
russian_word: выбленочный трос
example: I scrambled back down the ratlines
origin: late Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈratlɪnz
phonetics_text: ˈratlɪnz
definition:
a series of small rope lines fastened across a sailing ship's shrouds like the rungs of a ladder, used for climbing the rigging.


word: RATTAN
russian_word: ротанг
example: a rattan armchair
origin: mid 17th century: from Malay rotan, probably from raut ‘pare, trim’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈtan
phonetics_text: rəˈtan
definition:
the thin jointed stems of a palm, used to make furniture.|the tropical Old World climbing palm which yields rattan, with long, spiny, jointed stems.


word: RATTLE
russian_word: погремушка
example: the roof rattled with little gusts of wind|she turned quickly, rattled by his presence
synonyms: clatter|bang|clang|clank|clink|clunk|jingle|jangle|tinkle
origin: Middle English: related to Middle Dutch and Low German ratelen, of imitative origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrat(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrat(ə)l
definition:
make or cause to make a rapid succession of short, sharp knocking sounds.|make (someone) nervous, worried, or irritated.


word: RATTLESNAKE
russian_word: гремучая змея
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrat(ə)lsneɪk
phonetics_text: ˈrat(ə)lsneɪk
definition:
a heavy-bodied American pit viper with a series of horny rings on the tail that produce a characteristic rattling sound when vibrated as a warning.


word: RATTY
russian_word: крысиный
example: his ratty eyes glittered|I was a bit ratty with the children
definition: resembling or characteristic of a rat.|bad-tempered and irritable.
antonyms: contented|good-humoured
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrati
phonetics_text: ˈrati
synonyms:
irritated|annoyed|cross|angry|vexed|exasperated|irked|piqued|displeased|put out|fed up|disgruntled|in a bad mood|in a temper|testy|in high dudgeon|huffy|in a huff|resentful|aggrieved|furious|irate|infuriated|incensed|enraged|wrathful|choleric|aggravated|peeved|nettled|miffed|miffy|mad|riled|hacked off|peed off|hot under the collar|foaming at the mouth|browned off|cheesed off|brassed off|not best pleased|narked|shirty|eggy|teed off|ticked off|sore|bent out of shape|snaky|crook|vex|ireful|snuffy|wrath|pissed off|pissed


word: RAUCOUS
russian_word: хриплый
example: raucous youths
definition: making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise.
antonyms: soft|dulcet|peaceful|quiet|restrained
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin raucus ‘hoarse’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɔːkəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɔːkəs
synonyms:
harsh|strident|screeching|squawky|squawking|sharp|grating|discordant|dissonant|inharmonious|unmelodious|jarring|brassy|rough|rasping|husky|hoarse|scratchy|noisy|loud|piercing|shrill|ear-splitting|penetrating|clamorous|cacophonous|rowdy|boisterous|roisterous|unruly|disorderly|wild


word: RAUNCHY
russian_word: похабный
example: his raunchy new novel|the restaurant's style is raunchy and the sanitation chancy
definition: energetically earthy and sexually explicit.|shabby or grubby.
origin: 1930s: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɔːn(t)ʃi
phonetics_text: ˈrɔːn(t)ʃi
synonyms:
sexually explicit|sexy|suggestive|erotic|racy|risqué|provocative|spicy|juicy|bawdy|ribald|uninhibited|unrestrained|earthy|coarse|rude|smutty|vulgar|crude|steamy|naughty|saucy|fruity|gamy|adult


word: RAVAGE
russian_word: опустошать
example: the hurricane ravaged southern Florida
definition: cause severe and extensive damage to.
origin: early 17th century: from French ravager, from earlier ravage, alteration of ravine ‘rush of water’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈravɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈravɪdʒ
synonyms:
lay waste|devastate|ruin|leave in ruins|destroy|wreak havoc on|leave desolate|level|raze|demolish|wipe out|wreck|damage|pillage|plunder|harry|maraud|ransack|sack|loot|despoil|rape|spoil|havoc|depredate|spoliate|devastated|ruined|wrecked|desolate|war-torn|battle-scarred


word: RAVE
russian_word: бредить
antonyms: criticize|condemn
synonyms: talk wildly|babble|jabber|ramble|maunder|talk incoherently|be delirious
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: reɪv
phonetics_text: reɪv
example:
Nancy's having hysterics and raving about a ghost|New York's critics raved about the acting|they used to rave together—then they started working together

definition:
talk incoherently, as if one were delirious or mad.|speak or write about someone or something with great enthusiasm or admiration.|attend a rave party.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘show signs of madness’): probably from Old Northern French raver ; related obscurely to Middle Low German reven ‘be senseless, rave’.


word: RAVEL
russian_word: распутывать
definition: untangle or unravel something.|unravel; fray.|confuse or complicate (a question or situation).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrav(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrav(ə)l
example:
Davy had finished ravelling out his herring net|a shirt with a ravelled collar|I'd prefer you to keep your nose out of my business and not ravel things further

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘entangle, confuse’): probably from Dutch ravelen ‘fray out, tangle’.


word: RAVELIN
russian_word: равелин
origin: late 16th century: from French, from obsolete Italian ravellino, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈravlɪn
phonetics_text: ˈravlɪn
definition:
an outwork of fortifications, with two faces forming a salient angle, constructed beyond the main ditch and in front of the curtain.


word: RAVER
russian_word: гомик
example: she sounds like a bit of a raver|he's a ranter and a raver
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪvə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪvə
definition:
a person who has an exciting and uninhibited social life.|a person who regularly goes to raves.|a person who talks incoherently.


word: RAVE-UP
russian_word: веселое сборище
example: we had a bit of a rave-up
definition: a lively, noisy party involving dancing and drinking.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
party|social gathering|gathering|social occasion|social event|social function|function|get-together|celebration|reunion|festivity|jamboree|reception|at-home|soirée|social|dance|ball|ceilidh|frolic|carousal|carouse|fete|hoedown|shower|bake|cookout|levee|corroboree|bashment|luau|tertulia|simcha|bash|shindig|shindy|rave|blowout|beer-up|disco|do|shebang|bop|hop|whoopee|after-party|thrash|knees-up|beanfeast|beano|bunfight|jolly|lig|hooley|crack|blast|wingding|kegger|shivoo|rage|ding|jollo|rort|jol|squash|squeeze|ding-dong


word: RAVINE
russian_word: овраг
definition: a deep, narrow gorge with steep sides.
origin: late 18th century: from French, ‘violent rush (of water)’ (see ravin).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈviːn
phonetics_text: rəˈviːn
synonyms:
gorge|canyon|gully|pass|defile|couloir|gap|chasm|abyss|gulf|chine|bunny|clough|gill|thrutch|cleuch|heugh|gulch|coulee|flume|arroyo|barranca|quebrada|nullah|khud|sloot|kloof|donga|khor


word: RAVIOLI
russian_word: равиоли
origin: Italian.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌravɪˈəʊli
phonetics_text: ˌravɪˈəʊli
definition:
small pasta envelopes containing minced meat, fish, cheese, or vegetables, usually served with a sauce.


word: RAVISH
russian_word: изнасиловать
definition: seize and carry off (someone) by force.|fill (someone) with intense delight; enrapture.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈravɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈravɪʃ
example:
there is no assurance that her infant child will not be ravished from her breast|ravished by a sunny afternoon, she had agreed without even thinking

synonyms:
enrapture|send into raptures|enchant|fill with delight|delight|charm|entrance|enthral|captivate|bewitch|spellbind|fascinate|transport|overjoy|blow away|rapture

origin:
Middle English: from Old French raviss-, lengthened stem of ravir, from an alteration of Latin rapere ‘seize’.


word: RAVISHING
russian_word: восхитительный
example: she looked ravishing
definition: delightful; entrancing.
antonyms: hideous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈravɪʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈravɪʃɪŋ
synonyms:
very beautiful|gorgeous|stunning|wonderful|exquisite|lovely|striking|magnificent|dazzling|radiant|delightful|charming|enchanting|entrancing|captivating|bewitching|incredible|amazing|sensational|fantastic|fabulous|terrific|heavenly|divine|out of this world|fab|drop-dead gorgeous|knockout|delectable|scrumptious|smashing|babelicious|bodacious


word: RAW
russian_word: сырье
antonyms: cooked
synonyms: uncooked|fresh|underdone
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɔː
phonetics_text: rɔː
example:
raw eggs|he scrubbed his hands until they were raw|he exuded an air of raw, vibrant masculinity|a raw February night|they were replaced by raw recruits|oversewing is used to neaten raw edges|raw tribesmen found themselves increasingly marginalised

definition:
(of food) not cooked.|(of a part of the body) red and painful, especially as the result of skin abrasion.|(of an emotion or quality) strong and undisguised.|(of the weather) cold and damp; bleak.|new to an activity or job and therefore lacking experience or skill.|(of the edge of a piece of cloth) not having a hem or selvedge.|from a traditional tribal or rural culture.

origin:
Old English hrēaw, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rauw and German roh, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kreas ‘raw flesh’.


word: RAW-BONED
russian_word: костлявый
example: raw-boned farmhands
definition: having a bony or gaunt physique.
antonyms: plump|well padded
part_of_speech: adjective
synonyms:
thin|as thin as a rake|lean|gaunt|bony|angular|skinny|size-zero|spare|lanky|scrawny|scraggy|hollow-cheeked|underfed|underweight|emaciated|skeletal|half-starved|spindle-shanked


word: RAY
russian_word: луч
synonyms: beam|shaft|streak|bar|pencil|finger|stream|gleam|flash|glint|glimmer|flicker|twinkle|shimmer
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪ
phonetics_text: reɪ
example:
a ray of sunlight came through the window|the ray that runs from the centre of the circle to the point of tangency

definition:
each of the lines in which light (and heat) may seem to stream from the sun or any luminous body, or pass through a small opening.|any of a set of straight lines passing through one point.|a thing that is arranged radially.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French rai, based on Latin radius ‘spoke, ray’. The verb dates from the late 16th century.


word: RAYLESS
russian_word: несущих лучей
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈreɪləs
phonetics_text: ˈreɪləs
example:
the white, rayless light of morning|rayless goldenrod|it has a small horny protuberance, or rayless and immovable fin

definition:
dark or gloomy.|(of a flower) not having individual rays (florets) around the edge.|(of a fish's fin) lacking bony supports.


word: RAZE
russian_word: сровнять с землей
example: villages were razed to the ground
definition: completely destroy (a building, town, or other settlement).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: reɪz
phonetics_text: reɪz
synonyms:
destroy|demolish|raze to the ground|tear down|pull down|knock down|knock to pieces|level|flatten|bulldoze|fell|wipe out|lay waste|ruin|wreck

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘scratch, incise’): from Old French raser ‘shave closely’, from Latin ras- ‘scraped’, from the verb radere .


word: RAZOR
russian_word: бритва
example: an electric razor
origin: Middle English: from Old French rasor, from raser ‘shave closely’ (see raze).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈreɪzə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪzə
definition:
an instrument with a sharp blade or set of blades, used to remove unwanted hair from the face or body.


word: RAZORBACK
russian_word: полосатик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪzəbak
phonetics_text: ˈreɪzəbak
definition:
a pig of a half-wild breed common in the southern US, with the back formed into a high narrow ridge.|a steep-sided narrow ridge of land.


word: RAZORBILL
russian_word: гагарка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪzəbɪl
phonetics_text: ˈreɪzəbɪl
definition:
a black-and-white auk (seabird) with a deep bill that is said to resemble a cut-throat razor, found in the North Atlantic and Baltic Sea.


word: RAZOR BLADE
russian_word: бритва
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a blade used in a razor, typically a flat piece of metal with a sharp edge or edges used in a safety razor.


word: RAZZIA
russian_word: полицейская облава
origin: mid 19th century: via French from Algerian Arabic ġāziya ‘raid’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrazɪə
phonetics_text: ˈrazɪə
definition:
a hostile raid for purposes of conquest, plunder, and capture of slaves, especially one carried out by Moors in North Africa.


word: RE
russian_word: ре
example: re: invoice 87
origin: Latin, ablative of res ‘thing’.
part_of_speech: preposition
phonetic: riː
phonetics_text: riː|reɪ
definition:
in the matter of (used typically as the first word in the heading of an official document or to introduce a reference in a formal letter).

synonyms:
about|concerning|regarding|with regard to|relating to|apropos (of)|on the subject of|respecting|in respect of|with respect to|with reference to|as regards|in the matter of|in connection with|referring to|touching on|anent


word: REACH
russian_word: достигать
synonyms: stretch out|hold out|extend|outstretch|thrust out|stick out|outreach
origin: Old English rǣcan, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch reiken and German reichen .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːtʃ
phonetics_text: riːtʃ
example:
he reached over and turned off his bedside light|‘Goodbye,’ she said as they reached the door|‘Brighteyes’ was followed round the Goldstone by ‘Patriot’, while ‘Patriot’ white-sail reached

definition:
stretch out an arm in a specified direction in order to touch or grasp something.|arrive at; get as far as.|sail with the wind blowing from the side of the ship.


word: REACHER
russian_word: Ричер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːtʃə
phonetics_text: ˈriːtʃə
definition:
a thing which reaches, especially a device that enables a disabled or elderly person to pick up objects that are difficult to reach.|a kind of jib on a sailing ship.


word: REACH OUT
russian_word: доноситься
example: she reached out to squeeze Hope's hand|she was a great one for reaching out and helping people
definition:
stretch out an arm in order to touch or grasp something.|seek to establish communication with someone, with the aim of offering or obtaining assistance or cooperation.


word: REACT
russian_word: реагировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈakt
phonetics_text: rɪˈakt
example:
he reacted angrily to the news of his dismissal|the sulphur in the coal reacts with the limestone during combustion

definition:
act in response to something; respond in a particular way.|interact and undergo a chemical or physical change.

synonyms:
behave|act|take it|conduct oneself|proceed|respond|reply|answer|retaliate|comport oneself|rebel against|oppose|revolt against|rise up against

origin:
mid 17th century: from re- (expressing intensive force or reversal) + act, originally suggested by medieval Latin react- ‘done again’, from the verb reagere .


word: REACTANCE
russian_word: реактивное сопротивление
example: the capacitor exhibits negligible reactance at the operating frequency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈakt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈakt(ə)ns
definition:
the non-resistive component of impedance in an AC circuit, arising from the effect of inductance or capacitance or both and causing the current to be out of phase with the electromotive force causing it.


word: REACTION
russian_word: реакция
synonyms: response|answer|reply|rejoinder|retort|riposte|feedback|comeback|clapback
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈakʃ(ə)n
example:
my immediate reaction was one of relief|a chemical reaction caused by a build-up of particular sodium salts|the law of action and reaction

definition:
something done, felt, or thought in response to a situation or event.|a chemical process in which substances act mutually on each other and are changed into different substances, or one substance changes into other substances.|a force exerted in opposition to an applied force.

origin:
mid 17th century: from react + -ion, originally suggested by medieval Latin reactio(n- ), from react- ‘done again’ (see react).


word: REACTIONARY
russian_word: реакционер
example: reactionary attitudes toward women's rights
definition: opposing political or social progress or reform.
antonyms: radical|progressive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈakʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɪˈakʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
synonyms:
right-wing|conservative|rightist|ultra-conservative|ultra-right|alt-right|blimpish|diehard|traditionalist|conventional|traditional|old-fashioned|unprogressive|true-blue|Birchite


word: REACTIVE
russian_word: реактивный
example: pupils are reactive to light|a proactive rather than a reactive approach|a reactive load
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈaktɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈaktɪv
definition:
showing a response to a stimulus.|acting in response to a situation rather than creating or controlling it.|relating to reactance.


word: REACTOR
russian_word: реактор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈaktə
phonetics_text: rɪˈaktə
definition:
an apparatus or structure in which fissile material can be made to undergo a controlled, self-sustaining nuclear reaction with the consequent release of energy.|a person who shows an immune response to a specific antigen or an adverse reaction to a drug or other substance.|a coil or other component which provides reactance in a circuit.


word: READ
russian_word: читать
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective
phonetic: riːd
phonetics_text: riːd
example:
it's the best novel I've ever read|he was arrested yesterday—I read it in the paper|he didn't dare look away, in case this was read as a sign of weakness|I've come to read the gas meter|I'm reading English at Cambridge|it attempts to read a floppy disk without regard to its format|the bill was accordingly read a second time|‘Do you read me? Over.’

definition:
look at and comprehend the meaning of (written or printed matter) by interpreting the characters or symbols of which it is composed.|discover (information) by reading it in a written or printed source.|understand or interpret the nature or significance of.|inspect and record the figure indicated on (a measuring instrument).|study (an academic subject) at a university.|(of a computer) copy, transfer, or interpret (data).|present (a bill or other measure) before a legislative assembly.|hear and understand the words of (someone speaking on a radio transmitter).

synonyms:
peruse|study|scrutinize|look through|pore over|devour|be absorbed in|bury oneself in|wade through|plough through|run one's eye over|cast an eye over|leaf through|scan|glance through|flick through|skim through|thumb through|flip through|browse through|dip into|con|decipher|make out|make sense of|interpret|understand|comprehend

origin:
Old English rǣdan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch raden and German raten ‘advise, guess’. Early senses included ‘advise’ and ‘interpret (a riddle or dream’) (see rede).


word: READABLE
russian_word: удобочитаемый
example: a code which is readable by a computer
antonyms: illegible|indecipherable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈriːdəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈriːdəb(ə)l
definition:
able to be read or deciphered; legible.|(of data or a storage medium or device) capable of being processed or interpreted by a computer or other electronic device.

synonyms:
legible|easy to read|decipherable|easily deciphered|clear|intelligible|understandable|comprehensible|easy to understand


word: READDRESS
russian_word: переадресовывать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːəˈdrɛs
phonetics_text: riːəˈdrɛs
example:
the mail is then readdressed and forwarded|an opportunity for the balance of resources between residential care and community care to be readdressed

definition:
change the address written or printed on (a letter or parcel).|look at or attend to (an issue or problem) once again.


word: READER
russian_word: читатель
example: she's an avid reader|a meter reader|Dr Gardiner is Reader in Mathematics
origin: Old English rǣdere ‘interpreter of dreams, reader’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːdə
phonetics_text: ˈriːdə
definition:
a person who reads or who is fond of reading.|a person who inspects and records the figure indicated on a measuring instrument.|a book containing extracts of a text or texts, designed to give learners of a language practice in reading.|a university lecturer of the highest grade below professor.|a device that produces on a screen a magnified, readable image of a microfiche or microfilm.


word: READERSHIP
russian_word: читатели
example: the magazine has a readership of just 65,000|friends invited him to apply for the Readership
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːdəʃɪp
phonetics_text: ˈriːdəʃɪp
definition:
the readers of a newspaper, magazine, or book regarded collectively.|the position of Reader at a university.


word: READILY
russian_word: легко
example: he readily admits that the new car surpasses its predecessors
definition: without hesitation or reluctance; willingly.
antonyms: reluctantly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈrɛdɪli
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdɪli
synonyms:
willingly|without hesitation|unhesitatingly|gladly|happily|cheerfully|with pleasure|with good grace|without reluctance|ungrudgingly|voluntarily|eagerly|promptly|quickly|freely


word: READINESS
russian_word: готовность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdɪnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdɪnəs
example:
your muscles tense in readiness for action|Spain had indicated a readiness to accept his terms|quickness of hearing and readiness of speech were essential

definition:
the state of being fully prepared for something.|willingness to do something.|the quality of being immediate, quick, or prompt.

synonyms:
preparedness|preparation|fitness|ready|at the ready|available|on hand|accessible|handy|at one's fingertips|prepared|primed|on standby|standing by|on stand-to|on call|on full alert|on tap


word: READING
russian_word: чтение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːdɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈriːdɪŋ
example:
the reading of a will|a poetry reading|feminist readings of Goethe|radiation readings were taken every hour|the Bill returns to the House for its final reading next week

definition:
the action or skill of reading.|an occasion at which pieces of literature are read to an audience.|a particular interpretation of a text or situation.|a figure or amount shown by a meter or other measuring instrument.|a stage of debate in parliament through which a Bill must pass before it can become law.

synonyms:
perusal|study|scan|scanning|scrutiny|browse (through)|look (through)|glance (through)|leaf (through)|flick (through)|skim (through)


word: READY
russian_word: готовый
example: are you ready, Carrie?|there was a ready supply of drink
antonyms: unprepared|taken by surprise
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛdi
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdi
definition:
in a suitable state for an action or situation; fully prepared.|easily available or obtained; within reach.

synonyms:
prepared|all set|set|organized|in a fit state|equipped|primed|fit|psyched up|geared up|up for it|hot to trot

origin:
Middle English: from Old English rǣde (from a Germanic base meaning ‘arrange, prepare’; related to Dutch gereed ) + -y1.


word: READY-TO-WEAR
russian_word: неоригинальный
example: ready-to-wear collections
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌrɛdɪtəˈwɛː
phonetics_text: ˌrɛdɪtəˈwɛː
definition:
(of clothes) made for the general market and sold through shops rather than made to order for an individual customer.


word: REAGIN
russian_word: реагин
origin: early 20th century: coined in German from reagieren ‘react’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈeɪdʒɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈeɪdʒɪn
definition:
the antibody which is involved in allergic reactions, causing the release of histamine when it combines with antigen in tissue, and capable of producing sensitivity to the antigen when introduced into the skin of a normal individual.


word: REAL
russian_word: реальный
antonyms: unreal|imaginary
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: riːl
phonetics_text: riːl
example:
Julius Caesar was a real person|the earring was presumably real gold|the tour turned out to be a real disaster|real incomes had fallen by 30 per cent

definition:
actually existing as a thing or occurring in fact; not imagined or supposed.|(of a thing) not imitation or artificial; genuine.|complete; utter (used for emphasis).|adjusted for changes in the value of money; assessed by purchasing power.|(of a number or quantity) having no imaginary part.|(of an image) of a kind in which the light that forms it actually passes through it; not virtual.

synonyms:
actual|existent|non-fictional|non-fictitious|factual|historical|material|physical|tangible|concrete|palpable|corporeal|substantial|unimaginary|veridical

origin:
late Middle English (as a legal term meaning ‘relating to things, especially real property’): from Anglo-Norman French, from late Latin realis, from Latin res ‘thing’.


word: REALGAR
russian_word: реальгар
definition: a soft reddish mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide, formerly used as a pigment and in fireworks.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈalɡə
phonetics_text: rɪˈalɡə
origin:
late Middle English: via medieval Latin from Arabic rahj al-ġār ‘arsenic’, literally ‘dust of the cave’.


word: REALIA
russian_word: реалии
definition: objects and material from everyday life used as teaching aids.
origin: 1950s: from late Latin, neuter plural (used as a noun) of realis ‘relating to things’ (see real1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: reɪˈɑːlɪə
phonetics_text: reɪˈɑːlɪə|rɪˈeɪlɪə
example:
the industrial English language course makes extensive and varied use of realia, such as specifications, extracts from company brochures, manuals, diagrams, etc.


word: REALISM
russian_word: реализм
synonyms: pragmatism|practicality|matter-of-factness|common sense|level-headedness|clear-sightedness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪəlɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈrɪəlɪz(ə)m
example:
the summit was marked by a new mood of realism|British soaps will stay because of their gritty realism

definition:
the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.|the quality or fact of representing a person or thing in a way that is accurate and true to life.|the doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective or absolute existence. The theory that universals have their own reality is sometimes called Platonic realism because it was first outlined by Plato's doctrine of ‘forms’ or ideas.


word: REALIST
russian_word: реалист
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈriːəlɪst
phonetics_text: ˈriːəlɪst
example:
I am a realist, with no time for your world of make believe|Dickens and other nineteenth-century realists|modern philosophical realists

definition:
a person who accepts a situation as it is and is prepared to deal with it accordingly.|an artist or writer whose style is characterized by the representation of people or things as they actually are.|a person who believes in the theory of realism.


word: REALISTIC
russian_word: реалистичный
example: I thought we had a realistic chance of winning|a realistic human drama
antonyms: unrealistic|idealistic|impracticable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪəˈlɪstɪk
phonetics_text: rɪəˈlɪstɪk
definition:
having or showing a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected.|representing things in a way that is accurate and true to life.

synonyms:
practical|pragmatic|matter-of-fact|down-to-earth|sensible|commonsensical|rational|logical|reasonable|level-headed|clear-sighted|hard-headed|businesslike|sober|unromantic|unsentimental|unidealistic|tough-minded|robust|hard-boiled|unemotional|hard-nosed|no-nonsense|achievable|attainable|feasible|practicable|viable|workable|doable


word: REALISTICALLY
russian_word: реалистично
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪəˈlɪstɪkli
phonetics_text: rɪəˈlɪstɪkli
example:
how well can each candidate realistically expect to do?|this film realistically simulates the effects that a nuclear war could have

definition:
in a way that demonstrates a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected.|in a way that is accurate and true to life.


word: REALITY
russian_word: реальность
example: he refuses to face reality|youth, when death has no reality
antonyms: fantasy
synonyms: the real world|real life|actuality|truth|physical existence|corporeality|substantiality|materiality
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈalɪti
phonetics_text: rɪˈalɪti
definition:
the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them.|the state or quality of having existence or substance.

origin:
late 15th century: via French from medieval Latin realitas, from late Latin realis ‘relating to things’ (see real1).


word: REALIZATION
russian_word: реализация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn
phonetics_text: riːəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn
example:
a growing realization of the need to create common economic structures|he did not live to see the realization of his dream|the realization of his assets in Spain

definition:
an act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact.|the achievement of something desired or anticipated.|the conversion of an asset into cash.

synonyms:
awareness|understanding|comprehension|consciousness|apprehension|cognizance|appreciation|recognition|perception|discernment


word: REALIZE
russian_word: реализовать
origin: early 17th century: from real1, on the pattern of French réaliser .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɪəlʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈrɪəlʌɪz
example:
he realized his mistake at once|his worst fears have been realized|the stage designs have been beautifully realized|she realized a profit of $100,000

definition:
become fully aware of (something) as a fact; understand clearly.|cause to happen.|give actual or physical form to.|make (a profit) from a transaction.

synonyms:
register|perceive|discern|notice|understand|grasp|take in|comprehend|see|recognize|work out|fathom (out)|appreciate|ascertain|apprehend|be/become cognizant of|know|conceive|discover|find|see the light|latch on to|cotton on to|catch on to|tumble to|get|figure out|get a fix on|wrap one's mind around|get the message|get the picture|have an aha moment|twig|suss|savvy|cognize


word: REALLY
russian_word: действительно
example: so what really happened?|I think she's really great
definition: in actual fact, as opposed to what is said or imagined to be true or possible.|very; thoroughly.
part_of_speech: adverb|exclamation
phonetic: ˈrɪəli
phonetics_text: ˈrɪəli
synonyms:
in fact|in actual fact|actually|in reality|in point of fact|as a matter of fact|in truth|if truth be told|to tell the truth|in actuality|in sooth


word: REALM
russian_word: область
example: the defence of the realm
definition: a kingdom.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛlm
phonetics_text: rɛlm
synonyms:
kingdom|sovereign state|monarchy|empire|principality|palatinate|duchy|country|land|domain|dominion|nation|province

origin:
Middle English rewme, from Old French reaume, from Latin regimen ‘government’ (see regimen). The spelling with -l- (standard from c.  1600) was influenced by Old French reiel ‘royal’.


word: REALNESS
russian_word: реальность
definition: the state or quality of actually existing or occurring in fact, and not being imagined or supposed.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪəlnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɪəlnəs
example:
she never doubted the realness of her experience but was cautious about speaking with others about it


word: REALPOLITIK
russian_word: реальная политика
example: commercial realpolitik had won the day
origin: early 20th century: from German Realpolitik ‘practical politics’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: reɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk
phonetics_text: reɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk
definition:
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.


word: REAMER
russian_word: развертка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːmə
phonetics_text: ˈriːmə
definition:
a tool for widening or finishing drilled holes.|a utensil with a ridged, conical projection which is pressed and twisted against the cut side of citrus fruit in order to extract the juice.


word: REAPPLY
russian_word: повторно
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːəˈplʌɪ
phonetics_text: riːəˈplʌɪ
example:
he intended to reapply for his old post|principles that may be reapplied in different circumstances|reapply the sunscreen hourly

definition:
make another application or request.|apply (an existing rule or principle) in a different context.|spread (a substance) on a surface again.


word: REAPPROPRIATE
russian_word: реапроприировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌriːəˈprəʊprɪeɪt
phonetics_text: ˌriːəˈprəʊprɪeɪt
example:
the twelve stadiums would be reappropriated for housing|he did not reapproproate copyright when the revised version was published

definition:
employ or adapt (something) for a use different from its original purpose.|reclaim or recover (something) for one's own use.


word: REARWARD
russian_word: назад
example: a slight rearward movement
definition: directed towards the back.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: ˈrɪəwəd
phonetics_text: ˈrɪəwəd
origin:
Middle English (as a noun denoting the rear part of an army): from Anglo-Norman French rerewarde ‘rearguard’; the adjective dates from the early 17th century and is from rear1 + -ward.


word: REASON
russian_word: причина
antonyms: emotion|feeling
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈriːz(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈriːz(ə)n
example:
she asked him to return, but didn't give a reason|there is a close connection between reason and emotion

definition:
a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event.|the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgements logically.

synonyms:
cause|grounds|ground|basis|rationale|motive|motivation|purpose|point|aim|intention|objective|goal|occasion|impetus|inducement|incentive|explanation|justification|case|argument|defence|apology|vindication|excuse|pretext|rationalization|warrant|the whys and wherefores|apologia

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reisun (noun), raisoner (verb), from a variant of Latin ratio(n- ), from the verb reri ‘consider’.


word: REASONABLE
russian_word: разумный
example: no reasonable person could have objected|they have had a reasonable time to reply
definition: having sound judgement; fair and sensible.|as much as is appropriate or fair; moderate.
antonyms: unreasonable|illogical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈriːz(ə)nəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈriːz(ə)nəb(ə)l
synonyms:
sensible|rational|open to reason|full of common sense|logical|fair|fair-minded|just|equitable|decent|intelligent|wise|level-headed|practical|realistic|based on good sense|sound|judicious|well thought out|well grounded|reasoned|well reasoned|valid|commonsensical|advisable|well advised|tenable|plausible|feasible|credible|acceptable|admissible|believable|viable

origin:
Middle English: from Old French raisonable, suggested by Latin rationabilis ‘rational’, from ratio (see reason).


word: REASONABLENESS
russian_word: разумность
definition: sound judgement; fairness.|the quality of being as much as is appropriate or fair; moderateness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːz(ə)nəb(ə)lnəs
phonetics_text: ˈriːz(ə)nəb(ə)lnəs
example:
days which demand wise restraint and calm reasonableness|disputes about the reasonableness of certain costs


word: REASONED
russian_word: обоснованный
example: a reasoned judgement
definition: based on logic or good sense.
antonyms: illogical|unsystematic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈriːzənd
phonetics_text: ˈriːzənd
synonyms:
logical|rational|well thought out|clear|lucid|coherent|cogent|systematic|methodical|organized|well organized|well expressed|well presented|considered|sensible|intelligent


word: REASSURE
russian_word: успокаивать
example: he understood her feelings and tried to reassure her
definition: say or do something to remove the doubts or fears of (someone).
antonyms: alarm|unnerve
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːəˈʃɔː
phonetics_text: riːəˈʃɔː|riːəˈʃʊə
synonyms:
put/set someone's mind at rest|dispel someone's fears|raise someone's spirits|put someone at ease|encourage|hearten|buoy up|cheer up|comfort|soothe|inspirit


word: REAVE
russian_word: похищать
example: the strong could reave and steal
definition: carry out raids in order to plunder.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːv
phonetics_text: riːv
origin:
Old English rēafian, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch roven, German rauben, also to rob. See also reive.


word: REB
russian_word: внешнее реакторное здание
example: I never met Reb Zecharia
origin: Yiddish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛb
phonetics_text: rɛb
definition:
a traditional Jewish title or form of address, corresponding to Sir, for a man who is not a rabbi (used preceding the forename or surname).


word: REBARBATIVE
russian_word: раздражительный
example: rebarbative modern buildings
definition: unattractive and objectionable.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈbɑːbətɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈbɑːbətɪv
origin:
late 19th century: from French rébarbatif, -ive, from Old French se rebarber ‘face each other ‘beard to beard’ aggressively’, from barbe ‘beard’.


word: REBATE
russian_word: скидка
example: the scheme eases the move to the council tax by giving rebates in the first year
definition: a partial refund to someone who has paid too much for tax, rent, or a utility.
synonyms: refund|partial refund|repayment|discount|deduction|reduction|decrease|allowance|concession
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈriːbeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈriːbeɪt
origin:
late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘diminish (a sum or amount)’): from Anglo-Norman French rebatre ‘beat back’, also ‘deduct’.


word: REBEL
russian_word: мятежник
example: Tory rebels
definition: a person who rises in opposition or armed resistance against an established government or leader.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
synonyms:
revolutionary|insurgent|revolutionist|mutineer|agitator|subversive|guerrilla|anarchist|terrorist|freedom fighter|resistance fighter|traitor|renegade|Zapatista|Montonero|insurrectionist|insurrectionary|mutinous|rebellious|mutinying|traitorous

phonetic:
Middle English: from Old French rebelle (noun), rebeller (verb), from Latin rebellis (used originally with reference to a fresh declaration of war by the defeated), based on bellum ‘war’.


word: REBELLION
russian_word: восстание
example: the authorities put down a rebellion by landless colonials
definition: an act of armed resistance to an established government or leader.
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin rebellio(n- ), from rebellis (see rebel).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈbɛljən
phonetics_text: rɪˈbɛljən
synonyms:
uprising|revolt|insurrection|mutiny|revolution|insurgence|insurgency|rising|rioting|riot|civil disobedience|civil disorder|unrest|anarchy|fighting in the streets|coup|regime change|coup d'état|jacquerie|putsch


word: REBELLIOUS
russian_word: мятежный
example: I became very rebellious and opted out
definition: showing a desire to resist authority, control, or convention.
antonyms: conformist|compliant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈbɛljəs
phonetics_text: rɪˈbɛljəs
synonyms:
defiant|disobedient|insubordinate|unruly|ungovernable|unmanageable|uncontrollable|turbulent|mutinous|wayward|obstreperous|recalcitrant|refractory|intractable|resistant|dissentient|disaffected|malcontent|nonconformist|bolshie|contumacious


word: REBOUND
russian_word: отскок
synonyms: bounce|bounce back|spring back|ricochet|boomerang|glance|recoil|carom|resile
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: late Middle English: from Old French rebondir, from re- ‘back’ + bondir ‘bounce up’.
example:
his shot hammered into the post and rebounded across the goal|the Share Index rebounded to show a twenty-point gain|Nicholas's tricks are rebounding on him

definition:
bounce back through the air after hitting something hard.|recover in value, amount, or strength after a decrease or decline.|(of an event or action) have an unexpected adverse consequence for (someone, especially the person responsible for it).


word: REBUFF
russian_word: отпор
example: I asked her to be my wife, and was rebuffed in no uncertain terms
definition: reject (someone or something) in an abrupt or ungracious manner.
antonyms: accept|welcome
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈbʌf
phonetics_text: rɪˈbʌf
synonyms:
reject|turn down|spurn|refuse|decline|repudiate|disdain|snub|slight|repulse|repel|dismiss|brush off|turn one's back on|give someone the cold shoulder|cold-shoulder|ignore|cut (dead)|look right through|give someone the brush-off|tell someone where to get off|put down|freeze out|stiff-arm|knock back|give someone the bum's rush|give someone the brush|snout|give someone the go-by

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete French rebuffer (verb), rebuffe (noun), from Italian ri- (expressing opposition) + buffo ‘a gust, puff’, of imitative origin.


word: REBUKE
russian_word: упрек
example: she had rebuked him for drinking too much
definition: express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of their behaviour or actions.
antonyms: praise|compliment|commend
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈbjuːk
phonetics_text: rɪˈbjuːk
synonyms:
reprimand|reproach|scold|admonish|reprove|remonstrate with|chastise|chide|upbraid|berate|take to task|pull up|castigate|lambast|read someone the Riot Act|haul over the coals|criticize|censure|tell off|give someone a talking-to|give someone a telling-off|dress down|give someone a dressing-down|give someone an earful|give someone a roasting|give someone a rocket|rap|rap over the knuckles|slap someone's wrist|let someone have it|bawl out|give someone hell|come down on|blow up|pitch into|lay into|lace into|give someone a caning|slap down|blast|rag|keelhaul|tick off|have a go at|carpet|monster|give someone a mouthful|tear someone off a strip|give someone what for|give someone a rollicking|wig|give someone a wigging|give someone a row|row|chew out|ream out|call down|rate|give someone a rating|trim|reprehend|objurgate|bollock|give someone a bollocking|tear someone a new arsehole|rip someone a new arsehole|chew someone's ass|ream someone's ass|tear someone a new asshole|rip someone a new asshole

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘force back, repress’): from Anglo-Norman French and Old Northern French rebuker, from re- ‘back, down’ + bukier ‘to beat’ (originally ‘cut down wood’, from Old French busche ‘log’).


word: REBUS
russian_word: ребус
origin: early 17th century: from French rébus, from Latin rebus, ablative plural of res ‘thing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːbəs
phonetics_text: ˈriːbəs
definition:
a puzzle in which words are represented by combinations of pictures and individual letters; for instance, apex might be represented by a picture of an ape followed by a letter X.


word: REBUT
russian_word: опровергать
definition: claim or prove that (evidence or an accusation) is false.|drive back or repel (a person or attack).
antonyms: confirm
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈbʌt
phonetics_text: rɪˈbʌt
example:
he had to rebut charges of acting for the convenience of his political friends|but he … their sharp assault right boldly did rebut

synonyms:
refute|deny|disprove|prove wrong|prove false|invalidate|negate|contradict|counter|discredit|give the lie to|quash|explode|shoot down|destroy|shoot full of holes|blow sky-high|controvert|confute|negative

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘rebuke’ and ‘repulse’): from Anglo-Norman French rebuter, from Old French re- (expressing opposition) + boter ‘to butt’. Sense 1 (originally a legal use) dates from the early 19th century.


word: REBUTTAL
russian_word: опровержение
definition: an instance of rebutting evidence or an accusation.
antonyms: confirmation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈbʌtl
phonetics_text: rɪˈbʌtl
synonyms:
refutation|denial|disproving|counter-argument|countering|invalidation|negation|contradiction|counterstatement|surrejoinder|rebutter|surrebutter|replication|confutation|disproval


word: RECALCITRANT
russian_word: непокорный
example: a class of recalcitrant fifteen-year-olds
definition: having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline.
antonyms: amenable|docile|compliant
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkalsɪtr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkalsɪtr(ə)nt
synonyms:
uncooperative|obstinately disobedient|intractable|unmanageable|ungovernable|refractory|insubordinate|defiant|rebellious|mutinous|wilful|wayward|headstrong|self-willed|contrary|perverse|difficult|awkward|obdurate|bloody-minded|bolshie|stroppy|contumacious|froward|renitent|pervicacious

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin recalcitrant- ‘kicking out with the heels’, from the verb recalcitrare, based on calx, calc- ‘heel’.


word: RECALCULATE
russian_word: пересчитывать
definition: calculate again, typically using different data.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈkalkjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: riːˈkalkjʊleɪt
example:
multinationals would have to recalculate their entire worldwide profits according to each set of local rules


word: RECALL
russian_word: отзыв
antonyms: forget
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɔːl
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɔːl
example:
I can still vaguely recall being taken to the hospital|the Panamanian ambassador was recalled from Peru

definition:
bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one's mind; remember.|officially order (someone) to return to a place.

synonyms:
remember|recollect|call to mind|think of|think back on/to|look back on|cast one's mind back to|reminisce about|hark back to|mind

origin:
late 16th century (as a verb): from re- ‘again’ + call, suggested by Latin revocare or French rappeler ‘call back’.


word: RECANT
russian_word: отрекаться
example: heretics were burned if they would not recant
definition: say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical.
antonyms: reaffirm
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkant
phonetics_text: rɪˈkant
synonyms:
renounce|forswear|disavow|deny|repudiate|renege on|abjure|relinquish|abandon|forsake|change one's mind|be apostate|defect|renege|apostatize|tergiversate|retract|take back|withdraw|disclaim|disown|recall|unsay

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin recantare ‘revoke’, from re- (expressing reversal) + cantare ‘sing, chant’.


word: RECANTATION
russian_word: отречение
example: every writer interprets Galileo's recantation in a different way
definition: a statement that one no longer holds a particular opinion or belief; a retraction.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːkanˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌriːkanˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
renunciation|renouncement|disavowal|denial|repudiation|retraction|withdrawal|apostasy|abjuration|retractation


word: RECAPITULATE
russian_word: резюмировать
example: he began to recapitulate his argument with care
definition: summarize and state again the main points of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌriːkəˈpɪtjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˌriːkəˈpɪtjʊleɪt
synonyms:
summarize|sum up|restate|state again|repeat|reiterate|go over|run over|run through|review|enumerate|recount|list|recap|epitomize

origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin recapitulat- ‘gone through heading by heading’, from re- ‘again’ + capitulum ‘chapter’ (diminutive of caput ‘head’).


word: RECAPTION
russian_word: изъятие вещи из чужого владения в порядке самопомощи
origin: mid 18th century: from Anglo-Latin recaptio(n- ), from re- ‘back’ + Latin captio(n- ) ‘taking’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːˈkapʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːˈkapʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of taking back, without legal process, property of one's own that has been wrongfully taken or withheld.


word: RECAST
russian_word: рекаст
example: in 1919, the bells were recast|there were moves to recast the play
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈkɑːst
phonetics_text: riːˈkɑːst
definition:
give (a metal object) a different form by melting it down and reshaping it.|allocate the parts in (a play or film) to different actors.


word: RECEDE
russian_word: отступать
antonyms: advance|approach
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsiːd
phonetics_text: rɪˈsiːd
example:
the floodwaters had receded|the prospects of an early end to the war receded|his dark hair was receding a little

definition:
go or move back or further away from a previous position.|(of a quality, feeling, or possibility) gradually diminish.|(of a man's hair) cease to grow at the temples and above the forehead.

synonyms:
retreat|go back|move back|move further off|move away|withdraw|ebb|subside|go down|abate|fall back|sink|retrocede

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘depart from a usual state or standard’): from Latin recedere, from re- ‘back’ + cedere ‘go’.


word: RECEIPT
russian_word: квитанция
definition: the action of receiving something or the fact of its being received.|a recipe.
synonyms: receiving|reception|getting|obtaining|gaining|acceptance|arrival|delivery|recipience
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈsiːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsiːt
example:
I would be grateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter|she spent hours in the kitchen, trying all sorts of receipts

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French receite, from medieval Latin recepta ‘received’, feminine past participle of Latin recipere . The -p- was inserted in imitation of the Latin spelling.


word: RECEIVE
russian_word: получать
antonyms: give|present
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsiːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈsiːv
example:
the band will receive a £100,000 advance|the event received wide press coverage|representatives of the club will be received by the Mayor|the impression she received was one of unhurried leisure|the systems work by comparing time signals received from different satellites|the basin that receives your blood|he received Communion and left

definition:
be given, presented with, or paid (something).|suffer, experience, or be subject to (specified treatment).|greet or welcome (a visitor) formally.|form (an idea or impression) as a result of perception or experience.|detect or pick up (broadcast signals).|serve as a receptacle for.|(in tennis and similar games) be the player to whom the server serves (the ball).|eat or drink (the Eucharistic bread or wine).

synonyms:
be given|be presented with|be awarded|collect|accept|have conferred on one|get|obtain|gain|acquire|secure|come by|pick up|be provided with|take|derive|win|be paid|earn|gross|net|accrue|inherit|come into|cop

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French receivre, based on Latin recipere, from re- ‘back’ + capere ‘take’.


word: RECEIVER
russian_word: приемник
example: the receiver of a gift|the company is in the hands of the receivers
antonyms: donor
synonyms: recipient|beneficiary|donee|giftee|legatee|grantee|devisee
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsiːvə
phonetics_text: rɪˈsiːvə
definition:
the part of a telephone apparatus contained in the earpiece, in which electrical signals are converted into sounds.|a person who gets or accepts something that has been sent or given to them.|a person or company appointed by a court to manage the financial affairs of a business or person that has gone bankrupt.|a container for collecting the products of distillation, chromatography, or other process.|the part of a firearm which houses the action and to which the barrel and other parts are attached.


word: RECENSION
russian_word: просмотр и исправление текста
example: under the Carolingians new recensions of the code were made
definition: a revised edition of a text.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)n
origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘survey, review’): from Latin recensio(n- ), from recensere ‘revise’, from re- ‘again’ + censere ‘to review’.


word: RECENT
russian_word: недавний
example: his recent visit to Britain
antonyms: old|former
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘fresh’): from Latin recens, recent- or French récent .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈriːs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈriːs(ə)nt
definition:
having happened, begun, or been done not long ago; belonging to a past period comparatively close to the present.|another term for Holocene.

synonyms:
new|the latest|late|current|fresh|modern|contemporary|present-day|up to date|up to the minute|latter-day|latter|neoteric|not long past|occurring/appearing recently|immediate|just gone


word: RECEPTACLE
russian_word: сосуд
example: fast-food receptacles
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛptək(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛptək(ə)l
definition:
a hollow object used to contain something.|an electrical socket.|an organ or structure which receives a secretion, eggs, sperm, etc.|an enlarged area at the apex of a stem on which the parts of a flower or the florets of a flower head are inserted.

synonyms:
container|holder|vessel|repository|box|tin|bin|can|canister|drum|case|chest|casket|crate|tank|basin|pan|pot|dish|bowl|bag|pouch|purse|basket|reservatory

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin receptaculum, from receptare ‘receive back’, frequentative of recipere (see receive).


word: RECEPTION
russian_word: прием
synonyms: receipt|receiving|getting|acceptance|recipience
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
example:
sensation is not the passive reception of stimuli|a wedding reception|a microchip that will allow parents to block reception of violent programmes|wait for me downstairs in reception|my son is in reception|his 49 receptions included six touchdowns

definition:
the action or process of receiving something sent, given, or inflicted.|a formal social occasion held to welcome someone or to celebrate an event.|the process of receiving broadcast signals.|the area in a hotel or organization where guests and visitors are greeted and dealt with.|the first class in an infant or primary school.|an act of catching a pass.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin receptio(n- ), from the verb recipere (see receive).


word: RECEPTIVE
russian_word: восприимчивый
example: a receptive audience
definition: willing to consider or accept new suggestions and ideas.
antonyms: resistant|unresponsive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsɛptɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛptɪv
synonyms:
open-minded|open to new ideas|open to suggestions|open|responsive|amenable|sympathetic|well disposed|interested|attuned|flexible|willing|favourable|approachable|accessible|friendly|welcoming|susceptible|impressionable|suggestible|pliable|pliant|susceptive|acceptive|acceptant


word: RECEPTOR
russian_word: рецептор
example: the retina of the octopus has up to 20 million light receptors
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛptə
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛptə
definition:
an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.

origin:
early 20th century: coined in German from Latin receptor, from recept- ‘taken back’, from the verb recipere (see receive).


word: RECESS
russian_word: углубление
example: a table set into a recess|talks resumed after a month's recess
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈsɛs
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛs|ˈriːsɛs
definition:
a small space created by building part of a wall further back from the rest.|a period of time when the proceedings of a parliament, committee, court of law, or other official body are temporarily suspended.

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘withdrawal, departure’): from Latin recessus, from recedere ‘go back’ (see recede). The verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: RECESSED
russian_word: встраиваемые
example: supplement the light from the chandelier with recessed lights along the perimeter of the room
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsɛst
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛst|ˈriːsɛst
definition:
(of a fitment or architectural feature) set or built in a recess in the surrounding wall or surface.


word: RECESSION
russian_word: рецессия
example: the country is in the depths of a recession
antonyms: boom|upturn
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.|the action of receding; motion away from an observer.

synonyms:
economic decline|downturn|depression|slump|slowdown|trough|credit crunch|credit squeeze|stagnation|stagflation|hard times|bust

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin recessio(n- ), from recess- ‘gone back’, from the verb recedere (see recede).


word: RECESSIONAL
russian_word: каникулярный
example: recessional times|astronomers measure an object's recessional speed by observing its red shift
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
relating to an economic recession.|relating to or denoting motion away from the observer.|(of a moraine or other deposit) left during a pause in the retreat of a glacier or ice sheet.


word: RECESSIVE
russian_word: рецессивный
origin: late 17th century: from recess, on the pattern of excessive .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɛsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛsɪv
example:
the recessive housing market|recessive stress is characteristic of British English|this variant was a low-status and recessive feature

definition:
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes which are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents.|undergoing an economic recession.|(of the stress on a word or phrase) tending to fall on the first syllable.|tending to fall into disuse.


word: RECHARGE
russian_word: перезарядка
example: he plugged his razor in to recharge it
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
restore electrical energy in (a battery or a battery-operated device) by connecting it to a power supply.


word: RECHARGEABLE
russian_word: перезаряжаемый
example: a rechargeable torch
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: riːˈtʃɑːdʒəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: riːˈtʃɑːdʒəb(ə)l
definition:
(of a battery or a battery-operated device) able to have its electrical energy restored by connection to a power supply.


word: RECIDIVIST
russian_word: рецидивист
definition: a convicted criminal who reoffends, especially repeatedly.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsɪdɪvɪst
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɪdɪvɪst
origin:
late 19th century: from French récidiviste, from récidiver ‘fall back’, based on Latin recidivus ‘falling back’, from the verb recidere, from re- ‘back’ + cadere ‘to fall’.


word: RECIPE
russian_word: рецепт
example: a traditional Yorkshire recipe
synonyms: cooking directions|receipt
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛsɪpi
phonetics_text: ˈrɛsɪpi
definition:
a set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of the ingredients required.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin, literally ‘receive!’ (first used as an instruction in medical prescriptions), imperative of recipere .


word: RECIPROCAL
russian_word: взаимный
synonyms: given/felt in return|corresponding|requited|returned|reciprocated
origin: late 16th century: from Latin reciprocus (based on re- ‘back’ + pro- ‘forward’) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɪprək(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɪprək(ə)l
example:
she was hoping for some reciprocal comment or gesture|the treaty is a bilateral commitment with reciprocal rights and duties|he took up a reciprocal heading and dropped down to 2,000 ft

definition:
given, felt, or done in return.|(of an agreement or obligation) bearing on or binding each of two parties equally.|(of a course or bearing) differing from a given course or bearing by 180 degrees.|(of a quantity or function) related to another so that their product is unity.


word: RECIPROCATE
russian_word: отвечать взаимностью
synonyms: do the same (in return)|respond in kind|return the favour|give as good as one gets|give tit for tat
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt
example:
the favour was reciprocated|when you're shooting most semi-automatic handguns, the slide reciprocates as part of the firing cycle

definition:
respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one.|(of a part of a machine) move backwards and forwards in a straight line.

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin reciprocat- ‘moved backwards and forwards’, from the verb reciprocare, from reciprocus (see reciprocal).


word: RECIPROCITY
russian_word: взаимность
example: the Community intends to start discussions on reciprocity with third countries
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛsɪˈprɒsɪti
phonetics_text: ˌrɛsɪˈprɒsɪti
definition:
the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.

origin:
mid 18th century: from French réciprocité, from réciproque, from Latin reciprocus ‘moving backwards and forwards’ (see reciprocate).


word: RECITAL
russian_word: сольный концерт
synonyms: concert|performance|musical performance|public performance|solo performance|solo|show|gig
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsʌɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈsʌɪt(ə)l
example:
I gave my first recital at the Royal College|they launched into a recital of their misadventures|Council Directive 92/56 contains detailed extracts from the Social Charter in its recitals

definition:
a performance of a programme of music by a soloist or small group.|an enumeration or listing of connected names, facts, or events.|the part of a legal document that explains its purpose and gives other factual information.


word: RECITATION
russian_word: декламация
example: the recitation of traditional poems
definition: the action of repeating something aloud from memory.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛsɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛsɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
recital|saying aloud|reading aloud|declaiming|declamation|rendering|rendition|delivery|performance|account|description|narration|narrative|story|tale|history|recapitulation|rehearsal|run through|recountal|reading|passage|piece|something known off by heart|poem|verse|monologue|one's party piece


word: RECITATIVE
russian_word: речитатив
example: singing in recitative
origin: mid 17th century: from Italian recitativo, from Latin recitare ‘to read out’ (see recite).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛsɪtəˈtiːv
phonetics_text: ˌrɛsɪtəˈtiːv
definition:
musical declamation of the kind usual in the narrative and dialogue parts of opera and oratorio, sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note.


word: RECITE
russian_word: декламировать
example: he recited passages of Dante
definition: repeat aloud or declaim (a poem or passage) from memory before an audience.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsʌɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsʌɪt
synonyms:
repeat from memory|say aloud|read aloud|declaim|quote|speak|deliver|render|intone|chant|spout|parrot|say parrot-fashion|daven|cantillate|intonate|bespout|give a recitation|say a poem|perform|do one's party piece

origin:
late Middle English (as a legal term in the sense ‘state (a fact) in a document’): from Old French reciter or Latin recitare ‘read out’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + citare ‘cite’.


word: RECK
russian_word: обращать внимание
example: ye reck not of lands or goods
definition: pay heed to something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɛk
phonetics_text: rɛk
origin:
Old English, of Germanic origin; compare with reckless. The word became common in rhetorical and poetic language in the 19th century.


word: RECKLESS
russian_word: безрассудный
example: you mustn't be so reckless
definition: heedless of danger or the consequences of one's actions; rash or impetuous.
antonyms: careful|cautious|prudent
origin: Old English reccelēas, from the Germanic base (meaning ‘care’) of reck.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛkləs
phonetics_text: ˈrɛkləs
synonyms:
rash|careless|thoughtless|incautious|heedless|unheeding|inattentive|hasty|overhasty|precipitate|precipitous|impetuous|impulsive|daredevil|devil-may-care|hot-headed|irresponsible|wild|foolhardy|headlong|over-adventurous|over-venturesome|audacious|death-or-glory|ill-advised|injudicious|misguided|hare-brained|madcap|imprudent|unwise|ill-considered|unconsidered|ill-conceived|unthinking|indiscreet|mindless|negligent|tearaway|harum-scarum|bull-in-a-china-shop|temerarious


word: RECKON
russian_word: рассчитывать
definition: establish by calculation.|consider or regard in a specified way.|be of the opinion.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈrɛk(ə)n
example:
his debts were reckoned at £300,000|the event was reckoned a failure|he reckons that the army should pull out entirely

synonyms:
calculate|compute|work out|put a figure on|figure|number|quantify|count (up)|add up|total|tally|tot up

origin:
Old English ( ge)recenian ‘recount, relate’, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch rekenen and German rechnen ‘to count (up)’. Early senses included ‘give an account of items received’ and ‘mention things in order’, which gave rise to the notion of ‘calculation’ and hence of ‘being of an opinion’.


word: RECKONING
russian_word: расплата
synonyms: calculation|estimation|computation|working out|summation|counting|addition|total|tally|score
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛk(ə)nɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛk(ə)nɪŋ
example:
the sixth, or by another reckoning eleventh, Earl of Mar|the fear of being brought to reckoning|he has hit the sort of form which could thrust him into the reckoning

definition:
the action or process of calculating or estimating something.|the avenging or punishing of past mistakes or misdeeds.|contention for a place in a team or among the winners of a contest.


word: RECKON WITH
russian_word: рассчитываться
definition: take something into account.|settle accounts with someone.
antonyms: take into account
example:
they hadn't reckoned with a visit from Charles|I reckoned with my master, and I think I had a shilling and some few halfpence to take

synonyms:
deal with|cope with|contend with|handle|face|face up to|take into account|take into consideration|bargain for|bargain on|allow for|anticipate|foresee|be prepared for|plan for|bear in mind|consider|take cognizance of|take note of|overlook|ignore|fail to take account of|fail to anticipate|disregard|lose sight of|fail to notice


word: RECLAIM
russian_word: истребовать
example: you can reclaim £25 of the £435 deducted|much of the Camargue has now been reclaimed
antonyms: forfeit
synonyms: get back|claim back|have returned|recover|take back|regain|retrieve|recoup|recuperate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkleɪm
phonetics_text: rɪˈkleɪm
definition:
retrieve or recover (something previously lost, given, or paid); obtain the return of.|bring (waste land or land formerly under water) under cultivation.

origin:
Middle English (used in falconry in the sense ‘recall’): from Old French reclamer, from Latin reclamare ‘cry out against’, from re- ‘back’ + clamare ‘to shout’.


word: RECLINE
russian_word: возлежать
example: she was reclining in a deckchair
definition: lean or lie back in a relaxed position with the back supported.
antonyms: stand|sit up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈklʌɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈklʌɪn
synonyms:
lie|lie down|lie back|lean back|be recumbent|be prone|rest|relax|repose|loll|lounge|sprawl|stretch out|drape oneself over|couch

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘cause to lean back’): from Old French recliner or Latin reclinare ‘bend back, recline’, from re- ‘back’ + clinare ‘to bend’.


word: RECLUSE
russian_word: отшельник
example: she has turned into a virtual recluse
definition: a person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkluːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈkluːs
synonyms:
hermit|ascetic|monk|nun|marabout|santon|eremite|anchorite|anchoress|stylite|cenobite|loner|solitary|lone wolf|introvert|misanthrope|solitudinarian|solitaire|solitarian|isolate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reclus, past participle of reclure, from Latin recludere ‘enclose’, from re- ‘again’ + claudere ‘to shut’.


word: RECLUSIVE
russian_word: затворником
example: he led a reclusive life
definition: avoiding the company of other people; solitary.
antonyms: gregarious|sociable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkluːsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈkluːsɪv
synonyms:
solitary|secluded|isolated|hermit-like|cloistered|sequestered|withdrawn|retiring|shut away|introverted|unsociable|antisocial|misanthropic|seclusive|eremitic|eremitical|hermitic|anchoritic


word: RECOGNITION
russian_word: признание
example: she saw him pass by without a sign of recognition|the unions must receive proper recognition
synonyms: identification|recollection|recall|remembrance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
identification of someone or something or person from previous encounters or knowledge.|acknowledgement of the existence, validity, or legality of something.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting the acknowledgement of a service): from Latin recognitio(n- ), from the verb recognoscere ‘know again, recall to mind’ (see recognize).


word: RECOGNIZABLE
russian_word: узнаваемым
example: there was no recognizable photograph of him
definition: able to be recognized or identified from previous encounters or knowledge.
antonyms: imperceptible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɛkəɡˈnʌɪzəbl
phonetics_text: rɛkəɡˈnʌɪzəbl
synonyms:
identifiable|noticeable|perceptible|discernible|appreciable|detectable|distinguishable|observable|perceivable|visible|notable|measurable|distinct|marked|conspicuous|unmistakable|clear|apparent|evident|sensible


word: RECOGNIZANCE
russian_word: обязательство, данное в суде
example: the Lord Chancellor asked them to enter into recognizances to appear in court
origin: Middle English: from Old French reconnissance, from reconnaistre ‘recognize’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)ns
definition:
a bond by which a person undertakes before a court or magistrate to observe some condition, especially to appear when summoned.


word: RECOGNIZE
russian_word: признавать
example: I recognized her when her wig fell off|the defence is recognized in British law
antonyms: overlook
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛkəɡnʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈrɛkəɡnʌɪz
definition:
identify (someone or something) from having encountered them before; know again.|acknowledge the existence, validity, or legality of.

synonyms:
acknowledge|accept|admit|concede|allow|grant|confess|own|realize|be aware of|be conscious of|perceive|discern|appreciate|understand|apprehend|see|be cognizant of|take on board|cognize|officially approve|certify|accredit|endorse|sanction|put the seal of approval on|validate|accept as valid|ratify|uphold|support

origin:
late Middle English (earliest attested as a term in Scots law): from Old French reconniss-, stem of reconnaistre, from Latin recognoscere ‘know again, recall to mind’, from re- ‘again’ + cognoscere ‘learn’.


word: RECOIL
russian_word: отдача
example: he recoiled in horror|the muscle has the ability to recoil
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɔɪl
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɔɪl
definition:
suddenly spring or flinch back in fear, horror, or disgust.|rebound or spring back through force of impact or elasticity.

synonyms:
draw back|jump back|spring back|jerk back|pull back|flinch|shy away|shrink (back)|blench|start|wince|cower|quail

origin:
Middle English (denoting the act of retreating): from Old French reculer ‘move back’, based on Latin culus ‘buttocks’.


word: RECOLLECT
russian_word: вспоминать
example: he could not quite recollect the reason
definition: remember (something); call to mind.
antonyms: forget
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌrɛkəˈlɛkt
phonetics_text: ˌrɛkəˈlɛkt
synonyms:
remember|recall|call to mind|think of|think back to|cast one's mind back to|look back on|reminisce about|hark back to|summon up|revive the memory of|mind|bethink oneself of

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘gather’): from Latin recollect- ‘gathered back’, from the verb recolligere, from re- ‘back’ + colligere ‘collect’.


word: RECOLLECTION
russian_word: воспоминание
example: to the best of my recollection no one ever had a bad word to say about him
definition: the action or faculty of remembering or recollecting something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃ(ə)n
origin:
late 16th century (denoting the action of gathering things together again): from French or medieval Latin recollectio(n- ), from the verb recolligere ‘gather again’ (see recollect1).


word: RECOMMEND
russian_word: рекомендовать
example: George had recommended some local architects|I devoutly recommended my spirit to its maker
antonyms: reject|veto
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɛkəˈmɛnd
phonetics_text: rɛkəˈmɛnd
definition:
put forward (someone or something) with approval as being suitable for a particular purpose or role.|commend or entrust someone or something to (someone).

synonyms:
advocate|endorse|commend|approve|suggest|put forward|propose|advance|nominate|put up|mention|speak favourably of|speak well of|put in a good word for|beat the drum for|vouch for|look with favour on|push|plug|big something up

origin:
late Middle English (in recommend (sense 2)): from medieval Latin recommendare, from Latin re- (expressing intensive force) + commendare ‘commit to the care of’.


word: RECOMMENDATION
russian_word: рекомендация
example: the committee put forward forty recommendations for change
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a suggestion or proposal as to the best course of action, especially one put forward by an authoritative body.

synonyms:
advice|counsel|guidance|direction|exhortation|enjoinder|advocacy|suggestion|proposal|submission|rider


word: RECOMPENSE
russian_word: возмездие
example: offenders should recompense their victims
definition: make amends to (someone) for loss or harm suffered; compensate.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛkəmpɛns
phonetics_text: ˈrɛkəmpɛns
synonyms:
compensate|indemnify|repay|reimburse|pay money to|make reparation to|make restitution to|make amends to

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from the verb recompenser ‘do a favour to requite a loss’, from late Latin recompensare, from Latin re- ‘again’ (also expressing intensive force) + compensare ‘weigh one thing against another’.


word: RECONCILE
russian_word: согласовать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛk(ə)nsʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈrɛk(ə)nsʌɪl
example:
the king and the archbishop were publicly reconciled|it is not necessary to reconcile the cost accounts to the financial accounts

definition:
restore friendly relations between.|make (one account) consistent with another, especially by allowing for transactions begun but not yet completed.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reconcilier or Latin reconciliare, from Latin re- ‘back’ (also expressing intensive force) + conciliare ‘bring together’.


word: RECONCILIATION
russian_word: примирение
antonyms: estrangement|alienation|feud|incompatibility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛk(ə)nsɪlɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛk(ə)nsɪlɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
his reconciliation with your uncle|any possibility of reconciliation between such clearly opposed positions|the reconciliation process should be consistent with the business strategy

definition:
the restoration of friendly relations.|the action of making one view or belief compatible with another.|the action of making financial accounts consistent; harmonization.

synonyms:
reuniting|reunion|conciliation|reconcilement|pacification|appeasement|placating|propitiation|mollification|resolution|settlement|rectification|settling|resolving|mending|remedying|restoration of harmony|agreement|compromise|understanding|peace|an end to hostilities|amity|concord|rapprochement|detente|fence-mending|harmonizing|harmonization|synthesis|squaring|adjustment|balancing|syncretization


word: RECONDITE
russian_word: малопонятный
example: the book is full of recondite information
definition: (of a subject or knowledge) little known; abstruse.
antonyms: straightforward|simple|familiar
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛk(ə)ndʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛk(ə)ndʌɪt|rɪˈkɒndʌɪt
synonyms:
obscure|abstruse|arcane|esoteric|little known|recherché|abstract|deep|profound|cryptic|difficult|complex|complicated|involved|over/above one's head|incomprehensible|unfathomable|impenetrable|opaque|dark|mysterious|occult|cabbalistic|secret|hidden|Alexandrian

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin reconditus ‘hidden, put away’, past participle of recondere, from re- ‘back’ + condere ‘put together, secrete’.


word: RECONNAISSANCE
russian_word: разведка
example: an excellent aircraft for low-level reconnaissance
definition: military observation of a region to locate an enemy or ascertain strategic features.
origin: early 19th century: from French, from reconnaître ‘recognize’ (see reconnoitre).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɒnɪs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɒnɪs(ə)ns
synonyms:
preliminary survey|survey|exploration|observation|investigation|examination|inspection|probe|scrutiny|scan|patrol|search|expedition|reconnoitring|scouting (out)|spying out|recce|shufti|recon


word: RECONNOITRE
russian_word: рекогносцировать
example: they reconnoitred the beach some weeks before the landing
definition: make a military observation of (a region).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˌrɛkəˈnɔɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌrɛkəˈnɔɪtə
synonyms:
survey|make a reconnaissance of|explore|scout (out)|make a survey of|make an observation of|find out the lie of the land|see how the land lies|investigate|examine|spy out|scrutinize|scan|inspect|observe|take a look at|take stock of|patrol|recce|make a recce of|case|case the joint|check out|take a shufti round|suss out|recon

origin:
early 18th century: from obsolete French reconnoître, from Latin recognoscere ‘know again’ (see recognize).


word: RECONSIDER
russian_word: пересматривать
example: they called on the US government to reconsider its policy
definition: consider (something) again, especially for a possible change of decision regarding it.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːkənˈsɪdə
phonetics_text: riːkənˈsɪdə
synonyms:
rethink|review|revise|re-examine|re-evaluate|reassess|reappraise|think better of|think over|take another look at|relook at|look at in a different light|have another think about|change|alter|modify|relook|think again|think twice|have second thoughts|review one's position|come round|change one's mind


word: RECONSIDERATION
russian_word: пересмотр
example: a careful reconsideration of the existing approaches
definition: the act of considering something again; review.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːkənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌriːkənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
review|re-examination|reassessment|re-evaluation|reappraisal|rethink|another look|a fresh look|relook


word: RECONSTITUTE
russian_word: восстанавливать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈkɒnstɪtjuːt
phonetics_text: riːˈkɒnstɪtjuːt
example:
his skeleton was reconstituted and exhibited in University College|dried noodles reconstituted in boiling water

definition:
build up again from parts; reconstruct.|restore (dried food or drink) to its original state by adding water.


word: RECONSTITUTED
russian_word: воссозданный
example: the first meeting of the reconstituted board of directors|reconstituted milk
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: riːˈkɒnstɪtjuːtɪd
phonetics_text: riːˈkɒnstɪtjuːtɪd
definition:
having been formed again.|(of dried food or drink) restored to its original state by the addition of water.


word: RECONSTITUTION
russian_word: восстановление
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌriːkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
example:
the rapid reconstitution of the military fleet after an attack|water for reconstitution of dehydrated foods

definition:
the action of building something up again; reconstruction.|the process of restoring something dried to its original state by adding water to it.


word: RECONSTRUCTION
russian_word: реконструкция
example: the economic reconstruction of Russia
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːkənˈstrʌkʃn
phonetics_text: riːkənˈstrʌkʃn
definition:
the action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed.|the period 1865–77 following the American Civil War, during which the southern states of the Confederacy were controlled by federal government and social legislation, including the granting of new rights to black people, was introduced.


word: RECORD
russian_word: запись
part_of_speech: noun|verb
example:
you should keep a written record|the safety record at the airport is first class|he held the world record for over a decade|I'm listening to records in my room

definition:
a thing constituting a piece of evidence about the past, especially an account kept in writing or some other permanent form.|the sum of the past achievements or performance of a person, organization, or thing.|the best performance or most remarkable event of its kind.|a thin plastic disc carrying recorded sound in grooves on each surface, for reproduction by a record player.

synonyms:
account(s)|document(s)|documentation|data|file(s)|dossier(s)|information|evidence|report(s)|annal(s)|archive(s)|chronicle(s)|note(s)|minutes|transactions|proceedings|transcript(s)|certificate(s)|deed(s)|instrument(s)|diary|journal|memoir|register|log|logbook|yearbook|almanac|inventory|list|catalogue|case history|case study|casebook|procès-verbal|act(s)|muniment(s)

phonetic:
Middle English: from Old French record ‘remembrance’, from recorder ‘bring to remembrance’, from Latin recordari ‘remember’, based on cor, cord- ‘heart’. The noun was earliest used in law to denote the fact of being written down as evidence. The verb originally meant ‘narrate orally or in writing’, also ‘repeat so as to commit to memory’.


word: RECORDED
russian_word: записанный
example: the first recorded use of the term was in 1865|the recorded sound is extremely clear
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkɔːdɪd
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɔːdɪd
definition:
set down in writing or some other permanent form for later reference.|(of sound or a performance) converted into a permanent form for subsequent reproduction or broadcast.


word: RECORDER
russian_word: магнитофон
example: I was talking away into my recorder|a recorder of rural life
synonyms: tape recorder|cassette recorder|videocassette recorder|VCR|video recorder|videotape recorder|video
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɔːdə
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɔːdə
definition:
an apparatus for recording sound, pictures, or data.|a person who keeps records.|(in England and Wales) a barrister appointed to serve as a part-time judge.|a simple wind instrument without keys, held vertically and played by blowing air through a shaped mouthpiece against a sharp edge.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a kind of judge): from Anglo-Norman French recordour, from Old French recorder ‘bring to remembrance’; partly reinforced by the verb record (also used in the obsolete sense ‘practise a tune’: see recorder (sense 4)).


word: RECOUNT
russian_word: пересчитывать
example: I recounted the tale to Steve
definition: tell someone about something; give an account of an event or experience.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkaʊnt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkaʊnt
synonyms:
tell|relate|narrate|give an account of|describe|portray|depict|paint|unfold|set forth|present|report|outline|delineate|retail|recite|repeat|rehearse|relay|convey|communicate|impart|detail|enumerate|list|specify|itemize|cite|particularize|catalogue

origin:
late Middle English: from Old Northern French reconter ‘tell again’, based on Old French counter (see count1).


word: RECOUP
russian_word: компенсировать
example: rains have helped recoup water levels
definition: regain (something lost or expended).
synonyms: get back|regain|recover|win back|retrieve|repossess|redeem|make good|recuperate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkuːp
phonetics_text: rɪˈkuːp
origin:
early 17th century (as a legal term): from French recouper ‘retrench, cut back’, from re- ‘back’ + couper ‘to cut’.


word: RECOURSE
russian_word: обращение
example: surgery may be the only recourse
definition: a source of help in a difficult situation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɔːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɔːs
synonyms:
option|possibility|alternative|possible course of action|resort|way out|place/person to turn to|source of assistance|available resource|hope|remedy|choice|expedient|refuge

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘running or flowing back’): from Old French recours, from Latin recursus, from re- ‘back, again’ + cursus ‘course, running’.


word: RECOVER
russian_word: восстанавливать
antonyms: deteriorate|worsen|go downhill
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkʌvə
phonetics_text: rɪˈkʌvə
example:
Neil is still recovering from shock|police recovered a stolen video|only 13 per cent of CFC refrigerant was being recovered from domestic fridges

definition:
return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength.|find or regain possession of (something stolen or lost).|remove or extract (an energy source or industrial chemical) for use, reuse, or waste treatment.

synonyms:
recuperate|get better|get well|convalesce|regain one's strength|regain one's health|get stronger|get back on one's feet|feel oneself again|get back to normal|return to health|be on the mend|be on the road to recovery|pick up|rally|respond to treatment|make progress|improve|heal|take a turn for the better|turn the corner|get out of the woods|get over something|shake something off|pull through|bounce back|revive|pull round|perk up

origin:
Middle English (originally with reference to health): from Anglo-Norman French recoverer, from Latin recuperare ‘get again’.


word: RECOVERABLE
russian_word: возмещению
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkʌvərəbl
phonetics_text: rɪˈkʌvərəbl
example:
even unreadable disks may contain information that is recoverable|the target increase in recoverable oil and gas reserves

definition:
(of something lost) able to be regained or retrieved.|(of an energy source) able to be economically extracted from the ground or sea.


word: RECOVERY
russian_word: восстановление
antonyms: relapse|deterioration
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkʌv(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɪˈkʌv(ə)ri
example:
signs of recovery in the housing market|a team of salvage experts to ensure the recovery of family possessions|sulphur recovery

definition:
a return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength.|the action or process of regaining possession or control of something stolen or lost.|the process of removing or extracting an energy source or industrial chemical for use, reuse, or waste treatment.

synonyms:
recuperation|convalescence|return to health|process of getting better|rehabilitation|healing|rallying|improvement|picking up|betterment|amelioration|rally|upturn|upswing|comeback|revival|renewal|a turn for the better

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a means of restoration): from Anglo-Norman French recoverie, from recovrer ‘get back’.


word: RECREANT
russian_word: изменник
example: what a recreant figure must he make
definition: cowardly.|unfaithful to a belief; apostate.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛkrɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛkrɪənt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘surrendering’, present participle of recroire, from medieval Latin (se) recredere ‘surrender (oneself)’, from re- (expressing reversal) + credere ‘entrust’.


word: RECREATION
russian_word: отдых
example: she rides for recreation
definition: activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
antonyms: work
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛkrɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛkrɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
pleasure|leisure|relaxation|fun|enjoyment|entertainment|amusement|refreshment|restoration|distraction|diversion|play|sport|R and R|jollies|beer and skittles|rec|disport|pastime|hobby|leisure activity|leisure pursuit|leisure interest|divertissement|avocation

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘mental or spiritual consolation’): via Old French from Latin recreatio(n- ), from recreare ‘create again, renew’.


word: RECRIMINATE
russian_word: обвинять друг друга
example: his party would never recriminate, never return evil for evil
definition: make counter accusations.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkrɪmɪneɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkrɪmɪneɪt
origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin recriminat- ‘accused in return’, from the verb recriminari, from re- (expressing opposition) + criminare ‘accuse’ (from crimen ‘crime’).


word: RECRIMINATION
russian_word: взаимные обвинения
example: there are no tears, no recriminations
definition: an accusation in response to one from someone else.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
accusation(s)|mutual accusation(s)|counter-accusation(s)|countercharge(s)|counterattack(s)|retaliation(s)|quarrelling|squabbling|bickering|rowing


word: RECRUDESCE
russian_word: рецидивировать
definition: break out again; recur.
origin: early 18th century: back-formation from recrudescence.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌriːkruːˈdɛs
phonetics_text: ˌriːkruːˈdɛs|ˌrɛkruːˈdɛs
example:
diseases such as polio, which had been limited to a handful of countries, can recrudesce when conditions favour the virus


word: RECRUDESCENCE
russian_word: рецидив
example: recrudescence of the disease is a real possibility
definition: the recurrence of an undesirable condition.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːkruːˈdɛsəns
phonetics_text: ˌriːkruːˈdɛsəns|ˌrɛkruːˈdɛs(ə)ns
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin recrudescentia, from recrudescent- ‘becoming raw again’, from the verb recrudere, from re- ‘again’ + crudus ‘raw’.


word: RECRUIT
russian_word: завербовать
definition: enlist (someone) in the armed forces.|replenish or reinvigorate (numbers, strength, etc.).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkruːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkruːt
example:
we recruit our toughest soldiers from the desert tribes|travelling was said to recruit the constitution

synonyms:
enlist|sign up|enrol|engage|take on|round up|call up|conscript|draft|muster in|induct|press|press-gang|shanghai|levy|impress|list|conscribe|crimp|attest

origin:
mid 17th century (in the senses ‘fresh body of troops’ and ‘supplement the numbers in a group’): from obsolete French dialect recrute, based on Latin recrescere ‘grow again’, from re- ‘again’ + crescere ‘grow’.


word: RECRUITER
russian_word: вербовщик
example: a recruiter will schedule you for an interview
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkruːtə
phonetics_text: rɪˈkruːtə
definition:
a person whose job is to enlist or enrol people as employees, in the armed forces, or as members of an organization.


word: RECRUITMENT
russian_word: вербовка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkruːtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkruːtm(ə)nt
example:
methods of military recruitment|the black-tailed deer is notoriously capable of population recruitment after numbers are depleted|inflammatory cell recruitment

definition:
the action of enlisting new people in the armed forces.|the increase in a natural population as progeny grow and new members arrive.|the incorporation of cells from elsewhere in the body into a tissue or region.


word: RECTANGLE
russian_word: прямоугольник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛktaŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛktaŋɡ(ə)l
definition:
a plane figure with four straight sides and four right angles, especially one with unequal adjacent sides, in contrast to a square.

origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin rectangulum, from late Latin rectiangulum, based on Latin rectus ‘straight’ + angulus ‘an angle’.


word: RECTIFICATION
russian_word: выпрямление
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛktɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛktɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
rectification of common errors in letter writing|the inward rectification of single-channel currents|the light oil obtained by these processes also needs to be treated through the process of rectification

definition:
the action of putting something right.|the conversion of an alternating current to a direct current.|the purification or refinement of a substance by repeated or continuous distillation.


word: RECTIFIED
russian_word: выпрямленный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛktɪfʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛktɪfʌɪd
example:
the peak voltage of the rectified output|always use double-distilled or rectified turpentine for painting purposes

definition:
denoting an electric current that has been converted from alternating current to direct current.|(of a substance) purified or refined by repeated or continuous distillation.


word: RECTIFIER
russian_word: выпрямитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛktɪfʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛktɪfʌɪə
definition:
an electrical device which converts an alternating current into a direct one by allowing a current to flow through it in one direction only.


word: RECTIFY
russian_word: исправлять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛktɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛktɪfʌɪ
example:
mistakes made now cannot be rectified later|the current from the transformers is rectified by high-voltage diodes|his methods of rectifying the cycloid|butyl lactate was rectified, and the purified butyl lactate was sequentially hydrolysed

definition:
put right; correct.|convert (alternating current) to direct current.|find a straight line equal in length to (a curve).|purify or refine (a substance) by repeated or continuous distillation.

synonyms:
correct|put/set/make right|right|put to rights|sort out|deal with|amend|revise|remedy|repair|fix|cure|heal|make good|reform|harmonize|retrieve|improve|better|ameliorate|adjust|resolve|settle|redress|square|patch up

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French rectifier, from medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus ‘right’.


word: RECTITUDE
russian_word: честность
example: Mattie is a model of rectitude
definition: morally correct behaviour or thinking; righteousness.
antonyms: infamy|dishonesty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛktɪtjuːd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛktɪtjuːd
synonyms:
righteousness|goodness|virtue|moral virtue|morality|honour|honourableness|integrity|principle|probity|honesty|right-mindedness|trustworthiness|truthfulness|uprightness|upstandingness|good character|scrupulousness|decency|fairness|equity|justice|principles|ethics

origin:
late Middle English (denoting straightness): from Old French, from late Latin rectitudo, from Latin rectus ‘right, straight’.


word: RECTOR
russian_word: ректор
origin: late Middle English: from Latin rector ‘ruler’, from rect- ‘ruled’, from the verb regere .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛktə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛktə
definition:
(in the Church of England) the incumbent of a parish where all tithes formerly passed to the incumbent.|the head of certain universities, colleges, and schools.


word: RECTORY
russian_word: дом приходского священника
definition: a rector's house.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛkt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrɛkt(ə)ri
origin:
mid 16th century: from Old French rectorie or medieval Latin rectoria, from Latin rector (see rector).


word: RECUMBENT
russian_word: лежачий
example: recumbent statues
definition: (especially of a person or effigy) lying down.
antonyms: erect|standing|upright
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈkʌmb(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkʌmb(ə)nt
synonyms:
lying|flat|horizontal|stretched out|sprawled|spreadeagled|reclining|resting|lounging|prone|prostrate|supine|lying down|lying flat|(flat) on one's back|on one's stomach/front|(flat) on one's face|procumbent

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin recumbent- ‘reclining’, from the verb recumbere, from re- ‘back’ + a verb related to cubare ‘to lie’.


word: RECUPERATE
russian_word: выздоравливать
definition: recover from illness or exertion.|recover or regain (something lost or taken).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkuːpəreɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkuːpəreɪt
example:
she has been recuperating from a knee injury|they will seek to recuperate the returns that go with investment

synonyms:
get better|recover|convalesce|get back to normal|get well|regain one's strength/health|get back on one's feet|get over something|be on the road to recovery|be on the mend|improve|mend|pick up|rally|revive|perk up|pull through|bounce back

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin recuperat- ‘regained’, from the verb recuperare, from re- ‘back’ + capere ‘take’.


word: RECUPERATIVE
russian_word: рекуперативный
example: the body's recuperative powers|an intercooled recuperative engine
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkuːpərətɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈkuːpərətɪv
definition:
having the effect of restoring health or strength.|relating to the action of a recuperator or a similar heat exchanger.


word: RECUPERATOR
russian_word: рекуператор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkjuːpəreɪtə
phonetics_text: rɪˈkjuːpəreɪtə
definition:
a form of heat exchanger in which hot waste gases from a furnace are conducted continuously along a system of flues where they impart heat to incoming air or gaseous fuel.


word: RECUR
russian_word: повторяться
example: when the symptoms recurred, the doctor diagnosed something different
definition: occur again periodically or repeatedly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkəː
phonetics_text: rɪˈkəː
synonyms:
happen again|reoccur|occur again|be repeated|repeat (itself)|happen repeatedly|come and go|come back (again)|return|come round (again)|reappear|appear again|flare up|recrudesce

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘return to’): from Latin recurrere, from re- ‘again, back’ + currere ‘run’.


word: RECURRENT
russian_word: повторяющийся
example: she had a recurrent dream about falling|the recurrent nerve leaves the hypocerebral ganglion
antonyms: isolated|single|unique
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkʌr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkʌr(ə)nt
definition:
occurring often or repeatedly.|(of a nerve or blood vessel) turning back so as to reverse direction.

synonyms:
repeated|recurring|repetitive|reiterative|periodic|happening at intervals|cyclical|cyclic|seasonal|perennial|regular|habitual|chronic|continual|frequent|intermittent|sporadic|spasmodic|odd

origin:
late 16th century (in recurrent (sense 2)): from Latin recurrent- ‘running back’, from the verb recurrere (see recur).


word: RECURSIVE
russian_word: рекурсивный
definition: characterized by recurrence or repetition.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈkəːsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈkəːsɪv
origin:
late 18th century (in the general sense): from late Latin recurs- ‘returned’ (from the verb recurrere ‘run back’) + -ive. Specific uses have arisen in the 20th century.


word: RECUSAL
russian_word: отвод
example: prosecutors filed a motion for her recusal in one of the cases
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkjuːzəl
phonetics_text: rɪˈkjuːzəl
definition:
the withdrawal of a judge, prosecutor, or juror from a case on the grounds that they are unqualified to perform legal duties because of a possible conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.


word: RECUSE
russian_word: самоотвод
example: he was recused when he referred to the corporation as ‘a bunch of villains’
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkjuːz
phonetics_text: rɪˈkjuːz
definition:
challenge (a judge, prosecutor, or juror) as unqualified to perform legal duties because of a potential conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘reject’, specifically ‘object to a judge as prejudiced’): from Latin recusare ‘to refuse’, from re- (expressing opposition) + causa ‘a cause’. The current sense dates from the early 19th century.


word: RED
russian_word: красный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɛd
phonetics_text: rɛd
example:
her red lips|the era of nuclear anxiety, the red scare and covert CIA plots|red battle stamps his foot and nations feel the shock|a red Xhosa wife spends several years in her mother-in-law's homestead

definition:
of a colour at the end of the spectrum next to orange and opposite violet, as of blood, fire, or rubies.|communist or socialist (used especially during the Cold War with reference to the Soviet Union).|involving bloodshed or violence.|(of a Xhosa) coming from a traditional tribal culture.

synonyms:
scarlet|vermilion|ruby|ruby red|ruby-coloured|cherry|cherry red|cerise|cardinal|carmine|wine|wine red|wine-coloured|claret|claret red|claret-coloured|blood red|flame|flaming|coral|cochineal|rose|rosy|brick red|maroon|rusty|foxy|rufous|reddish|damask|vermeil|sanguine|gules|rufescent

origin:
Old English rēad, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rood and German rot, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin rufus, ruber, Greek eruthros, and Sanskrit rudhira ‘red’.


word: REDACTION
russian_word: редакция
example: what was left after the redaction would be virtually useless
definition: the process of editing text for publication.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈdakʃ(ə)n
origin:
late 18th century: from French rédaction, from late Latin redactio(n- ), from redigere ‘bring back’.


word: REDAN
russian_word: редан
definition: an arrow-shaped embankment forming part of a fortification.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdan
phonetics_text: rɪˈdan
origin:
late 17th century: from French, from redent ‘notching (of a saw)’, from re- ‘again’ (expressing repetition) + dent ‘tooth’.


word: REDCOAT
russian_word: английский солдат
definition: a British soldier.|(in the UK) an organizer and entertainer at a Butlin's holiday camp.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdkəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdkəʊt
origin:
early 16th century (in redcoat (sense 1 of the noun)): so named because of the colour of the uniform. redcoat (sense 2 of the noun) dates from the 1950s.


word: REDCURRANT
russian_word: красная смородина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛdˈkʌr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɛdˈkʌr(ə)nt
definition:
a small, sweet red berry, chiefly used to make a jelly eaten as an accompaniment to cold meats.|the shrub which produces the redcurrant, related to the blackcurrant.


word: RED DEER
russian_word: благородный олень
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a deer with a rich red-brown summer coat that turns dull brownish-grey in winter, the male having large branched antlers. It is native to North America, Eurasia, and North Africa.


word: REDE
russian_word: разгадка
example: what is your rede?
definition: advice or counsel given by one person to another.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: riːd
phonetics_text: riːd
origin:
Old English rǣd, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch raad, German Rat . The verb is a variant of read, of the same origin.


word: REDECORATION
russian_word: ремонт
example: parts of the house could benefit from some redecoration
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːdɛkəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːdɛkəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process of applying paint or wallpaper in a room or building again, typically in a different style from before.


word: REDEEM
russian_word: выкупать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈdiːm
phonetics_text: rɪˈdiːm
example:
a disappointing debate redeemed only by an outstanding speech|statutes enabled state peasants to redeem their land|the party prepared to redeem the pledges of the past three years

definition:
compensate for the faults or bad aspects of.|gain or regain possession of (something) in exchange for payment.|fulfil or carry out (a pledge or promise).

synonyms:
save|compensate for the defects of|rescue|justify|vindicate|compensating|compensatory|extenuating|offsetting|qualifying|redemptive|extenuatory

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘buy back’): from Old French redimer or Latin redimere, from re- ‘back’ + emere ‘buy’.


word: REDEEMABLE
russian_word: выкупу
example: socially redeemable ideas|the prize is not redeemable for cash
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdiːməb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈdiːməb(ə)l
definition:
able to be recovered or saved from faults or bad aspects.|(of a coupon, voucher, etc.) able to be exchanged for goods, a discount, or money.


word: REDEEMING
russian_word: искупающий
example: tuneless dirges with few redeeming features|the transforming power of God's redeeming grace
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdiːmɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈdiːmɪŋ
definition:
compensating for someone's or something's faults; compensatory.|able to save people from sin, error, or evil.


word: REDEMPTION
russian_word: выкуп
example: God's plans for the redemption of his world|the peasants found the terms of redemption unattractive
synonyms: saving|saving/freeing from sin|vindication|absolution
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdɛm(p)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈdɛm(p)ʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.|the action of regaining or gaining possession of something in exchange for payment, or clearing a debt.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin redemptio(n- ), from redimere ‘buy back’ (see redeem).


word: RED GROUSE
russian_word: шотландская куропатка
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a bird of a race of the willow grouse having entirely reddish-brown plumage, native only to the British Isles and familiar as a moorland game bird.


word: RED-HANDED
russian_word: полнокровный
example: I caught him red-handed, stealing a wallet
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
used to indicate that a person has been discovered in or just after the act of doing something wrong or illegal.

synonyms:
in the act|in flagrante delicto|dead to rights|bang to rights|with one's trousers down|with one's pants down


word: REDHEAD
russian_word: рыжеволосый
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdhɛd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdhɛd
definition:
a person with reddish hair.|a North American diving duck with a reddish-brown head, related to and resembling the pochard.


word: RED HERRING
russian_word: копченая селедка
example: the book is fast-paced, exciting, and full of red herrings
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a dried smoked herring, which is turned red by the smoke.|a clue or piece of information which is or is intended to be misleading or distracting.

synonyms:
bluff|blind|ruse|feint|deception|subterfuge|hoax|trick|ploy|device|wile|sham|pretence|artifice|cover|smokescreen|distraction|expedient|contrivance|machination|dodge|put-on|put-up job


word: REDINTEGRATE
russian_word: воссоединять
example: to redintegrate the Honour and Credit of that exploded Faction
definition: restore (something) to a state of wholeness, unity, or perfection.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɛˈdɪntɪɡreɪt
phonetics_text: rɛˈdɪntɪɡreɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin redintegrat- ‘made whole’, from the verb redintegrare, from re(d)- ‘again’ + integrare ‘restore’.


word: REDISCOUNT
russian_word: переучет
example: the bank does not rediscount eligible bills back to the market in such cases
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
(of a central bank) discount (a bill of exchange or similar instrument) that has already been discounted by a commercial bank.


word: REDNECK
russian_word: деревенщина
example: redneck towns
definition: a working-class white person from the southern US, especially a politically reactionary one.
origin: mid 19th century: from the idea of the back of the neck being sunburned from outdoor work.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdnɛk
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdnɛk
synonyms:
provincial|bumpkin|country bumpkin|yokel|rustic|country dweller|peasant|country cousin|reactionary|conservative|hayseed|hick|hillbilly|rube|apple-knocker


word: REDOLENT
russian_word: благоухающий
example: names redolent of history and tradition|a rich, inky, redolent wine
definition: strongly reminiscent or suggestive of.|fragrant or sweet-smelling.
synonyms: evocative|suggestive|reminiscent|remindful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛdəl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdəl(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘fragrant’): from Old French, or from Latin redolent- ‘giving out a strong smell’, from re(d)- ‘back, again’ + olere ‘to smell’.


word: REDOUBLE
russian_word: удваивать
example: we will redouble our efforts to reform agricultural policy
definition: make or become much greater, more intense, or more numerous.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːˈdʌb(ə)l
phonetics_text: riːˈdʌb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from French redoubler, from re- ‘again’ + doubler ‘to double’. The noun dates from the early 20th century.


word: REDOUBT
russian_word: редут
example: the British stormed the rebel redoubt
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdaʊt
phonetics_text: rɪˈdaʊt
definition:
a temporary or supplementary fortification, typically square or polygonal and without flanking defences.

origin:
early 17th century: from French redoute, from obsolete Italian ridotta and medieval Latin reductus ‘refuge’, from Latin reducere ‘withdraw’. The -b- was added by association with doubt.


word: REDOUBTABLE
russian_word: грозный
example: he was a redoubtable debater
definition: (of a person) formidable, especially as an opponent.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdaʊtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈdaʊtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
formidable|awe-inspiring|fearsome|daunting|alarming|impressive|commanding|tremendous|indomitable|invincible|resolute|doughty|mighty|strong|powerful

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French redoutable, from redouter ‘to fear’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + douter ‘to doubt’.


word: REDOUND
russian_word: способствовать
example: his latest diplomatic effort will redound to his credit|may his sin redound upon his head!
definition: contribute greatly to (a person's credit or honour).|come back upon; rebound on.
synonyms: contribute to|be conducive to|result in|lead to|effect|have an effect on|affect|conduce to
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈdaʊnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈdaʊnd
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘surge up, overflow’): from Old French redonder, from Latin redundare ‘surge’, from re(d)- ‘again’ + unda ‘a wave’.


word: REDPOLL
russian_word: чечетка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdpəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdpəʊl
definition:
a mainly brown finch with a red forehead, related to the linnet and widespread in Eurasia and North America.|an animal of a breed of red-haired polled cattle.


word: REDRESS
russian_word: возмещение
definition: remedy or set right (an undesirable or unfair situation).|set upright again.
origin: Middle English: the verb from Old French redresser ; the noun via Anglo-Norman French redresse .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈdrɛs
phonetics_text: rɪˈdrɛs
example:
the power to redress the grievances of our citizens|some ambitious Architect being called to redress a leaning Wall

synonyms:
rectify|correct|put/set/make right|right|put to rights|compensate for|sort out|deal with|amend|remedy|repair|fix|cure|heal|make good|reform|harmonize|retrieve|improve|better|ameliorate|adjust|resolve|settle|square|patch up|even up|regulate|equalize|make level|regularize


word: REDSHIRT
russian_word: Редшерт
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛdʃəːt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdʃəːt
example:
a redshirt freshman who had never started a college game and wasn't expecting to start in one this year

definition:
a college athlete who is withdrawn from university sporting events for a year to develop their skills and extend their period of playing eligibility by a further year at this level of competition.|a supporter of Garibaldi, in particular one of the thousand who sailed with him in 1860 to conquer Sicily.


word: REDSTART
russian_word: горихвостка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdstɑːt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdstɑːt
definition:
a Eurasian and North African songbird related to the chats, having a reddish tail and underparts.|an American warbler, the male of which is black with either a red belly or orange markings.


word: REDUCE
russian_word: уменьшить
antonyms: increase|enlarge|put up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈdjuːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈdjuːs|rɪˈdʒuːs
example:
the need for businesses to reduce costs|she has been reduced to near poverty|it is difficult to understand how lava could have been reduced to dust|hydrogen for reducing the carbon dioxide|Joe's reducing a dislocated thumb

definition:
make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.|bring someone or something to (a worse or less desirable state or condition).|change a substance to (a different or more basic form).|cause to combine chemically with hydrogen.|restore (a dislocated part of the body) to its proper position by manipulation or surgery.|besiege and capture (a town or fortress).

synonyms:
lessen|make less|make smaller|lower|bring down|decrease|turn down|diminish|take the edge off|minimize|shrink|narrow|contract|shorten|foreshorten|truncate|taper|close|abbreviate|condense|concentrate|abridge|deplete|axe|cut|cut back/down|make cutbacks in|scale down|trim|slim (down)|prune|chop|curtail|limit|moderate|lighten|ease|dilute|mitigate|commute|qualify|alleviate|relax|abate|amortize|make cheaper|lower the price of|lower/cut in price|cheapen|mark down|discount|put on sale|offer at a giveaway price|slash|knock down

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin reducere, from re- ‘back, again’ + ducere ‘bring, lead’. The original sense was ‘bring back’ (hence ‘restore’, now surviving in reduce (sense 5)); this led to ‘bring to a different state’, then ‘bring to a simpler or lower state’ (hence reduce (sense 3)); and finally ‘diminish in size or amount’ (reduce (sense 1), dating from the late 18th century).


word: REDUCIBLE
russian_word: приводимым
example: Shakespeare's major soliloquies are not reducible to categories
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdjuːsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈdjuːsɪb(ə)l
definition:
(of a subject or problem) capable of being simplified in presentation or analysis.|(of a polynomial) able to be factorized into two or more polynomials of lower degree.


word: REDUCTION
russian_word: сокращение
antonyms: promotion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
talks on arms reduction|we must see if the fracture requires reduction|the reaction is limited to reduction to the hydrocarbon|the process of vowel reduction

definition:
the action or fact of making something smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.|a thing that is made smaller or less in size or amount.|the action of remedying a dislocation or fracture by returning the affected part of the body to its normal position.|the process or result of reducing or being reduced.|substitution of a sound which requires less muscular effort to articulate.

synonyms:
depletion|cut|cutting|cutback|scaling down|trimming|slimming (down)|pruning|axing|chopping|curtailment|limiting|easing|lightening|moderation|dilution|mitigation|commuting|qualification|alleviation|relaxation|abatement|demotion|downgrading|lowering|abasement|humbling|demeaning|belittling|humiliation|bringing low

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action of bringing back): from Old French, or from Latin reductio(n- ), from reducere ‘bring back, restore’ (see reduce). The sense development was broadly similar to that of reduce; sense 1 dates from the late 17th century.


word: REDUCTIONISM
russian_word: редукционизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
the practice of analysing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of its simple or fundamental constituents, especially when this is said to provide a sufficient explanation.


word: REDUCTIONIST
russian_word: редукционистская
example: a crude reductionist
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
a person who analyses and describes a complex phenomenon in terms of its simple or fundamental constituents.


word: REDUCTIVE
russian_word: восстановительное
example: such a conclusion by itself would be reductive|the reductive elimination of acetyl iodide
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdʌktɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʌktɪv
definition:
tending to present a subject or problem in a simplified form, especially one viewed as crude.|relating to chemical reduction.


word: REDUNDANT
russian_word: избыточный
example: many of the old skills had become redundant
definition: not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
antonyms: essential|necessary
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdʌnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʌnd(ə)nt
synonyms:
unnecessary|not required|inessential|unessential|needless|unneeded|uncalled for|dispensable|disposable|expendable|unwanted|useless|surplus|surplus to requirements|superfluous|too much/many|supernumerary|excessive|in excess|extra|additional|spare|de trop|needed like a hole in the head

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘abundant’): from Latin redundant- ‘surging up’, from the verb redundare (see redound).


word: REDUPLICATE
russian_word: удваивать
example: the upper parts of the harmony may be reduplicated at the octave above
definition: repeat or copy so as to form another of the same kind.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈdjuːplɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈdjuːplɪkeɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin reduplicat- ‘doubled again’, from the verb reduplicare, from re- ‘again’ + duplicare (see duplicate).


word: REDWING
russian_word: дрозд-белобровик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdwɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdwɪŋ
definition:
a small migratory thrush that breeds mainly in northern Europe, with red underwings showing in flight.|any of a number of red-winged birds, especially the American red-winged blackbird.


word: REDWOOD
russian_word: красное дерево
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdwʊd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdwʊd
definition:
either of two giant conifers with thick fibrous bark, native to California and Oregon. They are the tallest known trees and are among the largest living organisms.


word: REED
russian_word: тростник
origin: Old English hrēod, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch riet and German Ried .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːd
phonetics_text: riːd
example:
the jurors were mere reeds in the wind|a reed instrument|the permanent magnet closes the reeds and contacts together

definition:
a tall, slender-leaved plant of the grass family, which grows in water or on marshy ground.|a weak or impressionable person.|a piece of thin cane or metal, sometimes doubled, which vibrates in a current of air to produce the sound of various musical instruments, as in the mouthpiece of a clarinet or oboe or at the base of some organ pipes.|an electrical contact used in a magnetically operated switch or relay.|a comblike implement (originally made from reed or cane) used by a weaver to separate the threads of the warp and correctly position the weft.|a set of semi-cylindrical adjacent mouldings like reeds laid together.


word: REEDED
russian_word: заросший тростником
example: a front door with a reeded glass panel|a double-reeded oboe
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈriːdɪd
phonetics_text: ˈriːdɪd
definition:
shaped into or decorated with semi-cylindrical adjacent mouldings.|(of a wind instrument) having a reed or reeds.


word: REEDY
russian_word: пронзительный
example: Franco's reedy voice|low reedy islands|a reedy twelve-year-old
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈriːdi
phonetics_text: ˈriːdi
definition:
(of a sound or voice) high and thin in tone.|(of water or land) full of or edged with reeds.|(of a person) tall and thin.


word: REEF
russian_word: риф
definition: a ridge of jagged rock, coral, or sand just above or below the surface of the sea.
synonyms: shoal|bar|sandbar|sandbank|spit|ridge|ledge|shelf|atoll|key|barrier reef|fringing reef|skerry|cay
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːf
phonetics_text: riːf
origin:
late 16th century (earlier as riff ): from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch rif, ref, from Old Norse rif, literally ‘rib’, used in the same sense; compare with reef2.


word: REEK
russian_word: вонь
example: the yard reeked of wet straw and horse manure
definition: smell strongly and unpleasantly; stink.
synonyms: stink|smell|smell bad/disgusting|give off a bad smell|stink/smell to high heaven
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːk
phonetics_text: riːk
origin:
Old English rēocan  ‘give out smoke or vapour’, rēc (noun) ‘smoke’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rieken ‘to smell’, rook ‘smoke’, German riechen ‘to smell’, Rauch ‘smoke’.


word: REEL
russian_word: катушка
example: a cotton reel|we put on the record player and danced reels
origin: Old English hrēol, denoting a rotatory device on which spun thread is wound; of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: riːl
phonetics_text: riːl
definition:
a cylinder on which film, wire, thread, or other flexible materials can be wound.|a lively Scottish or Irish folk dance.


word: REFECTORY
russian_word: трапезная
definition: a room used for communal meals in an educational or religious institution.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfɛkt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɪˈfɛkt(ə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin refectorium, from Latin reficere ‘refresh, renew’, from re- ‘back’ + facere ‘make’.


word: REFER
russian_word: сослаться
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfəː
phonetics_text: rɪˈfəː
example:
her mother never referred to him again|the prisoner may require the Secretary of State to refer his case to the Parole Board|the God to whom he habitually referred his highest inspirations|twenty-four students passed the prescribed test while four students were referred

definition:
mention or allude to.|pass a matter to (a higher body) for a decision.|trace or attribute something to (someone or something) as a cause or source.|fail (a candidate in an examination).

synonyms:
mention|make mention of|make reference to|allude to|touch on|speak of/about|talk of/about|write about|cite|name|comment on|deal with|go into|treat (of)|note|point out|call attention to|bring up|raise|broach|introduce|advert to|moot

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French referer or Latin referre ‘carry back’, from re- ‘back’ + ferre ‘bring’.


word: REFEREE
russian_word: судья
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɛfəˈriː
phonetics_text: rɛfəˈriː
example:
the referee sent off two French players|the subject of a bad reference can sue the referee for libel

definition:
an official who watches a game or match closely to ensure that the rules are adhered to and (in some sports) to arbitrate on matters arising from the play.|a person willing to testify in writing about the character or ability of someone, especially an applicant for a job.

synonyms:
umpire|judge|referee's assistant|assistant referee|linesman|line judge|adjudicator|arbitrator|arbiter|mediator|ref


word: REFERENCE
russian_word: ссылка
synonyms: mention of|allusion to|comment on|remark about|citation of|instance of
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛf(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈrɛf(ə)r(ə)ns
example:
he made reference to the enormous power of the mass media|popular works of reference|I was dismissed from the library, but with a good reference

definition:
the action of mentioning or alluding to something.|the use of a source of information in order to ascertain something.|a letter from a previous employer testifying to someone's ability or reliability, used when applying for a new job.


word: REFERENCE BOOK
russian_word: справочник
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a book intended to be consulted for information on specific matters.|another term for pass1 (sense 3 of the noun).


word: REFERENDUM
russian_word: референдум
synonyms: public vote|plebiscite|popular vote|ballot|poll
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm
phonetics_text: ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm
definition:
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin, gerund (‘referring’) or neuter gerundive (‘something to be brought back or referred’) of referre (see refer).


word: REFERENTIAL
russian_word: справочный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌrɛfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌrɛfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)l
definition:
containing or of the nature of references or allusions.|relating to a referent, in particular having the external world rather than a text or language as a referent.


word: REFERRER
russian_word: ссылающаяся
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfəːrə
phonetics_text: rɪˈfəːrə
example:
because the referrer knows the pulmonologist, he can give the patient more insight into what the doctor is like|most of the referrers for my website are search engines

definition:
a person who sends or directs someone to an expert or specialist for consideration.|the last web address accessed by a browser prior to loading a particular web page, used to identify sources of traffic.


word: REFINE
russian_word: совершенствовать
example: sugar was refined by boiling it in huge iron vats
antonyms: adulterate
synonyms: purify|clarify|clear|cleanse|strain|sift|filter|rarefy|distil|concentrate|process|treat|rectify
origin: late 16th century: from re- ‘again’ + the verb fine1, influenced by French raffiner .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfʌɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈfʌɪn
definition:
remove impurities or unwanted elements from (a substance), typically as part of an industrial process.


word: REFINED
russian_word: изысканный
example: refined sugar
definition: with impurities or unwanted elements having been removed by processing.
antonyms: crude|raw
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈfʌɪnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈfʌɪnd
synonyms:
purified|pure|clarified|clear|strained|sifted|filtered|rarefied|distilled|concentrated|processed|treated|polished|rectified


word: REFINEMENT
russian_word: изысканность
example: the refinement of uranium
definition: the process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.
antonyms: adulteration
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfʌɪnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfʌɪnm(ə)nt
synonyms:
purification|refining|clarifying|clarification|cleansing|straining|sifting|filtering|filtration|rarefaction|distillation|concentration|processing|treatment|treating|rectification


word: REFLATE
russian_word: восстановить прежний
example: Western states pressured Schmidt to reflate the West German economy faster
origin: 1930s: from re- ‘again’, on the pattern of inflate, deflate .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈfleɪt
phonetics_text: riːˈfleɪt
definition:
expand the level of output of (an economy) by government stimulus, using either fiscal or monetary policy.


word: REFLATION
russian_word: рефляция
example: signs of global reflation are definitely in the air
origin: 1930s: from re- ‘again’, on the pattern of inflation, deflation .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːˈfleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːˈfleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
expansion in the level of output of an economy by government stimulus, using either fiscal or monetary policy.


word: REFLECT
russian_word: отражать
antonyms: absorb
synonyms: send back|throw back|cast back|give back|bounce back|shine back|return|mirror
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈflɛkt
phonetics_text: rɪˈflɛkt
example:
when the sun's rays hit the Earth a lot of the heat is reflected back into space|he reflected with sadness on the unhappiness of his marriage|the incident reflects badly on the operating practices of the airlines

definition:
(of a surface or body) throw back (heat, light, or sound) without absorbing it.|think deeply or carefully about.|(of an action or situation) bring credit or discredit to the relevant parties.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reflecter or Latin reflectere, from re- ‘back’ + flectere ‘to bend’.


word: REFLECTANCE
russian_word: коэффициент отражения
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈflɛkt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈflɛkt(ə)ns
definition:
the measure of the proportion of light or other radiation striking a surface which is reflected off it.


word: REFLECTION
russian_word: отражение
example: the reflection of light|he doesn't get much time for reflection
antonyms: absorption
synonyms: sending back|throwing back|casting back|mirroring|backscattering
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈflɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈflɛkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without absorbing it.|serious thought or consideration.|the conceptual operation of inverting a system or event with respect to a plane, each element being transferred perpendicularly through the plane to a point the same distance the other side of it.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reflexion or late Latin reflexio(n- ), from Latin reflex- ‘bent back’, from the verb reflectere .


word: REFLECTIVE
russian_word: отражающий
example: reflective glass|a quiet, reflective, astute man
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈflɛktɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈflɛktɪv
definition:
providing a reflection; capable of reflecting light or other radiation.|relating to or characterized by deep thought; thoughtful.


word: REFLECTIVITY
russian_word: отражательная способность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːflɛkˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: riːflɛkˈtɪvɪti
definition:
the property of reflecting light or radiation, especially reflectance as measured independently of the thickness of a material.


word: REFLECTOMETER
russian_word: рефлектометр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːflɛkˈtɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌriːflɛkˈtɒmɪtə
definition:
an instrument for measuring quantities associated with reflection, in particular (also time domain reflectometer ) an instrument for locating discontinuities (e.g. faults in electric cables) by detecting and measuring reflected pulses of energy.


word: REFLECTOR
russian_word: отражатель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈflɛktə
phonetics_text: rɪˈflɛktə
definition:
a piece of glass or metal for reflecting light in a required direction, e.g. a red one on the back of a motor vehicle or bicycle.


word: REFLEX
russian_word: рефлекс
example: a newborn baby is equipped with basic reflexes|the reflex from the window lit his face
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈriːflɛks
phonetics_text: ˈriːflɛks
definition:
an action that is performed without conscious thought as a response to a stimulus.|a thing which is determined by and reproduces the essential features or qualities of something else.|a reflected source of light.

origin:
early 16th century (as a noun denoting reflection): from Latin reflexus ‘a bending back’, from reflectere ‘bend back’ (see reflect).


word: REFLEXIVE
russian_word: возвратный
example: at concerts like this one standing ovations have become reflexive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈflɛksɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈflɛksɪv
definition:
denoting a pronoun that refers back to the subject of the clause in which it is used, e.g. myself, themselves.|(of a relation) always holding between a term and itself.|(of a method or theory in the social sciences) taking account of itself or of the effect of the personality or presence of the researcher on what is being investigated.|(of an action) performed as a reflex, without conscious thought.


word: REFLEXOLOGIST
russian_word: рефлексотерапевт
example: reflexologists know how intimately the soles of the feet relate to the rest of the body
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːflɛkˈsɒlədʒɪst
phonetics_text: riːflɛkˈsɒlədʒɪst
definition:
a practitioner of reflexology, a system of massage based on the theory that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head linked to every part of the body.


word: REFLEXOLOGY
russian_word: рефлексотерапия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːflɛkˈsɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌriːflɛkˈsɒlədʒi
definition:
a system of massage used to relieve tension and treat illness, based on the theory that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head linked to every part of the body.|the scientific study of reflex action as it affects behaviour.


word: REFLOW
russian_word: оплавления
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈriːfləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈriːfləʊ
definition:
the action of rearranging electronic text on a page having varied such features as type size, line length, and spacing.|a soldering technique in which surface-mount components are held in position on a circuit board using a paste containing solder which melts to form soldered joints when the circuit board is heated.


word: REFLUENT
russian_word: отливающий
example: the refluent waters of the Mississippi
definition: flowing back; ebbing.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛflʊənt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛflʊənt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin refluent- ‘flowing back’, from the verb refluere, from re- ‘back’ + fluere ‘to flow’.


word: REFLUX
russian_word: рефлюкс
origin: Middle English: from re- and flux.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈriːflʌks
phonetics_text: ˈriːflʌks
example:
the majority of leg ulcer patients are elderly with simple superficial vein reflux|the mixture was heated at reflux under nitrogen

definition:
the flow of a fluid through a vessel or valve in the body in a direction opposite to normal.|the process of boiling a liquid so that any vapour is liquefied and returned to the stock.


word: REFORM
russian_word: реформа
example: the Bill will reform the tax system
antonyms: preserve|maintain
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈfɔːm
phonetics_text: rɪˈfɔːm
definition:
make changes in (something, especially an institution or practice) in order to improve it.|subject (hydrocarbons) to a catalytic process in which straight-chain molecules are converted to branched forms for use as petrol.

synonyms:
improve|make better|better|ameliorate|refine|mend|rectify|correct|rehabilitate|alter|make alterations to|change|adjust|make adjustments to|adapt|amend|revise|recast|reshape|refashion|redesign|restyle|revamp|renovate|rework|redo|remake|rebuild|reconstruct|remodel|make over|remould|reorganize|revolutionize|reorient|reorientate|vary|transform|convert|customize|tailor|permute|permutate

origin:
Middle English (as a verb in the senses ‘restore (peace)’ and ‘bring back to the original condition’): from Old French reformer or Latin reformare, from re- ‘back’ + formare ‘to form, shape’. The noun dates from the mid 17th century.


word: REFORMATION
russian_word: реформирование
origin: late Middle English: from Latin reformatio(n- ), from reformare ‘shape again’ (see reform).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of reforming an institution or practice.|a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.


word: REFRACT
russian_word: преломлять
example: the rays of light are refracted by the material of the lens
definition: (of water, air, or glass) make (a ray of light) change direction when it enters at an angle.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfrakt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrakt
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin refract- ‘broken up’, from the verb refringere, from re- ‘back’ + frangere ‘to break’.


word: REFRACTION
russian_word: преломление
origin: mid 17th century: from late Latin refractio(n- ), from refringere ‘break up’ (see refract).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfrakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrakʃ(ə)n
definition:
the fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc. being deflected in passing obliquely through the interface between one medium and another or through a medium of varying density.


word: REFRACTORY
russian_word: огнеупорный
example: his refractory pony|some granules are refractory to secretory stimuli
definition: stubborn or unmanageable.|resistant to a process or stimulus.
antonyms: obedient|manageable
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈfrakt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrakt(ə)ri
synonyms:
obstinate|stubborn|stubborn as a mule|mulish|bull-headed|pig-headed|obdurate|headstrong|self-willed|wayward|wilful|perverse|contrary|recalcitrant|obstreperous|disobedient|insubordinate|rebellious|mutinous|defiant|stiff-necked|intractable|intransigent|unyielding|unmalleable|unmanageable|ungovernable|unpersuadable|thrawn|cussed|bloody-minded|bolshie|stroppy|balky|contumacious|froward|contrarious

origin:
early 17th century: alteration of obsolete refractary, from Latin refractarius ‘stubborn’ (see also refract).


word: REFRAIN
russian_word: воздерживаться
example: she refrained from comment
definition: stop oneself from doing something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfreɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈfreɪn
synonyms:
abstain|desist|hold back|stop oneself|withhold|forbear|forgo|do without|dispense with|resist the temptation to|avoid|steer clear of|give a wide berth to|have nothing to do with|fight shy of|eschew|shun|renounce|forswear|abjure|leave alone|not touch|reject|stop|cease|finish|discontinue|give up|break off|drop|quit|leave off|kick|swear off|jack in|forsake

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘restrain a thought or feeling’): from Old French refrener, from Latin refrenare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + frenum ‘bridle’.


word: REFRAME
russian_word: переосмыслить
example: I reframed my question
part_of_speech: verb
definition:
place (a picture or photograph) in a new frame.|frame or express (words or a concept or plan) differently.


word: REFRESH
russian_word: обновление
example: the shower had refreshed her|the tea is cold and the pot needs refreshing
antonyms: weary
origin: late Middle English: from Old French refreschier, from re- ‘back’ + fres(che ) ‘fresh’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈfrɛʃ
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɛʃ
definition:
give new strength or energy to; reinvigorate.|pour more (drink) for someone or refill (a container) with drink.

synonyms:
reinvigorate|revitalize|revive|restore|brace|fortify|strengthen|give new strength to|enliven|perk up|stimulate|freshen|energize|exhilarate|reanimate|wake up|resuscitate|revivify|rejuvenate|regenerate|renew|breathe new life into|blow away the cobwebs|buck up|pep up|inspirit


word: REFRESHER
russian_word: напоминание
example: candidates take some refresher training before coming back|the enhanced refresher for the retrial
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfrɛʃə
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɛʃə
definition:
an activity that refreshes one's skills or knowledge.|an extra fee payable to counsel in a prolonged case.


word: REFRESHING
russian_word: освежающий
example: a refreshing drink
definition: serving to refresh or reinvigorate someone.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ
synonyms:
invigorating|revitalizing|reviving|restoring|bracing|fortifying|enlivening|stimulating|freshening|energizing|exhilarating|reanimating|revivifying|rejuvenating|thirst-quenching|inspiriting


word: REFRESHMENT
russian_word: отдых
example: light refreshments are available|holidays are for refreshment and recreation
definition: a light snack or drink.|the giving of fresh strength or energy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfrɛʃm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɛʃm(ə)nt
synonyms:
food and drink|sustenance|fare|liquid refreshment|snacks|titbits|eatables|a bite|drinks|nibbles|eats|grub|bread|nosh|chow|booze|scoff|chuck|comestibles|provender|victuals|vittles|viands|meat|commons|aliment|pabulum

origin:
late Middle English (in refreshment (sense 2)): from Old French refreschement, from the verb refreschier (see refresh).


word: REFRIGERANT
russian_word: холодильный
definition: a substance used for refrigeration.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rɪˈfrɪdʒ(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɪdʒ(ə)r(ə)nt
origin:
late 16th century (denoting a substance that cools or allays fever): from French réfrigérant or Latin refrigerant- ‘making cool’, from the verb refrigerare (see refrigerate).


word: REFRIGERATE
russian_word: хранить в холодильнике
example: refrigerate the dough for one hour
antonyms: heat|defrost
synonyms: keep cold|cool|cool down|chill|freeze|deep-freeze|ice
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪt
definition:
subject (food or drink) to cold in order to chill or preserve it, typically by placing it in a refrigerator.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin refrigerat- ‘made cool’, from the verb refrigerare, from re- ‘back’ + frigus, frigor- ‘cold’.


word: REFRIGERATOR
russian_word: холодильник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə
phonetics_text: rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə
definition:
an appliance or compartment which is artificially kept cool and used to store food and drink. Modern refrigerators generally make use of the cooling effect produced when a volatile liquid is forced to evaporate in a sealed system in which it can be condensed back to liquid outside the refrigerator.


word: REFUGEE
russian_word: беженец
example: tens of thousands of refugees fled their homes
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛfjʊˈdʒiː
phonetics_text: rɛfjʊˈdʒiː
definition:
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

synonyms:
displaced person|DP|escapee|fugitive|asylum seeker|runaway|exile|émigré|stateless person|outcast|returnee|reffo

origin:
late 17th century: from French réfugié ‘gone in search of refuge’, past participle of ( se) réfugier, from refuge (see refuge).


word: REFUGIUM
russian_word: рефугиум
origin: 1950s: from Latin, literally ‘place of refuge’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfjuːdʒɪəm
phonetics_text: rɪˈfjuːdʒɪəm
definition:
an area in which a population of organisms can survive through a period of unfavourable conditions, especially glaciation.


word: REFULGENT
russian_word: сияющий
example: refulgent blue eyes
definition: shining very brightly.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt
origin:
late 15th century: from Latin refulgent- ‘shining out’, from the verb refulgere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + fulgere ‘to shine’.


word: REFUND
russian_word: возврат
example: if you're not delighted with your purchase, we guarantee to refund your money in full
definition: pay back (money), typically to a customer who is not satisfied with goods or services bought.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
repay|give back|return|pay back|restore|replace|make good|reimburse|compensate|recompense|square accounts with|settle up with|make restitution/amends to|recoup|remunerate|indemnify

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘pour back’ and ‘restore’): from Old French refonder or Latin refundere, from re- ‘back’ + fundere ‘pour’, later associated with the verb fund. The noun dates from the mid 19th century.


word: REFURBISH
russian_word: восстанавливать
example: the premises have been completely refurbished in our corporate style
definition: renovate and redecorate (something, especially a building).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈfəːbɪʃ
phonetics_text: riːˈfəːbɪʃ
synonyms:
renovate|recondition|rehabilitate|revamp|make over|overhaul|restore|renew|develop|redevelop|rebuild|reconstruct|remodel|redecorate|brighten up|freshen up|spruce up|improve|upgrade|refit|fix up|re-equip|modernize|update|bring up to date|bring up to code|do up|rehab


word: REFUSE
russian_word: отказываться
example: I refused to answer
definition: indicate or show that one is not willing to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfjuːz
phonetics_text: rɪˈfjuːz
origin:
Middle English: from Old French refuser, probably an alteration of Latin recusare ‘to refuse’, influenced by refutare ‘refute’.


word: REFUSENIK
russian_word: отказник
origin: 1970s: from refuse1 + -nik.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfjuːznɪk
phonetics_text: rɪˈfjuːznɪk
definition:
a person in the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate, in particular, a Jewish person forbidden to emigrate to Israel.|a person who refuses to follow orders or obey the law, especially as a protest.


word: REFUTE
russian_word: опровергать
example: these claims have not been convincingly refuted
definition: prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove.
antonyms: confirm
origin: mid 16th century : from Latin refutare ‘repel, rebut’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈfjuːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈfjuːt
synonyms:
disprove|prove wrong/false|show/prove to be wrong/false|rebut|confute|give the lie to|demolish|explode|debunk|discredit|invalidate|shoot full of holes|shoot down (in flames)|blow sky-high|controvert|negative


word: REGAIN
russian_word: вернуть себе
example: he soon regained his composure
definition: obtain possession or use of (something, typically a quality or ability) again after losing it.
origin: mid 16th century: from French regagner (see re-, gain).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈɡeɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡeɪn
synonyms:
recover|get back|win back|recoup|retrieve|reclaim|repossess|have something returned|be reunited with|rescue|salvage|take back|retake|recapture|reconquer


word: REGAL
russian_word: царственный
example: her regal bearing
definition: of, resembling, or fit for a monarch, especially in being magnificent or dignified.
antonyms: plebeian
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin regalis, from rex, reg- ‘king’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈriːɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈriːɡ(ə)l
synonyms:
majestic|grand|impressive|imposing|splendid|superb|magnificent|noble|proud|stately|dignified|exalted|glorious|striking|spectacular|awe-inspiring|breathtaking|sumptuous|opulent|fine|luxurious|deluxe|lavish|resplendent|monumental|palatial|august|distinguished|great|splendiferous|ritzy|posh|splendacious|magnolious|royal|kingly|queenly|princely|sovereign|crowned


word: REGALE
russian_word: потчевать
example: he regaled her with a colourful account of that afternoon's meeting
definition: entertain or amuse (someone) with talk.
synonyms: entertain|amuse|divert|delight|fascinate|captivate|beguile|treat to
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈɡeɪl
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡeɪl
origin:
mid 17th century: from French régaler, from re- (expressing intensive force) + Old French gale ‘pleasure’.


word: REGALIA
russian_word: регалии
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈɡeɪlɪə
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡeɪlɪə
definition:
the emblems or insignia of royalty, especially the crown, sceptre, and other ornaments used at a coronation.

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘royal powers’): from medieval Latin, literally ‘royal privileges’, from Latin, neuter plural of regalis ‘regal’.


word: REGALITY
russian_word: королевские привилегии
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈɡalɪti
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡalɪti
definition:
the state of being a king or queen.|(in Scotland) territorial jurisdiction granted by the king to a powerful subject.|a royal privilege.

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French regalite or medieval Latin regalitas, from regalis ‘royal’ (see regal).


word: REGARD
russian_word: внимание
definition: consider or think of in a specified way.|(of a thing) relate to; concern.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈɡɑːd
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡɑːd
example:
she regarded London as her base|if these things regarded only myself, I could stand it with composure

synonyms:
consider|look on|view|see|hold|think|think of|contemplate|count|judge|deem|estimate|evaluate|interpret|appraise|assess|make of|find|put down as|take for|account|reckon|treat|adjudge|size up|value|rate|gauge|sum up|weigh up

origin:
Middle English: from Old French regarder ‘to watch’, from re- ‘back’ (also expressing intensive force) + garder ‘to guard’.


word: REGARDANT
russian_word: смотрящий назад
definition: looking backwards.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈɡɑːd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡɑːd(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old French, present participle of regarder ‘look (again)’.


word: REGARDING
russian_word: о
example: your recent letter regarding the above proposal
definition: in respect of; concerning.
part_of_speech: preposition
phonetic: rɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ
synonyms:
concerning|as regards|with regard to|in regard to|with respect to|in respect of|with reference to|relating to|respecting|as for|as to|re|about|apropos|on the subject of|in connection with|vis-à-vis|in re


word: REGARDLESS
russian_word: несмотря на
example: they were determined to carry on regardless
definition: despite the prevailing circumstances.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈɡɑːdləs
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡɑːdləs
synonyms:
anyway|anyhow|in any case|nevertheless|nonetheless|notwithstanding|despite everything|in spite of everything|for all that|after everything|no matter what|even so|just the same|all the same|be that as it may|in any event|come what may|(come) rain or shine|whatever the cost|still and all|irregardless|whatever|whatevs


word: REGENERATE
russian_word: регенерировать
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
example:
the lizard has to find the wherewithal to regenerate its tail|the money will be used to regenerate the heart of the town|methods were developed to regenerate the cellulose for use as fibres

definition:
(of a living organism) grow (new tissue) after loss or damage.|bring new and more vigorous life to (an area, industry, institution, etc.); revive, especially in economic terms.|precipitate (a natural polymer, especially cellulose or a protein) as fibres following chemical processing.

synonyms:
revive|revitalize|renew|restore|breathe new life into|revivify|rejuvenate|reanimate|resuscitate|reawaken|rekindle|kick-start|uplift|change radically|improve|amend|reorganize|reconstruct|renovate|overhaul|give a shot in the arm to

phonetic:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from Latin regeneratus ‘created again’, past participle of regenerare, from re- ‘again’ + generare ‘create’. The verb dates from the mid 16th century.


word: REGENERATED
russian_word: регенерируется
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: (ˌ)riːˈdʒɛnəreɪtɪd
phonetics_text: (ˌ)riːˈdʒɛnəreɪtɪd
example:
nearly half of all male crabs in natural populations possess a regenerated claw|the district is a regenerated area of the city|the stability of regenerated cellulose is lower than that of native cellulose

definition:
(of an organ or tissue) regrown.|(of an area or institution) having new and more vigorous life, especially in economic terms; revived.|(of a natural polymer, especially cellulose or a protein) precipitated as fibres following chemical processing.


word: REGENT
russian_word: регент
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin regent- ‘ruling’, from the verb regere .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈriːdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈriːdʒ(ə)nt
definition:
a person appointed to administer a state because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated.|a member of the governing body of a university or other academic institution.


word: REGGAE
russian_word: регги
origin: 1960s: perhaps related to Jamaican English rege-rege ‘quarrel, row’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛɡeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛɡeɪ
definition:
a style of popular music with a strongly accented subsidiary beat, originating in Jamaica. Reggae evolved in the late 1960s from ska and other local variations on calypso and rhythm and blues, and became widely known in the 1970s through the work of Bob Marley; its lyrics are much influenced by Rastafarian ideas.


word: REGIME
russian_word: режим
example: ideological opponents of the regime|detention centres with a very tough physical regime
definition: a government, especially an authoritarian one.|a system or ordered way of doing things.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: reɪˈʒiːm
phonetics_text: reɪˈʒiːm
synonyms:
government|authorities|system of government|rule|reign|dominion|sovereignty|jurisdiction|authority|control|command|administration|establishment|direction|management|leadership

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘regimen’): French régime, from Latin regimen ‘rule’ (see regimen). Sense 1 dates from the late 18th century (with original reference to the Ancien Régime).


word: REGIMEN
russian_word: режим
example: a regimen of one or two injections per day
origin: late Middle English (denoting the action of governing): from Latin, from regere ‘to rule’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdʒɪmən
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdʒɪmən
definition:
a prescribed course of medical treatment, diet, or exercise for the promotion or restoration of health.|a system of government.


word: REGIMENT
russian_word: полк
part_of_speech: noun|verb
example:
the Royal Highland Regiment|the powers of ecclesiastical regiment which none but the Church should wield

definition:
a permanent unit of an army typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel and divided into several companies, squadrons, or batteries and often into two battalions.|rule or government.

synonyms:
unit|outfit|force|army|group|corps|division|brigade|battalion|squadron|company|commando|battery|platoon|section|crew|detachment|contingent|band|legion|cohort

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘rule or government’): via Old French from late Latin regimentum ‘rule’, from regere ‘to rule’.


word: REGINA
russian_word: реджайна
origin: Latin, literally ‘queen’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdʒʌɪnə
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʒʌɪnə
definition:
the reigning queen (used following a name or in the titles of lawsuits, e.g. Regina v. Jones, the Crown versus Jones).


word: REGION
russian_word: область
example: the equatorial regions|the lumbar region
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːdʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈriːdʒ(ə)n
definition:
an area, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.|a part of the body, especially around or near an organ.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin regio(n- ) ‘direction, district’, from regere ‘to rule, direct’.


word: REGIONALISM
russian_word: регионализм
example: a strong expression of regionalism|evening out any highly marked regionalisms in their speech
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːdʒənəlɪzəm
phonetics_text: ˈriːdʒənəlɪzəm
definition:
the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation.|a linguistic feature peculiar to a particular region and not part of the standard language of a country.


word: REGISTER
russian_word: регистр
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛdʒɪstə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdʒɪstə
example:
a membership register|boy trebles singing in a high register|it was reproduced in full colour but unfortunately out of register|the central register shows a Roman Emperor on horseback

definition:
an official list or record of names or items.|a particular part of the range of a voice or instrument.|a variety of a language or a level of usage, as determined by degree of formality and choice of vocabulary, pronunciation, and syntax, according to the communicative purpose, social context, and standing of the user.|the exact correspondence of the position of colour components in a printed positive.|(in electronic devices) a location in a store of data, used for a specific purpose and with quick access time.|an adjustable plate for widening or narrowing an opening and regulating a draught, especially in a fire grate.|one of a number of bands or sections into which a design is divided.|short for cash register.

synonyms:
official list|listing|roll|roster|index|directory|catalogue|schedule|inventory|tally|calendar|record|chronicle|diary|journal|log|logbook|ledger|archive|annals|files

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French regestre or medieval Latin regestrum, registrum, alteration of regestum, singular of late Latin regesta ‘things recorded’, from regerere ‘enter, record’.


word: REGISTER OFFICE
russian_word: журнал записей
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
(in the UK) a local government building where civil marriages are conducted and births, marriages, and deaths are recorded with the issue of certificates.


word: REGISTRAR
russian_word: регистратор
example: the registrar of births and deaths|a registrar in rheumatology
origin: late 17th century: from medieval Latin registrarius, from registrum (see register).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛdʒɪstrɑː
phonetics_text: ˈrɛdʒɪstrɑː|ˌrɛdʒɪˈstrɑː
definition:
an official responsible for keeping a register or official records.|a middle-ranking hospital doctor undergoing training as a specialist.


word: REGISTRATION
russian_word: регистрация
example: the registration of births, marriages, and deaths|her car registration is H53 UVO
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of registering or of being registered.|the series of letters and figures identifying a motor vehicle, assigned on registration and displayed on a number plate.|a combination of stops used when playing the organ.

origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin registratio(n- ), based on Latin regerere ‘enter, record’ (see register).


word: REGRESS
russian_word: регрессировать
antonyms: progress|improve
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
they would not regress to pre-technological tribalism|a model in which C and Y are regressed on the same variables|a planet regularly regresses

definition:
return to a former or less developed state.|calculate the coefficient or coefficients of regression of (a variable) against or on another variable.|move in a retrograde direction.

synonyms:
revert|retrogress|relapse|lapse|backslide|go backwards|slip back|drift back|subside|sink back|deteriorate|decline|worsen|degenerate|get worse|fall|fall off|fall away|drop|ebb|wane|slump|go downhill|go to pot|go to the dogs|recidivate|retrograde

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Latin regressus, from regredi ‘go back, return’, from re- ‘back’ + gradi ‘to walk’.


word: REGRESSION
russian_word: регрессия
example: it is easy to blame unrest on economic regression
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
a return to a former or less developed state.|a measure of the relation between the mean value of one variable (e.g. output) and corresponding values of other variables (e.g. time and cost).


word: REGRESSIVE
russian_word: регрессивный
example: regressive aspects of recent local government reform|indirect taxes are, as a group, regressive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈɡrɛsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡrɛsɪv
definition:
returning to a former or less developed state; characterized by regression.|(of a tax) taking a proportionally greater amount from those on lower incomes.|proceeding from effect to cause or from particular to universal.


word: REGRET
russian_word: сожалеть
example: she immediately regretted her words
definition: feel sad, repentant, or disappointed over (something that one has done or failed to do).
antonyms: applaud|welcome
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈɡrɛt
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡrɛt
synonyms:
be sorry about|feel contrite about|feel apologetic about|feel remorse about/for|be remorseful about|rue|repent (of)|feel repentant about|be regretful at/about|have a conscience about|blame oneself for|mourn|grieve for/over|feel grief at|weep over|sigh over|fret about|pine over|feel sad about|lament|feel sorrow at|sorrow for|be upset/disappointed about|deplore

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French regreter ‘bewail (the dead)’, perhaps from the Germanic base of greet2.


word: REGRETFUL
russian_word: опечаленный
example: he sounded regretful but pointed out that he had committed himself
definition: feeling or showing regret.
antonyms: unrepentant|glad
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈɡrɛtfʊl
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡrɛtfʊl|rɪˈɡrɛtf(ə)l
synonyms:
sorry|remorseful|contrite|repentant|rueful|penitent|conscience-stricken|apologetic|abject|guilty|guilt-ridden|ashamed|shamefaced|sheepish|in sackcloth and ashes|afraid|compunctious|sad|unhappy|sorrowful|dejected|depressed|downcast|miserable|downhearted|down|despondent|despairing|disconsolate|out of sorts|desolate|wretched|glum|gloomy|dismal|blue|melancholy|melancholic|low-spirited|mournful|woeful|woebegone|doleful|forlorn|crestfallen|down in the mouth|down in the dumps


word: REGRETTABLE
russian_word: прискорбный
example: the loss of this number of jobs is regrettable
definition: (of conduct or an event) giving rise to regret; undesirable; unwelcome.
antonyms: desirable|welcome
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈɡrɛtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡrɛtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
undesirable|unfortunate|unwelcome|sad|sorry|woeful|disappointing|distressing|too bad|deplorable|lamentable|reprehensible|shameful|disgraceful|blameworthy|ill-advised|dreadful|terrible|awful|egregious


word: REGROUP
russian_word: перегруппировывать
example: by November 1971 the opposition was regrouping
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈɡruːp
phonetics_text: riːˈɡruːp
definition:
reassemble or cause to reassemble into organized groups, typically after being attacked or defeated.


word: REGULAR
russian_word: регулярный
antonyms: haphazard
origin: late Middle English: from Old French reguler, from Latin regularis, from regula ‘rule’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛɡjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛɡjʊlə
example:
plant the flags at regular intervals|a regular monthly check|policies carried on by his ministers through regular channels|I couldn't get an appointment with my regular barber|a regular verb|a regular polygon

definition:
arranged in or constituting a constant or definite pattern, especially with the same space between individual instances.|recurring at uniform intervals.|conforming to or governed by an accepted standard of procedure or convention.|used, done, or happening on a habitual basis; usual.|(of a word) following the normal pattern of inflection.|(of a figure) having all sides and all angles equal.

synonyms:
methodical|systematic|structured|well ordered|well organized|orderly|efficient|smooth-running|streamlined|well regulated|disciplined|planned|well planned|businesslike|meticulous|punctilious


word: REGULARLY
russian_word: регулярно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈrɛɡjələli
phonetics_text: ˈrɛɡjələli
example:
regularly spaced buildings|the reunion has taken place regularly every two years|the person who regularly cuts your hair|a regularly inflected plural noun

definition:
with a constant or definite pattern, especially with the same space between individual items.|at uniform intervals of time.|on a habitual basis; usually.|in a way that follows the normal pattern of inflection.


word: REGULATE
russian_word: регулировать
example: a hormone which regulates metabolism
definition: control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly.
synonyms: control|adjust|manage|balance|set|synchronize|modulate|tune
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛɡjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛɡjʊleɪt
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘control by rules’): from late Latin regulat- ‘directed, regulated’, from the verb regulare, from Latin regula ‘rule’.


word: REGULATION
russian_word: регулирование
example: planning regulations|the regulation of financial markets
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛɡjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛɡjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.|the action or process of regulating or being regulated.

synonyms:
rule|ruling|order|directive|act|law|by-law|statute|edict|canon|ordinance|pronouncement|mandate|dictate|dictum|decree|fiat|proclamation|command|injunction|procedure|requirement|prescription|precept|guideline|ukase|pronunciamento


word: REGULUS
russian_word: королек
definition: a metallic form of a substance, obtained by smelting or reduction.|a petty king or ruler.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛɡjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˈrɛɡjʊləs
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin, diminutive of rex, reg- ‘king’; originally in the phrase regulus of antimony (denoting metallic antimony), apparently so named because of its readiness to combine with gold.


word: REGURGITATE
russian_word: извергать
example: gulls regurgitate food for the chicks|facts which can then be regurgitated at examinations
synonyms: vomit|bring up|disgorge|regorge
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈɡəːdʒɪteɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈɡəːdʒɪteɪt
definition:
bring (swallowed food) up again to the mouth.|repeat (information) without analysing or comprehending it.

origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin regurgitat-, from the verb regurgitare, from Latin re- ‘again, back’ + gurges, gurgit- ‘whirlpool’.


word: REGURGITATION
russian_word: регургитация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌɡəːdʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˌɡəːdʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
see your vet if regurgitation becomes a problem|regurgitation of this or any other textbook will cause your essays to be marked down

definition:
the action of bringing swallowed food up again to the mouth.|the repetition of information without analysis or comprehension.


word: REHAB
russian_word: реабилитация
origin: 1940s: abbreviation of rehabilitate and rehabilitation.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈriːhab
phonetics_text: ˈriːhab
example:
the star has been in rehab for a week|a homeowner who discovers his rehab straddles the San Andreas fault|he'd had to bum around for a few years before approaching the Rehab

definition:
a course of treatment for drug or alcohol dependence, typically at a residential facility.|a building that has been rehabilitated or restored.|financial assistance provided by the Rehabilitation Department, established to support returned servicemen after the Second World War.


word: REHABILITATE
russian_word: реабилитировать
example: helping to rehabilitate former criminals
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt
phonetics_text: riːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt
definition:
restore (someone) to health or normal life by training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.

synonyms:
restore to health/normality|reintegrate|readapt|retrain|rehab|reinstate|reinstall|restore|bring back|re-establish|pardon|absolve|exonerate|exculpate|forgive

origin:
late 16th century (earlier (late 15th century) as rehabilitation ) (in the sense ‘restore to former privileges’): from medieval Latin rehabilitat-, from the verb rehabilitare (see re-, habilitate).


word: REHABILITATION
russian_word: реабилитация
example: she underwent rehabilitation and was walking within three weeks
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːəbɪlɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːəbɪlɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.


word: REHEARSAL
russian_word: репетиция
example: rehearsals for the opera season
definition: a practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈhəːs(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈhəːs(ə)l
synonyms:
practice|practice session|try-out|trial performance|read-through|sing-through|walk-through|run-through|going-over|drill|dry run


word: REHEARSE
russian_word: репетировать
example: we were rehearsing a radio play|criticisms of factory farming have been rehearsed often enough
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈhəːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈhəːs
definition:
practise (a play, piece of music, or other work) for later public performance.|state (a list of points that have been made many times before).

synonyms:
prepare|practise|try out|read through|sing through|walk through|run through/over|go over|run down|have a practice session|have a trial performance|go through one's paces

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘repeat aloud’): from Old French rehercier, perhaps from re- ‘again’ + hercer ‘to harrow’, from herse ‘harrow’ (see hearse).


word: REIGN
russian_word: царствовать
example: Queen Elizabeth reigns over the UK
definition: hold royal office; rule as monarch.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: reɪn
phonetics_text: reɪn
synonyms:
be king/queen|be monarch|be sovereign|sit on the throne|occupy the throne|wear the crown|wield the sceptre|hold sway|rule|govern|be in power|ruling|regnant|on the throne

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reignier ‘to reign’, reigne ‘kingdom’, from Latin regnum, related to rex, reg- ‘king’.


word: REIKI
russian_word: рейки
origin: Japanese, literally ‘universal life energy’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪki
phonetics_text: ˈreɪki
definition:
a healing technique based on the principle that the therapist can channel energy into the patient by means of touch, to activate the natural healing processes of the patient's body and restore physical and emotional well-being.


word: REIMBURSE
russian_word: возмещать
example: the investors should be reimbursed for their losses
definition: repay (a person who has spent or lost money).
synonyms: compensate|recompense|refund|repay|square accounts with|settle up with
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌriːɪmˈbəːs
phonetics_text: ˌriːɪmˈbəːs
origin:
early 17th century: from re- ‘back, again’ + obsolete imburse ‘put in a purse’, from medieval Latin imbursare, from in- ‘into’ + late Latin bursa ‘purse’.


word: REIN
russian_word: сдерживать
origin: Middle English: from Old French rene, based on Latin retinere ‘retain’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: reɪn
phonetics_text: reɪn
definition:
a long, narrow strap attached at one end to a horse's bit, typically used in pairs to guide or check a horse in riding or driving.


word: REINDEER
russian_word: северный олень
origin: late Middle English: from Old Norse hreindýri, from hreinn ‘reindeer’ + dýr ‘deer’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈreɪndɪə
phonetics_text: ˈreɪndɪə
definition:
a deer of the tundra and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America, both sexes of which have large branching antlers. Most Eurasian reindeer are domesticated and used for drawing sledges and as a source of milk, flesh, and hide.


word: REINFLATE
russian_word: Подкачать
part_of_speech: verb
example:
the tyre was reinflated from the truck's compressor|bond markets are healthy because they believe Mr. Greenspan won't reinflate the currency

definition:
fill (something, especially a tyre) with air or gas again.|cause inflation of (a currency) or in (an economy) again.


word: REINFORCE
russian_word: укреплять
example: the helmet has been reinforced with a double layer of cork
definition: strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with additional material.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːɪnˈfɔːs
phonetics_text: riːɪnˈfɔːs
synonyms:
strengthen|fortify|bolster up|shore up|buttress|prop up|underpin|brace|stiffen|toughen|support|hold up|underprop

origin:
late Middle English: from French renforcer, influenced by inforce, an obsolete spelling of enforce; the sense of providing military support is probably from Italian rinforzare .


word: REINSTALL
russian_word: переустановить
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːɪnˈstɔːl
phonetics_text: riːɪnˈstɔːl
example:
property owners remove furnaces and other appliances before renting or selling, and then reinstall them when someone moves in|one of his former students was reinstalled as president

definition:
place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position again.|place (someone) in a position of authority again; reinstate.


word: REINSTATE
russian_word: восстанавливать
example: the union threatened strike action if Owen was not reinstated
definition: restore (someone or something) to their former position or state.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːɪnˈsteɪt
phonetics_text: riːɪnˈsteɪt
synonyms:
restore|return to a former position|return to power|put back|replace|bring back|reinstitute|reinstall|rehabilitate|re-establish


word: REINSTATEMENT
russian_word: восстановление
example: the student body gave its support to the two expelled students and demanded their reinstatement
definition: the action of giving someone back a position they have lost.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːɪnˈsteɪtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌriːɪnˈsteɪtm(ə)nt
synonyms:
restoration|return to a former position|return to power|bringing back|reinstitution|reinstallation|rehabilitation|re-establishment


word: REINSURE
russian_word: перестраховывать
example: the syndicates reinsure each other's exposure to catastrophic risk
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːɪnˈʃɔː
phonetics_text: riːɪnˈʃɔː|riːɪnˈʃʊə
definition:
(of an insurer) transfer (all or part of a risk) to another insurer to provide protection against the risk of the first insurance.


word: REINVENTION
russian_word: переосмысление
example: the reinvention of classic punk rock
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːɪnˈvɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːɪnˈvɛnʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process through which something is changed so much that it appears to be entirely new.


word: REITERATE
russian_word: повторять
example: she reiterated that the government would remain steadfast in its support
definition: say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈɪtəreɪt
phonetics_text: riːˈɪtəreɪt
synonyms:
repeat|say again|restate|retell|recapitulate|go over (and over)|iterate|rehearse|belabour|dwell on|harp on|hammer away at|do over|ingeminate

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘do an action repeatedly’): from Latin reiterat- ‘gone over again’, from the verb reiterare, from re- ‘again’ + iterare ‘do a second time’.


word: REIVE
russian_word: похищать
definition: carry out raids in order to plunder cattle or other goods.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːv
phonetics_text: riːv
origin:
Middle English: variant of reave; the usual spelling when referring to the historical practice of cattle-raiding on the Scottish Borders.


word: REJECT
russian_word: отвергать
example: union negotiators rejected a 1.5 per cent pay award
definition: dismiss as inadequate, unacceptable, or faulty.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin reject- ‘thrown back’, from the verb reicere, from re- ‘back’ + jacere ‘to throw’.


word: REJECTION
russian_word: отказ
example: the Union decided last night to recommend rejection of the offer
definition: the dismissing or refusing of a proposal, idea, etc.
antonyms: acceptance|welcome
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
refusal|non-acceptance|declining|turning down|no|dismissal|spurning|rebuff|knock-back|repudiation|abandonment|forsaking|desertion|shutting out|exclusion|shunning|cold-shouldering|ostracizing|ostracism|blackballing|blacklisting|avoidance|ignoring|snubbing|snub|cutting dead|sending to Coventry|brush-off|a kick in the teeth|excommunication


word: REJECTIONIST
russian_word: Отторженческий
example: the rejectionists want the agreement to fail at all costs
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
a person who rejects a proposed policy, in particular a supporter of Palestinian independence who rejects the possibility of a negotiated peace with Israel.


word: REJIG
russian_word: переоборудовать
definition: organize (something) differently; rearrange.|re-equip with machinery; refit.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːˈdʒɪɡ
phonetics_text: riːˈdʒɪɡ
example:
the organizers scrambled frantically to rejig schedules|Britain will send experts to help rejig French factories


word: REJOICE
russian_word: радоваться
example: we spent the evening rejoicing at our victory
definition: feel or show great joy or delight.
antonyms: mourning
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈdʒɔɪs
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʒɔɪs
synonyms:
happiness|pleasure|joy|gladness|delight|elation|cheer|jubilation|euphoria|delirium|ecstasy|rapture|transports of delight|exuberance|exultation|glory|triumph|celebration|revelry|merrymaking|festivity|feasting

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘cause joy to’): from Old French rejoiss-, lengthened stem of rejoir, from re- (expressing intensive force) + joir ‘experience joy’.


word: REJUVENATE
russian_word: омолаживать
example: the exercise and fresh air rejuvenated me
definition: give new energy or vigour to; revitalize.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt
origin:
early 19th century: from re- ‘again’ + Latin juvenis ‘young’ + -ate3, suggested by French rajeunir .


word: RELAPSE
russian_word: рецидив
example: two of the patients in remission relapsed after 48 months
definition: (of a sick or injured person) deteriorate after a period of improvement.
antonyms: recover|improve
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈlaps
phonetics_text: rɪˈlaps
synonyms:
get ill/worse again|have/suffer a relapse|worsen|deteriorate|degenerate|take a turn for the worse|sicken|weaken|fail|sink

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin relaps- ‘slipped back’, from the verb relabi, from re- ‘back’ + labi ‘to slip’. Early senses referred to a return to heresy or wrongdoing.


word: RELATE
russian_word: относиться
definition: make or show a connection between.|feel sympathy for or identify with.|give an account of; narrate.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin relat- ‘brought back’, from the verb referre (see refer).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈleɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈleɪt
example:
the study examines social change within the city and relates it to developments in the country as a whole|kids related to him because he was so rebellious|various versions of the story have been related by the locals

synonyms:
connect (with)|associate (with)|link (with)|correlate (with)|ally (with)|couple (with)|bracket (with)|bring together|find/establish a link between


word: RELATED
russian_word: связанный
example: sleeping sickness and related diseases
definition: belonging to the same family, group, or type; connected.
antonyms: unconnected|separate|unrelated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈleɪtɪd
phonetics_text: rɪˈleɪtɪd
synonyms:
connected|interconnected|associated|linked|coupled|correlated|allied|affiliated|accompanying|concomitant|corresponding|analogous|kindred|parallel|comparable|equivalent|homologous|incidental|of the same family|kin|akin|of the same blood|agnate|consanguineous|cognate


word: RELATION
russian_word: отношение
example: questions about the relation between writing and reality|he has no close relations
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the way in which two or more people or things are connected; a thing's effect on or relevance to another.|a person who is connected by blood or marriage; a relative.|the action of telling a story.

synonyms:
connection|relationship|association|link|correlation|correspondence|parallel|tie-in|tie-up|alliance|bond|interrelation|interconnection|interdependence of|relevance|applicability|application|reference|pertinence|bearing on|regard

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin relatio(n- ), from referre ‘bring back’ (see relate).


word: RELATIONSHIP
russian_word: связь
example: the study will assess the relationship between unemployment and political attitudes
definition: the way in which two or more people or things are connected, or the state of being connected.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp
phonetics_text: rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp
synonyms:
connection|relation|association|link|correlation|correspondence|parallel|tie-in|tie-up|alliance|bond|interrelation|interconnection|interdependence of


word: RELATIVE
russian_word: относительный
example: the relative effectiveness of the various mechanisms is not known
antonyms: absolute
synonyms: comparative|respective|comparable|correlative|parallel|corresponding|reciprocal
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛlətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈrɛlətɪv
definition:
considered in relation or in proportion to something else.|denoting a pronoun, determiner, or adverb that refers to an expressed or implied antecedent and attaches a subordinate clause to it, e.g. which, who.|(of major and minor keys) having the same key signature.|(of a service rank) corresponding in grade to another in a different service.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French relatif, -ive, from late Latin relativus ‘having reference or relation’ (see relate).


word: RELATIVISM
russian_word: релятивизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛlətɪvɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈrɛlətɪvɪz(ə)m
definition:
the doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute.


word: RELATIVITY
russian_word: относительность
example: moral relativity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛləˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: rɛləˈtɪvɪti
definition:
the absence of standards of absolute and universal application.|the dependence of various physical phenomena on relative motion of the observer and the observed objects, especially regarding the nature and behaviour of light, space, time, and gravity.


word: RELATIVIZE
russian_word: релятивизировать
definition: make or treat as relative to or dependent on something else.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛlətɪvʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈrɛlətɪvʌɪz
example:
it is not that such judgements do not have a truth value, but that they do not have one unless relativized in a particular way


word: RELATOR
russian_word: информатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈleɪtə
phonetics_text: rɪˈleɪtə
definition:
a person who brings a public lawsuit, typically in the name of the Attorney General, regarding the abuse of an office or franchise.|variant spelling of relater.


word: RELAX
russian_word: отдыхать
example: he relaxed and smiled confidently|the ministry relaxed some of the restrictions
definition: make or become less tense or anxious.|make (a rule or restriction) less strict.
antonyms: tighten up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈlaks
phonetics_text: rɪˈlaks
synonyms:
moderate|modify|temper|make less strict/formal|ease|ease up on|loosen|lessen|lighten|slacken|alleviate|mitigate|qualify|dilute|weaken|reduce|diminish|decrease|let up on

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin relaxare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + laxus ‘lax, loose’.


word: RELAXATION
russian_word: релаксация
example: I guided my patient into a state of hypnotic relaxation|relaxation of censorship rules
antonyms: anxiety
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːlakˈseɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːlakˈseɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the state of being free from tension and anxiety.|the action of making a rule or restriction less strict.|the restoration of equilibrium following disturbance.

synonyms:
mental repose|composure|calm|tranquillity|peacefulness|calming oneself|loosening up|unwinding|winding down


word: RELAXIN
russian_word: релаксин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈlaksɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈlaksɪn
definition:
a hormone secreted by the placenta that causes the cervix to dilate and prepares the uterus for the action of oxytocin during labour.


word: RELAY
russian_word: реле
example: the wagons were pulled by relays of horses|TV transmitters and relay stations
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a group of people or animals engaged in a task or activity for a period of time and then replaced by a similar group.|an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in one circuit to open or close another circuit.|a device to receive, reinforce, and retransmit a radio or television signal.

phonetic:
late Middle English (referring to the provision of fresh hounds on the track of a deer): from Old French relai (noun), relayer (verb), based on Latin laxare ‘slacken’.


word: RELEASE
russian_word: релиз
antonyms: imprison|tie up
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈliːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈliːs
example:
she released his arm and pushed him aside|no details about the talks were released|the amounts which later become due are consequent on the debt that is being released

definition:
allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free.|allow (something) to move, act, or flow freely.|allow (information) to be generally available.|remit or discharge (a debt).

synonyms:
free|set free|let go|allow to leave|set/let/turn loose|let out|liberate|set at liberty|deliver|rescue|ransom|emancipate|manumit|untie|undo|loose|unhand|unloose|unbind|unchain|unleash|unfetter|unclasp|unshackle|unmanacle|extricate|unhitch|unbridle|detach|unclick|disentangle

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reles (noun), relesser (verb), from Latin relaxare ‘stretch out again, slacken’ (see relax).


word: RELEASEE
russian_word: лицо, в пользу которого имеет место отказ от прав
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪliːˈsiː
phonetics_text: rɪliːˈsiː
example:
the issuance of a warrant is justified if the releasee has been arrested for an offence|there was no land to which this covenant could be annexed so as to pass to the releasee

definition:
an offender who has recently been released from prison.|a person or entity to whom property or money is released.


word: RELEGATE
russian_word: относить
example: they aim to prevent women from being relegated to a secondary role
definition: assign an inferior rank or position to.
antonyms: upgrade|promote
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt
synonyms:
downgrade|lower|lower in rank/status|put down|move down|consign|banish|exile|demote|degrade|declass|strip someone of their rank|reduce to the ranks|disrate|drum out|bust

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘send into exile’): from Latin relegat- ‘sent away, referred’, from the verb relegare, from re- ‘again’ + legare ‘send’.


word: RELENT
russian_word: смягчаться
example: she was going to refuse his request, but relented
definition: abandon or mitigate a severe or harsh attitude, especially by finally yielding to a request.
antonyms: harden
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈlɛnt
phonetics_text: rɪˈlɛnt
synonyms:
change one's mind|do a U-turn|back-pedal|back down|give way|give in|capitulate|yield|accede|come round|acquiesce|soften|melt|weaken|unbend|become merciful|become lenient|have/show pity|have/show mercy|give quarter|agree to something|allow something|concede something|admit something|do an about-turn

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘dissolve, melt’): based on Latin re- ‘back’ + lentare ‘to bend’ (from lentus ‘flexible’).


word: RELENTLESS
russian_word: неустанный
example: the relentless heat of the desert
definition: unceasingly intense.
antonyms: short-lived|irresolute|intermittent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈlɛntləs
phonetics_text: rɪˈlɛntləs
synonyms:
persistent|continuing|constant|continual|continuous|non-stop|lasting|never-ending|steady|uninterrupted|unabated|unabating|unbroken|interminable|incessant|unstoppable|unceasing|endless|unending|perpetual|unremitting|unrelenting|unrelieved|sustained|unfaltering|unflagging|untiring|unwavering|unswerving|undeviating|persevering|determined|resolute|purposeful|dogged|single-minded|tireless|indefatigable|patient|diligent|assiduous|sedulous|tenacious|pertinacious|insistent|importunate|stubborn|intransigent|obstinate|obdurate


word: RELEVANT
russian_word: отношение
example: what small companies need is relevant advice
definition: closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered.
antonyms: irrelevant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛləv(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛləv(ə)nt
synonyms:
pertinent|applicable|apposite|material|apropos|to the point|to the purpose|germane|admissible|appropriate|apt|fitting|suitable|proper|connected|related|linked|ad rem|appurtenant

origin:
early 16th century (as a Scots legal term meaning ‘legally pertinent’): from medieval Latin relevant- ‘raising up’, from Latin relevare .


