# Dictionary_data_final

word: PERSONALIZATION
russian_word: воплощение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the goal of search personalization is to help the searcher save time|the personalization of gods developed gradually

definition:
the action of designing or producing something to meet someone's individual requirements.|the action of causing an issue, argument, etc. to become concerned with personalities or feelings rather than with general or abstract matters.|the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something, especially a deity or spirit.


word: PERSONALIZE
russian_word: олицетворять
synonyms: customize|individualize|give a personal touch to|make distinctive|make to order
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz
example:
the wedding invitations will be personalized to your exact requirements|evil spirits personalized in Satan

definition:
design or produce (something) to meet someone's individual requirements.|cause (an issue, argument, etc.) to become concerned with personalities or feelings rather than with general or abstract matters.|personify (something, especially a deity or spirit).


word: PERSONALIZED
russian_word: персонализированные
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪzd
example:
a steward will deliver personalized service to every passenger|religious and magical systems involve personalized gods, spirits, or demons

definition:
designed or produced to meet someone's individual requirements.|(of an issue, argument, etc.) concerned with personalities or feelings rather than with general or abstract matters.|(especially of a deity or spirit) personified.


word: PERSONALLY
russian_word: лично
example: she stayed to thank O'Brien personally|he had spoken personally and emotionally
synonyms: in person|oneself
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)li
definition:
with the personal presence or action of the individual specified; in person.|from one's personal standpoint; subjectively rather than objectively.


word: PERSONALTY
russian_word: движимость
definition: a person's personal property.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lti
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lti
origin:
mid 16th century (in the legal phrase in the personalty ‘for damages’): from Anglo-Norman French personaltie, from medieval Latin personalitas (see personality).


word: PERSONATE
russian_word: играть роль
example: here was our village cobbler in a French uniform, personating the general
definition: play the part of (a character in a drama).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəːs(ə)neɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːs(ə)neɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin personat- ‘represented by acting’, from Latin persona ‘mask’ (see person).


word: PERSONIFICATION
russian_word: персонификация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˌsɒnɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˌsɒnɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the book provides a sustained account of how literary personification works|the knight is accompanied by two feminine personifications of vice

definition:
the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.|a figure intended to represent an abstract quality.

synonyms:
embodiment|incarnation|epitome|quintessence|essence|type|symbol|soul|picture|model|symbolization|exemplification|exemplar|image|representation|likeness|manifestation|avatar


word: PERSONNEL
russian_word: персонал
example: many of the personnel involved require training
definition: people employed in an organization or engaged in an organized undertaking such as military service.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəːsəˈnɛl
phonetics_text: pəːsəˈnɛl
synonyms:
staff|employees|workforce|workers|labour force|manpower|human resources|people|men and women|crew|team|force|organization|liveware

origin:
early 19th century: from French (adjective used as a noun), contrasted with matériel ‘equipment or materials used in an organization or undertaking’.


word: PERSPECTIVE
russian_word: перспектива
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈspɛktɪv
phonetics_text: pəˈspɛktɪv
example:
the theory and practice of perspective|most guidebook history is written from the editor's perspective

definition:
the art of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other.|a particular attitude towards or way of regarding something; a point of view.|an apparent spatial distribution in perceived sound.

synonyms:
outlook|view|viewpoint|point of view|standpoint|position|stand|stance|angle|slant|attitude|frame of mind|frame of reference|approach|way of looking/thinking|vantage point|interpretation

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘optics’): from medieval Latin perspectiva (ars) ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.


word: PERSPECTIVISM
russian_word: перспективизм
example: the emotional perspectivism of novels
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈspɛktɪvɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: pəˈspɛktɪvɪz(ə)m
definition:
the theory that knowledge of a subject is inevitably partial and limited by the individual perspective from which it is viewed.|the practice of regarding and analysing a situation or work of art from different points of view.


word: PERSPEX
russian_word: плексиглас
example: the scratched Perspex in the windows
definition: a solid transparent plastic made of polymethyl methacrylate.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːspɛks
phonetics_text: ˈpəːspɛks
origin:
1930s: formed irregularly from Latin perspicere ‘look through’, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.


word: PERSPICACIOUS
russian_word: проницательный
example: it offers quite a few facts to the perspicacious reporter
definition: having a ready insight into and understanding of things.
antonyms: inattentive|dull|stupid
origin: early 17th century: from Latin perspicax, perspicac- ‘seeing clearly’ + -acious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpəːspɪˈkeɪʃəs
phonetics_text: ˌpəːspɪˈkeɪʃəs
synonyms:
discerning|shrewd|perceptive|astute|penetrating|observant|percipient|sharp-witted|sharp|quick|quick-witted|keen-witted|alert|clear-sighted|sharp-sighted|clear-eyed|far-sighted|far-seeing|acute|clever|canny|intelligent|insightful|judicious|wise|sagacious|sage|sensitive|intuitive|understanding|open-eyed|aware|thinking|discriminating|on the ball|smart|downy|suss|heads-up|sapient|long-headed|argute


word: PERSPICACITY
russian_word: проницательность
example: the perspicacity of her remarks
definition: the quality of having a ready insight into things; shrewdness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəːspɪˈkasɪti
phonetics_text: ˌpəːspɪˈkasɪti
synonyms:
perceptiveness|shrewdness|astuteness|discernment|perception|penetration|percipience|perspicaciousness|sharpness|sharp-wittedness|quick-wittedness|keen-wittedness|clear-sightedness|sharp-sightedness|far-sightedness|acuteness|acuity|cleverness|canniness|intelligence|insight|wit|judiciousness|sound judgement|acumen|sagacity|wisdom|sageness|sensitivity|intuition|intuitiveness|understanding|discrimination|keenness|smartness|smarts|sapience|arguteness


word: PERSPICUOUS
russian_word: ясный
example: it provides simpler and more perspicuous explanations than its rivals
definition: clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈspɪkjʊəs
phonetics_text: pəˈspɪkjʊəs
synonyms:
clear|lucid|crystal clear|limpid|pellucid|unambiguous|plain|understandable|transparent|comprehensible|intelligible|clearly expressed|luminous|luculent

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘transparent’): from Latin perspicuus ‘transparent, clear’ (from the verb perspicere ‘look at closely’) + -ous.


word: PERSPIRE
russian_word: потеть
example: Will was perspiring heavily
definition: give out sweat through the pores of the skin as a result of heat, physical exertion, or stress.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈspʌɪə
phonetics_text: pəˈspʌɪə
synonyms:
sweat|be dripping/pouring with sweat|glow|be damp|be wet|break out in a sweat|be in a muck sweat|sudate

origin:
mid 17th century: from French perspirer, from Latin perspirare, from per- ‘through’ + spirare ‘breathe’.


word: PERSUADABLE
russian_word: убеждаемый
example: they need to identify the most persuadable voters
definition: easily persuaded; amenable.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈsweɪdəbl
phonetics_text: pəˈsweɪdəbl
synonyms:
easily persuaded|amenable|adaptable|accommodating|cooperative|malleable|pliable|compliant|flexible|acquiescent|tractable|pliant|yielding|biddable|complaisant|like putty in one's hands|impressionable|manageable|manipulable|influenceable|suggestible|susceptible|persuasible|suasible|convincible|susceptive


word: PERSUADE
russian_word: убеждать
example: it wasn't easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing
definition: induce (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument.
antonyms: dissuade|discourage|deter
origin: late 15th century: from Latin persuadere, from per- ‘through, to completion’ + suadere ‘advise’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈsweɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈsweɪd
synonyms:
prevail on|talk someone into|coax|convince|make|get|press someone into|induce|win someone over|bring someone round|argue someone into|pressure someone into|pressurize someone into|coerce|influence|sway|prompt|inveigle|entice|tempt|lure|cajole|wheedle someone into|get round|blarney|prod someone into|reason someone into|procure|sweet-talk|smooth-talk|soft-soap|twist someone's arm


word: PERSUASION
russian_word: убеждение
example: Monica needed plenty of persuasion before she actually left|writers of all political persuasions
origin: late Middle English: from Latin persuasio(n- ), from the verb persuadere (see persuade).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈsweɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈsweɪʒ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something.|a belief or set of beliefs, especially religious or political ones.

synonyms:
coaxing|persuading|coercion|inducement|convincing|blandishment|encouragement|urging|prompting|inveiglement|temptation|cajolery|enticement|wheedling|pressure|moral pressure|sweet-talking|smooth-talking|soft-soaping|arm-twisting|suasion


word: PERSUASIVE
russian_word: убедительный
example: an informative and persuasive speech
definition: good at persuading someone to do or believe something through reasoning or the use of temptation.
antonyms: unconvincing|weak
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈsweɪsɪv
phonetics_text: pəˈsweɪsɪv
synonyms:
convincing|effective|cogent|compelling|potent|forceful|eloquent|impressive|weighty|influential|sound|valid|powerful|strong|effectual|efficacious|winning|telling|plausible|credible|silky|smooth-tongued|silver-tongued|slick|glib|not taking no for an answer|smooth-talking|suasive|assuasive|suasory

origin:
late 15th century: from French persuasif, -ive or medieval Latin persuasivus, from persuas- ‘convinced by reasoning’, from the verb persuadere (see persuade).


word: PERSUASIVELY
russian_word: убедительно
definition: in a persuasive or convincing manner.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈsweɪsɪvli
phonetics_text: pəˈsweɪsɪvli
example:
they persuasively argue that the previously unknown temple was dedicated to the worship of a local fertility deity


word: PERT
russian_word: дерзкий
example: a pert, slightly plump girl called Rose|she had a pert nose and deep blue eyes
synonyms: jaunty|neat|trim|stylish|smart|spruce|perky|rakish|natty|saucy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəːt
phonetics_text: pəːt
definition:
(of a girl or young woman) attractively lively or cheeky.|(of a bodily feature or garment) attractively small and well shaped.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘manifest’): from Old French apert, from Latin apertus ‘opened’, past participle of aperire, reinforced by Old French aspert, from Latin expertus (see expert).


word: PERTAIN
russian_word: относиться
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈteɪn
phonetics_text: pəˈteɪn
example:
matters pertaining to the organization of government|their economic circumstances are vastly different from those which pertained in their land of origin

definition:
be appropriate, related, or applicable to.|be in effect or existence in a specified place or at a specified time.

synonyms:
concern|relate to|be related to|be connected with|be relevant to|have relevance to|apply to|be pertinent to|have reference to|refer to|have a bearing on|appertain to|bear on|affect|involve|cover|touch|regard

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French partenir, from Latin pertinere ‘extend to, have reference to’, from per- ‘through’ + tenere ‘to hold’.


word: PERTINACIOUS
russian_word: упрямый
example: he worked with a pertinacious resistance to interruptions
definition: holding firmly to an opinion or a course of action.
antonyms: irresolute|tentative
origin: early 17th century: from Latin pertinax, pertinac- ‘holding fast’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpəːtɪˈneɪʃəs
phonetics_text: ˌpəːtɪˈneɪʃəs
synonyms:
determined|tenacious|persistent|persevering|assiduous|purposeful|resolute|dogged|indefatigable|insistent|single-minded|unrelenting|relentless|implacable|uncompromising|unyielding|tireless|unshakeable|importunate|stubborn|stubborn as a mule|mulish|obstinate|obdurate|strong-willed|headstrong|inflexible|unbending|intransigent|intractable|pig-headed|bull-headed|stiff-necked|with one's toes/feet dug in|wilful|refractory|contrary|perverse|bloody-minded|indurate


word: PERTINENT
russian_word: уместный
example: she asked me a lot of very pertinent questions
definition: relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite.
antonyms: irrelevant|inappropriate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːtɪnənt
phonetics_text: ˈpəːtɪnənt
synonyms:
relevant|to the point|apposite|appropriate|suitable|fitting|fit|apt|applicable|material|germane|to the purpose|apropos|ad rem|appurtenant

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin pertinent- ‘having reference to’, from the verb pertinere (see pertain).


word: PERTNESS
russian_word: дерзость
definition: the quality of being attractively small and well shaped.|impudence; cheek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːtnəs
phonetics_text: ˈpəːtnəs
synonyms:
impudence|impertinence|cheek|cheekiness|sauciness|effrontery|irreverence|insolence|disrespect|disrespectfulness|flippancy|presumption|presumptuousness|audacity|audaciousness|boldness|brazenness|forwardness|cockiness|shamelessness|mouth|neck|brass neck|nerve|sauce|snash|sassiness|sass|chutzpah|a smart mouth|malapertness|procacity


word: PERTURB
russian_word: возмущать
antonyms: reassure|unperturbed|calm|composed
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈtəːb
phonetics_text: pəˈtəːb
example:
they were perturbed by her capricious behaviour|nuclear weapons could be used to perturb the orbit of an asteroid

definition:
make (someone) anxious or unsettled.|subject (a system, moving object, or process) to an influence tending to alter its normal or regular state or path.

synonyms:
worry|upset|unsettle|disturb|concern|trouble|make anxious|make uneasy|make fretful|disquiet|discompose|disconcert|discomfit|unnerve|alarm|bother|distress|dismay|gnaw at|agitate|fluster|ruffle|discountenance|exercise|rattle|faze|pother|worried|unsettled|disturbed|concerned|troubled|anxious|ill at ease|uneasy|fretful|disquieted|disconcerted|discomposed|unnerved|alarmed|bothered|distressed|dismayed|apprehensive|nervous|restless|agitated|flustered|ruffled|shaken|flurried|discountenanced|uncomfortable|twitchy|rattled|fazed|discombobulated|antsy|unquiet

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pertourber, from Latin perturbare, from per- ‘completely’ + turbare ‘disturb’.


word: PERTURBATION
russian_word: возмущение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəːtəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpəːtəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
she sensed her friend's perturbation|these shifts and swings in wildlife populations are possibly related to climatic perturbations

definition:
anxiety; mental uneasiness.|a deviation of a system, moving object, or process from its regular or normal state or path, caused by an outside influence.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin perturbatio(n- ), from the verb perturbare ‘disturb greatly’ (see perturb).


word: PERTURBATIVE
russian_word: пертурбативная
example: perturbative quantum gravity
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːtəbeɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpəːtəbeɪtɪv|pəˈtəːbətɪv
definition:
relating to or involving the deviation of a system, moving object, or process from its regular or normal state or path.


word: PERUKE
russian_word: парик
definition: a wig or periwig.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈruːk
phonetics_text: pəˈruːk
origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a natural head of hair): from French perruque, from Italian perrucca, of unknown origin.


word: PERUSE
russian_word: просмотреть
example: he has spent countless hours in libraries perusing art history books and catalogues
definition: read (something), typically in a thorough or careful way.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈruːz
phonetics_text: pəˈruːz
origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘use up, wear out’): perhaps from per- ‘thoroughly’ + use, but compare with Anglo-Norman French peruser ‘examine’.


word: PERVADE
russian_word: проникать
example: a smell of stale cabbage pervaded the air
definition: (especially of a smell) spread through and be perceived in every part of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈveɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈveɪd
synonyms:
spread through|permeate|fill|suffuse|be diffused through|diffuse through|imbue|penetrate|pass through|filter through|percolate through|infuse|perfuse|extend throughout|be disseminated through|flow through|run through|charge|steep|saturate|impregnate|inform|infiltrate|invade|affect

origin:
mid 17th century (also in the sense ‘traverse’): from Latin pervadere, from per- ‘throughout’ + vadere ‘go’.


word: PERVASIVE
russian_word: распространяющийся
example: ageism is pervasive and entrenched in our society
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin pervas- ‘passed through’ (from the verb pervadere ) + -ive.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈveɪsɪv
phonetics_text: pəˈveɪsɪv
definition:
(especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people.

synonyms:
prevalent|penetrating|pervading|permeating|extensive|ubiquitous|omnipresent|present everywhere|rife|widespread|general|common|universal|pandemic|epidemic|endemic|inescapable|insidious|immanent|permeative|suffusive|permeant


word: PERVERSE
russian_word: извращенный
antonyms: accommodating|cooperative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈvəːs
phonetics_text: pəˈvəːs
example:
Kate's perverse decision not to cooperate held good|in two general elections the outcome was quite perverse|an evil life dedicated to perverse pleasure

definition:
showing a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable or unacceptable.|contrary to the accepted or expected standard or practice.|sexually perverted.

synonyms:
awkward|contrary|difficult|unreasonable|uncooperative|unhelpful|obstructive|disobliging|unaccommodating|troublesome|tiresome|annoying|vexatious|obstreperous|disobedient|unmanageable|uncontrollable|recalcitrant|refractory|rebellious|wilful|headstrong|self-willed|capricious|wayward|cross-grained|stubborn|obstinate|obdurate|pertinacious|mulish|pig-headed|bull-headed|intractable|intransigent|inflexible|thrawn|cussed|bloody-minded|bolshie|stroppy|balky|froward|contumacious|contrarious

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘turned away from what is right or good’): from Old French pervers(e ), from Latin perversus ‘turned about’, from the verb pervertere (see pervert).


word: PERVERSELY
russian_word: извращенно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: pəˈvəːsli
phonetics_text: pəˈvəːsli
example:
the group perversely refused to tour until well past their peak|he was perversely proud of his parochial background

definition:
in a way that shows a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable manner.|in a manner contrary to what is expected or accepted.


word: PERVERSION
russian_word: извращение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈvəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈvəːʃ(ə)n
example:
the thing which most disturbed him was the perversion of language and truth|his book revolutionized ideas about sexual perversion

definition:
distortion or corruption of the original course, meaning, or state of something.|sexual behaviour that is considered abnormal and unacceptable.

synonyms:
distortion|misrepresentation|falsification|travesty|misinterpretation|misconstruction|twisting|corruption|subversion|misuse|misapplication|debasement

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin perversio(n- ), from the verb pervertere ‘turn about’ (see pervert).


word: PERVERSITY
russian_word: извращенность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈvəːsɪti
phonetics_text: pəˈvəːsɪti
example:
they responded with typical perversity|the perversity of being able to carry a gun but not purchase a drink

definition:
a deliberate desire to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; contrariness.|the quality of being contrary to accepted standards or practice; unreasonableness.|the quality of being sexually perverted.

synonyms:
contrariness|perverseness|awkwardness|unreasonableness|difficultness|waywardness|capriciousness|wilfulness|refractoriness|stubbornness|obstinacy|obduracy|mulishness|pig-headedness|cussedness|bloody-mindedness|frowardness|irrationality|illogicality|wrong-headedness|irregularity|inappropriateness


word: PERVERT
russian_word: извращенец
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
he was charged with conspiring to pervert the course of justice|Hector is a man who is simply perverted by his time

definition:
distort or corrupt the original course, meaning, or state of (something).|lead (someone) away from what is considered natural or acceptable.

synonyms:
distort|warp|corrupt|subvert|twist|bend|abuse|divert|deflect|misapply|misuse|misrepresent|misinterpret|misconstrue|falsify|garble

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a verb): from Old French pervertir, from Latin pervertere, from per- ‘thoroughly, to ill effect’ + vertere ‘to turn’. The current noun sense dates from the late 19th century.


word: PERVERTED
russian_word: извращенный
example: he whispered perverted obscenities
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈvəːtɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈvəːtɪd
definition:
(of a person or their actions) characterized by sexually abnormal and unacceptable practices or tendencies.

synonyms:
unnatural|deviant|warped|corrupt|twisted|abnormal|unhealthy|depraved|perverse|aberrant|distorted|immoral|corrupted|debauched|debased|degenerate|sadistic|evil|wicked|vile|amoral|rotten|wrong|bad|sick|kinky|pervy|sicko


word: PESETA
russian_word: песета
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈseɪtə
phonetics_text: pəˈseɪtə
definition:
(until the introduction of the euro in 2002) the basic monetary unit of Spain, equal to 100 centimos.

origin:
Spanish, diminutive of pesa ‘weight’, from Latin pensa ‘things weighed’, from the verb pendere ‘weigh’.


word: PESO
russian_word: песо
origin: Spanish, literally ‘weight’, from Latin pensum ‘something weighed’, from the verb pendere ‘weigh’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpeɪsəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpeɪsəʊ
definition:
the basic monetary unit of several Latin American countries and of the Philippines, equal to 100 centésimos in Uruguay and 100 centavos elsewhere.


word: PESSARY
russian_word: пессарий
definition: a small soluble block that is inserted into the vagina to treat infection or as a contraceptive.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpɛs(ə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin pessarium, based on Greek pessos ‘oval stone’ (used in board games).


word: PESSIMISM
russian_word: пессимизм
example: the dispute cast an air of deep pessimism over the future of the peace talks
origin: late 18th century: from Latin pessimus ‘worst’, on the pattern of optimism .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛsɪmɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpɛsɪmɪz(ə)m
definition:
a tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.|a belief that this world is as bad as it could be or that evil will ultimately prevail over good.

synonyms:
defeatism|negative thinking|negativity|expecting the worst|doom and gloom|gloom|gloominess|hopelessness|lack of hope|cynicism|fatalism|depression|despair|melancholy|despondency|dejection|angst|distrust|doubt|Weltschmerz|looking on the black side


word: PESSIMIST
russian_word: пессимист
antonyms: optimist
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛsɪmɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpɛsɪmɪst
example:
the pessimists point to ways in which life has deteriorated|he finds solace in the writings of pessimist philosophers

definition:
a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.|a person who believes that this world is as bad as it could be or that evil will ultimately prevail over good.

synonyms:
defeatist|fatalist|alarmist|prophet of doom|cynic|doomsayer|doomster|gloom-monger|doom-monger|doomwatcher|Cassandra|sceptic|doubter|doubting Thomas|misery|killjoy|worrier|Job's comforter|doom and gloom merchant|wet blanket|gloomy Gus


word: PESSIMISTIC
russian_word: пессимистический
example: he was pessimistic about the prospects
definition: tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.
antonyms: optimistic|hopeful|cheerful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk
synonyms:
gloomy|negative|defeatist|downbeat|gloom-ridden|cynical|bleak|fatalistic|dark|black|despairing|despondent|depressed|dejected|demoralized|hopeless|melancholy|glum|lugubrious|suspicious|distrustful|doubting|alarmist


word: PEST
russian_word: вредитель
example: the tomato plant attracts a pest called whitefly|he was a real pest
origin: late 15th century (denoting the bubonic plague): from French peste or Latin pestis ‘plague’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛst
phonetics_text: pɛst
definition:
a destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc.|an annoying person or thing; a nuisance.|bubonic plague.

synonyms:
nuisance|bother|annoyance|irritation|irritant|thorn in one's flesh/side|vexation|trial|the bane of one's life|menace|curse|problem|trouble|worry|inconvenience|bore|gadfly|pain|pain in the neck|aggravation|headache|cuss|nyaff|skelf|nudnik|pain in the butt|nark|blighter|blister|pain in the arse|pain in the ass


word: PESTER
russian_word: приставать
example: she constantly pestered him with telephone calls
definition: trouble or annoy (someone) with frequent or persistent requests or interruptions.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛstə
phonetics_text: ˈpɛstə
synonyms:
badger|hound|annoy|bother|harass|trouble|plague|irritate|irk|chivvy|keep after|persecute|torment|molest|bedevil|besiege|harry|worry|beleaguer|nag|dun|importune|hassle|bug|aggravate|give someone a hard time|get on someone's nerves|drive round the bend|drive up the wall|get in someone's hair|get at|get on someone's back|get up someone's nose|ride|devil|mither

origin:
mid 16th century (in the senses ‘overcrowd (a place)’ and ‘impede (a person)’): from French empestrer ‘encumber’, influenced by pest. The current sense is an extension of an earlier use, ‘infest’, referring to vermin.


word: PESTICIDE
russian_word: пестицид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛstɪsʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɛstɪsʌɪd
definition:
a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.


word: PESTIFEROUS
russian_word: надоедливый
example: the pestiferous area around the prison
definition: harbouring infection and disease.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɛˈstɪf(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: pɛˈstɪf(ə)rəs
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘morally corrupting’): from Latin pestifer ‘bringing pestilence’ + -ous.


word: PESTILENCE
russian_word: мор
example: neither prayers nor demonstrations halted the advance of the pestilence
definition: a fatal epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛstɪl(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpɛstɪl(ə)ns
synonyms:
plague|bubonic plague|the Black Death|disease|contagious disease|contagion|infection|sickness|epidemic|pandemic|the pest|lues

origin:
Middle English (also denoting something morally corrupting): from Old French, from Latin pestilentia, based on pestis ‘a plague’.


word: PESTILENT
russian_word: смертоносный
example: pestilent diseases
definition: destructive to life; deadly.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛstɪl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛstɪl(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin pestilens, pestilent- ‘unhealthy, destructive’, from pestis ‘plague’.


word: PESTILENTIAL
russian_word: чумной
example: pestilential fever
definition: relating to or tending to cause infectious diseases.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɛstɪˈlɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌpɛstɪˈlɛnʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
plague-like|contagious|communicable|epidemic|pestilent|dangerous|injurious|harmful|destructive|virulent|pernicious|toxic|venomous|malign|fatal|deadly|catching|pestiferous


word: PESTLE
russian_word: пестик
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɛs(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛs(ə)l
definition:
a heavy tool with a rounded end, used for crushing and grinding substances such as spices or drugs, typically in a mortar.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum, from pist- ‘pounded’, from the verb pinsere .


word: PESTO
russian_word: песто
origin: Italian, from pestare ‘pound, crush’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛstəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛstəʊ
definition:
a sauce of crushed basil leaves, pine nuts, garlic, Parmesan cheese, and olive oil, typically served with pasta.


word: PETAL
russian_word: лепесток
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛt(ə)l
definition:
each of the segments of the corolla of a flower, which are modified leaves and are typically coloured.

origin:
early 18th century: from modern Latin petalum (in late Latin ‘metal plate’), from Greek petalon ‘leaf’, neuter (used as a noun) of petalos ‘outspread’.


word: PETARD
russian_word: петарда
origin: mid 16th century: from French pétard, from péter ‘break wind’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈtɑːd
phonetics_text: pɪˈtɑːd
definition:
a small bomb made of a metal or wooden box filled with powder, used to blast down a door or to make a hole in a wall.


word: PETCOCK
russian_word: спускной кран
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtkɒk
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtkɒk
definition:
a small valve positioned in the pipe of a steam boiler or cylinder of a steam engine for drainage or testing.


word: PETECHIA
russian_word: петехии
definition: a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈtiːkɪə
phonetics_text: pɪˈtiːkɪə
origin:
late 18th century: modern Latin, from Italian petecchia, denoting a freckle or spot on the face, from Latin petigo ‘scab, eruption’.


word: PETER
russian_word: Питер
example: the storm had petered out
definition: decrease or fade gradually before coming to an end.
origin: early 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpiːtə
phonetics_text: ˈpiːtə
synonyms:
fizzle out|fade (away)|die away/out|dwindle|diminish|taper off|tail off|trail away/off|wane|ebb|melt away|evaporate|disappear|come to nothing|fail|fall through|come to a halt|come to an end|run out|give out|decrease|subside


word: PETERSHAM
russian_word: толстое сукно
definition: a corded tape used in dressmaking and millinery for stiffening.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːtəʃ(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpiːtəʃ(ə)m
origin:
early 19th century: named after Lord Petersham (1790–1851), English army officer, a noted dandy who popularized various items of clothing during the Regency period.


word: PETIOLE
russian_word: черешок листа
origin: mid 18th century: from French pétiole, from Latin petiolus ‘little foot, stalk’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtɪəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtɪəʊl
definition:
the stalk that joins a leaf to a stem.|a slender stalk between two structures, especially that between the abdomen and thorax of a wasp or ant.


word: PETIT
russian_word: малый
example: petit larceny
definition: (of a crime) petty.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛti
phonetics_text: ˈpɛti
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘small or insignificant’): from Old French, ‘small’; the same word as petty, with retention of the French spelling.


word: PETIT BOURGEOIS
russian_word: мещанский
example: the frail facade of petit bourgeois respectability
origin: French, literally ‘little citizen’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˌti ˈbʊəʒwɑː
phonetics_text: pəˌti ˈbʊəʒwɑː|ˌpɛti ˈbʊəʒwɑː
definition:
of or characteristic of the lower middle class, especially with reference to a perceived conventionalism and conservatism.


word: PETITION
russian_word: ходатайство
example: she was asked to sign a petition against plans to build on the local playing fields
synonyms: appeal|round robin|list of signatures/protesters
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority in respect of a particular cause.

origin:
Middle English: from Latin petitio(n- ), from petit- ‘aimed at, sought, laid claim to’, from the verb petere .


word: PETREL
russian_word: буревестник
definition: a seabird related to the shearwaters, typically flying far from land.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtr(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtr(ə)l
origin:
early 17th century: associated with St Peter, from the bird's habit of flying low with legs dangling, giving the appearance of walking on the water (see Matt. 14:30).


word: PETRIFICATION
russian_word: окаменение
example: the processes of petrification|his heavy footfalls served to spur Paul out of his petrification
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɛtrɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpɛtrɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process by which organic matter exposed to minerals over a long period is turned into a stony substance.|a state of such extreme fear that one is unable to move.


word: PETRIFIED
russian_word: окаменелое
example: the petrified child clung to her mother|petrified wood
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛtrɪfʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtrɪfʌɪd
definition:
so frightened that one is unable to move; terrified.|(of organic matter) changed into a stony substance; ossified.


word: PETRIFY
russian_word: окаменевать
example: his icy controlled quietness petrified her
synonyms: ossified|fossilized|lapidified
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɛtrɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtrɪfʌɪ
definition:
change (organic matter) into a stony substance by encrusting or replacing it with a calcareous, siliceous, or other mineral deposit.|make (someone) so frightened that they are unable to move.

origin:
late Middle English: from French pétrifier, from medieval Latin petrificare, from Latin petra ‘rock’, from Greek.


word: PETROCHEMICAL
russian_word: нефтехимический
example: a huge petrochemical works producing plastics
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɛtrə(ʊ)ˈkɛmɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: pɛtrə(ʊ)ˈkɛmɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting substances obtained by the refining and processing of petroleum or natural gas.


word: PETROCHEMISTRY
russian_word: нефтехимия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɛtrə(ʊ)ˈkɛmɪstri
phonetics_text: pɛtrə(ʊ)ˈkɛmɪstri
definition:
the branch of chemistry concerned with the composition and formation of rocks (as distinct from minerals and ore deposits).|the branch of chemistry concerned with petroleum and natural gas, and with their refining and processing.


word: PETROL
russian_word: бензин
example: petrol fumes
synonyms: gasoline|gas|juice
origin: late 19th century: from French pétrole, from medieval Latin petroleum (see petroleum).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtr(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtr(ə)l
definition:
a light fuel oil that is obtained by distilling petroleum and used in internal combustion engines.|a shade of greenish or greyish blue.


word: PETROL BOMB
russian_word: зажигательная бомба
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a crude bomb consisting of a bottle containing petrol and an improvised cloth wick that is ignited just before the bottle is thrown at the target.


word: PETROLEUM
russian_word: нефтяной
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin, from Latin petra ‘rock’ (from Greek) + Latin oleum ‘oil’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈtrəʊlɪəm
phonetics_text: pɪˈtrəʊlɪəm
definition:
a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which is present in suitable rock strata and can be extracted and refined to produce fuels including petrol, paraffin, and diesel oil; oil.


word: PETTICOAT
russian_word: нижняя юбка
synonyms: slip|underskirt|half-slip|underslip|undergarment|crinoline|farthing|hoop petticoat|kirtle
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtɪkəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtɪkəʊt
definition:
a woman's light, loose undergarment hanging from the shoulders or the waist, worn under a skirt or dress.

origin:
late Middle English: from petty coat, literally ‘small coat’: the word originally referred to a garment worn by men under a coat or doublet. The second sense derives from a later use to mean ‘skirt’.


word: PETTIFOGGER
russian_word: крючкотвор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtɪfɒɡə
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtɪfɒɡə
definition:
an inferior legal practitioner, especially one who deals with petty cases or employs dubious practices.

origin:
mid 16th century: from petty + obsolete fogger ‘underhand dealer’, probably from Fugger, the name of a family of merchants in Augsburg in the 15th and 16th centuries.


word: PETTY
russian_word: мелкий
example: a petty official
definition: of little importance; trivial.|of secondary or lesser importance, rank, or scale; minor.
antonyms: important|serious|major
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛti
phonetics_text: ˈpɛti
synonyms:
trivial|trifling|minor|small|slight|unimportant|insignificant|inessential|inconsequential|inconsiderable|negligible|paltry|footling|fiddling|niggling|pettifogging|nugatory|of little account|piffling|piddling|penny-ante|twopenny-halfpenny|nickel-and-dime|picayune|chickenshit

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘small in size’): from a phonetic spelling of the pronunciation of French petit ‘small’. Compare with petit.


word: PETTY OFFICER
russian_word: старшина
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a rank of non-commissioned officer in the navy, above leading seaman or seaman and below chief petty officer.


word: PETULANCE
russian_word: раздражительность
example: a slight degree of petulance had crept into his voice
definition: the quality of being childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɛtʃʊl(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtʃʊl(ə)ns
synonyms:
peevishness|bad temper|ill temper|pettishness|pique|impatience|irritability|moodiness|sulkiness|snappishness|touchiness|waspishness|irascibility|tetchiness|testiness|querulousness|fractiousness|cantankerousness|grumpiness|grouchiness|crabbiness|ill humour|spleen|sullenness|surliness|sourness|churlishness|ungraciousness|mardiness|whinginess|crankiness|a sore head


word: PETULANT
russian_word: раздражительный
example: he was moody and petulant
definition: (of a person or their manner) childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
antonyms: good-humoured|easy-going|affable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɛtjʊl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɛtjʊl(ə)nt
synonyms:
peevish|bad-tempered|ill-tempered|pettish|cross|impatient|irritable|moody|in a bad mood|sulky|snappish|crotchety|touchy|waspish|irascible|tetchy|testy|querulous|fractious|captious|cantankerous|grumpy|complaining|whiny|fretful|huffish|huffy|pouty|disgruntled|crabbed|crabby|ill-humoured|sullen|surly|sour|churlish|ungracious|splenetic|choleric|snappy|chippy|grouchy|cranky|ratty|narky|eggy|whingy|miffy|mumpish|mardy|soreheaded|sorehead|peckish

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘immodest’): from French pétulant, from Latin petulant- ‘impudent’ (related to petere ‘aim at, seek’). The current sense (mid 18th century) is influenced by pettish.


word: PETUNIA
russian_word: петуния
origin: modern Latin, from French petun, from Guarani petȳ ‘tobacco’ (to which these plants are related).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈtjuːnɪə
phonetics_text: pɪˈtjuːnɪə
definition:
a South American plant of the nightshade family which has white, purple, or red funnel-shaped flowers, with many ornamental varieties.


word: PETUNTSE
russian_word: китайский камень
definition: a type of fine china stone used to make Chinese porcelain.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: peɪˈtʊntsə
phonetics_text: peɪˈtʊntsə|pɪˈtʌntsə
origin:
early 18th century: from Chinese (Mandarin dialect) báidūnzi, from bái ‘white’ + dūn ‘stone’ + the suffix -zi .


word: PEW
russian_word: церковная скамья со спинкой
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pjuː
phonetics_text: pjuː
definition:
a long bench with a back, placed in rows in the main part of some churches to seat the congregation.

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a raised, enclosed place in a church, provided for particular worshippers): from Old French puye ‘balcony’, from Latin podia, plural of podium ‘elevated place’.


word: PFENNIG
russian_word: пфенниг
origin: from German Pfennig ; related to penny.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈ(p)fɛnɪɡ
phonetics_text: ˈ(p)fɛnɪɡ
definition:
(until the introduction of the euro in 2002) a monetary unit of Germany, equal to one hundredth of a mark.


word: PFFT
russian_word: Пфф
example: Pfft! Pfft! Pfft! Bullets ricocheted around the room
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: (p)ft
phonetics_text: (p)ft
definition:
used to represent a brief sound such as that made by the passage of a bullet or that of a small, muffled explosion.


word: PHAGOCYTE
russian_word: фагоцит
origin: late 19th century: from Greek phago- ‘eating’ (from the verb phagein ) + -cyte.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfaɡə(ʊ)sʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈfaɡə(ʊ)sʌɪt
definition:
a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.


word: PHAGOSOME
russian_word: Фагосомы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfaɡə(ʊ)səʊm
phonetics_text: ˈfaɡə(ʊ)səʊm
definition:
a vacuole in the cytoplasm of a cell, containing a phagocytosed particle enclosed within a part of the cell membrane.


word: PHALANGE
russian_word: фаланстер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfalan(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: ˈfalan(d)ʒ
definition:
another term for phalanx (sense 2).|a right-wing Maronite party in Lebanon founded in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel.

origin:
mid 19th century: back-formation from phalanges, plural of phalanx. phalange (sense 2) is a shortening of French Phalanges Libanaises ‘Lebanese phalanxes’.


word: PHALANGER
russian_word: кускус
definition: a lemur-like tree-dwelling marsupial native to Australia and New Guinea.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəˈlan(d)ʒə
phonetics_text: fəˈlan(d)ʒə
origin:
late 18th century: from French, from Greek phalangion ‘spider's web’ (because of the webbed toes of their hind feet).


word: PHALANSTERY
russian_word: фаланстер
definition: a group of people living together in a community and holding property in common.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfalanˌst(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈfalanˌst(ə)ri
origin:
mid 19th century: from French phalanstère (used by Charles Fourier in his socialist scheme for the reorganization of society), blend of Latin phalanx ‘band (of soldiers), group’ and French monastère ‘monastery’.


word: PHALANX
russian_word: фаланга
example: six hundred marchers set off, led by a phalanx of police
origin: mid 16th century (denoting a body of Macedonian infantry): via Latin from Greek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfalaŋks
phonetics_text: ˈfalaŋks
definition:
a body of troops or police officers standing or moving in close formation.|a bone of the finger or toe.


word: PHALAROPE
russian_word: плавунчик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfalərəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈfalərəʊp
definition:
a small wading or swimming bird with a straight bill and lobed feet, unusual in that the female is more brightly coloured than the male.

origin:
late 18th century: from French, from modern Latin Phalaropus, formed irregularly from Greek phalaris ‘coot’ + pous, pod- ‘foot’.


word: PHALLOIDIN
russian_word: фаллоидином
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: faˈlɔɪdɪn
phonetics_text: faˈlɔɪdɪn
definition:
the toxin present in the death cap toadstool. It is a peptide with seven amino acids in a ring structure bridged by a sulphur atom.

origin:
1930s: from modern Latin phalloides, specific epithet of the death cap toadstool Amanita phalloides (based on Greek phallos ‘phallus’) + -in1.


word: PHANTASM
russian_word: призрак
example: the cart seemed to glide like a terrible phantasm
definition: an illusion, apparition, or ghost.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfantaz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈfantaz(ə)m
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘deceptive appearance’): from Old French fantasme, via Latin from Greek phantasma, from phantazein ‘make visible’, from phainein ‘to show’. The change from f- to ph- in the 16th century was influenced by the Latin spelling.


word: PHANTASMAGORIA
russian_word: фантасмагория
example: what happened next was a phantasmagoria of horror and mystery
definition: a sequence of real or imaginary images like that seen in a dream.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfantazməˈɡɔːrɪə
phonetics_text: ˌfantazməˈɡɔːrɪə|ˌfantazməˈɡɒrɪə
origin:
early 19th century (originally the name of a London exhibition (1802) of optical illusions produced chiefly by magic lantern): probably from French fantasmagorie, from fantasme ‘phantasm’ + a fanciful suffix.


word: PHANTASY
russian_word: фантазия
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
variant spelling of fantasy (restricted to archaic uses or, in modern use, to the fields of psychology and psychiatry).


word: PHANTOM
russian_word: фантом
example: a phantom who haunts lonely roads
definition: a ghost.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfantəm
phonetics_text: ˈfantəm
synonyms:
ghost|apparition|spirit|spectre|wraith|shadow|bodach|duppy|spook|phantasm|shade|revenant|wight|eidolon|manes

origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘illusion, delusion’): from Old French fantosme, based on Greek phantasma (see phantasm).


word: PHARAOH
russian_word: фараон
example: the time of the pharaohs
definition: a ruler in ancient Egypt.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɛːrəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈfɛːrəʊ
origin:
Middle English: via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek Pharaō, from Hebrew par‘ōh, from Egyptian pr-‘o ‘great house’.


word: PHARISAISM
russian_word: фарисейство
example: Paul became a convert from Pharisaism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfarɪseɪˌɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈfarɪseɪˌɪz(ə)m
definition:
the doctrine or practices of the Pharisees, especially strict observance of the traditional and written law.


word: PHARISEE
russian_word: фарисей
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfarɪsiː
phonetics_text: ˈfarɪsiː
definition:
a member of an ancient Jewish sect, distinguished by strict observance of the traditional and written law, and commonly held to have pretensions to superior sanctity.

origin:
Old English fariseus, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek Pharisaios, from Aramaic prīšayyā ‘separated ones’ (related to Hebrew pārūš ‘separated’).


word: PHARMACEUTICAL
russian_word: фармацевтический
example: a pharmaceutical drug
definition: relating to medicinal drugs, or their preparation, use, or sale.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌfɑːməˈs(j)uːtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌfɑːməˈs(j)uːtɪk(ə)l
origin:
mid 17th century: via late Latin from Greek pharmakeutikos (from pharmakeutēs ‘druggist’, from pharmakon ‘drug’) + -al.


word: PHARMACOGNOSY
russian_word: фармакогнозия
origin: mid 19th century: from pharmaco- ‘of drugs’ + gnōsis ‘knowledge’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɑːməˈkɒɡnəsi
phonetics_text: ˌfɑːməˈkɒɡnəsi
definition:
the branch of knowledge concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural sources.


word: PHARMACOPOEIA
russian_word: фармакопея
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɑːməkəˈpiːə
phonetics_text: ˌfɑːməkəˈpiːə
definition:
an official publication containing a list of medicinal drugs with their effects and directions for their use.

origin:
early 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek pharmakopoiia ‘art of preparing drugs’, based on pharmakon ‘drug’ + -poios ‘making’.


word: PHARMACY
russian_word: аптека
example: the local pharmacy
definition: a shop or hospital dispensary where medicinal drugs are prepared or sold.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɑːməsi
phonetics_text: ˈfɑːməsi
origin:
late Middle English (denoting the administration of drugs): from Old French farmacie, via medieval Latin from Greek pharmakeia ‘practice of the druggist’, based on pharmakon ‘drug’.


word: PHARMING
russian_word: фарминг
origin: 1990s: pharming (sense 1) punningly after farming; pharming (sense 2) patterned on phishing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɑːmɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈfɑːmɪŋ
definition:
the process of genetically modifying plants and animals so that they produce substances which may be used as pharmaceuticals.|the fraudulent practice of directing internet users to a bogus website that mimics the appearance of a legitimate one, in order to obtain personal information such as passwords, account numbers, etc.


word: PHASE
russian_word: фаза
synonyms: stage|period|chapter|episode|part|step|point|time|juncture
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: feɪz
phonetics_text: feɪz
example:
the final phases of the war|the invertebrate residents of the tundra pass the winter in dormant phase|solid carbon dioxide passes directly into the gas phase without becoming a liquid|there are two output channels, one fixed in phase and the other variable in phase between 0 and 360 degrees

definition:
a distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change or development.|each of the aspects of the moon or a planet, according to the amount of its illumination, especially the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon, and the last quarter.|a genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration.|a distinct and homogeneous form of matter (i.e. a particular solid, liquid, or gas) separated by its surface from other forms.|the relationship in time between the successive states or cycles of an oscillating or repeating system (such as an alternating electric current or a light or sound wave) and either a fixed reference point or the states or cycles of another system with which it may or may not be in synchrony.|(in systemic grammar) the relationship between a catenative verb and the verb that follows it, as in she hoped to succeed and I like swimming.

origin:
early 19th century (in phase (sense 2 of the noun)): from French phase, based on Greek phasis ‘appearance’, from the base of phainein ‘to show’.


word: PHATIC
russian_word: фатическая
origin: 1920s: from Greek phatos ‘spoken’ or phatikos ‘affirming’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈfatɪk
phonetics_text: ˈfatɪk
definition:
denoting or relating to language used for general purposes of social interaction, rather than to convey information or ask questions. Utterances such as hello, how are you? and nice morning, isn't it? are phatic.


word: PHEASANT
russian_word: фазан
definition: a large long-tailed game bird native to Asia, the male of which typically has very showy plumage.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɛz(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈfɛz(ə)nt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French fesan, via Latin from Greek phasianos ‘(bird) of Phasis’, the name of a river in the Caucasus, from which the bird is said to have spread westwards.


word: PHENCYCLIDINE
russian_word: фенциклидина
origin: 1950s: from pheno- + cyclo- + a shortened form of piperidine.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɛnˈsʌɪklɪdiːn
phonetics_text: fɛnˈsʌɪklɪdiːn
definition:
a synthetic compound derived from piperidine, used as a veterinary anaesthetic and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust.


word: PHENOCOPY
russian_word: фенокопии
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfiːnə(ʊ)kɒpi
phonetics_text: ˈfiːnə(ʊ)kɒpi
definition:
an individual showing features characteristic of a genotype other than its own, but produced environmentally rather than genetically.


word: PHENOL
russian_word: фенол
origin: mid 19th century: from French phénole, based on phène ‘benzene’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfiːnɒl
phonetics_text: ˈfiːnɒl
definition:
a mildly acidic toxic white crystalline solid obtained from coal tar and used in chemical manufacture, and in dilute form (under the name carbolic ) as a disinfectant.


word: PHENOLOGY
russian_word: фенология
origin: late 19th century: from phenomenon + -logy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈnɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: fɪˈnɒlədʒi
definition:
the study of cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially in relation to climate and plant and animal life.


word: PHENOLPHTHALEIN
russian_word: фенолфталеин
origin: late 19th century: from phenol + -phthal- (from naphthalene) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfiːnɒlˈ(f)θaliːn
phonetics_text: ˌfiːnɒlˈ(f)θaliːn|ˌfiːnɒlˈ(f)θeɪliːn
definition:
a colourless crystalline solid (pink in alkaline solution) used as an acid–base indicator and medicinally as a laxative.


word: PHENOMENAL
russian_word: феноменальный
example: the town expanded at a phenomenal rate|the phenomenal world
antonyms: ordinary|usual|run-of-the-mill
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: fəˈnɒmɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: fəˈnɒmɪn(ə)l
definition:
remarkable or exceptional, especially exceptionally good.|perceptible by the senses or through immediate experience.

synonyms:
exceptional|extraordinary|remarkable|outstanding|amazing|astonishing|astounding|stunning|staggering|marvellous|magnificent|wonderful|sensational|breathtaking|miraculous|singular|incredible|unbelievable|inconceivable|unimaginable|uncommon|unheard of|unique|unparalleled|unprecedented|unusual|unusually good|too good to be true|superlative|prodigious|surpassing|rare|fantastic|fabulous|stupendous|out of this world|terrific|tremendous|brilliant|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|awesome|stellar|wondrous


word: PHENOMENALISM
russian_word: феноменализм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəˈnɒmɪn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: fəˈnɒmɪn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
the doctrine that human knowledge is confined to or founded on the realities or appearances presented to the senses.


word: PHENOMENALLY
russian_word: феноменально
example: membership has grown phenomenally|a phenomenally conscious mental state
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: fəˈnɒmɪn(ə)li
phonetics_text: fəˈnɒmɪn(ə)li
definition:
in a remarkable or exceptional way, especially exceptionally well.|in a way that is perceptible by the senses or through immediate experience.


word: PHENOMENON
russian_word: явление
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəˈnɒmɪnən
phonetics_text: fəˈnɒmɪnən
example:
glaciers are interesting natural phenomena|the band was a pop phenomenon just for their sales figures alone

definition:
a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question.|a remarkable person or thing.|the object of a person's perception.

synonyms:
occurrence|event|happening|fact|situation|circumstance|experience|case|incident|episode|sight|appearance|thing

origin:
late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek phainomenon ‘thing appearing to view’, based on phainein ‘to show’.


word: PHENOTHIAZINE
russian_word: фенотиазин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfiːnəʊˈθʌɪəziːn
phonetics_text: ˌfiːnəʊˈθʌɪəziːn|ˌfɛnəʊˈθʌɪəziːn
definition:
a synthetic compound which is used in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infestations of animals.


word: PHENOTYPE
russian_word: фенотип
origin: early 20th century: from German Phaenotypus (see pheno-, type).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfiːnə(ʊ)tʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈfiːnə(ʊ)tʌɪp
definition:
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.


word: PHENOTYPIC
russian_word: фенотипическая
example: breeding animals were selected for phenotypic traits such as size
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfiːnə(ʊ)ˈtɪpɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfiːnə(ʊ)ˈtɪpɪk
definition:
relating to the observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.


word: PHENYL
russian_word: фенил
example: a phenyl group
definition: of or denoting the radical —C6H5, derived from benzene by removal of a hydrogen atom.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfiːnʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈfiːnʌɪl|ˈfɛnɪl
origin:
mid 19th century: from French phényle, from Greek phaino- ‘shining’ (because first used in names of compounds denoting by-products of the manufacture of gas used for illumination).


word: PHENYLALANINE
russian_word: фенилаланин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfiːnʌɪlˈaləniːn
phonetics_text: ˌfiːnʌɪlˈaləniːn|ˌfɛnɪlˈaləniːn
definition:
an amino acid widely distributed in plant proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet of vertebrates.


word: PHENYLKETONURIA
russian_word: фенилкетонурия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfiːnʌɪlˌkiːtə(ʊ)ˈnjʊərɪə
phonetics_text: ˌfiːnʌɪlˌkiːtə(ʊ)ˈnjʊərɪə|ˌfɛnɪlˌkiːtə(ʊ)ˈnjʊərɪə
definition:
an inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine which, if untreated, causes brain and nerve damage.


word: PHEROMONE
russian_word: феромон
origin: 1950s: from Greek pherein ‘convey’ + hormone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɛrəməʊn
phonetics_text: ˈfɛrəməʊn
definition:
a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of others of its species.


word: PHI
russian_word: фи
origin: Greek.
part_of_speech: noun|symbol
phonetic: fʌɪ
phonetics_text: fʌɪ
definition:
the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet ( Φ, φ ), transliterated as ‘ph’ or (in modern Greek) ‘f’.


word: PHIAL
russian_word: пузырек
example: a phial of blood
definition: a small cylindrical glass bottle, typically used for medical samples or for potions or medicines.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfʌɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈfʌɪəl
origin:
Middle English: from Old French fiole, via Latin from Greek phialē, denoting a broad flat container. Compare with vial.


word: PHILANDER
russian_word: ухаживать
example: married men who philander
definition: (of a man) readily or frequently enter into casual sexual relationships with women.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: fɪˈlandə
phonetics_text: fɪˈlandə
synonyms:
womanize|have affairs/an affair|flirt|play around|carry on|play the field|sleep around|fool around|be a carpet knight|coquet|screw around

origin:
mid 18th century: from the earlier noun philander  ‘man, husband’, often used in literature as the given name of a lover, from Greek philandros ‘fond of men’, from philein ‘to love’ + anēr ‘man’.


word: PHILANDERER
russian_word: донжуан
example: he was known as a philanderer
definition: a man who readily or frequently enters into casual sexual relationships with women; a womanizer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈland(ə)rə
phonetics_text: fɪˈland(ə)rə
synonyms:
womanizer|Casanova|Don Juan|Lothario|flirt|ladies' man|playboy|Romeo|seducer|rake|roué|libertine|debauchee|stud|player|playa|skirt-chaser|ladykiller|wolf|gay dog


word: PHILANTHROPIC
russian_word: благотворительный
example: they receive financial support from philanthropic bodies
definition: (of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others; generous and benevolent.
antonyms: selfish|miserly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfɪlənˈθrɒpɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfɪlənˈθrɒpɪk
synonyms:
charitable|generous|benevolent|humanitarian|public-spirited|altruistic|socially concerned|magnanimous|munificent|open-handed|bountiful|liberal|ungrudging|unstinting|generous to a fault|beneficent|benignant|caring|compassionate|solicitous|unselfish|selfless|humane|kind|kind-hearted|big-hearted|bounteous|eleemosynary

origin:
late 18th century: from French philanthropique, from Greek philanthrōpos ‘man-loving’ (see philanthrope).


word: PHILANTHROPIST
russian_word: филантроп
example: the trust was founded by an American philanthropist
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlanθrəpɪst
phonetics_text: fɪˈlanθrəpɪst
definition:
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

synonyms:
benefactor|benefactress|humanitarian|patron|patroness|donor|contributor|giver|sponsor|backer|helper|altruist|good Samaritan|do-gooder|Lady Bountiful|almsgiver|philanthrope|Maecenas


word: PHILANTHROPY
russian_word: филантропия
example: he acquired a considerable fortune and was noted for his philanthropy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlanθrəpi
phonetics_text: fɪˈlanθrəpi
definition:
the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

synonyms:
benevolence|generosity|humanitarianism|public-spiritedness|altruism|social conscience|social concern|charity|charitableness|brotherly love|fellow feeling|magnanimity|munificence|liberality|largesse|open-handedness|bountifulness|beneficence|benignity|unselfishness|selflessness|humanity|kindness|kind-heartedness|big-heartedness|compassion|humaneness|patronage|sponsorship|backing|help|almsgiving|bounty|bounteousness

origin:
early 17th century: via late Latin from Greek philanthrōpia, from philanthrōpos ‘man-loving’ (see philanthrope).


word: PHILATELY
russian_word: филателия
definition: the collection and study of postage stamps.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlat(ə)li
phonetics_text: fɪˈlat(ə)li
origin:
mid 19th century: from French philatélie, from philo- ‘loving’ + Greek ateleia ‘exemption from payment’ (from a- ‘not’ + telos ‘toll, tax’), used to mean a franking mark or postage stamp exempting the recipient from payment.


word: PHILHARMONIC
russian_word: филармония
example: the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra
definition: devoted to music (chiefly used in the names of orchestras).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfɪlhɑːˈmɒnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfɪlhɑːˈmɒnɪk
origin:
mid 18th century: from French philharmonique, from Italian filarmonico ‘loving harmony’ (see phil-, harmonic).


word: PHILIPPIC
russian_word: филиппика
example: the lecture was a tremendous philippic against our culture
definition: a bitter attack or denunciation, especially a verbal one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlɪpɪk
phonetics_text: fɪˈlɪpɪk
synonyms:
tirade|diatribe|invective|denunciation|rant|polemic|broadside|harangue|verbal onslaught|reviling|railing|decrying|condemnation|brickbat(s)|flak|criticism|attack|censure|lecture|berating|admonishment|admonition|reprimand|rebuke|abuse|stream of abuse|battering|stricture|tongue-lashing|denouncement|vituperation|obloquy|fulmination|vilification|castigation|reproof|reproval|upbraiding|knocking|bashing|blast|slating

origin:
late 16th century: via Latin from Greek philippikos, the name given to Demosthenes' speeches against Philip II of Macedon, also to those of Cicero against Mark Antony.


word: PHILISTINE
russian_word: обыватель
example: I am a complete philistine when it comes to paintings
definition: a person who is hostile or indifferent to culture and the arts.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈfɪlɪstʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈfɪlɪstʌɪn
synonyms:
lowbrow|anti-intellectual|materialist|bourgeois|boor|ignoramus|lout|oaf|barbarian|primitive|savage|brute|yahoo|vulgarian

origin:
early 19th century: from Philistine, originally with reference to a confrontation between university students and townspeople in Jena, Germany, in the late 17th century; a sermon on the conflict quoted ‘the Philistines are upon you’ (Judges 16), which led to an association between the townspeople and those hostile to culture.


word: PHILOLOGY
russian_word: филология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: fɪˈlɒlədʒi
definition:
the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages.

origin:
late Middle English (in the Greek sense): current usage (late 17th century) from French philologie, via Latin from Greek philologia ‘love of learning’ (see philo-, -logy).


word: PHILOSOPHER
russian_word: философ
definition: a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlɒsəfə
phonetics_text: fɪˈlɒsəfə
synonyms:
thinker|theorist|theorizer|theoretician|philosophizer|metaphysicist|metaphysician|epistemologist|dialectician|logician|speculator|hypothesizer|seeker after truth|dreamer|scholar|intellect|intellectual|learned person|sage|wise man|Solomon|guru|pundit

origin:
Middle English: from a variant of Old French philosophe, via Latin from Greek philosophos ‘lover of wisdom’, from philein ‘to love’ + sophos ‘wise’.


word: PHILOSOPHICAL
russian_word: философский
example: philosophical discussions about free will|he was philosophical about losing the contract
antonyms: emotional|upset
synonyms: theoretical|analytical|rational|metaphysical|logical|reasoned|esoteric|scholarly|erudite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: fɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: fɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating or devoted to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.|having or showing a calm attitudetowards disappointments or difficulties.


word: PHILOSOPHICALLY
russian_word: философски
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: fɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)li
phonetics_text: fɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)li
example:
philosophically, he was closer to Locke than to Rousseau|shrugging philosophically, the guards followed orders

definition:
in a way that relates to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.|in a way that shows a calm attitude towards disappointments or difficulties.


word: PHILOSOPHY
russian_word: философия
example: don't expect anything and you won't be disappointed, that's my philosophy
origin: Middle English: from Old French philosophie, via Latin from Greek philosophia ‘love of wisdom’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlɒsəfi
phonetics_text: fɪˈlɒsəfi
definition:
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.|a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour.

synonyms:
beliefs|credo|faith|convictions|ideology|ideas|thinking|notions|theories|doctrine|tenets|values|principles|ethics|attitude|line|view|viewpoint|outlook|world view|school of thought|Weltanschauung


word: PHISHING
russian_word: фишинг
example: an email that is likely a phishing scam
origin: 1990s: respelling of fishing, on the pattern of phreak.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɪʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈfɪʃɪŋ
definition:
the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.


word: PHLEBOTOMIZE
russian_word: пускать кровь
example: it may be necessary to phlebotomize the patient
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: flɪˈbɒtəmʌɪz
phonetics_text: flɪˈbɒtəmʌɪz
definition:
withdraw blood from (a person) by surgically opening or puncturing a vein, historically for the purpose of bloodletting.


word: PHLEBOTOMY
russian_word: кровопускание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: flɪˈbɒtəmi
phonetics_text: flɪˈbɒtəmi
definition:
the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood, to introduce a fluid, or (historically) when letting blood.

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin phlebotomia from Greek, from phleps, phleb- ‘vein’ + -tomia ‘cutting’.


word: PHLEGM
russian_word: мокрота
synonyms: mucus|catarrh|mucous secretion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: flɛm
phonetics_text: flɛm
definition:
the thick viscous substance secreted by the mucous membranes of the respiratory passages, especially when produced in excessive quantities during a cold.

origin:
Middle English fleem, fleume, from Old French fleume, from late Latin phlegma ‘clammy moisture (of the body)’, from Greek phlegma ‘inflammation’, from phlegein ‘to burn’. The spelling change in the 16th century was due to association with the Latin and Greek.


word: PHLEGMATIC
russian_word: флегматичный
example: the phlegmatic British character
definition: (of a person) having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition.
antonyms: excitable|quick-tempered
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: flɛɡˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: flɛɡˈmatɪk
synonyms:
self-controlled|calm|cool|composed|and collected|cool-headed|controlled|serene|tranquil|placid|impassive|self-possessed|self-confident|self-assured|stolid|imperturbable|unruffled|poised|level-headed|dispassionate|philosophical|unflappable|equanimous

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘relating to the humour phlegm’): from Old French fleumatique, via Latin from Greek phlegmatikos, from phlegma ‘inflammation’ (see phlegm).


word: PHLOEM
russian_word: флоэма
origin: late 19th century: from Greek phloos ‘bark’ + the passive suffix -ēma .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfləʊɛm
phonetics_text: ˈfləʊɛm
definition:
the vascular tissue in plants which conducts sugars and other metabolic products downwards from the leaves.


word: PHLOGISTON
russian_word: флогистон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fləˈdʒɪst(ə)n
phonetics_text: fləˈdʒɪst(ə)n|fləˈɡɪst(ə)n
definition:
a substance supposed by 18th-century chemists to exist in all combustible bodies, and to be released in combustion.

origin:
mid 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek phlogizein ‘set on fire’, from phlox, phlog- ‘flame’, from the base of phlegein ‘to burn’.


word: PHLOGOPITE
russian_word: флогопита
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈflɒɡəpʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈflɒɡəpʌɪt
definition:
a brown micaceous mineral which occurs chiefly in metamorphosed limestone and magnesium-rich igneous rocks.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek phlogōpos ‘fiery’ (from the base of phlegein ‘to burn’) + ōps, ōp- ‘face’ + -ite1.


word: PHLOX
russian_word: флокс
origin: modern Latin, from Latin, denoting a flame-coloured flower, from Greek, literally ‘flame’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: flɒks
phonetics_text: flɒks
definition:
a North American plant that typically has dense clusters of colourful scented flowers, widely grown as an alpine or border plant.


word: PHO
russian_word: фо
origin: Vietnamese, perhaps from French feu (in pot-au-feu).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəː
phonetics_text: fəː
definition:
a type of Vietnamese soup, typically made from beef stock and spices to which noodles and thinly sliced beef or chicken are added.


word: PHOBIA
russian_word: фобия
example: she suffered from a phobia about birds
definition: an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
origin: late 18th century: independent usage of -phobia.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊbɪə
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊbɪə
synonyms:
abnormal fear|irrational fear|obsessive fear|fear|dread|horror|terror|dislike|hatred|loathing|detestation|distaste|aversion|antipathy|revulsion|repulsion|spectre|bugbear|bogey|nightmare|bête noire|complex|fixation|preoccupation|idée fixe|mania|neurosis|anxiety|obsession|thing|hang-up


word: PHOENIX
russian_word: феникс
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfiːnɪks
phonetics_text: ˈfiːnɪks
definition:
(in classical mythology) a unique bird that lived for five or six centuries in the Arabian desert, after this time burning itself on a funeral pyre and rising from the ashes with renewed youth to live through another cycle.

origin:
from Old French fenix, via Latin from Greek phoinix ‘Phoenician, reddish purple, or phoenix’. The relationship between the Greek senses is obscure: it could not be ‘the Phoenician bird’ because the legend centres on the temple at Heliopolis in Egypt, where the phoenix is said to have burnt itself on the altar. Perhaps the basic sense is ‘purple’, symbolic of fire and possibly the primary sense of Phoenicia as the purple land (or land of the sunrise).


word: PHONE
russian_word: телефон
example: a few seconds later the phone rang
definition: a telephone.|headphones or earphones.
origin: late 19th century: abbreviation of telephone.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: fəʊn
phonetics_text: fəʊn
synonyms:
telephone|mobile phone|mobile|cell phone|car phone|radiotelephone|cordless phone|videophone|extension|speakerphone|blower|dog and bone


word: PHONECARD
russian_word: -Мэн
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊnkɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊnkɑːd
definition:
a prepaid card which allows the user to make phone calls up to a specified number of units using a cardphone.


word: PHONEMATIC
russian_word: фонематическая
origin: 1930s: from Greek phōnēma, phōnēmatik- ‘relating to a sound’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊnɪˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊnɪˈmatɪk|ˌfɒnɪˈmatɪk
definition:
(in prosodic analysis) denoting a segmental element of vowel or consonant features which combines with other elements such as intonation or stress.


word: PHONEME
russian_word: фонема
origin: late 19th century: from French phonème, from Greek phōnēma ‘sound, speech’, from phōnein ‘speak’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊniːm
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊniːm
definition:
any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.


word: PHONEY
russian_word: подделка
example: phoney cruise-ship job offers
definition: not genuine; fraudulent.
antonyms: authentic|genuine
origin: late 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊni
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊni
synonyms:
bogus|not genuine|sham|false|fake|fraudulent|forged|feigned|counterfeit|so-called|spurious|pseudo|imitation|man-made|mock|ersatz|artificial|synthetic|manufactured|simulated|reproduction|replica|facsimile|dummy|model|toy|make-believe|pretended|contrived|affected|insincere|pretend|put-on|fakey|cod


word: PHONICS
russian_word: акустика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊnɪks
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊnɪks|ˈfɒnɪks
definition:
a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with symbols in an alphabetic writing system.


word: PHONO
russian_word: фоно
example: phono sockets
origin: 1940s: abbreviation of phonograph.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊnəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊnəʊ|ˈfɒnəʊ
definition:
denoting a type of plug, and the corresponding socket, used with audio and video equipment, in which one conductor is cylindrical and the other is a central prong that extends beyond it.


word: PHONOLOGICAL
russian_word: фонологический
example: the improvements in phonological decoding were higher than would be expected
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: fəʊnəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: fəʊnəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l|fɒnəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to the system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language.


word: PHONOLOGY
russian_word: фонология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəˈnɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: fəˈnɒlədʒi
definition:
the system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language.


word: PHONON
russian_word: фононов
origin: 1930s: from Greek phōnē ‘sound’, on the pattern of photon .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊnɒn
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊnɒn
definition:
a quantum of energy or a quasiparticle associated with a compressional wave such as sound or a vibration of a crystal lattice.


word: PHOSGENE
russian_word: фосген
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒzdʒiːn
phonetics_text: ˈfɒzdʒiːn
definition:
a colourless poisonous gas made by the reaction of chlorine and carbon dioxide. It was used as a poison gas, notably in the First World War.

origin:
early 19th century: from Greek phōs ‘light’ + -gen, with reference to its original production by the action of sunlight on chlorine and carbon monoxide.


word: PHOSPHATASE
russian_word: фосфатаза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒsfəteɪz
phonetics_text: ˈfɒsfəteɪz
definition:
an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of organic phosphates in a specified (acid or alkaline) environment.


word: PHOSPHATE
russian_word: фосфат
origin: late 18th century: from French, from phosphore ‘phosphorus’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒsfeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈfɒsfeɪt
definition:
a salt or ester of phosphoric acid, containing PO43− or a related anion or a group such as —OPO(OH)2.|an effervescent soft drink containing phosphoric acid, soda water, and flavouring.


word: PHOSPHATIDE
russian_word: фосфатид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒsfətʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈfɒsfətʌɪd
definition:
any of a class of compounds which are fatty acid esters of glycerol phosphate with a nitrogen base linked to the phosphate group.


word: PHOSPHENE
russian_word: фосфен
origin: late 19th century: formed irregularly from Greek phōs ‘light’ + phainein ‘to show’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒsfiːn
phonetics_text: ˈfɒsfiːn
definition:
a sensation of a ring or spot of light produced by pressure on the eyeball or direct stimulation of the visual system other than by light.


word: PHOSPHOCREATINE
russian_word: фосфокреатин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɒsfə(ʊ)ˈkriːətiːn
phonetics_text: ˌfɒsfə(ʊ)ˈkriːətiːn
definition:
a phosphate ester of creatine found in vertebrate muscle, where it serves to store phosphates to provide energy for muscular contraction.


word: PHOSPHOR
russian_word: фосфор
example: a layer of phosphor is sandwiched between two electrodes
origin: early 17th century: from Latin phosphorus (see phosphorus).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒsfə
phonetics_text: ˈfɒsfə
definition:
a synthetic fluorescent or phosphorescent substance, especially one used to coat the screen of a cathode ray tube.


word: PHOSPHORUS
russian_word: фосфор
origin: late 17th century: from Latin, from Greek phōsphoros, from phōs ‘light’ + -phoros ‘-bringing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɒsf(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˈfɒsf(ə)rəs
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 15, a poisonous, combustible non-metal which exists in two common allotropic forms, white phosphorus, a yellowish waxy solid which ignites spontaneously in air and glows in the dark, and red phosphorus, a less reactive form used in making matches.


word: PHOTOCHROMIC
russian_word: фотохромные
example: photochromic sunglasses
origin: 1950s: from photo- ‘relating to light’ + Greek khrōma ‘colour’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmɪk
definition:
(of a substance) undergoing a reversible change in colour or shade when exposed to light of a particular frequency or intensity.


word: PHOTOCOMPOSITION
russian_word: фотонабор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊkɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊkɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the setting of material to be printed by projecting it on to photographic film from which the printing surface is prepared.


word: PHOTOCOPY
russian_word: ксерокопия
synonyms: reproduction|copy|mimeograph|mimeo|facsimile|fax|duplicate|Xerox|photostat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpi
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpi
definition:
a photographic copy of printed or written material produced by a process involving the action of light on a specially prepared surface.


word: PHOTODETECTOR
russian_word: фотодетектор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊdɪˌtɛktə
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊdɪˌtɛktə
definition:
a device that detects or responds to incident light by using the electrical effect of individual photons.


word: PHOTODIODE
russian_word: фотодиод
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊˈdʌɪəʊd
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊˈdʌɪəʊd
definition:
a semiconductor diode which, when exposed to light, generates a potential difference or changes its electrical resistance.


word: PHOTODYNAMIC
russian_word: фотодинамическая
example: patients are being treated with photodynamic therapy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊdʌɪˈnamɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊdʌɪˈnamɪk
definition:
denoting treatment for cancer involving the injection of a cytotoxic compound which is relatively inactive until activated by a laser beam after collecting in the tumour.


word: PHOTOELECTRON
russian_word: фотоэлектрон
example: photoelectron spectroscopy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊɪˌlɛktrɒn
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊɪˌlɛktrɒn
definition:
an electron emitted from an atom by interaction with a photon, especially an electron emitted from a solid surface by the action of light.


word: PHOTOGENIC
russian_word: фотогеничный
example: a photogenic child
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk|ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːnɪk
definition:
(especially of a person) looking attractive in photographs or on film.|(of an organism or tissue) producing or emitting light.


word: PHOTOGRAM
russian_word: фотограмма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəɡram
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəɡram
definition:
a picture produced with photographic materials, such as light-sensitive paper, but without a camera.


word: PHOTOGRAPH
russian_word: фотография
example: a photograph of her father
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf
definition:
a picture made using a camera, in which an image is focused on to light-sensitive material and then made visible and permanent by chemical treatment, or stored digitally.

synonyms:
picture|photo|shot|snap|snapshot|likeness|image|portrait|study|print|slide|transparency|negative|positive|plate|film|bromide|frame|exposure|still|proof|enlargement|enprint


word: PHOTOGRAPHIC
russian_word: фотографический
example: high-tech digital photographic equipment
definition: relating to or resembling photographs.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəˈɡrafɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəˈɡrafɪk
synonyms:
in photographs|pictorial|graphic|cinematic|filmic|detailed|exact|precise|accurate|minute|faithful|lifelike|vivid|realistic|naturalistic


word: PHOTOMASK
russian_word: фотошаблонов
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊmɑːsk
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊmɑːsk
definition:
a photographic pattern used in making microcircuits, ultraviolet light being shone through the mask on to a photoresist in order to transfer the pattern.


word: PHOTOMECHANICAL
russian_word: фотомеханический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊmɪˈkanɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊmɪˈkanɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting processes in which photography is involved in the making of a printing plate.


word: PHOTOMULTIPLIER
russian_word: фотоумножитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊˈmʌltɪplʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊˈmʌltɪplʌɪə
definition:
an instrument containing a photoelectric cell and a series of electrodes, used to detect and amplify the light from very faint sources.


word: PHOTON
russian_word: фотон
origin: early 20th century: from Greek phōs, phōt- ‘light’, on the pattern of electron .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtɒn
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtɒn
definition:
a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.


word: PHOTONEGATIVE
russian_word: фотонегатив
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: fəʊtəʊˈnɛɡətɪv
phonetics_text: fəʊtəʊˈnɛɡətɪv
definition:
(of an organism) tending to move away from light.|(of a substance) exhibiting a decrease in electrical conductivity under illumination.


word: PHOTONICS
russian_word: фотоника
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəʊˈtɒnɪks
phonetics_text: fəʊˈtɒnɪks
definition:
the branch of technology concerned with the properties and transmission of photons, for example in fibre optics.


word: PHOTOPIC
russian_word: фотопического
origin: early 20th century: from photo- ‘light’ + -opia + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: fəʊˈtɒpɪk
phonetics_text: fəʊˈtɒpɪk|fəʊˈtəʊpɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting vision in daylight or other bright light, believed to involve chiefly the cones of the retina.


word: PHOTOREALISM
russian_word: фотореализм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fəʊtəʊˈrɪəlɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: fəʊtəʊˈrɪəlɪz(ə)m
definition:
a style of art and sculpture characterized by the highly detailed depiction of ordinary life with the impersonality of a photograph.


word: PHOTORECEPTOR
russian_word: фоторецепторов
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊrɪˌsɛptə
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊrɪˌsɛptə
definition:
a structure in a living organism, especially a sensory cell or sense organ, that responds to light falling on it.


word: PHOTORESIST
russian_word: фоторезиста
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊrɪˈzɪst
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊrɪˈzɪst
definition:
a photosensitive resist which, when exposed to light, loses its resistance or its susceptibility to attack by an etchant or solvent. Such materials are used in making microcircuits.


word: PHOTOSET
russian_word: фотосет
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊsɛt
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊsɛt
definition:
set (material for printing) by projecting it on to photographic film from which the printing surface is prepared.


word: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
russian_word: фотосинтез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθɪsɪs
definition:
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by-product.


word: PHOTOSYNTHETIC
russian_word: фотосинтезирующий
example: sunlight captured by photosynthetic organisms
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)sɪnˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)sɪnˈθɛtɪk
definition:
relating to or involved in the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.


word: PHOTOSYSTEM
russian_word: фотосистемы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfəʊtəʊˌsɪstəm
phonetics_text: ˈfəʊtəʊˌsɪstəm
definition:
a biochemical mechanism in plants by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. There are two such mechanisms ( photosystems I and II ) involving different chlorophyll–protein complexes.


word: PHOTOTAXIS
russian_word: фототаксис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtəʊˈtaksɪs
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtəʊˈtaksɪs
definition:
the bodily movement of a motile organism in response to light, either towards the source of light ( positive phototaxis ) or away from it ( negative phototaxis ).


word: PHOTOTROPISM
russian_word: фототропизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪz(ə)m|fəʊˈtɒtrəˌpɪz(ə)m
definition:
the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either towards the source of light ( positive phototropism ) or away from it ( negative phototropism ).


word: PHOTOVOLTAICS
russian_word: фотоэлектрические
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)vɒlˈteɪɪks
phonetics_text: ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)vɒlˈteɪɪks
definition:
the branch of technology concerned with the production of electric current at the junction of two substances.


word: PHRASE
russian_word: фраза
example: ‘to improve standards’ is the key phrase here
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: freɪz
phonetics_text: freɪz
definition:
a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.

synonyms:
expression|group of words|word group|construction|clause|locution|wording|term|turn of phrase|idiom|idiomatic expression|set phrase|phrasal idiom|phrasal verb|remark|comment|saying|utterance|witticism|tag|quotation|quote|citation|line|sentence

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘style or manner of expression’): via late Latin from Greek phrasis, from phrazein ‘declare, tell’.


word: PHRASEOLOGY
russian_word: фразеология
example: legal phraseology
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfreɪzɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌfreɪzɪˈɒlədʒi
definition:
a particular mode of expression, especially one characteristic of a particular speaker or subject area.

synonyms:
wording|choice of words|phrasing|usage|idiom|diction|parlance|words|language|vocabulary|terminology|jargon|patter|cant|-speak|dialect|vernacular|argot|patois|style|way of speaking/writing|manner of speaking/writing|style of speech/writing|mode of speech/writing|façon de parler|lingo|idiolect

origin:
mid 17th century: from modern Latin phraseologia, from Greek phraseōn, genitive plural of phrasis ‘a phrase’ + -logia (see -logy).


word: PHREAK
russian_word: взломщик
example: a few old-time hackers still phreak casually just to keep their hand in
definition: hack into telecommunications systems, especially to obtain free calls.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: friːk
phonetics_text: friːk
origin:
1970s: alteration of freak (perhaps punning on free call ), with the change from f- to ph- apparently by association with phone1.


word: PHRENIC
russian_word: диафрагмальный
example: the phrenic nerves
definition: relating to the diaphragm.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈfrɛnɪk
phonetics_text: ˈfrɛnɪk
origin:
early 18th century: from French phrénique, from Greek phrēn, phren- ‘diaphragm, mind’ (because the mind was once thought to lie in the diaphragm).


word: PHRENOLOGY
russian_word: френология
origin: early 19th century: from Greek phrēn, phren- ‘mind’ + -logy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: frɪˈnɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: frɪˈnɒlədʒi
definition:
the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities.


word: PHUT
russian_word: свист
example: Phut! Up went the Roman candles, like distress flares
origin: late 19th century: imitative.
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: fʌt
phonetics_text: fʌt
definition:
used to represent a sound such as that made by the passage of a bullet or that of a small, muffled explosion.


word: PHYLACTERY
russian_word: филактерия
origin: late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek phulaktērion ‘amulet’, from phulassein ‘to guard’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈlakt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: fɪˈlakt(ə)ri
definition:
a small leather box containing Hebrew texts on vellum, worn by Jewish men at morning prayer as a reminder to keep the law.


word: PHYLLITE
russian_word: филлит
origin: late 19th century: from Greek phullon ‘leaf’ + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɪlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈfɪlʌɪt
definition:
a fine-grained metamorphic rock with a well-developed laminar structure, intermediate between slate and schist.


word: PHYLLOQUINONE
russian_word: филлохинон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɪlə(ʊ)ˈkwɪnəʊn
phonetics_text: ˌfɪlə(ʊ)ˈkwɪnəʊn
definition:
one of the K vitamins, found in cabbage, spinach, and other leafy green vegetables, and essential for the blood-clotting process.


word: PHYLOGENESIS
russian_word: филогенез
origin: late 19th century: from Greek phulon, phulē ‘race, tribe’ + genesis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌfʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
definition:
the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism.


word: PHYLOGENETIC
russian_word: филогенетическое
example: the phylogenetic relationship of mammalian species
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌfʌɪlə(ʊ)dʒəˈnɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌfʌɪlə(ʊ)dʒəˈnɛtɪk
definition:
relating to the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism.


word: PHYLUM
russian_word: тип
origin: late 19th century: modern Latin from Greek, phulon ‘race’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfʌɪləm
phonetics_text: ˈfʌɪləm
definition:
a principal taxonomic category that ranks above class and below kingdom, equivalent to the division in botany.|a group of languages related to each other less closely than those forming a family, especially one in which the relationships are unclear.


word: PHYSALIS
russian_word: физалис
origin: modern Latin, from Greek phusallis ‘bladder’ (because of the inflated calyx).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfʌɪsəlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈfʌɪsəlɪs|ˈfɪsəlɪs|fʌɪˈseɪlɪs
definition:
a plant of a genus that includes the cape gooseberry and Chinese lantern, having an inflated calyx that resembles a lantern in shape.


word: PHYSIC
russian_word: медицина
example: his servant's venture into selling physic
definition: medicinal drugs.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈfɪzɪk
phonetics_text: ˈfɪzɪk
origin:
Middle English: from Old French fisique ‘medicine’, from Latin physica, from Greek phusikē (epistēmē) ‘(knowledge) of nature’.


word: PHYSICAL
russian_word: физический
example: a range of physical and mental challenges|the physical world|physical laws
antonyms: mental
synonyms: bodily|corporeal|corporal|fleshly|in the flesh|somatic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to the body as opposed to the mind.|relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.|relating to physics or the operation of natural forces generally.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘relating to medicine’): from medieval Latin physicalis, from Latin physica ‘things relating to nature’ (see physic). Sense 2 dates from the late 16th century and sense 1 from the late 18th century.


word: PHYSICALLY
russian_word: физически
example: physically demanding work|cyberspace is a virtual place; it does not physically exist
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈfɪzɪkli
phonetics_text: ˈfɪzɪkli
definition:
in a manner relating to the body as opposed to the mind.|in a way that relates to the real world and things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind.


word: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
russian_word: естественные науки
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the sciences concerned with the study of inanimate natural objects, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and related subjects.


word: PHYSICAL THERAPY
russian_word: физиотерапия
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise rather than by drugs or surgery; physiotherapy.


word: PHYSICIAN
russian_word: врач
example: our family physician
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a person qualified to practise medicine, especially one who specializes in diagnosis and medical treatment as distinct from surgery.

synonyms:
doctor|doctor of medicine|MD|medical practitioner|medical man/woman/person|surgeon|doc|medic|medico|quack|leech|sawbones

origin:
Middle English: from Old French fisicien, based on Latin physica ‘things relating to nature’ (see physic).


word: PHYSICS
russian_word: физика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɪzɪks
phonetics_text: ˈfɪzɪks
definition:
the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting natural science in general, especially the Aristotelian system): plural of obsolete physic ‘physical (thing’), suggested by Latin physica, Greek phusika ‘natural things’ from phusis ‘nature’.


word: PHYSIOCRAT
russian_word: физиократ
origin: late 18th century: from French physiocrate, from physiocratie ‘physiocracy’ (see physio-, -cracy).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈfɪzɪəkrat
phonetics_text: ˈfɪzɪəkrat
definition:
a member of an 18th-century group of French economists who believed that agriculture was the source of all wealth and that agricultural products should be highly priced. Advocating adherence to a supposed natural order of social institutions, they also stressed the necessity of free trade.


word: PHYSIOGNOMIST
russian_word: физиономист
origin: late 16th century: from Old French physionomiste .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɪzɪˈɒ(ɡ)nəmɪst
phonetics_text: ˌfɪzɪˈɒ(ɡ)nəmɪst
definition:
a person supposedly able to judge character (or, formerly, to predict the future) from facial characteristics.


word: PHYSIOGNOMY
russian_word: физиогномика
example: friends began to notice a change in his physiognomy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɪzɪˈɒ(ɡ)nəmi
phonetics_text: ˌfɪzɪˈɒ(ɡ)nəmi
definition:
a person's facial features or expression, especially when regarded as indicative of character or ethnic origin.

synonyms:
face|features|countenance|profile|expression|facial expression|look|mug|kisser|clock|mush|dial|phizog|phiz|boat race|coupon|bake|puss|pan|mien|visage|lineaments|front

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French phisonomie, via medieval Latin from Greek phusiognōmonia ‘judging of a man's nature (by his features)’, based on gnōmōn ‘a judge, interpreter’.


word: PHYSIOLOGICAL
russian_word: физиологический
example: physiological research on the causes of violent behaviour
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: fɪzɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: fɪzɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.


word: PHYSIOLOGIST
russian_word: физиолог
example: these three kinds of muscular motion are well known to physiologists
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪst
phonetics_text: ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪst
definition:
an expert in or student of the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.


word: PHYSIOLOGY
russian_word: физиология
definition: the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒi
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin physiologia (perhaps via French), from Greek phusiologia ‘natural philosophy’ (see physio-, -logy).


word: PHYSIOTHERAPIST
russian_word: физиотерапевт
example: after a hip replacement operation, the physiotherapist gave me an exercise programme to follow
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪzɪəʊˈθɛrəpɪst
phonetics_text: fɪzɪəʊˈθɛrəpɪst
definition:
a person qualified to treat disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise.


word: PHYSIOTHERAPY
russian_word: физиотерапия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfɪzɪə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi
phonetics_text: ˌfɪzɪə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi
definition:
the treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise rather than by drugs or surgery.


word: PHYSIQUE
russian_word: телосложение
example: a sturdy, muscular physique
definition: the form, size, and development of a person's body.
origin: early 19th century: from French, literally ‘physical’ (used as a noun).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: fɪˈziːk
phonetics_text: fɪˈziːk
synonyms:
body|build|figure|frame|anatomy|constitution|shape|form|proportions|(physical) make-up|physical/body structure|physical development|muscles|musculature|skeleton|flesh|vital statistics|bod|carcass|chassis|soma


word: PHYSOSTIGMINE
russian_word: физостигмин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfʌɪsəʊˈstɪɡmiːn
phonetics_text: ˌfʌɪsəʊˈstɪɡmiːn
definition:
a compound which is the active ingredient of the Calabar bean and is used medicinally in eye drops on account of its anticholinesterase activity.

origin:
mid 19th century: from the modern Latin genus name Physostigma (to which the Calabar bean belongs) + -ine4.


word: PHYTOALEXIN
russian_word: фитоалексинам
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfʌɪtəʊəˈlɛksɪn
phonetics_text: ˌfʌɪtəʊəˈlɛksɪn
definition:
a substance that is produced by plant tissues in response to contact with a parasite and specifically inhibits the growth of that parasite.

origin:
1940s: from phyto- ‘of plants’ + alexin, a name for a class of substances found in blood serum, able to destroy bacteria.


word: PHYTOESTROGEN
russian_word: фитоэстрогенами
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌfʌɪtəʊˈiːstrədʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌfʌɪtəʊˈiːstrədʒ(ə)n
definition:
a substance found in certain plants which can produce effects like that of the hormone oestrogen when ingested into the body.


word: PIAFFE
russian_word: идти медленной рысью
example: a piaffe calls for more collection than a measured trot
origin: mid 18th century: from French piaffer ‘to strut’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪˈaf
phonetics_text: pɪˈaf
definition:
a movement performed in advanced dressage and classical riding, in which the horse executes a slow elevated trot without moving forward.


word: PIANO
russian_word: пианино
origin: early 19th century: from Italian, abbreviation of pianoforte.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈanəʊ
phonetics_text: pɪˈanəʊ
definition:
a large keyboard musical instrument with a wooden case enclosing a soundboard and metal strings, which are struck by hammers when the keys are depressed. The strings' vibration is stopped by dampers when the keys are released and can be regulated for length and volume by two or three pedals.


word: PIANOFORTE
russian_word: фортепьяно
definition: formal term for piano1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˌanəʊˈfɔːteɪ
phonetics_text: pɪˌanəʊˈfɔːteɪ|pɪˌanəʊˈfɔːti
origin:
mid 18th century: from Italian, earlier piano e forte ‘soft and loud’, expressing the gradation in tone.


word: PIBROCH
russian_word: вариации для волынки
example: the Great Music, or pibroch, can be a mystery to pipers of even reasonable competence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːbrɒk
phonetics_text: ˈpiːbrɒk|ˈpiːbrɒx
definition:
a form of music for the Scottish bagpipes involving elaborate variations on a theme, typically of a martial or funerary character.

origin:
early 18th century: from Scottish Gaelic piobaireachd ‘art of piping’, from piobair ‘piper’, from piob, from Englishpipe.


word: PICA
russian_word: цицеро
definition: a unit of type size and line length equal to 12 points (about 1/6 inch or 4.2 mm).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪkə
origin:
late 16th century: from Anglo-Latin pica (literally ‘magpie’), commonly identified with a 15th-century book of rules about Church feasts, but no edition of such a pica printed in ‘pica’ type is known.


word: PICARESQUE
russian_word: плутовской
example: a picaresque adventure novel
origin: early 19th century: from French, from Spanish picaresco, from pícaro ‘rogue’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk
phonetics_text: ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk
definition:
relating to an episodic style of fiction dealing with the adventures of a rough and dishonest but appealing hero.


word: PICAYUNE
russian_word: презренный
example: the picayune squabbling of party politicians
definition: of little value or significance; petty.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpɪkəˈjuːn
phonetics_text: ˌpɪkəˈjuːn
origin:
early 19th century: from French picaillon, denoting a Piedmontese copper coin, also used to mean ‘cash’, from Provençal picaioun, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: PICCANINNY
russian_word: ребятенок
definition: a small black child.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪkənɪni
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkənɪni|ˌpɪkəˈnɪni
origin:
mid 17th century: from West Indian creole, from Spanish pequeño or Portuguese pequeno ‘little’, pequenino ‘tiny’.


word: PICK
russian_word: выбирать
antonyms: reject|discard
synonyms: harvest|gather (in)|collect|take in|pluck|pull|dig|crop|reap|bring home|glean|garner|cull
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɪk
phonetics_text: pɪk
example:
I went to pick some flowers for Jenny's room|maybe I picked the wrong career after all|she picked a hole in her tights|people were singing and picking guitars

definition:
detach and remove (a flower, fruit, or vegetable) from where it is growing.|choose (someone or something) from a number of alternatives.|make (a hole) in fabric by pulling at it with one's fingers.|pluck the strings of (a guitar or banjo).

origin:
Middle English (earlier as pike, which continues in dialect use): of unknown origin. Compare with Dutch pikken ‘pick, peck’, and German picken ‘peck, puncture’, also with French piquer ‘to prick’.


word: PICK AT
russian_word: клевать
example:
the old woman was picking at the sheet|she picked at her breakfast|now, please don't start picking at Ruth

definition:
repeatedly pull at something with one's fingers.|eat food in small amounts or without much appetite.|criticize someone in a petty way.

synonyms:
nibble|peck|eat listlessly|toy with|play with|take very small bites from|eat like a bird|show no appetite for|eat sparingly of


word: PICKAXE
russian_word: киркомотыга
definition: another term for pick2 (sense 1).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪkaks
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkaks
origin:
Middle English pikoys, from Old French picois ; related to pike2. The change in the ending was due to association with axe.


word: PICKER
russian_word: сборщик
example: a tomato picker|a talented acoustic guitar and banjo picker
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkə
definition:
a person or machine that picks fruit or vegetables.|a person who plucks the strings of a guitar, banjo, or similar musical instrument.


word: PICKET
russian_word: пикет
synonyms: striker|demonstrator|protester|objector|picketer|strike picket|flying picket
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkɪt
example:
forty pickets were arrested|when would this headlong advance run into the enemy pickets?|a cedar-picket stockade

definition:
a person or group of people who stand outside a workplace or other venue as a protest or to try to persuade others not to enter during a strike.|a soldier or small group of soldiers performing a particular duty, especially one sent out to watch for the enemy.|a pointed wooden stake driven into the ground, typically to form a fence or to tether a horse.

origin:
late 17th century (denoting a pointed stake, on which a soldier was required to stand on one foot as a military punishment): from French piquet ‘pointed stake’, from piquer ‘to prick’, from pic ‘pike’.


word: PICKLE
russian_word: рассол
example: cheese and pickle|I am in a pickle|‘All right, me pickle’, said Dad
synonyms: relish|chutney|chow chow|piccalilli|sauerkraut|achar|tsukemono
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪk(ə)l
definition:
a relish consisting of vegetables or fruit preserved in vinegar or brine.|a difficult situation.|used as an affectionate form of address to a mischievous child.|an acid solution for cleaning metal objects.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a spicy sauce served with meat): from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: PICK-ME-UP
russian_word: тоник
example: ginseng has long been used as a pick-me-up
definition: a thing that makes one feel more energetic or cheerful.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪkmɪʌp
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkmɪʌp
synonyms:
tonic|restorative|energizer|stimulant|antidepressant|refresher|pep pill|upper|reviver|bracer|analeptic|roborant|boost|boost to the spirits|fillip|uplift|stimulus|invigoration|shot in the arm


word: PICKOFF
russian_word: съема
example: a pickoff play
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪkɒf
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkɒf
definition:
an act of catching a runner off base, involving a sudden throw of the ball to that base by the pitcher or catcher.|a device in the control or guidance system of an aircraft or boat which emits or alters an electrical, optical, or pneumatic output in response to a change in motion.


word: PICK OFF
russian_word: сдирать
example: the soldiers were picked off by snipers
definition: shoot a member of a group, aiming carefully from a distance.
synonyms:
shoot (down)|gun down|fire at|hit|put a bullet in|fell|bring down|take out|kill|bag|wound|injure|pot|zap|plug|slay


word: PICK ON
russian_word: докучать
example:
no one is picking on you—we're trying to help|I have a tendency to pick on something small and mull it over for far too long

definition:
repeatedly single someone out for criticism or unkind treatment in a way perceived to be unfair.|choose someone or something from a number of alternatives.

synonyms:
bully|victimize|tyrannize|torment|persecute|criticize|grumble at|discriminate against|badger|bait|goad|tease|get at|have it in for|have a down on|be down on|needle


word: PICK OUT
russian_word: выделить
example:
Lester picked out two familiar voices|she left Jed to pick out some toys|she began to pick out a rough melody on the guitar

definition:
distinguish someone or something from a group.|choose someone or something from a number of alternatives.|play a tune on a musical instrument slowly or with difficulty.

synonyms:
see|discern|spot|distinguish|perceive|make out|detect|notice|observe|recognize|identify|catch sight of|glimpse|discover|espy|behold|descry


word: PICKPOCKET
russian_word: карманник
definition: a person who steals from people's pockets.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪkpɒkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkpɒkɪt
synonyms:
thief|petty thief|sneak thief|bag snatcher|purse-snatcher|cutpurse|pickpurse|pocket-picker|purse-picker|finger|dipper|reefer


word: PICKUP
russian_word: пикап
antonyms: slump|downturn
synonyms: pickup truck|utility vehicle/truck|monster truck|bakkie|ute
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪkʌp
phonetics_text: ˈpɪkʌp
example:
travel by coach from your local pickup point to your hotel|most people met through casual pickups|a pickup in demand|this microphone helps reduce the pickup of background noise

definition:
a small van or truck with low sides.|an act of collecting a person or goods, especially in a vehicle.|a casual encounter with a stranger with a view to having sex.|an improvement, especially in an economy.|a device that produces an electrical signal in response to some other kind of signal or change.|the reception of signals, especially interference or noise, by electrical apparatus.|a series of introductory notes leading into the opening part of a tune.|a semicircular loop of metal for guiding the line back on to the spool as it is reeled in.


word: PICK UP
russian_word: набираться
synonyms: lift|take up|raise|hoist|scoop up|gather up|seize|snatch up|grab
example:
I reached out and picked up a magazine|will you pick the children up from school?|one night I picked up a stranger in a bar|she picked him up on one niggling point|songs to pick you up and make you feel good|Emily picked herself up off the grass|Wanda came over to pick up her things|he had picked up a little Russian from his father|my luck's picked up|we've picked up a distress signal|let's pick up where we left off yesterday

definition:
take hold of and lift or move someone or something.|go somewhere to collect someone, typically in one's car.|casually strike up a conversation with a stranger, with the aim of having sex with them.|return to a point made by someone in order to criticize it.|make someone feel more energetic and cheerful.|stand up again after a fall.|collect something that has been left elsewhere.|obtain, acquire, or learn something, especially in an informal way.|become better; improve.|detect or receive a signal or sound, especially by means of electronic apparatus.|resume something.


word: PICNIC
russian_word: пикник
example: we swam and went on picnics
definition: an occasion when a packed meal is eaten outdoors, especially during an outing to the countryside.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪknɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpɪknɪk
synonyms:
outdoor meal|al fresco meal|barbecue|garden party|barbie|fête champêtre|déjeuner sur l'herbe|clambake|cookout|burgoo|hangi|braaivleis

origin:
mid 18th century (denoting a social event at which each guest contributes a share of the food): from French pique-nique, of unknown origin.


word: PICORNAVIRUS
russian_word: пикорнавирус
origin: 1960s: from pico- + RNA + virus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈkɔːnəˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: pɪˈkɔːnəˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
any of a group of very small RNA viruses which includes enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, and the virus of foot-and-mouth disease.


word: PICOT
russian_word: пико
example: a cardigan with picot edging around the neck
origin: early 17th century: from French, literally ‘small peak or point’, diminutive of pic .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːkəʊ
definition:
a small loop or series of small loops of twisted thread in lace or embroidery, typically decorating the border of a fabric.


word: PICROTOXIN
russian_word: пикротоксина
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pikros ‘bitter’ + toxin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn
phonetics_text: ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn
definition:
a bitter compound used to stimulate the respiratory and nervous system, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning.


word: PICTOGRAPH
russian_word: пиктограмма
example: an ancient pictograph of the Great Goddess
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin pict- ‘painted’ (from the verb pingere ) + -graph.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪktəɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈpɪktəɡrɑːf
definition:
a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. Pictographs were used as the earliest known form of writing, examples having been discovered in Egypt and Mesopotamia from before 3000 BC.


word: PICTORIAL
russian_word: изобразительный
example: feelings presented in a pictorial form
definition: of or expressed in pictures; illustrated.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɪkˈtɔːrɪəl
phonetics_text: pɪkˈtɔːrɪəl
synonyms:
illustrated|with illustrations|with pictures|with drawings|with sketches|in pictures|in picture form|in photographs|photographic|graphic|representational|depictive|illustrative|drawn

origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin pictorius (from Latin pictor ‘painter’, from the verb pingere ‘to paint’) + -al.


word: PICTURE
russian_word: картинка
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pictura, from pict- ‘painted’ (from the verb pingere ).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪktʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪktʃə
example:
draw a picture of a tree|a full picture of the disaster had not yet emerged|‘How excessively like her brother Miss Morland is!’ ‘The very picture of him, indeed!’

definition:
a painting or drawing.|an impression of something formed from a description.|a person or thing resembling another closely.

synonyms:
painting|drawing|sketch|print|canvas|delineation|cartoon|portrait|portrayal|illustration|artist's impression|artwork|depiction|likeness|representation|image|icon


word: PICTURESQUE
russian_word: живописный
example: ruined abbeys and picturesque villages
definition: (of a place or building) visually attractive, especially in a quaint or charming way.
antonyms: ugly|drab
synonyms: attractive|pretty|beautiful|lovely|scenic|charming|quaint|pleasing|delightful|romantic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɪktʃəˈrɛsk
phonetics_text: ˌpɪktʃəˈrɛsk
origin:
early 18th century: from French pittoresque, from Italian pittoresco, from pittore ‘painter’ (from Latin pictor ). The change from -tt- to -ct- was due to association with picture.


word: PIDDLING
russian_word: пустячный
example: piddling little questions
definition: pathetically trivial; trifling.
antonyms: significant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪd(ə)lɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪd(ə)lɪŋ
synonyms:
trivial|trifling|petty|footling|slight|small|insignificant|unimportant|inconsequential|inconsiderable|of little account|peripheral|subsidiary|negligible|worthless|useless|meagre|inadequate|insufficient|paltry|scant|scanty|derisory|pitiful|pitiable|miserable|sorry|wretched|puny|niggardly|beggarly|ungenerous|inappreciable|mere|mean|measly|pathetic|piffling|mingy|poxy|nickel-and-dime|dinky|exiguous


word: PIDDOCK
russian_word: Пиддок
origin: mid 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪdək
phonetics_text: ˈpɪdək
definition:
a bivalve mollusc which bores into soft rock or other firm surfaces. The valves of the shell have a conspicuous gap between them and rough frontal ridges to aid in boring.


word: PIDGIN
russian_word: пиджин
origin: late 19th century: Chinese alteration of English business .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪdʒɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɪdʒɪn
definition:
a grammatically simplified form of a language, typically English, Dutch, or Portuguese, some elements of which are taken from local languages, used for communication between people not sharing a common language.


word: PIE
russian_word: пирог
example: a meat pie
definition: a baked dish of fruit, or meat and vegetables, typically with a top and base of pastry.
synonyms: pastry|tart|tartlet|quiche|pasty|patty|turnover
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪ
phonetics_text: pʌɪ
origin:
Middle English: probably the same word as pie2, the various combinations of ingredients being compared to objects randomly collected by a magpie.


word: PIEBALD
russian_word: пегий
definition: (of a horse) having irregular patches of two colours, typically black and white.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪbɔːld
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪbɔːld
synonyms:
black and white|brown and white|pied|skewbald|dappled|brindled|brindle|spotted|marked|mottled|speckled|flecked|patchy|blotchy|blotched|variegated|multicoloured|multicolour|particoloured|tabby|pinto|marled|jaspé

origin:
late 16th century: from pie2 (because of the magpie's black-and-white plumage) + bald (in the obsolete sense ‘streaked with white’).


word: PIECE
russian_word: кусок
example: a piece of cheese|a haunting piece of music|a crucial piece of evidence|a 10p piece|a chess piece
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: piːs
phonetics_text: piːs
definition:
a portion of an object or of material, produced by cutting, tearing, or breaking the whole.|a written, musical, or artistic creation.|an instance or example.|a coin of specified value.|a figure or token used to make moves in a board game.|a firearm.|a woman.|a sandwich or other item of food taken as a snack.

synonyms:
bit|section|slice|chunk|segment|lump|hunk|wedge|slab|knob|block|cake|bar|tablet|brick|cube|stick|length|offcut|sample|particle|fragment|flake|sliver|splinter|wafer|chip|crumb|grain|speck|scrap|remnant|shred|shard|snippet|mite|mouthful|morsel|wodge|broken|in bits|shattered|smashed|in smithereens|bust

origin:
Middle English: from Old French piece (compare with medieval Latin pecia, petium ), of obscure ultimate origin.


word: PIECEMEAL
russian_word: по частям
example: the village is slowly being killed off by piecemeal development
definition: characterized by unsystematic partial measures taken over a period of time.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈpiːsmiːl
phonetics_text: ˈpiːsmiːl
synonyms:
a little at a time|piece by piece|bit by bit|gradually|slowly|in stages|in steps|step by step|little by little|by degrees|in/by fits and starts|in bits|bittily|irregularly|erratically|unevenly|discontinuously|disjointedly|unsystematically|inchmeal

origin:
Middle English: from the noun piece + -meal from Old English mǣlum, in the sense ‘measure, quantity taken at one time’.


word: PIED
russian_word: пестрый
example: the pied flycatcher
definition: having two or more different colours.
origin: Middle English (originally in the sense ‘black and white like a magpie’): from pie2 + -ed1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pʌɪd
phonetics_text: pʌɪd
synonyms:
multicoloured|variegated|particoloured|tabby|black and white|brown and white|piebald|skewbald|dappled|brindled|brindle|spotted|marked|mottled|speckled|flecked|patchy|blotchy|blotched|pinto|marled|jaspé


word: PIER
russian_word: пирс
origin: Middle English: from medieval Latin pera, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪə
phonetics_text: pɪə
definition:
a platform on pillars projecting from the shore into the sea, typically incorporating entertainment arcades and places to eat.|a long, narrow structure projecting from an airport terminal, giving passengers access to an aircraft.|a solid support designed to sustain vertical pressure.


word: PIERCE
russian_word: проколоть
example: a splinter had pierced the skin|they were seeking to pierce the anti-ballistic-missile defences
definition: (of a sharp pointed object) go into or through (something).|force a way through; penetrate.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɪəs
phonetics_text: pɪəs
synonyms:
make a hole in|penetrate|puncture|punch|perforate|riddle|stab|prick|probe|gore|spike|stick|impale|transfix|bore (through)|drill (through)|lance|tap

origin:
Middle English: from Old French percer, based on Latin pertus- ‘bored through’, from the verb pertundere, from per ‘through’ + tundere ‘thrust’.


word: PIERCING
russian_word: пронзительный
example: her piercing analysis
definition: having or showing shrewdness or keen intelligence.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɪəsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪəsɪŋ
synonyms:
shrewd|discerning|perceptive|probing|searching|observant|penetrating|penetrative|sharp|keen|alert|intent|inquisitive|percipient|perspicacious|discriminating|intelligent|quick-witted|sharp-witted|insightful|acute|astute|clever|smart|incisive|knife-like|razor-edged|trenchant|subtle|quick|ready|clear|sensitive|thoughtful|deep|profound


word: PIEROGI
russian_word: вареники
origin: via Polish pieróg or Ukrainian pyrih from Russian pirog .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪəˈrəʊɡi
phonetics_text: pɪəˈrəʊɡi
definition:
a small dough dumpling stuffed with a filling such as potato or cheese, typically served as a dish with onions or sour cream.


word: PIERROT
russian_word: Пьеро
origin: French, diminutive of the male given name Pierre ‘Peter’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪərəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪərəʊ|ˈpjɛrəʊ
definition:
a stock male character in French pantomime, with a sad white-painted face, a loose white costume, and a pointed hat.


word: PIETY
russian_word: благочестие
example: acts of piety and charity
definition: the quality of being religious or reverent.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪəti
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪəti
synonyms:
devoutness|devotion|piousness|religiousness|religion|holiness|godliness|sanctity|sanctitude|saintliness|devotion to God|veneration|reverence|faith|religious duty|spirituality|sacredness|religious zeal|fervour|pietism|religiosity

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘devotion to religious observances’): from Old French piete, from Latin pietas ‘dutifulness’, from pius (see pious).


word: PIEZOMETER
russian_word: пьезометр
origin: early 19th century: from Greek piezein ‘press, squeeze’ + -meter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌɪɪˈzɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪɪˈzɒmɪtə
definition:
an instrument for measuring the pressure of a liquid or gas, or something related to pressure (such as the compressibility of liquid). Piezometers are often placed in boreholes to monitor the pressure or depth of groundwater.


word: PIFFLE
russian_word: вздор
example: it's absolute piffle to say that violence is ok
definition: nonsense.
origin: mid 19th century: diminutive of imitative piff .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪf(ə)l
synonyms:
nonsense|garbage|claptrap|balderdash|blather|blether|moonshine|foolishness|silliness|rubbish|tripe|hogwash|baloney|drivel|bilge|bosh|bull|bunk|guff|eyewash|poppycock|phooey|hooey|malarkey|twaddle|dribble|rot|cobblers|codswallop|stuff and nonsense|tosh|cack|havers|codology|flapdoodle|blathers|applesauce|wack|bushwa|bunkum|tommyrot|cod|gammon|toffee|bullshit|crap|balls|bollocks|bulldust


word: PIFFLING
russian_word: ничтожный
example: it was recorded in a basement for a piffling two grand
definition: trivial; unimportant.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪflɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪflɪŋ
synonyms:
inadequate|insufficient|tiny|small|minimal|trifling|paltry|pitiful|miserly|miserable|negligible|token|nominal|insulting|derisory|contemptible|outrageous|ridiculous|laughable|ludicrous|risible|preposterous|absurd|measly|stingy|lousy|pathetic|piddling|mingy|poxy|nickel-and-dime


word: PIG
russian_word: свинья
example: I bet he's scoffed them all, greedy pig|were the pigs there when the windows were smashed or not?
synonyms: hog|boar|sow|porker|swine|piglet|piggy|baconer|cutter|grunter
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪɡ
phonetics_text: pɪɡ
definition:
an omnivorous domesticated hoofed mammal with sparse bristly hair and a flat snout for rooting in the soil, kept for its meat.|a greedy, dirty, or unpleasant person.|a police officer.|an oblong mass of iron or lead from a smelting furnace.|a device which fits snugly inside an oil or gas pipeline and is sent through it to clean or test the inside, or to act as a barrier.

origin:
Middle English: probably from the first element of Old English picbrēd  ‘acorn’, literally ‘pig bread’ (i.e. food for pigs).


word: PIGEON
russian_word: голубь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪdʒɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɪdʒɪn|ˈpɪdʒ(ə)n
definition:
a stout seed- or fruit-eating bird with a small head, short legs, and a cooing voice, typically having grey and white plumage.|a gullible person, especially someone swindled in gambling or the victim of a confidence trick.|an aircraft from one's own side.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pijon, denoting a young bird, especially a young dove, from an alteration of late Latin pipio(n- ), ‘young cheeping bird’ of imitative origin.


word: PIGEONHOLE
russian_word: классифицировать
example: people identified me with a homely farmer's wife and I could never escape that pigeonhole
synonyms: cubbyhole|compartment|slot|locker|niche
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪdʒɪnhəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪdʒɪnhəʊl
definition:
a small recess for a domestic pigeon to nest in.|each of a set of small open-fronted compartments in a workplace or other organization where letters or messages may be left for individuals.|a category, typically an overly restrictive one, to which someone or something is assigned.


word: PIGGERY
russian_word: свинарник
example: the piggery of a midnight supper
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪɡ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpɪɡ(ə)ri
definition:
a farm where pigs are bred or kept.|behaviour regarded as characteristic of pigs in greed or unpleasantness.


word: PIGMENT
russian_word: пигмент
example: carotenoid pigments are red, orange, or yellow
definition: the natural colouring matter of animal or plant tissue.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪɡm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɪɡm(ə)nt
origin:
Middle English, from Latin pigmentum, from pingere ‘to paint’. The verb dates from the late 19th century.


word: PIGTAIL
russian_word: косичка
example: she had her hair done in pigtails
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪɡteɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪɡteɪl
definition:
a plaited lock of hair worn singly at the back or on each side of the head.|a short length of braided wire connecting a stationary part to a moving part in an electrical device.|a thin twist of tobacco.


word: PIKA
russian_word: пищуха
origin: early 19th century: from Tungus piika .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪkə|ˈpiːkə
definition:
a small mammal related to the rabbits, having rounded ears, short limbs, and a very small tail, found mainly in the mountains and deserts of Asia.


word: PIKE
russian_word: щука
origin: Middle English: from pike2 (because of the fish's pointed jaw).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪk
phonetics_text: pʌɪk
definition:
a long-bodied predatory freshwater fish with a pointed snout and large teeth, of both Eurasia and North America.


word: PILASTER
russian_word: пилястр
definition: a rectangular column, especially one projecting from a wall.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈlastə
phonetics_text: pɪˈlastə
origin:
late 16th century: from French pilastre, from Italian pilastro or medieval Latin pilastrum, from Latin pila ‘pillar’.


word: PILAU
russian_word: плов
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈlaʊ
phonetics_text: pɪˈlaʊ|ˈpiːlaʊ
definition:
a Middle Eastern or Indian dish of rice (or sometimes wheat) cooked in stock with spices, typically having added meat or vegetables.

origin:
early 17th century: Persian pulaw, pilāv, Hindi pulāv, from Sanskrit pulāka ‘ball of rice’, probably from Dravidian. Compare with pilaf.


word: PILE
russian_word: куча
example: he placed the books in a neat pile|a Victorian Gothic pile
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pila ‘pillar, pier’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌɪl
phonetics_text: pʌɪl
definition:
a heap of things laid or lying one on top of another.|a large imposing building or group of buildings.|a series of plates of dissimilar metals laid one on another alternately to produce an electric current.|a nuclear reactor.

synonyms:
heap|stack|mound|pyramid|mass|quantity|bundle|clump|bunch|jumble|collection|accumulation|assemblage|store|stockpile|aggregation|hoard|load|tower|rick|cold deck|rickle|bing


word: PILES
russian_word: геморрой
definition: haemorrhoids.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪlz
phonetics_text: pʌɪlz
origin:
late Middle English: probably from Latin pila ‘ball’ (because of the globular form of external haemorrhoids).


word: PILFER
russian_word: воровать
example: she produced the handful of coins she had managed to pilfer
definition: steal (things of little value).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɪlfə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪlfə
synonyms:
steal|thieve|rob|take|snatch|purloin|loot|rifle|abscond with|carry off|pillage|walk off/away with|run away/off with|swipe|nab|rip off|lift|`liberate'|`borrow'|filch|snaffle|snitch|pinch|half-inch|nick|whip|knock off|nobble|bone|heist|glom|snavel|tief|crib|hook

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun in the sense ‘action of pilfering, something pilfered’): from Old French pelfrer ‘to pillage’, of unknown origin. Compare with pelf.


word: PILL
russian_word: пилюля
example: an overdose of sleeping pills
synonyms: tablet|capsule|caplet|pellet|lozenge|pastille|jujube|bolus|troche|pilule
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪl
phonetics_text: pɪl
definition:
a small round mass of solid medicine for swallowing whole.|a tedious or unpleasant person.|(in some sports) a humorous term for a ball.

origin:
late Middle English: ultimately from Latin pilula ‘little ball’, diminutive of pila ; compare with Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pille .


word: PILLAR
russian_word: столб
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French piler, based on Latin pila ‘pillar’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪlə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪlə
definition:
a tall vertical structure of stone, wood, or metal, used as a support for a building, or as an ornament or monument.

synonyms:
column|post|pole|support|upright|vertical|baluster|pier|pile|piling|pilaster|stanchion|standard|prop|buttress|rod|shaft|leg|mast|tower|pylon|obelisk|monolith|newel|caryatid|telamon|herm


word: PILLBOX
russian_word: коробочка для пилюль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪlbɒks
phonetics_text: ˈpɪlbɒks
definition:
a woman's hat with straight sides, a flat top, and no brim.|a small, partly underground concrete fort used as an outpost.|a small shallow cylindrical box for holding pills.


word: PILLION
russian_word: заднее сиденье
definition: a seat for a passenger behind a motorcyclist.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪljən
phonetics_text: ˈpɪljən
origin:
late 15th century (denoting a light saddle): from Scottish Gaelic pillean, Irish pillín ‘small cushion’, diminutive of pell, from Latin pellis ‘skin’.


word: PILLOCK
russian_word: олух
example: a complete pillock!
definition: a stupid person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪlək
phonetics_text: ˈpɪlək
origin:
mid 16th century: variant of archaic pillicock ‘penis’, the early sense of pillock in northern English.


word: PILLORY
russian_word: позорный столб
synonyms: stocks
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪləri
phonetics_text: ˈpɪləri
definition:
a wooden framework with holes for the head and hands, in which offenders were formerly imprisoned and exposed to public abuse.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French pilori, probably from Provençal espilori (associated by some with a Catalan word meaning ‘peephole’, of uncertain origin).


word: PILLOW
russian_word: подушка
synonyms: cushion|bolster|headrest|pad|support|rest
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪləʊ
definition:
a rectangular cloth bag stuffed with feathers or other soft materials, used to support the head when lying or sleeping.

origin:
Old English pyle, pylu, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch peluw and German Pfühl, based on Latin pulvinus ‘cushion’.


word: PILOCARPINE
russian_word: пилокарпин
origin: late 19th century: from modern Latin Pilocarpus (genus name of the jaborandi) + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpiːn
phonetics_text: ˌpʌɪlə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpiːn
definition:
a volatile alkaloid obtained from jaborandi leaves, used to contract the pupils and to relieve pressure in the eye in glaucoma patients.


word: PILOT
russian_word: пилот
example: a strike by local airline pilots|he returns to our TV screens in a pilot for a Channel 4 sitcom
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌɪlət
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪlət
definition:
a person who operates the flying controls of an aircraft.|a television or radio programme made to test audience reaction with a view to the production of a series.|an unmodulated reference signal transmitted with another signal for the purposes of control or synchronization.|another term for cowcatcher.

synonyms:
airman/airwoman|flyer|aeronaut|captain|commander|co-pilot|first/second officer|wingman|aircrew|skipper|aviator|aviatrix|birdman|jock|fly boy

origin:
early 16th century (denoting a person who steers a ship): from French pilote, from medieval Latin pilotus, an alteration of pedota, based on Greek pēdon ‘oar’, (plural) ‘rudder’.


word: PIMA
russian_word: Пима
origin: Spanish, shortening of Pimahito, from Pima pimahaitu ‘nothing’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpiːmə
phonetics_text: ˈpiːmə
definition:
a member of either of two North American peoples, the ( Upper ) Pima living chiefly along the Gila and Salt rivers of southern Arizona, and the Lower Pima of central Sonora.|the Uto-Aztecan language of the Pima and the Papago.


word: PIMP
russian_word: сутенер
origin: late 16th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪmp
phonetics_text: pɪmp
definition:
a man who controls prostitutes and arranges clients for them, taking a percentage of their earnings in return.|a telltale or informer.

synonyms:
procurer|procuress|go-between|brothel-keeper|madam|souteneur|ponce|hoon|pander|panderess|mack|bawd|fancy man


word: PIMPERNEL
russian_word: очный цвет
definition: a small European plant of the primrose family, with creeping stems and flat five-petalled flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪmpənɛl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪmpənɛl
origin:
late Middle English (denoting the great burnet and the salad burnet): from Old French pimpernelle, based on Latin piper ‘pepper’ (because of the resemblance of the burnet's fruit to a peppercorn).


word: PIMPING
russian_word: жалкий
example: vice crimes like drug trafficking and pimping
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪmpɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪmpɪŋ
definition:
the action or practice of controlling prostitutes and arranging clients for them, taking part of their earnings in return.


word: PIMPLE
russian_word: прыщ
example: he had a pimple at the corner of his mouth
definition: a small hard inflamed spot on the skin.
origin: Middle English: related to Old English piplian ‘break out in pustules’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪmp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪmp(ə)l
synonyms:
spot|pustule|blackhead|boil|swelling|eruption|carbuncle|wen|cyst|abscess|blister|acne|plook|whitehead|zit|comedo|papule|bleb|blain|whelk


word: PIN
russian_word: штифт
example: a three-pin plug|she was very nimble on her pins
synonyms: tack|safety pin|nail|staple|skewer|spike|brad|fastener
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪn
phonetics_text: pɪn
definition:
a thin piece of metal with a sharp point at one end and a round head at the other, used for fastening pieces of cloth, paper, etc.|a metal projection from a plug or an integrated circuit which makes an electrical connection with a socket or another part of a circuit.|a stick with a flag placed in a hole to mark its position.|a skittle in bowling.|a person's legs.|an attack on a piece or pawn which is thereby pinned.|a half-firkin cask for beer.

origin:
late Old English pinn, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch pin ‘pin, peg’, from Latin pinna ‘point, tip, edge’.


word: PINAFORE
russian_word: передник
definition: a collarless sleeveless dress worn over a blouse or jumper.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnəfɔː
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnəfɔː
origin:
late 18th century: from pin + afore (because the term originally denoted an apron with a bib pinned on the front of a dress).


word: PINBALL
russian_word: пинбол
example: games of pinball
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnbɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnbɔːl
definition:
a game in which small metal balls are shot across a sloping board and score points by striking various targets.


word: PINCER
russian_word: зажимать клещами
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from Old French pincier ‘to pinch’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnsə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnsə
definition:
a tool made of two pieces of metal with blunt concave jaws that are arranged like the blades of scissors, used for gripping and pulling things.|a hinged and sharply pointed organ used by an arthropod for feeding or defence, as the mandibles of an insect, or each of the chelae of a crab, lobster, or scorpion.


word: PINCH
russian_word: ущипнуть
synonyms: nip|tweak|squeeze|compress|grasp
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from an Old Northern French variant of Old French pincier ‘to pinch’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɪn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: pɪn(t)ʃ
example:
she pinched his cheek|to explore in more detail just pinch the screen|he pinched a handful of sweets|if I scraped and pinched a bit, I might manage

definition:
grip (something, typically a person's flesh) tightly and sharply between finger and thumb.|move one's finger and thumb apart or bring them together on (a touchscreen) in order to zoom into or out of an image, activate a function, etc.|steal or take without permission.|live in a frugal way.|sail (a boat) so close to the wind that the sails begin to lose power.


word: PINCHED
russian_word: ущипнул
example: her pinched, sallow face
definition: tense and pale from cold, worry, or hunger.|suffering from financial hardship.
antonyms: healthy|glowing|chubby
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪntʃt
phonetics_text: pɪntʃt
synonyms:
strained|stressed|fraught|tense|taut|tired|worn|drained|sapped|wan|peaky|pale|pallid|pasty|pasty-faced|colourless|anaemic|washed out|ashen|ashen-faced|grey|blanched|thin|drawn|haggard|gaunt|wizened|cadaverous|hollow-cheeked|hollow-eyed|emaciated


word: PINCUSHION
russian_word: подушечка для булавок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnkʊʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnkʊʃ(ə)n
definition:
a small pad for holding pins.|a form of optical distortion in which straight lines along the edge of a screen or a lens bulge towards the centre.|an African shrub or tree related to the proteas, with rounded flower heads that resemble pincushions.


word: PIN DOWN
russian_word: сковывать
example: the government's ideology is bafflingly difficult to pin down
definition:
force someone to be specific and make their intentions clear.|restrict the actions or movement of an enemy by firing at them.|define or identify something precisely.

synonyms:
make someone commit themselves|constrain|force|compel|pressure|put pressure on|pressurize|tie down|nail down


word: PINE
russian_word: сосна
origin: Old English, from Latin pinus, reinforced in Middle English by Old French pin .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪn
phonetics_text: pʌɪn
definition:
an evergreen coniferous tree which has clusters of long needle-shaped leaves. Many kinds are grown for the soft timber, which is widely used for furniture and pulp, or for tar and turpentine.|a pineapple.


word: PINEAL
russian_word: шишковидный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnɪəl|ˈpʌɪnɪəl
definition:
a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone-like substance in some mammals.

origin:
late 17th century: from French pinéal, from Latin pinea ‘pine cone’. The anatomical term refers to the shape of the gland.


word: PINEAPPLE
russian_word: ананас
example: roughly chop the pineapples and apricots
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪnap(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪnap(ə)l
definition:
a large juicy tropical fruit consisting of aromatic edible yellow flesh surrounded by a tough segmented skin and topped with a tuft of stiff leaves.|the widely cultivated tropical American plant that bears the pineapple. It is low-growing, with a spiral of spiny sword-shaped leaves on a thick stem.|a hand grenade.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a pine cone): from pine1 + apple. The word was applied to the fruit in the mid 17th century, because of its resemblance to a pine cone.


word: PINGER
russian_word: пингер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪŋə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪŋə
definition:
a device that transmits short high-pitched signals at brief intervals for purposes of detection, measurement, or identification.


word: PINGO
russian_word: пинго
origin: 1920s: from Inuit pinguq ‘nunatak’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪŋɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪŋɡəʊ
definition:
a dome-shaped mound consisting of a layer of soil over a large core of ice, occurring in permafrost areas.


word: PINGUIN
russian_word: Пингвин
origin: late 17th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪŋɡwɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɪŋɡwɪn
definition:
a large prickly plant related to the pineapple, native to tropical America and the Caribbean. Its fruit is edible but contains enzymes that can irritate the throat.


word: PINK
russian_word: розовый
example: bright pink lipstick|pink politicians|a boom in the pink economy
synonyms: rosy|rose|rose-coloured|rosé|pale red|salmon|salmon-pink|shell-pink|flesh-coloured|flushed|blushing
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: pɪŋk
phonetics_text: pɪŋk
definition:
of a colour intermediate between red and white, as of coral or salmon.|having or showing left-wing tendencies.|of or associated with gay people.

origin:
mid 17th century: from pink2, the early use of the adjective being to describe the colour of the flowers of this plant.


word: PINKIE
russian_word: пинка
example: bring the thumb and pinkie up until they are upright
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪŋki
phonetics_text: ˈpɪŋki
definition:
the little finger.|a term used by black people for a white person.|the maggot of the greenbottle fly, used as fishing bait.|cheap or home-made wine.

origin:
early 19th century: pinkie (sense 1) partly from Dutch pinkje ‘the little finger’, reinforced by pink1.


word: PINNA
russian_word: ушная раковина
origin: late 18th century: modern Latin, from a variant of Latin penna ‘feather, wing, fin’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnə
definition:
the external part of the ear in humans and other mammals; the auricle.|a primary division of a pinnate leaf, especially of a fern.|any of a number of animal structures resembling fins or wings.


word: PINNACE
russian_word: катер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnɪs
definition:
a small boat, typically with sails and/or several oars, forming part of the equipment of a warship or other large vessel.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French pinace, probably based on Latin pinus ‘pine’ (see pine1); compare with Italian pinaccia and Spanish pinaza .


word: PINNACLE
russian_word: вершина
example: he had reached the pinnacle of his career
definition: the most successful point; the culmination.|a high, pointed piece of rock.
antonyms: nadir|trough
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin pinnaculum, diminutive of pinna ‘wing, point’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪnək(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnək(ə)l
synonyms:
highest level|peak|height|high point/spot|summit|top|climax|crowning point|peak of perfection|apex|vertex|zenith|apogee|ascendancy|upper limit|acme|meridian


word: PINNATE
russian_word: перистый
origin: early 18th century: from Latin pinnatus ‘feathered’, from pinna, penna (see pinna).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɪneɪt
definition:
(of a compound leaf) having leaflets arranged on either side of the stem, typically in pairs opposite each other.


word: PINNATIFID
russian_word: перистонадрезные
definition: (of a leaf) pinnately divided, but not all the way down to the central axis.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪˈneɪtɪfɪd
phonetics_text: pɪˈneɪtɪfɪd|pɪˈnatɪfɪd
origin:
mid 18th century: from modern Latin pinnatifidus, from Latin pinnatus ‘feathered’ + fid- ‘cleft’ (from the verb findere ).


word: PINNULE
russian_word: диоптр
definition: a secondary division of a pinnate leaf, especially of a fern.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnjuːl
origin:
late 16th century (denoting one of the sights of an astrolabe): from Latin pinnula ‘small wing’, diminutive of pinna .


word: PINOCHLE
russian_word: карточная игра, напоминающая безик
origin: mid 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːnɒk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpiːnɒk(ə)l
definition:
a North American card game for two or more players using a 48-card pack consisting of two of each card from nine to ace, the object being to score points for various combinations and to win tricks.


word: PINOT
russian_word: Пино
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːnəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːnəʊ
definition:
any of several varieties of wine grape, especially the chief varieties Pinot Noir, a black grape, and Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris, white grapes.

origin:
French, denoting a type of vine, variant of earlier Pineau, diminutive of pin ‘pine’ (because of the shape of the grape cluster).


word: PINT
russian_word: пинта
origin: late Middle English: from Old French pinte, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɪnt
phonetics_text: pʌɪnt
definition:
a unit of liquid or dry capacity equal to one eighth of a gallon, in Britain equal to 0.568 litre and in the US equal to 0.473 litre (for liquid measure) or 0.551 litre (for dry measure).


word: PINTLE
russian_word: штырь
definition: a pin or bolt on which a rudder or other part turns.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪnt(ə)l
origin:
Old English pintel  ‘penis’, perhaps a diminutive; compare with Dutch pint and German Pint ‘penis’, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: PINTO
russian_word: пегая лошадь
definition: piebald.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɪntəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪntəʊ
origin:
mid 19th century: from Spanish, literally ‘mottled’, based on Latin pictus, past participle of pingere ‘to paint’.


word: PIOLET
russian_word: ледоруб
definition: an ice pick.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pjəʊˈleɪ
phonetics_text: pjəʊˈleɪ
origin:
mid 19th century: from French dialect, literally ‘little pick’, diminutive of piolo ; related to pioche ‘pickaxe’.


word: PIONEER
russian_word: пионер
definition: a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
synonyms: settler|colonist|colonizer|frontiersman/frontierswoman|explorer|trailblazer|discoverer
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌɪəˈnɪə
phonetics_text: pʌɪəˈnɪə
origin:
early 16th century (as a military term denoting a member of the infantry): from French pionnier ‘foot soldier, pioneer’, Old French paonier, from paon, from Latin pedo, pedon- (see pawn1).


word: PIOUS
russian_word: благочестивый
example: a deeply pious woman
definition: devoutly religious.|(of a hope) sincere but unlikely to be fulfilled.
antonyms: impious|irreligious
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pius ‘dutiful, pious’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪəs
synonyms:
religious|devout|devoted|dedicated|reverent|God-fearing|churchgoing|spiritual|prayerful|holy|godly|saintly|faithful|dutiful|righteous


word: PIP
russian_word: Пип
example: it's a pip of a story
definition: a small hard seed in a fruit.|an excellent or very attractive person or thing.
synonyms: seed|stone|pit
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪp
phonetics_text: pɪp
origin:
late Middle English (denoting a variety of apple): abbreviation of pippin (the current sense dates from the late 18th century).


word: PIPE
russian_word: труба
example: a smell of pipe tobacco|the tone of a reed pipe|a fresh pipe of port
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌɪp
phonetics_text: pʌɪp
definition:
a tube used to convey water, gas, oil, or other fluid substances.|a device for smoking tobacco, consisting of a narrow tube made from wood, clay, etc. with a bowl at one end in which the tobacco is burned, the smoke from which is drawn into the mouth.|a wind instrument consisting of a single tube with holes along its length that are covered by the fingers to produce different notes.|a command which causes the output from one routine to be the input for another.|a cask for wine, especially as a measure equal to two hogsheads, usually equivalent to 105 gallons (about 477 litres).

synonyms:
tube|conduit|hose|main|duct|line|channel|canal|conveyor|pipeline|drain|tubing|piping|siphon|cylinder|fistula

origin:
Old English pīpe  ‘musical tube’, pīpian  ‘play a pipe’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch pijp and German Pfeife, based on Latin pipare ‘to peep, chirp’, reinforced in Middle English by Old French piper ‘to chirp, squeak’.


word: PIPEFISH
russian_word: морская игла
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪpfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪpfɪʃ
definition:
a narrow elongated chiefly marine fish with segmented bony armour beneath the skin and a long tubular snout. The male typically has a brood pouch in which the eggs develop.


word: PIPELINE
russian_word: трубопровод
synonyms: pipe|conduit|main|line|duct|channel|tube|conveyor
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌɪplʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪplʌɪn
definition:
a long pipe, typically underground, for conveying oil, gas, etc. over long distances.|a linear sequence of specialized modules used for pipelining.|the hollow formed by the breaking of a large wave.


word: PIPELINE
russian_word: трубопровод
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌɪplʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪplʌɪn
example:
oil and gas were pipelined to refineries in Toronto|chip designers pipeline the instructions given to the hardware

definition:
convey (a substance) by a pipeline.|design or execute (a computer or instruction) using the technique of pipelining.


word: PIPELINING
russian_word: конвейерная
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪplʌɪnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪplʌɪnɪŋ
definition:
the laying of pipelines.|a form of computer organization in which successive steps of an instruction sequence are executed in turn by a sequence of modules able to operate concurrently, so that another instruction can be begun before the previous one is finished.


word: PIPERAZINE
russian_word: пиперазин
origin: late 19th century: from piperidine + azine.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈpɛrəziːn
phonetics_text: pɪˈpɛrəziːn|pʌɪˈpɛrəziːn
definition:
a synthetic crystalline compound with basic properties, sometimes used as an anthelmintic and insecticide.


word: PIPETTE
russian_word: пипетка
origin: mid 19th century: from French, literally ‘little pipe’, diminutive of pipe .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪˈpɛt
phonetics_text: pɪˈpɛt
definition:
a slender tube attached to or incorporating a bulb, for transferring or measuring out small quantities of liquid, especially in a laboratory.


word: PIPING
russian_word: трубопровод
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌɪpɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪpɪŋ
definition:
lengths of pipe made of metal, plastic, or other materials.|thin lines of icing or cream, used to decorate cakes and desserts.|thin cord covered in fabric, used to decorate clothing or soft furnishings and reinforce seams.|the action or art of playing a pipe or pipes.|a cutting of a pink or similar plant taken at a joint.


word: PIPISTRELLE
russian_word: нетопырь
definition: a small insectivorous Old World bat with jerky, erratic flight.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɪpɪˈstrɛl
phonetics_text: ˌpɪpɪˈstrɛl|ˈpɪpɪstrɛl
origin:
late 18th century: from French, from Italian pipistrello, from Latin vespertilio(n- ) ‘bat’, from vesper ‘evening’.


word: PIPSQUEAK
russian_word: ничтожная личность
example: I was damned if a nineteen-year-old pipsqueak with spots was going to make me feel loathsome
definition: a person considered to be insignificant, especially because they are small or young.
antonyms: somebody
origin: early 20th century: symbolic and imitative.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪpskwiːk
phonetics_text: ˈpɪpskwiːk
synonyms:
insignificant person|nobody|nonentity|non-person|gnat|insect|cipher|pygmy|upstart|squirt|stripling|nerk|johnny|squit|whippersnapper|nyaff|bozo|picayune|pisher|snip|puppy|pup|dandiprat


word: PIQUANCY
russian_word: пикантность
example: the tangy soy dip gave them a slightly Asian piquancy
definition: a pleasantly sharp and appetizing flavour; spiciness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːk(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ˈpiːk(ə)nsi
synonyms:
spiciness|tang|spice|tastiness|savouriness|pungency|edge|sharpness|tartness|pepperiness|saltiness|bite|zest|zing|kick|punch|relish|interest|fascination|excitement|vigour|vitality|liveliness|spirit|colour|sparkle|raciness|provocativeness|pizzazz


word: PIQUANT
russian_word: пикантный
example: a piquant tartare sauce
definition: having a pleasantly sharp taste or appetizing flavour.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpiːk(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpiːk(ə)nt|ˈpiːkɒnt
synonyms:
spicy|tangy|spiced|peppery|hot|tasty|flavoursome|flavourful|appetizing|highly seasoned|savoury|pungent|sharp|tart|zesty|strong|salty|sapid|flavorous

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘severe, bitter’): from French, literally ‘stinging, pricking’, present participle of piquer .


word: PIQUE
russian_word: пике
example: he left in a fit of pique
definition: a feeling of irritation or resentment resulting from a slight, especially to one's pride.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: piːk
phonetics_text: piːk
synonyms:
irritation|annoyance|resentment|anger|displeasure|indignation|temper|bad temper|wounded/hurt pride|wounded/hurt feelings|petulance|ill humour|peevishness|offence|umbrage|vexation|exasperation|disgruntlement|discontent|discontentment

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting animosity between two or more people): from French piquer ‘prick, irritate’.


word: PIQUET
russian_word: пикет
origin: mid 17th century: from French, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːkeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpiːkeɪ|pɪˈkɛt
definition:
a trick-taking card game for two players, using a 32-card pack consisting of the seven to the ace only.


word: PIRACY
russian_word: пиратство
example: software piracy
synonyms: robbery at sea|freebooting|buccaneering
origin: mid 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek pirateia, from peiratēs (see pirate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrəsi
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrəsi
definition:
the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea.|the unauthorized use or reproduction of another's work.


word: PIRANHA
russian_word: пиранья
origin: mid 18th century: via Portuguese from Tupi pirá ‘fish’ + sainha ‘tooth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈrɑːnə
phonetics_text: pɪˈrɑːnə|pɪˈrɑːnjə
definition:
a deep-bodied South American freshwater fish that typically lives in shoals and has very sharp teeth that are used to tear flesh from prey. It has a reputation as a fearsome predator.


word: PIRATE
russian_word: пират
example: in the three weeks leading up to the attack, sixteen container ships had been boarded by pirates
definition: a person who attacks and robs ships at sea.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrət
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrət
synonyms:
freebooter|marauder|raider|buccaneer|privateer|corsair|rover|sea rover|picaroon|filibuster|sea thief|sea robber|water thief|sea wolf|sea rat|water rat|marooner

origin:
Middle English: from Latin pirata, from Greek peiratēs, from peirein ‘to attempt, attack’ (from peira ‘an attempt’).


word: PIRATED
russian_word: пиратское
example: anybody with a laptop and an internet connection can access pirated movies and music
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌɪrətɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪrətɪd
definition:
(of a product or piece of artistic work) reproduced without permission, usually in contravention of patent or copyright.


word: PIROGUE
russian_word: пирога
origin: early 17th century: from French, probably from Carib.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈrəʊɡ
phonetics_text: pɪˈrəʊɡ
definition:
a long, narrow canoe made from a single tree trunk, especially in Central America and the Caribbean.


word: PIROUETTE
russian_word: пируэт
synonyms: spin|twirl|whirl|turn|gyration|revolution
origin: mid 17th century: from French, literally ‘spinning top’, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌpɪrʊˈɛt
phonetics_text: ˌpɪrʊˈɛt
definition:
an act of spinning on one foot, typically with the raised foot touching the knee of the supporting leg.


word: PISCATORIAL
russian_word: рыбацкий
definition: of or concerning fishermen or fishing.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɪskəˈtɔːrɪəl
phonetics_text: ˌpɪskəˈtɔːrɪəl
origin:
early 19th century: from Latin piscatorius ‘relating to fishing’ (from piscator ‘fisherman’, from piscis ‘fish’) + -al.


word: PISCINA
russian_word: умывальница
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈsiːnə
phonetics_text: pɪˈsiːnə|pɪˈsʌɪnə
definition:
a stone basin near the altar in Catholic and pre-Reformation churches for draining water used in the Mass.|(in ancient Roman architecture) a pool or pond for bathing or swimming.

origin:
late 16th century (in piscina (sense 2)): from Latin, literally ‘fish pond’, from piscis ‘fish’; piscina (sense 1) was found in medieval Latin.


word: PISIFORM
russian_word: гороховидный
origin: mid 18th century: from modern Latin pisiformis ‘pea-shaped’, from pisum ‘pea’ + forma ‘shape’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɪsɪfɔːm
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɪsɪfɔːm|ˈpɪzɪsɪfɔːm
definition:
a small rounded carpal bone situated where the palm of the hand meets the outer edge of the wrist and articulating with the triquetral.


word: PISS
russian_word: ссать
definition: urinate.
origin: Middle English: from Old French pisser, probably of imitative origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pɪs
phonetics_text: pɪs
synonyms:
pee|wee|piddle|widdle|wee-wee|Jimmy (Riddle)|slash|wazz|pass water|go to the toilet|go to the lavatory|relieve oneself|wet one's bed/pants|wet oneself|cock/lift its leg|go|do it|have/take a leak|shake hands with an old friend|answer the call of nature|pee oneself|pee one's pants|have a piddle|have a widdle|tinkle|have a tinkle|go to the loo|have a wee|have a Jimmy (Riddle)|have a slash|have a wazz|spend a penny|whiz|take a whiz|micturate|have a piss


word: PISTACHIO
russian_word: фисташка
example: pistachio ice cream
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈstɑːʃɪəʊ
phonetics_text: pɪˈstɑːʃɪəʊ|pɪˈstatʃəʊ
definition:
the edible pale green seed of an Asian tree.|the evergreen tree which produces the pistachio, with small brownish-green flowers and oval reddish fruit. It is widely cultivated, especially around the Mediterranean and in the US.

origin:
late Middle English pistace, from Old French, superseded in the 16th century by forms from Italian pistaccio, via Latin from Greek pistakion, from Old Persian.


word: PISTOL
russian_word: пистолет
example: when we first met, he was a pistol, full of ideals and a natural leader
definition: a small firearm designed to be held in one hand.|a very energetic or enterprising person.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪst(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪst(ə)l
synonyms:
revolver|gun|handgun|side arm|automatic pistol|six-shooter|thirty-eight|derringer|Browning automatic|gat|piece|shooting iron|Saturday night special|rod|roscoe|Colt|Webley|Luger

origin:
mid 16th century: from obsolete French pistole, from German Pistole, from Czech pišt'ala, of which the original meaning was ‘whistle’, hence ‘a firearm’ by the resemblance in shape.


word: PISTOLE
russian_word: пистоль
definition: any of various gold coins used in Europe or Scotland in the 17th and 18th centuries.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪˈstəʊl
phonetics_text: pɪˈstəʊl
origin:
late 16th century: from French, abbreviation of pistolet, in the same sense, of uncertain ultimate origin.


word: PISTON
russian_word: поршень
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪst(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɪst(ə)n
definition:
a disc or short cylinder fitting closely within a tube in which it moves up and down against a liquid or gas, used in an internal combustion engine to derive motion, or in a pump to impart motion.

origin:
early 18th century: from French, from Italian pistone, variant of pestone ‘large pestle’, augmentative of pestello ‘pestle’.


word: PIT
russian_word: яма
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪt
phonetics_text: pɪt
example:
he had a flat tyre when he came into the pits|pooled commodity funds liquidated positions in the corn and soybean pits|a bear pit

definition:
a large hole in the ground.|a hollow or indentation in a surface.|an area at the side of a track where racing cars are serviced and refuelled.|an orchestra pit.|a part of the floor of a stock exchange in which a particular stock or commodity is traded.|an enclosure in which animals are made to fight.|a person's bed.|a person's armpit.

synonyms:
hole|ditch|trench|trough|hollow|shaft|mineshaft|excavation|cavity|pothole|rut|abyss|chasm|gulf|crater

origin:
Old English pytt, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch put and German Pfütze, based on Latin puteus ‘well, shaft’.


word: PITCH
russian_word: шаг
synonyms: tone|timbre|sound|key|tonality|modulation|frequency
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪtʃ
phonetics_text: pɪtʃ
example:
her voice rose steadily in pitch|the media furore reached such a pitch that the company withdrew the product|a football pitch|he put over a very strong sales pitch|the traders had already reserved their pitches|the pitch and roll of the ship

definition:
the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.|the steepness of a slope, especially of a roof.|a level of the intensity of something, especially a high level.|an area of ground marked out or used for play in an outdoor team game.|a delivery of the ball by the pitcher.|a form of words used when trying to persuade someone to buy or accept something.|a place where a street vendor or performer stations themselves or sets up a stall.|a swaying or oscillation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of motion.|the distance between successive corresponding points or lines, for example between the teeth of a cogwheel.

origin:
Middle English (as a verb in the senses ‘thrust (something pointed) into the ground’ and ‘fall headlong’): perhaps related to Old English picung ‘stigmata’, of unknown ultimate origin. The sense development is obscure.


word: PITCH-BLACK
russian_word: черный как смоль
example: the pitch-black night
definition: completely dark.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɪtʃˈblak
phonetics_text: pɪtʃˈblak
synonyms:
black|dark|pitch dark|black as pitch|inky|pitchy|starless|moonless|unilluminated|unlighted|jet black|coal black|jet|ebony|raven|sooty|sable|Stygian|Cimmerian


word: PITCHFORK
russian_word: вилы
definition: a farm tool with a long handle and two sharp metal prongs, used for lifting hay.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪtʃfɔːk
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtʃfɔːk
origin:
late Middle English: from earlier pickfork, influenced by the verb pitch1 (because the tool is used for ‘pitching’ or throwing sheaves on to a stack).


word: PITCHOUT
russian_word: питчаут
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪtʃaʊt
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtʃaʊt
definition:
a pitch thrown intentionally beyond the reach of the batter to allow the catcher a clear throw at an advancing base runner.|a lateral pass, especially from the quarterback to a running back.


word: PITEOUS
russian_word: жалобный
example: a piteous cry
definition: deserving or arousing pity.
origin: Middle English: from Old French piteus, from Latin pietas ‘piety, pity’ (see piety).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪtɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtɪəs
synonyms:
sad|pitiful|to be pitied|pitiable|pathetic|distressing|heart-rending|heartbreaking|moving|affecting|touching|plaintive|poignant|forlorn|poor|wretched|abject|miserable|tragic|lamentable|grievous|distressful


word: PITH
russian_word: сердцевина
origin: Old English pitha, of West Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɪθ
phonetics_text: pɪθ
example:
a book that he believed contained the pith of all his work|he writes with a combination of pith and exactitude

definition:
the spongy white tissue lining the rind of oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits.|the essence of something.|vigour and conciseness of expression.

synonyms:
essence|essential part|main point|fundamental point|heart|substance|heart of the matter|nub|core|quintessence|point|crux|gist|salient point|focal point|nucleus|meat|kernel|marrow|burden|nitty-gritty


word: PITHY
russian_word: содержательный
example: his characteristically pithy comments
definition: (of a fruit or plant) containing much pith.|(of language or style) terse and vigorously expressive.
antonyms: verbose|long-winded
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪθi
phonetics_text: ˈpɪθi
synonyms:
succinct|terse|concise|compact|short|short and sweet|brief|condensed|compendious|to the point|summary|epigrammatic|crisp|laconic|pointed|thumbnail|significant|meaningful|expressive|incisive|forceful|telling|trenchant|finely honed|aphoristic|sententious


word: PITIFUL
russian_word: жалкий
example: two children in a very pitiful state|a pitiful attempt to impress her
definition: deserving or arousing pity.|very small or poor; inadequate.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪtɪfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtɪfʊl|ˈpɪtɪf(ə)l
synonyms:
distressing|sad|piteous|to be pitied|pitiable|pathetic|disturbing|heart-rending|heartbreaking|saddening|moving|affecting|touching|tear-jerking|plaintive|poignant|forlorn|poor|sorry|wretched|abject|miserable|tragic|woeful|lamentable|grievous|distressful


word: PITILESS
russian_word: безжалостный
example: a pitiless executioner
definition: showing no pity; cruel.
antonyms: merciful|compassionate|kind
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪtɪləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtɪləs
synonyms:
merciless|ruthless|cruel|heartless|relentless|remorseless|hard-hearted|hard|stony-hearted|stony|with a heart of stone|cold-blooded|cold-hearted|harsh|callous|severe|unmerciful|unrelenting|unsparing|unforgiving|unfeeling|uncaring|unsympathetic|uncharitable|lacking compassion|unbending|unmoved|inflexible|inexorable|implacable|unpitying|unremitting|brutal|inhuman|inhumane|barbarous|barbaric|savage|sadistic|inclement


word: PITTANCE
russian_word: жалкие гроши
example: he paid his workers a pittance
origin: Middle English: from Old French pitance, from medieval Latin pitantia, from Latin pietas ‘pity’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpɪt(ə)ns
definition:
a very small or inadequate amount of money.|a pious bequest to a religious house or order to provide extra food and wine at particular festivals, or on the anniversary of the benefactor's death.

synonyms:
a very small amount|a tiny amount|an insufficient amount|next to nothing|very little|peanuts|chicken feed|slave wages|a shoestring|chump change


word: PITTED
russian_word: изрытый
example: his jowled and pitted face|pitted black olives
definition: having a hollow or indentation on the surface.|(of a fruit) having had the stone removed.
antonyms: smooth
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtɪd
synonyms:
pockmarked|pocked|scarred|blemished|marked|pocky|potholed|rutted|rutty|holey|bumpy|rough|uneven|eaten away|dented|indented


word: PITTER-PATTER
russian_word: барабанить
example: the soft pitter-patter of the rain on the leaves
definition: a sound like that of quick light steps or taps.
origin: late Middle English: reduplication (expressing rhythmic repetition) of the verb patter1.
part_of_speech: noun|adverb|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪtəpatə
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtəpatə
synonyms:
patter|tapping|pattering|drumming|drumbeat|clatter|beat|beating|tattoo|pounding|throb|pulsation|rat-a-tat|pit-a-pat|clack|click-clack|clacketing|thrum|thrumming


word: PITTOSPORUM
russian_word: питтоспорум
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɪtəˈspɔːrəm
phonetics_text: ˌpɪtəˈspɔːrəm
definition:
an evergreen shrub or small tree that typically has small fragrant flowers and is chiefly native to Australasia.

origin:
modern Latin, from Greek pitta ‘pitch’ (because of the resinous pulp around the seeds) + sporos ‘seed’.


word: PITUITARY
russian_word: гипофиз
origin: early 17th century: from Latin pituitarius ‘secreting phlegm’, from pituita ‘phlegm’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pɪˈtjuːɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: pɪˈtjuːɪt(ə)ri
definition:
the major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.


word: PITY
russian_word: жалость
example: her voice was full of pity|it's a pity you didn't contact us first
antonyms: indifference|cruelty
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪti
phonetics_text: ˈpɪti
definition:
the feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering and misfortunes of others.|a cause for regret or disappointment.

synonyms:
compassion|commiseration|condolence|sorrow|regret|sadness|distress|sympathy|fellow feeling|understanding|feeling|emotion|ruth|rue

origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘clemency, mildness’): from Old French pite ‘compassion’, from Latin pietas ‘piety’; compare with piety.


word: PITYING
russian_word: испытывающий жалость
example: he gave her a pitying look
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪtɪɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɪtɪɪŋ
definition:
feeling or showing sorrow for someone's misfortunes, often with an implication of disdain or mild contempt.


word: PIVOT
russian_word: стержень
definition: the central point, pin, or shaft on which a mechanism turns or oscillates.
synonyms: central shaft|fulcrum|axis|axle|swivel|pin|hub|spindle|hinge|pintle|kingpin|gudgeon|trunnion
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɪvət
phonetics_text: ˈpɪvət
origin:
late Middle English: from French, probably from the root of dialect pue ‘tooth of a comb’ and Spanish pu(y)a ‘point’. The verb dates from the mid 19th century.


word: PIVOTAL
russian_word: основной
example: Japan's pivotal role in the world economy|a sliding or pivotal motion
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪvətl
phonetics_text: ˈpɪvətl
definition:
of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.|fixed on or as if on a pivot.

synonyms:
central|crucial|vital|critical|focal|essential|key|significant|important|determining|decisive|deciding


word: PIXIE
russian_word: эльф
example: do you think she should grow out her hair or keep her pixie?
synonyms: elf|fairy|sprite|imp|brownie|puck|leprechaun|hobgoblin|peri|faerie|fay|nix|nixie|elfin|hob
origin: mid 17th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪksi
phonetics_text: ˈpɪksi
definition:
a supernatural being in folklore and children's stories, typically portrayed as small and humanlike in form, with pointed ears and a pointed hat.|short for pixie cut.


word: PIXILATED
russian_word: пьяный
definition: bewildered; confused.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɪksɪleɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɪksɪleɪtɪd
origin:
mid 19th century: variant of pixie-led, literally ‘led astray by pixies’, figuratively ‘confused’, or from pixie, on the pattern of words such as elated and emulated .


word: PIXILATION
russian_word: пикселизации
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɪksɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɪksɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a technique used in film whereby the movements of real people are filmed or edited in such a way that they appear to move like artificial animations.|the state of being pixilated.|variant spelling of pixelation (see pixelate).


word: PIZZA
russian_word: пицца
example: a cheese and tomato pizza
origin: Italian, literally ‘pie’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpiːtsə
phonetics_text: ˈpiːtsə|ˈpɪtsə
definition:
a dish of Italian origin, consisting of a flat round base of dough baked with a topping of tomatoes and cheese, typically with added meat, fish, or vegetables.


word: PIZZICATO
russian_word: пиццикато
origin: Italian, literally ‘pinched, twitched’, past participle of pizzicare, based on pizza ‘point, edge’.
part_of_speech: adverb|adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpɪtsɪˈkɑːtəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌpɪtsɪˈkɑːtəʊ
definition:
(often as a direction) plucking the strings of a violin or other stringed instrument with one's finger.


word: PIZZLE
russian_word: половой член животного
definition: the penis of an animal, especially a bull.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɪz(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɪz(ə)l
origin:
late 15th century: from Low German pēsel or Flemish pezel (diminutives of Middle Low German pēse and Middle Dutch pēze ).


word: PLACABLE
russian_word: благодушный
example: he was placable in his animosities and affectionate in his family
definition: easily calmed; gentle and forgiving.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplakəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈplakəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘pleasing, agreeable’): from Old French, or from Latin placabilis, from placare ‘appease’.


word: PLACARD
russian_word: плакат
synonyms: notice|poster|public notice|sign|bill|sticker|advertisement|banner|affiche|ad|advert
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈplakɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈplakɑːd
definition:
a printed or handwritten notice or sign for public display, either fixed to a wall or carried during a demonstration.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting a warrant or licence): from Old French placquart, from plaquier ‘to plaster, lay flat’, from Middle Dutch placken . The current sense of the verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: PLACATE
russian_word: умиротворять
example: they attempted to placate the students with promises
definition: make (someone) less angry or hostile.
antonyms: provoke|anger
origin: late 17th century: from Latin placat- ‘appeased’, from the verb placare .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pləˈkeɪt
phonetics_text: pləˈkeɪt|ˈplakeɪt|ˈpleɪkeɪt
synonyms:
pacify|calm|calm down|appease|mollify|soothe|win over|quiet|conciliate|propitiate|make peace with|humour|pour oil on troubled waters|quieten (down)|square someone off


word: PLACATORY
russian_word: задабривающий
example: his hands held in a placatory gesture
definition: intended to make someone less angry or hostile; conciliatory.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pləˈkeɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: pləˈkeɪt(ə)ri
synonyms:
conciliatory|pacifying|appeasing|calming|mollifying|propitiatory|peacemaking|peacebuilding|pacificatory|placative|propitiative|irenic


word: PLACE
russian_word: место
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pleɪs
phonetics_text: pleɪs
example:
I can't be in two places at once|they hurried to their places at the table|his score left him in ninth place|the lecture theatre is in New Burlington Place

definition:
a particular position, point, or area in space; a location.|a portion of space designated or available for or being used by someone.|a position in a sequence or series, typically one ordered on the basis of merit.|a square or short street.

synonyms:
location|site|spot|scene|setting|position|point|situation|area|region|whereabouts|locale|venue|locus|town|city|village|hamlet|country|state|locality|district|neighbourhood|quarter|section|clime

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from an alteration of Latin platea ‘open space’, from Greek plateia (hodos) ‘broad (way)’.


word: PLACEBO
russian_word: плацебо
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pləˈsiːbəʊ
phonetics_text: pləˈsiːbəʊ
definition:
a medicine or procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit to the patient rather than for any physiological effect.

origin:
late 18th century: from Latin, literally ‘I shall be acceptable or pleasing’, from placere ‘to please’.


word: PLACEHOLDER
russian_word: заполнитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪshəʊldə
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪshəʊldə
definition:
a significant zero in the decimal representation of a number.|an element of a sentence that is required by syntactic constraints but carries little or no semantic information, for example the word it as a subject in it is a pity that she left, where the true subject is that she left.


word: PLACEMAN
russian_word: чиновник
example: he vetoed the appointment of a Labour councillor in favour of his Tory placeman
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪsman
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪsman
definition:
a person appointed to a position, especially in government service, for personal profit and as a reward for political support.


word: PLACEMENT
russian_word: размещение
example: the proper placement of microphones
definition: the action of placing someone or something somewhere.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪsmənt
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪsmənt
synonyms:
positioning|placing|putting in place|arrangement|position|arranging|deployment|location|disposition|disposal|emplacement|installation|install|stationing


word: PLACENTA
russian_word: плацента
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pləˈsɛntə
phonetics_text: pləˈsɛntə
definition:
a flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord.|(in flowers) part of the ovary wall to which the ovules are attached.

origin:
late 17th century: from Latin, from Greek plakous, plakount- ‘flat cake’, based on plax, plak- ‘flat plate’.


word: PLACER
russian_word: россыпь
example: placer gold deposits
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪsə
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪsə
definition:
a deposit of sand or gravel in the bed of a river or lake, containing particles of valuable minerals.

origin:
early 19th century: from Latin American Spanish, literally ‘deposit, shoal’; related to placel ‘sandbank’, from plaza ‘a place’.


word: PLACID
russian_word: спокойный
example: a placid, contented man
definition: not easily upset or excited.
antonyms: excitable|temperamental
origin: early 17th century: from French placide, from Latin placidus, from placere ‘to please’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplasɪd
phonetics_text: ˈplasɪd
synonyms:
even-tempered|calm|equable|tranquil|imperturbable|unexcitable|peaceable|peaceful|serene|mild|gentle|quiet|cool|cool-headed|collected|and collected|composed|self-possessed|poised|easy-going|temperate|level-headed|steady|unruffled|unmoved|undisturbed|unperturbed|unemotional|phlegmatic|stolid|bovine|unflappable|nonplussed|equanimous


word: PLACING
russian_word: размещение
example: the placing of the lights|the final placings saw them three points ahead
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪsɪŋ
definition:
the action of putting something in position or the fact of being positioned.|a ranking one is given during or after a sports race or other competition.|a post that is found for a job-seeker.|a sale or new issue of a large quantity of shares.


word: PLACKET
russian_word: карман в юбке
example: a vest top with button fastening placket
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplakɪt
phonetics_text: ˈplakɪt
definition:
an opening or slit in a garment, covering fastenings or for access to a pocket, or the flap of fabric under such an opening.

origin:
early 17th century: variant of placard in an obsolete sense ‘garment worn under an open coat or gown’.


word: PLACOID
russian_word: плакоидные
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek plax, plak- ‘flat plate’ + -oid.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplakɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈplakɔɪd
definition:
(of fish scales) toothlike, being made of dentine with a pointed backward projection of enamel, as in sharks and rays.


word: PLAGAL
russian_word: плагальный
definition: (of a church mode) containing notes between the dominant and the note an octave higher.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpleɪɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪɡ(ə)l
origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin plagalis, from plaga ‘plagal mode’, from Latin plagius, from medieval Greek plagios (hēkhos) ‘plagal (mode)’, from Greek plagos ‘side’.


word: PLAGIARISM
russian_word: плагиат
example: there were accusations of plagiarism
definition: the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.
synonyms: copying|infringement of copyright|piracy|theft|stealing|poaching|appropriation|cribbing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪdʒərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪdʒərɪz(ə)m
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin plagiarius ‘kidnapper’ (from plagium ‘a kidnapping’, from Greek plagion ) + -ism.


word: PLAGIARIZE
russian_word: заниматься плагиатом
example: he was fined $6,000 for having plagiarized the song
definition: take (the work or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as one's own.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpleɪdʒərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪdʒərʌɪz
synonyms:
copy|pass off as one's own|infringe the copyright of|pirate|steal|poach|borrow|appropriate|rip off|lift|crib|pinch|nick


word: PLAGIOCLASE
russian_word: плагиоклаз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪdʒɪə(ʊ)kleɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪdʒɪə(ʊ)kleɪz|ˈplaɡɪəʊkleɪz
definition:
a form of feldspar consisting of aluminosilicates of sodium and/or calcium, common in igneous rocks and typically white.

origin:
mid 19th century: from plagio- ‘oblique’ + Greek klasis ‘cleavage’ (because originally characterized as having two cleavages at an oblique angle).


word: PLAGUE
russian_word: чума
example: a plague of locusts|staff theft is usually the plague of restaurants
synonyms: huge number|infestation|epidemic|invasion|influx|swarm|multitude|host
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pleɪɡ
phonetics_text: pleɪɡ
definition:
a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes ( bubonic plague ) and sometimes infection of the lungs ( pneumonic plague ).|an unusually large number of insects or animals infesting a place and causing damage.|a thing causing trouble or irritation.

origin:
late Middle English: Latin plaga ‘stroke, wound’, probably from Greek (Doric dialect) plaga, from a base meaning ‘strike’.


word: PLAIN
russian_word: равнина
antonyms: fancy|elaborate
origin: Middle English: from Old French plain, from Latin planus, from a base meaning ‘flat’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: pleɪn
phonetics_text: pleɪn
example:
good plain food|a plain, honest man with no nonsense about him|the advantages were plain to see|a plain, round-faced woman|the main problem is just plain exhaustion

definition:
not decorated or elaborate; simple or basic in character.|having no pretensions; not remarkable or special.|easy to perceive or understand; clear.|(of a person) not beautiful or attractive.|sheer; simple (used for emphasis).|denoting or relating to a type of knitting stitch produced by putting the needle through the front of each stitch from left to right.

synonyms:
simple|ordinary|unadorned|undecorated|unembellished|unornamented|unpretentious|unostentatious|unfussy|homely|homespun|basic|modest|unsophisticated|penny plain|without frills|stark|severe|spartan|austere|chaste|bare|uncluttered|restrained|muted|unpatterned|patternless|everyday|workaday


word: PLAINSMAN
russian_word: житель равнин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪnzmən
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪnzmən
definition:
a person who lives on a plain, especially a frontiersman who lived on the Great Plains of North America.


word: PLAINSONG
russian_word: грегорианский хорал
origin: late Middle English: translating Latin cantus planus .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪnsɒŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪnsɒŋ
definition:
unaccompanied church music sung in unison in medieval modes and in free rhythm corresponding to the accentuation of the words, which are taken from the liturgy.


word: PLAINT
russian_word: жалоба
example: it is a familiar plaint—no jobs for young researchers
definition: an accusation or charge.|a complaint or lamentation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pleɪnt
phonetics_text: pleɪnt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French plainte, feminine past participle of plaindre ‘complain’, or from Old French plaint, from Latin planctus ‘beating of the breast’.


word: PLAINTIFF
russian_word: истец
example: the plaintiff commenced an action for damages
definition: a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪntɪf
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪntɪf
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French plaintif ‘plaintive’ (used as a noun). The -f ending has come down through Law French; the word was originally the same as plaintive .


word: PLAINTIVE
russian_word: жалобный
example: a plaintive cry
definition: sounding sad and mournful.
origin: late Middle English: from Old French plaintif, -ive, from plainte ‘lamentation’ (see plaint).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpleɪntɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪntɪv
synonyms:
mournful|sad|wistful|doleful|pathetic|pitiful|piteous|melancholy|melancholic|sorrowful|unhappy|wretched|woeful|grief-stricken|broken-hearted|heartbroken|desolate|heart-rending|forlorn|woebegone|disconsolate|plangent|heartsick|dolorous


word: PLAIT
russian_word: коса
example: she wore her dark hair in plaits
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plat
phonetics_text: plat
definition:
a single length of hair, straw, rope, or other material made up of three or more interlaced strands.|archaic term for pleat.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pleit ‘a fold’, based on Latin plicare ‘to fold’. The word was formerly often pronounced like ‘plate’; since late Middle English there has been an alternative spelling plat, to which the current pronunciation corresponds.


word: PLAN
russian_word: план
example: the UN peace plan|I have no plans to retire|a street plan
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plan
phonetics_text: plan
definition:
a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.|an intention or decision about what one is going to do.|a detailed map or diagram.

synonyms:
scheme|plan of action|idea|master plan|game plan|proposal|proposition|ploy|suggestion|project|programme|system|method|procedure|strategy|stratagem|formula|recipe|scenario|arrangement|schedule|agenda|way|means|measure|tactic|tack|plot|device|manoeuvre|ruse|shift

origin:
late 17th century: from French, from earlier plant ‘ground plan, plane surface’, influenced in sense by Italian pianta ‘plan of building’. Compare with plant.


word: PLANARIAN
russian_word: планарии
origin: mid 19th century: from modern Latin Planaria (feminine of Latin planarius ‘lying flat’) + -ian.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pləˈnɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: pləˈnɛːrɪən
definition:
a free-living flatworm which has a three-branched intestine and a tubular pharynx, typically located halfway down the body.


word: PLANCHET
russian_word: вырубка
definition: a plain metal disc from which a coin is made.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplan(t)ʃɪt
phonetics_text: ˈplan(t)ʃɪt
origin:
early 17th century: diminutive of earlier planch  ‘slab of metal’, from Old French planche ‘plank, slab’.


word: PLANCHETTE
russian_word: планшетка
example: the planchette jerked and skittered to the upper left-hand corner of the paper
origin: mid 19th century: from French, literally ‘small plank’, diminutive of planche .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɑːnˈʃɛt
phonetics_text: plɑːnˈʃɛt
definition:
a small board supported on castors, typically heart-shaped and fitted with a vertical pencil, used for automatic writing and in seances.


word: PLANE
russian_word: самолет
example: the horizontal plane|everything is connected on the spiritual plane
synonyms: flat surface|level surface|the flat|horizontal
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: pleɪn
phonetics_text: pleɪn
definition:
a flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie.|a level of existence, thought, or development.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin planum ‘flat surface’, neuter of the adjective planus ‘plain’. The adjective was suggested by French plan(e ) ‘flat’. The word was introduced to differentiate the geometrical senses, previously expressed by plain1, from the latter's other meanings.


word: PLANET
russian_word: планета
definition: a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit round a star.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplanɪt
phonetics_text: ˈplanɪt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French planete, from late Latin planeta, planetes, from Greek planētēs ‘wanderer, planet’, from planan ‘wander’.


word: PLANETARIUM
russian_word: планетарий
origin: mid 18th century: modern Latin, from Latin planetarius ‘relating to the planets’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌplanɪˈtɛːrɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌplanɪˈtɛːrɪəm
definition:
a domed building in which images of stars, planets, and constellations are projected for public entertainment or education.|another term for orrery.


word: PLANETARY
russian_word: планетарный
example: a planetary system
definition: relating or belonging to a planet or planets.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplanɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈplanɪt(ə)ri
origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin planetarius ‘relating to the planets’ (recorded only as a noun meaning ‘astrologer’), from planeta ‘planet’.


word: PLANETESIMAL
russian_word: планетезималь
origin: early 20th century: from planet, on the pattern of infinitesimal .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌplanɪˈtɛsɪm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌplanɪˈtɛsɪm(ə)l
definition:
a minute planet; a body which could come together with many others under gravitation to form a planet.


word: PLANIMETER
russian_word: планиметр
definition: an instrument for mechanically measuring the area of a plane figure.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pləˈnɪmɪtə
phonetics_text: pləˈnɪmɪtə
origin:
mid 19th century: from French planimètre, from Latin planus ‘level’ + -mètre ‘(instrument) measuring’.


word: PLANISH
russian_word: накатывать
example: the smith knew just how much to planish the sheet
definition: flatten (sheet metal) with a smooth-faced hammer or between rollers.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈplanɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈplanɪʃ
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘make level’): from obsolete French planiss-, lengthened stem of planir ‘to smooth’, from plain ‘smooth, level’.


word: PLANISPHERE
russian_word: планисфера
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplanɪsfɪə
phonetics_text: ˈplanɪsfɪə
definition:
a map formed by the projection of a sphere or part of a sphere on a plane, especially an adjustable circular star map that shows the appearance of the heavens at a specific time and place.

origin:
late Middle English planisperie, from medieval Latin planisphaerium, from Latin planus ‘level’ + sphaera ‘sphere’; later influenced by French planisphère .


word: PLANK
russian_word: доска
synonyms: board|floorboard|beam|timber|stave|deal
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plaŋk
phonetics_text: plaŋk
example:
the central plank of the bill is the curb on industrial polluters|the session usually include a lot of core work, lunges, planks, and squats

definition:
a long, thin, flat piece of timber, used especially in building and flooring.|a fundamental point of a political or other programme.|a physical exercise designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles, in which one performs a press-up and holds the raised position for a set period of time.|a stupid person.

origin:
Middle English: from Old Northern French planke, from late Latin planca ‘board’, feminine (used as a noun) of plancus ‘flat-footed’.


word: PLANKTON
russian_word: планктон
example: prawns change their diet from plant plankton to animal plankton
origin: late 19th century: from German, from Greek planktos ‘wandering’, from the base of plazein ‘wander’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplaŋ(k)t(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈplaŋ(k)t(ə)n|ˈplaŋ(k)tɒn
definition:
the small and microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea or fresh water, consisting chiefly of diatoms, protozoans, small crustaceans, and the eggs and larval stages of larger animals. Many animals are adapted to feed on plankton, especially by filtering the water.


word: PLANNING
russian_word: планирование
example: mass production methods call for detailed planning
definition: the process of making plans for something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplanɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈplanɪŋ
synonyms:
preparation(s)|organization|arrangement|forethought|design|designing|drafting|working out|setting up|groundwork


word: PLANT
russian_word: завод
example: a giant car plant|we thought he was a CIA plant spreading disinformation
synonyms: herb|flower|vegetable|shrub|weed|greenery|flora|vegetation|undergrowth|herbage|verdure
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plɑːnt
phonetics_text: plɑːnt
definition:
a living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll.|a place where an industrial or manufacturing process takes place.|a person placed in a group as a spy or informer.|a shot in which the cue ball is made to strike one of two touching or nearly touching balls with the result that the second is potted.

origin:
Old English plante  ‘seedling’, plantian (verb), from Latin planta ‘sprout, cutting’ (later influenced by French plante ) and plantare ‘plant, fix in a place’.


word: PLANTAIN
russian_word: подорожник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplantɪn
phonetics_text: ˈplantɪn|ˈplanteɪn
definition:
a low-growing plant that typically has a rosette of leaves and a slender green flower spike, widely growing as a weed in lawns.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin plantago, plantagin-, from planta ‘sole of the foot’ (because of its broad prostrate leaves).


word: PLANTATION
russian_word: плантация
example: the Plantation of Ulster
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: plɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco are grown.|colonization or settlement of emigrants, especially of English and then Scottish families in Ireland in the 16th–17th centuries under government sponsorship.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action of planting seeds): from Latin plantatio(n- ), from the verb plantare ‘to plant’.


word: PLANTER
russian_word: плантатор
example: wealthy coffee planters|hanging baskets, tubs, and planters
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɑːntə
phonetics_text: ˈplɑːntə
definition:
a manager or owner of a plantation.|a decorative container in which plants are grown.|a machine or person that plants seeds, bulbs, etc.|(in Irish history) an English or Scottish settler on confiscated land during the 17th century.


word: PLANTIGRADE
russian_word: стопоходящий
definition: (of a mammal) walking on the soles of the feet, like a human or a bear.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplantɪɡreɪd
phonetics_text: ˈplantɪɡreɪd
origin:
mid 19th century: from French, from modern Latin plantigradus, from Latin planta ‘sole’ + -gradus ‘-walking’.


word: PLAQUE
russian_word: бляшка
example: plaque around gum margins can lead to gingivitis
synonyms: memorial tablet|plate|stone plate|metal plate|tablet|panel|sign|brass|medallion|plaquette|cartouche
origin: mid 19th century: from French, from Dutch plak ‘tablet’, from plakken ‘to stick’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plak
phonetics_text: plak|plɑːk
definition:
an ornamental tablet, typically of metal, porcelain, or wood, that is fixed to a wall or other surface in commemoration of a person or event.|a sticky deposit on teeth in which bacteria proliferate.|a small, distinct, typically raised patch or region on or within the body resulting from local damage or deposition of material, such as a fatty deposit on an artery wall in atherosclerosis or a site of localized damage of brain tissue in Alzheimer's disease.|a flat counter used in gambling.


word: PLASMA
russian_word: плазма
example: the current passed through a column of plasma
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplazmə
phonetics_text: ˈplazmə
definition:
the colourless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended.|an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge, typically at low pressures (as in the upper atmosphere and in fluorescent lamps) or at very high temperatures (as in stars and nuclear fusion reactors).|a bright green, translucent variety of quartz used in mosaic and for other decorative purposes.|another term for cytoplasm or protoplasm.

origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘mould, shape’): from late Latin, literally ‘mould’, from Greek plasma, from plassein ‘to shape’.


word: PLASMAPHERESIS
russian_word: плазмаферез
origin: 1920s: from plasma + Greek aphairesis ‘taking away’ (from apo- ‘from’ + hairein ‘take’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌplazməˈfɛrɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌplazməˈfɛrɪsɪs|ˌplazməfəˈriːsɪs
definition:
a method of removing blood plasma from the body by withdrawing blood, separating it into plasma and cells, and transfusing the cells back into the bloodstream. It is performed especially to remove antibodies in treating autoimmune conditions.


word: PLASMID
russian_word: плазмида
origin: 1950s: from plasma + -id2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplazmɪd
phonetics_text: ˈplazmɪd
definition:
a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan. Plasmids are much used in the laboratory manipulation of genes.


word: PLASMIN
russian_word: плазмин
origin: mid 19th century: from French plasmine, from late Latin plasma ‘mould, image’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplazmɪn
phonetics_text: ˈplazmɪn
definition:
an enzyme, formed in the blood in some circumstances, which destroys blood clots by attacking fibrin.


word: PLASMODIUM
russian_word: плазмодий
origin: late 19th century: modern Latin, based on late Latin plasma ‘mould, formation’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plazˈməʊdɪəm
phonetics_text: plazˈməʊdɪəm
definition:
a parasitic protozoan of a genus which includes those causing malaria.|a form within the life cycle of some simple organisms such as slime moulds, typically consisting of a mass of protoplasm containing many nuclei.


word: PLASMOLYSIS
russian_word: плазмолиз
definition: contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plazˈmɒlɪsɪs
phonetics_text: plazˈmɒlɪsɪs
origin:
late 19th century: modern Latin, from plasmo- from late Latin plasma ‘mould’ + Greek lusis ‘loosening’ (because of the separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall).


word: PLASTER
russian_word: штукатурка
example: strip away the plaster to expose the bare brick|waterproof plasters
synonyms: plasterwork|stucco|Artex|pargeting|parging
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈplɑːstə
phonetics_text: ˈplɑːstə
definition:
a soft mixture of sand and cement and sometimes lime with water, for spreading on walls, ceilings, or other structures, to form a smooth hard surface when dried.|an adhesive strip of material for covering cuts and wounds.

origin:
Old English, denoting a bandage spread with a curative substance, from medieval Latin plastrum (shortening of Latin emplastrum, from Greek emplastron ‘daub, salve’), later reinforced by the Old French noun plastre . Sense 1 dates from late Middle English.


word: PLASTERBOARD
russian_word: штукатурная плита
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɑːstəbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈplɑːstəbɔːd
definition:
board made of plaster set between two sheets of paper, used especially to form or line the inner walls of houses.


word: PLASTERWORK
russian_word: штукатурки
example: an Elizabethan house with superb ornamental plasterwork
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɑːstəwəːk
phonetics_text: ˈplɑːstəwəːk
definition:
plaster as part of the interior of a building, especially covering the surface of a wall or formed into decorative shapes and patterns.


word: PLASTIC
russian_word: пластик
example: mains pipes should be made of plastic or copper
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈplastɪk
phonetics_text: ˈplastɪk
definition:
a synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be moulded into shape while soft, and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘characteristic of moulding’): from French plastique or Latin plasticus, from Greek plastikos, from plassein ‘to mould’.


word: PLASTICITY
russian_word: пластичность
example: fine clay, at the right degree of plasticity, is more useful
synonyms: malleability|softness|pliancy|pliability|flexibility|suppleness|ductility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plaˈstɪsɪti
phonetics_text: plaˈstɪsɪti
definition:
the quality of being easily shaped or moulded.|the adaptability of an organism to changes in its environment or differences between its various habitats.


word: PLASTICIZED
russian_word: пластифицированный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplastɪsʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ˈplastɪsʌɪzd
example:
she directed that 1,000 kilometres of plasticized asphalt should be laid|the cover-ups in plasticized cotton are good for activities like painting|he called it a plasticized caricature of a real blog

definition:
made plastic or mouldable, especially by the addition of a plasticizer.|treated or coated with plastic.|artificial or inauthentic.


word: PLASTICIZER
russian_word: пластификатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplastɪsʌɪzə
phonetics_text: ˈplastɪsʌɪzə
definition:
a substance (typically a solvent) added to a synthetic resin to produce or promote plasticity and flexibility and to reduce brittleness.


word: PLASTIC SURGERY
russian_word: пластическая хирургия
example: he underwent plastic surgery after he was attacked by a dog
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: mid 19th century: from plastic in the sense of being possible to (re-)shape. Compare with -plasty.
definition:
the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons.


word: PLASTIQUE
russian_word: пластика
definition: plastic explosive.|statuesque poses or slow graceful movements in dancing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plaˈstiːk
phonetics_text: plaˈstiːk
origin:
late 19th century (in sense plastique (sense 2)): French, literally ‘plastic’ (adjective used as a noun).


word: PLASTISOL
russian_word: пластизол
origin: 1940s: from the noun plastic + sol2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplastɪsɒl
phonetics_text: ˈplastɪsɒl
definition:
a liquid substance which can be converted into a solid plastic simply by heating, consisting of particles of synthetic resin dispersed in a non-volatile liquid.


word: PLASTRON
russian_word: пластрон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplastrən
phonetics_text: ˈplastrən
definition:
a large pad worn by a fencer to protect the chest.|an ornamental front of a woman's bodice or shirt consisting of colourful material with lace or embroidery, fashionable in the late 19th century.|the underside part of a tortoise's or turtle's shell.

origin:
early 16th century: from French, from Italian piastrone, augmentative of piastra ‘breastplate’, from Latin emplastrum ‘a plaster’ (see plaster).


word: PLAT
russian_word: участок земли
example: they looked out over the plats of dark ground
definition: a plot of land.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plat
phonetics_text: plat
origin:
late Middle English: variant of the noun plot in the sense ‘piece of ground’. The current verb sense dates from the early 18th century.


word: PLATE
russian_word: плита
synonyms: dish|platter|bowl|salver|dinner plate|side plate|soup plate|ashet|trencher|charger|paten
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pleɪt
phonetics_text: pleɪt
example:
he pushed his empty plate to one side and sipped his wine|an exhibition of the plate belonging to the college|he underwent surgery to have a steel plate put into his leg|the fused bony plates protect the tortoise's soft parts|the Pacific Ocean plate|the correct alignment of the plates in four-colour printing

definition:
a flat dish, typically circular and made of china, from which food is eaten or served.|dishes, bowls, cups, and other utensils made of gold, silver, or other metal.|a thin, flat sheet or strip of metal or other material, typically one used to join or strengthen things or forming part of a machine.|a thin, flat organic structure or formation.|each of the several rigid pieces of the earth's lithosphere which together make up the earth's surface.|a sheet of metal, plastic, or other material bearing an image of type or illustrations from which multiple copies are printed.|a thin piece of plastic moulded to the shape of a person's mouth and gums, to which artificial teeth or another orthodontic appliance are attached.|a thin piece of metal that acts as an electrode in a capacitor, battery, or cell.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a flat, thin sheet, usually of metal): from Old French, from medieval Latin plata ‘plate armour’, based on Greek platus ‘flat’. plate (sense 1 of the noun) represents Old French plat ‘platter, large dish’, also ‘dish of meat’, noun use of Old French plat ‘flat’.


word: PLATEAU
russian_word: плато
example: the peace process had reached a plateau
synonyms: upland|tableland|elevated plain|mesa|highland|table
origin: late 18th century: from French, from Old French platel, diminutive of plat ‘level’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈplatəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈplatəʊ
definition:
an area of fairly level high ground.|a state of little or no change following a period of activity or progress.


word: PLATELET
russian_word: тромбоцит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪtlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪtlɪt
definition:
a small colourless disc-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.


word: PLATEN
russian_word: валик
origin: late 16th century: from French platine ‘flat piece’ from plat ‘flat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplat(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈplat(ə)n
definition:
the plate in a small letterpress printing press which presses the paper against the type.|the cylindrical roller in a typewriter against which the paper is held.


word: PLATFORM
russian_word: платформа
synonyms: policy|programme|party line|manifesto|plan|plan of action|principles|tenets|objectives|aims
origin: mid 16th century: from French plateforme ‘ground plan’, literally ‘flat shape’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplatfɔːm
phonetics_text: ˈplatfɔːm
example:
there are viewing platforms where visitors may gape at the chasm|seeking election on a platform of low taxes|a pair of chunky platforms

definition:
a raised level surface on which people or things can stand.|the declared policy of a political party or group.|a shoe with very thick soles.


word: PLATING
russian_word: обшивка
example: the pendants are enhanced by gold plating|the tractors carried steel plating for protection
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪtɪŋ
definition:
a thin coating of gold, silver, or other metal.|an outer covering of flat metal sections.|the process of knitting two yarns together so that each yarn appears mainly on one side of the finished piece.|the racing of horses in which the prize for the winner is a plate.


word: PLATINOID
russian_word: платиноид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplatɪnɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈplatɪnɔɪd
definition:
an alloy of copper with zinc, nickel, and sometimes tungsten, used for its high electrical resistance.


word: PLATINUM
russian_word: платина
origin: early 19th century: alteration of earlier platina, from Spanish, diminutive of plata ‘silver’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplatɪnəm
phonetics_text: ˈplatɪnəm
definition:
a precious silvery-white metal, the chemical element of atomic number 78. It was first encountered by the Spanish in South America in the 16th century, and is used in jewellery, electrical contacts, laboratory equipment, and industrial catalysts.


word: PLATITUDE
russian_word: пошлость
example: he masks his disdain for her with platitudes about how she should believe in herself more
synonyms: cliché|truism|commonplace|banality|old chestnut|bromide|inanity|tag
origin: early 19th century: from French, from plat ‘flat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplatɪtjuːd
phonetics_text: ˈplatɪtjuːd
definition:
a remark or statement, especially one with a moral content, that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful.


word: PLATITUDINIZE
russian_word: говорить банальности
definition: speak or write in platitudes.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: platɪˈtjuːdɪnʌɪz
phonetics_text: platɪˈtjuːdɪnʌɪz
example:
the documentarian kills time by letting each of the band members platitudinize blandly about the folk musician


word: PLATITUDINOUS
russian_word: банальный
example: this may sound platitudinous
definition: (of a remark or statement) used too often to be interesting or thoughtful; hackneyed.
antonyms: original|fresh
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌplatɪˈtʃuːdɪnəs
phonetics_text: ˌplatɪˈtʃuːdɪnəs
synonyms:
hackneyed|overworked|overused|clichéd|banal|trite|commonplace|stock|stereotyped|stereotypical|set|well worn|stale|tired|vapid|inane|unimaginative|unoriginal|derivative|vieux jeu|dull|flat|conventional|corny|old hat|hacky|truistic|bromidic


word: PLATOON
russian_word: взвод
example: the platoon commander
synonyms: unit|patrol|troop|squad|team|squadron|company|group|corps|division|outfit|detachment|contingent
origin: mid 17th century: from French peloton ‘platoon’, literally ‘small ball’, diminutive of pelote .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pləˈtuːn
phonetics_text: pləˈtuːn
definition:
a subdivision of a company of soldiers, usually forming a tactical unit that is commanded by a subaltern or lieutenant and divided into three sections.


word: PLATTER
russian_word: блюдо
example: arrange the fruit on a serving platter
synonyms: plate|dish|serving plate|serving dish|salver|tray|ashet|charger|trencher|paten
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French plater, from plat ‘large dish’ (see plate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplatə
phonetics_text: ˈplatə
definition:
a large flat dish or plate for serving food.|the rotating metal disc forming the turntable of a record player.


word: PLATY
russian_word: крупносланцеватый
definition: a small live-bearing freshwater fish of Central America, which is popular in aquaria.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplati
phonetics_text: ˈplati
origin:
early 20th century: colloquial abbreviation of modern Latin Platypoecilus (former genus name), from Greek platus ‘broad’ + poikilos ‘variegated’.


word: PLATYPUS
russian_word: утконос
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplatɪpəs
phonetics_text: ˈplatɪpəs
definition:
a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal which frequents lakes and streams in eastern Australia. It has a sensitive pliable bill shaped like that of a duck, webbed feet with venomous spurs, and dense fur.

origin:
late 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek platupous ‘flat-footed’, from platus ‘flat’ + pous ‘foot’.


word: PLATYRRHINE
russian_word: широконосый
origin: mid 19th century: from platy- ‘flat’ + Greek rhis, rhin- ‘nose’ + -ine1.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈplatɪrʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈplatɪrʌɪn
definition:
relating to primates of a group that comprises the New World monkeys, marmosets, and tamarins. They are distinguished by having nostrils that are far apart and directed forwards or sideways, and typically have a prehensile tail.


word: PLAUDIT
russian_word: аплодисменты
example: the network has received plaudits for its sports coverage
definition: an expression of praise or approval.
antonyms: condemnation|criticism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɔːdɪt
phonetics_text: ˈplɔːdɪt
synonyms:
praise|acclaim|acclamation|commendation|congratulations|encomiums|approval|approbation|accolades|compliments|cheers|tributes|salutes|bouquets|a pat on the back|kudos|good press|applause|a round of applause|a standing ovation|a (big) hand|laudation

origin:
early 17th century: shortened from Latin plaudite ‘applaud!’ (said by Roman actors at the end of a play), imperative plural of plaudere .


word: PLAUSIBLE
russian_word: правдоподобный
example: a plausible explanation
definition: (of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.
antonyms: unlikely|improbable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplɔːzɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈplɔːzɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
credible|reasonable|believable|likely|feasible|probable|tenable|possible|conceivable|imaginable|convincing|persuasive|cogent|sound|rational|logical|acceptable|thinkable|smooth-talking|smooth-tongued|smooth|glib|specious|verisimilar|colourable

origin:
mid 16th century (also in the sense ‘deserving applause or approval’): from Latin plausibilis, from plaus- ‘applauded’, from the verb plaudere .


word: PLAY
russian_word: играть
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pleɪ
phonetics_text: pleɪ
example:
the children were playing by a pool|I play squash and badminton|he needs financial backing, but the building societies won't play|early in her career she played Ophelia|a man was playing a guitar|little beams of light played over the sea|no fisherman ever played a bonita more carefully or with greater wile

definition:
engage in activity for enjoyment and recreation rather than a serious or practical purpose.|take part in (a sport).|be cooperative.|represent (a character) in a theatrical performance or a film.|perform on (a musical instrument).|move lightly and quickly, so as to appear and disappear; flicker.|allow (a fish) to exhaust itself pulling against a line before reeling it in.

synonyms:
amuse oneself|entertain oneself|enjoy oneself|have fun|have a good time|relax|rest|be at leisure|occupy oneself|divert oneself|play games|frolic|frisk|gambol|romp|cavort|caper|mess about|mess around|lark (about)|lark (around)|sport|disport oneself

origin:
Old English pleg(i)an  ‘to exercise’, plega  ‘brisk movement’, related to Middle Dutch pleien ‘leap for joy, dance’.


word: PLAY ALONG
russian_word: поддакивать
example:
she had to play along and be polite|I could make harmonies by playing along with the tape|he'd play her along till she got fed up

definition:
pretend to cooperate.|perform a piece of music at the same time as it is playing on a recording.|deceive or mislead someone over a period of time.


word: PLAYBOY
russian_word: плейбой
example: he isn't the marrying type, he's just a playboy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪbɔɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪbɔɪ
definition:
a wealthy man who spends his time enjoying himself, especially one who behaves irresponsibly or has many casual sexual relationships.

synonyms:
socialite|pleasure seeker|sybarite|ladies' man|womanizer|philanderer|rake|roué|stud|player|playa|skirt-chaser|ladykiller|wolf|gay dog|saga boy

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘boy actor’): from play + boy. The current sense originated in the early 19th century in Irish English.


word: PLAY DOWN
russian_word: преуменьшать
example: he tried to play down the seriousness of his illness
definition: represent something as being less important than it in fact is.
antonyms: exaggerate
synonyms:
make light of|make little/nothing of|set little/no store by|gloss over|de-emphasize|underemphasize|downplay|understate|underplay|minimize|shrug off|soft-pedal|tone down|diminish|downgrade|trivialize|detract from|underrate|underestimate|undervalue|think little of|disparage|decry|deprecate|talk down|belittle|slight|scoff at|sneer at|pooh-pooh|derogate


word: PLAYER
russian_word: игрок
definition: a person taking part in a sport or game.|a person who plays a musical instrument.|an actor.
synonyms: participant|contestant|competitor|contender|team member|sportsman|sportswoman|sportsperson|athlete
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪə
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪə
example:
a tennis player|a guitar player|there are moments of tenderness beautifully expressed by the players


word: PLAYFUL
russian_word: игривый
example: a playful tomboy who loves to dress up
definition: fond of games and amusement; light-hearted.
antonyms: solemn|serious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpleɪfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪfʊl|ˈpleɪf(ə)l
synonyms:
frisky|jolly|fun-loving|lively|full of fun|high-spirited|spirited|in high spirits|exuberant|perky|skittish|coltish|kittenish|mischievous|impish|devilish|puckish|roguish|rascally|tricksy|prankish|full of beans|frolicky|gay|frolicsome|gamesome|sportive|ludic|light-hearted|in fun|in jest|joking|jokey|teasing|humorous|jocular|jesting|good-natured|tongue-in-cheek|facetious|frivolous|flippant|arch|waggish|flirtatious|whimsical|jocose


word: PLAYGROUP
russian_word: прогулочная группа
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪɡruːp
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪɡruːp
definition:
a regular meeting of a group of preschool children at a particular place, organized by parents for their children to take part in supervised creative and social play.


word: PLAYING CARD
russian_word: игральная карта
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪɪŋ kɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪɪŋ kɑːd
definition:
each of a set of rectangular pieces of card having a sequence of numbers and symbols on one side, used to play various games, some involving gambling. A standard pack contains 52 cards divided into four suits.


word: PLAYLIST
russian_word: плейлист
example: the station is confident that the new playlists will please listeners
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpleɪlɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪlɪst
definition:
a list of recorded songs or pieces of music chosen to be broadcast on a radio show or by a particular radio station.


word: PLAYMAKER
russian_word: плеймейкер
example: a midfield playmaker
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪmeɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪmeɪkə
definition:
a player in a team game who leads attacks or brings other players on the same side into a position from which they could score.


word: PLAYMATE
russian_word: друг детства
definition: a friend with whom a child plays.|used euphemistically to refer to a person's lover.
synonyms: friend|playfellow|companion|chum|pal|buddy|mate
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpleɪmeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpleɪmeɪt
example:
sometimes Valerie wished she had more playmates|her clients use this album of photos to pick their ideal playmate


word: PLAY OFF
russian_word: разыгрывать
example:
the runners-up will play off against each other|detectives employ more than one informant so as to play one off against the other

definition:
(of two teams or competitors) play an extra game or match to decide a draw or tie.|bring two people into conflict or competition for one's own advantage.


word: PLAY ON
russian_word: играть
example: he played on his opponent's nerves
definition: exploit a weak or vulnerable point in someone.
synonyms:
exploit|take advantage of|use|make use of|turn to (one's) account|profit by|capitalize on|impose on|trade on|milk|abuse|misuse|walk all over


word: PLAY UP
russian_word: сбрасывать с лошади
example:
the mystery surrounding his death was played up by the media|I hadn't had much sleep—the kids had been playing up|the captain told his team to play up

definition:
emphasize or exaggerate the extent or importance of something.|(of a child) misbehave.|put all one's energy into a game.

synonyms:
emphasize|put/lay emphasis on|accentuate|bring/draw/call attention to|focus attention on|point up|underline|underscore|highlight|spotlight|foreground|feature|give prominence to|bring to the fore|heighten|stress|accent


word: PLAZA
russian_word: площадь
definition: a public square, marketplace, or similar open space in a built-up area.|a shopping centre.
origin: late 17th century: from Spanish, literally ‘place’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɑːzə
phonetics_text: ˈplɑːzə
example:
the plaza is lively in the evenings when the pavement cafes are full|they bought fancy bridal wear at the plaza


word: PLEA
russian_word: мольба
example: he made a dramatic plea for disarmament|he changed his plea to not guilty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pliː
phonetics_text: pliː
definition:
a request made in an urgent and emotional manner.|a formal statement by or on behalf of a defendant or prisoner, stating guilt or innocence in response to a charge, offering an allegation of fact, or claiming that a point of law should apply.

synonyms:
appeal|entreaty|supplication|petition|prayer|request|call|solicitation|invocation|suit|imploration|adjuration

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘lawsuit’): from Old French plait, plaid ‘agreement, discussion’, from Latin placitum ‘a decree’, neuter past participle of placere ‘to please’.


word: PLEACHED
russian_word: сплетать
example: an avenue of pleached limes
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pliːtʃt
phonetics_text: pliːtʃt
definition:
denoting or consisting of branches that are entwined or interlaced to form a hedge or provide cover for an outdoor walkway.


word: PLEAD
russian_word: умолять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pliːd
phonetics_text: pliːd
example:
she pleaded with them not to gag the boy|the idea that in public relations work someone is paid to plead a special case is disliked

definition:
make an emotional appeal.|present and argue for (a position), especially in court or in another public context.

synonyms:
beg|entreat|beseech|implore|appeal to|petition|supplicate|importune|pray to|request|ask earnestly|call on|adjure|apply to|solicit|obsecrate

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘to wrangle’): from Old French plaidier ‘go to law’, from plaid ‘discussion’ (see plea).


word: PLEADING
russian_word: умоляя
example: he ignored her pleading|counsel for the plaintiffs wanted to amend the pleadings
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpliːdɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpliːdɪŋ
definition:
the action of making an emotional or earnest appeal to someone.|a formal statement of the cause of an action or defence.


word: PLEASANT
russian_word: приятный
example: a very pleasant evening
definition: giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplɛz(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈplɛz(ə)nt
synonyms:
enjoyable|pleasing|pleasurable|nice|agreeable|satisfying|gratifying|welcome|good|acceptable|to one's liking|entertaining|amusing|diverting|delightful|charming|inviting|attractive|beautiful|fine|balmy|salubrious|bonny|couthy|lovely|great|neat|lekker|mooi

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘pleasing’): from Old French plaisant ‘pleasing’, from the verb plaisir (see please).


word: PLEASANTRY
russian_word: шутка
example: after an exchange of pleasantries, I proceeded to outline a plan
definition: an inconsequential remark made as part of a polite conversation.
origin: late 16th century: from French plaisanterie, from Old French plaisant ‘pleasing’ (see pleasant).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛz(ə)ntri
phonetics_text: ˈplɛz(ə)ntri
synonyms:
banter|badinage|inconsequential remark|friendly/good-natured remark|polite remark|casual remark|josh


word: PLEASE
russian_word: пожалуйста
origin: Middle English: from Old French plaisir ‘to please’, from Latin placere .
part_of_speech: verb|adverb
phonetic: pliːz
phonetics_text: pliːz
example:
he arranged a fishing trip to please his son|this is the first time in ages that I can just please myself

definition:
cause to feel happy and satisfied.|take only one's own wishes into consideration in deciding how to act or proceed.

synonyms:
nice|agreeable|pleasant|pleasurable|satisfying|gratifying|welcome|good|acceptable|to one's liking|enjoyable|entertaining|amusing|delightful|fine|lovely


word: PLEASED
russian_word: довольный
example: a pleased smile
definition: feeling or showing pleasure and satisfaction, especially at an event or a situation.
antonyms: unhappy|dissatisfied
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pliːzd
phonetics_text: pliːzd
synonyms:
happy|glad|delighted|gratified|grateful|thankful|content|contented|satisfied|well pleased|thrilled|elated|as pleased as Punch|overjoyed|cock-a-hoop|like a dog with two tails|like a child with a new toy|over the moon|tickled pink|on cloud nine/seven|chuffed|made up|wrapped|gruntled|complacent|smug


word: PLEASURABLE
russian_word: приятный
example: I arrived in a mood of pleasurable anticipation
definition: pleasing; enjoyable.
antonyms: disagreeable|unpleasant
origin: late 16th century: from pleasure, on the pattern of comfortable .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplɛʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈplɛʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
pleasant|enjoyable|delightful|nice|pleasing|agreeable|to one's liking|congenial|gratifying|fun|entertaining|amusing|diverting|lovely|great|wonderful|lekker|mooi


word: PLEASURE
russian_word: удовольствие
example: she smiled with pleasure at being praised
definition: a feeling of happy satisfaction and enjoyment.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈplɛʒə
phonetics_text: ˈplɛʒə
synonyms:
happiness|delight|joy|gladness|rapture|glee|satisfaction|gratification|fulfilment|contentment|contentedness|enjoyment|amusement|delectation

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French plaisir ‘to please’ (used as a noun). The second syllable was altered under the influence of abstract nouns ending in -ure, such as measure .


word: PLEAT
russian_word: складка
synonyms: fold|tuck|crease|gather|pucker|crimp|plication
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pliːt
phonetics_text: pliːt
definition:
a double or multiple fold in a garment or other item made of cloth, held by stitching the top or side.

origin:
late Middle English: a variant of plait. The written form of the word became obsolete between c.  1700 and the end of the 19th century.


word: PLEB
russian_word: плебей
definition: an ordinary person, especially one from the lower social classes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɛb
phonetics_text: plɛb
origin:
mid 17th century: originally as plural plebs, from Latin plebs ‘the common people’. Later a shortened form of plebeian.


word: PLEBISCITE
russian_word: плебисцит
example: the administration will hold a plebiscite for the approval of constitutional reforms
synonyms: vote|referendum|ballot|poll
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛbɪsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈplɛbɪsʌɪt|ˈplɛbɪsɪt
definition:
the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution.

origin:
mid 16th century (referring to Roman history): from French plébiscite, from Latin plebiscitum, from plebs, pleb- ‘the common people’ + scitum ‘decree’ (from sciscere ‘vote for’). The sense ‘direct vote of the whole electorate’ dates from the mid 19th century.


word: PLECTRUM
russian_word: медиатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛktrəm
phonetics_text: ˈplɛktrəm
definition:
a thin flat piece of plastic, tortoiseshell, or other slightly flexible material held by or worn on the fingers and used to pluck the strings of a musical instrument such as a guitar.

origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek plēktron ‘something with which to strike’, from plēssein ‘to strike’.


word: PLEDGE
russian_word: залог
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plɛdʒ
phonetics_text: plɛdʒ
example:
the conference ended with a joint pledge to limit pollution|he had given the object as a pledge to a creditor

definition:
a solemn promise or undertaking.|a thing that is given as security for the fulfilment of a contract or the payment of a debt and is liable to forfeiture in the event of failure.|the drinking of a person's health; a toast.

synonyms:
promise|undertaking|vow|word|word of honour|commitment|assurance|oath|covenant|bond|agreement|guarantee|warrant

origin:
Middle English (denoting a person acting as surety for another): from Old French plege, from medieval Latin plebium, perhaps related to the Germanic base of plight2.


word: PLEDGOR
russian_word: залогодатель
example: legal title to the collateral remains with the pledgor
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɛdʒˈɔː
phonetics_text: plɛdʒˈɔː
definition:
a person who deposits something as security for the fulfilment of a contract or the payment of a debt.


word: PLENARY
russian_word: пленарный
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin plenarius ‘complete’, from plenus ‘full’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpliːnəri
phonetics_text: ˈpliːnəri
example:
crusaders were offered a plenary indulgence by the Pope|a plenary session of the European Parliament

definition:
unqualified; absolute.|(of a meeting) to be attended by all participants at a conference or assembly, who otherwise meet in smaller groups.

synonyms:
unconditional|unlimited|unrestricted|unqualified|absolute|complete|sweeping|comprehensive|plenipotentiary


word: PLENIPOTENTIARY
russian_word: полномочный
synonyms: diplomat|representative|ambassador|minister|emissary|chargé d'affaires|chargé|envoy|legation|legate
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin plenipotentiarius, from plenus ‘full’ + potentia ‘power’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌplɛnɪpəˈtɛnʃ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌplɛnɪpəˈtɛnʃ(ə)ri
definition:
a person, especially a diplomat, invested with the full power of independent action on behalf of their government, typically in a foreign country.


word: PLENITUDE
russian_word: полнота
example: an ancient Celtic god thought to bring a plenitude of wealth or food
definition: an abundance.
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin plenitudo, from plenus ‘full’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛnɪtjuːd
phonetics_text: ˈplɛnɪtjuːd
synonyms:
abundance|lot|large number|wealth|profusion|quantity|cornucopia|plethora|superabundance|load|heap|mass|stack|ton|shedload|slew|swag


word: PLENTEOUS
russian_word: обильный
example: the meal was astonishingly plenteous
definition: plentiful.
antonyms: scarce|meagre
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplɛntɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈplɛntɪəs
synonyms:
plentiful|abundant|copious|ample|profuse|rich|lavish|liberal|generous|bountiful|large|huge|great|bumper|flush|overflowing|superabundant|infinite|inexhaustible|opulent|prolific|teeming|a gogo|galore|lank|bounteous

origin:
Middle English: from Old French plentivous, from plentif, -ive, from plente ‘plenty’. Compare with bounteous.


word: PLENTIFUL
russian_word: многочисленны
example: coal is cheap and plentiful
definition: existing in or yielding great quantities; abundant.
antonyms: scarce|meagre
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplɛntɪfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈplɛntɪfʊl|ˈplɛntɪf(ə)l
synonyms:
abundant|copious|ample|profuse|rich|lavish|liberal|generous|bountiful|large|huge|great|bumper|flush|overflowing|superabundant|infinite|inexhaustible|opulent|prolific|teeming|a gogo|galore|lank|bounteous|plenteous|be abundant|abound|be numerous|exist in abundance|proliferate|be thick on the ground|grow on trees|be two/ten a penny


word: PLENTY
russian_word: много
example: I would have plenty of time to get home before my parents arrived
definition: a large or sufficient amount or quantity; more than enough.
part_of_speech: pronoun|noun|adverb
phonetic: ˈplɛnti
phonetics_text: ˈplɛnti
synonyms:
a lot of|many|a great deal of|a good deal of|a large number/amount of|a plethora of|quantities of|enough|more than enough|enough and to spare|no lack of|sufficient|a wealth of|a feast of|a cornucopia of|loads of|lots of|heaps of|bags of|stacks of|piles of|masses of|tons of|oodles of|oceans of|a raft of|a hatful of|lashings of|scads of|a slew of|gobs of|gazillions of|a swag of|a deal of|a mickle of|a peck of|a shitload of|shitloads of|assload

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘fullness, perfection’): from Old French plente, from Latin plenitas, from plenus ‘full’.


word: PLENUM
russian_word: пленум
origin: late 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘full space’, neuter of plenus ‘full’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpliːnəm
phonetics_text: ˈpliːnəm
example:
the bill will be presented for a preliminary reading at the plenum on Wednesday|so long as things move simultaneously into each other's places, motion is possible in a plenum

definition:
an assembly of all the members of a group or committee.|a space completely filled with matter, or the whole of space so regarded.


word: PLEOCHROIC
russian_word: плеохроирует
origin: mid 19th century: from pleo- ‘more’ + khrōs ‘colour’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpliːə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpliːə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊɪk
definition:
(of a crystal) absorbing different wavelengths of light differently depending on the direction of incidence of the rays or their plane of polarization, often resulting in the appearance of different colours according to the direction of view.


word: PLEOMORPHISM
russian_word: плеоморфизм
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + morphē ‘form’ + -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpliːə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˌpliːə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m
definition:
the occurrence of more than one distinct form of a natural object, such as a crystalline substance, a virus, the cells in a tumour, or an organism at different stages of the life cycle.


word: PLEONASM
russian_word: плеоназм
origin: mid 16th century: via late Latin from Greek pleonasmos, from pleonazein ‘be superfluous’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpliːə(ʊ)ˌnaz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpliːə(ʊ)ˌnaz(ə)m
definition:
the use of more words than are necessary to convey meaning (e.g. see with one's eyes ), either as a fault of style or for emphasis.


word: PLEROMA
russian_word: Плерома
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pləˈrəʊmə
phonetics_text: pləˈrəʊmə
definition:
(in Gnosticism) the spiritual universe as the abode of God and of the totality of the divine powers and emanations.|(in Christian theology) the totality or fullness of the Godhead which dwells in Christ.

origin:
mid 18th century: from Greek plērōma ‘that which fills’, from plēroun ‘make full’, from plērēs ‘full’.


word: PLESIOSAUR
russian_word: плезиозавр
origin: mid 19th century: from modern Latin Plesiosaurus, from Greek plēsios ‘near’ + sauros ‘lizard’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpliːsɪəsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈpliːsɪəsɔː|ˈpliːzɪəsɔː
definition:
a large fossil marine reptile of the Mesozoic era, with a broad flat body, large paddle-like limbs, and typically a long flexible neck and small head.


word: PLETHORA
russian_word: изобилие
example: a plethora of committees and subcommittees
definition: a large or excessive amount of something.|an excess of a bodily fluid, particularly blood.
antonyms: dearth|lack
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛθ(ə)rə
phonetics_text: ˈplɛθ(ə)rə
synonyms:
excess|abundance|overabundance|superfluity|surfeit|profusion|more than enough|too many|too much|enough and to spare|superabundance|surplus|glut|flood|torrent|deluge|embarrassment|nimiety

origin:
mid 16th century (in the medical sense): via late Latin from Greek plēthōrē, from plēthein ‘be full’.


word: PLETHYSMOGRAPH
russian_word: плетизмограф
origin: late 19th century: from Greek plēthusmos ‘enlargement’ (based on plēthus ‘fullness’) + -graph.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɪˈθɪzməɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: plɪˈθɪzməɡrɑːf
definition:
an instrument for recording and measuring variation in the volume of a part of the body, especially as caused by changes in blood pressure.


word: PLEURA
russian_word: плевра
origin: late Middle English: via medieval Latin from Greek, literally ‘side of the body, rib’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʊərə
phonetics_text: ˈplʊərə
definition:
each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals.|a lateral part in an animal body or structure.


word: PLEURISY
russian_word: плеврит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʊərɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈplʊərɪsi
definition:
inflammation of the pleurae, which impairs their lubricating function and causes pain when breathing. It is caused by pneumonia and other diseases of the chest or abdomen.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pleurisie, from late Latin pleurisis, alteration of earlier Latin pleuritis, from Greek pleura ‘side of the body, rib’.


word: PLEXOR
russian_word: молоточек для выстукивания
definition: a small hammer with a rubber head used to test reflexes and in medical percussion.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛksə
phonetics_text: ˈplɛksə
origin:
mid 19th century: formed irregularly from Greek plēxis ‘percussion’ (from plēssein ‘to strike’) + -or1.


word: PLEXUS
russian_word: сплетение
definition: a network of nerves or vessels in the body.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɛksəs
phonetics_text: ˈplɛksəs
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘plaited formation’, past participle of plectere ‘to plait’.


word: PLIABILITY
russian_word: уступчивость
example: an excellent combination of strength, pliability, and elasticity
definition: the quality of being easily bent; flexibility.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌplʌɪəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ˌplʌɪəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
flexibility|pliancy|elasticity|whippiness|suppleness|malleability|plasticity|springiness|ductility|bendability


word: PLIABLE
russian_word: гибкий
example: quality leather is pliable and will not crack|pliable teenage minds
definition: easily bent; flexible.|easily influenced.
antonyms: rigid
origin: late Middle English: from French, from plier ‘to bend’ (see ply1).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplʌɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈplʌɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
flexible|easily bent|bendable|pliant|elastic|supple|stretchable|malleable|workable|plastic|whippy|springy|limber|ductile|tensile|bendy|flexile


word: PLIANT
russian_word: податливый
example: pliant willow stems|a more pliant prime minister
definition: easily bent.|easily influenced or directed; yielding.
origin: Middle English: from French, literally ‘bending’, present participle of plier .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplʌɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈplʌɪənt
synonyms:
compliant|biddable|docile|tractable|yielding|malleable|manageable|governable|controllable|amenable|accommodating|susceptible|suggestible|easily influenced|influenceable|persuadable|manipulable|like putty in one's hands|responsive|receptive|persuasible|suasible|susceptive


word: PLICATION
russian_word: умножение
definition: a fold or corrugation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: plɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n|plʌɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin plicatio(n- ), from Latin plicare ‘to fold’.


word: PLIGHT
russian_word: положение
example: we must direct our efforts towards relieving the plight of children living in poverty
definition: a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plʌɪt
phonetics_text: plʌɪt
synonyms:
predicament|sorry condition|sad state|trouble|difficulty|mess|dire straits|extremity|bind|circumstances|situation|condition|case|state|dilemma|tight corner/spot|hole|pickle|jam|fix|scrape

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French plit ‘fold’. The -gh- spelling is by association with plight2.


word: PLINTH
russian_word: плинтус
example: busts of the King and Queen on marble plinths
definition: a heavy base supporting a statue or vase.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɪnθ
phonetics_text: plɪnθ
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin plinthus, from Greek plinthos ‘tile, brick, squared stone’. The Latin form was in early use in English.


word: PLIOCENE
russian_word: плиоцен
example: the coastline is formed by a soft Pliocene limestone
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + kainos ‘new’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈplʌɪə(ʊ)siːn
phonetics_text: ˈplʌɪə(ʊ)siːn
definition:
relating to or denoting the last epoch of the Tertiary period, between the Miocene and Pleistocene epochs.


word: PLIOSAUR
russian_word: плиозавр
definition: a plesiosaur with a short neck, large head, and massive toothed jaws.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌɪəsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈplʌɪəsɔː
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Pliosaurus (genus name), from Greek pleiōn ‘more’ + sauros ‘lizard’ (because of its greater similarity to a lizard than the ichthyosaur).


word: PLOSIVE
russian_word: взрывной
origin: late 19th century: shortening of explosive.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpləʊsɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpləʊsɪv|ˈpləʊsɪz
definition:
denoting a consonant that is produced by stopping the airflow using the lips, teeth, or palate, followed by a sudden release of air.


word: PLOT
russian_word: участок
example: the plot consists almost entirely of a man and woman falling in love|a vegetable plot
synonyms: conspiracy|intrigue|secret plan/scheme|stratagem|machinations|cabal|complot|covin
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plɒt
phonetics_text: plɒt
definition:
a plan made in secret by a group of people to do something illegal or harmful.|the main events of a play, novel, film, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence.|a small piece of ground marked out for a purpose such as building or gardening.|a graph showing the relation between two variables.

origin:
late Old English (in plot (sense 3 of the noun)), of unknown origin. The sense ‘secret plan’, dating from the late 16th century, is associated with Old French complot ‘dense crowd, secret project’, the same term being used occasionally in English from the mid 16th century Compare with plat1.


word: PLOTTER
russian_word: плоттер
example: the trial of alleged coup plotters|a GPS chart plotter
synonyms: conspirator|co-conspirator|schemer|intriguer|planner|machinator|conspirer|Machiavellian|cabalist
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplɒtə
phonetics_text: ˈplɒtə
definition:
someone who secretly makes plans to do something illegal or harmful; a conspirator.|a piece of equipment that marks out points on a chart.


word: PLOUGH
russian_word: плуг
example: poses such as the plough promote circulation and the drainage of blood from the legs
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plaʊ
phonetics_text: plaʊ
definition:
a large farming implement with one or more blades fixed in a frame, drawn over soil to turn it over and cut furrows in preparation for the planting of seeds.|a prominent formation of seven stars in the constellation Ursa Major (the Great Bear), containing the Pointers that indicate the direction to the Pole Star.|a yoga pose assumed by lying on one's back and swinging one's legs over one's head until the outstretched feet approach or touch the floor.

origin:
late Old English plōh, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch ploeg and German Pflug . The spelling plough became common in England in the 18th century; earlier (16th–17th centuries) the noun was normally spelled plough, the verb plow .


word: PLOUGHED
russian_word: вспаханный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: plaʊd
phonetics_text: plaʊd
example:
a ploughed field|we remained on the town's ploughed streets rather than venturing onto the country roads

definition:
(of an area of land) having had the earth turned up with a plough, especially before sowing.|(of a road) having been cleared of snow using a snowplough.


word: PLOVER
russian_word: ржанка
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, based on Latin pluvia ‘rain’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌvə
phonetics_text: ˈplʌvə
definition:
a short-billed gregarious wading bird, typically found by water but sometimes frequenting grassland, tundra, and mountains.


word: PLOY
russian_word: уловка
definition: a cunning plan or action designed to turn a situation to one's own advantage.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plɔɪ
phonetics_text: plɔɪ
synonyms:
ruse|tactic|move|device|stratagem|scheme|trick|gambit|cunning plan|manoeuvre|contrivance|expedient|dodge|subterfuge|game|wile|wheeze|shift

origin:
late 17th century (originally Scots and northern English in the sense ‘pastime’): of unknown origin. The notion of ‘a calculated plan’ dates from the 1950s.


word: PLUCK
russian_word: срывать
synonyms: remove|pick off|pick|pull|pull off/out|extract|take|take off
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: plʌk
phonetics_text: plʌk
example:
she plucked a blade of grass|the baby was plucked from a grim orphanage|she picked up her guitar and plucked it idly

definition:
take hold of (something) and quickly remove it from its place.|quickly or suddenly remove someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation.|sound (a musical instrument or its strings) with one's finger or a plectrum.

origin:
late Old English ploccian, pluccian, of Germanic origin; related to Flemish plokken ; probably from the base of Old French ( es)peluchier ‘to pluck’. Sense 1 of the noun is originally boxers' slang.


word: PLUCKY
russian_word: отважный
example: the plucky youngster has astounded medical staff
definition: having or showing determined courage in the face of difficulties.
antonyms: cowardly|timid|timorous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplʌki
phonetics_text: ˈplʌki
synonyms:
brave|courageous|bold|daring|fearless|intrepid|spirited|game|valiant|valorous|lionhearted|heroic|gallant|stout-hearted|stout|dauntless|resolute|determined|gritty|stalwart|undaunted|indomitable|unflinching|audacious|unafraid|doughty|mettlesome|gutsy|ballsy|spunky|have-a-go|feisty


word: PLUG
russian_word: вилка
synonyms: stopper|bung|cork|seal|spigot|spile|stopple
origin: early 17th century: from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German plugge, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: plʌɡ
phonetics_text: plʌɡ
example:
somewhere in the pipes there is a plug of ice blocking the flow|the cable is fitted with a two-pin plug|he threw in a plug, boasting that the restaurant offered many entrées for under £5|they sold chewing tobacco in bars and plugs

definition:
a piece of solid material fitting tightly into a hole and blocking it up.|a device for making an electrical connection between an appliance and the mains, consisting of an insulated casing with metal pins that fit into holes in a socket.|a piece of publicity promoting a product, event, or establishment.|a piece of tobacco cut from a larger cake for chewing.|a lure with one or more hooks attached.|short for fireplug.|a tired or old horse.


word: PLUGBOARD
russian_word: коммутационная панель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plʌɡbɔːd
phonetics_text: plʌɡbɔːd
definition:
a board containing several sockets into which plugs may be inserted to interconnect electric circuits, phone lines, or computer components, by means of short lengths of wire.


word: PLUGHOLE
russian_word: штепсельное гнездо
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌɡhəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈplʌɡhəʊl
definition:
a hole at the lowest point of a bath, basin, or sink, down which waste water drains away and which can be stopped with a plug.


word: PLUM
russian_word: слива
example: a pure silk shirt in shades of cream and soft plum|he landed a plum assistant producer's job
synonyms: excellent|very good|wonderful|marvellous|choice|best|prize|first-class|great|terrific|cushy|plummy
origin: Old English plūme, from medieval Latin pruna, from Latin prunum (see prune1).
part_of_speech: noun|adverb
phonetic: plʌm
phonetics_text: plʌm
definition:
an oval fleshy fruit which is purple, reddish, or yellow when ripe and contains a flattish pointed stone.|the deciduous tree which bears plums.|a reddish-purple colour.|a thing, typically a job, considered to be highly desirable.


word: PLUMB
russian_word: отвес
definition: measure (the depth of a body of water).|test (an upright surface) to determine the vertical.
origin: Middle English (originally in the sense ‘sounding lead’): via Old French from Latin plumbum ‘lead’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adverb|adjective
phonetic: plʌm
phonetics_text: plʌm
example:
I plumbed the depth and found the bottom of the shelf to be seven metres down|they are valuable aids in plumbing the frames and keeping the side of the ship fair


word: PLUMBAGO
russian_word: графит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ
phonetics_text: plʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ
definition:
old-fashioned term for graphite.|an evergreen flowering shrub or climber which is widely distributed in warm regions and grown elsewhere as a greenhouse or indoor plant.


word: PLUMBER
russian_word: водопроводчик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌmə
phonetics_text: ˈplʌmə
definition:
a person who fits and repairs the pipes, fittings, and other apparatus of water supply, sanitation, or heating systems.

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a person dealing in and working with lead): from Old French plommier, from Latin plumbarius, from plumbum ‘lead’.


word: PLUMBING
russian_word: водопровод
example: you may be able to get a grant to install proper plumbing and bathrooms
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌmɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈplʌmɪŋ
definition:
the system of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other apparatus required for the water supply, heating, and sanitation in a building.


word: PLUME
russian_word: шлейф
example: a hat with a jaunty ostrich plume|as he spoke, the word was accompanied by a white plume of breath
synonyms: feather|crest|quill|plumule|pinion
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pluma ‘down’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pluːm
phonetics_text: pluːm
definition:
a long, soft feather or arrangement of feathers used by a bird for display or worn by a person for ornament.|a long cloud of smoke or vapour resembling a feather as it spreads from its point of origin.|a localized column of hotter magma rising by convection in the mantle, believed to cause volcanic activity in locations away from plate margins.


word: PLUMMET
russian_word: отвес
example: a climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully
definition: fall or drop straight down at high speed.
synonyms: plunge|fall headlong|hurtle|nosedive|dive|drop|crash|descend rapidly
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈplʌmɪt
phonetics_text: ˈplʌmɪt
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Old French plommet ‘small sounding lead’, diminutive of plomb ‘lead’. The current verb sense dates from the 1930s.


word: PLUMMY
russian_word: завидный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplʌmi
phonetics_text: ˈplʌmi
example:
cosy reds and plummy blues|a plummy voice rich with haughty disdain|there are some plummy roles for the taking here

definition:
resembling a plum.|(of a person's voice) having an accent thought typical of the English upper classes.|choice; highly desirable.

synonyms:
upper-class|refined|aristocratic|affected|Home Counties|fruity|grand|Kelvinside|Morningside|posh|Sloaney|larney


word: PLUMP
russian_word: пухлый
example: the berries were plump and sweet
definition: having a full rounded shape.
antonyms: thin|slender|skinny
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: plʌmp
phonetics_text: plʌmp
synonyms:
chubby|fat|stout|rotund|buxom|well upholstered|well covered|well padded|of ample proportions|ample|roly-poly|round|rounded|well rounded|full|fattish|dumpy|chunky|broad in the beam|portly|overweight|fleshy|paunchy|bulky|corpulent|tubby|pudgy|beefy|porky|blubbery|poddy|podgy|fubsy|lard-arsed|zaftig|corn-fed|pursy|abdominous

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘blunt, forthright’): related to Middle Dutch plomp, Middle Low German plump, plomp ‘blunt, obtuse, blockish’. The sense has become appreciative, perhaps by association with plum.


word: PLUMPNESS
russian_word: полнота
example: the plumpness of the peaches
definition: the quality of having a full rounded shape.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌmpnəs
phonetics_text: ˈplʌmpnəs
synonyms:
fat|fatness|chubbiness|stoutness|dumpiness|portliness|fleshiness|corpulence|tubbiness|pudginess|porkiness|podginess|embonpoint


word: PLUM PUDDING
russian_word: пудинг с изюмом
definition: a rich boiled suet pudding containing raisins, currants, and spices.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic:
early 18th century: so named because the pudding was originally made with plums, the word plum being retained later to denote ‘raisin’, which became a substituted ingredient.


word: PLUMULE
russian_word: перышко
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpluːmjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈpluːmjuːl
definition:
the rudimentary shoot or stem of an embryo plant.|a bird's down feather, numbers of which form an insulating layer under the contour feathers.

origin:
early 18th century: from French plumule or Latin plumula ‘small feather’, diminutive of pluma ‘down’.


word: PLUNDER
russian_word: грабеж
example: looters moved into the disaster area to plunder shops
definition: steal goods from (a place or person), typically using force and in a time of war or civil disorder.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈplʌndə
phonetics_text: ˈplʌndə
synonyms:
pillage|loot|rob|raid|ransack|strip|fleece|ravage|lay waste|devastate|maraud|sack|rape|despoil|spoil|pirate|reave|depredate|spoliate|forage

origin:
mid 17th century: from German plündern, literally ‘rob of household goods’, from Middle High German plunder ‘household effects’. Early use of the verb was with reference to the Thirty Years War (reflecting German usage); on the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642, the word and activity were associated with the forces under Prince Rupert.


word: PLUNGE
russian_word: погружение
example: our little daughters whooped as they plunged into the sea|he plunged his hands into his pockets
definition: jump or dive quickly and energetically.|push or thrust quickly.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: plʌn(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: plʌn(d)ʒ
synonyms:
jump|dive|hurl oneself|throw oneself|fling oneself|launch oneself|catapult oneself|cast oneself|pitch oneself

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French plungier ‘thrust down’, based on Latin plumbum ‘lead, plummet’.


word: PLUNGER
russian_word: поршень
example: he is a plunger when it comes to spending money for news
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌn(d)ʒə
phonetics_text: ˈplʌn(d)ʒə
definition:
a part of a device or mechanism that works with a plunging or thrusting movement.|a person who gambles or spends money recklessly.


word: PLUNGING
russian_word: погружение
definition: falling steeply.|denoting a very low-cut neckline on a woman's garment.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈplʌn(d)ʒɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈplʌn(d)ʒɪŋ
example:
marvel at plunging waterfalls, hanging valleys, and secluded beaches|form-fitting dresses with plunging necklines


word: PLUNK
russian_word: шлепнуть
origin: early 19th century: probably imitative.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: plʌŋk
phonetics_text: plʌŋk
example:
I got a guitar when I was twelve and started plunking away on it|he plunked him in the back|she plunked her pack on top of the bar

definition:
play a keyboard or plucked stringed instrument in an inexpressive way.|hit (someone) abruptly.|set down heavily or abruptly.


word: PLUPERFECT
russian_word: предпрошедший
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pluːˈpəːfɪkt
phonetics_text: pluːˈpəːfɪkt
definition:
(of a tense) denoting an action completed prior to some past point of time specified or implied, formed in English by had and the past participle, as in he had gone by then.

origin:
late 15th century: from modern Latin plusperfectum, from Latin (tempus praeteritum) plus quam perfectum ‘(past tense) more than perfect’.


word: PLURAL
russian_word: множественное число
example: the first person plural|a plural society
origin: late Middle English: from Old French plurel or Latin pluralis, from plus, plur- ‘more’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈplʊər(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈplʊər(ə)l
definition:
(of a word or form) denoting more than one, or (in languages with dual number) more than two.|containing several diverse elements.


word: PLURALISM
russian_word: плюрализм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʊər(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈplʊər(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.|the practice of holding more than one ecclesiastical office at a time.


word: PLURALIST
russian_word: плюралист
example: religious pluralists|today many Anglican clergy in rural areas are technically pluralists
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈplʊər(ə)lɪst
phonetics_text: ˈplʊər(ə)lɪst
definition:
an advocate of a system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.|a member of the clergy who holds more than one ecclesiastical office at a time.


word: PLURALISTIC
russian_word: плюралистический
example: a multicultural pluralistic society where people's values are respected
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: plʊər(ə)ˈlɪstɪk
phonetics_text: plʊər(ə)ˈlɪstɪk
definition:
relating to or advocating a system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.


word: PLURALITY
russian_word: множество
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plʊəˈralɪti
phonetics_text: plʊəˈralɪti
example:
some languages add an extra syllable to mark plurality|he obtained dispensations to hold several benefices in plurality

definition:
the fact or state of being plural.|the number of votes cast for a candidate who receives more than any other but does not receive an absolute majority.|another term for pluralism (sense 2).

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pluralite, from late Latin pluralitas, from Latin pluralis ‘relating to more than one’ (see plural).


word: PLURALIZE
russian_word: образовывать множественное число
definition: cause to become more numerous.|give a plural form to (a word).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈplʊər(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈplʊər(ə)lʌɪz
example:
this approach can have advantages in terms of pluralizing and relativizing the student's perspectives|words sensed to be inherently plural were incorrectly pluralized


word: PLUSH
russian_word: плюш
example: plush upholstery
definition: a rich fabric of silk, cotton, wool, or a combination of these, with a long, soft nap.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: plʌʃ
phonetics_text: plʌʃ
origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete French pluche, contraction of peluche, from Old French peluchier ‘to pluck’, based on Latin pilus ‘hair’. The sense ‘luxurious’ dates from the 1920s.


word: PLUTOCRAT
russian_word: плутократ
example: champagne-swilling plutocrats
definition: a person whose power derives from their wealth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpluːtəkrat
phonetics_text: ˈpluːtəkrat
synonyms:
rich person|capitalist|tycoon|magnate|nabob|millionaire|billionaire|multimillionaire|nouveau riche|person of means|fat cat|moneybags|zillionaire|squillionaire|Midas|Croesus|Dives


word: PLUTONIC
russian_word: плутонический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pluːˈtɒnɪk
phonetics_text: pluːˈtɒnɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting igneous rock formed by solidification at considerable depth beneath the earth's surface.|relating to the underworld or the god Pluto.


word: PLUTONIUM
russian_word: плутоний
origin: 1940s: from Greek‘Pluto’, on the pattern of neptunium, being the next planet beyond Neptune.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pluːˈtəʊnɪəm
phonetics_text: pluːˈtəʊnɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 94, a dense silvery radioactive metal of the actinide series, used as a fuel in nuclear reactors and as an explosive in nuclear fission weapons. Plutonium only occurs in trace amounts in nature but is manufactured in nuclear reactors from uranium-238.


word: PLY
russian_word: слой
example: tiles that have a black PVC ply in the lamination
synonyms: layer|thickness|strand|sheet|leaf|fold|insertion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: plʌɪ
phonetics_text: plʌɪ
definition:
a thickness or layer of a folded or laminated material.|short for plywood.|(in game theory) the number of levels at which branching occurs in a tree of possible outcomes, typically corresponding to the number of moves ahead (in chess strictly half-moves ahead) considered by a computer program.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘fold’): from French pli ‘fold’, from the verb plier, from Latin plicare ‘to fold’.


word: PLYOMETRICS
russian_word: плиометрика
origin: 1970s: from Greek plio ‘more’ + metric1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌplʌɪə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪks
phonetics_text: ˌplʌɪə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪks
definition:
a form of exercise that involves rapid and repeated stretching and contracting of the muscles, designed to increase strength.


word: PLYWOOD
russian_word: фанера
example: plywood benches
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈplʌɪwʊd
phonetics_text: ˈplʌɪwʊd
definition:
a type of strong thin wooden board consisting of two or more layers glued and pressed together with the direction of the grain alternating.


word: PNEUMATIC
russian_word: пневматический
example: the machines with pneumatic loading are more efficient
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: njuːˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: njuːˈmatɪk
definition:
containing or operated by air or gas under pressure.|(chiefly in the context of New Testament theology) relating to the spirit.

origin:
early 17th century (in pneumatic (sense 2 of the adjective): from French pneumatique or Latin pneumaticus, from Greek pneumatikos, from pneuma ‘wind’, from pnein ‘breathe’.


word: PNEUMATOLOGY
russian_word: пневматология
origin: mid 17th century: from pneumato- + -logy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌnjuːməˈtɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌnjuːməˈtɒlədʒi
definition:
the branch of Christian theology concerned with the Holy Spirit.|the study of spirits or spiritual beings.


word: PNEUMATOPHORE
russian_word: пневматофора
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈnjuːmətəfɔː
phonetics_text: ˈnjuːmətəfɔː
definition:
the gas-filled float of some colonial coelenterates, such as the Portuguese man-of-war.|(in mangroves and other swamp plants) an aerial root specialized for gaseous exchange.


word: PNEUMOCONIOSIS
russian_word: пневмокониоз
origin: late 19th century: from pneumo- ‘relating to the lungs’ + Greek konis ‘dust’ + -osis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌnjuːmə(ʊ)kəʊnɪˈəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌnjuːmə(ʊ)kəʊnɪˈəʊsɪs
definition:
a disease of the lungs due to inhalation of dust, characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis.


word: PNEUMOCYSTIS
russian_word: пневмоцистная
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌnjuːmə(ʊ)ˈsɪstɪs
phonetics_text: ˌnjuːmə(ʊ)ˈsɪstɪs
definition:
a parasitic protozoan that can cause fatal pneumonia in people affected with immunodeficiency disease.


word: PNEUMONIA
russian_word: пневмония
origin: early 17th century: via Latin from Greek, from pneumōn ‘lung’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: njuːˈməʊnɪə
phonetics_text: njuːˈməʊnɪə
definition:
lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs ( double pneumonia ) or only one ( single pneumonia ).


word: PNEUMOTHORAX
russian_word: пневмоторакс
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌnjuːmə(ʊ)ˈθɔːraks
phonetics_text: ˌnjuːmə(ʊ)ˈθɔːraks
definition:
the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.


word: POACH
russian_word: вмешиваться
example: a breakfast of poached egg and grilled bacon
definition: cook (an egg) without its shell in or over boiling water.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəʊtʃ
phonetics_text: pəʊtʃ
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pochier, earlier in the sense ‘enclose in a bag’, from poche ‘bag, pocket’.


word: POCK
russian_word: выбоина
definition: a pockmark.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒk
phonetics_text: pɒk
origin:
Old English poc  ‘pustule’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch pok and German Pocke . Compare with pox.


word: POCKET
russian_word: карман
synonyms: area|patch|small area|isolated area|district|region|island|cluster|centre
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒkɪt
example:
she fished for her door key in her coat pocket|some of the gardens still had pockets of dirty snow in them

definition:
a small bag sewn into or on clothing so as to form part of it, used for carrying small articles.|a small patch of something.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘bag, sack’, also used as a measure of quantity): from Anglo-Norman French poket(e ), diminutive of poke ‘pouch’. The verb dates from the late 16th century Compare with poke2.


word: POCKETBOOK
russian_word: бумажник
definition: a notebook.|a wallet, purse, or handbag.|a paperback or other small or cheap edition of a book.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒkɪtbʊk
phonetics_text: ˈpɒkɪtbʊk
example:
a record of the caution shall be made in the officer's pocketbook|she dug a couple of aspirin out of her pocketbook|student doctors clutch pocket books of clinical practice


word: POD
russian_word: стручок
example: gorse pods were popping in the sun|the torpedo's sensor pod
synonyms: shell|husk|hull|case|seed vessel|shuck|pericarp|capsule|legume
origin: late 17th century: back-formation from dialect podware, podder ‘field crops’, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɒd
phonetics_text: pɒd
definition:
an elongated seed vessel of a leguminous plant such as the pea, splitting open on both sides when ripe.|a detachable or self-contained unit on an aircraft, spacecraft, vehicle, or vessel, having a particular function.


word: PODCAST
russian_word: подкаст
origin: early 21st century: from iPod + broadcast.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒdkɑːst
phonetics_text: ˈpɒdkɑːst
definition:
a digital audio file made available on the internet for downloading to a computer or mobile device, typically available as a series, new instalments of which can be received by subscribers automatically.


word: PODCASTING
russian_word: подкастинг
example: for many, podcasting is a logical next step from blogging
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒdkɑːstɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒdkɑːstɪŋ
definition:
the practice of using the internet to make digital recordings of broadcasts available for downloading to a computer or mobile device.


word: PODGY
russian_word: короткий и толстый
example: he put a podgy arm round Alan's shoulders
definition: (of a person or part of their body) rather fat; chubby.
antonyms: thin|skinny|slender
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒdʒi
phonetics_text: ˈpɒdʒi
synonyms:
chubby|plump|fat|fattish|stout|rotund|buxom|well upholstered|well covered|well padded|of ample proportions|ample|roly-poly|round|rounded|well rounded|full|chunky|broad in the beam|dumpy|portly|overweight|fleshy|paunchy|bulky|tubby|pudgy|porky|blubbery|poddy|fubsy|lard-arsed|zaftig|corn-fed|pursy|abdominous


word: PODIUM
russian_word: подиум
example: he was at the podium facing an expectant conference crowd
synonyms: platform|stage|dais|rostrum|stand|soapbox|mandapam
origin: mid 18th century: via Latin from Greek podion, diminutive of pous, pod- ‘foot’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊdɪəm
definition:
a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience, as when making a speech or conducting an orchestra.


word: PODZOL
russian_word: подзолистые
origin: early 20th century: from Russian, from pod ‘under’ + zola ‘ashes’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒdzɒl
phonetics_text: ˈpɒdzɒl
definition:
an infertile acidic soil characterized by a white or grey subsurface layer resembling ash, from which minerals have been leached into a lower dark-coloured stratum. It typically occurs under temperate coniferous woodland.


word: POEM
russian_word: стихотворение
example: the sun is an important symbol in this poem
synonyms: verse|song|rhyme|piece of poetry|verse composition|metrical composition|verselet
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊɪm
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊɪm
definition:
a piece of writing in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by particular attention to diction (sometimes involving rhyme), rhythm, and imagery.

origin:
late 15th century: from French poème or Latin poema, from Greek poēma, early variant of poiēma ‘fiction, poem’, from poiein ‘create’.


word: POESY
russian_word: поэзия
example: they were enamoured of poesy and the fine arts
definition: poetry.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊɪzi
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊɪzi|ˈpəʊɪsi
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French poesie, via Latin from Greek poēsis, variant of poiēsis ‘making, poetry’, from poiein ‘create’.


word: POET
russian_word: поэт
definition: a person who writes poems.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊɪt
synonyms:
verse writer|versifier|verse-maker|rhymester|rhymer|sonneteer|lyricist|lyrist|elegist|laureate|bard|swan|troubadour|balladeer|rhymist|metricist|ballad-monger|idyllist|Parnassian|poeticule|poetaster

origin:
Middle English: from Old French poete, via Latin from Greek poētēs, variant of poiētēs ‘maker, poet’, from poiein ‘create’.


word: POETIC
russian_word: поэтический
example: the muse is a poetic convention
definition: relating to or used in poetry.
synonyms: in verse|verse|metrical|rhythmical|poetical|lyrical|lyric|elegiac|rhapsodic|Parnassian
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəʊˈɛtɪk
phonetics_text: pəʊˈɛtɪk
origin:
mid 16th century: from French poétique, from Latin poeticus ‘poetic, relating to poets’, from Greek po(i)ētikos, from po(i)ētēs (see poet).


word: POETRY
russian_word: поэзия
example: he felt a desire to investigate through poetry the subjects of pain and death
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊɪtri
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊɪtri
definition:
literary work in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature.

synonyms:
poems|verse|verses|versification|metrical composition|rhythmical composition|rhymes|rhyming|balladry|penillion|poesy|Parnassus

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin poetria, from Latin poeta ‘poet’. In early use the word sometimes referred to creative literature in general.


word: POGO
russian_word: полярный геофизический спутник
origin: 1920s: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊɡəʊ
definition:
a toy for jumping about on, consisting of a long, spring-loaded pole with a handle at the top and rests for a person's feet near the bottom.


word: POGROM
russian_word: погром
example: the Nazis began a pogrom against Jewish people in Germany
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒɡrəm
phonetics_text: ˈpɒɡrəm|ˈpɒɡrɒm
definition:
an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jewish people in Russia or eastern Europe.

synonyms:
massacre|slaughter|wholesale slaughter|mass slaughter|mass killing|mass murder|mass homicide|mass execution|night of the long knives|annihilation|extermination|decimation|carnage|bloodbath|bloodletting|butchery|genocide|holocaust|Shoah|ethnic cleansing|megadeath|persecution|witch-hunt|destruction|victimization

origin:
early 20th century: from Russian, literally ‘devastation’, from gromit ‘destroy by the use of violence’.


word: POI
russian_word: полизоя
origin: Polynesian.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔɪ
phonetics_text: pɔɪ
definition:
a Hawaiian dish made from the fermented root of the taro which has been baked and pounded to a paste.


word: POIGNANCY
russian_word: пикантность
example: the pregnancy has a special poignancy for her family
definition: the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; pathos.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔɪnjənsi
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪnjənsi
synonyms:
pathos|sadness|pitifulness|piteousness|sorrow|mournfulness|wretchedness|misery|bitterness|pain|painfulness|distress|tragedy


word: POIGNANT
russian_word: острый
example: a poignant reminder of the passing of time
definition: evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔɪnjənt
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪnjənt
synonyms:
touching|moving|sad|saddening|affecting|pitiful|piteous|pitiable|pathetic|sorrowful|mournful|tearful|wretched|miserable|bitter|painful|distressing|disturbing|heart-rending|heartbreaking|tear-jerking|plaintive|upsetting|tragic

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘pricking’, present participle of poindre, from Latin pungere ‘to prick’.


word: POIKILITIC
russian_word: пойкилитовые
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek poikilos ‘variegated’ + -ite1 + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɔɪkɪˈlɪtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɔɪkɪˈlɪtɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting the texture of an igneous rock in which small crystals of one mineral occur within crystals of another.


word: POIKILOTHERM
russian_word: пойкилотермных
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔɪkɪlə(ʊ)ˌθəːm
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪkɪlə(ʊ)ˌθəːm
definition:
an organism that cannot regulate its body temperature except by behavioural means such as basking or burrowing.


word: POINSETTIA
russian_word: пуансеттия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɔɪnˈsɛtɪə
phonetics_text: ˌpɔɪnˈsɛtɪə
definition:
a small Mexican shrub with large showy scarlet bracts surrounding the small yellow flowers, popular as a houseplant at Christmas.

origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, named after Joel R. Poinsett (1779–1851), American diplomat and amateur botanist.


word: POINT
russian_word: точка
synonyms: tip|sharp end|tapered end|end|extremity|prong|spike|tine|nib|barb
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɔɪnt
phonetics_text: pɔɪnt
example:
the point of his dagger|turn left at the point where you see a sign to Appleford|the main points of the Edinburgh agreement|he kicked a penalty goal to put Bangor eight points ahead|the boat came round the point|the train gave a lurch as it passed over the points|a pure white dog with black points|a bird dog on point

definition:
the tapered, sharp end of a tool, weapon, or other object.|a dot or other punctuation mark, in particular a full stop.|a particular spot, place, or position in an area or on a map, object, or surface.|a single item or detail in an extended discussion, list, or text.|(in sports and games) a mark or unit of scoring awarded for success or performance.|each of thirty-two directions marked at equal distances round a compass.|a narrow piece of land jutting out into the sea.|a junction of two railway lines, with a pair of linked tapering rails that can be moved laterally to allow a train to pass from one line to the other.|a unit of measurement for type sizes and spacing (in the UK and US 0.351 mm, in Europe 0.376 mm).|a fielding position on the off side near the batsman.|(in a motor vehicle) each of a set of electrical contacts in the distributor.|a small leading party of an advanced guard of troops.|the extremities of an animal, typically a horse or cat, such as the face, paws, and tail of a Siamese cat.|a spot to which a straight run is made.|a tagged piece of ribbon or cord used for lacing a garment or attaching a hose to a doublet.|a short piece of cord at the lower edge of a sail for tying up a reef.|the action or position of a dog in pointing.|an important phrase or subject, especially in a contrapuntal composition.

origin:
Middle English: the noun partly from Old French point, from Latin punctum ‘something that is pricked’, giving rise to the senses ‘unit, mark, point in space or time’; partly from Old French pointe, from Latin puncta ‘pricking’, giving rise to the senses ‘sharp tip, promontory’. The verb is from Old French pointer, and in some senses from the English noun.


word: POINT-BLANK
russian_word: горизонтальный
example: the bullet was fired at point-blank range
definition: (of a shot, bullet, or other missile) fired from very close to its target.
synonyms: at very close range|at point-blank range|close up|close to
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: pɔɪntˈblaŋk
phonetics_text: pɔɪntˈblaŋk
origin:
late 16th century: probably from point + blank in the contemporaneous sense ‘white spot in the centre of a target’.


word: POINTED
russian_word: заостренный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔɪntɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪntɪd
example:
his face tapers to a pointed chin|pointed comments were made about racial discrimination within the army

definition:
having a sharpened or tapered tip or end.|(of a remark or look) expressing criticism in a direct and unambiguous way.

synonyms:
sharp|spearlike|needle-like|spear-shaped|V-shaped|tapering|tapered|cone-shaped|conic|conical|acute|sharp-cornered|wedge-shaped|sharp-edged|edged|jagged|spiky|spiked|barbed|pointy|acicular|lanceolate|acuminate|subulate|mucronate|aculeate|cuspidate|cusped|conoid


word: POINTER
russian_word: указатель
example: if the pointer moves right, the wind is from the right
synonyms: indicator|needle|arrow|hand
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔɪntə
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪntə
definition:
a long, thin piece of metal on a scale or dial which moves to indicate a figure or position.|a dog of a breed that on scenting game stands rigid looking towards it.


word: POINTILLISM
russian_word: пуантилизм
origin: early 20th century: from French pointillisme, from pointiller ‘mark with dots’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpwantɪlɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpwantɪlɪz(ə)m
definition:
a technique of neo-impressionist painting using tiny dots of various pure colours, which become blended in the viewer's eye. It was developed by Seurat with the aim of producing a greater degree of luminosity and brilliance of colour.


word: POINTLESS
russian_word: бессмысленный
example: speculating like this is a pointless exercise
definition: having little or no sense, use, or purpose.
antonyms: useful|valuable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔɪntləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪntləs
synonyms:
senseless|futile|hopeless|fruitless|useless|needless|wasted|in vain|unavailing|aimless|idle|to no purpose|purposeless|worthless|valueless|unproductive|unprofitable|absurd|insane|nonsensical|stupid|silly|irrelevant|footling|fatuous|foolish|hollow|inane|ridiculous


word: POINT OF VIEW
russian_word: точка зрения
example: I'm trying to get Matthew to change his point of view
definition: a particular attitude or way of considering a matter.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
opinion|view|belief|attitude|feeling|sentiment|way of thinking|way of looking at it|thoughts|ideas|position|perspective|viewpoint|standpoint|angle|slant|outlook|stand|stance|vantage point|side|frame of reference


word: POINT OUT
russian_word: обращать внимание
example: I pointed out a conical heap of stones
definition: direct someone's gaze or attention towards, especially by extending one's finger.
synonyms:
identify|show|designate|draw/call attention to|direct attention to|indicate|specify|detail|mention|refer to|allude to|touch on


word: POISE
russian_word: уравновешенность
definition: graceful and elegant bearing in a person.|balance; equilibrium.
synonyms: balance|equilibrium|control|grace|gracefulness|presence
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɔɪz
phonetics_text: pɔɪz
example:
poise and good deportment can be cultivated|the balance has passed the point where the spring is in poise

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘weight’): from Old French pois, peis (noun), peser (verb), from an alteration of Latin pensum ‘weight’, from the verb pendere ‘weigh’. From the early senses of ‘weight’ and ‘measure of weight’ arose the notion of ‘equal weight, balance’, leading to the extended senses ‘composure’ and ‘elegant bearing’.


word: POISED
russian_word: готова
example: not every day you saw that poised, competent kid distressed
definition: having a composed and self-assured manner.
antonyms: excited|flustered|inelegant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɔɪzd
phonetics_text: pɔɪzd
synonyms:
self-possessed|self-assured|composed|assured|self-controlled|cool-headed|calm|cool|and collected|at ease|tranquil|serene|unperturbed|unruffled|impassive|nonchalant|confident|self-confident|dignified|equable|imperturbable|suave|urbane|elegant|together|unfazed|unflappable|nonplussed|equanimous


word: POISON
russian_word: яд
example: he killed himself with poison
synonyms: toxin|venom|bane|toxicant
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɔɪz(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɔɪz(ə)n
definition:
a substance that is capable of causing the illness or death of a living organism when introduced or absorbed.|a substance that reduces the activity of a catalyst.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a harmful medicinal draught): from Old French poison ‘magic potion’, from Latin potio(n- ) ‘potion’, related to potare ‘to drink’.


word: POKE
russian_word: совать
example: he poked Benny in the ribs and pointed|I poked my head around the door to see what was going on
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pəʊk
phonetics_text: pəʊk
definition:
jab or prod (someone or something) with one's finger or a sharp object.|thrust (something, such as one's head) in a particular direction.

synonyms:
prod|jab|dig|nudge|tap|butt|ram|shove|punch|prick|jolt|thrust|stab|push|plunge|stick|insert|drive|lunge

origin:
Middle English: origin uncertain; compare with Middle Dutch and Middle Low German poken, of unknown ultimate origin. The noun dates from the late 18th century.


word: POKE AROUND
russian_word: искать ощупью
example: she poked about in the cupboard for a minute or two
definition: look around a place, typically in search of something.
synonyms:
search|hunt|rummage (around)|forage|scrabble|grub|root about|root around|scavenge|fish about|fish around|rake around|feel around|grope around|nose around|ferret (about)|ferret (around)|pry into|ransack|rake through|sift through|go through|shuffle through|rifle through|scour|comb|explore|probe|rootle (around)


word: POKE FUN AT
russian_word: подсмеиваться
example: the satirical magazine is known for poking fun at politicians and other public figures
definition: tease or ridicule (someone) in a mocking way.
synonyms:
mock|make fun of|laugh at|make jokes about|ridicule|jeer at|sneer at|deride|treat with contempt|treat contemptuously|scorn|laugh to scorn|scoff at|pillory|be sarcastic about|satirize|lampoon|burlesque|parody|tease|taunt|rag|make a monkey of|chaff|jibe at|send up|kid|rib|josh|wind up|take the mickey out of|goof on|rag on|razz|pull someone's chain|poke mullock at|sling off at|chiack|twit|rot|make sport of|joke|quiz|flout|take the piss (out of)


word: POKEY
russian_word: тюрьма
example: 25 years in the pokey
definition: prison.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊki
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊki
origin:
early 20th century: alteration of pogey (an early sense being ‘hostel for the needy’), perhaps influenced by poky.


word: POKY
russian_word: убогий
example: five of us shared the poky little room|his speech was poky, like he was a little simple
antonyms: spacious|roomy|palatial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəʊki
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊki
definition:
(of a room or building) uncomfortably small and cramped.|(especially of a car) having considerable power or acceleration.|annoyingly slow.

synonyms:
small|little|tiny|cramped|confined|restricted|narrow|tight|uncomfortable|cell-like|boxy|compact|bijou|with no room to swing a cat|strait|incommodious

origin:
mid 19th century (in the sense ‘concerned with petty matters’): from poke1 (in a contemporaneous sense ‘confine’) + -y1.


word: POLAR
russian_word: полярный
example: the polar regions|depression and its polar opposite, mania
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊlə
definition:
relating to the North or South Pole.|having electrical or magnetic polarity.|directly opposite in character or tendency.

synonyms:
Arctic|Antarctic|cold|frozen|freezing|frigid|chill|chilling|icy|icy-cold|glacial|gelid|Siberian|Baltic|boreal|hyperborean|circumpolar|brumal|borean|hyperboreal

origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin polaris ‘heavenly’, from Latin polus ‘end of an axis’ (see pole2).


word: POLARIMETER
russian_word: поляриметр
origin: mid 19th century: from medieval Latin polaris ‘polar’ + -meter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəʊləˈrɪmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌpəʊləˈrɪmɪtə
definition:
an instrument for measuring the polarization of light, and especially for determining the effect of a substance in rotating the plane of polarization of light.


word: POLARIZATION
russian_word: поляризация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊlərʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəʊlərʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the polarization of society between rich and poor|changes in polarization of light passing through the atmosphere|probes need to warm up to ensure proper polarization of the electrodes

definition:
division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs.|the action of restricting the vibrations of a transverse wave, especially light, wholly or partially to one direction.|the action of causing something to acquire polarity.


word: POLARIZE
russian_word: поляризовать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊlərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊlərʌɪz
example:
some of the light is polarized so that it vibrates in only one plane|the electrode is polarized in aqueous solution|the cultural sphere has polarized into two competing ideological positions

definition:
restrict the vibrations of (a transverse wave, especially light) wholly or partially to one direction.|cause (something) to acquire polarity.|divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs.


word: POLAROGRAPHY
russian_word: полярография
origin: 1930s: from polarization (see polarize) + -graphy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəʊləˈrɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: ˌpəʊləˈrɒɡrəfi
definition:
a method of analysis in which a sample is subjected to electrolysis using a special electrode and a range of applied voltages, a plot of current against voltage showing steps corresponding to particular chemical species and proportional to their concentration.


word: POLDER
russian_word: польдер
origin: early 17th century: from Dutch, from Middle Dutch polre .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊldə
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊldə
definition:
a piece of low-lying land reclaimed from the sea or a river and protected by dykes, especially in the Netherlands.


word: POLE
russian_word: полюс
example: a tent pole
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəʊl
phonetics_text: pəʊl
definition:
a long, slender, rounded piece of wood or metal, typically used with one end placed in the ground as a support for something.|another term for perch3 (sense 1 of the noun).

synonyms:
post|pillar|stanchion|standard|paling|pale|stake|stick|picket|palisade|support|prop|batten|mast|bar|shaft|rail|rod|beam|spar|crosspiece|upright|vertical|staff|stave|cane|spike|baton|truncheon

origin:
late Old English pāl (in early use without reference to thickness or length), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch paal and German Pfahl, based on Latin palus ‘stake’.


word: POLEAXE
russian_word: секира
definition: another term for battleaxe (sense 1).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊlaks
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊlaks
origin:
Middle English: related to Middle Dutch pol(l)aex, Middle Low German pol(l)exe (see poll, axe). The change in the first syllable was due to association with pole1; the first element poll- may have referred to a special head of the axe or to the head of an enemy.


word: POLECAT
russian_word: хорек
origin: Middle English: perhaps from Old French pole ‘chicken’ + cat1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊlkat
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊlkat
definition:
a weasel-like Eurasian mammal with mainly dark brown fur and a darker mask across the eyes, noted for its fetid smell.


word: POLEMIC
russian_word: полемика
example: his polemic against the cultural relativism of the Sixties
definition: a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.
origin: mid 17th century: via medieval Latin from Greek polemikos, from polemos ‘war’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pəˈlɛmɪk
phonetics_text: pəˈlɛmɪk
synonyms:
critical|hostile|bitter|polemical|virulent|vitriolic|venomous|waspish|corrosive|biting|caustic|trenchant|cutting|acerbic|sardonic|sarcastic|scathing|acid|sharp|keen|tart|pungent|stinging|astringent|incisive|devastating|piercing|acidulous|mordacious|diatribe|invective|denunciation|denouncement|rant|tirade|broadside|attack|harangue|verbal onslaught|condemnation|brickbats|criticism|admonishment|admonition|abuse|stream of abuse|stricture|tongue-lashing|castigation|reprimand|rebuke|reproof|reproval|upbraiding|knocking|blast|slating|philippic|argumentation|argument|debate|contention|dispute|disputation|discussion|controversy|altercation|faction|wrangling|contestation


word: POLEMICAL
russian_word: полемический
example: a polemical essay
definition: of or involving strongly critical or disputatious writing or speech.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈlɛmɪkəl
phonetics_text: pəˈlɛmɪkəl
synonyms:
critical|hostile|bitter|polemic|virulent|vitriolic|venomous|waspish|corrosive|biting|caustic|trenchant|cutting|acerbic|sardonic|sarcastic|scathing|acid|sharp|keen|tart|pungent|stinging|astringent|incisive|devastating|piercing|acidulous|mordacious


word: POLE VAULT
russian_word: прыжок с шестом
example: the pole vault has always been easy for him
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
an athletic event in which competitors attempt to vault over a high bar with the aid of an extremely long flexible pole.


word: POLICE
russian_word: полиция
example: when someone is killed, the police have to be informed
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈliːs
phonetics_text: pəˈliːs
definition:
the civil force of a state, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order.

synonyms:
police force|police officers|policemen|policewomen|officers of the law|the forces of law and order|law enforcement officers|law enforcement agency|constabulary|polis|gendarmerie|Polizei|carabinieri|watch|the cops|the fuzz|the law|the Man|the boys in blue|the long arm of the law|the (Old) Bill|coppers|rozzers|bobbies|busies|bizzies|the force|plod|PC Plod|the heat|…'s finest|pigs|the filth|Babylon

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘public order’): from French, from medieval Latin politia ‘citizenship, government’ (see policy1). Current senses date from the early 19th century.


word: POLICE OFFICER
russian_word: полицейский
definition: a policeman or policewoman.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
policeman|policewoman|officer of the law|law enforcement officer/agent|officer|constable|patrolman|trooper|roundsman|peace officer|kotwal|jawan|gendarme|cop|jack|uniform|copper|bobby|rozzer|busy|bizzy|plod|PC Plod|bear|walloper|demon|flic|pig|flatfoot|bogey|flattie|woodentop|peeler|runner|bluebottle|finger


word: POLICY
russian_word: политика
example: the government's controversial economic policies
definition: a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or individual.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪsi
synonyms:
plans|strategy|proposed action|blueprint|approach|scheme|stratagem|programme|schedule|code|system|guidelines|intentions|notions|theory|line|position|stance|attitude|practice|custom|procedure|wont|way|tack|routine|matter of course|style|pattern|convention|mode|rule

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French policie ‘civil administration’, via Latin from Greek politeia ‘citizenship’, from politēs ‘citizen’, from polis ‘city’.


word: POLIOMYELITIS
russian_word: полиомиелит
origin: late 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek polios ‘grey’ + muelos ‘marrow’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəʊlɪəʊmʌɪəˈlʌɪtɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpəʊlɪəʊmʌɪəˈlʌɪtɪs
definition:
an infectious viral disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis.


word: POLIS
russian_word: полис
origin: Greek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪs
definition:
a city state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes.


word: POLISH
russian_word: полировка
example: behind the bar the steward polished glasses busily
definition: make the surface of (something) smooth and shiny by rubbing it.
origin: Middle English: from Old French poliss-, lengthened stem of polir ‘to polish’, from Latin polire .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪʃ
synonyms:
shine|wax|buff|rub up|rub down|gloss|burnish|brighten|smooth|varnish|oil|glaze|lacquer|enamel|japan|shellac|furbish


word: POLISHED
russian_word: полированный
example: a polished mahogany table
definition: shiny as a result of being rubbed.
antonyms: dull|tarnished|rough
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪʃt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪʃt
synonyms:
shiny|shining|bright|glossy|gleaming|lustrous|smooth|level|glassy|slippery|waxed|buffed|burnished|sanded|ground|varnished|glazed|lacquered|enamelled|japanned|shellacked|furbished


word: POLISH OFF
russian_word: покончить
example: they polished off most of the sausages
definition: quickly finish or consume something.
synonyms:
eat up|finish|consume|devour|eat greedily|guzzle|feast on|binge-eat|wolf down|down|bolt|drink up|empty|drain|quaff|gulp (down)|binge on|stuff one's face with|stuff oneself with|get outside of|murder|pack away|put away|scoff (down)|shovel down|pig oneself on|pig out on|sink|swill|knock back|shift|gollop|bevvy|get one's laughing gear round|scarf (down/up)|snarf (down/up)|inhale|chug|ingurgitate|bib|complete|deal with|wrap up|accomplish|execute|discharge|do|get done|fulfil|achieve|attain|end|conclude|close|finalize|stop|cease|terminate|round off|wind up|sew up|have something sewn up


word: POLITE
russian_word: вежливый
example: they thought she was wrong but were too polite to say so
definition: having or showing behaviour that is respectful and considerate of other people.
antonyms: rude|impolite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈlʌɪt
phonetics_text: pəˈlʌɪt
synonyms:
well mannered|civil|courteous|respectful|deferential|well behaved|well bred|gentlemanly|ladylike|chivalrous|gallant|genteel|cultivated|gracious|urbane|well brought up|tactful|considerate|thoughtful|discreet|diplomatic|mannerly

origin:
late Middle English (in the Latin sense): from Latin politus ‘polished, made smooth’, past participle of polire .


word: POLITENESS
russian_word: вежливость
example: he always treated me with the utmost politeness
definition: behaviour that is respectful and considerate of other people.
antonyms: rudeness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈlʌɪtnəs
phonetics_text: pəˈlʌɪtnəs
synonyms:
courtesy|civility|respect|deference|good breeding|manners|good manners|chivalry|gallantry|gentility|cultivation|grace|urbanity|tact|tactfulness|consideration|considerateness|thoughtfulness|discretion|diplomacy|soft skills|couth|mannerliness


word: POLITIC
russian_word: благоразумный
example: I did not think it politic to express my reservations
definition: (of an action) seeming sensible and judicious in the circumstances.
antonyms: inadvisable|injudicious|unwise
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪtɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪtɪk
synonyms:
wise|prudent|sensible|judicious|canny|well judged|sagacious|expedient|shrewd|astute|discreet|tactful|diplomatic|recommended|advantageous|beneficial|profitable|gainful|desirable|advisable|appropriate|suitable|fitting|apt|timely|opportune|propitious|provident

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French politique ‘political’, via Latin from Greek politikos, from politēs ‘citizen’, from polis ‘city’.


word: POLITICAL
russian_word: политический
example: a period of political and economic stability
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈlɪtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈlɪtɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to the government or public affairs of a country.|done or acting in the interests of status or power within an organization rather than as a matter of principle.

synonyms:
governmental|government|local government|ministerial|parliamentary|party political|diplomatic|legislative|policy-making|constitutional|public|civic|state|administrative|bureaucratic


word: POLITICIAN
russian_word: политик
example: a local politician
definition: a person who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of an elected office.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒlɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɒlɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
legislator|Member of Parliament|MP|representative|minister|statesman|stateswoman|political leader|lawmaker|public servant|elected official|office-bearer|senator|congressman|congresswoman|assemblyman|assemblywoman|politico|pol


word: POLITICS
russian_word: политика
synonyms: government|local government|affairs of state|public affairs|diplomacy|party politics
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪtɪks
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪtɪks
example:
the party quickly gained influence in French politics|yet another discussion of office politics and personalities

definition:
the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power.|activities aimed at improving someone's status or increasing power within an organization.


word: POLITY
russian_word: государство
example: the civic humanist's polity
definition: a form or process of civil government or constitution.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪti
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪti
origin:
mid 16th century: from obsolete French politie, via Latin from Greek politeia ‘citizenship, government’, from politēs ‘citizen’, from polis ‘city’.


word: POLL
russian_word: опрос общественного мнения
example: the country went to the polls on March 10
synonyms: vote|ballot|show of hands|straw vote/poll|referendum|plebiscite|election
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəʊl
phonetics_text: pəʊl
definition:
the process of voting in an election.|a person's head.|a hornless animal, especially one of a breed of hornless cattle.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘head’): perhaps of Low German origin. The original sense was ‘head’, and hence ‘an individual person among a number’, from which developed the sense ‘number of people ascertained by counting of heads’ and then ‘counting of heads or of votes’ (17th century).


word: POLLACK
russian_word: сайда
origin: late Middle English: perhaps of Celtic origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlək
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlək
definition:
an edible greenish-brown fish of the cod family, with a protruding lower jaw. Found in the north-eastern Atlantic, it is popular with anglers.


word: POLLEN
russian_word: пыльца
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin, literally ‘fine powder’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlən
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlən
definition:
a fine powdery substance, typically yellow, consisting of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone. Each grain contains a male gamete that can fertilize the female ovule, to which pollen is transported by the wind, insects, or other animals.


word: POLLINATE
russian_word: опылять
example: there are not enough bees to pollinate their crops
origin: late 19th century: from Latin pollen, pollin- ‘pollen’ + -ate3.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪneɪt
definition:
convey pollen to or deposit pollen on (a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant) and so allow fertilization.


word: POLLINIUM
russian_word: поллиний
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Latin pollen, pollin- ‘pollen’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈlɪnɪəm
phonetics_text: pəˈlɪnɪəm
definition:
a coherent mass of pollen grains that is the product of each anther lobe of some flowers, especially orchids. Single or paired pollinia are often attached to, and carried by, pollinating insects.


word: POLLUTE
russian_word: загрязнять
example: the explosion polluted the town with dioxin
definition: contaminate (water, the air, etc.) with harmful or poisonous substances.
antonyms: clean|purify
synonyms: contaminate|adulterate|taint|poison|befoul|foul|dirty|soil|blight|make filthy|infect
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈluːt
phonetics_text: pəˈluːt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin pollut- ‘soiled, defiled’, from the verb polluere, based on the root of lutum ‘mud’.


word: POLLUTER
russian_word: источник загрязнения
example: greenhouse polluters such as the coal and aluminium industries
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈluːtə
phonetics_text: pəˈluːtə
definition:
a person or thing responsible for contaminating the environment with harmful or poisonous substances.


word: POLLUTION
russian_word: загрязнение
example: the level of pollution in the air is rising
antonyms: purity
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pollutio(n- ), from the verb polluere (see pollute).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈluːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈluːʃ(ə)n
definition:
the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

synonyms:
contamination|contaminating|adulteration|adulterating|tainting|impurity|fouling|befouling|foulness|dirtiness|dirtying|soiling|filthiness|infection|infecting


word: POLLYANNA
russian_word: Поллианна
definition: an excessively cheerful or optimistic person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒlɪˈanə
phonetics_text: pɒlɪˈanə
example:
what I am saying makes me sound like some ageing Pollyanna who just wants to pretend that all is sweetness and light

origin:
early 20th century: the name of the optimistic heroine created by Eleanor Hodgman Porter (1868–1920), American author of children's stories.


word: POLOIDAL
russian_word: полоидальный
origin: 1940s: from polar, on the pattern of toroidal .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəˈlɔɪd(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəˈlɔɪd(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting a magnetic field associated with a toroidal electric field, in which each line of force is confined to a radial or meridian plane.


word: POLONAISE
russian_word: полонез
origin: mid 18th century: from French, feminine of polonais ‘Polish’, from medieval Latin Polonia ‘Poland’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌpɒləˈneɪz
phonetics_text: ˌpɒləˈneɪz
example:
a polonaise and mazurka danced by the Theatre's famous ballet school|a black velvet polonaise with jet buttons

definition:
a slow dance of Polish origin in triple time, consisting chiefly of an intricate march or procession.|a woman's dress with a tight bodice and a skirt open from the waist downwards, looped up to show a decorative underskirt.


word: POLONIUM
russian_word: полоний
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈləʊnɪəm
phonetics_text: pəˈləʊnɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 84, a radioactive metal occurring in nature only as a product of radioactive decay of uranium.

origin:
late 19th century: modern Latin, from medieval Latin Polonia ‘Poland’ (the native country of Marie Curie, the element's co-discoverer).


word: POLTERGEIST
russian_word: полтергейст
origin: mid 19th century: from German Poltergeist, from poltern ‘create a disturbance’ + Geist ‘ghost’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒltəɡʌɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpɒltəɡʌɪst
definition:
a ghost or other supernatural being supposedly responsible for physical disturbances such as making loud noises and throwing objects about.


word: POLYACRYLAMIDE
russian_word: полиакриламид
example: linear polyacrylamide is a very efficient neutral carrier
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪəˈkrɪləmʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪəˈkrɪləmʌɪd
definition:
a synthetic resin made by polymerizing acrylamide, especially a water-soluble polymer used to form or stabilize gels and as a thickening or clarifying agent.


word: POLYAMIDE
russian_word: полиамид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈeɪmʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈeɪmʌɪd|ˌpɒlɪˈamʌɪd
definition:
a synthetic polymer of a type made by the linkage of an amino group of one molecule and a carboxylic acid group of another, including many synthetic fibres such as nylon.


word: POLYANTHUS
russian_word: первоцвет высокий
origin: early 18th century: modern Latin, from poly- ‘many’ + Greek anthos ‘flower’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈanθəs
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈanθəs
definition:
a herbaceous flowering plant which is a complex hybrid between the wild primrose and primulas, cultivated in Europe since the 17th century.


word: POLYCARBONATE
russian_word: поликарбонат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈkɑːbəneɪt
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈkɑːbəneɪt
definition:
a synthetic resin in which the polymer units are linked through carbonate groups, including many moulding materials and films.


word: POLYCHROMY
russian_word: полихромия
example: as a sculptor he experimented with polychromy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪkrəʊmi
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪkrəʊmi
definition:
the art of painting in several colours, especially as applied to ancient pottery, sculpture, and architecture.


word: POLYCLINIC
russian_word: поликлиника
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈklɪnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈklɪnɪk
definition:
a clinic (typically one independent of a hospital) where both general and specialist examinations and treatments are available to outpatients.


word: POLYCRYSTALLINE
russian_word: поликристаллического
example: a polycrystalline silicon wafer
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈkrɪstəlʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈkrɪstəlʌɪn
definition:
(of a metal or other solid) consisting of many crystalline parts that are randomly oriented with respect to each other.


word: POLYCYTHAEMIA
russian_word: полицитемия
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from poly- ‘many’ + -cyte ‘cell’ + haemo- ‘blood’ + -ia1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪsʌɪˈθiːmɪə
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪsʌɪˈθiːmɪə
definition:
an abnormally increased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, either through reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers. It may be a primary disease of unknown cause, or a secondary condition linked to respiratory or circulatory disorder or cancer.


word: POLYDACTYLY
russian_word: полидактилия
example: polydactyly of both hands was noted at birth
origin: late 19th century: from Greek poludaktulos (from polu- ‘many’ + daktulos ‘finger’) + -y3.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈdaktɪli
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈdaktɪli
definition:
a condition in which a person or animal has more than five fingers or toes on one, or on each, hand or foot.


word: POLYDIPSIA
russian_word: полидипсия
definition: abnormally great thirst as a symptom of disease (such as diabetes) or psychological disturbance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈdɪpsɪə
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈdɪpsɪə
origin:
mid 17th century: from Greek poludipsios ‘very thirsty’, poludipsos ‘causing great thirst’, based on dipsa ‘thirst’.


word: POLYELECTROLYTE
russian_word: полиэлектролитный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪɪˈlɛktrəlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪɪˈlɛktrəlʌɪt
definition:
a polymer which has several ionizable groups along the molecule, especially any of those used for coagulating and flocculating particles during water treatment or for making electrophoretic gels.


word: POLYENE
russian_word: полиен
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪjiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪjiːn
definition:
a hydrocarbon with several carbon–carbon double bonds, especially one having a chain of conjugated single and double bonds.


word: POLYESTER
russian_word: полиэстер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈɛstə
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈɛstə
definition:
a synthetic resin in which the polymer units are linked by ester groups, used chiefly to make synthetic textile fibres.


word: POLYGAMY
russian_word: полигамия
definition: the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈlɪɡəmi
phonetics_text: pəˈlɪɡəmi
origin:
mid 16th century: from French polygamie, via late Latin from Greek polugamia, from polugamos ‘often marrying’.


word: POLYGENE
russian_word: полигенов
origin: 1940s: back-formation from polygenic.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪdʒiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪdʒiːn
definition:
a gene whose individual effect on a phenotype is too small to be observed, but which can act together with others to produce observable variation.


word: POLYGENESIS
russian_word: полигенез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
definition:
the hypothetical origination of a race or species from a number of independent stocks.|the hypothetical origination of language or of a surname from a number of independent sources in different places at different times.


word: POLYGLOT
russian_word: полиглот
example: New Orleans has always been a polyglot city
definition: knowing or using several languages.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt
origin:
mid 17th century: from French polyglotte, from Greek poluglōttos, from polu- ‘many’ + glōtta ‘tongue’.


word: POLYGON
russian_word: многоугольник
definition: a plane figure with at least three straight sides and angles, and typically five or more.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪɡ(ə)n
origin:
late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek polugōnon, neuter (used as a noun) of polugōnos ‘many-angled’.


word: POLYGONUM
russian_word: горец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈlɪɡ(ə)nəm
phonetics_text: pəˈlɪɡ(ə)nəm
definition:
a plant of a genus that includes knotgrass and knotweed, some of which are weeds and some are garden ornamentals.

origin:
modern Latin, from Greek polu- ‘many’ + gonu ‘knee, joint’ (because of the swollen joints sheathed by stipules).


word: POLYGRAPH
russian_word: полиграф
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪɡrɑːf
definition:
a machine designed to detect and record changes in physiological characteristics, such as a person's pulse and breathing rates, used especially as a lie detector.


word: POLYHISTOR
russian_word: эрудит
definition: another term for polymath.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈhɪstə
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈhɪstə
origin:
late 16th century: from Greek poluistōr ‘very learned’, from polu- ‘much, very’ + histōr ‘wise man’.


word: POLYIMIDE
russian_word: полиимидная
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈɪmʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈɪmʌɪd
definition:
a synthetic resin in which the polymer units are linked by imide groups, used chiefly for heat-resistant films and coatings.


word: POLYMATH
russian_word: эрудит
example: a Renaissance polymath
definition: a person of wide knowledge or learning.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪmaθ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪmaθ
origin:
early 17th century: from Greek polumathēs ‘having learned much’, from polu- ‘much’ + the stem of manthanein ‘learn’.


word: POLYMER
russian_word: полимер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪmə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪmə
definition:
a substance which has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g. many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

origin:
mid 19th century: from German, from Greek polumeros ‘having many parts’, from polu- ‘many’ + meros ‘a share’.


word: POLYNUCLEOTIDE
russian_word: полинуклеотидная
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒlɪˈnjuːklɪətʌɪd
phonetics_text: pɒlɪˈnjuːklɪətʌɪd
definition:
a linear polymer whose molecule is composed of many nucleotide units, constituting a section of a nucleic acid molecule.


word: POLYP
russian_word: полип
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪp
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪp
definition:
a solitary or colonial sedentary form of a coelenterate such as a sea anemone, typically having a columnar body with the mouth uppermost surrounded by a ring of tentacles. In some species, polyps are a phase in the life cycle which alternates with a medusoid phase.|a small growth, usually benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucous membrane.

origin:
late Middle English (in polyp (sense 2)): from Old French polipe, from Latin polypus (see polypus). polyp (sense 1) dates from the mid 18th century.


word: POLYPARY
russian_word: колония полипов
origin: mid 18th century: from modern Latin polyparium, from Latin polypus (see polypus).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪp(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪp(ə)ri
definition:
the common stem or skeletal support of a colony of polyps, to which the individual zooids are attached.


word: POLYPEPTIDE
russian_word: полипептид
example: a polypeptide chain
origin: early 20th century: from poly- ‘many’ + peptone + -ide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈpɛptʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈpɛptʌɪd
definition:
a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule.


word: POLYPHONY
russian_word: полифония
example: his love affair with 16th-century English polyphony
origin: early 19th century: from Greek poluphōnia, from polu- ‘many’ + phōnē ‘sound’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈlɪf(ə)ni
phonetics_text: pəˈlɪf(ə)ni
definition:
the style of simultaneously combining a number of parts, each forming an individual melody and harmonizing with each other.


word: POLYPHYLETIC
russian_word: полифилетической
example: the aschelminthes may be a polyphyletic grade
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪfʌɪˈlɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪfʌɪˈlɛtɪk
definition:
(of a group of organisms) derived from more than one common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group and therefore not suitable for placing in the same taxon.


word: POLYPODY
russian_word: сладкокорень
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪpəʊdi
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪpəʊdi
definition:
a widely distributed fern which has stout scaly creeping rhizomes and remains green during the winter, growing on trees, walls, and stones, especially in limestone areas.

origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek polupodion, denoting a kind of fern, from polu- ‘many’ + pous, pod- ‘foot’.


word: POLYPOSIS
russian_word: полипоз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈpəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈpəʊsɪs
definition:
a condition characterized by the presence of numerous internal polyps, especially a hereditary disease ( familial adenomatous polyposis ) which affects the colon and in which the polyps may become malignant.


word: POLYPROPYLENE
russian_word: полипропилен
example: high-impact polypropylene
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈprəʊpɪliːn
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈprəʊpɪliːn
definition:
a synthetic resin which is a polymer of propylene, used chiefly for films, fibres, or moulding materials.


word: POLYPTYCH
russian_word: полиптих
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪptɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪptɪk
definition:
a painting, typically an altarpiece, consisting of more than three leaves or panels joined by hinges or folds.

origin:
mid 19th century: from late Latin polyptycha (neuter plural) ‘registers’, from Greek poluptukhos ‘having many folds’, from polu- ‘many’ + ptukhē ‘fold’.


word: POLYPUS
russian_word: полип
definition: archaic or technical term for polyp.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪpəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪpəs
origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from a variant of Greek polupous ‘cuttlefish, polyp’, from polu- ‘many’ + pous, pod- ‘foot’.


word: POLYSACCHARIDE
russian_word: полисахарид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈsakərʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈsakərʌɪd
definition:
a carbohydrate (e.g. starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.


word: POLYSYNTHETIC
russian_word: полисинтетический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪsɪnˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪsɪnˈθɛtɪk
definition:
denoting or relating to a language characterized by complex words consisting of several morphemes, in which a single word may function as a whole sentence. Many North and South American languages are polysynthetic.


word: POLYTECHNIC
russian_word: политехнический
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈtɛknɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈtɛknɪk
definition:
an institution of higher education offering courses at degree level or below, especially in vocational subjects.

origin:
late 18th century (in the name of a particular institution in Paris): from French polytechnique, from Greek polutekhnos, from polu- ‘many’ + tekhnē ‘art’.


word: POLYTENE
russian_word: политенных
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪtiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪtiːn
definition:
relating to or denoting a giant chromosome which is composed of many parallel copies of the genetic material, as found in Drosophila fruit flies where they are much used in genetic research.

origin:
1930s: from poly- ‘many’ + -tene (from Greek tainia ‘band, ribbon’) denoting stages of the first meiotic division.


word: POLYTHEISM
russian_word: многобожие
example: the polytheism of the ancient Near East
definition: the belief in or worship of more than one god.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪˌθiːɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪˌθiːɪz(ə)m
origin:
early 17th century: from French polythéisme, from Greek polutheos ‘of many gods’, from polu- ‘many’ + theos ‘god’.


word: POLYTHENE
russian_word: полиэтилен
example: strips of black polythene
origin: 1930s: contraction of polyethylene.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪθiːn
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪθiːn
definition:
a tough, light flexible synthetic resin made by polymerizing ethylene, chiefly used for plastic bags, food containers, and other packaging.


word: POLYTYPE
russian_word: политип
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒlɪtʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈpɒlɪtʌɪp
definition:
any of a number of forms of a crystalline substance which differ only in one of the dimensions of the unit cell.


word: POLYUNSATURATED
russian_word: полиненасыщенные
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪʌnˈsatʃʊreɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪʌnˈsatʃʊreɪtɪd
definition:
(of an organic compound, especially a fat or oil molecule) containing several double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.


word: POLYURETHANE
russian_word: полиуретан
example: five coats of polyurethane
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈjʊərɪθeɪn
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈjʊərɪθeɪn
definition:
a synthetic resin in which the polymer units are linked by urethane groups, used chiefly as constituents of paints, varnishes, adhesives, and foams.


word: POLYVALENT
russian_word: поливалентный
example: a polyvalent antivenin|the polyvalent character of his thought
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɒlɪˈveɪl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌpɒlɪˈveɪl(ə)nt
definition:
having a valency of three or more.|active against several toxins or strains of pathogen.|having many different functions, forms, or facets.


word: POMACE
russian_word: жмыхи
origin: late 16th century: apparently from medieval Latin pomacium ‘cider’, from Latin pomum ‘apple’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌmɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpʌmɪs
definition:
(especially in cider-making) the pulpy residue remaining after fruit has been crushed in order to extract its juice.


word: POMADE
russian_word: помада
definition: a scented ointment or oil applied to the hair.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈmeɪd
phonetics_text: pəˈmeɪd|pəˈmɑːd
origin:
late 16th century: from French pommade, based on Latin pomum ‘apple’ (which may originally have been an ingredient in such preparations).


word: POMANDER
russian_word: ароматический шарик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈmandə
phonetics_text: pəˈmandə|ˈpɒməndə
definition:
a ball or perforated container of aromatic substances, placed in a cupboard or room to perfume the air or (formerly) carried as a supposed protection against infection.

origin:
late 15th century: from Old French pome d'embre, from medieval Latin pomum de ambra ‘apple of ambergris’.


word: POME
russian_word: плод семечковых
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, based on Latin poma, plural of pomum ‘apple’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊm
phonetics_text: pəʊm
definition:
a fruit consisting of a fleshy enlarged receptacle and a tough central core containing the seeds, e.g. an apple, pear, or quince.


word: POMEGRANATE
russian_word: гранат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒmɪɡranɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒmɪɡranɪt
definition:
a spherical fruit with a tough golden-orange outer skin and sweet red gelatinous flesh containing many seeds.|the tree that bears the pomegranate, native to North Africa and western Asia.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French pome grenate, from pome ‘apple’ + grenate ‘pomegranate’ (from Latin (malum) granatum ‘(apple) having many seeds’, from granum ‘seed’).


word: POMELO
russian_word: грейпфрут
origin: mid 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒmələʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒmələʊ|ˈpʌmələʊ
definition:
the largest of the citrus fruits, with a thick yellow skin and bitter pulp which resembles grapefruit in flavour.|the tree which bears the pomelo.


word: POMICULTURE
russian_word: плодоводство
definition: fruit-growing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊmɪˌkʌltʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊmɪˌkʌltʃə
origin:
late 19th century: from Latin pomum ‘fruit’ + culture, on the pattern of words such as agriculture .


word: POMMEL
russian_word: лука
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɒm(ə)l|ˈpʌm(ə)l
definition:
a rounded knob on the end of the handle of a sword, dagger, or old-fashioned gun.|the upward curving or projecting part of a saddle in front of the rider.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a finial at the top of a tower): from Old French pomel, from a diminutive of Latin pomum ‘fruit, apple’.


word: POMP
russian_word: помпа
example: entertaining overseas visitors with the right degree of pomp
definition: ceremony and splendid display.
antonyms: simplicity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒmp
phonetics_text: pɒmp
synonyms:
ceremony|ceremoniousness|ceremonial|solemnity|ritual|display|spectacle|pageantry|pageant|show|showiness|ostentation|splendour|grandeur|grandness|magnificence|majesty|stateliness|glory|gloriousness|sumptuousness|opulence|lavishness|richness|brilliance|radiance|dazzle|theatricality|drama|flourish|glitter|style|éclat|resplendence|splendidness|pizzazz|razzle-dazzle|razzmatazz

origin:
Middle English: from Old French pompe, via Latin from Greek pompē ‘procession, pomp’, from pempein ‘send’.


word: POMPADOUR
russian_word: светло-розовый оттенок
definition: arrange (hair) in a pompadour.
origin: late 19th century: named after Madame de Pompadour (see Pompadour, Marquise de).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɒmpədɔː
phonetics_text: ˈpɒmpədɔː|ˈpɒmpədʊə
example:
when they sent him to get his hair pompadoured like Elvis Presley, he sauntered away from the movie business


word: POMPANO
russian_word: трахинотус
origin: late 18th century: from Spanish pámpano, perhaps from pámpana ‘vine leaf’, because of its shape.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒmpənəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒmpənəʊ
definition:
an edible butterfish that lives in shoals along the west coast of North America.|another term for jack1 (sense 11).


word: POMPIER
russian_word: пожарная лестница
example: the turn-of-the-century pompiers
definition: an artist regarded as painting in an academic, imitative, and vulgarly neoclassical style.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒmpɪə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒmpɪə
origin:
mid 19th century: from French, literally ‘fireman’, said to derive from the similarity between firemen's helmets and those worn by the Greek gods and heroes depicted by late Classical artists.


word: POMPOSITY
russian_word: помпезность
example: his reputation for arrogance and pomposity
definition: the quality of being pompous; self-importance.
antonyms: modesty|humility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒmˈpɒsɪti
phonetics_text: pɒmˈpɒsɪti
synonyms:
self-importance|imperiousness|pompousness|sententiousness|grandiosity|affectation|stiffness|airs|pretentiousness|pretension|arrogance|vanity|haughtiness|pride|conceit|egotism|superciliousness|condescension|affectedness|snootiness|uppishness|uppitiness|bombast|loftiness|turgidity|grandiloquence|magniloquence|ornateness|portentousness|pedantry|boastfulness|boasting|bragging|sonorousness|windiness|fustian|euphuism|orotundity


word: POMPOUS
russian_word: напыщенный
example: a pompous ass who pretends he knows everything|processions and other pompous shows
definition: affectedly grand, solemn, or self-important.|characterized by pomp or splendour.
antonyms: modest|humble|self-effacing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒmpəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒmpəs
synonyms:
self-important|imperious|overbearing|domineering|magisterial|pontifical|sententious|grandiose|affected|stiff|pretentious|puffed up|arrogant|vain|haughty|proud|conceited|egotistic|supercilious|condescending|patronizing|snooty|uppity|uppish|bombastic|high-sounding|high-flown|lofty|turgid|grandiloquent|magniloquent|ornate|overblown|overripe|inflated|rhetorical|oratorical|declamatory|sonorous|portentous|pedantic|boastful|boasting|bragging|braggart|Falstaffian|highfalutin|windy|fustian|euphuistic|orotund

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pompeux ‘full of grandeur’, from late Latin pomposus, from pompa ‘pomp’.


word: PONCHO
russian_word: пончо
origin: early 18th century: from South American Spanish, from Araucanian.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒn(t)ʃəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒn(t)ʃəʊ
definition:
a garment of a type originally worn in South America, made of a thick piece of woollen cloth with a slit in the middle for the head.


word: POND
russian_word: пруд
example: a garden pond
definition: a small body of still water formed naturally or by artificial means.
origin: Middle English: alteration of pound3, commonly used in dialect in the same sense.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɒnd
phonetics_text: pɒnd
synonyms:
pool|puddle|lake|tarn|reservoir|waterhole|lagoon|inland sea|swim|stew|loch|lochan|lough|pothole|bayou|tank|moana|mere|plash


word: PONDER
russian_word: размышлять
example: I pondered the question of what clothes to wear for the occasion
definition: think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɒndə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒndə
synonyms:
think about|give thought to|consider|review|reflect on|mull over|contemplate|study|meditate on|muse on|deliberate about|cogitate on|dwell on|brood on/over|ruminate about/on|chew over|puzzle over|speculate about|weigh up|turn over in one's mind|be in a brown study|pore on|cerebrate

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘appraise, judge the worth of’): from Old French ponderer ‘consider’, from Latin ponderare ‘weigh, reflect on’, from pondus, ponder- ‘weight’.


word: PONDERATION
russian_word: весомостью
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒndəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpɒndəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
every time that someone hastes to act without any ponderation, he becomes an easy prey to give way to the temptation|the ponderation of the body shifts at the waist

definition:
careful thought, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion.|(especially with reference to Greek sculpture) equilibrium or balance.


word: PONDEROUS
russian_word: тяжеловесный
example: a swarthy, ponderous giant of a man
definition: slow and clumsy because of great weight.
antonyms: light|graceful|elegant
origin: late Middle English: via French from Latin ponderosus, from pondus, ponder- ‘weight’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒnd(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒnd(ə)rəs
synonyms:
clumsy|slow|heavy|awkward|lumbering|slow-moving|cumbersome|heavy-footed|ungainly|graceless|maladroit|uncoordinated|blundering|like a bull in a china shop|clodhopping|clunky|lubberly|cumbrous


word: PONE
russian_word: сдоба
example: she used to come into town weekly to sell her pone
origin: Algonquian, ‘bread’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊn
phonetics_text: pəʊn
definition:
unleavened maize bread in the form of flat oval cakes or loaves, originally as prepared with water by North American Indians and cooked in hot ashes.


word: PONGEE
russian_word: эпонж
example: pongee blouses
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌnˈdʒiː
phonetics_text: pʌnˈdʒiː|pɒnˈdʒiː
definition:
a soft, unbleached type of Chinese fabric, originally made from threads of raw silk and now also other fibres such as cotton which are usually mercerized.

origin:
early 18th century: from Chinese (Mandarin dialect) bĕnjī literally ‘own loom’ or běnzhī literally ‘home-woven’.


word: PONGO
russian_word: орангутанг
definition: a soldier (used especially by members of the Royal Navy or RAF).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒŋɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒŋɡəʊ
origin:
early 17th century (denoting a large African ape): from Congolese mpongo . The slang sense dates from the early 20th century.


word: PONS
russian_word: варолиев мост
definition: the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒnz
phonetics_text: pɒnz
origin:
late 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘bridge’, (in full) ‘bridge of Varolius’, named after C. Varoli (1543–75), Italian anatomist.


word: PONTIFF
russian_word: первосвященник
example: the Pope's first visit to Poland as pontiff
definition: the Pope.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒntɪf
phonetics_text: ˈpɒntɪf
origin:
late 17th century (denoting an early Christian bishop): from French pontife, from Latin pontifex (see pontifex).


word: PONTIFICAL
russian_word: папский
example: a pontifical commission|such explanations were greeted with pontifical disdain
antonyms: open-minded|humble
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pontificalis, from pontifex (see pontifex).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɒnˈtɪfɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: pɒnˈtɪfɪk(ə)l
definition:
(in the Roman Catholic Church) relating to the pontiff or Pope.|characterized by a pompous air of infallibility.

synonyms:
pompous|cocksure|self-important|arrogant|superior|opinionated|dogmatic|doctrinaire|dictatorial|authoritarian|domineering|intolerant|prejudiced|biased|bigoted|adamant|obstinate|stubborn|pig-headed|bull-headed|obdurate|of fixed views|headstrong|wilful|single-minded|rigid|inflexible|uncompromising|unyielding


word: PONTIFICATE
russian_word: понтификат
example: he was pontificating about art and history|he pontificated at three Christmas Masses
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
express one's opinions in a pompous and dogmatic way.|(in the Roman Catholic Church) officiate as bishop, especially at Mass.

synonyms:
hold forth|expound|declaim|preach|lay down the law|sound off|spout (off)|dogmatize|sermonize|moralize|pronounce|lecture|expatiate|preachify|mouth off|spiel|perorate

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Latin pontificatus, from pontifex (see pontifex). The verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: PONTOON
russian_word: понтон
example: a pontoon bridge
origin: late 17th century: from French ponton, from Latin ponto, ponton-, from pons, pont- ‘bridge’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒnˈtuːn
phonetics_text: pɒnˈtuːn
definition:
a flat-bottomed boat or hollow metal cylinder used with others to support a temporary bridge or floating landing stage.|a large flat-bottomed barge or lighter equipped with cranes and tackle for careening ships and salvage work.


word: PONY
russian_word: пони
example: a pony of vodka
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊni
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊni
definition:
a horse of a small breed, especially one below 15 hands (or 14 hands 2 inches).|a small glass or measure of alcohol.|a sum of £25.

origin:
mid 17th century: probably from French poulenet ‘small foal’, diminutive of poulain, from late Latin pullanus, from Latin pullus ‘young animal’.


word: POODLE
russian_word: пудель
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpuːd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpuːd(ə)l
definition:
a dog of a breed (of which there are several varieties) with a curly coat that is often ornamentally clipped. Poodle breeds are classified by size.|a person or organization who is overly willing to obey another.

origin:
early 19th century: from German Pudel(hund ), from Low German pud(d)eln ‘splash in water’ (the poodle being a water-dog).


word: POOH-BAH
russian_word: совместитель
origin: from the name of a character in W. S. Gilbert's The Mikado (1885).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: puːˈbɑː
phonetics_text: puːˈbɑː
definition:
a person having much influence or holding many offices at the same time, especially one who is perceived as pompously self-important.


word: POOP
russian_word: корма
example: there on the poop stood Captain Meech
origin: late Middle English: from Old French pupe, from a variant of Latin puppis ‘stern’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: puːp
phonetics_text: puːp
definition:
the aftermost and highest deck of a ship, especially in a sailing ship where it typically forms the roof of a cabin in the stern.


word: POOR
russian_word: бедный
antonyms: rich|wealthy
origin: Middle English: from Old French poure, from Latin pauper .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɔː
phonetics_text: pɔː|pʊə
example:
they were too poor to afford a telephone|many people are eating a very poor diet|they enquired after poor Dorothy's broken hip

definition:
lacking sufficient money to live at a standard considered comfortable or normal in a society.|of a low or inferior standard or quality.|(of a person) deserving of pity or sympathy.

synonyms:
poverty-stricken|impoverished|necessitous|beggarly|in penury|penurious|impecunious|indigent|needy|needful|in need/want|badly off|low-paid|in reduced circumstances|in straitened circumstances|destitute|hard up|short of money|on one's beam-ends|unable to make ends meet|underprivileged|deprived|penniless|without a sou|as poor as a church mouse|moneyless|bankrupt|bust|insolvent|in debt|in the red|on the breadline|broke|flat broke|cleaned out|strapped for cash|strapped|on one's uppers|stony broke|skint|in Queer Street|stone broke|craptastic|pauperized|beggared


word: POORLY
russian_word: плохо
example: schools that were performing poorly|he lived as poorly as his peasant parishioners
definition: in a way that is unsatisfactory or inadequate.|with insufficient money.
part_of_speech: adverb|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔːli
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːli|ˈpʊəli
synonyms:
badly|deficiently|defectively|faultily|imperfectly|unsuccessfully|incompetently|inexpertly|abjectly|appallingly|abysmally|atrociously|awfully|terribly|dismally|dreadfully|crudely|shoddily|inadequately|unsatisfactorily|unacceptably|execrably|frightfully|crummily|diabolically


word: POP
russian_word: поп
synonyms: go bang|go off with a bang|go off|crack|snap|burst|explode
origin: late Middle English (in the senses ‘a blow, knock’ and ‘to strike’): imitative.
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adverb
phonetic: pɒp
phonetics_text: pɒp
example:
corks popped and glasses tinkled|she popped in to see if she could help|the man's eyes popped in disbelief|she added a slick of red lipstick to make the outfit pop|Williams had spent his life hitting the bottle and popping pills|I wouldn't ever sell it—I popped it

definition:
make a light explosive sound.|go somewhere for a short time, often without notice.|(of a person's eyes) open wide and appear to bulge, especially with surprise.|appear brighter or more striking in juxtaposition with something of a different or complementary colour.|take or inject (a drug).|pawn (something).


word: POPE
russian_word: папа
definition: the Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.|another term for ruffe.
synonyms: pontiff|sovereign/supreme pontiff|Bishop of Rome|Holy Father|Vicar of Christ|His Holiness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊp
phonetics_text: pəʊp
origin:
Old English, via ecclesiastical Latin from ecclesiastical Greek papas ‘bishop, patriarch’, variant of Greek pappas ‘father’.


word: POPERY
russian_word: католицизм
example: the Anglicans campaigned against popery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊp(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊp(ə)ri
definition:
the doctrines, practices, and ceremonies associated with the Pope or the papal system; Roman Catholicism.


word: POPINJAY
russian_word: попугай
definition: a vain or conceited person, especially one who dresses or behaves extravagantly.|a parrot.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpɪndʒeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpɪndʒeɪ
origin:
Middle English: from Old French papingay, via Spanish from Arabic babbaġā . The change in the ending was due to association with jay.


word: POPLAR
russian_word: тополь
origin: Middle English: from Old French poplier, from Latin populus ‘poplar’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒplə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒplə
definition:
a tall, fast-growing tree of north temperate regions, widely grown in shelter belts and for timber and pulp.


word: POPLIN
russian_word: поплин
example: medium weight cotton or polycotton fabric such as poplin
definition: a plain-woven fabric, typically a very lightweight cotton, with a corded surface.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒplɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɒplɪn
origin:
early 18th century: from obsolete French papeline, perhaps from Italian papalina (feminine) ‘papal’, referring to the town of Avignon (residence of popes in exile (1309–77), and site of papal property), where it was first made.


word: POP OFF
russian_word: палить
definition: die.|speak spontaneously and at length, typically angrily.
example:
when I pop off, everything will come to you|I've been thinking about it a lot—I don't want you to imagine I'm just popping off


word: POPPER
russian_word: стрелок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpə
definition:
a press stud.|a small vial of amyl nitrite used for inhalation, which makes a popping sound when opened.|(in fishing) an artificial lure which makes a popping sound when moved over the surface of the water.|a utensil for popping corn.


word: POPPET
russian_word: крошка
example: ‘Here you are, poppet,’ the nurse said
origin: late Middle English: based on Latin pup(p)a ‘girl, doll’. Compare with puppet.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpɪt
definition:
an endearingly sweet or pretty child (often used as an affectionate form of address).|a small figure of a human being used in sorcery and witchcraft.|a mushroom-shaped valve with a flat end piece that is lifted in and out of an opening by an axial rod.


word: POPPY
russian_word: мак
origin: Old English popig, papæg, from a medieval Latin alteration of Latin papaver .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpi
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpi
definition:
a herbaceous plant with showy flowers, milky sap, and rounded seed capsules. Many poppies contain alkaloids and are a source of drugs such as morphine and codeine.


word: POPPYCOCK
russian_word: чепуха
example: he said I was talking poppycock
definition: nonsense.
origin: mid 19th century: from Dutch dialect pappekak, from pap ‘soft’ + kak ‘dung’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpɪkɒk
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpɪkɒk
synonyms:
nonsense|garbage|claptrap|balderdash|blather|blether|moonshine|foolishness|silliness|rubbish|tripe|hogwash|baloney|drivel|bilge|bosh|bull|bunk|guff|eyewash|piffle|phooey|hooey|malarkey|twaddle|dribble|rot|cobblers|codswallop|stuff and nonsense|tosh|cack|havers|flapdoodle|blathers|applesauce|wack|bushwa|bunkum|tommyrot|cod|gammon|toffee|crapola


word: POPULACE
russian_word: население
example: the party misjudged the mood of the populace
definition: the people living in a particular country or area.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjʊləs
synonyms:
population|inhabitants|residents|natives|occupants|occupiers|community|country|public|people|nation|common people|general public|man/woman in the street|masses|multitude|rank and file|commonality|commonalty|third estate|plebeians|proletariat|crowd|man/woman on the street|folk|common folk|Joe Public|Joe Bloggs|John Doe|denizens|indigenes|the hoi polloi|common herd|rabble|mob|riff-raff|the canaille|the great unwashed|ragtag (and bobtail)|proles|plebs

origin:
late 16th century: from French, from Italian popolaccio ‘common people’, from popolo ‘people’ + the pejorative suffix -accio .


word: POPULAR
russian_word: популярный
antonyms: unpopular
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒpjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjʊlə
example:
she was one of the most popular girls in the school|editorials accusing the government of wanting to gag the popular press|a popular revolt against colonial rule

definition:
liked or admired by many people or by a particular person or group.|(of cultural activities or products) intended for or suited to the taste, understanding, or means of the general public rather than specialists or intellectuals.|(of political activity) carried on by the people as a whole rather than restricted to politicians or political parties.

synonyms:
well liked|liked|favoured|in favour|well received|approved|admired|accepted|welcome|sought-after|in demand|desired|wanted|commercial|marketable|saleable|fashionable|in fashion|in vogue|voguish|all the rage|hot|in|cool|big|all the go

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘prevalent among the general public’): from Latin popularis, from populus ‘people’. Sense 1 dates from the early 17th century.


word: POPULARITY
russian_word: популярность
example: he was at the height of his popularity
definition: the state or condition of being liked, admired, or supported by many people.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒpjʊˈlarəti
phonetics_text: pɒpjʊˈlarəti
synonyms:
fashionableness|vogue|stylishness|approval|favour|admiration|regard|acceptance|acclaim|welcome|demand|traction|commerciality|marketability|saleability|adoration|adulation|idolization|lionization|coolness|trendiness|currency|prevalence|commonness|universality|recognition


word: POPULARLY
russian_word: всенародно
example: advancing age is popularly associated with a declining capacity to work
definition: by many or most people; generally.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpɒpjələli
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjələli
synonyms:
widely|generally|universally|commonly|by many/most/all|usually|regularly|customarily|habitually|conventionally|ordinarily|traditionally|as a rule


word: POPULATE
russian_word: заселять
example: the island is populated by scarcely 40,000 people
definition: form the population of (a place).
synonyms: inhabit|live/reside in|occupy|people|dwell in
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɒpjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjʊleɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin populat- ‘supplied with people’, from the verb populare, from populus ‘people’.


word: POPULATION
russian_word: население
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɒpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the island has a population of about 78,000|fluctuations in populations of voles and lemmings|the motions of Population II objects

definition:
all the inhabitants of a particular place.|a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members interbreeding occurs.|a finite or infinite collection of items under consideration.|each of three groups (designated I, II, and III) into which stars can be approximately divided on the basis of their manner of formation.

synonyms:
inhabitants|residents|people|citizens|citizenry|public|community|populace|society|natives|occupants|occupiers|folk|common folk|denizens

origin:
late 16th century (denoting an inhabited place): from late Latin populatio(n- ), from the verb populare, from populus ‘people’.


word: POPULISM
russian_word: популизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpjʊlɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjʊlɪz(ə)m
example:
the question is whether he will tone down his fiery populism now that he has joined the political establishment

definition:
a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.


word: POPULIST
russian_word: популист
example: he ran as a populist on an anti-corruption platform
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒpjʊlɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjʊlɪst
definition:
a person, especially a politician, who strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

origin:
late 19th century (originally referring to a US political party): from Latin populus ‘people’ + -ist.


word: POPULOUS
russian_word: густонаселенный
example: the populous city of Shanghai
definition: having a large population; densely populated.
antonyms: uninhabited|deserted
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin populosus, from populus ‘people’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒpjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpjʊləs
synonyms:
densely populated|heavily populated|thickly populated|heavily settled|crowded|congested|packed|jammed|crammed|teeming|swarming|seething|crawling|full|jam-packed|heaving|like Piccadilly Circus


word: POP-UP
russian_word: всплывающий
example: fashion brands have been especially keen on pop-up stores in recent months
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒpʌp
phonetics_text: ˈpɒpʌp
definition:
(of a book or greetings card) containing folded cut-out pictures that rise up to form a three-dimensional scene or figure when the page is turned.|denoting a shop or other business that opens quickly in a temporary location and is intended to operate for only a short period of time.


word: PORBEAGLE
russian_word: сельдевая акула
origin: mid 18th century: perhaps from Cornish porth ‘harbour, cove’ + bugel ‘shepherd’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːbiːɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːbiːɡ(ə)l
definition:
a large, active shark which is found chiefly in the open seas of the North Atlantic and in the Mediterranean.


word: PORCELAIN
russian_word: фарфор
example: a porcelain bowl
definition: a white vitrified translucent ceramic; china.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːs(ə)lɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːs(ə)lɪn
origin:
mid 16th century: from French porcelaine, from Italian porcellana ‘cowrie shell’, hence ‘chinaware’ (from its resemblance to the dense polished shells).


word: PORCH
russian_word: крыльцо
example: the north porch of Hereford Cathedral
definition: a covered shelter projecting in front of the entrance of a building.
origin: Middle English: from Old French porche, from Latin porticus ‘colonnade’, from porta ‘passage’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːtʃ
phonetics_text: pɔːtʃ
synonyms:
vestibule|foyer|entrance|entrance hall|entry|portal|portico|lobby|anteroom|ramada|stoop|sleepout|mandapam|lanai|narthex|galilee|peristyle|stoa|colonnade|porte cochère|tambour


word: PORCUPINE
russian_word: дикобраз
definition: a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on the body and tail.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːkjʊpʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːkjʊpʌɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French porc espin, from Provençal porc espi(n ), from Latin porcus ‘pig’ + spina ‘thorn’.


word: PORE
russian_word: пор
synonyms: opening|orifice|aperture|hole|outlet|inlet|vent|stoma|hydathode|ostiole|ostium|foramen
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, via Latin from Greek poros ‘passage, pore’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔː
phonetics_text: pɔː
definition:
a minute opening in a surface, especially the skin or integument of an organism, through which gases, liquids, or microscopic particles may pass.


word: PORGY
russian_word: морской окунь
origin: mid 17th century: alteration of Spanish and Portuguese pargo .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːɡi
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːɡi
definition:
a deep-bodied fish related to the sea breams, which is typically silvery but sometimes changes to a blotched pattern. It usually lives in warm coastal waters.


word: PORN
russian_word: порно
example: hardcore porn|like much of the country, I drool over gastro-porn on telly
origin: 1960s: abbreviation.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: pɔːn
phonetics_text: pɔːn
definition:
pornography.|television programmes, magazines, books, etc. that are regarded as emphasizing the sensuous or sensational aspects of a non-sexual subject and stimulating a compulsive interest in their audience.


word: PORNOGRAPHIC
russian_word: порнографический
example: pornographic images
definition: constituting or resembling pornography; obscene.
antonyms: decent|pure|wholesome
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɔːnəˈɡrafɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɔːnəˈɡrafɪk
synonyms:
obscene|indecent|improper|indelicate|crude|lewd|erotic|titillating|arousing|suggestive|sexy|risqué|coarse|vulgar|gross|dirty|ribald|smutty|filthy|bawdy|earthy|corrupting|exploitative|prurient|salacious|immoral|off-colour|adult|X-rated|triple-X|XXX|hardcore|soft-core|porn|porno|blue|skin|rank


word: PORNOGRAPHY
russian_word: порнография
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːˈnɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: pɔːˈnɒɡrəfi
definition:
printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate sexual excitement.

synonyms:
erotica|pornographic material|hardcore pornography|soft-core pornography|dirty books|smut|filth|vice|porn|hard porn|soft porn|porno|skin/girlie magazines|cheesecake|pornies|facetiae|curiosa

origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek pornographos ‘writing about prostitutes’, from pornē ‘prostitute’ + graphein ‘write’.


word: POROUS
russian_word: пористый
example: layers of porous limestones
definition: (of a rock or other material) having minute interstices through which liquid or air may pass.
antonyms: impermeable
origin: late Middle English: from Old French poreux, based on Latin porus ‘pore’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔːrəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːrəs
synonyms:
permeable|penetrable|pervious|absorbent|sponge-like|spongy|sieve-like|leaky|honeycombed|cellular|open|holey|absorptive|percolative|cavernulous|leachy|porose|poriferous|spongiose|foraminous|pory


word: PORPHYRIA
russian_word: порфирия
origin: 1920s: modern Latin, from porphyrin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːˈfɪrɪə
phonetics_text: pɔːˈfɪrɪə
definition:
a rare hereditary disease in which there is abnormal metabolism of the blood pigment haemoglobin. Porphyrins are excreted in the urine, which becomes dark; other symptoms include mental disturbances and extreme sensitivity of the skin to light.


word: PORPHYRIN
russian_word: порфирина
origin: early 20th century: from Greek porphura ‘purple’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːfɪrɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːfɪrɪn
definition:
any of a class of pigments (including haem and chlorophyll) whose molecules contain a flat ring of four linked heterocyclic groups, sometimes with a central metal atom.


word: PORPHYRITIC
russian_word: порфиритовый
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpɔːfɪˈrɪtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpɔːfɪˈrɪtɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting a rock texture containing distinct crystals or crystalline particles embedded in a compact groundmass.


word: PORPOISE
russian_word: морская свинья
definition: a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɔːpəs
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːpəs|ˈpɔːpɔɪs
origin:
Middle English: from Old French porpois, based on Latin porcus ‘pig’ + piscis ‘fish’, rendering earlier porcus marinus ‘sea hog’.


word: PORRIDGE
russian_word: каша
example: I'm sweating it out doing porridge
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒrɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒrɪdʒ
definition:
a dish consisting of oatmeal or another meal or cereal boiled in water or milk.|time spent in prison.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting soup thickened with barley): alteration of pottage. Sense 2 dates from the 1950s.


word: PORRINGER
russian_word: суповая чашка
definition: a small bowl, typically with a handle, used for soup, stew, or similar dishes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒrɪn(d)ʒə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒrɪn(d)ʒə
origin:
late Middle English (earlier as potager and pottinger ): from Old French potager, from potage ‘contents of a pot’.


word: PORTABLE
russian_word: портативный
example: a portable television
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtəb(ə)l
definition:
able to be easily carried or moved, especially because being of a lighter and smaller version than usual.

synonyms:
transportable|movable|mobile|transferable|easily carried|easy to carry|conveyable|travelling|travel|lightweight|compact|handy|convenient|manageable|portative

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French portable, from late Latin portabilis, from Latin portare ‘carry’.


word: PORTAGE
russian_word: волок
example: the return journey was made much simpler by portage
definition: the carrying of a boat or its cargo between two navigable waters.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɔːtɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtɪdʒ|pɔːˈtɑːʒ
origin:
late Middle English: from French, from porter ‘carry’. The sense relating to carrying between navigable waters dates from the late 17th century.


word: PORTAL
russian_word: портал
example: many healthcare providers already utilize portals through which a patient can access test results
synonyms: doorway|gateway|entrance|way in|way out|exit|egress|opening|door|gate|threshold|entryway
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːt(ə)l
definition:
a doorway, gate, or other entrance, especially a large and imposing one.|a website or web page providing access or links to other sites.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin portale, neuter (used as a noun) of portalis ‘like a gate’, from Latin porta ‘door, gate’.


word: PORTAMENTO
russian_word: портаменто
example: some schmaltzy portamentos|a portamento style
origin: Italian, literally ‘carrying’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɔːtəˈmɛntəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌpɔːtəˈmɛntəʊ
definition:
a slide from one note to another, especially in singing or playing the violin.|piano playing in a manner intermediate between legato and staccato.


word: PORTCULLIS
russian_word: опускная решетка
definition: a strong, heavy grating that can be lowered down grooves on each side of a gateway to block it.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːtˈkʌlɪs
phonetics_text: pɔːtˈkʌlɪs
origin:
Middle English: from Old French porte coleice ‘sliding door’, from porte ‘door’ (from Latin porta ) + coleice ‘sliding’ (feminine of couleis, from Latin colare ‘to filter’).


word: PORTEND
russian_word: предвещать
example: the eclipses portend some major events
origin: late Middle English: from Latin portendere, based on pro- ‘forth’ + tendere ‘stretch’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɔːˈtɛnd
phonetics_text: pɔːˈtɛnd
definition:
be a sign or warning that (something, especially something momentous or calamitous) is likely to happen.

synonyms:
presage|augur|foreshadow|foretell|prophesy|be a sign of|be a warning of|warn of|be an omen of|be an indication of|be a harbinger of|indicate|herald|signal|bode|announce|promise|threaten|point to|mean|signify|spell|denote|betoken|foretoken|forebode|harbinger


word: PORTENT
russian_word: предзнаменование
example: many birds are regarded as being portents of death|what portent can be greater than a pious notary?
origin: late 16th century: from Latin portentum ‘omen, token’, from the verb portendere (see portend).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːtɛnt
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtɛnt|ˈpɔːt(ə)nt
definition:
a sign or warning that a momentous or calamitous event is likely to happen.|an exceptional or wonderful person or thing.

synonyms:
omen|sign|indication|presage|warning|forewarning|harbinger|augury|signal|promise|threat|menace|ill omen|forecast|prediction|prognostication|prophecy|straw in the wind|writing on the wall|hint|auspice|premonition|presentiment|feeling|vague feeling|funny feeling|feeling in one's bones|foreboding|misgiving|foretoken


word: PORTENTOUS
russian_word: зловещий
example: this portentous year in Canadian history
definition: of or like a portent; of momentous significance.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pɔːˈtɛntəs
phonetics_text: pɔːˈtɛntəs
synonyms:
ominous|warning|foreshadowing|predictive|premonitory|prognosticatory|momentous|fateful|threatening|menacing|foreboding|sinister|ill-omened|inauspicious|unpropitious|unpromising|gloomy|unfavourable


word: PORTER
russian_word: портье
example: a nice pint of porter
origin: Middle English: from Old French porteour, from medieval Latin portator, from Latin portare ‘carry’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːtə
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtə
definition:
a person employed to carry luggage and other loads, especially in a railway station, airport, hotel, or market.|dark brown bitter beer brewed from malt partly charred or browned by drying at a high temperature.

synonyms:
carrier|bearer|baggage carrier|baggage bearer|Sherpa|stretcher bearer|redcap|skycap|khalasi|cargador


word: PORTFOLIO
russian_word: портфель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːtˈfəʊlɪəʊ
phonetics_text: pɔːtˈfəʊlɪəʊ
example:
under his arm he carried a large portfolio of drawings|a portfolio of insured municipal securities|portfolio careers allow women to balance work with family|he took on the Foreign Affairs portfolio

definition:
a large, thin, flat case for loose sheets of paper such as drawings or maps.|a range of investments held by a person or organization.|denoting or engaged in an employment pattern which involves a succession of short-term contracts and part-time work, rather than the more traditional model of a single job for life.|the position and duties of a Minister or Secretary of State.

origin:
early 18th century: from Italian portafogli, from portare ‘carry’ + foglio ‘leaf’ (from Latin folium ).


word: PORTICO
russian_word: портик
origin: early 17th century: from Italian, from Latin porticus ‘porch’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːtɪkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtɪkəʊ
definition:
a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at regular intervals, typically attached as a porch to a building.


word: PORTION
russian_word: часть
example: a portion of the jetty still stands|what will be my portion?
definition: a part of a whole.|a person's destiny or lot.
synonyms: part|piece|bit|section|chunk|segment|slice|fragment|wedge|lump|slab|hunk|parcel|tranche|wodge
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːʃ(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French porcion, from Latin portio(n- ), from the phrase pro portione ‘in proportion’.


word: PORTLAND CEMENT
russian_word: портландцемент
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːtləndsɪˈmɛnt
phonetics_text: pɔːtləndsɪˈmɛnt
definition:
cement manufactured from chalk and clay which hardens under water and when hard resembles Portland stone in colour.

origin:
1810s: named after the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England, a limestone peninsula quarried for its fine building stone.


word: PORTLY
russian_word: дородный
example: a portly little man with a bowler hat|he was a man of portly presence
antonyms: slim|thin
origin: late 15th century: from port5 in the sense ‘bearing’ + -ly1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɔːtli
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtli
definition:
having a stout body; somewhat fat (used especially of a man).|of a stately or dignified appearance and manner.

synonyms:
stout|plump|fat|overweight|heavy|corpulent|fleshy|paunchy|pot-bellied|beer-bellied|of ample build|ample|well upholstered|well padded|broad in the beam|rotund|roly-poly|round|rounded|stocky|bulky|Falstaffian|tubby|beefy|porky|pudgy|blubbery|poddy|podgy|fubsy|lard-arsed|corn-fed|pursy|abdominous


word: PORTMANTEAU
russian_word: чемодан
example: podcast is a portmanteau, a made-up word coined from a combination of the words iPod and broadcast
origin: mid 16th century: from French portemanteau, from porter ‘carry’ + manteau ‘mantle’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːtˈmantəʊ
phonetics_text: pɔːtˈmantəʊ
definition:
a large travelling bag, typically made of stiff leather and opening into two equal parts.|a word blending the sounds and combining the meanings of two others, for example motel or brunch.


word: PORTRAIT
russian_word: портрет
example: a portrait of George III|you can print landscape and portrait pages in the same document
origin: mid 16th century: from French, past participle (used as a noun) of Old French portraire ‘portray’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɔːtrət
phonetics_text: ˈpɔːtrət|ˈpɔːtreɪt
definition:
a painting, drawing, photograph, or engraving of a person, especially one depicting only the face or head and shoulders.|denoting a format of printed matter which is higher than it is wide.

synonyms:
painting|picture|drawing|sketch|likeness|image|study|representation|portrayal|depiction|canvas|miniature|self-portrait|kit-cat portrait|oil|portraiture|photograph|photo|studio portrait|shot|still|snap|snapshot|vignette|daguerreotype|carte de visite


word: PORTRAY
russian_word: изобразить
example: the ineffectual Oxbridge dons portrayed by Evelyn Waugh
definition: depict (someone or something) in a work of art or literature.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɔːˈtreɪ
phonetics_text: pɔːˈtreɪ
synonyms:
paint|draw|paint/draw a picture of|picture|sketch|depict|represent|illustrate|present|show|render|limn|describe|characterize|delineate|paint in words|evoke

origin:
Middle English: from Old French portraire, based on traire ‘to draw’, from an alteration of Latin trahere .


word: PORTRAYAL
russian_word: изображение
example: a realistic portrayal of war
definition: a depiction of someone or something in a work of art or literature; a picture.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɔːˈtreɪəl
phonetics_text: pɔːˈtreɪəl
synonyms:
painting|picture|drawing|portrait|sketch|representation|depiction|study|rendering|artist's impression|characterization|description|delineation|presentation|evocation|performance as|acting|playing|enacting|interpretation|personation


word: POSE
russian_word: поза
synonyms: constitute|present|create|cause|produce|give rise to|lead to|result in
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pəʊz
phonetics_text: pəʊz
example:
the sheer number of visitors is posing a threat to the area|the prime minister posed for photographers|an armed gang posed as policemen to ambush a postman|some people like to drive kit cars, but most just like to pose in them

definition:
present or constitute (a problem or danger).|assume a particular position in order to be photographed, painted, or drawn.|pretend to be (someone or something).|behave affectedly in order to impress others.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French poser (verb), from late Latin pausare ‘to pause’, which replaced Latin ponere ‘to place’. The noun dates from the early 19th century.


word: POSH
russian_word: шикарный
example: a posh hotel
definition: elegant or stylishly luxurious.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun|verb
phonetic: pɒʃ
phonetics_text: pɒʃ
synonyms:
smart|stylish|upmarket|fancy|high-class|fashionable|chic|luxurious|luxury|deluxe|exclusive|select|sumptuous|opulent|lavish|grand|rich|elegant|ornate|ostentatious|showy|high-toned|upscale|classy|swanky|snazzy|plush|plushy|ritzy|flash|la-di-da|fancy-pants|swish|swank|tony|larney|swagger|swell|sprauncy|chi-chi

origin:
early 20th century: perhaps from slang posh, denoting either a dandy or a coin of small value. There is no evidence to support the folk etymology that posh is formed from the initials of port out starboard home (referring to the more comfortable accommodation, out of the heat of the sun, on ships between England and India).


word: POSIT
russian_word: постулировать
definition: put forward as fact or as a basis for argument.|put in position; place.
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin posit- ‘placed’, from the verb ponere .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒzɪt
example:
the Confucian view posits a perfectible human nature|the Professor posits Cohen in his second category of poets

synonyms:
postulate|put forward|advance|propound|submit|predicate|hypothesize|take as a hypothesis|set forth|propose|pose|assert|presuppose|assume|presume


word: POSITION
russian_word: положение
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the distress call had given the ship's position|he moved himself into a reclining position|the company's financial position is grim|the party's position on abortion|traders were covering short positions

definition:
a place where someone or something is located or has been put.|a particular way in which someone or something is placed or arranged.|a situation, especially as it affects one's power to act.|a person's point of view or attitude towards something.|the extent to which an investor, dealer, or speculator has made a commitment in the market by buying or selling securities.|a proposition laid down or asserted; a tenet or assertion.

synonyms:
location|place|situation|spot|site|locality|locale|scene|setting|area|point|whereabouts|bearings|orientation|possie|locus

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin positio(n- ), from ponere ‘to place’. The current sense of the verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: POSITIVE
russian_word: положительный
antonyms: pessimistic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒzɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpɒzɪtɪv
example:
there needs to be a positive approach to young offenders|he made a positive identification of a glossy ibis|each battery has a positive and negative terminal

definition:
consisting in or characterized by the presence rather than the absence of distinguishing features.|constructive, optimistic, or confident.|with no possibility of doubt; definite.|(of a quantity) greater than zero.|containing, producing, or denoting an electric charge opposite to that carried by electrons.|(of a photographic image) showing lights and shades or colours true to the original.|denoting the primary degree of an adjective or adverb, which expresses simple quality without qualification.|dealing only with matters of fact and experience; not speculative or theoretical.|relating to or denoting any of the air or fire signs, considered active in nature.

synonyms:
constructive|practical|useful|pragmatic|productive|helpful|worthwhile|beneficial|effective|efficacious|optimistic|hopeful|confident|forward-looking|cheerful|sanguine|buoyant|assured|upbeat

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French positif, -ive or Latin positivus, from posit- ‘placed’, from the verb ponere . The original sense referred to laws as being formally ‘laid down’, which gave rise to the sense ‘explicitly laid down and admitting no question’, hence ‘certain’.


word: POSITIVELY
russian_word: положительно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpɒzətɪvli
phonetics_text: ˈpɒzətɪvli
example:
the negotiations started positively, with agreement on several issues|this is positively the last word on the matter

definition:
in a positive way, especially by expressing optimism, agreement, or acceptance.|used to emphasize that something is the case, even though it may seem surprising.

synonyms:
emphatically|confidently|firmly|categorically|definitely|with certainty|conclusively|without qualification|certainly|beyond question|unquestionably|undoubtedly|indisputably|unmistakably|indubitably|assuredly|absolutely|really|downright|simply|thoroughly|completely|utterly|totally|perfectly|extremely|to a marked degree|decidedly|fairly|plain|plumb


word: POSITIVISM
russian_word: позитивизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒzɪtɪvɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpɒzɪtɪvɪz(ə)m
definition:
a philosophical system recognizing only that which can be scientifically verified or which is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejecting metaphysics and theism.|the theory that laws and their operation derive validity from the fact of having been enacted by authority or of deriving logically from existing decisions, rather than from any moral considerations (e.g. that a rule is unjust).


word: POSITIVITY
russian_word: положительность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒzɪˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: pɒzɪˈtɪvɪti
example:
pupils draw power from the positivity of their teachers|the first biopsy specimen demonstrated positivity for cytokeratin

definition:
the practice of being or tendency to be positive or optimistic in attitude.|the presence rather than absence of a certain substance, condition, or feature.


word: POSSE
russian_word: отряд
example: tea was handed round by a posse of mothers
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin, literally ‘power’, from Latin posse ‘be able’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒsi
phonetics_text: ˈpɒsi
definition:
a body of men summoned by a sheriff to enforce the law.|a group of people who have a common characteristic or occupation.

synonyms:
gang|band|group|crowd|pack|horde|herd|throng|mob|swarm|troop|cluster|company|gathering|bunch|gaggle|load


word: POSSESS
russian_word: обладать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəˈzɛs
phonetics_text: pəˈzɛs
example:
I do not possess a television set|she was possessed by the Devil|he just wanted her, to possess her|I tried to possess my soul in patience

definition:
have as belonging to one; own.|(of a demon or spirit, especially an evil one) have complete power over (someone) and be manifested through their speech or actions.|(of a man) have sexual intercourse with.|maintain (oneself or one's mind or soul) in a state of patience or quiet.

synonyms:
own|have|be the owner of|have in one's possession|be in possession of|be the possessor of|have to one's name|hold

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French possesser, from Latin possess- ‘occupied, held’, from the verb possidere, from potis ‘able, capable’ + sedere ‘sit’.


word: POSSESSION
russian_word: владение
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin possessio(n- ), from the verb possidere (see possess).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈzɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pəˈzɛʃ(ə)n
example:
she had taken possession of the sofa|I had no money or possessions|they said prayers to protect the people inside the hall from demonic possession

definition:
the state of having, owning, or controlling something.|something that is owned or possessed.|the state of being controlled by a demon or spirit.

synonyms:
ownership|proprietorship|control|hands|keeping|care|custody|charge|hold|title|guardianship|seize|appropriate|impound|expropriate|sequestrate|sequester|confiscate|take|get|acquire|obtain|secure|procure|possess oneself of|get hold of|get one's hands on|help oneself to|occupy|conquer|capture|commandeer|requisition|distrain|attach|disseize|poind|get one's mitts on


word: POSSESSIVE
russian_word: собственнический
example: has he become jealous or possessive?
synonyms: proprietorial|overprotective|clinging|controlling|dominating|jealous
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəˈzɛsɪv
phonetics_text: pəˈzɛsɪv
definition:
demanding someone's total attention and love.|relating to or denoting the case of nouns and pronouns expressing possession.


word: POSSET
russian_word: поссет
example: lemon posset glazed with a sugar caramel
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒsɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒsɪt
definition:
a cold dessert made from thickened cream, typically flavoured with lemon.|a drink made of hot milk curdled with ale, wine, or other alcohol and typically flavoured with spices.

origin:
late Middle English: of unknown origin. The verb is first recorded in English dialect in the late 19th century.


word: POSSIBILITY
russian_word: возможность
example: relegation remains a distinct possibility
definition: a thing that may happen or be the case.
synonyms: chance|likelihood|probability|prospect|hope|risk|hazard|danger|fear
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpɒsɪˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ˌpɒsɪˈbɪlɪti
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French possibilite, from late Latin possibilitas, from possibilis ‘able to be done’ (see possible).


word: POSSIBLE
russian_word: возможное
example: surely it's not possible for a man to live so long?|the possible effects of global warming
definition: able to be done or achieved.|that may exist or happen, but that is not certain or probable.
antonyms: impossible
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin possibilis, from posse ‘be able’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɒsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
feasible|able to be done|practicable|viable|attainable|achievable|realizable|within reach|workable|manageable|on|doable


word: POSSIBLY
russian_word: возможно
example: he found himself alone, possibly the only survivor
definition: perhaps (used to indicate doubt or hesitancy).|in accordance with what is likely or achievable.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpɒsɪbli
phonetics_text: ˈpɒsɪbli
synonyms:
perhaps|maybe|it may/could be|it is possible|it is conceivable|for all one knows|feasibly|very likely|hopefully|God willing|happen|peradventure|perchance|mayhap|haply|percase


word: POST
russian_word: пост
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pəʊst
phonetics_text: pəʊst
example:
follow the blue posts until the track meets a road|in a recent post, he cautioned investors to be wary of these predictions

definition:
a long, sturdy piece of timber or metal set upright in the ground and used as a support or marker.|a piece of writing, image, or other item of content published online, typically on a blog or social media website or application.

synonyms:
pole|stake|upright|shaft|prop|support|picket|strut|pillar|pale|paling|column|piling|standard|stanchion|pylon|stave|rod|newel|baluster|jamb|bollard|mast|fence post|gatepost|finger post|king post|milepost|palisade|puncheon|shore

origin:
Old English, from Latin postis ‘doorpost’, later ‘rod, beam’, probably reinforced in Middle English by Old French post ‘pillar, beam’ and Middle Dutch, Middle Low German post ‘doorpost’.


word: POSTAGE STAMP
russian_word: почтовая марка
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a small adhesive piece of paper of specified value issued by a national Post Office to be affixed to a letter or parcel to indicate the amount of postage paid.


word: POSTCARD
russian_word: открытка
example: he promised to send me a picture postcard
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊs(t)kɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊs(t)kɑːd
definition:
a card for sending a message by post without an envelope, typically having a photograph or other illustration on one side.


word: POST-CHAISE
russian_word: почтовая карета
origin: late 17th century: from post2 + chaise in the sense ‘horse-drawn carriage’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊs(t)ʃeɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊs(t)ʃeɪz
definition:
a horse-drawn carriage used for transporting passengers or mail, especially in the 18th and early 19th centuries.


word: POSTCODE
russian_word: почтовый индекс
example: postcode sectors
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊs(t)kəʊd
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊs(t)kəʊd
definition:
a group of numbers or letters and numbers which are added to a postal address to assist the sorting of mail.


word: POSTER
russian_word: плакат
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊstə
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊstə
definition:
a large printed picture used for decoration.|a person who publishes something online, typically on a blog or social media website or application.


word: POSTERIOR
russian_word: задний
example: the posterior part of the gut|a date posterior to the first Reform Bill
definition: further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end.|coming after in time or order; later.
antonyms: anterior|front
synonyms: rear|hind|back|hinder|rearward|dorsal|caudal|posticous
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pɒˈstɪərɪə
phonetics_text: pɒˈstɪərɪə
origin:
early 16th century (as a plural noun denoting descendants): from Latin, comparative of posterus ‘following’, from post ‘after’.


word: POSTERN
russian_word: задняя дверь
example: a small postern door
definition: a back or side entrance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒst(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɒst(ə)n|ˈpəʊst(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French posterne, alteration of posterle, from late Latin posterula, diminutive of posterus ‘following’.


word: POSTGLACIAL
russian_word: послеледниковый
example: postglacial changes in sea level
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəʊs(t)ˈɡleɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəʊs(t)ˈɡleɪʃ(ə)l|pəʊs(t)ˈɡleɪsɪəl
definition:
relating to the period since the last (Weichsel or Devensian) glaciation, from the sudden rise in temperature that marks the beginning of the Flandrian about 10,000 years ago.


word: POSTHUMOUS
russian_word: посмертный
example: he was awarded a posthumous Military Cross
definition: occurring, awarded, or appearing after the death of the originator.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒstjʊməs
phonetics_text: ˈpɒstjʊməs
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin postumus ‘last’ (superlative from post ‘after’), in late Latin spelled posth- by association with humus ‘ground’.


word: POSTIL
russian_word: Постил
definition: a marginal note or comment, especially on a biblical text.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒstɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpɒstɪl
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French postille, from medieval Latin postilla, perhaps from Latin post illa (verba ) ‘after those words’, written as a direction to a scribe.


word: POSTILION
russian_word: форейтор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒˈstɪlɪən
phonetics_text: pɒˈstɪlɪən
definition:
a person who rides the leading nearside (left-hand side) horse of a team or pair drawing a coach or carriage, especially when there is no coachman.

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘forerunner acting as guide to the post-horse rider’): from French postillon, from Italian postiglione ‘post-boy’, from posta (see post2).


word: POSTMARK
russian_word: почтовый штемпель
example: the package had a York postmark
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊs(t)mɑːk
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊs(t)mɑːk
definition:
an official mark stamped on a letter or other postal package, giving the place, date, and time of posting, and serving to cancel the postage stamp.


word: POSTMODERN
russian_word: постмодерн
example: postmodern America|postmodern deconstructionist theories
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pəʊstˈmɒdn
phonetics_text: pəʊstˈmɒdn
definition:
subsequent to or coming later than that which is modern.|relating to or characterized by postmodernism, especially in being self-referential.


word: POSTMODERNISM
russian_word: постмодернизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊstˈmɒdəˌnɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: pəʊstˈmɒdəˌnɪz(ə)m
definition:
a late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism, which represents a departure from modernism and is characterized by the self-conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, and a general distrust of theories.


word: POST OFFICE
russian_word: почта
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the public department or corporation responsible for postal services and (in some countries) telecommunications.|a game, played especially by children, in which imaginary letters are delivered in exchange for kisses.


word: POSTORBITAL
russian_word: посторбитальный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pəʊstˈɔːbɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: pəʊstˈɔːbɪt(ə)l
definition:
situated at the back of the orbit or eye socket, in particular denoting a process of the frontal bone which in some reptiles forms a separate bone.


word: POSTPONE
russian_word: откладывать
example: the visit had to be postponed for some time
definition: cause or arrange for (something) to take place at a time later than that first scheduled.
antonyms: advance|bring forward
origin: late 15th century: from Latin postponere, from post ‘after’ + ponere ‘to place’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn
phonetics_text: pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn|pəˈspəʊn
synonyms:
put off|delay|defer|put back|hold over/off|carry over|reschedule|adjourn|stay|shelve|stand over|pigeonhole|keep in abeyance|suspend|mothball|put over|table|take a rain check on|continue|put on ice|put on the back burner|put in cold storage|remit|respite


word: POSTPONEMENT
russian_word: отсрочка
example: after repeated postponements, the new museum is officially open
definition: the action of postponing something; deferral.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊnm(ə)nt
synonyms:
deferral|deferment|delay|putting off/back|rescheduling|adjournment|shelving|suspension|stay|respite|moratorium|continuance|put-off


word: POSTSCRIPT
russian_word: постскриптум
example: he added a postscript: ‘Leaving tomorrow’
definition: an additional remark at the end of a letter, after the signature and introduced by ‘PS’.
synonyms: afterthought|PS|additional remark|subscript
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊs(t)skrɪpt
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊs(t)skrɪpt
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin postscriptum, neuter past participle (used as a noun) of postscribere ‘write under, add’, from post ‘after, later’ + scribere ‘write’.


word: POSTULANT
russian_word: послушник
definition: a candidate, especially one seeking admission into a religious order.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒstjʊl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpɒstjʊl(ə)nt
origin:
mid 18th century: from French postulant or Latin postulant- ‘asking’, from the verb postulare (see postulate).


word: POSTULATE
russian_word: постулат
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
his theory postulated a rotatory movement for hurricanes|the chapter was then allowed to postulate the bishop of Bath

definition:
suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.|(in ecclesiastical law) nominate or elect (someone) to an ecclesiastical office subject to the sanction of a higher authority.

synonyms:
put forward|suggest|advance|posit|hypothesize|take as a hypothesis|propose|assume|presuppose|suppose|presume|predicate|take for granted|theorize

phonetic:
late Middle English (in postulate (sense 2 of the verb)): from Latin postulat- ‘asked’, from the verb postulare .


word: POSTULATION
russian_word: постулирование
example: discrepancies between empirical findings and theoretical postulations
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒstjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pɒstjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a suggestion or assumption of the existence, fact, or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.|(in ecclesiastical law) a nomination or election of someone to an ecclesiastical office subject to the sanction of a higher authority.


word: POSTURE
russian_word: поза
synonyms: position|pose|attitude|stance|bearing|carriage|comportment|way of standing/sitting|deportment
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒstʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒstʃə
example:
I got out of the car in an alert posture|trade unions adopted a more militant posture in wage negotiations

definition:
the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting.|a particular approach or attitude.

origin:
late 16th century (denoting the relative position of one thing to another): from French, from Italian postura, from Latin positura ‘position’, from posit- ‘placed’, from the verb ponere .


word: POT
russian_word: горшок
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pɒt
phonetics_text: pɒt
example:
pots and pans hung from a rack|Jim raked in half the pot|men pat their pots proudly and talk of how they must have got through a few skinfuls|he put together a 36 clearance to blue which was full of difficult pots

definition:
a rounded or cylindrical container, typically of metal, used for cooking.|the total sum of the bets made on a round in poker, brag, etc.|a prize in a sporting contest, especially a silver cup.|a pot belly.|an engine cylinder.|a shot in which a player strikes a ball into a pocket.

synonyms:
cooking utensil|container|receptacle|vessel|pan|saucepan|casserole|stewpot|stockpot|skillet|dixie|chafing dish|cauldron|crucible|crock|basin|bowl|potjie|lota|surahi|pipkin|cruse|pottle|Dutch oven|gallipot

origin:
late Old English pott, probably reinforced in Middle English by Old French pot ; of unknown ultimate origin (compare with late Latin potus ‘drinking cup’). Current senses of the verb date from the early 17th century.


word: POTASH
russian_word: поташ
definition: an alkaline potassium compound, especially potassium carbonate or hydroxide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒtaʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒtaʃ
origin:
early 17th century: from pot-ashes, from obsolete Dutch potasschen, originally obtained by leaching vegetable ashes and evaporating the solution in iron pots.


word: POTASSIUM
russian_word: калий
origin: early 19th century: from potash (earlier potass, from French potasse ) + -ium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈtasɪəm
phonetics_text: pəˈtasɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 19, a soft silvery-white reactive metal of the alkali metal group.


word: POTATO
russian_word: картофель
example: roast potatoes
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəˈteɪtəʊ
phonetics_text: pəˈteɪtəʊ
definition:
a starchy plant tuber which is one of the most important food crops, cooked and eaten as a vegetable.|the plant of the nightshade family which produces potatoes on underground runners.|a large hole in a sock or stocking, especially one in the heel.

origin:
mid 16th century: from Spanish patata, variant of Taino batata ‘sweet potato’. The English word originally denoted the sweet potato and gained its current sense in the late 16th century.


word: POTBOILER
russian_word: халтура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒtbɔɪlə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒtbɔɪlə
definition:
a book, film, or other creative work produced solely to make the originator a living by catering to popular taste.


word: POTENCY
russian_word: потенция
example: a myth of enormous potency|the myth of declining sexual potency with increasing age
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊtnsi
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊtnsi
definition:
the power of something to influence or make an impression.|a male's ability to achieve an erection or to reach orgasm.

synonyms:
power|powerfulness|vigour|strength|might|mightiness|force|forcefulness|influence|dominance|energy|potential|puissance|effectiveness|persuasiveness|cogency|impressiveness|authoritativeness|authority|headiness|efficacy|efficaciousness|kick


word: POTENT
russian_word: мощный
example: thrones were potent symbols of authority
antonyms: weak|impotent
origin: late Middle English: from Latin potent- ‘being powerful, being able’, from the verb posse .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəʊt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊt(ə)nt
definition:
having great power, influence, or effect.|(of a male) able to achieve an erection or to reach an orgasm.

synonyms:
powerful|strong|vigorous|mighty|formidable|influential|commanding|dominant|forceful|dynamic|redoubtable|overpowering|overwhelming|puissant|convincing|cogent|compelling|persuasive|effective|effectual|eloquent|impressive|telling|sound|well founded|valid|weighty|authoritative|irresistible|efficacious|intoxicating|heady|hard|stiff|spiritous


word: POTENTATE
russian_word: властелин
definition: a monarch or ruler, especially an autocratic one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊt(ə)nteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊt(ə)nteɪt
synonyms:
ruler|head of state|monarch|sovereign|king|queen|emperor|empress|prince|tsar|crowned head|mogul|dynast|overlord|leader

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin potentatus ‘dominion’, from potent- ‘being able or powerful’ (see potent1).


word: POTENTIAL
russian_word: потенциал
example: a campaign to woo potential customers
definition: having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pə(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: pə(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
possible|likely|prospective|future|probable|budding|in the making|latent|embryonic|developing|dormant|inherent|unrealized|undeveloped

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin potentialis, from potentia ‘power’, from potent- ‘being able’ (see potent1). The noun dates from the early 19th century.


word: POTENTIATE
russian_word: придавать силу
example: the glucose will potentiate intestinal absorption of sodium
origin: early 19th century: from potent1, on the pattern of substantiate .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pə(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃɪeɪt
phonetics_text: pə(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃɪeɪt
definition:
increase the power, effect, or likelihood of (something, especially a drug or physiological reaction).


word: POTENTIATION
russian_word: потенцирование
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the increase in strength of nerve impulses along pathways which have been used previously, either short-term or long-term.


word: POTENTILLA
russian_word: лапчатки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpəʊt(ə)nˈtɪlə
phonetics_text: ˌpəʊt(ə)nˈtɪlə
definition:
a plant of a genus that includes the cinquefoils, especially (in gardening) a small shrub with yellow or red flowers.

origin:
modern Latin, based on Latin potent- ‘being powerful’ (with reference to its herbal qualities) + the diminutive suffix -illa .


word: POTENTIOMETER
russian_word: потенциометр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pə(ʊ)ˌtɛnʃɪˈɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: pə(ʊ)ˌtɛnʃɪˈɒmɪtə
definition:
an instrument for measuring an electromotive force by balancing it against the potential difference produced by passing a known current through a known variable resistance.|a variable resistor with a third adjustable terminal. The potential at the third terminal can be adjusted to give any fraction of the potential across the ends of the resistor.


word: POTHOLE
russian_word: выбоина
example: he drove very cautiously over the potholes in the road
origin: early 19th century: from Middle English pot ‘pit’ (perhaps of Scandinavian origin) + hole.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒthəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpɒthəʊl
definition:
a deep natural underground cave formed by the erosion of rock, especially by the action of water.|a depression or hollow in a road surface caused by wear or subsidence.


word: POTHOLE
russian_word: выбоина
definition: produce potholes in (the ground).|explore underground caves as a pastime.
origin: early 19th century: from Middle English pot ‘pit’ (perhaps of Scandinavian origin) + hole.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpɒthəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpɒthəʊl
example:
the road is being torn up and potholed by passing trucks|my mother and father met while they were potholing


word: POTION
russian_word: зелье
example: a healing potion
definition: a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties.
synonyms: concoction|mixture|brew|elixir|philtre|drink|decoction|medicine|tincture|tonic|potation|draught
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊʃ(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin potio(n- ) ‘drink, poisonous draught’, related to potare ‘to drink’.


word: POTLATCH
russian_word: потлача
origin: Chinook Jargon, from Nootka p'ačitł ‘make a gift at a potlatch’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpɒtlatʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒtlatʃ
definition:
(among North American Indian peoples of the north-west coast) an opulent ceremonial feast at which possessions are given away or destroyed to display wealth or enhance prestige.


word: POTPOURRI
russian_word: попурри
definition: a mixture of dried petals and spices placed in a bowl to perfume a room.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pəʊˈpʊəri
phonetics_text: pəʊˈpʊəri|pəʊpʊəˈriː|pɒtˈpʊəri
origin:
early 17th century (denoting a stew made of different kinds of meat): from French, literally ‘rotten pot’.


word: POTTAGE
russian_word: похлебка
definition: soup or stew.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒtɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpɒtɪdʒ
origin:
Middle English (as potage ): from Old French potage ‘that which is put into a pot’. Compare with potage and porridge.


word: POTTED
russian_word: горшках
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈpɒtɪd
example:
an array of exotic potted palms|potted shrimps|a potted history of the band's career|a party where everybody was pretty much potted

definition:
(of a plant) planted or grown in a flowerpot and usually kept indoors.|(of meat or fish) preserved in a sealed pot or jar.|(of a biographical or historical account) put into a short and easily assimilable form.|intoxicated by drink or drugs, especially cannabis.|(of an electrical component or circuit) encapsulated in insulating material.


word: POTTER
russian_word: гончар
example: I'm quite happy just to potter about by myself here
definition: occupy oneself in a desultory but pleasant way.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpɒtə
phonetics_text: ˈpɒtə
synonyms:
do nothing much|amuse oneself|tinker about|tinker around|fiddle about|fiddle around|do odd jobs|mess about|mess around|piddle about|piddle around|puddle about|puddle around|muck about|muck around|fanny about|fanny around|footle about|footle around|lollygag

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘poke repeatedly’): frequentative of dialect pote ‘to push, kick, or poke’ of unknown origin.


word: POTTERY
russian_word: керамика
example: an extensive collection of nineteenth-century pottery|a visit to a Staffordshire pottery
synonyms: china|crockery|ceramics|ware
origin: Middle English: from Old French poterie, from potier ‘a potter’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈpɒt(ə)ri
definition:
pots, dishes, and other articles made of fired clay. Pottery can be broadly divided into earthenware, porcelain, and stoneware.|a factory or workshop where pottery is made.


word: POTTLE
russian_word: корзинка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpɒt(ə)l
definition:
a measure for liquids equal to a half gallon.|a small conical punnet for strawberries or other fruit.

origin:
Middle English (in pottle (sense 1 of the noun)): from Old French potel ‘little pot’, diminutive of pot .


word: POUCH
russian_word: сумка
example: a tobacco pouch|he had deep pouches under his dark eyes
synonyms: bag|purse|wallet|sack|sac|pocket|container|receptacle|poke|sporran|reticule
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: paʊtʃ
phonetics_text: paʊtʃ
definition:
a small flexible bag, typically carried in a pocket or attached to a belt.|a pocket-like abdominal receptacle in which marsupials carry their young during lactation.|a baggy area of skin underneath a person's eyes.

origin:
Middle English (as a noun): from Old Northern French pouche, variant of Old French poche ‘bag’. Compare with poke2.


word: POULTICE
russian_word: припарка
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pultes (plural), from puls, pult- ‘pottage, pap’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpəʊltɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊltɪs
definition:
a soft, moist mass of material, typically consisting of bran, flour, herbs, etc., applied to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation and kept in place with a cloth.


word: POUNCE
russian_word: набрасываться
example: as he watched, a mink pounced on the vole
definition: (of an animal or bird of prey) spring or swoop suddenly so as to catch prey.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: paʊns
phonetics_text: paʊns
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting a tool for stamping or punching): origin obscure, perhaps from puncheon1. The noun sense ‘a bird's claw’ arose in the late 15th century and gave rise to the verb (late 17th century).


word: POUND
russian_word: фунт
synonyms: pound sterling|£|quid|smacker|smackeroo|nicker|oner|oncer|sovereign
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: paʊnd
phonetics_text: paʊnd
definition:
a unit of weight equal to 16 oz. avoirdupois (0.4536 kg), or 12 oz. troy (0.3732 kg).|the basic monetary unit of the UK, equal to 100 pence.

origin:
Old English pund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch pond and German Pfund, from Latin ( libra) pondo, denoting a Roman ‘pound weight’ of 12 ounces.


word: POUNDAGE
russian_word: пошлина с веса
example: reduce excess poundage without risking overexertion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpaʊndɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊndɪdʒ
definition:
a payment of a particular amount per pound sterling of the sum involved in a transaction.|weight, especially when regarded as excessive.


word: POUNDAL
russian_word: паундаль
origin: late 19th century: from pound1 + the suffix -al, perhaps suggested by quintal.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpaʊnd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊnd(ə)l
definition:
a unit of force equal to that required to give a mass of one pound an acceleration of one foot per second per second.


word: POUR
russian_word: лить
origin: Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pɔː
phonetics_text: pɔː
example:
water poured off the roof|people poured out of the train|the storm clouds gathered and the rain poured down

definition:
flow rapidly in a steady stream.|come or go in a steady stream and in large numbers.|(of rain) fall heavily.

synonyms:
stream|flow|run|gush|cascade|course|spout|jet|spurt|flood|surge|spill|rush|well|spew|discharge|sloosh|disembogue|gush out|spew out|spurt out|spout out|erupt|issue|emerge|come out|come forth|come


word: POUR OUT
russian_word: отливать
example: Andy is pouring out two glasses of Coke|in his letters, Edward poured out his hopes
definition:
cause a liquid to flow from a container into a cup or other vessel.|express one's feelings in an unrestrained way.

synonyms:
express|voice|vent|give vent to|give expression to|vocalize|give voice to|put in words|give utterance to|communicate|declare|state|set forth|bring into the open|make public|assert|divulge|reveal|proclaim|announce|raise|air|ventilate|mention|talk of|point out|go into|utter|say|speak|articulate|enunciate|pronounce|mouth|table|come out with


word: POUT
russian_word: надутые губы
example: she lounged on the steps, pouting
synonyms: look petulant|pull a face|look sulky|purse one's lips|make a moue|scowl|glower|sulk|mop and mow
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: paʊt
phonetics_text: paʊt
definition:
push one's lips or one's bottom lip forward as an expression of petulant annoyance or in order to make oneself look sexually attractive.

origin:
Middle English (as a verb): perhaps from the base of Swedish dialect puta ‘be inflated’. Compare with pout2.


word: POUTING
russian_word: надуть
example: images of nubile, pouting models
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpaʊtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊtɪŋ
definition:
pushing one's lips or one's bottom lip forward as an expression of annoyance or in order to look sexually attractive.


word: POVERTY
russian_word: бедность
example: thousands of families are living in abject poverty|the poverty of her imagination
antonyms: wealth
origin: Middle English: from Old French poverte, from Latin paupertas, from pauper ‘poor’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpɒvəti
phonetics_text: ˈpɒvəti
definition:
the state of being extremely poor.|the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount.

synonyms:
penury|destitution|indigence|pennilessness|privation|deprivation|impoverishment|neediness|need|want|hardship|impecuniousness|impecuniosity|hand-to-mouth existence|beggary|pauperism|straitened circumstances|bankruptcy|insolvency|primary poverty|pauperdom


word: POVERTY-STRICKEN
russian_word: бедствующий
example: a poverty-stricken nation
definition: extremely poor.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpɒvətɪˌstrɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpɒvətɪˌstrɪk(ə)n
synonyms:
extremely poor|impoverished|destitute|penniless|on one's beam-ends|as poor as a church mouse|without a sou|dirt poor|in penury|penurious|impecunious|indigent|needy|needful|in need/want|unable to make ends meet|down and out|necessitous|beggarly|moneyless|bankrupt|in straitened circumstances|on the breadline|broke|flat broke|cleaned out|strapped for cash|strapped|on one's uppers|stony broke|skint|in Queer Street|stone broke|pauperized|beggared


word: POWAN
russian_word: сиг
origin: mid 17th century: Scots variant of pollan.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəʊwən
phonetics_text: ˈpəʊwən
definition:
a widely distributed freshwater whitefish of lakes and rivers in northern Eurasia, especially one of a variety occurring only in two Scottish lochs.


word: POWDER
russian_word: порошок
example: add four tablespoons of cocoa powder|in Aspen, blue skies and good powder drew in record numbers
synonyms: dust|fine particles|fine grains|talcum powder|talc|pulvil|pulvilio|pounce
origin: Middle English: from Old French poudre, from Latin pulvis, pulver- ‘dust’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpaʊdə
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊdə
definition:
fine, dry particles produced by the grinding, crushing, or disintegration of a solid substance.|loose, dry, newly fallen snow.


word: POWDERY
russian_word: порошкообразный
example: when the package was opened, a powdery white substance fell out
definition: resembling or characteristic of powder in texture.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpaʊdəriː
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊdəriː
synonyms:
fine|dry|fine-grained|powder-like|dusty|chalky|floury|mealy|sandy|crumbly|friable|granulated|granular|ground|crushed|pulverized|pulverulent|levigated|powder-covered|powdered


