# Dictionary_data_final

word: A
russian_word: ля
example: a man came out of the room|he is a lawyer|typing 60 words a minute
origin: Middle English: weak form of Old English ān ‘one’.
part_of_speech: determiner
phonetic: ə
phonetics_text: ə|eɪ
definition:
used when referring to someone or something for the first time in a text or conversation.|used to indicate membership of a class of people or things.|in, to, or for each; per (used when expressing rates or ratios).


word: ABA
russian_word: аба
part_of_speech: abbreviation
phonetic: eɪbiːˈeɪ
phonetics_text: eɪbiːˈeɪ
definition:
(in the UK) Amateur Boxing Association.|(in the US) American Bar Association.|(in the US) American Booksellers' Association.


word: ABANDON
russian_word: отказываться
antonyms: stick by
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈband(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈband(ə)n
example:
her natural mother had abandoned her at an early age|he had clearly abandoned all pretence of trying to succeed|they abandoned themselves to despair

definition:
cease to support or look after (someone); desert.|give up completely (a practice or a course of action).|allow oneself to indulge in (a desire or impulse).

synonyms:
desert|leave|leave high and dry|turn one's back on|cast aside|break (up) with|jilt|strand|leave stranded|leave in the lurch|throw over|run/walk out on|dump|ditch|give someone the push|give someone the big E|bin off|forsake

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French abandoner, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + bandon ‘control’ (related to ban1). The original sense was ‘bring under control’, later ‘give in to the control of, surrender to’ (abandon (sense 3 of the verb)).


word: ABANDONED
russian_word: заброшенный
example: an abandoned car|a wild, abandoned dance
definition: having been deserted or left.|unrestrained; uninhibited.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈband(ə)nd
phonetics_text: əˈband(ə)nd
synonyms:
deserted|forsaken|cast aside/off|jilted|stranded|rejected|dumped|ditched|unused|disused|neglected|idle|unoccupied|uninhabited|empty


word: ABANDONMENT
russian_word: отказ
example: she had a feeling of utter abandonment and loneliness
definition: the action or fact of abandoning or being abandoned.
antonyms: adoption
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbandənm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈbandənm(ə)nt
synonyms:
desertion|neglect|stranding|jilting|betrayal|disuse|evacuation|renunciation|relinquishment|rejection|withdrawal|dropping|cessation|discontinuation|termination|stopping|surrender|dispensation


word: ABASE
russian_word: унижать
example: I watched my colleagues abasing themselves before the board of trustees
definition: behave in a way that belittles or degrades (someone).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbeɪs
phonetics_text: əˈbeɪs
synonyms:
humble|humiliate|belittle|demean|lower|degrade|disgrace|disparage|debase|cheapen|discredit|mortify|bring low|demote|reduce|grovel|kowtow|bow and scrape|toady|fawn|crawl|suck up to someone|lick someone's boots

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French abaissier, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + baissier ‘to lower’, based on late Latin bassus ‘short of stature’. The spelling has been influenced by base2.


word: ABATE
russian_word: уменьшать
example: the storm suddenly abated
definition: (of something unpleasant or severe) become less intense or widespread.
antonyms: intensify
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈbeɪt
synonyms:
subside|die down/away/out|drop off/away|lessen|ease (off)|let up|decrease|diminish|moderate|decline|fade|dwindle|slacken|recede|cool off|tail off|peter out|taper off|wane|ebb|relent|desist|weaken|become weaker|come to an end|remit

origin:
Middle English (in the legal sense): from Old French abatre ‘to fell’, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + batre ‘to beat’ (from Latin battere, battuere ‘to beat’).


word: ABATEMENT
russian_word: снижение
example: this trend shows no sign of abatement
definition: the action of abating or being abated; ending or subsiding.
antonyms: intensification|increase
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from Old French abatre ‘fell, put an end to’ (see abate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbeɪtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈbeɪtm(ə)nt
synonyms:
subsiding|dying down/away/out|dropping off/away|lessening|easing (off)|decrease|diminishing|moderation|decline|declining|fade|dwindling|cooling off|tailing off|petering out|tapering off|wane|waning|ebb|relenting|desisting|weakening|easing|softening|soothing|relief|blunting|deadening|alleviation|mitigation|mollification|allaying|assuagement|palliation|tempering|appeasement|attenuation|reduction|lowering


word: ABATIS
russian_word: завал
definition: a defence made of felled trees placed lengthwise over each other with the boughs pointing outwards.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabətɪs
phonetics_text: ˈabətɪs
origin:
mid 18th century: from French, literally ‘felled (trees)’, from Old French abatre ‘to fell’ (see abate).


word: ABBEY
russian_word: аббатство
definition: the building or buildings occupied by a community of monks or nuns.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabi
phonetics_text: ˈabi
synonyms:
monastery|convent|priory|cloister|friary|nunnery|religious house|religious community|charterhouse|cell|cenobium|cenoby

origin:
Middle English: from Old French abbeie, from medieval Latin abbatia ‘abbacy’, from abbas, abbat- (see abbot).


word: ABBREVIATE
russian_word: сокращать
example: ‘network’ is often abbreviated to ‘net’
definition: shorten (a word, phrase, or text).
antonyms: lengthen|expand|elongate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbriːvɪeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈbriːvɪeɪt
synonyms:
shorten|reduce|cut|cut short/down|contract|condense|compress|abridge|truncate|clip|crop|pare down|prune|shrink|constrict|telescope|curtail|summarize|abstract|precis|synopsize|digest|edit

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin abbreviat- ‘shortened’, from the verb abbreviare, from Latin brevis ‘short’.


word: ABBREVIATED
russian_word: сокращенный
example: an abbreviated version of the earlier work
definition: shortened; cut short.
antonyms: expanded|long
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbriːvɪeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: əˈbriːvɪeɪtɪd
synonyms:
shortened|reduced|cut|cut short/down|contracted|condensed|compressed|abridged|truncated|concise|compendious|compact|succinct|clipped|cropped|pared down|pruned|shrunk|constricted|telescoped|summary|thumbnail|summarized|synoptic|abstracted|edited (down)


word: ABDICATE
russian_word: отрекаться
example: in 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated as German emperor
definition: (of a monarch) renounce one's throne.|fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty).
antonyms: be crowned|accede to
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈabdɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈabdɪkeɪt
synonyms:
resign|retire|quit|stand down|step down|bow out|renounce the throne|demit|resign from|relinquish|renounce|give up|hand over|turn over|deliver up|surrender|vacate|forswear|abjure|cede|disclaim

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin abdicat- ‘renounced’, from the verb abdicare, from ab- ‘away, from’ + dicare ‘declare’.


word: ABDICATION
russian_word: отречение
definition: an act of abdicating or renouncing the throne.|failure to fulfil a responsibility or duty.
antonyms: coronation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌabdɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌabdɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
Edward VIII did not marry until after his abdication|we are witnessing an abdication of responsibility on the part of European governments

synonyms:
resignation|retirement|relinquishment|renunciation|giving up|surrender|abjuration|vacation|ceding|cession|demission


word: ABDOMEN
russian_word: живот
definition: the part of the body of a vertebrate containing the digestive and reproductive organs; the belly.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabdəmən
phonetics_text: ˈabdəmən|abˈdəʊmən
synonyms:
stomach|belly|gut|middle|midriff|intestines|tummy|tum|insides|guts|corporation|maw|breadbasket|pot|paunch|bingy


word: ABDUCT
russian_word: похищать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈdʌkt
phonetics_text: əbˈdʌkt
example:
the millionaire who disappeared may have been abducted|the posterior rectus muscle, which abducts the eye

definition:
take (someone) away illegally by force or deception; kidnap.|(of a muscle) move (a limb or part) away from the midline of the body or from another part.

synonyms:
kidnap|carry off|seize|capture|run away/off with|make off with|spirit away|hold hostage|hold to ransom|hijack|snatch|shanghai|nobble|ravish|rape

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin abduct- ‘led away’, from the verb abducere, from ab- ‘away, from’ + ducere ‘to lead’.


word: ABELE
russian_word: тополь белый
definition: the white poplar.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbiːl
phonetics_text: əˈbiːl|ˈeɪb(ə)l
origin:
Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin albellus, diminutive of albus ‘white’. The term was reintroduced in the late 16th century from Dutch abeel (from Old French abel ), when specimens were imported from the Netherlands.


word: ABERRANT
russian_word: заблуждающийся
example: this somewhat aberrant behaviour requires an explanation
definition: departing from an accepted standard.
antonyms: normal|typical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbɛr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈbɛr(ə)nt
synonyms:
deviant|deviating|divergent|abnormal|atypical|anomalous|digressive|irregular|nonconformist|rogue|transgressing|strange|odd|peculiar|uncommon|freakish|eccentric|quirky|exceptional|singular|twisted|warped|perverted

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin aberrant- ‘wandering away’, from the verb aberrare, from ab- ‘away, from’ + errare ‘to stray’.


word: ABERRATION
russian_word: аберрация
example: they described the outbreak of violence in the area as an aberration
definition: a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically an unwelcome one.
origin: late 16th century: from Latin aberratio(n- ), from aberrare ‘to stray’ (see aberrant).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌabəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌabəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
anomaly|deviation|divergence|abnormality|irregularity|variation|digression|edge case|freak|rogue|rarity|quirk|oddity|curiosity|mistake|eccentricity|transgression|straying|lapse|aberrancy


word: ABET
russian_word: подстрекать
example: he was not guilty of murder but was guilty of aiding and abetting others
definition: encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular to commit a crime.
antonyms: hinder
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbɛt
phonetics_text: əˈbɛt
synonyms:
assist|aid|help|lend a hand|support|back|encourage|cooperate with|collaborate with|work with|connive with|collude with|go along with|be in collusion with|be hand in glove with|side with|second|endorse|boost|favour|champion|sanction|succour|promote|further|expedite|push|give a push to|connive at|participate in

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘urge to do something good or bad’): from Old French abeter, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + beter ‘hound, urge on’.


word: ABEYANCE
russian_word: состояние неопределенности
example: matters were held in abeyance pending further enquiries
definition: a state of temporary disuse or suspension.
antonyms: in hand|under way|continuing|continue|resume
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbeɪəns
phonetics_text: əˈbeɪəns
synonyms:
suspension|a state of suspension|a state of dormancy|a state of latency|a state of uncertainty|suspense|remission|reserve|pending|suspended|deferred|postponed|put off|put to one side|unattended|unfinished|incomplete|unresolved|undetermined|up in the air|betwixt and between|in cold storage|on ice|on the back burner|hanging fire|suspend|adjourn|interrupt|break off|postpone|delay|defer|shelve|arrest|intermit|prorogue|hold over|put aside|pigeonhole|reschedule|cut short|bring to an end|cease|discontinue|dissolve|disband|terminate|call a halt to|table|put on ice|put on the back burner|mothball|take a rain check on

origin:
late 16th century (in the legal sense): from Old French abeance ‘aspiration to a title’, from abeer ‘aspire after’, from a- ‘towards’ + beer ‘to gape’.


word: ABHOR
russian_word: ненавидят
example: he abhorred sexism in every form
definition: regard with disgust and hatred.
antonyms: love|admire|delight in
origin: late Middle English: from Latin abhorrere, from ab- ‘away from’ + horrere ‘to shudder’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈhɔː
phonetics_text: əbˈhɔː
synonyms:
detest|hate|loathe|despise|abominate|execrate|regard with disgust|shrink from|recoil from|shudder at|be unable to bear|be unable to abide|feel hostility/aversion to|find intolerable|dislike|disdain|have an aversion to|disrelish


word: ABHORRENCE
russian_word: отвращение
example: the thought of marrying him filled her with abhorrence
definition: a feeling of revulsion; disgusted loathing.
antonyms: love|admiration|delight
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈhɒr(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əbˈhɒr(ə)ns
synonyms:
hatred|loathing|detestation|execration|revulsion|abomination|disgust|repugnance|horror|antipathy|odium|aversion|hostility|animosity|enmity|dislike|distaste|disdain|contempt|yuck factor|disrelish|repellence|repellency


word: ABHORRENT
russian_word: отвратительный
example: racism was abhorrent to us all
definition: inspiring disgust and loathing; repugnant.
antonyms: admirable|loved
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əbˈhɒr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əbˈhɒr(ə)nt
synonyms:
detestable|detested|hateful|hated|loathsome|loathed|despicable|despised|abominable|abominated|execrable|execrated|repellent|repugnant|repulsive|revolting|disgusting|distasteful|horrible|horrid|horrifying|awful|heinous|reprehensible|obnoxious|odious|nauseating|offensive|contemptible

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin abhorrent- ‘shuddering away from in horror’, from the verb abhorrere (see abhor).


word: ABIDE
russian_word: соблюдать
antonyms: flout|reject
origin: Old English ābīdan ‘wait’, from ā- ‘onwards’ + bīdan (see bide).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbʌɪd
phonetics_text: əˈbʌɪd
example:
I said I would abide by their decision|if there is one thing I cannot abide it is a lack of discipline|at least one memory will abide

definition:
accept or act in accordance with (a rule, decision, or recommendation).|be unable to tolerate (someone or something).|(of a feeling or memory) continue without fading or being lost.

synonyms:
comply with|obey|observe|follow|keep to|hold to|conform to|adhere to|stick to|stand by|act in accordance with|uphold|heed|pay attention to|agree to/with|consent to|accede to|accept|acquiesce in|go along with|acknowledge|respect|defer to


word: ABIDING
russian_word: соблюдение
example: he had an abiding respect for her
definition: (of a feeling or memory) lasting a long time; enduring.
antonyms: short-lived|ephemeral|transitory
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbʌɪdɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈbʌɪdɪŋ
synonyms:
enduring|lasting|persisting|long-lasting|lifelong|continuing|remaining|surviving|standing|fixed|durable|everlasting|perpetual|eternal|unending|constant|permanent|stable|unchanging|steadfast|immutable


word: ABIGAIL
russian_word: камеристка
definition: a lady's maid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabɪɡeɪl
phonetics_text: ˈabɪɡeɪl
origin:
mid 17th century: from the name of a character in The Scornful Lady by Beaumont and Fletcher, possibly in allusion to 1 Sam. 25: 23–24: ‘And when Abigail saw David, she … fell at his feet, and said, “… hear the words of thine handmaid”.’.


word: ABILITY
russian_word: способность
example: the manager had lost his ability to motivate the players|a man of exceptional ability
antonyms: inability|incapacity
origin: late Middle English: from Old French ablete, from Latin habilitas, from habilis ‘able’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: əˈbɪlɪti
definition:
possession of the means or skill to do something.|talent, skill, or proficiency in a particular area.

synonyms:
capacity|capability|potential|potentiality|power|faculty|aptness|facility|propensity|wherewithal|means|preparedness


word: ABIOGENESIS
russian_word: абиогенез
definition: the original evolution of life or living organisms from inorganic or inanimate substances.
origin: late 19th century: from a-1 ‘not’ + Greek bios ‘life’ + genesis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌeɪbʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌeɪbʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
example:
to construct any convincing theory of abiogenesis, we must take into account the condition of the Earth about 4 billion years ago


word: A BIT
russian_word: немного
example: he came back looking a bit annoyed
definition: somewhat; to some extent.
antonyms: very|extremely
synonyms:
rather|a little|fairly|slightly|somewhat|relatively|quite|to some degree/extent|comparatively|moderately|pretty|sort of|kind of|kinda|a tad|ish


word: ABJECT
russian_word: жалкий
example: his letter plunged her into abject misery|an abject apology
antonyms: proud
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈabdʒɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈabdʒɛkt
definition:
(of something bad) experienced or present to the maximum degree.|(of a person or their behaviour) completely without pride or dignity; self-abasing.

synonyms:
obsequious|grovelling|crawling|creeping|fawning|toadyish|servile|cringing|snivelling|ingratiating|toadying|sycophantic|submissive|craven|humiliating

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘rejected’): from Latin abjectus, past participle of abicere ‘reject’, from ab- ‘away’ + jacere ‘to throw’.


word: ABJURE
russian_word: отрекаться
example: MPs were urged to abjure their Jacobite allegiance
definition: solemnly renounce (a belief, cause, or claim).
origin: late Middle English: from Latin abjurare, from ab- ‘away’ + jurare ‘swear’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈdʒʊə
phonetics_text: əbˈdʒʊə|əbˈdʒɔː
synonyms:
renounce|relinquish|reject|dispense with|forgo|forswear|disavow|abandon|deny|gainsay|disclaim|repudiate|give up|spurn|abnegate|wash one's hands of|drop|do away with|eschew|abstain from|refrain from|kick|jack in|pack in|disaffirm|forsake


word: ABLATIVE
russian_word: аблятивный
example: all nine patients were treated by ablative surgery|the spacecraft's ablative heat shield
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈablətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈablətɪv
definition:
denoting a case (especially in Latin) of nouns and pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them indicating an agent, instrument, or source, expressed by ‘by’, ‘with’, or ‘from’ in English.|(of surgical treatment) involving ablation.|relating to or subject to ablation through melting or evaporation.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ablative (feminine of ablatif ), Latin ablativus, from ablat- ‘taken away’ (see ablation).


word: ABLAUT
russian_word: абляут
example: an ablaut series
origin: mid 19th century: from German, from ab ‘off’ + Laut ‘sound’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈablaʊt
phonetics_text: ˈablaʊt
definition:
alternation in the vowels of related word forms, especially in Germanic strong verbs (e.g. in sing, sang, sung ).


word: ABLAZE
russian_word: в огне
example: his clothes were ablaze
definition: burning fiercely.
antonyms: extinguished|dark
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbleɪz
phonetics_text: əˈbleɪz
synonyms:
alight|aflame|on fire|in flames|flaming|burning|blazing|raging|fiery|lit|lighted|ignited|afire|lit up|gleaming|glowing|aglow|illuminated|brilliant|bright|shining|radiant|shimmering|sparkling|flashing|dazzling|luminous|lustrous|incandescent|passionate|impassioned|aroused|excited|stimulated|eager|animated|incensed|intense|heated|ardent|fervent|frenzied|feverish


word: ABLE
russian_word: в состоянии
example: he was able to read Greek at the age of eight|the dancers were technically very able
antonyms: incompetent|incapable|inept
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈeɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈeɪb(ə)l
definition:
having the power, skill, means, or opportunity to do something.|having considerable skill, proficiency, or intelligence.

synonyms:
allowed to|free to|in a position to|capable of|qualified to|competent to|equal to|up to|fit to|prepared to

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘easy to use, suitable’): from Old French hable, from Latin habilis ‘handy’, from habere ‘to hold’.


word: ABLE-BODIED
russian_word: трудоспособный
example: he was the only able-bodied man on the farm
definition: fit and healthy; not physically disabled.
antonyms: infirm|frail|disabled
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪb(ə)lˈbɒdɪd
phonetics_text: eɪb(ə)lˈbɒdɪd
synonyms:
healthy|fit|in good health|robust|strong|sound|sturdy|vigorous|hardy|hale and hearty|athletic|muscular|strapping|tough|powerful|mighty|rugged|burly|brawny|stalwart|lusty|staunch|in good shape|in good trim|in tip-top condition|in fine fettle|fighting fit|as fit as a fiddle|as fit as a flea|as strong as an ox|husky|buff


word: ABNEGATE
russian_word: отказываться
example: he attempts to abnegate personal responsibility
definition: renounce or reject (something desired or valuable).
antonyms: accept
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈabnɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈabnɪɡeɪt
synonyms:
renounce|reject|refuse|abandon|spurn|abdicate|give up|relinquish|abjure|repudiate|forswear|disavow|cast aside|drop|turn one's back on|wash one's hands of|eschew|forsake

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin abnegat- ‘renounced’, from the verb abnegare, from ab- ‘away, off’ + negare ‘deny’.


word: ABNEGATION
russian_word: отказ
example: abnegation of political power
definition: the action of renouncing or rejecting something.
antonyms: acceptance
origin: Middle English: from Latin abnegatio(n- ), from the verb abnegare (see abnegate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abnɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: abnɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
renunciation|rejection|refusal|abandonment|abdication|surrender|giving up|relinquishment|abjuration|repudiation|denial|eschewal|disavowal|casting aside


word: ABNORMAL
russian_word: ненормальный
example: the illness is recognizable from the patient's abnormal behaviour
definition: deviating from what is normal or usual, typically in a way that is undesirable or worrying.
antonyms: normal|typical|common
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: abˈnɔːm(ə)l
phonetics_text: abˈnɔːm(ə)l
synonyms:
unusual|uncommon|atypical|untypical|non-typical|unrepresentative|rare|isolated|irregular|anomalous|deviant|deviating|divergent|wayward|aberrant|freak|freakish|strange|odd|peculiar|curious|bizarre|weird|queer|eccentric|idiosyncratic|quirky|unexpected|unfamiliar|unconventional|surprising|unorthodox|singular|exceptional|extraordinary|out of the ordinary|out of the way|unnatural|perverse|perverted|twisted|warped|corrupt|unhealthy|distorted|malformed|out of the common|funny|oddball|off the wall|wacky|wacko|way out|freaky|kinky|backasswards

origin:
mid 19th century: alteration (by association with Latin abnormis ‘monstrous’) of 16th-century anormal, from French, variant of anomal, via Latin from Greek anōmalos (see anomalous).


word: ABNORMALITY
russian_word: ненормальность
example: babies with congenital abnormalities
definition: an abnormal feature, characteristic, or occurrence.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abnɔːˈmalɪti
phonetics_text: abnɔːˈmalɪti|abnəˈmalɪti
synonyms:
malformation|deformity|irregularity|flaw|oddity|peculiarity|deviation|aberration|divergence|anomaly|idiosyncrasy|singularity|rarity


word: ABNORMITY
russian_word: уродство
example: tests for abnormities
definition: an abnormal feature, characteristic, or occurrence.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abˈnɔːmɪti
phonetics_text: abˈnɔːmɪti
origin:
mid 18th century: from late Latin abnormitas, from abnormis ‘monstrous’, from ab- ‘away, from’ + norma (see norm).


word: ABODE
russian_word: жилище
example: my humble abode
definition: a place of residence; a house or home.
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘act of waiting’): verbal noun from abide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbəʊd
phonetics_text: əˈbəʊd
synonyms:
home|house|place of residence/habitation|accommodation|habitat|base|seat|quarters|lodgings|rooms|address|location|place|whereabouts|pad|digs|diggings|dwelling|dwelling place|residence|habitation|without a roof over one's head|on the streets|vagrant|living rough|destitute|down and out|derelict|itinerant|sleeping rough


word: ABOLISH
russian_word: отменять
example: the tax was abolished in 1977
definition: formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
antonyms: retain|create
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbɒlɪʃ
phonetics_text: əˈbɒlɪʃ
synonyms:
put an end to|do away with|get rid of|scrap|end|stop|terminate|eradicate|eliminate|exterminate|destroy|annihilate|stamp out|obliterate|wipe out|extinguish|quash|expunge|extirpate|annul|cancel|invalidate|nullify|void|dissolve|erase|delete|rescind|repeal|revoke|overturn|discontinue|remove|withdraw|retract|countermand|excise|drop|jettison|vitiate|abrogate|axe|ditch|junk|scrub|dump|chop|give something the chop|knock something on the head|deracinate

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French aboliss-, lengthened stem of abolir, from Latin abolere ‘destroy’.


word: ABOLITION
russian_word: отмена
example: the abolition of the death penalty
definition: the action of abolishing a system, practice, or institution.
antonyms: retention|creation
origin: early 16th century: from Latin abolitio(n- ), from abolere ‘destroy’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abəˈlɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: abəˈlɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
scrapping|ending|stopping|doing away with|termination|eradication|elimination|extermination|destruction|annihilation|obliteration|quashing|extirpation|annulment|cancellation|invalidation|nullification|dissolution|revocation|repeal|rescindment|overturning|discontinuation|removal|withdrawal|retraction|countermanding|excising|vitiation|abrogation|axing|ditching|junking|scrubbing|dumping|chopping|deracination|rescission


word: ABOMASUM
russian_word: сычуг
origin: late 17th century: modern Latin, from ab- ‘away, from’ + omasum (see omasum).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌabəʊˈmeɪsəm
phonetics_text: ˌabəʊˈmeɪsəm
definition:
the fourth stomach of a ruminant, which receives food from the omasum and passes it to the small intestine.


word: ABOMINABLE
russian_word: отвратительный
example: the uprising was suppressed with abominable cruelty
definition: causing moral revulsion.
antonyms: good|admirable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l
synonyms:
loathsome|detestable|hateful|odious|obnoxious|despicable|contemptible|damnable|cursed|accursed|diabolical|disgusting|revolting|repellent|repulsive|offensive|repugnant|abhorrent|reprehensible|atrocious|horrifying|execrable|foul|vile|wretched|base|miserable|horrible|awful|dreadful|appalling|abysmal|brutal|nauseating|horrid|nasty|disagreeable|unpleasant|distasteful|terrible|shocking|godawful|beastly|chronic

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin abominabilis, from abominari (see abominate). The term was once widely believed to be from ab- ‘away from’ + Latin homine (from homo ‘human being’), thus ‘inhuman, beastly’, and frequently spelled abhominable until the 17th century.


word: ABOMINABLE SNOWMAN
russian_word: снежный человек
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l ˈsnəʊman
phonetics_text: əˌbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l ˈsnəʊman
definition:
a large hairy creature resembling a human or bear, said to live in the highest part of the Himalayas.

origin:
1920s: apparently a mistranslation of an alleged Tibetan name by a journalist interviewing members of a 1921 expedition to Mount Everest; the journalist reported the name as Tibetan metoh kangmi ‘filthy snowman’, whereas the first element was probably a combination of mi ‘person’ and dom ‘black bear’.


word: ABOMINABLY
russian_word: отвратительно
example: he had treated her abominably
definition: very unpleasantly or unfairly.
antonyms: well|admirably
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈbɒmnəbli
phonetics_text: əˈbɒmnəbli
synonyms:
reprehensibly|badly|dreadfully|appallingly|brutally|abysmally|nauseatingly|horridly|nastily|atrociously|horrifyingly|execrably|foully|vilely|wretchedly|miserably|horribly|awfully|disagreeably|unpleasantly|distastefully|hatefully|loathsomely|detestably|odiously|despicably|contemptibly|damnably|diabolically|disgustingly|revoltingly|repellently|repulsively|repugnantly|abhorrently|terribly|shockingly


word: ABOMINATE
russian_word: питать отвращение
example: they abominated the very idea of monarchy
definition: detest; loathe.
antonyms: like|love
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbɒmɪneɪt
phonetics_text: əˈbɒmɪneɪt
synonyms:
detest|loathe|hate|abhor|despise|dislike|execrate|feel aversion/revulsion to|shudder at|recoil from|shrink from|be repelled by|not be able to bear/stand|find intolerable|be unable to stomach

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin abominat- ‘deprecated’, from the verb abominari, from ab- ‘away, from’ + omen, omin- ‘omen’.


word: ABOMINATION
russian_word: мерзость
example: concrete abominations masquerading as hotels
definition: a thing that causes disgust or loathing.
origin: Middle English: from Latin abominatio(n- ), from the verb abominari (see abominate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbɒmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əbɒmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
atrocity|disgrace|horror|obscenity|outrage|curse|torment|evil|crime|monstrosity|violation|bugbear|anathema|bane|bête noire


word: ABORAL
russian_word: аборальная
example: the aboral surface
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: abˈɔːr(ə)l
phonetics_text: abˈɔːr(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting the side or end that is furthest from the mouth, especially in animals that lack clear upper and lower sides such as echinoderms.


word: ABORIGINAL
russian_word: абориген
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin aborigines ‘original inhabitants’ (see aborigine) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: abəˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: abəˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)l
definition:
inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists; indigenous.

synonyms:
indigenous|native|original|earliest|first|initial|ancient|primeval|primordial|autochthonous|autochthonic


word: ABORIGINE
russian_word: абориген
definition: a person, animal, or plant that has been in a country or region from earliest times.
synonyms: native|indigene|aboriginal|local|original inhabitant|autochthon
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abəˈrɪdʒɪniː
phonetics_text: abəˈrɪdʒɪniː
origin:
mid 19th century: back-formation from the 16th-century plural aborigines ‘original inhabitants’ (in classical times referring to those of Italy and Greece), from the Latin phrase ab origine ‘from the beginning’.


word: ABORNING
russian_word: нарождающейся
example: the idea died aborning
definition: while being born or produced.
part_of_speech: adverb|verb
phonetic: əˈbɔːnɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈbɔːnɪŋ
origin:
mid 19th century: from a-  ‘in the process of’ + borning, verbal noun from born (North American dialect usage) ‘to be born’.


word: ABORT
russian_word: выкинуть
example: the decision to abort the fetus|the flight crew aborted the take-off
antonyms: continue|complete|succeed
synonyms: terminate|end|have an abortion
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin aboriri ‘miscarry’, from ab- ‘away, from’ + oriri ‘be born’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈbɔːt
phonetics_text: əˈbɔːt
definition:
carry out or undergo the abortion of (a fetus).|bring to a premature end because of a problem or fault.


word: ABORTION
russian_word: аборт
example: concerns such as abortion and euthanasia
synonyms: termination|miscarriage|feticide
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin abortio(n- ), from aboriri ‘miscarry’ (see abort).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈbɔːʃ(ə)n
definition:
the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy.|an object or undertaking that is unpleasant or badly made or carried out.


word: ABORTIVE
russian_word: абортивный
example: the rebel officers who led the abortive coup were shot|abortive techniques
antonyms: successful|fruitful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbɔːtɪv
phonetics_text: əˈbɔːtɪv
definition:
failing to produce the intended result.|(of a virus infection) failing to produce symptoms.|causing or resulting in abortion.

synonyms:
failed|unsuccessful|non-successful|vain|thwarted|futile|useless|worthless|ineffective|ineffectual|to no effect|inefficacious|fruitless|unproductive|unavailing|to no avail|sterile|nugatory|bootless

origin:
Middle English (as a noun denoting a stillborn child or animal): via Old French from Latin abortivus, from aboriri ‘miscarry’ (see abort).


word: ABOUND
russian_word: изобиловать
example: rumours of a further scandal abound
definition: exist in large numbers or amounts.
antonyms: be scarce|meagre|scanty
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbaʊnd
phonetics_text: əˈbaʊnd
synonyms:
be plentiful|be abundant|be numerous|proliferate|superabound|thrive|flourish|be thick on the ground|grow on trees|be two/ten a penny|abundant|plentiful|superabundant|considerable|copious|ample|lavish|luxuriant|profuse|boundless|munificent|bountiful|prolific|inexhaustible|generous|galore|plenteous

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘overflow, be abundant’): from Old French abunder, from Latin abundare ‘overflow’, from ab- ‘from’ + undare ‘surge’ (from unda ‘a wave’).


word: ABOUT
russian_word: о
example: I was thinking about you|she looked about the room|rugs were strewn about the hall
origin: Old English onbūtan, from on ‘in, on’ + būtan ‘outside of’ (see but2).
part_of_speech: preposition|adverb
phonetic: əˈbaʊt
phonetics_text: əˈbaʊt
definition:
on the subject of; concerning.|used to indicate movement within a particular area.|used to express location in a particular place.

synonyms:
regarding|concerning|with reference to|referring to|with regard to|with respect to|respecting|relating to|on|touching on|dealing with|relevant to|with relevance to|connected with|in connection with|on the subject of|in the matter of|apropos|re|anent


word: ABOVE
russian_word: выше
antonyms: less than|below
origin: Old English abufan (as an adverb), from a- ‘on’ + bufan (from bi ‘by’ + ufan ‘above’).
part_of_speech: preposition|adverb
phonetic: əˈbʌv
phonetics_text: əˈbʌv
example:
a display of fireworks above the town|from his flat above the corner shop|the food was well above average

definition:
in extended space over and not touching.|at a higher level or layer than.|higher than (a specified amount, rate, or norm).

synonyms:
greater than|more than|higher than|exceeding|in excess of|over|over and above|beyond|surpassing|upwards of


word: ABOVE ALL
russian_word: в основном
example: he was concerned above all to speak the truth
definition: more so than anything else.
synonyms:
most importantly|before everything|beyond everything|first of all|most of all|chiefly|primarily|in the first place|first and foremost|mainly|principally|predominantly|especially|essentially|basically|elementally|in essence|at bottom|at the end of the day|when all is said and done


word: ABRACADABRA
russian_word: абракадабра
definition: a word said by conjurors when performing a magic trick.
synonyms: hocus-pocus|open sesame|mumbo jumbo
part_of_speech: exclamation|noun
phonetic: ˌabrəkəˈdabrə
phonetics_text: ˌabrəkəˈdabrə
origin:
late 17th century (as a mystical word engraved and used as a charm to ward off illness): from Latin, first recorded in a 2nd-century poem by Q. Serenus Sammonicus, from a Greek base.


word: ABRADE
russian_word: обдирать
example: it was a landscape slowly abraded by a fine, stinging dust
definition: scrape or wear away by friction or erosion.
origin: late 17th century: from Latin abradere, from ab- ‘away, from’ + radere ‘to scrape’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbreɪd
phonetics_text: əˈbreɪd
synonyms:
wear away/down|wear|erode|scrape away|corrode|eat away at|gnaw away at|bite into|scour|rasp|strip|flay


word: ABRASION
russian_word: истирание
example: the metal is resistant to abrasion
definition: the process of scraping or wearing something away.
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin abrasio(n- ), from the verb abradere (see abrade).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbreɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈbreɪʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
wearing away/down|wearing|erosion|scraping|corrosion|being eaten away|chafing|rubbing|stripping|flaying|excoriation


word: ABRASIVE
russian_word: абразивный
antonyms: kind|gentle
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈbreɪsɪv
phonetics_text: əˈbreɪsɪv
example:
the wood should be rubbed down with fine abrasive paper|her abrasive and arrogant personal style won her few friends

definition:
(of a substance or material) capable of polishing or cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding.|showing little concern for the feelings of others; harsh.

synonyms:
grinding|rubbing|polishing|coarse|coarse-grained|caustic|harsh|mordant|corrosive|corroding|erosive|eroding

origin:
mid 19th century (as a noun): from Latin abras- ‘abraded’, from the verb abradere (see abrade), + -ive.


word: ABREAST
russian_word: в ряд
definition: side by side and facing the same way.|alongside or level with something.
origin: late Middle English: from a-2 ‘in’ + breast.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈbrɛst
phonetics_text: əˈbrɛst
example:
the path was wide enough for two people to walk abreast|the cart came abreast of the Americans in their rickshaw

synonyms:
in a row|side by side|alongside|level|abeam|on a level|beside each other|shoulder to shoulder|cheek by jowl


word: ABRIDGE
russian_word: сокращать
definition: shorten (a piece of writing) without losing the sense.|curtail (a right or privilege).
antonyms: lengthen|expand on|pad out
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbrɪdʒ
phonetics_text: əˈbrɪdʒ
example:
the introduction is abridged from the author's afterword to the novel|even the right to free speech can be abridged

synonyms:
shorten|cut|cut short/down|curtail|truncate|lessen|trim|crop|clip|pare down|prune|abbreviate|condense|contract|compress|reduce|decrease|diminish|shrink|summarize|give a summary of|sum up|abstract|give an abstract of|precis|give a precis of|synopsize|give a synopsis of|digest|give a digest of|outline|give an outline of|sketch|put in a nutshell|edit|epitomize

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘deprive of’): from Old French abregier, from late Latin abbreviare ‘cut short’ (see abbreviate).


word: ABRIDGED
russian_word: сокращенный
example: an abridged text of the speech
definition: (of a piece of writing) having been shortened.
antonyms: lengthened|expanded
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbrɪdʒd
phonetics_text: əˈbrɪdʒd
synonyms:
shortened|cut|cut short|cut down|concise|condensed|contracted|compressed|abbreviated|reduced|decreased|diminished|shrunk|curtailed|truncated|lessened|trimmed|cropped|clipped|pruned|pared down|stripped down|bare-bones|skeleton|summarized|summary|abstracted|precised|synoptic|synopsized|digest|outline|thumbnail|sketch|edited|essential|censored|bowdlerized|expurgated|potted


word: ABROAD
russian_word: за границей
origin: Middle English: from a-2 ‘on’ + broad.
part_of_speech: adverb|noun
phonetic: əˈbrɔːd
phonetics_text: əˈbrɔːd
example:
we usually go abroad for a week in May|millions of seeds are annually scattered abroad|few people ventured abroad from their warm houses

definition:
in or to a foreign country or countries.|in different directions; over a wide area.|out of doors.|wide of the mark; in error.

synonyms:
overseas|out of the country|to/in foreign parts|to/in a foreign country/land|over the sea|beyond the seas


word: ABROGATE
russian_word: аннулировать
definition: repeal or do away with (a law, right, or formal agreement).|evade (a responsibility or duty).
antonyms: institute|introduce
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈabrəɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈabrəɡeɪt
example:
a proposal to abrogate temporarily the right to strike|we believe the board is abrogating its responsibilities to its shareholders

synonyms:
repudiate|revoke|repeal|rescind|overturn|overrule|override|do away with|annul|cancel|break off|invalidate|nullify|void|negate|dissolve|countermand|veto|declare null and void|discontinue|renege on|go back on|backtrack on|reverse|retract|remove|withdraw|abolish|put an end to|get rid of|suspend|end|stop|quash|scrap|disaffirm|avoid|vacate|vitiate|axe|ditch|dump|chop|give something the chop|knock something on the head|deracinate

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin abrogat- ‘repealed’, from the verb abrogare, from ab- ‘away, from’ + rogare ‘propose a law’.


word: ABROGATION
russian_word: отмена
definition: the repeal or abolition of a law, right, or agreement.
antonyms: institution|introduction
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abrəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: abrəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
repudiation|revocation|repeal|rescinding|rescindment|overturning|overruling|overriding|annulment|cancellation|invalidation|nullification|voiding|negation|dissolution|countermanding|vetoing|discontinuation|reversal|retraction|removal|withdrawal|abolition|suspension|ending|stopping|quashing|scrapping|rescission|disaffirmation|avoidance|vitiation|axing|ditching|dumping|chopping|deracination


word: ABRUPT
russian_word: резкий
definition: sudden and unexpected.|brief to the point of rudeness; curt.|steep; precipitous.
antonyms: gradual|unhurried
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbrʌpt
phonetics_text: əˈbrʌpt
example:
I was surprised by the abrupt change of subject|you were rather abrupt with that young man|the abrupt double peak

synonyms:
sudden|immediate|instantaneous|hurried|hasty|quick|swift|rapid|speedy|precipitate|unexpected|surprising|startling|unanticipated|unforeseen|without warning|violent|headlong|breakneck|meteoric

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin abruptus ‘broken off, steep’, past participle of abrumpere, from ab- ‘away, from’ + rumpere ‘break’.


word: ABSCESS
russian_word: абсцесс
example: once the abscesses burst, they usually discharge for several days before gradually healing up
definition: a swollen area within body tissue, containing an accumulation of pus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabsɪs
phonetics_text: ˈabsɪs|ˈabsɛs
synonyms:
ulcer|ulceration|cyst|boil|blister|sore|pustule|carbuncle|pimple|spot|papule|wen|whitlow|vesication|furuncle|canker|plook|inflammation|infection|eruption

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin abscessus ‘a going away’, from the verb abscedere, from ab- ‘away from’ + cedere ‘go’, referring to the elimination of infected matter via the pus.


word: ABSCISSA
russian_word: абсцисса
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abˈsɪsə
phonetics_text: abˈsɪsə
definition:
(in a system of coordinates) the distance from a point to the vertical or y -axis, measured parallel to the horizontal or x -axis; the x -coordinate.

origin:
early 17th century (denoting the part of a line between a point on it and the point of intersection with an ordinate): from modern Latin abscissa (linea) ‘cut-off (line)’, feminine past participle of abscindere (see abscission).


word: ABSCOND
russian_word: скрываться
example: the barman absconded with a week's takings
definition: leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or avoid arrest.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈskɒnd
phonetics_text: əbˈskɒnd|abˈskɒnd
synonyms:
run away|escape|bolt|clear out|flee|make off|take flight|take off|fly|decamp|make a break for it|take to one's heels|make a quick getaway|beat a hasty retreat|show a clean pair of heels|run for it|make a run for it|disappear|vanish|slip away|steal away|sneak away|do a bunk|do a moonlight flit|cut and run|skedaddle|skip|do a runner|head for the hills|fly the coop|take French leave|vamoose|scarper|take a powder|go on the lam

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘hide, conceal oneself’): from Latin abscondere ‘hide’, from ab- ‘away, from’ + condere ‘stow’.


word: ABSEIL
russian_word: спускаться с крутизны на веревке
example: team members had to abseil down sheer cliffs to reach the couple
origin: early 20th century: from German abseilen, from ab ‘down’ + Seil ‘rope’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈabseɪl
phonetics_text: ˈabseɪl|ˈabzʌɪl
definition:
descend a rock face or other near-vertical surface by using a doubled rope coiled round the body and fixed at a higher point.


word: ABSEILING
russian_word: спуск на веревке
example: there are facilities for abseiling and rock climbing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabseɪlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈabseɪlɪŋ
definition:
the sport or activity of descending a rock face or other near-vertical surface by using a doubled rope coiled round the body and fixed at a higher point.


word: ABSENCE
russian_word: отсутствие
example: the letter had arrived during his absence
definition: the state of being away from a place or person.
antonyms: presence|attendance
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin absentia, from absens, absent- (see absent).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈabs(ə)ns
synonyms:
non-attendance|non-appearance|absenteeism|truancy|playing truant|truanting|leave|vacation|sabbatical|holiday|skiving|bunking off|playing hooky|goofing off|ditching|playing the wag|wagging


word: ABSENT
russian_word: отсутствовать
example: most pupils were absent from school at least once|she looked up with an absent smile
antonyms: present
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|preposition
definition:
not present in a place, at an occasion, or as part of something.|(of an expression or manner) showing that someone is not paying attention to what is being said or done.

synonyms:
away|off|out|not present|non-attending|truant|not working|not at work|off duty|on leave|gone|missing|lacking|unavailable|non-existent|in absentia|AWOL|on holiday|bunking off|skiving|wagging

phonetic:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin absens, absent- ‘being absent’, present participle of abesse, from ab- ‘from, away’ + esse ‘to be’.


word: ABSENTLY
russian_word: рассеянно
example: Keira toyed absently with her fork
definition: in an absent-minded way; vaguely.
antonyms: attentively
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈabs(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈabs(ə)ntli
synonyms:
distractedly|inattentively|abstractedly|unheedingly|carelessly|absent-mindedly|on automatic pilot|dreamily|with one's head in the clouds|in a world of one's own|lost in thought|blankly|vacuously


word: ABSINTHE
russian_word: абсент
origin: late Middle English: from French absinthe, via Latin from Greek apsinthion ‘wormwood’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabsɪnθ
phonetics_text: ˈabsɪnθ
definition:
a potent green aniseed-flavoured alcoholic spirit, made with the shrub wormwood.|another term for wormwood (sense 1).


word: ABSOLUTE
russian_word: абсолютный
example: absolute secrecy|absolute moral standards
antonyms: partial|qualified
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈabsəluːt
phonetics_text: ˈabsəluːt
definition:
not qualified or diminished in any way; total.|viewed or existing independently and not in relation to other things; not relative or comparative.|(of a construction) syntactically independent of the rest of the sentence, as in dinner being over, we left the table.

synonyms:
complete|total|utter|out-and-out|outright|entire|perfect|pure|decided|thorough|thoroughgoing|undivided|unqualified|unadulterated|unalloyed|unmodified|unreserved|downright|undiluted|solid|consummate|unmitigated|sheer|arrant|rank|dyed-in-the-wool|plenary|peremptory

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin absolutus ‘freed, unrestricted’, past participle of absolvere (see absolve).


word: ABSOLUTELY
russian_word: абсолютно
antonyms: partially
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈabsəluːtli
phonetics_text: ˈabsəluːtli
example:
she trusted him absolutely|white-collar crime increased both absolutely and in comparison with other categories

definition:
with no qualification, restriction, or limitation; totally.|not viewed in relation to other things.|(of a verb) without a stated object.

synonyms:
completely|totally|utterly|perfectly|entirely|wholly|fully|quite|thoroughly|unreservedly|definitely|certainly|positively|unconditionally|categorically|unquestionably|no doubt|undoubtedly|without (a) doubt|without question|surely|unequivocally|exactly|precisely|decisively|conclusively|manifestly|in every way/respect|one hundred per cent|every inch|to the hilt|dead|autocratically|despotically|dictatorially|tyrannically|tyrannously|in an authoritarian manner|arbitrarily|imperiously|domineeringly|high-handedly|with draconian powers|autonomously|unrestrictedly|supremely|omnipotently|without challenge|without check|without checks and balances|without let or hindrance


word: ABSOLUTION
russian_word: отпущение грехов
example: absolution from the sentence
definition: formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment.
antonyms: punishment
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin absolutio(n- ), from the verb absolvere (see absolve).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: absəˈluːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: absəˈluːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
forgiveness|pardoning|exoneration|remission|dispensation|indulgence|purgation|clemency|mercy|pardon|reprieve|discharge|amnesty|delivery|acquittal|clearing|freedom|liberation|deliverance|release|condoning|vindication|exculpation|let-off|letting off|shrift|shriving


word: ABSOLVE
russian_word: освобождать
example: the pardon absolved them of any crimes
definition: declare (someone) free from guilt, obligation, or punishment.
antonyms: blame|condemn|punish
origin: late Middle English: from Latin absolvere ‘set free, acquit’, from ab- ‘from’ + solvere ‘loosen’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈzɒlv
phonetics_text: əbˈzɒlv
synonyms:
exonerate|discharge|acquit|exculpate|vindicate|release|relieve|liberate|free|deliver|clear|spare|exempt|let off|forgive|pardon|excuse|give amnesty to|give dispensation to|give indulgence to|reprieve|have mercy on|show mercy to


word: ABSORB
russian_word: поглощать
example: buildings can be designed to absorb and retain heat|she sat in an armchair, absorbed in a book
antonyms: exude|give out
synonyms: soak up|suck up|draw up/in|take up/in|blot up|mop up|sponge up|sop up
origin: late Middle English: from Latin absorbere, from ab- ‘from’ + sorbere ‘suck in’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈzɔːb
phonetics_text: əbˈzɔːb|əbˈsɔːb
definition:
take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical action.|take up the attention of (someone); interest greatly.


word: ABSORBANCE
russian_word: спектральная поглощательная способность
example: a plot of absorbance versus wavelength would give a Gaussian curve
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈzɔːb(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əbˈzɔːb(ə)ns|əbˈsɔːb(ə)ns
definition:
a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a specified wavelength. It is equal to the logarithm of the reciprocal of the transmittance.


word: ABSORBING
russian_word: поглощающий
example: an absorbing account of their marriage
definition: intensely interesting; engrossing.
antonyms: boring|uninteresting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əbˈzɔːbɪŋ
phonetics_text: əbˈzɔːbɪŋ|əbˈsɔːbɪŋ
synonyms:
fascinating|interesting|captivating|gripping|engrossing|compelling|compulsive|enthralling|riveting|spellbinding|entrancing|preoccupying|overwhelming|intriguing|thrilling|exciting|unputdownable


word: ABSORPTION
russian_word: поглощение
example: the country's absorption into the Ottoman Empire|her absorption in the problems of the Third World
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈzɔːpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əbˈzɔːpʃ(ə)n|əbˈsɔːpʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.|the state of being engrossed in something.

synonyms:
soaking up|sucking up|drawing up/in|taking up/in|blotting up|mopping up|sponging up|sopping up|osmosis|incorporation|assimilation|integration|appropriation|taking in|subsuming|inclusion|co-opting|swallowing up|reduction|decrease|lessening|softening|deadening|cushioning

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘the swallowing up of something’): from Latin absorptio(n- ), from absorbere ‘swallow up’ (see absorb).


word: ABSTAIN
russian_word: воздерживаться
antonyms: vote
synonyms: not vote|decline/refuse to vote|sit on the fence
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əbˈsteɪn
phonetics_text: əbˈsteɪn
example:
she intends to abstain from sex before marriage|forty-one voted with the Opposition, and some sixty more abstained

definition:
restrain oneself from doing or enjoying something.|formally decline to vote either for or against a proposal or motion.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French abstenir, from Latin abstinere, from ab- ‘from’ + tenere ‘hold’.


word: ABSTEMIOUS
russian_word: умеренный
example: ‘We only had a bottle.’ ‘Very abstemious of you.’
definition: indulging only very moderately in something, especially food and drink.
antonyms: self-indulgent|intemperate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əbˈstiːmɪəs
phonetics_text: əbˈstiːmɪəs
synonyms:
temperate|abstinent|austere|moderate|self-disciplined|self-denying|restrained|self-restrained|non-indulgent|sober|ascetic|puritanical|spartan|strict|severe|self-abnegating|hair-shirt

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin abstemius, (from ab- ‘from’ + a word related to temetum ‘alcoholic drink’) + -ous.


word: ABSTENTION
russian_word: воздержание
antonyms: promiscuity
synonyms: refusal to vote|abstaining|non-voting|sitting on the fence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈstɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əbˈstɛnʃ(ə)n
example:
a resolution passed by 126 votes to none, with six abstentions|alcohol consumption versus abstention

definition:
an instance of declining to vote for or against a proposal or motion.|restraint in one's consumption; abstinence.

origin:
early 16th century (denoting the action of keeping back or restraining): from late Latin abstentio(n- ), from the verb abstinere (see abstain).


word: ABSTINENCE
russian_word: воздержание
example: I started drinking again after six years of abstinence
definition: the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex.
antonyms: promiscuity
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin abstinentia, from the verb abstinere (see abstain).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈabstɪnəns
phonetics_text: ˈabstɪnəns
synonyms:
teetotalism|temperance|sobriety|abstemiousness|abstention|nephalism|celibacy|chastity|singleness|continence|virginity|bachelorhood|spinsterhood|self-restraint|self-denial|refraining|desisting|holding back|forbearing|keeping|withholding|renunciation of|refusal of|declining|avoidance of|eschewal of|abjuration of|shunning|forgoing|going without|doing without


word: ABSTRACT
russian_word: абстрактный
example: abstract concepts such as love or beauty|abstract pictures
antonyms: actual|concrete
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
definition:
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.|relating to or denoting art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but rather seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, colours, and textures.

synonyms:
theoretical|conceptual|notional|intellectual|metaphysical|philosophical|academic|hypothetical|speculative|conjectural|conjectured|suppositional|putative|suppositious|suppositive|ideational

phonetic:
Middle English: from Latin abstractus, literally ‘drawn away’, past participle of abstrahere, from ab- ‘from’ + trahere ‘draw off’.


word: ABSTRACTED
russian_word: рассеянный
example: she seemed abstracted and unaware of her surroundings
definition: lacking concentration on what is happening around one.
antonyms: attentive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əbˈstraktɪd
phonetics_text: əbˈstraktɪd
synonyms:
absent-minded|distracted|preoccupied|absorbed|engrossed|far away|somewhere else|not there|not with us|in a world of one's own|with one's head in the clouds|daydreaming|dreamy|inattentive|thoughtful|pensive|lost in thought|deep in thought|immersed in thought|wool-gathering|in a brown study|musing|brooding|absent|distrait|heedless|oblivious|miles away


word: ABSTRACTION
russian_word: абстракция
antonyms: attention
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈstrakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əbˈstrakʃ(ə)n
example:
topics will vary in degrees of abstraction|geometric abstraction has been a mainstay in her work|she sensed his momentary abstraction|the question cannot be considered in abstraction from the historical context in which it was raised|the abstraction of water from springs and wells

definition:
the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.|freedom from representational qualities in art.|a state of preoccupation.|the process of considering something independently of its associations or attributes.|the process of removing something, especially water from a river or other source.

synonyms:
absent-mindedness|distraction|preoccupation|daydreaming|dreaminess|inattentiveness|inattention|wool-gathering|absence|heedlessness|obliviousness|thoughtfulness|pensiveness|musing|brooding|absorption|engrossment|raptness

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin abstractio(n- ), from the verb abstrahere ‘draw away’ (see abstract).


word: ABSTRACTOR
russian_word: референт
example: we require an abstractor for our new research and development centre
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abˈstraktə
phonetics_text: abˈstraktə
definition:
a person who analyses or summarizes information, in particular a person whose job is to collect and maintain data or records.


word: ABSTRUSE
russian_word: заумный
example: an abstruse philosophical inquiry
definition: difficult to understand; obscure.
antonyms: clear|obvious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əbˈstruːs
phonetics_text: əbˈstruːs
synonyms:
obscure|arcane|esoteric|little known|recherché|rarefied|recondite|difficult|hard|puzzling|perplexing|enigmatic|inscrutable|cryptic|Delphic|complex|complicated|involved|over/above one's head|incomprehensible|unfathomable|impenetrable|mysterious|involute|involuted

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin abstrusus ‘put away, hidden’, from abstrudere ‘conceal’, from ab- ‘from’ + trudere ‘to push’.


word: ABSURD
russian_word: абсурд
example: the allegations are patently absurd
definition: wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate.
antonyms: reasonable|sensible
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əbˈsəːd
phonetics_text: əbˈsəːd
synonyms:
preposterous|ridiculous|ludicrous|farcical|laughable|risible|idiotic|stupid|foolish|silly|inane|imbecilic|insane|hare-brained|unreasonable|irrational|illogical|nonsensical|pointless|senseless|outrageous|shocking|astonishing|monstrous|fantastic|incongruous|grotesque|unbelievable|incredible|unthinkable|implausible|crazy|barmy|daft

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin absurdus ‘out of tune’, hence ‘irrational’; related to surdus ‘deaf, dull’.


word: ABSURDISM
russian_word: абсурдизм
example: the absurdism of the Dada movement
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈsəːdɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: əbˈsəːdɪz(ə)m
definition:
intentionally ridiculous or bizarre behaviour or character.|the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless, chaotic universe.


word: ABSURDIST
russian_word: абсурда
example: a delightful piece of absurdist nonsense
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əbˈsəːdɪst
phonetics_text: əbˈsəːdɪst
definition:
intentionally ridiculous or bizarre; surreal.|relating to or supporting the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless, chaotic universe.


word: ABSURDITY
russian_word: нелепость
example: Duncan laughed at the absurdity of the situation
definition: the quality or state of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable.
antonyms: reasonableness|sense
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘dissonance’): from Latin absurditas, from absurdus (see absurd).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əbˈsəːdɪti
phonetics_text: əbˈsəːdɪti
synonyms:
preposterousness|ridiculousness|ludicrousness|absurdness|farcicality|risibility|idiocy|stupidity|foolishness|folly|silliness|inanity|insanity|unreasonableness|irrationality|illogicality|nonsensicality|pointlessness|senselessness|incongruity|craziness


word: ABUNDANCE
russian_word: изобилие
example: the tropical island boasts an abundance of wildlife
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbʌnd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈbʌnd(ə)ns
definition:
a very large quantity of something.|(in solo whist) a bid by which a player undertakes to make nine or more tricks.

origin:
Middle English: from Latin abundantia, from abundant- ‘overflowing’, from the verb abundare (see abound).


word: ABUNDANT
russian_word: обильный
example: there was abundant evidence to support the theory
definition: existing or available in large quantities; plentiful.
antonyms: scarce|sparse
origin: late Middle English: from Latin abundant- ‘abounding’, from the verb abundare (see abound).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbʌnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈbʌnd(ə)nt
synonyms:
plentiful|copious|ample|profuse|rich|lavish|liberal|generous|bountiful|large|huge|great|bumper|overflowing|superabundant|infinite|inexhaustible|opulent|prolific|teeming|in plenty|in abundance|a gogo|galore|lank|bounteous|plenteous|abound|be plentiful|be numerous|exist in abundance|proliferate|be thick on the ground|grow on trees|be two/ten a penny


word: ABUNDANTLY
russian_word: обильно
example: the plant grows abundantly in the wild
definition: in large quantities; plentifully.
antonyms: sparsely
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈbʌnd(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: əˈbʌnd(ə)ntli
synonyms:
copiously|plentifully|amply|profusely|exuberantly|prolifically|luxuriantly|in profusion|in abundance|in great quantity|in large quantities|in plenty|aplenty|in huge numbers|freely|extensively|everywhere|all over the place|bounteously|plenteously


word: ABUSE
russian_word: злоупотребление
antonyms: look after
synonyms: misuse|misapply|misemploy|mishandle|exploit|pervert|take advantage of
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the judge abused his power by imposing the fines|riders who abuse their horses should be prosecuted|the referee was abused by players from both teams

definition:
use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse.|treat with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly.|speak to (someone) in an insulting and offensive way.

phonetic:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin abus- ‘misused’, from the verb abuti, from ab- ‘away’ (i.e. ‘wrongly’) + uti ‘to use’.


word: ABUSIVE
russian_word: оскорбительный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbjuːsɪv
phonetics_text: əˈbjuːsɪv
example:
the goalkeeper was sent off for using abusive language|abusive parents|the abusive and predatory practices of businesses

definition:
extremely offensive and insulting.|engaging in or characterized by habitual violence and cruelty.|involving injustice or illegality.

synonyms:
insulting|rude|vulgar|offensive|disparaging|belittling|derogatory|disrespectful|denigratory|uncomplimentary|pejorative|vituperative|disdainful|derisive|scornful|contemptuous|defamatory|slanderous|libellous|scurrilous|blasphemous|scolding|castigatory|reproving|reproachful|bitchy|contumelious


word: ABUT
russian_word: примыкать
example: gardens abutting Great Prescott Street
definition: (of a building or an area of land) be next to or have a common boundary with.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈbʌt
phonetics_text: əˈbʌt
origin:
late Middle English: the sense ‘have a common boundary’ from Anglo-Latin abuttare, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + Old French but ‘end’; the sense ‘lean upon’ (late 16th century) from Old French abouter, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + bouter ‘strike, butt’, of Germanic origin.


word: ABYSMAL
russian_word: ужасный
example: the quality of her work is abysmal|waterfalls that plunge into abysmal depths
definition: extremely bad; appalling.|very deep.
antonyms: superb
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈbɪzm(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈbɪzm(ə)l
synonyms:
very bad|dreadful|awful|terrible|frightful|atrocious|disgraceful|deplorable|shameful|woeful|hopeless|lamentable|laughable|substandard|poor|inadequate|inferior|unsatisfactory|rotten|appalling|crummy|pathetic|pitiful|useless|lousy|shocking|dire|the pits|duff|chronic|a load of pants|pants|poxy|chickenshit

origin:
mid 17th century (used literally as in abysmal (sense 2)): from abysm. abysmal (sense 1) dates from the early 19th century.


word: ABYSS
russian_word: пропасть
example: a rope led down into the dark abyss
definition: a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm.
synonyms: chasm|gorge|ravine|canyon|fissure|rift|crevasse|gap|hole|gulf|pit|depth|cavity|void|bottomless pit
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈbɪs
phonetics_text: əˈbɪs
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘infernal pit’): via late Latin from Greek abussos ‘bottomless’, from a- ‘without’ + bussos ‘depth’.


word: ACACIA
russian_word: акация
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek akakia .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkeɪʃə
phonetics_text: əˈkeɪʃə|əˈkeɪsɪə
definition:
a tree or shrub of warm climates which bears spikes or clusters of yellow or white flowers and is typically thorny.


word: ACADEMIC
russian_word: академический
example: academic achievement|the debate has been largely academic
definition: relating to education and scholarship.|not of practical relevance; of only theoretical interest.
antonyms: practical
origin: mid 16th century: from French académique or medieval Latin academicus, from academia (see academy).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: akəˈdɛmɪk
phonetics_text: akəˈdɛmɪk
synonyms:
educational|scholastic|instructional|pedagogical|school|college|collegiate|university|scholarly|studious|literary|well read|intellectual|clever|erudite|learned|educated|cultured|bookish|highbrow|pedantic|donnish|cerebral|serious|brainy|lettered


word: ACADEMY
russian_word: академия
example: a police academy|the Royal Academy of Arts
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkadəmi
phonetics_text: əˈkadəmi
definition:
a place of study or training in a special field.|a society or institution of distinguished scholars and artists or scientists that aims to promote and maintain standards in its particular field.

synonyms:
educational institution|training establishment|centre of learning|school|college|university|institute|seminary|conservatory|conservatoire|polytechnic

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the garden where Plato taught): from French académie or Latin academia, from Greek akadēmeia, from Akadēmos, the hero after whom Plato's garden was named.


word: ACANTHUS
russian_word: аканф
origin: mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek akanthos, from akantha ‘thorn’, from akē ‘sharp point’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkanθəs
phonetics_text: əˈkanθəs
definition:
a herbaceous plant or shrub with bold flower spikes and spiny decorative leaves, found in warm regions of the Old World.


word: ACCA
russian_word: АССА
example: he staked £5 on a 14-team acca that stung the betting company for £39,130
origin: early 21st century: short for accumulator.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakə
phonetics_text: ˈakə
definition:
a bet placed on a series of sports events, the winnings and stake from each being placed on the next; an accumulator.


word: ACCELERATE
russian_word: ускорять
example: the car accelerated towards her
definition: (especially of a vehicle) begin to move more quickly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əkˈsɛləreɪt
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛləreɪt
origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘hasten the occurrence of’): from Latin accelerat- ‘hastened’, from the verb accelerare, from ad- ‘towards’ + celer ‘swift’.


word: ACCELERATION
russian_word: ускорение
example: the three-litre model has spectacular acceleration
definition: a vehicle's capacity to gain speed.
antonyms: deceleration|slowing down
origin: late 15th century: from Latin acceleratio(n- ), from accelerare ‘hasten’ (see accelerate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əksɛləˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əksɛləˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
speeding up|increasing speed|increase in speed|gain in momentum|gathering speed|opening up|rate of change of velocity


word: ACCENTUAL
russian_word: тонический
example: accentual verse has continued to flourish in a wide range of popular songs
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: akˈsɛn(t)ʃʊəl
phonetics_text: akˈsɛn(t)ʃʊəl
definition:
relating to or involving accent or stress in speech, especially emphasis given to a syllable or word.


word: ACCENTUATE
russian_word: акцентировать
example: his jacket unfortunately accentuated his paunch
definition: make more noticeable or prominent.
antonyms: mask|divert attention from
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əkˈsɛntʃʊeɪt
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛntʃʊeɪt|əkˈsɛntjʊeɪt
synonyms:
focus attention on|bring/call/draw attention to|point up|underline|underscore|accent|highlight|spotlight|foreground|feature|give prominence to|make more prominent|make more noticeable|play up|bring to the fore|heighten|stress|emphasize|put/lay emphasis on

origin:
mid 18th century: from medieval Latin accentuat- ‘accented’, from the verb accentuare, from accentus ‘tone’ (see accent).


word: ACCEPT
russian_word: принимать
example: he accepted a pen as a present|this tentative explanation came to be accepted by the men
antonyms: refuse|reject|turn down
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əkˈsɛpt
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛpt
definition:
consent to receive or undertake (something offered).|believe or come to recognize (a proposition) as valid or correct.

synonyms:
receive|agree to receive|welcome|take|take receipt of|get|gain|obtain|acquire|come by|take on|take up|undertake|tackle|take on oneself|shoulder|bear|assume|manage|take responsibility for|be responsible for|engage in|become involved in|take part in|participate in|devote oneself to|concentrate on|address oneself to|go about|set about|approach|handle|get down to|deal with|get to grips with|launch into|enter on|begin|start|embark on|venture on|turn one's hand to|get cracking on|have a crack/go/shot/stab at|give something a whirl|commence

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin acceptare, frequentative of accipere ‘take something to oneself’, from ad- ‘to’ + capere ‘take’.


word: ACCEPTABLE
russian_word: приемлемый
definition: able to be agreed on; suitable.|able to be tolerated or allowed.
antonyms: unacceptable|undesirable
synonyms: bearable|tolerable|allowable|admissible|supportable|sustainable|justifiable|defensible|defendable
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin acceptabilis, from acceptare (see accept).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əkˈsɛptəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛptəb(ə)l
example:
the electoral arrangements must be acceptable to the people|pollution in the city had reached four times the acceptable level


word: ACCEPTANCE
russian_word: принятие
origin: mid 16th century: from Old French, from accepter (see accept).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əkˈsɛpt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛpt(ə)ns
example:
charges involving the acceptance of bribes|you must wait for acceptance into the village|acceptance of the teaching of the Church

definition:
the action of consenting to receive or undertake something offered.|the process or fact of being received as adequate, valid, or suitable.|agreement with or belief in an idea or explanation.

synonyms:
receipt|receiving|taking|obtaining|acquiring|undertaking|taking on|assumption|tackling|yes|affirmative reply|affirmation|confirmation|ratification


word: ACCESS
russian_word: доступ
example: the staircase gives access to the top floor|I was suddenly overcome with an access of rage
definition: the means or opportunity to approach or enter a place.|an attack or outburst of an emotion.
synonyms: entrance|entry|way in|means of entry|ingress|approach|means of approach
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈaksɛs
phonetics_text: ˈaksɛs
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘sudden attack of illness’): from Latin accessus, from the verb accedere ‘to approach’ (see accede). access (sense 1 of the noun) is first recorded in the early 17th century.


word: ACCESSION
russian_word: вступление
example: the Queen's accession to the throne|the day-to-day work of cataloguing new accessions
synonyms: succession|elevation|assumption of|attainment of|inheritance of
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əkˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power.|a new item added to an existing collection of books, paintings, or artefacts.

origin:
late 16th century (in the general sense ‘something added’): from Latin accessio(n- ), from the verb accedere ‘approach, come to’ (see accede).


word: ACCESSORIZE
russian_word: аксессуарами
example: sequinned catsuits were accessorized with cork-heeled shoes
definition: decorate or augment (something, especially a garment) with a fashion accessory.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əkˈsɛsərʌɪz
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛsərʌɪz
synonyms:
complement|supplement|add to|augment|enhance|set off|show off|go with|suit|beautify|pretty (up)|dress up|decorate|adorn|grace|ornament|embellish|trim|garnish|bedeck|deck (out)|festoon|bedizen|furbelow


word: ACCESSORY
russian_word: аксессуар
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: əkˈsɛs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: əkˈsɛs(ə)ri
example:
optional accessories include a battery charger and shoulder strap|she was charged as an accessory to murder

definition:
a thing which can be added to something else in order to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive.|someone who gives assistance to the perpetrator of a crime without taking part in it.

synonyms:
attachment|extra|addition|add-on|retrofit|adjunct|appendage|appurtenance|(additional) component|fitment|supplement

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin accessorius ‘additional thing’, from Latin access- ‘increased’, from the verb accedere (see accede).


word: ACCIDENT
russian_word: авария
example: he had an accident at the factory|the pregnancy was an accident
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈaksɪd(ə)nt
definition:
an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.|an event that happens by chance or that is without apparent or deliberate cause.|(in Aristotelian thought) a property of a thing which is not essential to its nature.

synonyms:
mishap|misfortune|misadventure|mischance|unfortunate incident|injury|disaster|tragedy|catastrophe|contretemps|calamity|blow|trouble|problem|difficulty|casualty

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘an event’): via Old French from Latin accident- ‘happening’, from the verb accidere, from ad- ‘towards, to’ + cadere ‘to fall’.


word: ACCIDENTAL
russian_word: случайный
example: a verdict of accidental death|the location is accidental and contributes nothing to the poem
antonyms: intentional|planned
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: aksɪˈdɛnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: aksɪˈdɛnt(ə)l
definition:
happening by chance, unintentionally, or unexpectedly.|incidental; subsidiary.|(in Aristotelian thought) relating to or denoting properties which are not essential to a thing's nature.

synonyms:
fortuitous|chance|occurring by chance/accident|adventitious|fluky|coincidental|casual|serendipitous|random|aleatory|unexpected|unforeseen|unanticipated|unlooked-for|unintentional|unintended|inadvertent|involuntary|unplanned|unpremeditated|unthinking|unmeant|unwitting|unknowing|unconscious|subconscious|mistaken|misguided

origin:
late Middle English (in accidental (sense 2 of the adjective and sense 3 of the adjective)): from late Latin accidentalis, from Latin accident- ‘happening’ (see accident).


word: ACCIDENTALLY
russian_word: случайно
example: his gun went off accidentally
definition: by chance; inadvertently.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: aksɪˈdɛnt(ə)li
phonetics_text: aksɪˈdɛnt(ə)li
synonyms:
fortuitously|by accident|by chance|by a mere chance|by a twist of fate|adventitiously|as luck would have it|by a fluke|flukily|coincidentally|by coincidence|serendipitously|by a happy chance|by good fortune|by a piece of luck|unexpectedly|unintentionally|inadvertently|involuntarily|unpremeditatedly|unthinkingly|unwittingly|unknowingly|unconsciously|subconsciously|unawares|by mistake|mistakenly|misguidedly|by happenstance


word: ACCIDENT-PRONE
russian_word: невезучий
example: he's always been accident-prone
definition: tending to be involved in a greater than average number of accidents.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaksɪd(ə)ntprəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈaksɪd(ə)ntprəʊn
synonyms:
clumsy|bumbling|bungling|fumbling|inept|maladroit|unskilful|inexpert|unhandy|like a bull in a china shop|all thumbs|all fingers and thumbs|cack-handed|ham-fisted|ham-handed|butterfingered|with two left feet|klutzy


word: ACCIPITER
russian_word: сокол
origin: from Latin, ‘hawk, bird of prey’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: akˈsɪpɪtə
phonetics_text: akˈsɪpɪtə
definition:
a hawk of a group distinguished by short, broad wings and relatively long legs, adapted for fast flight in wooded country.


word: ACCIPITRINE
russian_word: ястребиный
origin: mid 19th century: from French, from Latin accipiter ‘bird of prey’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: akˈsɪpɪtrʌɪn
phonetics_text: akˈsɪpɪtrʌɪn
definition:
relating to or denoting birds of a family that includes most diurnal birds of prey other than falcons, New World vultures, and the osprey.


word: ACCLAIM
russian_word: возгласы одобрения
example: the conference was acclaimed as a considerable success
definition: praise enthusiastically and publicly.
antonyms: criticize|criticized|unsung|obscure
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈkleɪm
phonetics_text: əˈkleɪm
synonyms:
praise|applaud|cheer|commend|express approval of|approve|express admiration for|welcome|pay tribute to|speak highly of|eulogize|compliment|congratulate|celebrate|sing the praises of|praise to the skies|rave about|go into raptures about/over|heap praise on|wax lyrical about|say nice things about|make much of|pat on the back|take one's hat off to|salute|throw bouquets at|lionize|exalt|admire|hail|toast|flatter|adulate|vaunt|extol|glorify|honour|hymn|clap|crack someone/something up|big someone/something up|ballyhoo|cry someone/something up|emblazon|laud|panegyrize|proclaim|announce|declare|pronounce|hail as|celebrated|admired|highly rated|lionized|revered|honoured|esteemed|exalted|lauded|vaunted|much touted|well thought of|well received|acknowledged|eminent|venerable|august|great|renowned|distinguished|prestigious|illustrious|pre-eminent|estimable|of note|noted|notable|of repute|of high standing|considerable

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘express approval’): from Latin acclamare, from ad- ‘to’ + clamare ‘to shout’. The change in the ending was due to association with claim. Current senses date from the 17th century.


word: ACCLAMATION
russian_word: аккламация
example: the tackle brought the supporters to their feet in acclamation
definition: loud and enthusiastic approval.
antonyms: criticism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌakləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
praise|applause|cheers|ovation|tribute|accolade|acclaim|salutes|plaudits|approval|admiration|approbation|congratulations|commendation|welcome|flattery|kudos|adulation|homage|compliment|a pat on the back|eulogy|encomium|panegyric|bouquets|laurels|testimonial|extolment|laudation|eulogium|shouting|calling out|oral vote|shouts|without a vote|without a ballot|by popular demand

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin acclamatio(n- ), from acclamare ‘shout at’, later ‘shout in approval’ (see acclaim).


word: ACCLIMATIZATION
russian_word: акклиматизация
definition: the process or result of becoming accustomed to a new climate or to new conditions.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌklʌɪmətʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˌklʌɪmətʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the most important feature of acclimatization to high altitude is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing

synonyms:
adjustment|adaptation|attunement|accommodation|habituation|familiarization|acclimation|acculturation|inurement|hardening|seasoning|conditioning|assimilation|integration|domestication|naturalization


word: ACCLIMATIZE
russian_word: акклиматизироваться
example: it's unknown whether people will acclimatize to increasingly warm weather
definition: become accustomed to a new climate or new conditions; adjust.
origin: early 19th century: from French acclimater ‘acclimatize’ + -ize.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈklʌɪmətʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈklʌɪmətʌɪz
synonyms:
adjust|adapt|attune|accustom|get (someone) accustomed|get (someone) used|accommodate|habituate|assimilate|acculturate|become inured|harden|condition|reconcile|become resigned|resign oneself|find one's way around|come to terms with|come to accept|learn to live with|integrate|domesticate|find one's feet|get one's bearings|become naturalized|become seasoned|acclimate


word: ACCOLADE
russian_word: акколада
example: the hotel has won numerous accolades
synonyms: honour|recognition|privilege|award|gift|title|prize|laurels|bays|palm
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakəleɪd
phonetics_text: ˈakəleɪd|ˌakəˈleɪd
definition:
an award or privilege granted as a special honour or as an acknowledgement of merit.|a touch on a person's shoulders with a sword at the bestowing of a knighthood.

origin:
early 17th century: from French, from Provençal acolada, literally ‘embrace around the neck (when bestowing knighthood)’, from Latin ad- ‘at, to’ + collum ‘neck’.


word: ACCOMMODATE
russian_word: вмещать
example: the cottages accommodate up to six people|any language must accommodate new concepts
antonyms: hinder
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkɒmədeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈkɒmədeɪt
definition:
(of a building or other area) provide lodging or sufficient space for.|fit in with the wishes or needs of.

synonyms:
lodge|house|put up|billet|quarter|board|take in|provide shelter for|shelter|give a bed to|harbour|make room for|give accommodation to|provide with accommodation|provide accommodation for|hold|take|fit|seat|have room for

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin accommodat- ‘made fitting’, from the verb accommodare, from ad- ‘to’ + commodus ‘fitting’.


word: ACCOMMODATING
russian_word: любезный
example: we always found the our local branch most accommodating
definition: willing to fit in with someone's wishes or needs.
antonyms: unobliging|disobliging
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkɒmədeɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈkɒmədeɪtɪŋ
synonyms:
obliging|cooperative|helpful|eager to help/please|adaptable|amenable|pliable|compliant|complaisant|indulgent|considerate|unselfish|generous|civil|willing|polite|kindly|hospitable|neighbourly|kind|friendly|pleasant|agreeable|decent


word: ACCOMMODATION
russian_word: жилье
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əkɒməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əkɒməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
they were living in temporary accommodation|the prime minister was seeking an accommodation with Labour|accommodation to a separate political entity was not possible

definition:
a room, group of rooms, or building in which someone may live or stay.|a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise.|the process of adapting or adjusting to someone or something.

synonyms:
housing|lodging(s)|living quarters|quarters|rooms|chambers|place|place to stay|billet|shelter|board|a roof over one's head|digs|pad|abode|residence|place of residence|dwelling|dwelling place|habitation

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin accommodatio(n- ), from accommodare ‘fit one thing to another’ (see accommodate).


word: ACCOMMODATIVE
russian_word: услужливый
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkɒmədeɪtɪv
phonetics_text: əˈkɒmədeɪtɪv
example:
she was understanding, patient, accommodative, and always had a solution to all problems|that monetary policy is extraordinarily accommodative|the lens is thought to be able to restore the accommodative ability

definition:
willing to fit in with someone's wishes or needs.|intended to stimulate economic activity by lowering interest rates.|relating to or affecting the automatic adjustment of the focus of the eye.


word: ACCOMPANIMENT
russian_word: сопровождение
example: she sang to a guitar accompaniment|these biscuits are a lovely accompaniment to tea
synonyms: backing|support|background|soundtrack|comp|ripieno|obbligato|organum
origin: early 18th century: from French accompagnement, from accompagner ‘accompany’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈkʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt
definition:
a musical part which supports or partners an instrument, voice, or group.|something that supplements or complements something else.


word: ACCOMPANY
russian_word: сопровождать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkʌmpəni
phonetics_text: əˈkʌmpəni
example:
the two sisters were to accompany us to London|the illness is often accompanied by nausea|he would play his violin, and Mother used to accompany him on our organ

definition:
go somewhere with (someone) as a companion or escort.|be present or occur at the same time as (something else).|play a musical accompaniment for.

synonyms:
go with|go along with|travel with|keep someone company|tag along with|partner|escort|chaperone|attend|follow|conduct|lead|take|show|see|guide|steer|usher|pilot|convoy|help|assist|show someone the way|lead the way|chum|company|bear someone company|companion

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French accompagner, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + compagne, from Old French compaignon ‘companion’. The spelling change was due to association with company.


word: ACCOMPLICE
russian_word: сообщник
example: an accomplice in the murder
definition: a person who helps another commit a crime.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkʌmplɪs
phonetics_text: əˈkʌmplɪs|əˈkɒmplɪs
synonyms:
abetter|accessory|partner in crime|associate|confederate|collaborator|fellow conspirator|co-conspirator|henchman|conniver

origin:
mid 16th century: alteration (probably by association with accompany) of Middle English complice  ‘an associate’, via Old French from late Latin complex, complic- ‘allied’, from com- ‘together’ + the root of plicare ‘to fold’.


word: ACCOMPLISH
russian_word: выполнять
example: the planes accomplished their mission
definition: achieve or complete successfully.
antonyms: fail in|give up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkʌmplɪʃ
phonetics_text: əˈkʌmplɪʃ|əˈkɒmplɪʃ
synonyms:
fulfil|achieve|succeed in|realize|attain|manage|bring about|bring off|carry out|carry off|carry through|execute|conduct|effect|fix|engineer|perform|do|perpetrate|discharge|complete|finish|consummate|conclude|effectuate

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French acompliss-, lengthened stem of acomplir, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + complere ‘to complete’.


word: ACCOMPLISHED
russian_word: осуществляется
example: an accomplished pianist
definition: highly trained or skilled in a particular activity.
antonyms: incompetent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkʌmplɪʃt
phonetics_text: əˈkʌmplɪʃt|əˈkɒmplɪʃt
synonyms:
expert|skilled|skilful|masterly|virtuoso|master|consummate|proficient|talented|gifted|adept|adroit|deft|dexterous|able|good|competent|capable|efficient|experienced|seasoned|trained|practised|professional|polished|well versed|versed|smart|clever|ingenious|ready|apt|handy|artful|magnificent|brilliant|splendid|marvellous|impressive|excellent|formidable|outstanding|first-class|first-rate|fine|deadly|great|mean|wicked|nifty|crack|ace|a dab hand at|crackerjack|badass|wizard|compleat|habile|shit-hot


word: ACCOMPLISHMENT
russian_word: достижение
example: the reduction of inflation was a remarkable accomplishment
definition: something that has been achieved successfully.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkʌmplɪʃm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈkʌmplɪʃm(ə)nt|əˈkɒmplɪʃm(ə)nt
synonyms:
achievement|act|deed|exercise|exploit|performance|attainment|effort|feat|manoeuvre|operation|move|stunt|stratagem|coup|master stroke|stroke of genius|triumph


word: ACCORD
russian_word: соглашение
example: the powers accorded to the head of state|his views accorded well with those of Merivale
antonyms: withhold|remove
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈkɔːd
phonetics_text: əˈkɔːd
definition:
give or grant someone (power, status, or recognition).|(of a concept or fact) be harmonious or consistent with.

synonyms:
give|grant|tender|present|award|hand|vouchsafe|concede|yield|cede|confer on|bestow on|vest in|put in someone's hands|invest with|endow with|entrust with|favour with

origin:
Old English, from Old French acorder ‘reconcile, be of one mind’, from Latin ad- ‘to’ + cor, cord- ‘heart’; influenced by concord.


word: ACCORDANCE
russian_word: соответствие
example: there is good accordance between the values
definition: conformity or agreement.
origin: Middle English: from Old French acordance, from acorder ‘bring to an agreement’ (see accord).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkɔːd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈkɔːd(ə)ns
synonyms:
in agreement with|in conformity with|in line with|commensurate with|in compliance with|true to|in fulfilment of|in obedience to|in the spirit of|following|honouring|heeding|observing


word: ACCORDINGLY
russian_word: соответственно
definition: in a way that is appropriate to the particular circumstances.|as a result; therefore.
antonyms: inappropriately
synonyms: appropriately|correspondingly|suitably|fitly|duly|consistently|properly|correctly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈkɔːdɪŋli
phonetics_text: əˈkɔːdɪŋli
example:
we have to discover what his plans are and act accordingly|there was no breach of the rules; accordingly, there will be no disciplinary inquiry


word: ACCOST
russian_word: приставать
example: reporters accosted him in the street
definition: approach and address (someone) boldly or aggressively.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkɒst
phonetics_text: əˈkɒst
synonyms:
speak to|talk to|call to|shout to|hail|initiate a discussion with|address|approach|waylay|take aside|detain|stop|halt|grab|catch|confront|importune|solicit|buttonhole|collar|nobble

origin:
late 16th century (originally in the sense ‘lie or go alongside’): from French accoster, from Italian accostare, from Latin ad- ‘to’ + costa ‘rib, side’.


word: ACCOUNT
russian_word: счет
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈkaʊnt
phonetics_text: əˈkaʊnt
example:
a detailed account of what has been achieved|the barman was doing his accounts|a bank account|we've reset your password to prevent others from accessing your account|money was of no account to her

definition:
a report or description of an event or experience.|a record or statement of financial expenditure and receipts relating to a particular period or purpose.|an arrangement by which a body holds funds on behalf of a client or supplies goods or services to them on credit.|an arrangement by which a user is given personalized access to a computer, website, or application, typically by entering a username and password.|importance.

synonyms:
description|report|version|story|narration|narrative|statement|news|explanation|exposition|interpretation|communiqué|recital|rendition|sketch|delineation|portrayal|tale|chronicle|history|record|archive|annal|minute|transaction|proceeding|transcript|diary|journal|weblog|blog|vlog|moblog|memoir|review|register|log|relation|rehearsal|side|view|impression|sitrep

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘counting’, ‘to count’): from Old French acont (noun), aconter (verb), based on conter ‘to count’.


word: ACCOUNTABLE
russian_word: подотчетный
antonyms: unaccountable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkaʊntəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈkaʊntəb(ə)l
example:
ministers are accountable to Parliament|the delayed introduction of characters' names is accountable, if we consider that names have a low priority

definition:
required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible.|able to be explained or understood.

synonyms:
responsible|liable|answerable|chargeable|to blame|reporting|subject|under the charge of|bound to obey|obeying|bound by


word: ACCOUNT FOR
russian_word: отвечать
example:
I had to account for every penny I spent|a mishit drive accounted for Jones, who had scored 32|social security accounts for about a third of total public spending

definition:
give a satisfactory record of something, typically money, that one is responsible for.|succeed in killing, destroying, or defeating.|supply or make up a specified amount or proportion.

synonyms:
dispose of|finish off|make an end of|deal with|put paid to|take care of|clear up|mop up|eliminate|kill|destroy|dispatch|put out of action|incapacitate


word: ACCREDIT
russian_word: аккредитовать
antonyms: ban
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkrɛdɪt
phonetics_text: əˈkrɛdɪt
example:
he was accredited with being one of the world's fastest sprinters|institutions that do not meet the standards will not be accredited for teacher training|no journalist accredited to the UN has ever been expelled

definition:
give credit to (someone) for something.|(of an official body) give authority or sanction to (someone or something) when recognized standards have been met.|give official authorization for (someone, typically a diplomat or journalist) to be in a particular place or to hold a particular post.

synonyms:
recognize as|credit with|have something ascribed to one|receive the credit for|be given the credit for|ascribe|attribute|chalk up|lay at the door of

origin:
early 17th century (in accredit (sense 2)): from French accréditer, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + crédit ‘credit’.


word: ACCRETE
russian_word: сросшийся
example: ice that had accreted grotesquely into stalactites
definition: grow by accumulation or coalescence.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkriːt
phonetics_text: əˈkriːt
origin:
late 18th century: from Latin accret- ‘grown’, from the verb accrescere, from ad- ‘to’ + crescere ‘grow’.


word: ACCRETION
russian_word: аккреция
example: the accretion of sediments in coastal mangroves
definition: growth or increase by the gradual accumulation of additional layers or matter.
origin: early 17th century: from Latin accretio(n- ), from accrescere ‘become larger’ (see accrete).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkriːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈkriːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
accumulation|collecting|gathering|amassing|cumulation|accrual|growth|formation|enlargement|increase|gain|augmentation|rise|mushrooming|snowballing|amassment


word: ACCRUE
russian_word: нарастать
example: financial benefits will accrue from restructuring
definition: (of a benefit or sum of money) be received by someone in regular or increasing amounts over time.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkruː
phonetics_text: əˈkruː
synonyms:
result|arise|follow|ensue|emanate|stem|spring|flow|be caused by|be brought about by|be produced by|originate in|attend|accompany|be consequent on

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French acreue, past participle of acreistre ‘increase’, from Latin accrescere ‘become larger’ (see accrete).


word: ACCUMULATE
russian_word: накопить
example: investigators have yet to accumulate enough evidence
definition: gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of.
antonyms: dissipate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkjuːmjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: əˈkjuːmjʊleɪt
synonyms:
gather|collect|assemble|amass|stockpile|pile up|heap up|rack up|run up|scrape together|store (up)|hoard|cumulate|lay in/up|garner|mass|increase|multiply|accrue|snowball|tot up|stash (away)

origin:
late 15th century: from Latin accumulat- ‘heaped up’, from the verb accumulare, from ad- ‘to’ + cumulus ‘a heap’.


word: ACCURACY
russian_word: точность
example: we have confidence in the accuracy of the statistics
definition: the quality or state of being correct or precise.
antonyms: inaccuracy|inexactness|looseness|waywardness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakjʊrəsi
phonetics_text: ˈakjʊrəsi
synonyms:
correctness|precision|exactness|rightness|perfection|validity|unambiguousness|authority|reliability|factuality|literalness|fidelity|faithfulness|closeness|truth|truthfulness|veracity|authenticity|realism|verisimilitude|fairness|carefulness|strictness|conscientiousness|punctiliousness|thoroughness|scrupulousness|rigour|veridicality|scrupulosity|meticulousness


word: ACCURATE
russian_word: точный
example: accurate information about the illness is essential|reliable, accurate rifles
antonyms: inaccurate|inexact|loose
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈakjʊrət
phonetics_text: ˈakjʊrət
definition:
(especially of information, measurements, or predictions) correct in all details; exact.|(with reference to a weapon, missile, or shot) capable of or successful in reaching the intended target.

synonyms:
correct|precise|exact|right|errorless|error-free|without error|faultless|perfect|valid|specific|detailed|minute|explicit|clear-cut|word for word|unambiguous|meticulous|authoritative|reliable|canonical|spot on|bang on|on the money|factual|fact-based|literal|faithful|close|true|truthful|veracious|true to life|telling it like it is|as it really happened|lifelike|authentic|realistic|fair|convincing|careful|word-perfect|strict|conscientious|punctilious|painstaking|thorough|scrupulous|rigorous|on the mark|on the beam|on the nail|on the button|verisimilar|veristic|veridical

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin accuratus ‘done with care’, past participle of accurare, from ad- ‘towards’ + cura ‘care’.


word: ACCURATELY
russian_word: точно
example: we are simply unable to predict long-term trends accurately
definition: in a way that is correct in all details; exactly.
antonyms: inaccurately|inexactly|loosely|waywardly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈakjərətli
phonetics_text: ˈakjərətli
synonyms:
correctly|precisely|exactly|right|without error|faultlessly|perfectly|validly|specifically|in detail|minutely|explicitly|word for word|unambiguously|meticulously|authoritatively|reliably|spot on|bang on|on the money|factually|literally|faithfully|closely|truly|truthfully|veraciously|like it is|as it really happened|authentically|realistically|fairly|convincingly|carefully|strictly|conscientiously|punctiliously|painstakingly|thoroughly|scrupulously|rigorously|veridically|with precise aim|on target|unerringly


word: ACCURSED
russian_word: отвратительный
example: the Angel of Death walks this accursed house|this accursed country!
definition: under a curse.|used to express strong dislike of or anger at someone or something.
antonyms: blessed
origin: Middle English: past participle of accurse.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkəːsɪd
phonetics_text: əˈkəːsɪd|əˈkəːst
synonyms:
cursed|under a curse|damned|doomed|condemned|ill-fated|ill-omened|jinxed|wretched|blighted|anathematized


word: ACCUSATION
russian_word: обвинение
example: accusations of bribery
definition: a charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: akjʊˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: akjʊˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
allegation|charge|claim|assertion|asseveration|attribution|incrimination|imputation|denouncement|indictment|arraignment|citation|inculpation|blame|condemnation|criticism|complaint|suit|lawsuit|plaint|impeachment|bill of indictment|beef

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin accusatio(n- ), from accusare ‘call to account’ (see accuse).


word: ACCUSATIVE
russian_word: винительный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈkjuːzətɪv
phonetics_text: əˈkjuːzətɪv
definition:
(in Latin, Greek, German, and some other languages) denoting a case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives which expresses the object of an action or the goal of motion.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin ( casus) accusativus, literally ‘relating to an accusation or (legal) case’, translating Greek (ptōsis) aitiatikē ‘(the case) showing cause’.


word: ACCUSE
russian_word: обвинять
example: he was accused of murdering his wife's lover
definition: charge (someone) with an offence or crime.
antonyms: absolve|clear|exonerate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkjuːz
phonetics_text: əˈkjuːz
synonyms:
charge with|indict for|arraign for|take to court for|put on trial for|bring to trial for|prosecute for|summons|cite|make accusations about|lay charges against|file charges against|prefer charges against|impeach for|inculpate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French acuser, from Latin accusare ‘call to account’, from ad- ‘towards’ + causa ‘reason, motive, lawsuit’.


word: ACCUSTOM
russian_word: приучать
example: I accustomed my eyes to the lenses
definition: make someone or something accept (something) as normal or usual.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkʌstəm
phonetics_text: əˈkʌstəm
synonyms:
adapt|adjust|acclimatize|attune|habituate|accommodate|assimilate|acculturate|inure|harden|condition|reconcile|become resigned|resign|get used to|come to terms with|come to accept|learn to live with|make familiar with|become acquainted with|find one's feet|get one's bearings|blend in|fit in|acclimate

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French acostumer, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + costume ‘custom’.


word: ACCUSTOMED
russian_word: привыкший
example: his accustomed route
definition: customary; usual.
antonyms: unusual|unaccustomed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkʌstəmd
phonetics_text: əˈkʌstəmd
synonyms:
customary|usual|normal|habitual|familiar|regular|routine|ordinary|typical|traditional|conventional|established|common|general|standard|prevailing|confirmed|fixed|set|settled|stock|wonted


word: ACE
russian_word: туз
example: the ace of diamonds|a motorcycle ace|Nadal banged down eight aces in the set
antonyms: amateur
origin: Middle English (denoting the ‘one’ on dice): via Old French from Latin as ‘unity, a unit’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: eɪs
phonetics_text: eɪs
definition:
a playing card with a single spot on it, ranked as the highest card in its suit in most card games.|a person who excels at a particular sport or other activity.|(in tennis and similar games) a service that an opponent is unable to return and thus wins a point.

synonyms:
expert|master|genius|virtuoso|maestro|professional|adept|past master|doyen|champion|star|winner|wunderkind|demon|pro|wizard|hotshot|whizz|wiz|ninja|dab hand|maven|crackerjack


word: ACEPHALOUS
russian_word: безголовый
example: an acephalous skeleton
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪˈsɛf(ə)ləs
phonetics_text: eɪˈsɛf(ə)ləs|eɪˈkɛf(ə)ləs
definition:
not having a head.|(typically of a hexameter beginning with a short syllable) lacking a syllable or syllables in the first foot.

origin:
mid 18th century: via medieval Latin from Greek akephalos ‘headless’ (from a- ‘without’ + kephalē ‘head’) + -ous.


word: ACERBIC
russian_word: терпкий
example: his acerbic wit
definition: (especially of a comment or style of speaking) sharp and forthright.|tasting sour or bitter.
antonyms: mild|kind
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin acerbus ‘sour-tasting’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsəːbɪk
phonetics_text: əˈsəːbɪk
synonyms:
sharp|sarcastic|sardonic|satirical|scathing|cutting|razor-edged|incisive|penetrating|piercing|biting|stinging|searing|keen|caustic|trenchant|bitter|acrimonious|astringent|harsh|severe|devastating|abrasive|wounding|hurtful|unkind|cruel|vitriolic|virulent|mordant|venomous|waspish|poisonous|spiteful|vicious|malicious|acerb|bitchy|catty|sarky|snarky|mordacious|acidulous


word: ACETABULUM
russian_word: вертлужная впадина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌasɪˈtabjʊləm
phonetics_text: ˌasɪˈtabjʊləm
definition:
the socket of the hip bone, into which the head of the femur fits.|any cup-shaped structure, especially a sucker.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a vinegar cup, hence a cup-shaped cavity): from Latin, from acetum ‘vinegar’ + -abulum, denoting a container.


word: ACETATE
russian_word: ацетат
example: acetate silk
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasɪteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈasɪteɪt
definition:
a salt or ester of acetic acid, containing the anion CH3COO− or the group —OOCCH3.|cellulose acetate, especially as used to make textile fibres or plastic.


word: ACETONE
russian_word: ацетон
origin: mid 19th century: from acetic acid + -one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasɪtəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈasɪtəʊn
definition:
a colourless volatile liquid ketone made by oxidizing isopropanol, used as an organic solvent and synthetic reagent.


word: ACETYLATE
russian_word: ацетилировать
definition: introduce an acetyl group into (a molecule or compound).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsɛtɪleɪt
phonetics_text: əˈsɛtɪleɪt
example:
the enzymes show no evidence of having increased the efficiency with which they acetylate their substrates


word: ACETYLENE
russian_word: ацетилен
origin: mid 19th century: from acetic acid + -yl + -ene.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛtɪliːn
phonetics_text: əˈsɛtɪliːn
definition:
a colourless pungent-smelling hydrocarbon gas, which burns with a bright flame, used in welding and formerly in lighting.


word: ACETYLIDE
russian_word: ацетилид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛtɪlʌɪd
phonetics_text: əˈsɛtɪlʌɪd
definition:
a compound formed from acetylene and a metal, containing the anion (C≡C)2− or HC≡C−. Acetylides are typically unstable or explosive.


word: ACHALASIA
russian_word: ахалазия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakəˈleɪzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌakəˈleɪzɪə
definition:
a condition in which the muscles of the lower part of the oesophagus fail to relax, preventing food from passing into the stomach.

origin:
early 20th century: from a-1 ‘without, not’ + Greek khalasis ‘loosening’ (from khalan ‘relax’) + -ia1.


word: ACHIEVE
russian_word: достигать
example: he achieved his ambition to become a press photographer
definition: successfully bring about or reach (a desired objective or result) by effort, skill, or courage.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈtʃiːv
phonetics_text: əˈtʃiːv
synonyms:
attain|reach|arrive at|realize|carry off|bring off|pull off|bring about|accomplish|carry through|fulfil|execute|perform|engineer|carry out|bring to fruition|conclude|complete|finish|consummate|earn|win|gain|find|establish|acquire|obtain|procure|come by|get|secure|clinch|seize|wrest|hook|net|wrap up|polish off|bag|wangle|swing|effectuate|reify

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘complete successfully’): from Old French achever ‘come or bring to a head’, from a chief ‘to a head’.


word: ACHIEVEMENT
russian_word: достижение
example: to reach this stage is a great achievement|the achievement of professional recognition
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtʃiːvm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈtʃiːvm(ə)nt
definition:
a thing done successfully with effort, skill, or courage.|the process or fact of achieving something.|a representation of a coat of arms with all the adjuncts to which a bearer of arms is entitled.

synonyms:
attainment|reaching|gaining|winning|acquirement|procurement|realization|accomplishment|fulfilment|fulfilling|carrying out|carrying through|effecting|implementation|execution|performance|engineering|conclusion|concluding|completion|completing|close|closing|finishing|consummation|success|fruition|winding up|effectuation|reification|feat|undertaking|act|action|deed|effort|exploit|manoeuvre|operation|enterprise|work|handiwork|creation|triumph|positive result|coup|master stroke|stroke of genius


word: ACHIEVER
russian_word: успевающий ученик
example: his children are achievers destined to follow an exacting academic route
definition: a person who achieves a high or specified level of success.
antonyms: loser|failure
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtʃiːvə
phonetics_text: əˈtʃiːvə
synonyms:
performer|doer|worker|succeeder|high achiever|activist|man of action|woman of action|entrepreneur|success|high-flyer|go-getter|success story|whizz kid|powerhouse|fireball|human dynamo|wheeler-dealer|live wire|tiger|giant


word: ACHILLEA
russian_word: Тысячелистник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakɪˈliːə
phonetics_text: ˌakɪˈliːə|aˈkɪlɪə
definition:
a Eurasian and North African plant of a genus that includes the yarrow, typically having heads of small white or yellow flowers and fernlike leaves.

origin:
via Latin from Greek Akhilleios, denoting a plant supposed to have been used medicinally by Achilles.


word: ACHING
russian_word: болящий
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈeɪkɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈeɪkɪŋ
example:
the cool air was a relief to my aching head|I write this letter with tears in my eyes and an aching heart

definition:
having an ache in a part of one's body.|arousing, experiencing, or expressive of intense sorrow or longing.


word: ACHIRAL
russian_word: ахиральный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪˈkʌɪr(ə)l
phonetics_text: eɪˈkʌɪr(ə)l
definition:
(chiefly of a molecule) symmetric in such a way that it can be superimposed on its mirror image; not chiral.


word: ACHONDROPLASIA
russian_word: ахондроплазия
origin: late 19th century: from a-1 ‘without’ + Greek khondros ‘cartilage’ + plasis ‘moulding’ + -ia1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌkɒndrə(ʊ)ˈpleɪzɪə
phonetics_text: əˌkɒndrə(ʊ)ˈpleɪzɪə|eɪˌkɒndrə(ʊ)ˈpleɪzɪə
definition:
a hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones by ossification of cartilage is retarded, resulting in very short limbs and sometimes a face which is small in relation to the skull.


word: ACIDOPHILIC
russian_word: ацидофильный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌasɪdə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪk
phonetics_text: ˌasɪdə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪk|əˌsɪdə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪk
definition:
(of a cell or its contents) readily stained with acid dyes.|(of a microorganism or plant) growing best in acidic conditions.


word: ACINAR
russian_word: ацинозный
example: pancreatic acinar tissue|the acinar lung zone
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈasɪnə
phonetics_text: ˈasɪnə
definition:
relating to the acinus, a small saclike cavity in a gland.|relating to or denoting a region of the lung supplied with air from one of the terminal bronchioles.


word: ACINUS
russian_word: ацинус
origin: mid 18th century: Latin, literally ‘a kernel’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasɪnəs
phonetics_text: ˈasɪnəs
definition:
a small saclike cavity in a gland, surrounded by secretory cells.|a region of the lung supplied with air from one of the terminal bronchioles.


word: ACKEE
russian_word: аки
origin: late 18th century: from Kru ākee .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaki
phonetics_text: ˈaki
definition:
a tropical West African tree which is cultivated for its fruit and has been introduced into the Caribbean and elsewhere.


word: ACKNOWLEDGE
russian_word: признавать
antonyms: reject|deny
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əkˈnɒlɪdʒ
phonetics_text: əkˈnɒlɪdʒ
example:
the plight of the refugees was acknowledged by the authorities|the art world has begun to acknowledge his genius|she refused to acknowledge my presence

definition:
accept or admit the existence or truth of.|recognize the importance or quality of.|show that one has noticed or recognized (someone) by making a gesture or greeting.

synonyms:
admit|accept|grant|allow|concede|confess|own|appreciate|recognize|realize|be aware of|be conscious of|subscribe to|approve (of)|agree to|accede to|concur with|acquiesce in|go along with|respect|cooperate with|bow to|take on board|be wise to|cognize

origin:
late 15th century: from the obsolete Middle English verb knowledge, influenced by obsolete acknow ‘acknowledge, confess’.


word: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
russian_word: признание
antonyms: denial
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əkˈnɒlɪdʒm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əkˈnɒlɪdʒm(ə)nt
example:
there was no acknowledgement of the family's trauma|the reproduction on page 50 wasn't mentioned in the acknowledgements

definition:
acceptance of the truth or existence of something.|recognition of the importance or quality of something.|a statement printed at the beginning of a book expressing the author's or publisher's gratitude to others.

synonyms:
acceptance|admission|granting|allowing|concession|confession|appreciation|recognition|realization|awareness|cognizance|knowledge|approval of|acquiescence in|agreement with|concurrence with|respect for|cooperation with


word: ACME
russian_word: вершина
example: physics is the acme of scientific knowledge
definition: the point at which something is at its best or most highly developed.
antonyms: nadir|bottom|lowest point
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakmi
phonetics_text: ˈakmi
synonyms:
peak|pinnacle|zenith|highest point|high point|crown|crest|summit|top|tip|apex|apogee|climax|culmination|height|maximum|optimum|extremity|limit|upper limit|crowning point|prime|flower|flowering|bloom|blooming|highlight|high noon

origin:
late 16th century: from Greek akmē ‘highest point’. Until the 18th century it was often consciously used as a Greek word and written in Greek letters.


word: ACOLYTE
russian_word: псаломщик
definition: a person assisting a priest in a religious service or procession.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakəlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈakəlʌɪt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French acolyt or ecclesiastical Latin acolytus, from Greek akolouthos ‘follower’.


word: ACONITE
russian_word: аконит
origin: mid 16th century: via French and Latin from Greek akoniton .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakənʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈakənʌɪt
definition:
a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, bearing hooded pink or purple flowers and found in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.|a small herbaceous Eurasian plant, cultivated for its yellow flowers in early spring.


word: ACORN
russian_word: желудь
definition: the fruit of the oak tree, a smooth oval nut in a rough cup-shaped base.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪkɔːn
phonetics_text: ˈeɪkɔːn
origin:
Old English æcern, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch aker, also to acre, later associated with oak and corn1.


word: ACQUAINT
russian_word: познакомить
example: new staff should be acquainted with fire exit routes
definition: make someone aware of or familiar with.
antonyms: unfamiliar|ignorant
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkweɪnt
phonetics_text: əˈkweɪnt
synonyms:
familiarize|make familiar|make conversant|get/keep up to date|accustom to|make known to|make aware of|inform of|advise of|apprise of|brief as to|give information about|enlighten|keep posted|let know|prime on|ground in|instruct in|teach in|educate in|school in|indoctrinate in|initiate into|give the low-down on|give a rundown of|fill in on|clue up about|clue in on|put in the picture about|keep up to speed with|gen up on|give the gen about|familiar|conversant|at home|up to date|up|well versed in|knowledgeable about|well informed about|cognizant in|apprised of|abreast of|no stranger to|au fait|au courant|well up on|in the know about|plugged in to|genned up on|clued in on|wise to|hip to

origin:
Middle English: from Old French acointier ‘make known’, from late Latin accognitare, from Latin accognoscere, from ad- ‘to’ + cognoscere ‘come to know’.


word: ACQUAINTANCE
russian_word: знакомство
example: the pupils had little acquaintance with the language|a wide circle of friends and acquaintances
definition: knowledge or experience of something.|a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkweɪnt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈkweɪnt(ə)ns
synonyms:
familiarity|conversance|conversancy|contact|acquaintanceship|knowledge of|experience of|awareness of|understanding of|comprehension of|cognizance of|grasp of|proficiency in|skill in|expertise in|insight into|know-how

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘mutual knowledge, being acquainted’): from Old French acointance, from acointier ‘make known’ (see acquaint).


word: ACQUIESCE
russian_word: уступать
example: Sara acquiesced in his decision
definition: accept something reluctantly but without protest.
antonyms: forbid
origin: early 17th century: from Latin acquiescere, from ad- ‘to, at’ + quiescere ‘to rest’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌakwɪˈɛs
phonetics_text: ˌakwɪˈɛs
synonyms:
permit|consent to|agree to|allow|assent to|give one's consent to|accept|concur with|give one's assent to|give one's blessing to|say yes to|give the nod to|give one's approval to|comply with|conform to|abide by|respect|stand by|cooperate with|tolerate|brook|give in to|bow to|yield to|submit to|go along with|give the go-ahead to|give the thumbs up to|OK|okay|give the green light to|say the word|suffer


word: ACQUIESCENCE
russian_word: молчаливое согласие
example: in silent acquiescence, she rose to her feet
definition: the reluctant acceptance of something without protest.
antonyms: refusal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakwɪˈɛsns
phonetics_text: ˌakwɪˈɛsns
synonyms:
consent|agreement|acceptance|accession|concurrence|approval|seal of approval|approbation|assent|leave|permission|blessing|sanction|compliance|conforming|conformity|adherence|respect|accord|accordance|conceding|concession|deference|yielding|bowing|submission|surrender|obedience|OK|say-so|go-ahead|green light|thumbs up|nod|abidance|permit


word: ACQUIESCENT
russian_word: уступчивый
example: his acquiescent mood
definition: ready to accept something without protest, or to do what someone else wants.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: akwɪˈɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: akwɪˈɛs(ə)nt
synonyms:
compliant|complying|consenting|cooperative|willing|obliging|agreeable|amenable|tractable|persuadable|easily persuaded|pliant|flexible|easy|unprotesting|resigned|submissive|servile|subservient|obsequious|ingratiating|toadying|Uriah Heepish|self-effacing|unassertive|yielding|biddable|docile|deferential|respectful|bootlicking|obeisant|persuasible|suasible|convincible|susceptive|longanimous|resistless

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin acquiescent- ‘remaining at rest’, from the verb acquiescere (see acquiesce).


word: ACQUIRE
russian_word: приобретать
example: I managed to acquire all the books I needed|you must acquire the rudiments of Greek
definition: buy or obtain (an asset or object) for oneself.|learn or develop (a skill, habit, or quality).
antonyms: lose|part with
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkwʌɪə
phonetics_text: əˈkwʌɪə
synonyms:
obtain|come by|come to have|get|receive|gain|earn|win|come into|come in for|take possession of|take receipt of|be given|buy|purchase|procure|possess oneself of|secure|gather|collect|pick up|appropriate|amass|build up|hook|net|land|achieve|attain|get one's hands on|get one's mitts on|get hold of|grab|bag|score|swing|nab|collar|cop

origin:
late Middle English acquere, from Old French aquerre, based on Latin acquirere ‘get in addition’, from ad- ‘to’ + quaerere ‘seek’. The English spelling was modified ( c.  1600) by association with the Latin word.


word: ACQUIREMENT
russian_word: приобретение
example: the acquirement of self control
definition: the action of acquiring something.
antonyms: loss
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkwʌɪəm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈkwʌɪəm(ə)nt
synonyms:
acquisition|acquiring|obtaining|gaining|earning|winning|securing|procuring|procurement|collecting|collection|appropriation|amassing


word: ACQUISITION
russian_word: приобретение
example: the legacy will be used for new acquisitions|the acquisition of management skills
synonyms: purchase|accession|addition|asset|buy|investment|possession|accretion|property|goods
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌakwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
an asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.|the learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘act of acquiring something’): from Latin acquisitio(n- ), from the verb acquirere (see acquire).


word: ACQUISITIVE
russian_word: стяжательский
example: we live in a competitive and acquisitive society
definition: excessively interested in acquiring money or material things.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkwɪzɪtɪv
phonetics_text: əˈkwɪzɪtɪv
synonyms:
greedy|hoarding|covetous|avaricious|possessive|grasping|grabbing|predatory|avid|rapacious|mercenary|materialistic|money-oriented|money-grubbing|money-grabbing|on the make|grabby|hungry|quaestuary|Mammonish|Mammonistic

origin:
mid 19th century: from French acquisitif, -ive, from late Latin acquisitivus . from Latin acquisit- ‘acquired’, from the verb acquirere (see acquire).


word: ACQUISITIVENESS
russian_word: стяжательство
example: this aggressive merchandising encourages acquisitiveness among children
definition: excessive interest in acquiring money or material things.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkwɪzɪtɪvnɪs
phonetics_text: əˈkwɪzɪtɪvnɪs
synonyms:
greed|greediness|covetousness|cupidity|possessiveness|grasping|graspingness|grabbing|avarice|avidity|predatoriness|rapaciousness|rapacity|voracity|voraciousness|mercenariness|materialism|money-grubbing|money-grabbing|grabbiness|Mammonism


word: ACQUIT
russian_word: оправдать
example: she was acquitted on all counts|the goalkeeper acquitted himself well
antonyms: convict
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈkwɪt
phonetics_text: əˈkwɪt
definition:
free (someone) from a criminal charge by a verdict of not guilty.|conduct oneself or perform in a specified way.

synonyms:
absolve|clear|exonerate|exculpate|declare innocent|find innocent|pronounce not guilty|discharge|release|liberate|emancipate|free|set free|deliver|spare|exempt|dismiss|vindicate|let someone off (the hook)

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘pay a debt, discharge a liability’): from Old French acquiter, from medieval Latin acquitare ‘pay a debt’, from ad- ‘to’ + quitare ‘set free’.


word: ACQUITTAL
russian_word: оправдание
example: the trial resulted in an acquittal
definition: a judgement or verdict that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged.
antonyms: conviction
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈkwɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈkwɪt(ə)l
synonyms:
absolution|clearing|exoneration|exculpation|declaration of innocence|discharge|release|freeing|liberation|deliverance|vindication|let-off|letting off


word: ACRIMONIOUS
russian_word: желчный
example: an acrimonious dispute about wages
definition: (typically of speech or discussion) angry and bitter.
origin: early 17th century (in the sense ‘bitter, pungent’): from acrimony + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌakrɪˈməʊnɪəs
phonetics_text: ˌakrɪˈməʊnɪəs
synonyms:
bitter|rancorous|caustic|acerbic|scathing|sarcastic|acid|harsh|sharp|razor-edged|cutting|astringent|trenchant|mordant|virulent|spiteful|vicious|crabbed|vitriolic|savage|hostile|hate-filled|venomous|poisonous|nasty|ill-natured|mean|malign|malicious|malignant|waspish|pernicious|splenetic|irascible|choleric|bitchy|catty|slashing|acidulous|mordacious|envenomed|squint-eyed


word: ACRIMONY
russian_word: язвительность
example: the AGM dissolved into acrimony
definition: bitterness or ill feeling.
antonyms: goodwill
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakrɪməni
phonetics_text: ˈakrɪməni
synonyms:
bitterness|rancour|resentment|ill feeling|ill will|bad blood|animosity|hostility|enmity|antagonism|irascibility|waspishness|spleen|malice|spitefulness|crabbedness|causticity|sarcasm|venom|poison|viciousness|nastiness|harshness|sharpness|acerbity|virulence|astringency|grudge|grievance

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘bitter taste or smell’): from French acrimonie or Latin acrimonia, from acer, acri- ‘pungent, acrid’.


word: ACROBAT
russian_word: акробат
definition: an entertainer who performs spectacular gymnastic feats.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakrəbat
phonetics_text: ˈakrəbat
synonyms:
tumbler|gymnast|rope walker|tightrope walker|wire walker|balancer|trapeze artist|stuntman|stuntwoman|equilibrist|aerialist|funambulist

origin:
early 19th century: from French acrobate, from Greek akrobatēs, from akrobatos ‘walking on tiptoe’, from akron ‘tip’ + bainein ‘to walk’.


word: ACROBATICS
russian_word: акробатика
example: she sealed the title with a powerful display of acrobatics and tumbling
definition: spectacular gymnastic feats.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: akrəˈbatɪks
phonetics_text: akrəˈbatɪks
synonyms:
gymnastics|gymnastic feats|gymnastic skills|tumbling|balancing|nimbleness|tightrope walking|rope walking|wire walking|stunts|agility|skill|funambulism


word: ACROMEGALY
russian_word: акромегалия
origin: late 19th century: coined in French from Greek akron ‘tip, extremity’ + megas, megal- ‘great’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakrə(ʊ)ˈmɛɡəli
phonetics_text: ˌakrə(ʊ)ˈmɛɡəli
definition:
abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.


word: ACROSS
russian_word: через
example: I ran across the street|they lived across the street from one another
synonyms: to the other side of|over|covering|everywhere on|on all parts of
part_of_speech: preposition|adverb
phonetic: əˈkrɒs
phonetics_text: əˈkrɒs
definition:
from one side to the other of (a place, area, etc.).|expressing position or orientation in relation to (an area or passage).

origin:
Middle English (as an adverb meaning ‘in the form of a cross’): from Old French a croix, en croix ‘in or on a cross’, later regarded as being from a-2 + cross.


word: ACT
russian_word: акт
antonyms: do nothing
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: akt
phonetics_text: akt
example:
they urged Washington to act|they challenged a man who was seen acting suspiciously|blood samples are analysed to find out how the drug acts in the body|she acted in her first professional role at the age of six

definition:
take action; do something.|behave in the way specified.|take effect; have a particular effect.|perform a role in a play, film, or television.

synonyms:
take action|take steps|take measures|take the initiative|move|make a move|react|do something|proceed|go ahead|make progress|make headway|be active|be employed|be busy|get moving

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin actus ‘event, thing done’, act- ‘done’, from the verb agere, reinforced by the French noun acte .


word: ACTANT
russian_word: активного вещества
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaktənt
phonetics_text: ˈaktənt
definition:
a noun or noun phrase involved in the action expressed by a verb.|(in literary theory) a person, creature, or object playing any of a set of active roles in a narrative.


word: ACTIN
russian_word: актин
origin: 1940s: from Greek aktis, aktin- ‘ray’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaktɪn
phonetics_text: ˈaktɪn
definition:
a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cell.


word: ACTING
russian_word: действующий
example: she studied acting in New York
definition: the art or occupation of performing fictional roles in plays, films, or television.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈaktɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈaktɪŋ
synonyms:
drama|the theatre|the stage|the performing arts|dramatic art|dramatics|dramaturgy|stagecraft|theatricals|theatrics|the thespian art|show business|performing|performance|portraying|portrayal|playing a role|appearing on stage|the boards|treading the boards|show biz|thespianism|histrionics


word: ACTINIDE
russian_word: актинид
origin: 1940s: from actinium + -ide, on the pattern of lanthanide .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaktɪnʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈaktɪnʌɪd
definition:
any of the series of fifteen metallic elements from actinium (atomic number 89) to lawrencium (atomic number 103) in the periodic table. They are all radioactive, the heavier members being extremely unstable and not of natural occurrence.


word: ACTINOMYCETE
russian_word: актиномицет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaktɪnə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪsiːt
phonetics_text: ˌaktɪnə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪsiːt
definition:
a bacterium of an order that typically has a non-motile filamentous form. They include the economically important streptomycetes, and were formerly regarded as fungi.

origin:
1920s (originally only in the plural): modern Latin, from Greek aktis, aktin- ‘ray’ + mukētes, plural of mukēs ‘fungus’.


word: ACTION
russian_word: действие
antonyms: do nothing
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin actio(n- ), from agere ‘do, act’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈakʃ(ə)n
example:
ending child labour will require action on many levels|she frequently questioned his actions|the weapon has a smooth action|servicemen listed as missing in action during the war|a civil action for damages

definition:
the fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.|a thing done; an act.|the way in which something works or moves.|armed conflict.|legal proceedings; a lawsuit.

synonyms:
steps|measures|activity|movement|work|working|effort|exertion|operation|act|take steps|take measures|take the initiative|move|make a move|react|do something


word: ACTIVATE
russian_word: активизировать
example: fumes from cooking are enough to activate the alarm
definition: make (something) active or operative.
antonyms: switch off
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈaktɪveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaktɪveɪt
synonyms:
operate|switch on|turn on|start|start off|start up|set going|get going|trigger off|trigger|trip|set in motion|actuate|initiate|initialize|energize|animate


word: ACTIVE
russian_word: активный
antonyms: listless
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈaktɪv
phonetics_text: ˈaktɪv
example:
although he was seventy he was still robust and active|the artist was active in the 1920s|the old watermill was active until 1960

definition:
engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits.|pursuing an occupation or activity at a particular place or in a particular way.|(of a thing) working; operative.|denoting a voice of verbs in which the subject is typically the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (e.g. she loved him as opposed to the passive form he was loved ).

synonyms:
mobile|energetic|agile|sporty|nimble|vigorous|vital|dynamic|sprightly|spry|lively|animated|bouncy|bubbly|perky|frisky|zestful|spirited|busy|bustling|occupied|involved|on the go|on the move|full of get-up-and-go|full of vim and vigour|full of beans|sparky|zippy|peppy|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|go-go

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘preferring action to contemplation’): from Latin activus, from act- ‘done’, from the verb agere .


word: ACTIVE VOICE
russian_word: действительный залог
example: rewrite the sentence in the active voice
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject is typically the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (e.g. she loved him as opposed to the passive form he was loved ).


word: ACTIVIST
russian_word: активист
example: activists have been calling for change
definition: a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈaktɪvɪst
phonetics_text: ˈaktɪvɪst
synonyms:
campaigner|reformer|demonstrator|champion|advocate|promoter|crusador|fighter|battler|militant|zealot|protestor|radical|extremist|netroots


word: ACTIVITY
russian_word: деятельность
example: there has been a sustained level of activity in the economy|the firm's marketing activities
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: akˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: akˈtɪvɪti
definition:
the condition in which things are happening or being done.|a thing that a person or group does or has done.|a thermodynamic quantity representing the effective concentration of a particular component in a solution or other system, equal to its concentration multiplied by an activity coefficient.

synonyms:
pursuit|occupation|venture|undertaking|enterprise|project|scheme|business|job|affair|task|campaign|interest|hobby|pastime|recreation|diversion|entertainment|act|action|deed|doing|exploit|manoeuvre|thing|lark|caper

origin:
late Middle English: from French activité or late Latin activitas, from Latin act- ‘done’, from the verb agere .


word: ACTOR
russian_word: актер
example: employers are key actors within industrial relations
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaktə
phonetics_text: ˈaktə
definition:
a person whose profession is acting on the stage, in films, or on television.|a participant in an action or process.

synonyms:
performer|player|trouper|theatrical|dramatic artist|thespian|member of the cast|artist|artiste|actress|luvvie|histrionic|stager

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting an agent or administrator): from Latin, ‘doer, actor’, from agere ‘do, act’.


word: ACT OUT
russian_word: разыгрывать
example:
students were encouraged to act out the stories|many children who act out while awaiting placement in a healthcare facility end up in juvenile detention

definition:
perform a narrative as if it were a play; translate something into action.|behave badly, especially when unhappy or stressed.


word: ACTRESS
russian_word: актриса
example: she is one of the great actresses of her generation
definition: a woman whose profession is acting on stage, in films, or on television.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaktrəs
phonetics_text: ˈaktrəs
synonyms:
actor|performer|player|trouper|theatrical|dramatic artist|thespian|member of the cast|artist|artiste|luvvie|histrionic|stager


word: ACTUAL
russian_word: фактический
example: the estimate was much less than the actual cost|using actual income to measure expected income
definition: existing in fact; real.|existing now; current.
antonyms: notional|non-existent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaktʃʊəl
phonetics_text: ˈaktʃʊəl|ˈaktjʊəl
synonyms:
real|true|genuine|authentic|verified|attested|confirmed|definite|hard|plain|clear|clear-cut|undeniable|veritable|existing|existent|manifest|substantial|non-fictional|factual|unquestionable|indisputable|effective|realistic|de facto|bona fide|real live|honest-to-goodness|your actual|unimaginary

origin:
Middle English: from Old French actuel ‘active, practical’, from late Latin actualis, from actus (see act).


word: ACTUALITY
russian_word: действительность
example: the building looked as impressive in actuality as it did in magazines
definition: the state of existing in reality.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aktʃʊˈalɪti
phonetics_text: aktʃʊˈalɪti
synonyms:
reality|fact|truth|the real world|real life|existence|living|really|in fact|in actual fact|in point of fact|as a matter of fact|in reality|actually|in truth|if truth be told|to tell the truth|indeed|truly|in sooth|verily|in the concrete

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘activity’): from Old French actualite or medieval Latin actualitas, from actualis ‘active, practical’, from actus (see act).


word: ACTUALLY
russian_word: на самом деле
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈaktʃəli
phonetics_text: ˈaktʃəli|ˈaktʃʊəli
example:
we must pay attention to what young people are actually doing|he actually expected me to be pleased about it!

definition:
as the truth or facts of a situation; really.|used to emphasize that something someone has said or done is surprising.

synonyms:
literally|to all intents and purposes|in effect|even|though it may seem strange|believe it or not|surprisingly|as it happens|forsooth


word: ACTUARIAL
russian_word: актуарный
example: an actuarial consulting firm
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: aktʃʊˈɛːrɪəl
phonetics_text: aktʃʊˈɛːrɪəl
definition:
relating to actuaries or their work of compiling and analysing statistics to calculate insurance risks and premiums.


word: ACTUATE
russian_word: приводить в действие
example: the pendulum actuates an electrical switch|the defendants were actuated by malice
definition: cause (a machine or device) to operate.|cause (someone) to act in a particular way; motivate.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈaktʃʊeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaktʃʊeɪt
synonyms:
activate|operate|switch on|turn on|start up|set going|get going|start off|trigger off|trigger|trip|set in motion|initiate|initialize|energize|animate

origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin actuat- ‘carried out, caused to operate’, from the verb actuare, from Latin actus (see act). The original sense was ‘carry out in practice’, later ‘stir into activity, enliven’; actuate (sense 1) dates from the mid 17th century.


word: ACT UP
russian_word: скандалить
definition: behave badly.|be promoted to a more senior position on a temporary basis.
example:
all children talk back and act up from time to time|she has been acting up as a consultant in public health

synonyms:
misbehave|give someone trouble|cause someone trouble|act badly|get up to mischief|get up to no good|be bad|be naughty|forget oneself|misconduct oneself|clown about|clown around|fool about|fool around|act the clown|act the fool|act the goat|act foolishly|carry on|mess about|mess around|muck about|muck around|play up


word: ACUMEN
russian_word: проницательность
example: she hides a shrewd business acumen
definition: the ability to make good judgements and take quick decisions.
antonyms: witlessness
origin: late 16th century: from Latin, ‘sharpness, point’, from acuere ‘sharpen’ (see acute).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakjʊmən
phonetics_text: ˈakjʊmən|əˈkjuːmən
synonyms:
astuteness|awareness|shrewdness|acuity|sharpness|sharp-wittedness|cleverness|brightness|smartness|judgement|understanding|sense|common sense|canniness|discernment|wisdom|wit|sagacity|perspicacity|ingenuity|insight|intuition|intuitiveness|perception|perspicuity|penetration|capability|enterprise|initiative|resourcefulness|flair|vision|brains|powers of reasoning|savoir faire|nous|savvy|know-how|horse sense|gumption|grey matter|common|smarts|sapience|arguteness


word: ACUPRESSURE
russian_word: акупрессура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakjʊˌprɛʃə
phonetics_text: ˈakjʊˌprɛʃə
definition:
a form of alternative therapy in which manual pressure is used to stimulate specific points on the body along what are considered to be lines of energy.|a method of controlling bleeding involving the use of a needle to apply pressure to a ruptured blood vessel.

origin:
mid 19th century (in acupressure (sense 2)): from acu- (in acupuncture) + pressure; in acupressure (sense 1), which dates from the 1970s, the word was chosen to reflect the close association of the therapy with acupuncture.


word: ACUPUNCTURE
russian_word: иглоукалывание
origin: late 17th century: from Latin acu ‘with a needle’ + puncture.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakjʊˌpʌŋ(k)tʃə
phonetics_text: ˈakjʊˌpʌŋ(k)tʃə
definition:
a system of complementary medicine in which fine needles are inserted in the skin at specific points along what are considered to be lines of energy (meridians), used in the treatment of various physical and mental conditions.


word: ACUTE
russian_word: острый
example: an acute housing shortage|an acute awareness of changing fashions
antonyms: negligible
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈkjuːt
phonetics_text: əˈkjuːt
definition:
(of an unpleasant or unwelcome situation or phenomenon) present or experienced to a severe or intense degree.|having or showing a perceptive understanding or insight; shrewd.|(of an angle) less than 90°.|(of a sound) high; shrill.

synonyms:
severe|critical|drastic|dire|dreadful|terrible|awful|grave|bad|serious|profound|urgent|pressing|desperate|all-important|vital|dangerous|hazardous|perilous|precarious|life-threatening|life-and-death|parlous|egregious

origin:
late Middle English (describing a disease or its symptoms): from Latin acutus, past participle of acuere ‘sharpen’, from acus ‘needle’.


word: ACUTELY
russian_word: остро
example: the whole situation was acutely embarrassing|we are all acutely aware of the fragility of our world
antonyms: slightly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈkjuːtli
phonetics_text: əˈkjuːtli
definition:
(with reference to something unpleasant or unwelcome) intensely.|in a way that shows a perceptive understanding or insight.

synonyms:
extremely|exceedingly|very|markedly|severely|intensely|in the extreme|deeply|profoundly|keenly|sharply|painfully|desperately|awfully|terribly|tremendously|enormously|thoroughly|heartily|well|seriously|majorly|oh-so|jolly|devilish|mighty|plumb|lekker


word: ACYCLIC
russian_word: ациклический
example: simple acyclic alkenes
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪˈsʌɪklɪk
phonetics_text: eɪˈsʌɪklɪk|eɪˈsɪklɪk
definition:
not displaying or forming part of a cycle.|(of a compound or molecule) containing no rings of atoms.


word: ACYL
russian_word: ацил
example: acyl groups
origin: late 19th century: coined in German, from Latin acidus (see acid) + -yl.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪsʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈeɪsʌɪl|ˈasɪl
definition:
denoting a radical of general formula —C(O)R, where R is an alkyl group, derived from a carboxylic acid.


word: ADAGE
russian_word: пословица
example: the old adage ‘out of sight out of mind’
definition: a proverb or short statement expressing a general truth.
origin: mid 16th century: from French, from Latin adagium ‘saying’, based on an early form of aio ‘I say’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈadɪdʒ
synonyms:
saying|maxim|axiom|proverb|aphorism|saw|dictum|precept|epigram|epigraph|motto|truism|platitude|cliché|commonplace|words of wisdom|pearls of wisdom|expression|phrase|formula|slogan|quotation|apophthegm|gnome


word: ADAMANT
russian_word: непреклонный
example: he is adamant that he is not going to resign
definition: refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind.
antonyms: unsure
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈadəm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈadəm(ə)nt
synonyms:
unshakeable|immovable|inflexible|unwavering|uncompromising|resolute|resolved|determined|firm|rigid|steadfast|unswerving|stubborn|unrelenting|unyielding|unbending|obdurate|inexorable|intransigent|dead set|iron-willed|strong-willed|steely|rock-ribbed|stiff-necked|indurate

origin:
Old English (as a noun), from Old French adamaunt-, via Latin from Greek adamas, adamant-, ‘untameable, invincible’ (later used to denote the hardest metal or stone, hence diamond), from a- ‘not’ + daman ‘to tame’. The phrase to be adamant dates from the 1930s, although adjectival use had been implied in such collocations as ‘an adamant heart’ since the 16th century.


word: ADAPT
russian_word: адаптировать
example: hospitals have had to be adapted for modern medical practice
definition: make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; modify.
antonyms: preserve
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdapt
phonetics_text: əˈdapt
synonyms:
modify|alter|make alterations to|change|adjust|make adjustments to|convert|transform|redesign|restyle|refashion|remodel|reshape|revamp|rework|redo|reconstruct|reorganize|customize|tailor|improve|make improvements to|amend|refine|tweak

origin:
late Middle English: from French adapter, from Latin adaptare, from ad- ‘to’ + aptare (from aptus ‘fit’).


word: ADAPTABLE
russian_word: адаптации
example: rats are highly adaptable to change
definition: able to adjust to new conditions.
antonyms: inflexible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdaptəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈdaptəb(ə)l
synonyms:
flexible|adjustable|pliant|compliant|malleable|versatile|resilient|conformable|multiskilled|easy-going|accommodating|obliging|cooperative|amenable|easy


word: ADAPTATION
russian_word: адаптация
example: the adaptation of teaching strategy to meet students' needs
definition: the action or process of adapting or being adapted.
origin: early 17th century: from French, from late Latin adaptatio(n- ), from Latin adaptare (see adapt).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: adəpˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: adəpˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
converting|conversion|alteration|modification|adjustment|changing|transformation|remodelling|revamping|reshaping|reconstruction|tailoring|customizing|conformity|acclimatization|accommodation|attunement|familiarization|habituation|orientation|conditioning|inurement|hardening|seasoning|acculturation|assimilation|integration|domestication|naturalization|blending in|fitting in|settling in|settling down|acclimation


word: ADD
russian_word: добавлять
antonyms: remove
synonyms: attach|build on|add on|put on|put in|append|adjoin|join|affix|connect|annex|include|prefix|prepend
origin: late Middle English: from Latin addere, from ad- ‘to’ + the base of dare ‘put’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ad
phonetics_text: ad
example:
I've started a petition so if you would like to add your name, email me|chlorine is added to the water to kill bacteria|in this example, all the odd numbers between 1 and 10 are added together|‘I hope we haven't been too much trouble,’ she added politely

definition:
join (something) to something else so as to increase the size, number, or amount.|put in (an additional element, ingredient, etc.).|put together (two or more numbers or amounts) to calculate their total value.|say as a further remark.


word: ADDEND
russian_word: слагаемое
definition: a number which is added to another.
origin: late 17th century: from Latin addendus ‘to be added’, gerundive of addere (see add).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadɛnd
phonetics_text: ˈadɛnd
example:
as its name suggests the Accumulator ‘accumulates’ by keeping its addend in memory and incrementing by the addend it receives from another transmitting unit


word: ADDENDUM
russian_word: добавление
origin: late 17th century: Latin, ‘that which is to be added’, gerundive of addere (see add).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdɛndəm
phonetics_text: əˈdɛndəm
definition:
an item of additional material added at the end of a book or other publication.|the radial distance from the pitch circle of a cogwheel or wormwheel to the crests of the teeth or ridges.

synonyms:
appendix|codicil|postscript|afterword|tailpiece|rider|coda|supplement|accompaniment|adjunct|appendage|addition|add-on|attachment|extension|postlude|subscript|allonge


word: ADDICTED
russian_word: склонный
example: she became addicted to alcohol and diet pills
definition: physically and mentally dependent on a particular substance.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdɪktɪd
phonetics_text: əˈdɪktɪd
synonyms:
dependent on|given to using|given to abusing|in the habit of using|dependent|obsessive|obsessional|hooked on|jonesing on/for

origin:
mid 16th century: from the obsolete adjective addict  ‘bound or devoted (to someone’), from Latin addict- ‘assigned’, from the verb addicere, from ad- ‘to’ + dicere ‘say’.


word: ADDICTION
russian_word: наркомания
example: he committed the offence to finance his drug addiction
definition: the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance or activity.
synonyms: dependency|dependence|craving|habit|weakness|compulsion|fixation|enslavement|monkey|jones
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n
origin:
late 16th century (denoting a person's inclination or proclivity): from Latin addictio(n- ), from addicere ‘assign’ (see addicted).


word: ADDITION
russian_word: дополнение
synonyms: inclusion|adding|adding in|incorporation|introduction|insertion
origin: late Middle English: from Latin additio(n- ), from the verb addere (see add).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈdɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the hotel has been extended with the addition of more rooms|she began with simple arithmetic, addition and then subtraction

definition:
the action or process of adding something to something else.|the process of calculating the total of two or more numbers or amounts.


word: ADDITIONAL
russian_word: дополнительный
example: we require additional information
definition: added, extra, or supplementary to what is already present or available.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
synonyms:
extra|added|supplementary|supplemental|further|auxiliary|ancillary|subsidiary|secondary|attendant|accessory|more|other|another|new|fresh


word: ADDITIONALLY
russian_word: дополнительно
example: brokers finance themselves additionally by short-term borrowing
definition: as an extra factor or circumstance.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈdɪʃənəli
phonetics_text: əˈdɪʃənəli
synonyms:
also|in addition|as well|too|besides|on top (of that)|moreover|further|furthermore|what's more|over and above that|into the bargain|to boot|withal|forbye


word: ADDITIVE
russian_word: добавка
example: many foods contain chemical additives
definition: a substance added to something in small quantities to improve or preserve it.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈadɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈadɪtɪv
synonyms:
added ingredient|addition|extra|add-on|supplement|accompaniment|preservative|flavour enhancer|colouring|E-number

origin:
late 17th century (as an adjective): from late Latin additivus, from Latin addit- ‘added’, from the verb addere (see add). The noun dates from the 1940s.


word: ADDRESS
russian_word: адрес
synonyms: inscription|label|mark|superscription|directions
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈdrɛs
phonetics_text: əˈdrɛs
example:
they exchanged addresses and agreed to keep in touch|an address to the European Parliament|he rescued me with the most consummate address

definition:
the particulars of the place where someone lives or an organization is situated.|a formal speech delivered to an audience.|skill, dexterity, or readiness.

origin:
Middle English (as a verb in the senses ‘set upright’ and ‘guide, direct’, hence ‘write directions for delivery on’ and ‘direct spoken words to’): from Old French, based on Latin ad- ‘towards’ + directus (see direct). The noun is of mid 16th-century origin in the sense ‘act of approaching or speaking to someone’.


word: ADDRESSABLE
russian_word: адресуемый
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdrɛsəbl
phonetics_text: əˈdrɛsəbl
definition:
relating to or denoting a memory unit in which all locations can be separately accessed by a particular program.


word: ADD TO
russian_word: добавлять
example: this development added to the problems facing the staff
definition: be joined to something so as to increase its size, number, or amount.
antonyms: lessen
synonyms:
increase|magnify|amplify|augment|intensify|heighten|deepen|enhance|boost|inflate|escalate|exacerbate|aggravate|inflame|worsen|make worse|compound|reinforce|add fuel to the fire/flames|fan the flames|put salt on the wound


word: ADDUCE
russian_word: приводить
example: a number of factors are adduced to explain the situation
definition: cite as evidence.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin adducere, from ad- ‘towards’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdjuːs
phonetics_text: əˈdjuːs
synonyms:
cite|quote|name|mention|instance|specify|identify|give|point out|call attention to|refer to|make reference to|put forward|bring forward|present|offer|advance|propose|proffer|put up|moot|suggest|raise|come up with|table


word: ADDUCT
russian_word: аддукт
example: the main function of pectorals is to adduct the arms
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdʌkt
phonetics_text: əˈdʌkt
definition:
(of a muscle) move (a limb or other part of the body) towards the midline of the body or towards another part.

origin:
mid 19th century: back-formation from late Middle English adduction, from late Latin adductio(n- ) ‘bringing forward’, from the verb adducere ‘bring in’ (see adduce).


word: ADDUCTOR
russian_word: аддуктор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdʌktə
phonetics_text: əˈdʌktə
definition:
a muscle whose contraction moves a limb or other part of the body towards the midline of the body or towards another part.

origin:
early 17th century: modern Latin, from Latin adduct- ‘brought in’, from the verb adducere (see adduce).


word: ADD UP
russian_word: складывать
example:
watch those air miles add up!|I wonder how many people get ripped because they can't add up|many things in her story didn't add up

definition:
increase in amount, number, or degree.|perform the process of calculating the total value of two or more numbers or amounts.|seem reasonable or consistent; make sense.

synonyms:
make sense|seem reasonable|seem plausible|stand to reason|stand up|hold up|hold water|bear examination|bear investigation|be verifiable|ring true|be convincing


word: ADENINE
russian_word: аденин
origin: late 19th century: coined in German from Greek adēn ‘gland’ + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadɪniːn
phonetics_text: ˈadɪniːn
definition:
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.


word: ADENOVIRUS
russian_word: аденовирус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadɪnəʊˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˈadɪnəʊˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
any of a group of DNA viruses first discovered in adenoid tissue, most of which cause respiratory diseases.


word: ADEQUATE
russian_word: адекватный
example: this office is perfectly adequate for my needs
definition: satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity.
antonyms: insufficient|inadequate|unequal to
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈadɪkwət
phonetics_text: ˈadɪkwət
synonyms:
sufficient|enough|ample|requisite|apposite|appropriate|suitable|acceptable|passable|reasonable|satisfactory|tolerable|fair|fairly good|pretty good|goodish|middle-of-the-road|mediocre|unexceptional|unexceptionable|undistinguished|unremarkable|ordinary|commonplace|indifferent|average|not bad|all right|good enough|so-so|minimal|medium|moderate|run-of-the-mill|forgettable|OK|okay|fair-to-middling|nothing to write home about|nothing to shout about|no great shakes|(plain) vanilla|bog-standard|half-pie|cromulent|equal to|up to|capable|of|suited to|suitable for|able to do|qualified for|fit for|good enough for|sufficient for|up to scratch

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin adaequatus ‘made equal to’, past participle of the verb adaequare, from ad- ‘to’ + aequus ‘equal’.


word: ADHERENT
russian_word: приверженец
example: he was a strong adherent of monetarism
definition: someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas.
antonyms: opponent
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ədˈhɪər(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ədˈhɪər(ə)nt
synonyms:
follower|supporter|upholder|defender|advocate|disciple|votary|partisan|member|friend|stalwart|fanatic|zealot|believer|worshipper|attender|fan|admirer|enthusiast|devotee|lover|addict|aficionado|hanger-on|groupie|buff|freak|fiend|nut|maniac|booster|cohort|rooter|janissary|sectary

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French adherent, from Latin adhaerent- ‘sticking to’, from the verb adhaerere (see adhere).


word: ADHESION
russian_word: адгезия
example: the adhesion of the gum strip to the paper|endoscopic surgery for pelvic adhesions
synonyms: sticking|adherence|gluing|fixing|fastening|union
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈhiːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ədˈhiːʒ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of adhering to a surface or object.|an abnormal adhering of surfaces due to inflammation or injury.

origin:
late 15th century: from French adhésion, from Latin adhaesio(n- ), from the verb adhaerere (see adhere).


word: ADHESIVE
russian_word: клей
example: an adhesive label
definition: able to stick fast to a surface or object; sticky.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ədˈhiːsɪv
phonetics_text: ədˈhiːsɪv|ədˈhiːzɪv
synonyms:
sticky|sticking|adhering|adherent|clinging|tacky|gluey|gummy|gummed|cohesive|viscous|viscid|glutinous|mucilaginous|claggy|clarty|gooey|gloopy|cloggy|gungy|icky|gloppy|tenacious|viscoid

origin:
late 17th century (in the sense ‘tending to adhere or cling to’): from French adhésif, -ive, from the verb adhérer, from Latin adhaerere ‘stick to’ (see adhere).


word: ADHIBIT
russian_word: прикладывать
example: signed by a partner who would either adhibit the firm's signature or his own
definition: apply or affix (something) to something else.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈhɪbɪt
phonetics_text: ədˈhɪbɪt
origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘take in, include’): from Latin adhibit- ‘brought in’, from the verb adhibere, from ad- ‘to’ + habere ‘hold, have’.


word: ADIABATIC
russian_word: адиабатический
example: the adiabatic expansion of a perfect gas
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌeɪdʌɪəˈbatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌeɪdʌɪəˈbatɪk|ˌadɪəˈbatɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting a process or condition in which heat does not enter or leave the system concerned.

origin:
late 19th century: from Greek adiabatos ‘impassable’, from a- ‘not’ + dia ‘through’ + batos ‘passable’ (from bainein ‘go’), + -ic.


word: ADIEU
russian_word: прощайте
definition: goodbye.
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from a ‘to’ + Dieu ‘God’; compare with adios.
part_of_speech: exclamation|noun
phonetic: əˈdjuː
phonetics_text: əˈdjuː
synonyms:
goodbye|farewell|au revoir|ciao|auf Wiedersehen|adios|vale|bye-bye|ta-ta|bye|cheerio|cheers|see you later|see you|so long|toodle-oo


word: ADIPOCERE
russian_word: жировоск
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌadɪpə(ʊ)ˈsɪə
phonetics_text: ˌadɪpə(ʊ)ˈsɪə
definition:
a greyish waxy substance formed by the decomposition of soft tissue in dead bodies subjected to moisture.

origin:
early 19th century: from French adipocire, from Latin adeps, adip- ‘fat’ + French cire ‘wax’ (from Latin cera ).


word: ADJACENT
russian_word: смежный
example: adjacent rooms
antonyms: remote from
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdʒeɪs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈdʒeɪs(ə)nt
definition:
next to or adjoining something else.|(of a pair of angles) formed on the same side of a straight line when intersected by another line.

synonyms:
adjoining|neighbouring (on)|next door to|abutting|close to|near to|next to|by|close by|by the side of|bordering (on)|beside|alongside|abreast of|contiguous with|proximate to|attached to|touching|joining|cheek by jowl with|conjoining|approximate to|vicinal

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin adjacent- ‘lying near to’, from adjacere, from ad- ‘to’ + jacere ‘lie down’.


word: ADJOIN
russian_word: примыкать
example: the dining room adjoins a conservatory
definition: be next to and joined with (a building, room, or piece of land).
antonyms: remote
origin: Middle English: from Old French ajoindre, from Latin adjungere, from ad- ‘to’ + jungere ‘to join’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdʒɔɪn
phonetics_text: əˈdʒɔɪn
synonyms:
be next to|be adjacent to|border (on)|neighbour|verge on|abut|butt up against|butt up to|bound on|be contiguous with|be connected to|communicate with|link up with|extend as far as|extend to|join|conjoin|connect with/to|touch|meet|connecting|connected|interconnecting|adjacent|abutting|neighbouring|bordering|next-door|contiguous|proximate|attached|joining|touching|meeting|conjoining|approximate|vicinal


word: ADJOINT
russian_word: сопряженный
origin: late 19th century: from French, literally ‘joined to’, from adjoindre (see adjoin).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈadʒɔɪnt
phonetics_text: ˈadʒɔɪnt
definition:
relating to or denoting a function or quantity related to a given function or quantity by a particular process of transposition.


word: ADJOURN
russian_word: откладывать
example: the meeting was adjourned until December 4
definition: break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdʒəːn
phonetics_text: əˈdʒəːn
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘summon someone to appear on a particular day’): from Old French ajorner, from the phrase a jorn (nome ) ‘to an (appointed) day’.


word: ADJOURNMENT
russian_word: перерыв
example: she sought an adjournment of the trial
definition: an act or period of adjourning or being adjourned.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdʒəːnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈdʒəːnm(ə)nt
synonyms:
suspension|breaking off|discontinuation|interruption|postponement|rescheduling|deferment|deferral|delay|shelving|stay|pigeonholing|prorogation|dissolution|dissolving|disbandment|termination|halting|break|pause|suspension of proceedings|temporary cessation|recess|rest|time out|stoppage|tabling|let up|breather|mothballing|knocking off|taking five|moratorium|continuation|put-off


word: ADJUDGE
russian_word: признать
example: she was adjudged guilty
definition: consider or declare to be true or the case.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdʒʌdʒ
phonetics_text: əˈdʒʌdʒ
synonyms:
judge|deem|adjudicate|find|determine|pronounce|proclaim|rule|hold|consider|conclude|think|count|rate|reckon|perceive|regard as|view as|see as|believe to be|suppose

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ajuger, from Latin adjudicare, from ad- ‘to’ + judicare, from judex, judic- ‘a judge’.


word: ADJUDICATE
russian_word: судить
example: the Committee adjudicates on all betting disputes
definition: make a formal judgement on a disputed matter.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt
origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘award judicially’): from Latin adjudicat- ‘awarded judicially’, from the verb adjudicare (see adjudge). The noun adjudication (as a Scots legal term) dates from the early 17th century.


word: ADJUDICATION
russian_word: вынесение судебного решения
example: the matter may have to go to court for adjudication
definition: the action or process of adjudicating.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃn
phonetics_text: əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃn
synonyms:
arbitration|refereeing|umpiring|judging|judgement|decision|pronouncement|ruling|settlement|resolution|finding|verdict|conclusion|sentence|decree|order|determination|resolve|arbitrament


word: ADJUDICATOR
russian_word: судья
example: the proposal to close the school will have to go before an adjudicator
definition: a person who adjudicates.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪtə
phonetics_text: əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪtə
synonyms:
arbitrator|arbiter|mediator|referee|referee's assistant|assistant referee|linesman|umpire|judge|line judge


word: ADJUNCT
russian_word: адъюнкт
example: computer technology is an adjunct to learning
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈadʒʌŋ(k)t
phonetics_text: ˈadʒʌŋ(k)t
definition:
a thing added to something else as a supplementary rather than an essential part.|a word or phrase that constitutes an optional element or is considered of secondary importance in a sentence, for example on the table in we left some flowers on the table.

synonyms:
supplement|addition|accompaniment|complement|companion|extra|add-on|additive|accessory|appurtenance|attachment|appendage|addendum|affix|auxiliary

origin:
early 16th century (as an adjective meaning ‘joined on, subordinate’): from Latin adjunctus, past participle of adjungere (see adjoin).


word: ADJUNCTION
russian_word: присоединение
origin: late 16th century: from Latin adjunctio(n)-, from the verb adjungere (see adjoin).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdʒʌŋkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈdʒʌŋkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the joining of two sets which without overlapping jointly constitute a larger set, or the relation between two such sets.|the asserting in a single formula of two previously asserted formulae.


word: ADJUST
russian_word: регулировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdʒʌst
phonetics_text: əˈdʒʌst
example:
he smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie|the insurance agent may have the responsibility of adjusting small losses

definition:
alter or move (something) slightly in order to achieve the desired fit, appearance, or result.|assess (loss or damages) when settling an insurance claim.

synonyms:
modify|alter|regulate|tune|fine-tune|calibrate|balance|adapt|rearrange|change|rejig|rework|revamp|remodel|reshape|convert|transform|tailor|improve|enhance|customize|repair|fix|correct|rectify|make good|put in working order|overhaul|put right|set right|set to rights|standardize|normalize|jigger|tweak|twiddle|patch up|see to

origin:
early 17th century (in the senses ‘harmonize discrepancies’ and ‘assess loss or damages’): from obsolete French adjuster, from Old French ajoster ‘to approximate’, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + juxta ‘near’.


word: ADJUSTMENT
russian_word: регулировка
example: I've made a few adjustments to my diet
definition: a small alteration or movement made to achieve a desired fit, appearance, or result.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈdʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt
synonyms:
adaptation|adapting|accustoming|accommodation|accommodating|acclimatization|reconciliation|inurement|habituation|habituating|familiarization|acculturation|naturalization|assimilation|assimilating|harmonization|settling in|settling down|acclimation|modification|modifying|alteration|regulation|regulating|rearrangement|change|converting|conversion|remodelling|revamping|restyling|reshaping|reconstruction|transformation|variation|customization|tailoring|refinement|refining|fixing|mending|repair|correction|correcting|amendment|amending|rectifying|overhauling|overhaul|improvement|jiggering|tweaking|twiddling|patching up


word: ADMEASUREMENT
russian_word: отмеривание
definition: the action of ascertaining and apportioning just shares in something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈmɛʒəm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ədˈmɛʒəm(ə)nt
origin:
early 16th century: from Old French amesurement, from the verb amesurer, from medieval Latin admensurare, based on Latin metiri ‘to measure’.


word: ADMINISTER
russian_word: управлять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈmɪnɪstə
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪnɪstə
example:
each school was administered separately|paramedic crews are capable of administering drugs|we must selflessly administer to his needs

definition:
manage and be responsible for the running of (a business, organization, etc.).|dispense or apply (a remedy or drug).|give help or service.

synonyms:
manage|direct|control|operate|regulate|conduct|handle|run|orchestrate|organize|supervise|superintend|oversee|preside over|boss|be the boss of|govern|rule|lead|head|guide|steer|pilot|exercise control over|be in control of|be in charge of|be in command of|take care of|look after|be responsible for|be at the helm of|hold sway over|head up|call the shots|call the tune|pull the strings|run the show|be in the driving seat|be in the saddle

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin administrare, from ad- ‘to’ + ministrare (see ministration).


word: ADMINISTRATION
russian_word: администрация
origin: Middle English: from Latin administratio(n- ), from the verb administrare (see administer).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədmɪnɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ədmɪnɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the day-to-day administration of the company|the inhabitants of the island voted to remain under French administration|the oral administration of the antibiotic

definition:
the process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.|the management of public affairs; government.|the action of dispensing, giving, or applying something.

synonyms:
management|managing|direction|directing|command|commanding|control|controlling|charge|conduct|conducting|operation|regulation|regulating|handling|running|leadership|government|governing|superintendence|supervision|supervising|overseeing|oversight|orchestration|orchestrating|guidance|care|regiment


word: ADMINISTRATIVE
russian_word: административный
example: administrative problems
definition: relating to the running of a business, organization, etc.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv
synonyms:
managerial|management|directorial|directing|executive|organizational|controlling|governmental|supervisory|regulatory|gubernatorial

origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin administrativus, from administrat- ‘managed’, from the verb administrare (see administrate).


word: ADMINISTRATOR
russian_word: администратор
example: hospital administrators|administrators of justice
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə
definition:
a person responsible for carrying out the administration of a business or organization.|a person who dispenses or administers something.

synonyms:
manager|director|managing director|executive|chief executive|controller|chair|chairperson|chairman|chairwoman|head|boss|chief|principal|official|leader|governor|premier|president|superintendent|supervisor|employer|proprietor|kingpin|top dog|bigwig|numero uno|Mister Big|honcho|head honcho|gaffer|big wheel


word: ADMIRABLE
russian_word: замечательный
example: he has one admirable quality—he is totally honest
definition: arousing or deserving respect and approval.
antonyms: deplorable|abominable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈadm(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈadm(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
commendable|worthy of admiration|worthy of commendation|praiseworthy|laudable|estimable|meritorious|creditable|exemplary|exceptional|notable|honourable|worthy|deserving|respectable|worthwhile|excellent|good|sterling|superb|superlative|brilliant|outstanding|first-rate|first-class|second to none|of the first order|of the highest order|of the first water|supreme|prime|great|fine|masterly|marvellous|wonderful|magnificent|impressive|A1|wicked|stellar|super|splendiferous|top-notch|fab|ace|tip-top|smashing|brill|champion|grand|bully|badass|beaut|top-hole|applaudable

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin admirabilis ‘to be wondered at’, from admirari (see admire).


word: ADMIRALTY
russian_word: адмиралтейство
example: it is necessary to issue a summons for directions in an admiralty case
origin: late Middle English: from Old French admiralte, from admirail ‘emir, leader’ (see admiral).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadm(ə)r(ə)lti
phonetics_text: ˈadm(ə)r(ə)lti
definition:
(in the UK) the government department that administered the Royal Navy, now incorporated in the Ministry of Defence and current only in titles.|the jurisdiction of courts of law over cases concerning ships or the sea and other navigable waters.


word: ADMIRATION
russian_word: восхищение
example: I have the greatest admiration for all those involved in the project
definition: respect and warm approval.
antonyms: disgust
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: adməˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: adməˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
commendation|acclaim|applause|approbation|approval|appreciation|regard|high regard|respect|praise|esteem|veneration|adulation|extolment|compliments|tributes|accolades|plaudits|pats on the back|laudation

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘marvelling, wonder’): from Latin admiratio(n- ), from the verb admirari (see admire).


word: ADMIRE
russian_word: восхищаться
example: I admire your courage
definition: regard with respect or warm approval.
antonyms: disapprove of|loathe
origin: late 16th century: from Latin admirari, from ad- ‘at’ + mirari ‘wonder’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈmʌɪə
phonetics_text: ədˈmʌɪə
synonyms:
applaud|praise|express admiration for|commend|approve of|express approval for|favour|look on with favour|think highly of|appreciate|respect|rate highly|hold in high regard|hold in high esteem|look up to|acclaim|compliment|speak highly of|put on a pedestal|worship|adore|love|cherish|dote on|be enamoured of|be infatuated with|be taken with|be attracted to|find attractive|idolize|lionize|carry a torch for|be mad about|be crazy about|be wild about|have a crush on|have a thing about|have a pash on|have the hots for|be soft on|take a shine to|fancy|be potty about


word: ADMIRER
russian_word: поклонник
example: he was a great admirer of Henry James
definition: a person who has a particular regard for someone or something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈmʌɪərə
phonetics_text: ədˈmʌɪərə
synonyms:
fan|enthusiast|devotee|addict|aficionado|supporter|adherent|follower|disciple|votary|fanatic|zealot|hanger-on|groupie


word: ADMISSIBLE
russian_word: допустимый
example: the tape recording was admissible as evidence|foreigners were admissible only as temporary workers
antonyms: inadmissible
origin: early 17th century: from medieval Latin admissibilis, from Latin admittere (see admit).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ədˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
definition:
acceptable or valid, especially as evidence in a court of law.|having the right to be admitted to a place.

synonyms:
allowable|allowed|permissible|permitted|acceptable|passable|tolerable|satisfactory|justifiable|defensible|supportable|well founded|tenable|sound|sensible|reasonable|legitimate|lawful|legal|licit|within the law|above board|valid|recognized|sanctioned|OK|okay|legit|kosher|by the book|pukka


word: ADMISSION
russian_word: вход
example: an admission of guilt|the evening before her admission to hospital
origin: late Middle English: from Latin admissio(n- ), from the verb admittere (see admit).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a statement acknowledging the truth of something.|the process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter a place or organization.

synonyms:
acknowledgement|acceptance|recognition|concession|profession|expression|declaration|confession|revelation|disclosure|divulgence|avowal|claim|unbosoming|owning up|asseveration|divulgation


word: ADMIT
russian_word: признавать
antonyms: deny|conceal
origin: late Middle English: from Latin admittere, from ad- ‘to’ + mittere ‘send’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈmɪt
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪt
example:
the Home Office finally admitted that several prisoners had been injured|old-age pensioners are admitted free to the museum|the courts can refuse to admit police evidence which has been illegally obtained|the need to inform him was too urgent to admit of further delay

definition:
confess to be true or to be the case.|allow (someone) to enter a place.|accept as valid.|allow the possibility of.

synonyms:
acknowledge|confess|reveal|make known|disclose|divulge|make public|avow|declare|profess|own up to|make a clean breast of|bring into the open|bring to light|give away|blurt out|leak|concede|accept|accede|grant|agree|allow|own|concur|assent|recognize|realize|be aware of|be conscious of|appreciate|get something off one's chest|spill the beans about|tell all about|blow the lid off|squeal about|blow the gaff on|discover


word: ADMITTANCE
russian_word: вход
example: people were unable to gain admittance to the hall
antonyms: exclusion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈmɪt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ədˈmɪt(ə)ns
definition:
the process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter a place or institution.|a measure of electrical conduction, numerically equal to the reciprocal of the impedance.

synonyms:
entry|right of entry|permission to enter|admission|entrance|access|right of access|ingress|entrée|acceptance


word: ADMONISH
russian_word: увещевать
example: she admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven
definition: warn or reprimand someone firmly.
antonyms: praise
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈmɒnɪʃ
phonetics_text: ədˈmɒnɪʃ
synonyms:
reprimand|rebuke|scold|reprove|upbraid|chastise|chide|censure|castigate|lambast|berate|reproach|lecture|criticize|take to task|pull up|read the Riot Act to|give a piece of one's mind to|haul over the coals|tell off|give someone a telling-off|dress down|give someone a dressing-down|bawl out|pitch into|lay into|lace into|blow up|give someone an earful|give someone a roasting|give someone a rocket|give someone a rollicking|rap over the knuckles|slap someone's wrist|let someone have it|give someone hell|tick off|have a go at|carpet|tear someone off a strip|monster|give someone a mouthful|give someone what for|give someone some stick|give someone a wigging|chew out|ream out|trim|rate|give someone a rating|reprehend|objurgate|bollock|give someone a bollocking|tear someone a new arsehole|rip someone a new arsehole|tear someone a new asshole|rip someone a new asshole

origin:
Middle English amonest  ‘urge, exhort’, from Old French amonester, based on Latin admonere ‘urge by warning’. Later, the final -t of amonest was taken to indicate the past tense, and the present tense changed on the pattern of verbs such as abolish ; the prefix became ad- in the 16th century by association with the Latin form.


word: ADMONITION
russian_word: увещевание
example: he received numerous admonitions for his behaviour
definition: a firm warning or reprimand.
antonyms: commendation|pat on the back|praise
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌadməˈnɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌadməˈnɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
reprimand|rebuke|reproof|remonstrance|reproach|admonishment|stricture|lecture|criticism|recrimination|tirade|diatribe|philippic|harangue|attack|scolding|chastisement|castigation|upbraiding|berating|reproval|censure|condemnation|telling-off|dressing-down|talking-to|tongue-lashing|bashing|blast|rap|rap over the knuckles|slap on the wrist|flea in one's ear|earful|roasting|rollicking|caning|blowing-up|rocket|wigging|slating|ticking off|carpeting|serve|rating|exhortation|warning|caution|caveat|piece of advice|recommendation|injunction|monition|enjoinment|instruction|direction|suggestion|lesson|precept|advice|counsel|guidance|urging|encouragement|persuasion|pressure|bollocking

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French amonition, from Latin admonitio(n-) ‘(cautionary) reminder’ (see admonish).


word: ADO
russian_word: суета
example: this is much ado about almost nothing
definition: a state of agitation or fuss, especially about something unimportant.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈduː
phonetics_text: əˈduː
synonyms:
fuss|trouble|bother|upset|agitation|commotion|stir|hubbub|confusion|excitement|tumult|disturbance|hurly-burly|uproar|flurry|to-do|palaver|rigmarole|brouhaha|furore|fuss and feathers|tamasha|hassle|hoo-ha|ballyhoo|hoopla|rumpus|flap|tizz|tizzy|stew|song and dance|performance|pantomime|carry-on|kerfuffle

origin:
late Middle English (originally in the sense ‘action, business’): from northern Middle English at do ‘to do’, from Old Norse at (used to mark an infinitive) and do1.


word: ADOLESCENCE
russian_word: подростковый возраст
example: Mary spent her childhood and adolescence in Europe
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: adəˈlɛs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: adəˈlɛs(ə)ns
definition:
the period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult.

synonyms:
teenage years|teens|youth|young adulthood|young days|early life|pubescence|puberty|juvenescence|juvenility

origin:
late Middle English: from French, from Latin adolescentia, from adolescere ‘grow to maturity’ (see adolescent).


word: ADOLESCENT
russian_word: подросток
example: many parents find it hard to understand their adolescent children
definition: (of a young person) in the process of developing from a child into an adult.
antonyms: adult
synonyms: teenage|teenaged|pubescent|youthful|young|juvenile|teen
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: adəˈlɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: adəˈlɛs(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): via French from Latin adolescent- ‘coming to maturity’, from adolescere, from ad- ‘to’ + alescere ‘grow, grow up’, from alere ‘nourish’. The adjective dates from the late 18th century.


word: ADOPT
russian_word: принимать
antonyms: abandon
origin: late 15th century: via French from Latin adoptare, from ad- ‘to’ + optare ‘choose’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdɒpt
phonetics_text: əˈdɒpt
example:
there are many people eager to adopt a baby|this approach has been adopted by many big banks|he adopted a patronizing tone

definition:
legally take (another's child) and bring it up as one's own.|choose to take up, follow, or use.|take on or assume (an attitude or position).|(of a local authority) accept responsibility for the maintenance of (a road).

synonyms:
embrace|take on|acquire|affect|espouse|assume|appropriate|arrogate|approve|endorse|agree to|consent to|accede to|accept|ratify|validate|rubber-stamp|sanction|support|back|vote for|give something the go ahead|give something the green light|give something the thumbs up|OK|okay


word: ADOPTER
russian_word: усыновитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdɒptə
phonetics_text: əˈdɒptə
example:
misunderstandings about adoption are contributing to a serious shortage of adopters|consumers have been keen adopters of some new payment technologies

definition:
a person who legally takes another's child and brings it up as their own.|a person or organization that chooses to take up, follow, or use something.


word: ADOPTIVE
russian_word: приемный
example: he is the adoptive father of his wife's three children
definition: (of a child or parent) in that relationship by adoption.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdɒptɪv
phonetics_text: əˈdɒptɪv
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin adoptivus, from adoptare ‘select for oneself’ (see adopt).


word: ADORABLE
russian_word: прелестный
example: I have four adorable Siamese cats
definition: inspiring great affection or delight.
antonyms: hateful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdɔːrəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈdɔːrəb(ə)l
synonyms:
lovable|appealing|charming|cute|sweet|enchanting|bewitching|captivating|engaging|endearing|dear|darling|precious|delightful|lovely|beautiful|attractive|gorgeous|winsome|winning|fetching|pleasing|chocolate-box|bonny|adorbs|taking

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘worthy of divine worship’): from French, from Latin adorabilis, from the verb adorare (see adore).


word: ADORATION
russian_word: обожание
example: he gave her a look of adoration|the Adoration of the Magi
definition: deep love and respect.|worship; veneration.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: adəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: adəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
love|devotion|care|fondness|warmth|affection|admiration|regard|high regard|awe|reverence|idolization|lionization|worship|hero-worship|adulation|deification|worshipping|glory|glorification|glorifying|praise|praising|thanksgiving|homage|paying homage|exaltation|exalting|extolment|veneration|venerating|revering|laudation|lauding|magnification|magnifying


word: ADORE
russian_word: обожать
example: he adored his mother|he adored the Sacred Host
definition: love and respect (someone) deeply.|worship; venerate.
antonyms: hate|loathe|detest
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdɔː
phonetics_text: əˈdɔː
synonyms:
love dearly|love|be devoted to|dote on|care for|hold dear|cherish|treasure|prize|think the world of|set great store by|admire|hold in admiration|hold in high regard|regard highly|have a high opinion of|look up to|stand in awe of|revere|reverence|idolize|lionize|worship|deify|put on a pedestal

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin adorare ‘to worship’, from ad- ‘to’ + orare ‘speak, pray’.


word: ADORN
russian_word: украшать
example: pictures and prints adorned his walls
definition: make more beautiful or attractive.
antonyms: strip|disfigure
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin adornare, from ad- ‘to’ + ornare ‘deck, add lustre’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈdɔːn
phonetics_text: əˈdɔːn
synonyms:
embellish|decorate|furnish|ornament|add ornament to|enhance|beautify|prettify|grace|enrich|bedeck|deck (out)|dress (up)|trick out|trim|swathe|wreathe|festoon|garland|array|garnish|emblazon|gild|set off|get up|do up|do out|bejewel|bedizen|caparison|furbelow


word: ADORNMENT
russian_word: украшение
example: the necktie is no longer a necessary male adornment
definition: a thing which adorns or decorates; an ornament.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdɔːnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈdɔːnm(ə)nt
synonyms:
embellishment|embellishing|decorating|decoration|ornamentation|ornament|enhancement|enhancing|beautification|beatifying|prettification|prettifying|dressing up|trimming|emblazoning|elaboration|enrichment|garnishing|gilding|frills|accessories|trimmings|finishing touches|fallalery


word: ADPRESSED
russian_word: прижатыми
example: the cap is covered with fine, white, adpressed scales
definition: lying closely against the adjacent part, or against the ground.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: adˈprɛst
phonetics_text: adˈprɛst
origin:
early 19th century: from Latin adpress- ‘pressed near’, from adprimere, from ad ‘to, at’ + premere ‘to press’, + -ed2.


word: ADRENAL
russian_word: надпочечный
example: adrenal function was normal in this group of patients
origin: late 19th century: from ad- + renal.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈdriːn(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈdriːn(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting a pair of ductless glands situated above the kidneys. Each consists of a core region ( adrenal medulla ) secreting adrenaline and noradrenaline, and an outer region ( adrenal cortex ) secreting corticosteroids.


word: ADRENERGIC
russian_word: адренергических
origin: 1930s: from adrenaline + Greek ergon ‘work’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌadrɪˈnəːdʒɪk
phonetics_text: ˌadrɪˈnəːdʒɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting nerve cells in which adrenaline, noradrenaline, or a similar substance acts as a neurotransmitter.


word: ADROIT
russian_word: ловкий
example: he was adroit at tax avoidance
definition: clever or skilful.
antonyms: clumsy|incompetent
origin: mid 17th century: from French, from à droit ‘according to right, properly’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdrɔɪt
phonetics_text: əˈdrɔɪt
synonyms:
skilful|adept|dexterous|deft|agile|nimble|nimble-fingered|handy|able|capable|competent|skilled|expert|masterly|masterful|master|practised|polished|slick|proficient|accomplished|gifted|talented|peerless|quick-witted|quick-thinking|quick|clever|intelligent|brilliant|bright|smart|sharp|cunning|artful|wily|resourceful|astute|shrewd|canny|ingenious|inventive|nifty|nippy|crack|mean|wicked|wizard|demon|ace|A1|on the ball|savvy|genius|crackerjack|compleat|rathe


word: ADROITNESS
russian_word: ловкость
example: he lacks political adroitness
definition: cleverness or skill.
antonyms: clumsiness|incompetence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdrɔɪtnɪs
phonetics_text: əˈdrɔɪtnɪs
synonyms:
skill|skilfulness|prowess|expertise|expertness|adeptness|handiness|nimbleness|dexterity|dexterousness|deftness|ability|capability|competence|competency|mastery|virtuosity|proficiency|accomplishment|artistry|art|knack|bent|faculty|facility|aptitude|flair|finesse|talent|gift|giftedness|quick-wittedness|cleverness|intelligence|wisdom|brilliance|brightness|sharpness|cunning|artfulness|astuteness|diplomacy|discretion|shrewdness|resourcefulness|ingenuity|inventiveness|imagination|imaginativeness|savoir faire|niftiness|nippiness|know-how|savvy


word: ADSORB
russian_word: адсорбировать
example: the dye is adsorbed on to the fibre
origin: late 19th century: blend of ad- (expressing adherence) + absorb.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈzɔːb
phonetics_text: ədˈzɔːb|ədˈsɔːb
definition:
(of a solid) hold (molecules of a gas or liquid or solute) as a thin film on the outside surface or on internal surfaces within the material.


word: ADULATION
russian_word: низкопоклонство
example: he found it difficult to cope with the adulation of the fans
definition: excessive admiration or praise.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin adulatio(n)-, from adulari ‘fawn on’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: adjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: adjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
hero-worship|worship|admiration|admiring|high regard|respect|lionization|lionizing|idolization|idolizing|veneration|awe|devotion|adoration|exaltation|honour|homage|glorification|glory|praise|praising|commendation|flattery|applause|blandishments|compliments|tributes|accolades|plaudits|eulogies|pats on the back|laudation|eulogiums|magnification|magnifying


word: ADULATORY
russian_word: льстивый
example: an adulatory review
definition: excessively praising or admiring.
antonyms: disparaging|unflattering
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌadʒʊˈleɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌadʒʊˈleɪt(ə)ri
synonyms:
flattering|complimentary|highly favourable|commendatory|enthusiastic|glowing|appreciative|praising|worshipping|worshipful|reverential|lionizing|blandishing|acclamatory|rhapsodic|eulogistic|laudatory|fulsome|honeyed|sugary|saccharine|cloying|nauseating|ingratiating|obsequious|unctuous|sycophantic|servile|fawning|bootlicking|smarmy|rave|encomiastic|encomiastical


word: ADULT
russian_word: для взрослых
example: children should be accompanied by an adult
definition: a person who is fully grown or developed.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈadʌlt
phonetics_text: ˈadʌlt|əˈdʌlt
synonyms:
grown person|grown man|grown woman|grown-up person|grown-up|mature person|mature man|mature woman|person of mature age|man|woman|gentleman|lady

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin adultus, past participle of adolescere ‘grow to maturity’ (see adolescent).


word: ADULTERATE
russian_word: фальсифицировать
example: the brewer is said to adulterate his beer
definition: render (something) poorer in quality by adding another substance.
antonyms: refine
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic: early 16th century (as an adjective): from Latin adulterat- ‘corrupted’, from the verb adulterare .
synonyms:
make impure|degrade|debase|spoil|taint|defile|contaminate|pollute|foul|sully|doctor|tamper with|mix|lace|dilute|water down|thin out|weaken|bastardize|corrupt|cut|spike|dope|vitiate


word: ADULTEROUS
russian_word: прелюбодейный
example: an adulterous affair
definition: of or involving adultery.
antonyms: faithful
origin: mid 16th century: from the obsolete noun adulter ‘adulterer’ (see adultery) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdʌlt(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: əˈdʌlt(ə)rəs
synonyms:
unfaithful|faithless|disloyal|untrue|inconstant|fickle|flighty|unreliable|untrustworthy|false|false-hearted|deceiving|deceitful|treacherous|traitorous|extramarital|cheating|two-timing


word: ADUST
russian_word: загорелый
definition: scorched; burnt.|gloomy; melancholic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈdʌst
phonetics_text: əˈdʌst
origin:
late Middle English: from French aduste or Latin adustus ‘burnt’, from adurere, from ad ‘to’ (as an intensifier) + urere ‘to burn’.


word: ADVANCE
russian_word: продвигать
antonyms: retreat
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective
phonetic: ədˈvɑːns
phonetics_text: ədˈvɑːns
example:
he advanced towards the dispatch box|our knowledge is advancing all the time|the hypothesis I wish to advance in this article|the building society advanced them a loan

definition:
move forwards in a purposeful way.|make or cause to make progress.|put forward (a theory or suggestion).|lend (money) to (someone).

synonyms:
move forward|proceed|move along|press on|push on|push forward|make progress|make headway|forge on|forge ahead|gain ground|approach|come closer|move closer|move nearer|draw nearer|near|draw nigh

origin:
Middle English: from Old French avance (noun), avancer (verb), from late Latin abante ‘in front’, from ab ‘from’ + ante ‘before’. The initial a- was erroneously assimilated to ad- in the 16th century.


word: ADVANCED
russian_word: продвинутый
antonyms: primitive|backward
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: adˈvɑːnst
phonetics_text: adˈvɑːnst
example:
the team developed advanced techniques for measuring and controlling the noise of the submarines|negotiations are at an advanced stage|my watch is advanced

definition:
modern and recently developed.|far on or ahead in development or progress.|(of a clock or watch) showing a time ahead of the correct time.

synonyms:
state-of-the-art|new|modern|up to date|up to the minute|the newest|the latest|recently developed|newly discovered|newfangled|ultra-modern|futuristic|progressive|forward|highly developed|avant-garde|ahead of the times|pioneering|groundbreaking|trailblazing|revolutionary|innovatory|sophisticated|complex|complicated|elaborate|intricate|ingenious|flash|snazzy|nifty|new-fashioned


word: ADVANTAGE
russian_word: преимущество
example: companies with a computerized database are at an advantage
definition: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favourable or superior position.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ
synonyms:
upper hand|edge|lead|head|whip hand|trump card|superiority|dominance|ascendancy|supremacy|primacy|precedence|power|mastery|control|sway|authority|the catbird seat|the box seat

origin:
Middle English: from Old French avantage, from avant ‘in front’, from late Latin abante (see advance).


word: ADVECTION
russian_word: адвекция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ədˈvɛkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the transfer of heat or matter by the flow of a fluid, especially horizontally in the atmosphere or the sea.

origin:
early 20th century: from Latin advectio(n- ), from advehere ‘bring’, from ad- ‘to’ + vehere ‘carry’.


word: ADVENT
russian_word: пришествие
example: the advent of television
antonyms: departure|disappearance
origin: Old English, from Latin adventus ‘arrival’, from advenire, from ad- ‘to’ + venire ‘come’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadv(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈadv(ə)nt|ˈadvɛnt
definition:
the arrival of a notable person or thing.|the first season of the Church year, leading up to Christmas and including the four preceding Sundays.

synonyms:
arrival|appearance|emergence|materialization|surfacing|occurrence|dawn|origin|birth|rise|development|approach|coming|looming|nearing|advance


word: ADVENTURE
russian_word: приключение
example: her recent adventures in Italy
definition: an unusual and exciting or daring experience.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ədˈvɛntʃə
phonetics_text: ədˈvɛntʃə
synonyms:
exploit|escapade|deed|feat|trial|experience|incident|occurrence|event|happening|episode|affair|stunt|caper|romp|antic|quest|crusade|campaign|venture

origin:
Middle English: from Old French aventure (noun), aventurer (verb), based on Latin adventurus ‘about to happen’, from advenire ‘arrive’.


word: ADVENTURER
russian_word: авантюрист
example: every year adventurers attempt the Canol Trail using all manner of conveyances
definition: a person who enjoys or seeks adventure.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvɛntʃ(ə)rə
phonetics_text: ədˈvɛntʃ(ə)rə
origin:
late 15th century (denoting a gambler): from French aventurier, from aventurer ‘venture upon’ (see adventure).


word: ADVENTURISM
russian_word: авантюризм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvɛntʃərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ədˈvɛntʃərɪz(ə)m
definition:
the willingness to take risks in business or politics; actions or attitudes regarded as reckless or potentially hazardous.


word: ADVENTUROUS
russian_word: авантюрный
example: an adventurous traveller
definition: willing to take risks or to try out new methods, ideas, or experiences.
antonyms: cautious|unadventurous
origin: Middle English: from Old French aventureus, from aventure (see adventure).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ədˈvɛntʃ(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ədˈvɛntʃ(ə)rəs
synonyms:
daring|daredevil|intrepid|venturesome|bold|audacious|fearless|brave|unafraid|unshrinking|undaunted|dauntless|valiant|valorous|heroic|dashing|confident|enterprising|rash|reckless|heedless|gutsy|spunky|peppy|pushy|adventuresome|venturous


word: ADVERBIAL
russian_word: адвербиальный
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ədˈvəːbɪəl
phonetics_text: ədˈvəːbɪəl
definition:
a word or phrase functioning as a major clause constituent and typically expressing place ( in the garden ), time ( in May ), or manner ( in a strange way ).


word: ADVERSARY
russian_word: противник
example: Davis beat his old adversary in the quarter-finals
definition: one's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
antonyms: ally|supporter
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈadvəs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈadvəs(ə)ri
synonyms:
opponent|rival|enemy|foe|nemesis|antagonist|combatant|challenger|contender|competitor|opposer|fellow contestant|opposition|competition|corrival

origin:
Middle English: from Old French adversarie, from Latin adversarius ‘opposed, opponent’, from adversus (see adverse).


word: ADVERSE
russian_word: неблагоприятный
example: taxes are having an adverse effect on production
definition: preventing success or development; harmful; unfavourable.
antonyms: favourable|beneficial|positive|friendly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈadvəːs
phonetics_text: ˈadvəːs
synonyms:
unfavourable|disadvantageous|inauspicious|unpropitious|unfortunate|unlucky|untimely|untoward|disagreeable|unpleasant|bad|poor|terrible|dreadful|dire|wretched|nasty|hostile|harmful|dangerous|injurious|detrimental|hurtful|deleterious|destructive|pernicious|unhealthy|antagonistic|unfriendly|ill-disposed|negative|opposing|opposed|contrary|dissenting|inimical|antipathetic|at odds

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French advers, from Latin adversus ‘against, opposite’, past participle of advertere, from ad- ‘to’ + vertere ‘to turn’. Compare with averse.


word: ADVERSITY
russian_word: несчастья
example: resilience in the face of adversity
definition: a difficult or unpleasant situation.
antonyms: good times
origin: Middle English: from Old French adversite, from Latin adversitas, from advertere ‘turn towards’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvəːsɪti
phonetics_text: ədˈvəːsɪti
synonyms:
misfortune|ill luck|bad luck|trouble|difficulty|hardship|distress|disaster|misadventure|suffering|affliction|sorrow|misery|heartbreak|heartache|wretchedness|tribulation|woe|pain|trauma|torment|torture|mishap|stroke of ill luck|stroke of bad luck|accident|shock|upset|reverse|reversal|reversal of fortune|setback|crisis|catastrophe|tragedy|calamity|trial|cross|burden|blow|buffet|vicissitude|issue|hard times|dire straits|trials and tribulations|hell|hell on earth|hassle|stress|dolour|travails


word: ADVERTISE
russian_word: рекламировать
example: a billboard advertising beer
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈadvətʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈadvətʌɪz
definition:
describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French advertiss-, lengthened stem of advertir, from Latin advertere ‘turn towards’ (see advert2).


word: ADVERTISEMENT
russian_word: реклама
example: advertisements for alcoholic drinks
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvəːtɪzm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ədˈvəːtɪzm(ə)nt|ədˈvəːtɪsm(ə)nt
definition:
a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event or publicizing a job vacancy.

synonyms:
notice|announcement|bulletin|commercial|promotion|blurb|write-up|display|poster|leaflet|pamphlet|flyer|bill|handbill|handout|circular|brochure|sign|placard|folder|dodger|affiche|ad|push|plug|puff|bumf|advert

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a statement calling attention to something): from Old French advertissement, from the verb advertir (see advertise).


word: ADVICE
russian_word: совет
example: my advice is to see your doctor|remittance advices|the want of fresh advices from Europe
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvʌɪs
phonetics_text: ədˈvʌɪs
definition:
guidance or recommendations offered with regard to prudent future action.|a formal notice of a financial transaction.|information; news.

synonyms:
guidance|advising|counselling|counsel|help|direction|instruction|information|enlightenment|recommendations|guidelines|suggestions|hints|tips|pointers|ideas|opinions|views|facts|data|info|dope|the low-down|the inside story|gen

origin:
Middle English: from Old French avis, based on Latin ad ‘to’ + visum, past participle of videre ‘to see’. The original sense was ‘way of looking at something, judgement’, hence later ‘an opinion given’.


word: ADVISABILITY
russian_word: целесообразность
example: many questioned the advisability of this policy
definition: the quality of being advisable or sensible; wisdom.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˌvʌɪzəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ədˌvʌɪzəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
preferability|preferableness|desirability|wisdom|soundness|prudence|sensibleness|sense|appropriateness|appropriacy|aptness|fitness|suitability|judiciousness|expediency|expedience|helpfulness|effectiveness|advantageousness|advantage|benefit|merit|value|profit|profitability|gain


word: ADVISABLE
russian_word: рекомендуется
example: it is advisable to carry one of the major credit cards
definition: (of a course of action) to be recommended; sensible.
antonyms: inadvisable|unwise
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ədˈvʌɪzəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ədˈvʌɪzəb(ə)l
synonyms:
wise|desirable|preferable|well|best|sensible|commonsensical|sound|prudent|proper|appropriate|apt|suitable|fitting|judicious|recommended|recommendable|suggested|expedient|politic|helpful|useful|effective|advantageous|beneficial|valuable|profitable|gainful|in one's (best) interests


word: ADVISE
russian_word: консультировать
example: I advised him to go home
definition: offer suggestions about the best course of action to someone.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ədˈvʌɪz
phonetics_text: ədˈvʌɪz
synonyms:
counsel|give counsel|give counselling|give guidance|guide|make recommendations|offer suggestions|offer opinions|give hints|give tips|give pointers|direct|give direction(s)|instruct|give instruction|illuminate|educate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French aviser, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + visere, frequentative of videre ‘to see’. The original senses included ‘look at’ and ‘consider’, hence ‘consult with others’.


word: ADVISER
russian_word: советник
definition: a person who gives advice in a particular field.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ədˈvʌɪzə
phonetics_text: ədˈvʌɪzə
synonyms:
counsellor|mentor|guide|consultant|consultee|confidant|confidante|right hand man|right hand woman|aide|helper|instructor|coach|trainer|teacher|tutor|guru|consigliere|main man|Dutch uncle


word: ADVOCACY
russian_word: пропаганда
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadvəkəsi
phonetics_text: ˈadvəkəsi
example:
his outspoken advocacy of the agreement has won no friends|solicitors should have a record of advocacy in the lower courts

definition:
public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy.|the profession or work of a legal advocate.

synonyms:
support for|argument for|arguing for|calling for|pushing for|pressing for|defence|espousal|espousing|approval|approving|endorsement|endorsing|recommendation|recommending|advising in favour|backing|supporting|favouring|promotion|promoting|championship|championing|sanctioning|acceptance|boosterism

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin advocatia, from advocare ‘summon, call to one's aid’ (see advocate).


word: ADVOCATE
russian_word: адвокат
example: he was an untiring advocate of economic reform|care managers can become advocates for their clients
antonyms: critic
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.|a person who puts a case on someone else's behalf.

synonyms:
champion|upholder|supporter|backer|promoter|proponent|exponent|protector|patron|spokesman for|spokeswoman for|spokesperson for|speaker for|campaigner for|fighter for|battler for|crusader for|missionary|reformer|pioneer|pleader|propagandist|apostle|apologist|booster|plugger

phonetic:
Middle English: from Old French avocat, from Latin advocatus, past participle (used as a noun) of advocare ‘call (to one's aid)’, from ad- ‘to’ + vocare ‘to call’.


word: ADWARE
russian_word: рекламное
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadwɛː
phonetics_text: ˈadwɛː
definition:
software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material such as banners or pop-ups when a user is online.


word: AEDILE
russian_word: эдил
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin aedilis ‘concerned with buildings’, from aedes ‘building’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈiːdʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈiːdʌɪl
definition:
either of two (later four) Roman magistrates responsible for public buildings and originally also for the public games and the supply of corn to the city.


word: AEGIS
russian_word: эгида
example: the negotiations were conducted under the aegis of the UN
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈiːdʒɪs
phonetics_text: ˈiːdʒɪs
definition:
the protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization.|(in classical art and mythology) an attribute of Zeus and Athene (or their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) usually represented as a goatskin shield.

synonyms:
patronage|sponsorship|backing|protection|shelter|umbrella|charge|keeping|care|supervision|guidance|guardianship|trusteeship|support|agency|safeguarding|defence|protectorship|championship|aid|assistance|guaranty|auspices|ward

origin:
early 17th century (denoting armour or a shield, especially that of a god): via Latin from Greek aigis ‘shield of Zeus’.


word: AEON
russian_word: вечность
example: he reached the crag aeons before I arrived
synonyms: age|epoch|generation|year|time|long period|an eternity|a long time
origin: mid 17th century: via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek aiōn ‘age’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈiːən
phonetics_text: ˈiːən
definition:
an indefinite and very long period of time.|(in Neoplatonism, Platonism, and Gnosticism) a power existing from eternity; an emanation or phase of the supreme deity.


word: AERATED
russian_word: газированный
example: aerated spring water|don't get so aerated!
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɛəreɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈɛəreɪtɪd
definition:
(of a liquid) made effervescent by being charged with carbon dioxide or some other gas.|agitated, angry, or overexcited.


word: AEROFOIL
russian_word: аэродинамический
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːrəfɔɪl
phonetics_text: ˈɛːrəfɔɪl
definition:
a structure with curved surfaces designed to give the most favourable ratio of lift to drag in flight, used as the basic form of the wings, fins, and tailplanes of most aircraft.


word: AEROGEL
russian_word: аэрогель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːrədʒɛl
phonetics_text: ˈɛːrədʒɛl
definition:
a solid material of extremely low density, produced by removing the liquid component from a conventional gel.


word: AESTHETIC
russian_word: эстетический
example: the pictures give great aesthetic pleasure
definition: concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: iːsˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: iːsˈθɛtɪk|ɛsˈθɛtɪk
origin:
late 18th century (in the sense ‘relating to perception by the senses’): from Greek aisthētikos, from aisthēta ‘perceptible things’, from aisthesthai ‘perceive’. The sense ‘concerned with beauty’ was coined in German in the mid 18th century and adopted into English in the early 19th century, but its use was controversial until much later in the century.


word: AESTIVATE
russian_word: проводить лето в спячке
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈiːstɪveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈiːstɪveɪt|ˈɛstɪveɪt
definition:
(of an insect, fish, or amphibian) spend a hot or dry period in a prolonged state of torpor or dormancy.

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘pass the summer’): from Latin aestivat-, from aestivare ‘spend the summer’, from aestus ‘heat’.


word: AESTIVATION
russian_word: летняя спячка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌiːstɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌiːstɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n|ˌɛstɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
prolonged torpor or dormancy of an insect, fish, or amphibian during a hot or dry period.|the arrangement of petals and sepals in a flower bud before it opens.


word: AETIOLOGICAL
russian_word: этиологический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌiːtɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌiːtɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
example:
an antibody response to these bacteria could play an aetiological role in ulcerative colitis|the book recounts aetiological stories of the creation

definition:
causing or contributing to the development of a disease or condition.|serving to explain something by giving a cause or reason for it, often in historical or mythical terms.


word: AETIOLOGY
russian_word: этиология
example: the importance of sunlight in the aetiology of melanoma
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌiːtɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌiːtɪˈɒlədʒi
definition:
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.|the investigation or attribution of the cause or reason for something, often expressed in terms of historical or mythical explanation.

origin:
mid 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek aitiologia, from aitia ‘a cause’ + -logia (see -logy).


word: AFFABILITY
russian_word: приветливость
example: an air of benign affability
definition: the quality of having a friendly and good-natured manner.
antonyms: unfriendliness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌafəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ˌafəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
friendliness|amiability|geniality|congeniality|cordiality|warmth|warmness|pleasantness|niceness|charm|agreeableness|good humour|good nature|kindliness|kindness|courtesy|courteousness|civility|graciousness|approachability|approachableness|accessibility|amenability|sociability|gregariousness|conviviality|clubbability|neighbourliness|hospitable manner|obliging nature|easy-going manner|informality|lack of reserve|naturalness|relaxedness|ease|easiness|chumminess|palliness|clubbiness


word: AFFABLE
russian_word: приветливый
example: an affable and agreeable companion
definition: friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to.
antonyms: unfriendly|prickly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈafəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈafəb(ə)l
synonyms:
friendly|amiable|genial|congenial|cordial|warm|pleasant|pleasing|nice|likeable|personable|charming|agreeable|sympathetic|benevolent|benign|good-humoured|good-natured|kindly|kind|courteous|civil|gracious|approachable|accessible|amenable|sociable|outgoing|gregarious|convivial|jovial|clubbable|comradely|neighbourly|welcoming|hospitable|obliging|easy-going|informal|open|communicative|unreserved|uninhibited|natural|relaxed|easy|chummy|pally|matey|decent|clubby|buddy-buddy|conversable

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin affabilis, from the verb affari, from ad- ‘to’ + fari ‘speak’.


word: AFFAIR
russian_word: дело
origin: Middle English: from Old French afaire, from à faire ‘to do’; compare with ado.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈfɛː
phonetics_text: əˈfɛː
example:
the board admitted responsibility for the affair|his wife is having an affair|her dress was a black low-cut affair

definition:
an event or sequence of events of a specified kind or that has previously been referred to.|a sexual relationship between two people, one or both of whom are married to someone else.|an object of a particular type.

synonyms:
event|incident|happening|occurrence|phenomenon|eventuality|episode|interlude|circumstance|set of circumstances|adventure|experience|case|matter|business|thing|proceedings


word: AFFECT
russian_word: влиять
example: the dampness began to affect my health
definition: have an effect on; make a difference to.
antonyms: be unaffected
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈfɛkt
phonetics_text: əˈfɛkt
synonyms:
influence|exert influence on|have an effect on|act on|work on|condition|touch|have an impact on|impact on|take hold of|attack|infect|strike|strike at|hit|change|alter|modify|transform|form|shape|control|govern|determine|decide|guide|sway|bias

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘attack as a disease’): from French affecter or Latin affect- ‘influenced, affected’, from the verb afficere (see affect2).


word: AFFECTATION
russian_word: аффектация
example: the affectation of a man who measures every word for effect
definition: behaviour, speech, or writing that is pretentious and designed to impress.
antonyms: naturalness
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin affectatio(n- ), from the verb affectare (see affect2).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: afɛkˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: afɛkˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
pretension|pretentiousness|affectedness|artificiality|insincerity|posturing|posing|pretence|ostentation|grandiosity|snobbery|superciliousness|airs|airs and graces|pretensions|snootiness|uppishness|humbug|side


word: AFFECTED
russian_word: пострадавших
antonyms: natural|unpretentious|genuine
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈfɛktɪd
phonetics_text: əˈfɛktɪd
example:
affected areas|the gesture appeared both affected and stagy|you might become differently affected towards him

definition:
influenced or touched by an external factor.|artificial, pretentious, and designed to impress.|disposed or inclined in a specified way.

synonyms:
pretentious|high-flown|ostentatious|pompous|grandiose|over-elaborate|overblown|overripe|overworked|overdone|contrived|forced|laboured|strained|stiff|posed|stagy|studied|mannered|hollow|insincere|unconvincing|artificial|unnatural|assumed|pretended|feigned|false|fake|faked|counterfeit|sham|simulated|spurious|pseudo|mock|imitation|la-di-da|hoity-toity|highfalutin|fancy-pants|posey|pseud|phoney|fakey|pretend|put on|poncy|posh|toffee-nosed


word: AFFECTION
russian_word: любовь
example: she felt affection for the wise old lady
definition: a gentle feeling of fondness or liking.|the action or process of affecting or being affected.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈfɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈfɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
fondness|love|liking|endearment|feeling|sentiment|tenderness|warmth|warmness|devotion|care|caring|attentiveness|closeness|attachment|affinity|friendliness|friendship|intimacy|familiarity|amity|favour|regard|respect|admiration|warm feelings

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin affectio(n- ), from afficere ‘to influence’ (see affect2).


word: AFFECTIONATE
russian_word: привязчивый
example: his affectionate nature
definition: readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness.
antonyms: cold|unfeeling
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈfɛkʃ(ə)nət
phonetics_text: əˈfɛkʃ(ə)nət
synonyms:
loving|fond|adoring|devoted|caring|doting|tender|warm|warm-hearted|big-hearted|soft-centred|soft-hearted|soft|unselfish|kind|kind-hearted|kindly|comforting|sympathetic|solicitous|supportive|attentive|friendly|demonstrative|cuddly|amicable|cordial|welcoming|good-natured|brotherly|sisterly|motherly|fatherly|maternal|paternal|maternalistic|paternalistic|touchy-feely|lovey-dovey|chummy|pally|matey|buddy-buddy

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘disposed, inclined towards’): from French affectionné ‘beloved’ or medieval Latin affectionatus ‘devoted’, from affectio(n- ), from afficere ‘to influence’ (see affect2).


word: AFFILIATE
russian_word: филиал
example: they are national associations affiliated to larger organizations
definition: officially attach or connect (a subsidiary group or a person) to an organization.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
associate with|be in league with|unite with|combine with|join with|join up with|join forces with|ally with|form an alliance with|align with|amalgamate with|merge with|coalesce with|federate with|confederate with|form a federation with|form a confederation with|team up with|band together with|cooperate with|annex to|attach to|yoke to|incorporate into|integrate into|associated|allied|related|integrated|amalgamated|incorporated|federated|confederated|unified|connected|linked|joined|bound|belonging|in league|in partnership

phonetic:
mid 18th century: from medieval Latin affiliat- ‘adopted as a son’, from the verb affiliare, from ad- ‘towards’ + filius ‘son’.


word: AFFINE
russian_word: аффинное
definition: allowing for or preserving parallel relationships.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈfʌɪn
phonetics_text: əˈfʌɪn
origin:
early 16th century (as a noun): from Old French afin or Latin affinis ‘related’ (see affinity). The mathematical sense dates from the early 20th century.


word: AFFINITY
russian_word: сродство
antonyms: dislike|aversion|antipathy|blood relationship
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈfɪnɪti
phonetics_text: əˈfɪnɪti
example:
he had a special affinity with horses|the bacterial proteins bind to these molecules with high affinity

definition:
a natural liking for and understanding of someone or something.|the degree to which a substance tends to combine with another.

synonyms:
empathy|rapport|sympathy|accord|harmony|like-mindedness|closeness to|fellow feeling for|understanding of|liking for|fondness for|inclination towards|partiality for|penchant for|predilection towards|attraction towards|chemistry|relationship|bond|connection|propinquity

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘relationship by marriage’): via Old French from Latin affinitas, from affinis ‘related’ (literally ‘bordering on’), from ad- ‘to’ + finis ‘border’.


word: AFFIRM
russian_word: утверждать
definition: state emphatically or publicly.|offer (someone) emotional support or encouragement.
antonyms: deny
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈfəːm
phonetics_text: əˈfəːm
example:
he affirmed the country's commitment to peace|there are five common ways parents fail to affirm their children

synonyms:
declare|state|assert|aver|proclaim|pronounce|attest|swear|avow|vow|guarantee|promise|certify|pledge|give one's word|give an undertaking|asseverate

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘make firm’): via Old French from Latin affirmare, from ad- ‘to’ + firmus ‘strong’.


word: AFFIRMATION
russian_word: утверждение
definition: the action or process of affirming something.|emotional support or encouragement.
antonyms: denial|refutation
origin: late Middle English: from Latin affirmatio(n- ), from the verb affirmare (see affirm).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: afəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: afəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
he nodded in affirmation|the lack of one or both parents' affirmation leaves some children emotionally crippled

synonyms:
assertion|declaration|statement|proclamation|pronouncement|attestation|assurance|oath|vow|swearing|avowal|guarantee|promise|certification|pledge|deposition|asseveration|averment|confirmation|ratification|endorsement|defence


word: AFFIRMATIVE
russian_word: утвердительный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|exclamation
phonetic: əˈfəːmətɪv
phonetics_text: əˈfəːmətɪv
example:
an affirmative answer|the family is usually a source of encouragement from which affirmative influences come|affirmative sentences

definition:
agreeing with or consenting to a statement or request.|supportive, hopeful, or encouraging.|stating that a fact is so; making an assertion.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘assertive, positive’): via Old French from late Latin affirmativus, from affirmare ‘assert’ (see affirm).


word: AFFIX
russian_word: ставить
example: panels to which he affixes copies of fine old prints
definition: stick, attach, or fasten (something) to something else.
antonyms: detach|remove
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
attach|stick|fasten|bind|fix|post|secure|join|connect|couple|clip|tack|pin|glue|paste|gum|tape|Sellotape|append|add|add on

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Old French affixer or medieval Latin affixare, frequentative of Latin affigere, from ad- ‘to’ + figere ‘to fix’.


word: AFFLICT
russian_word: тревожить
example: his younger child was afflicted with a skin disease
definition: (of a problem or illness) cause pain or trouble to; affect adversely.
antonyms: comfort
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈflɪkt
phonetics_text: əˈflɪkt
synonyms:
trouble|bother|burden|distress|cause trouble to|cause suffering to|beset|harass|worry|oppress|annoy|vex|irritate|exasperate|strain|stress|tax|torment|plague|blight|bedevil|pursue|rack|smite|curse|harrow|grip|visit|take|discommode|ail

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘deject, humiliate’): from Latin afflictare ‘knock about, harass’, or from afflict- ‘knocked down, weakened’: both from the verb affligere, from ad- ‘to’ + fligere ‘to strike, dash’.


word: AFFLICTION
russian_word: недуг
example: a crippling affliction of the nervous system
definition: a cause of pain or harm.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈflɪkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈflɪkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
disorder|disease|malady|complaint|ailment|illness|indisposition|scourge|plague|trouble|menace|evil|visitation

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘infliction of pain or humiliation’, specifically ‘religious self-mortification’): via Old French from Latin afflictio(n- ), from the verb affligere (see afflict).


word: AFFLUENCE
russian_word: богатство
example: a sign of our growing affluence
definition: the state of having a great deal of money; wealth.
antonyms: poverty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaflʊəns
phonetics_text: ˈaflʊəns
synonyms:
wealth|prosperity|opulence|fortune|richness|luxury|plenty|riches|money|cash|lucre|resources|assets|possessions|property|substance|means|deep pockets


word: AFFLUENT
russian_word: богатый
example: the affluent societies of the western world
antonyms: poor|impoverished
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈaflʊənt
phonetics_text: ˈaflʊənt
definition:
(especially of a group or area) having a great deal of money; wealthy.|(of water) flowing freely or in great quantity.

synonyms:
wealthy|rich|prosperous|opulent|well off|moneyed|cash rich|with deep pockets|well-to-do|comfortable|propertied|substantial|of means|of substance|in clover|plutocratic|silk-stocking|well heeled|rolling in it/money|in the money|made of money|filthy rich|stinking rich|loaded|flush|on easy street|quids in|worth a packet/bundle

origin:
late Middle English (in affluent (sense 2 of the adjective)): via Old French from Latin affluent- ‘flowing towards, flowing freely’, from the verb affluere, from ad- ‘to’ + fluere ‘to flow’.


word: AFFORCE
russian_word: укреплять состав
example: research teams were sometimes afforced by temporary staff
definition: reinforce (a body of people) with new members.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic:
Middle English (in the sense ‘to force’): from Old French aforcier, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + force (from Latin fortis ‘strong’).


word: AFFORD
russian_word: предоставлять
example: the best that I could afford was a first-floor room|the rooftop terrace affords beautiful views
definition: have enough money to pay for.|provide or supply (an opportunity or facility).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈfɔːd
phonetics_text: əˈfɔːd
synonyms:
pay for|bear/meet the expense of|spare the price of|have the money for|be rich enough for|have the wherewithal for|run to|stretch to|manage

origin:
late Old English geforthian, from ge- (prefix implying completeness) + forthian ‘to further’, from forth. The original sense was ‘promote, perform, accomplish’, later ‘manage, be in a position to do’.


word: AFFOREST
russian_word: облесить
example: a grant paid to farmers who afforest agricultural land
definition: convert (land) into forest, especially for commercial exploitation.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈfɒrɪst
phonetics_text: əˈfɒrɪst
origin:
early 16th century: from medieval Latin afforestare, from ad- ‘to’ (expressing change) + foresta ‘forest’.


word: AFFRAY
russian_word: драка
example: Lowe was charged with causing an affray
definition: an instance of group fighting in a public place that disturbs the peace.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈfreɪ
phonetics_text: əˈfreɪ
synonyms:
fight|brawl|battle|engagement|encounter|confrontation|melee|clash|skirmish|scuffle|tussle|fracas|altercation|disturbance|commotion|breach of the peace|riot|scrap|dust-up|punch-up|set-to|shindy|shindig|free-for-all|afters

origin:
Middle English (in the general sense ‘disturbance, fray’): from Anglo-Norman French afrayer ‘disturb, startle’, based on an element of Germanic origin related to Old English frithu ‘peace, safety’ (compare with German Friede ‘peace’).


word: AFICIONADO
russian_word: поклонник
example: a crossword aficionado
definition: a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about an activity, subject, or pastime.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌfɪsjəˈnɑːdəʊ
phonetics_text: əˌfɪsjəˈnɑːdəʊ|əˌfɪʃ(j)əˈnɑːdəʊ
synonyms:
connoisseur|expert|authority|specialist|pundit|one of the cognoscenti|cognoscente|devotee|appreciator|fan|fanatic|savant|enthusiast|lover|addict|buff|freak|nut|fiend|maniac|a great one for

origin:
mid 19th century (denoting a devotee of bullfighting): from Spanish, ‘amateur’, past participle of aficioner ‘become fond of’ used as a noun, based on Latin affectio(n-) ‘(favourable) disposition towards’ (see affection).


word: AFLOAT
russian_word: на плаву
example: they trod water to keep afloat|professional management will be needed to keep firms afloat
definition: floating in water; not sinking.|out of debt or difficulty.
antonyms: sunk|sinking
synonyms: buoyant|floating|buoyed up|non-submerged|suspended|drifting|on/above the surface
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈfləʊt
phonetics_text: əˈfləʊt
origin:
Old English on flote  (see a-2, float), influenced in Middle English by Old Norse á flot(i ) and Old French en flot .


word: AFOOT
russian_word: пешком
example: plans are afoot for a festival|they were forced to go afoot
definition: in preparation or progress; happening or beginning to happen.|on foot.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈfʊt
phonetics_text: əˈfʊt
synonyms:
going on|happening|around|about|abroad|circulating|current|stirring|in circulation|at large|going about|in the air|in the wind|brewing|looming|on the way|in the offing|on the horizon|on the go|doing the rounds|on the cards|in the pipeline


word: AFORESAID
russian_word: вышеупомянутый
definition: another term for aforementioned.
antonyms: subsequent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈfɔːsɛd
phonetics_text: əˈfɔːsɛd
synonyms:
previously mentioned|aforementioned|aforenamed|previously described|above|above-stated|foregoing|preceding|precedent|earlier|previous|same|selfsame


word: AFRAID
russian_word: боится
example: I'm afraid of dogs
definition: feeling fear or anxiety; frightened.
antonyms: unafraid|brave|confident
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈfreɪd
phonetics_text: əˈfreɪd
synonyms:
frightened|scared|scared stiff|terrified|fearful|petrified|nervous|scared to death|apprehensive (about)|intimidated (by)|alarmed (at)|uneasy|tense|worried|panicky|terror-stricken|terror-struck|horror-stricken|horror-struck|scared witless|beside oneself|frantic|hysterical|shaking in one's shoes|shaking like a leaf|timid|timorous|faint-hearted|cowardly|cowering|cowed|pusillanimous|daunted|nervy|in a (blue) funk|in a cold sweat|in a flap|in a fluster|in a state|in a tizzy/tizz|yellow|chicken|jittery|jumpy|frit|feart|spooked|afeared|affrighted|shit scared

origin:
Middle English: past participle of the obsolete verb affray, from Anglo-Norman French afrayer (see affray).


word: AFRO
russian_word: афро
origin: 1930s (as an adjective in the sense ‘African or African American’): from Afro-.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈafrəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈafrəʊ
definition:
a hairstyle in which naturally kinky or tightly curled hair is styled in such a way as to stand out all round the head.


word: AFRORMOSIA
russian_word: Афромозия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌafrɔːˈməʊzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌafrɔːˈməʊzɪə
definition:
the valuable timber of a tropical tree, resembling teak and used for furniture.|the tree that yields afrormosia timber, occurring mainly in West Africa.

origin:
1920s: modern Latin, from Afro- + the related genus name Ormosia, formed irregularly from Greek hormos ‘necklace’ (because necklaces were strung with the seeds).


word: AFTER
russian_word: после
antonyms: before|preceding
synonyms: following|subsequent to|succeeding|at the close/end of|in the wake of|later than|posterior to
origin: Old English æfter, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch achter .
part_of_speech: preposition|conjunction|adverb|adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːftə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftə
example:
shortly after their marriage they moved to Colorado|she went out, shutting the door after her|they're chasing after something that doesn't exist|in their order of priorities health comes after housing|they named her Pauline, after Barbara's mother

definition:
in the time following (an event or another period of time).|behind.|in pursuit or quest of.|next to and following in order or importance.|in allusion to (someone or something with the same or a related name).


word: AFTER A FASHION
russian_word: кое-как
example: he could read after a fashion
definition: to a certain extent but not perfectly.
synonyms:
to a certain extent|in a way|in a rough way|somehow or other|somehow|in an approximate manner|in a manner of speaking|in its way|ish


word: AFTER ALL
russian_word: несмотря на
example: I rang and told her I couldn't come after all
definition: in spite of any indications or expectations to the contrary.
synonyms:
most importantly|above all|beyond everything|most of all|ultimately|first and foremost|essentially|basically|elementally|at bottom|when you get right down to it|when all's said and done|at the end of the day|when push comes to shove


word: AFTERBURNER
russian_word: форсажная камера
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːftəˌbəːnə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftəˌbəːnə
definition:
an auxiliary burner in which extra fuel is burned in the exhaust of a jet engine, to increase thrust.


word: AFTERCARE
russian_word: уход за выздоравливающим
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːftəkɛː
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftəkɛː
definition:
care of a patient after a stay in hospital or of a person on release from prison.|support or advice offered to a customer following the purchase of a product or service.


word: AFTERLIFE
russian_word: загробная жизнь
definition: (in some religions) life after death.|the later part of a person's life.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːftəlʌɪf
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftəlʌɪf
example:
most Christians believe in an afterlife|they spent much of their afterlife trying to forget the fire

synonyms:
life after death|immortality|everlasting life|heaven|paradise|nirvana|the next world|the hereafter|afterworld|world without end


word: AFTERMATH
russian_word: последствия
example: food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːftəmaθ
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftəmaθ|ˈɑːftəmɑːθ
definition:
the consequences or after-effects of a significant unpleasant event.|new grass growing after mowing or harvest.

synonyms:
repercussions|after-effects|by-product|fallout|backwash|trail|wake|corollary|reverberations|consequences|effects|results|fruits|end result|outcome|upshot|issue|end|follow-up

origin:
late 15th century (in aftermath (sense 2)): from after (as an adjective) + dialect math ‘mowing’, of Germanic origin; related to German Mahd .


word: AFTERS
russian_word: второе и третье блюда
example: there was apple pie for afters|they were both yellow-carded for a spot of afters before half-time
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːftəz
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftəz
definition:
the sweet course following the main course of a meal; pudding.|(in soccer) a confrontation between players after a foul or other incident.


word: AFTERTOUCH
russian_word: ретушь
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a facility on an electronic music keyboard by which an effect is produced by depressing a key after striking it.


word: AFTERWARDS
russian_word: впоследствии
example: the offender was arrested shortly afterwards
definition: at a later or future time.
origin: Old English æftewearde, from æftan ‘aft’ + -wards, influenced by after.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɑːftəwədz
phonetics_text: ˈɑːftəwədz
synonyms:
later|later on|subsequently|then|after|after this/that|following this/that|at a later time/date|next|eventually|after a period of time|in due course|thereupon


word: AGAIN AND AGAIN
russian_word: то и дело
definition: repeatedly.
synonyms:
repeatedly|over and over (again)|time and (time) again|many times|many a time|on several occasions|often|frequently|recurrently|habitually|continually|persistently|constantly


word: AGAINST
russian_word: против
antonyms: in favour of|pro
part_of_speech: preposition
phonetic: əˈɡɛnst
phonetics_text: əˈɡɛnst|əˈɡeɪnst
example:
the fight against crime|he gritted his teeth against the pain|she stood with her back against the door|the benefits must be weighed against the costs

definition:
in opposition to.|in anticipation of and preparation for (a problem or difficulty).|in or into physical contact with (something), so as to be supported by or collide with it.|in conceptual contrast to.

synonyms:
opposed to|in opposition to|hostile to|averse to|antagonistic towards|inimical to|unsympathetic to|resistant to|at odds with|in disagreement with|contra|in defiance of|versus|counter|at cross purposes with|dead set against|anti|con|agin

origin:
Middle English: from again + -s (adverbial genitive) + -t probably by association with superlatives (as in amongst ).


word: AGAMA
russian_word: агама
origin: late 18th century: perhaps from Carib (the name was originally applied to a West Indian lizard).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈɡɑːmə
phonetics_text: əˈɡɑːmə
definition:
an Old World lizard with a large head and a long tail, typically showing a marked difference in colour and form between the sexes.


word: AGAR
russian_word: агар
origin: early 19th century: from Malay.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪɡɑː
phonetics_text: ˈeɪɡɑː
definition:
a gelatinous substance obtained from certain red seaweeds and used in biological culture media and as a thickener in foods.


word: AGARIC
russian_word: пластинчатый гриб
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡ(ə)rɪk
phonetics_text: ˈaɡ(ə)rɪk|əˈɡɑːrɪk
definition:
a fungus with a fruiting body that resembles a mushroom, having a convex or flattened cap with gills on the underside.

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting various bracket fungi with medicinal or other uses): from Latin agaricum, from Greek agarikon ‘tree fungus’.


word: AGAROSE
russian_word: агароза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡərəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈaɡərəʊz|ˈaɡərəʊs
definition:
a substance which is the main constituent of agar and is used especially in gels for electrophoresis. It is a polysaccharide mainly containing galactose residues.


word: AGAVE
russian_word: агава
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈɡeɪvi
phonetics_text: əˈɡeɪvi
definition:
a succulent plant with rosettes of narrow spiny leaves and tall flower spikes, native to the southern US and tropical America.

origin:
Latin, from Greek Agauē, the name of one of the daughters of Cadmus in Greek mythology, from agauos ‘illustrious’.


word: AGE
russian_word: возраст
example: he died from a heart attack at the age of 51|an age of technological growth
definition: the length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed.|a distinct period of history.
origin: Middle English: from Old French, based on Latin aetas, aetat-, from aevum ‘age, era’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: eɪdʒ
phonetics_text: eɪdʒ
synonyms:
number of years|lifetime|duration|length of life|stage of life|generation|age group|peer group|years|summers|winters


word: AGED
russian_word: пожилой
example: young people aged 14 to 18|aged men with white hair|replica guitar with aged finish
antonyms: young
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
having lived for a specified length of time; of a specified age.|having lived or existed for a long time; very old.|having been subjected to ageing.

synonyms:
elderly|old|mature|older|senior|ancient|venerable|advanced in years|getting on|in one's dotage|long in the tooth|as old as the hills|grey|grey-haired|grey-bearded|grizzled|hoary|past one's prime|not as young as one was|not as young as one used to be|decrepit|doddering|doddery|not long for this world|senile|superannuated|septuagenarian|octogenarian|nonagenarian|centenarian|past it|over the hill|no spring chicken|senescent|longevous


word: AGENCY
russian_word: агентство
example: an advertising agency|canals carved by the agency of running water
synonyms: business|organization|company|firm|office|bureau|concern|service|branch|representative
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin agentia, from agent- ‘doing’ (see agent).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪdʒ(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ˈeɪdʒ(ə)nsi
definition:
a business or organization providing a particular service on behalf of another business, person, or group.|action or intervention producing a particular effect.


word: AGENDA
russian_word: повестка дня
example: the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda
definition: a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.|an appointment diary.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈdʒɛndə
phonetics_text: əˈdʒɛndə
origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘things to be done’): from Latin, neuter plural of agendum, gerundive of agere ‘do’.


word: AGENT
russian_word: агент
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈeɪdʒ(ə)nt
example:
in the event of illness, a durable power of attorney enabled her nephew to act as her agent|these teachers view themselves as agents of social change

definition:
a person who acts on behalf of another person or group.|a person or thing that takes an active role or produces a specified effect.

synonyms:
representative|negotiator|business manager|emissary|envoy|factor|go-between|proxy|surrogate|trustee|liaison|broker|delegate|spokesperson|spokesman|spokeswoman|frontman|mouthpiece|rep

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘someone or something that produces an effect’): from Latin agent- ‘doing’, from agere .


word: AGGLOMERATION
russian_word: агломерация
example: the arts centre is an agglomeration of theatres, galleries, shops, restaurants and bars
definition: a mass or collection of things; an assemblage.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əɡlɒməˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əɡlɒməˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
collection|mass|cluster|lump|clump|pile|heap|bunch|stack|bundle|quantity|hoard|store|stockpile|accumulation|aggregate|build-up|miscellany|jumble|hotchpotch|mixed bag


word: AGGLUTINATE
russian_word: агглютинировать
example: this secretion may form crusts agglutinating the eyelids
definition: firmly stick or be stuck together to form a mass.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈɡluːtɪneɪt
phonetics_text: əˈɡluːtɪneɪt
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin agglutinat- ‘caused to adhere’, from the verb agglutinare, from ad- ‘to’ + glutinare (from gluten ‘glue’).


word: AGGRAVATE
russian_word: усугублять
example: military action would only aggravate the situation
definition: make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more serious.|annoy or exasperate.
antonyms: calm|conciliate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈaɡrəveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaɡrəveɪt
synonyms:
annoy|irritate|exasperate|anger|irk|vex|put out|nettle|provoke|incense|rile|infuriate|antagonize|get on someone's nerves|rub up the wrong way|make someone's blood boil|ruffle someone's feathers|ruffle|try someone's patience|make someone's hackles rise|offend|pique|rankle|peeve|needle|make someone see red|get someone's back up|get someone's goat|get under someone's skin|bug|get someone|miff|hack off|wind up|get at|nark|get across|get on someone's wick|get up someone's nose|tick off|bum out|piss off

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin aggravat- ‘made heavy’, from the verb aggravare, from ad- (expressing increase) + gravis ‘heavy’.


word: AGGRAVATION
russian_word: ухудшение
definition: the state of becoming worse or more serious; exacerbation.|annoyance or exasperation.
antonyms: alleviate|improve|improvement
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaɡrəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌaɡrəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the patient experienced an aggravation of symptoms|the whole business has caused me a lot of aggravation

synonyms:
worsen|make worse|exacerbate|inflame|compound|intensify|increase|heighten|magnify|add to|amplify|augment|add fuel to the fire/flames|add insult to injury|rub salt in the wound|worsening|exacerbation|compounding|intensification|heightening|magnification|amplification|augmentation


word: AGGREGATE
russian_word: совокупный
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
example:
the council was an aggregate of three regional assemblies|the specimen is an aggregate of rock and mineral fragments

definition:
a whole formed by combining several separate elements.|a material or structure formed from a mass of fragments or particles loosely compacted together.

synonyms:
collection|mass|cluster|lump|clump|pile|heap|bundle|quantity|accumulation|build-up|agglomeration|concentration|assemblage|mixture|mix|combination|blend|compound|alloy|amalgam|conjunction|synthesis|marriage|miscellany|jumble|hotchpotch|mixed bag

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin aggregat- ‘herded together’, from the verb aggregare, from ad- ‘towards’ + grex, greg- ‘a flock’.


word: AGGREGATOR
russian_word: агрегатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡrɪɡeɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈaɡrɪɡeɪtə
definition:
a website or program that collects related items of content and displays them or links to them.|a company that negotiates with producers of a utility service such as electricity on behalf of groups of consumers.


word: AGGRESSION
russian_word: агрессия
example: his chin was jutting with aggression
antonyms: meekness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour; readiness to attack or confront.

synonyms:
hostility|aggressiveness|belligerence|bellicosity|antagonism|truculence|pugnacity|pugnaciousness|combativeness|militancy|warmongering|warlikeness|hawkishness|force|violence|attack|assault|encroachment|offence|invasion|infringement

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘an attack’): from Latin aggressio(n- ), from aggredi ‘to attack’, from ad- ‘towards’ + gradi ‘proceed, walk’.


word: AGGRESSIVE
russian_word: агрессивный
example: he's very uncooperative and aggressive
definition: ready or likely to attack or confront; characterized by or resulting from aggression.
antonyms: meek|friendly|peaceful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈɡrɛsɪv
phonetics_text: əˈɡrɛsɪv
synonyms:
hostile|belligerent|bellicose|antagonistic|truculent|pugnacious|combative|violent|macho|confrontational|quarrelsome|argumentative|badass|warmongering|warlike|warring|hawkish|attacking|jingoistic|militaristic|flag-waving|sabre-rattling|offensive|expansionist|invasive|intrusive|gung-ho

origin:
early 19th century: from Latin aggress- ‘attacked’ (from the verb aggredi ) + -ive; compare with French agressif, -ive .


word: AGGRIEVED
russian_word: пострадавший
example: they were aggrieved at the outcome
definition: feeling resentment at having been unfairly treated.
antonyms: pleased
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈɡriːvd
phonetics_text: əˈɡriːvd
synonyms:
resentful|affronted|indignant|disgruntled|discontented|angry|distressed|unhappy|disturbed|anguished|hurt|pained|upset|offended|piqued|in high dudgeon|riled|nettled|vexed|irked|irritated|annoyed|put out|chagrined|peeved|miffed|in a huff|cheesed off|sore|steamed|pissed off|pissed

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘distressed’): past participle of aggrieve, from Old French agrever ‘make heavier’, based on Latin aggravare (see aggravate).


word: AGHAST
russian_word: в ужасе
example: she winced, aghast at his cruelty
definition: filled with horror or shock.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈɡɑːst
phonetics_text: əˈɡɑːst
synonyms:
horrified|appalled|astounded|amazed|dismayed|thunderstruck|stunned|shocked|shell-shocked|in shock|flabbergasted|staggered|taken aback|speechless|awestruck|open-mouthed|wide-eyed|floored|gobsmacked

origin:
late Middle English: past participle of the obsolete verb agast, gast  ‘frighten’, from Old English gǣsten . The spelling with gh (originally Scots) became general by about 1700, probably influenced by ghost; compare with ghastly.


word: AGILE
russian_word: проворный
example: Ruth was as agile as a monkey|agile methods replace high-level design with frequent redesign
antonyms: clumsy|stiff|slow|dull
origin: late Middle English: via French from Latin agilis, from agere ‘do’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈadʒʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈadʒʌɪl
definition:
able to move quickly and easily.|relating to or denoting a method of project management, used especially for software development, that is characterized by the division of tasks into short phases of work and frequent reassessment and adaptation of plans.

synonyms:
nimble|lithe|spry|supple|limber|sprightly|acrobatic|dexterous|deft|willowy|graceful|light-footed|nimble-footed|light on one's feet|fleet-footed|active|fit|in good condition|lively|vigorous|quick-moving|nippy|twinkle-toed|fleet|lightsome|alert|sharp|acute|clever|shrewd|astute|intelligent|quick-witted|perceptive|penetrating|piercing|quick off the mark|finely honed|rapier-like|smart|on the ball


word: AGIO
russian_word: ажиотаж
origin: late 17th century: from Italian agio, aggio, literally ‘ease, convenience’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadʒɪəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈadʒɪəʊ
definition:
the percentage charged on the exchange of one currency, or one form of money, into another that is more valuable.


word: AGIST
russian_word: пасти по найму чужой скот на своей земле
example: the dairy farmer might wish to agist lambs after the cows are housed for the winter
definition: take in and feed (livestock) for payment.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈeɪdʒɪst
phonetics_text: ˈeɪdʒɪst
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘use or allow the use of land for pasture’): from Old French agister, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + gister, from giste ‘lodging’.


word: AGITATE
russian_word: агитировать
antonyms: calm
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈadʒɪteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈadʒɪteɪt
example:
the thought of questioning Toby agitated him extremely|agitate the water to disperse the oil|they agitated for a reversal of the decision

definition:
make (someone) troubled or nervous.|stir or disturb (something, especially a liquid) briskly.|campaign to arouse public concern about an issue in the hope of prompting action.

synonyms:
upset|perturb|fluster|ruffle|disconcert|unnerve|disquiet|disturb|distress|unsettle|bother|concern|trouble|cause anxiety to|make anxious|alarm|work up|flurry|worry|inflame|incite|provoke|stir up|rattle|faze|discombobulate

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘drive away’): from Latin agitat- ‘agitated, driven’, from agitare, frequentative of agere ‘do, drive’.


word: AGITATED
russian_word: взволнованный
example: there's no point getting agitated
definition: feeling or appearing troubled or nervous.
antonyms: calm|relaxed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈadʒɪteɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈadʒɪteɪtɪd
synonyms:
upset|perturbed|flustered|ruffled|disconcerted|unnerved|disquieted|disturbed|distressed|unsettled|bothered|concerned|troubled|anxious|alarmed|worked up|worried|harassed|nervous|jittery|jumpy|on edge|tense|overwrought|frantic|keyed up|in a panic|inflamed|stirred up|rattled|fazed|discombobulated|in a dither|in a flap|in a state|in a lather|in a tizz/tizzy|all of a dither|beside oneself|hot and bothered|hot under the collar|having kittens|in a (flat) spin|stressy


word: AGITATION
russian_word: агитация
antonyms: calmness|relaxation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: adʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: adʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
she was wringing her hands in agitation|the techniques mostly involve agitation by stirring|widespread agitation for social reform

definition:
a state of anxiety or nervous excitement.|brisk stirring or disturbance of a liquid.|the arousing of public concern about an issue and pressing for action on it.

synonyms:
anxiety|perturbation|disquiet|distress|concern|trouble|alarm|worry|upset|nervous excitement|disconcertment

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘action, being active’): from Latin agitatio(n- ), from the verb agitare (see agitate).


word: AGITATIONAL
russian_word: агитационный
example: even in these days of mass communication, theatre retains its agitational power
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌadʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌadʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
intended to arouse or provoke a strong public response to an issue in the hope of prompting political action.


word: AGITATOR
russian_word: агитатор
example: a political agitator
definition: a person who urges others to protest or rebel.|an apparatus for stirring liquid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈadʒɪteɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈadʒɪteɪtə
synonyms:
troublemaker|rabble-rouser|demagogue|soapbox orator|incendiary|revolutionary|firebrand|rebel|insurgent|revolutionist|subversive|instigator|inciter|provoker|fomenter|dissentient|agent provocateur|stirrer


word: AGNOSIA
russian_word: агнозия
example: visual agnosia
origin: late 19th century: coined in German from Greek agnōsia ‘ignorance’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əɡˈnəʊsɪə
phonetics_text: əɡˈnəʊsɪə
definition:
inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result of brain damage.


word: AGNOSTIC
russian_word: агностик
definition: a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God.
antonyms: believer|theist
origin: mid 19th century: from a-1 ‘not’ + gnostic.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: aɡˈnɒstɪk
phonetics_text: aɡˈnɒstɪk
synonyms:
sceptic|doubter|questioner|doubting Thomas|challenger|scoffer|cynic|unbeliever|disbeliever|non-believer|rationalist|nullifidian


word: AGO
russian_word: тому назад
example: he went five minutes ago
definition: before the present; earlier (used with a measurement of time).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈɡəʊ
phonetics_text: əˈɡəʊ
synonyms:
in the past|before the present|before|earlier|back|in time gone by|since|formerly|previously|heretofore

origin:
Middle English ago, agone, past participle of the obsolete verb ago  ‘pass’, used to express passage of time.


word: AGOG
russian_word: в напряженном ожидании
example: I'm all agog
definition: very eager or curious to hear or see something.
antonyms: uninterested|incurious
origin: mid 16th century: from Old French en gogues, from en ‘in’ + the plural of gogue ‘fun’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈɡɒɡ
phonetics_text: əˈɡɒɡ
synonyms:
eager|excited|impatient|in suspense|on tenterhooks|on the edge of one's seat|on pins and needles|keen|anxious|longing|curious|expectant|enthralled|enthusiastic|avid|breathless|open-mouthed|waiting with bated breath|itching


word: AGONIST
russian_word: агонист
example: there is a failure to select the right agonist muscles
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡənɪst
phonetics_text: ˈaɡənɪst
definition:
a substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.|a muscle whose contraction moves a part of the body directly.|another term for protagonist.

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘a competitor in games’): from Greek agōnistēs ‘contestant’, from agōn ‘contest’.


word: AGONIZE
russian_word: мучиться
example: I didn't agonize over the problem
definition: undergo great mental anguish through worrying about something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈaɡənʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈaɡənʌɪz
synonyms:
worry|fret|fuss|upset oneself|rack one's brains|wrestle with oneself|be worried|be anxious|feel uneasy|exercise oneself|brood|muse|mull over|dwell on|contemplate|ruminate|chew over|puzzle over|speculate|weigh up|turn over in one's mind|be indecisive|stew|pore on

origin:
late 16th century: from French agoniser or late Latin agonizare, from Greek agōnizesthai ‘contend’, from agōn ‘contest’.


word: AGONIZING
russian_word: мучительный
example: an agonizing death
definition: causing great physical or mental pain.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaɡənʌɪzɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈaɡənʌɪzɪŋ
synonyms:
excruciating|harrowing|racking|painful|acute|severe|intense|extreme|grievous|hellish|killing|searing|torturous|tormenting|piercing|insufferable|unbearable|unendurable|more than one can bear|exquisite


word: AGONY
russian_word: агония
example: he crashed to the ground in agony
definition: extreme physical or mental suffering.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡəni
phonetics_text: ˈaɡəni
synonyms:
pain|hurt|suffering|torture|torment|anguish|affliction|trauma|misery|distress|grief|woe|wretchedness|heartbreak|heartache|pangs|throes|excruciation

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting mental anguish alone): via Old French and late Latin from Greek agōnia, from agōn ‘contest’. The sense of physical suffering dates from the early 17th century.


word: AGORAPHOBIA
russian_word: агорафобия
origin: late 19th century: from Greek agora ‘place of assembly, marketplace’ + -phobia.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaɡ(ə)rəˈfəʊbɪə
phonetics_text: ˌaɡ(ə)rəˈfəʊbɪə
definition:
extreme or irrational fear of entering open or crowded places, of leaving one's own home, or of being in places from which escape is difficult.


word: AGORAPHOBIC
russian_word: страдающий агорафобией
example: lately I've become completely agoraphobic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: aɡ(ə)rəˈfəʊbɪk
phonetics_text: aɡ(ə)rəˈfəʊbɪk
definition:
having an extreme or irrational fear of entering open or crowded places, of leaving one's own home, or of being in places from which escape is difficult.


word: AGOUTI
russian_word: агути
origin: mid 16th century: via French or from Spanish aguti, from Tupi akutí .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈɡuːti
phonetics_text: əˈɡuːti
definition:
a large long-legged burrowing rodent related to the guinea pig, native to Central and South America.


word: AGRARIAN
russian_word: аграрный
example: Brazil is rapidly diversifying its agrarian economy
definition: relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.
synonyms: agricultural|rural|countryside|farming|rustic|pastoral|bucolic|georgic|sylvan|Arcadian|agrestic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈɡrɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: əˈɡrɛːrɪən
origin:
early 17th century (originally denoting a Roman law for the division of conquered lands): from Latin agrarius, from ager, agr- ‘field’.


word: A GREAT DEAL
russian_word: большое количество
example: I don't know a great deal about politics
definition: a large amount.
antonyms: very little
synonyms:
a lot|a great amount|a large amount|a fair amount|much|plenty|lots|loads|heaps|bags|masses|piles|stacks|tons|a shedload|a shitload|an assload


word: AGREE
russian_word: соглашаться
antonyms: disagree|differ
origin: late Middle English: from Old French agreer, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + gratus ‘pleasing’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈɡriː
phonetics_text: əˈɡriː
example:
I completely agree with your recent editorial|she had agreed to go and see a movie with him|your body language does not agree with what you are saying|she's eaten something that didn't agree with her

definition:
have the same opinion about something; concur.|say that one will do something which has been suggested by another person.|be consistent with.|(of food, conditions, etc.) be healthy or appropriate for (someone).

synonyms:
concur|be of the same mind/opinion|see eye to eye|be in sympathy|sympathize|be united|be as one man|accord|acknowledge|admit|concede|grant|own|confess


word: AGREEABLE
russian_word: приятный
example: a cheerful and agreeable companion|they were agreeable to its publication
definition: quite enjoyable and pleasurable; pleasant.|willing to agree to something.
antonyms: disagreeable|unpleasant
origin: late Middle English: from Old French agreable, from agreer ‘make agreeable to’ (see agree).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈɡriːəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈɡriːəb(ə)l
synonyms:
pleasant|pleasing|enjoyable|pleasurable|nice|to one's liking|appealing|engaging|satisfying|fine|charming|delightful|likeable|amiable|affable|friendly|good-natured|sociable|genial|congenial|sympathetic|benign|benevolent


word: AGREEMENT
russian_word: соглашение
example: the two officers nodded in agreement
definition: harmony or accordance in opinion or feeling.
antonyms: disagreement
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from agreer ‘make agreeable to’ (see agree).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈɡriːm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈɡriːm(ə)nt
synonyms:
accord|concurrence|consensus|harmony|accordance|unity|unison|concord|like-mindedness|rapport|sympathy|assent|acceptance|consent|acquiescence|endorsement|confirmation|contract|compact|treaty|covenant|pact|deal|bargain|settlement|concordat|protocol|entente|arrangement|understanding|pledge|promise|bond


word: AGRIBUSINESS
russian_word: агробизнес
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡrɪbɪznəs
phonetics_text: ˈaɡrɪbɪznəs
definition:
agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principles.|the group of industries dealing with agricultural produce and services required in farming.


word: AGRICULTURAL
russian_word: сельскохозяйственный
example: agricultural land|Keith took an agricultural swing at the ball
definition: relating to agriculture.|(in a sporting context) clumsy.
antonyms: urban|wild
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: aɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl
phonetics_text: aɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl
synonyms:
farm|farming|agrarian|rural|countryside|country|rustic|pastoral|bucolic|georgic|sylvan|Arcadian|agrestic|farmed|cultivated|tilled|productive


word: AGRICULTURE
russian_word: сельское хозяйство
antonyms: industry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡrɪkʌltʃə
phonetics_text: ˈaɡrɪkʌltʃə
definition:
the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

synonyms:
farming|cultivation|tillage|tilling|husbandry|land management|farm management|crofting|agribusiness|agronomics|agronomy

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin agricultura, from ager, agr- ‘field’ + cultura ‘growing, cultivation’.


word: AGRIMONY
russian_word: репейник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaɡrɪməni
phonetics_text: ˈaɡrɪməni
definition:
a plant of the rose family which bears slender flower spikes and hooked fruits, found in north temperate regions.

origin:
late Middle English: directly or (in early use) via Old French from Latin agrimonia, alteration of argemonia, from Greek argemōnē ‘poppy’.


word: AGROBIOLOGY
russian_word: агробиология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aɡrəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: aɡrəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi
definition:
the branch of biology that deals with soil science and plant nutrition and its application to crop production.


word: AHEAD
russian_word: вперед
example: the road ahead|he was slightly ahead on points|profits were slightly ahead
antonyms: behind|at the back
origin: mid 16th century (originally in nautical use): from a-2 ‘in, at’ + head.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈhɛd
phonetics_text: əˈhɛd
definition:
further forward in space; in the line of one's forward motion.|in the lead.|higher in number, amount, or value than previously.

synonyms:
forwards|towards the front|frontwards|onwards|on|forth|in front|at the head|in the lead|at the fore|to the fore|in the vanguard|in the van|in advance|at the head of the queue|at the head of the line


word: AHEAD OF TIME
russian_word: досрочно
example: being prepared with appropriate graphics ahead of time is a great policy
definition: in advance.
antonyms: behind time|late
synonyms:
early|earlier than expected|earlier than required|in good time|with time to spare|timely|in advance|sooner|in readiness|already


word: AHIMSA
russian_word: ахимса
origin: Sanskrit, from a ‘non-, without’ + hiṃsā ‘violence’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈhɪmsɑː
phonetics_text: əˈhɪmsɑː
definition:
(in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist tradition) respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others.


word: AID
russian_word: помощь
example: he saw the pilot slumped in his cockpit and went to his aid
definition: help, typically of a practical nature.|a grant of subsidy or tax to a king or queen.
antonyms: hindrance
synonyms: assistance|support|help|backing|abettance|encouragement|cooperation|succour|a helping hand
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: eɪd
phonetics_text: eɪd
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French aide (noun), aidier (verb), based on Latin adjuvare, from ad- ‘towards’ + juvare ‘to help’.


word: AIDE
russian_word: помощник
definition: an assistant to an important person, especially a political leader.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: eɪd
phonetics_text: eɪd
synonyms:
assistant|helper|adviser|right-hand man|attaché|adjutant|deputy|second|second in command|lieutenant|wingman|acolyte|auxiliary|companion|confidante|subordinate|junior|underling|lackey|flunkey|henchman|cohort|main man|man/girl Friday|body man


word: AIGUILLETTE
russian_word: аксельбант
origin: mid 16th century: from French, literally ‘small needle’, diminutive of aiguille .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌeɪɡwɪˈlɛt
phonetics_text: ˌeɪɡwɪˈlɛt
definition:
an ornament on some military and naval uniforms, consisting of braided loops hanging from the shoulder and on dress uniforms ending in points that resemble pencils.


word: AIL
russian_word: айыл
example: exercise is good for whatever ails one
definition: trouble or afflict (someone) in mind or body.
synonyms: trouble|afflict|pain|bedevil|beset|rack|curse|distress|bother|worry|sicken|be the matter with
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: eɪl
phonetics_text: eɪl
origin:
Old English eglian, eglan, from egle  ‘troublesome’, of Germanic origin; related to Gothic agls ‘disgraceful’.


word: AILANTHUS
russian_word: айлант
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: eɪˈlanθəs
phonetics_text: eɪˈlanθəs
definition:
a tall large-leaved deciduous tree grown as an ornamental or shade tree. Native to Asia and Australasia, it has been naturalized in North America and Europe.

origin:
modern Latin, from French ailante, from Ambonese ailanto, literally ‘tree of heaven’ (the ending being influenced by names ending with -anthus, from Greek anthos ‘flower’).


word: AILING
russian_word: больной
example: I went to see my ailing mother
definition: in poor health.
antonyms: healthy|strong|successful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈeɪlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈeɪlɪŋ
synonyms:
ill|unwell|not well|sick|sickly|poorly|weak|indisposed|in poor/bad health|infirm|debilitated|delicate|off colour|languishing|valetudinarian|dying|at death's door|under the weather|below par|laid up|failing|in poor condition|poor|inadequate|deficient|imperfect|substandard|flawed|crappy


word: AILMENT
russian_word: болезнь
example: the doctor diagnosed a common stomach ailment
definition: an illness, typically a minor one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪlm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈeɪlm(ə)nt
synonyms:
illness|disease|disorder|sickness|affliction|malady|complaint|infection|upset|condition|infirmity|indisposition|malaise|trouble|bug|virus|lurgy


word: AIM
russian_word: цель
example: aim the camcorder at some suitable object|the programme will aim at deepening understanding
definition: point or direct (a weapon or camera) at a target.|have the intention of achieving.
synonyms: point|direct|train|sight|focus|level|line up|position|turn something on someone
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: eɪm
phonetics_text: eɪm
origin:
Middle English: from Old French amer, variant of esmer (from Latin aestimare ‘assess, estimate’), reinforced by aemer, aesmer (from late Latin adaestimare, intensified form of aestimare ).


word: AIMLESS
russian_word: бесцельный
example: an aimless existence
definition: without purpose or direction.
antonyms: purposeful|determined
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈeɪmlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈeɪmlɪs
synonyms:
purposeless|pointless|goalless|undirected|objectless|unfocused|without purpose|without goal|meaningless|senseless|futile|hollow|frivolous|barren|profitless|fruitless|unambitious|apathetic|drifting|wandering|adrift|unoccupied|idle|at a loose end|with time to kill


word: AIR
russian_word: воздух
example: she answered with a faint air of boredom|traditional Scottish airs sung in the Gaelic tongue
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ɛː
phonetics_text: ɛː
definition:
the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen.|an impression of a quality or manner given by someone or something.|a tune or short melodious song.|a jump off the ground on a snowboard or skateboard.

synonyms:
expression|appearance|look|impression|aspect|manner|bearing|mien|countenance|mood|quality|ambience|aura|feeling|flavour|tone|vibe

origin:
Middle English (in air (sense 1 of the noun)): from Old French air, from Latin aer, from Greek aēr, denoting the gas. air (sense 2 of the noun) is from French air, probably from Old French aire ‘site, disposition’, from Latin ager, agr- ‘field’ (influenced by sense 1). air (sense 3 of the noun) comes from Italian aria (see aria).


word: AIRBAG
russian_word: воздушная подушка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛəbaɡ
phonetics_text: ˈɛəbaɡ
definition:
a safety device fitted inside a road vehicle, consisting of a cushion designed to inflate rapidly and protect passengers from impact in the event of a collision.


word: AIR FILTER
russian_word: воздушный фильтр
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a device for filtering particles from the air passing through it, especially one protecting the air inlet of an internal combustion engine.


word: AIR GAP
russian_word: зазор
part_of_speech: noun
example:
he believes some of his computers were infected with malware capable of jumping air gaps by using ultrasonic audio transmissions

definition:
an absence of a direct or indirect connection between a computer and the internet, effected for security reasons.


word: AIRILY
russian_word: беззаботно
example: he was airily dismissive of the question
definition: in a way that shows that one is not treating something as serious; casually.
antonyms: seriously|thoughtfully
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɛːrɪli
phonetics_text: ˈɛːrɪli
synonyms:
lightly|breezily|flippantly|casually|nonchalantly|readily|heedlessly|without consideration|uncaringly|indifferently|unthinkingly|light-heartedly|gaily|blithely|jauntily|cheerfully


word: AIRING
russian_word: сушильный
example: somebody had given the place a thorough airing|these are ideas I feel might be worth an airing
synonyms: ventilating|ventilation|aerating|aeration|freshening|refreshing|cooling|air conditioning
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːrɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɛːrɪŋ
definition:
an exposure to warm or fresh air, for the purpose of ventilating or removing dampness from something.|a public expression of an opinion or subject.


word: AIRLESS
russian_word: безвоздушный
example: a dusty, airless basement
definition: stuffy; not ventilated.
antonyms: airy|ventilated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɛːləs
phonetics_text: ˈɛːləs
synonyms:
stuffy|close|stifling|suffocating|breathless|sultry|muggy|fuggy|stale|humid|oppressive|unventilated|badly/poorly ventilated|smoky|claggy


word: AIRLOCK
russian_word: воздушная пробка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːlɒk
phonetics_text: ˈɛːlɒk
definition:
a stoppage of the flow in a pump or pipe, caused by an air bubble.|a compartment with controlled pressure and parallel sets of doors, to permit movement between areas at different pressures.


word: AIRPORT
russian_word: аэропорт
synonyms: airfield|airstrip|landing strip|runway|heliport|helipad|air station|aerodrome|airdrome|drome
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːpɔːt
phonetics_text: ˈɛːpɔːt
definition:
a complex of runways and buildings for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of civil aircraft, with facilities for passengers.


word: AIRSPACE
russian_word: воздушное пространство
example: the airliner was refused permission to enter Maltese airspace
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːspeɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɛːspeɪs
definition:
the air available to aircraft to fly in, especially the part subject to the jurisdiction of a particular country.


word: AIRTIME
russian_word: эфирное время
definition: time during which a broadcast is being transmitted.|the time a pilot or aircraft spends in flight.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːtʌɪm
phonetics_text: ˈɛːtʌɪm
example:
advertising takes up half the airtime on that radio station|the operation has seen already 15 sorties flown and more than 150 hours of airtime logged


word: AIRY
russian_word: воздушный
example: the conservatory is light and airy|her airy unconcern for economy
antonyms: stuffy
synonyms: well ventilated|fresh|spacious|open|uncrowded|uncluttered|light|well lit|bright
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɛːri
phonetics_text: ˈɛːri
definition:
(of a room or building) spacious, well lit, and well ventilated.|not treating something as serious; casual.


word: AISLE
russian_word: проход
example: the musical had the audience dancing in the aisles
definition: a passage between rows of seats in a building such as a church or theatre, an aircraft, or train.
synonyms: passage|passageway|corridor|gangway|walkway|path|lane|alley
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪl
phonetics_text: ʌɪl
origin:
late Middle English ele, ile, from Old French ele, from Latin ala ‘wing’. The spelling change in the 17th century was due to confusion with isle and influenced by French aile ‘wing’.


word: AITCHBONE
russian_word: огузок
definition: the buttock or rump bone of cattle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪtʃbəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈeɪtʃbəʊn
origin:
late 15th century, from dialect nache  ‘rump’, from Old French, based on Latin natis ‘buttock(s)’, + bone. The initial n in a nache bone was lost by wrong division; compare with adder1.


word: AKIN
russian_word: сродни
example: something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her
definition: of similar character.
antonyms: unlike
origin: mid 16th century: contracted form of of kin .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈkɪn
phonetics_text: əˈkɪn
synonyms:
similar|related|close|near|corresponding|comparable|parallel|equivalent|allied with|connected with|like|alike|matching|analogous|cognate|of a piece


word: ALACRITY
russian_word: готовность
example: she accepted the invitation with alacrity
definition: brisk and cheerful readiness.
antonyms: apathy
origin: late Middle English: from Latin alacritas, from alacer ‘brisk’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlakrɪti
phonetics_text: əˈlakrɪti
synonyms:
eagerness|willingness|readiness|enthusiasm|ardour|fervour|keenness|joyousness|liveliness|zeal|promptness|haste|briskness|swiftness|dispatch|speed|address


word: ALANINE
russian_word: аланин
definition: an amino acid which is a constituent of most proteins.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaləniːn
phonetics_text: ˈaləniːn
origin:
mid 19th century: coined in German as Alanin, from aldehyde + -an (for ease of pronunciation) + -ine4.


word: ALARM
russian_word: тревога
example: the boat tilted and the boatmen cried out in alarm
definition: an anxious awareness of danger.
antonyms: calmness|composure
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈlɑːm
phonetics_text: əˈlɑːm
synonyms:
fear|anxiety|apprehension|trepidation|nervousness|unease|distress|agitation|consternation|disquiet|perturbation|fright|panic|dread|horror|shock|terror

origin:
late Middle English (as an exclamation meaning ‘to arms!’): from Old French alarme, from Italian allarme, from all' arme! ‘to arms!’.


word: ALARMIST
russian_word: паникер
example: the problem is a fabrication by alarmists
definition: someone who exaggerates a danger and so causes needless worry or panic.
antonyms: optimist|Pollyanna
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: əˈlɑːmɪst
phonetics_text: əˈlɑːmɪst
synonyms:
scaremonger|gloom-monger|doom-monger|voice of doom|doomster|doomsayer|doom merchant|Cassandra|fatalist|pessimist|killjoy|misery|doom and gloom merchant|wet blanket


word: ALBA
russian_word: Альба
definition: a shrub rose of a variety with grey-green leaves and pinkish-white, sweet-scented flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalbə
phonetics_text: ˈalbə
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin alba, feminine of albus ‘white’, from the name rosa alba, an old white garden rose.


word: ALBACORE
russian_word: альбакор
definition: a tuna of warm seas, which travels in large schools and is of commercial importance as a food fish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalbəkɔː
phonetics_text: ˈalbəkɔː
origin:
late 16th century: from Portuguese albacora, from Arabic al-bakūra, perhaps from al ‘the’ + bakūr ‘premature, precocious’.


word: ALBEDO
russian_word: альбедо
example: the lunar maria have a lower albedo than the surrounding terrain
origin: mid 19th century: ecclesiastical Latin, ‘whiteness’, from Latin albus ‘white’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: alˈbiːdəʊ
phonetics_text: alˈbiːdəʊ
definition:
the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.


word: ALBINISM
russian_word: альбинизм
example: albinism often causes problems with the eyes
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalbɪnɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈalbɪnɪz(ə)m
definition:
a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair (which are white) and the eyes (which are usually pink).


word: ALBIZIA
russian_word: Албизия
definition: a leguminous tree or shrub of warm climates, with feathery leaves and plume-like flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: alˈbɪzɪə
phonetics_text: alˈbɪzɪə
origin:
modern Latin, named after Filippo degli Albizzi, a Tuscan nobleman who introduced the silk tree A. julibrizzen into Italy in the mid 18th century.


word: ALBUMIN
russian_word: альбумин
example: analysis showed traces of haemoglobin and serum albumin
origin: mid 19th century: from French albumine, based on Latin albumen, albumin- (see albumen).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalbjʊmɪn
phonetics_text: ˈalbjʊmɪn
definition:
a simple form of protein that is soluble in water and coagulable by heat, such as that found in egg white, milk, and (in particular) blood serum.


word: ALCHEMY
russian_word: алхимия
example: occult sciences, such as alchemy and astrology
synonyms: chemistry|magic|sorcery|witchcraft|enchantment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalkɪmi
phonetics_text: ˈalkɪmi
definition:
the medieval forerunner of chemistry, concerned with the transmutation of matter, in particular with attempts to convert base metals into gold or find a universal elixir.

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French and medieval Latin from Arabic al-kīmiyā', from al ‘the’ + kīmiyā' (from Greek khēmia, khēmeia ‘art of transmuting metals’).


word: ALCOHOL
russian_word: алкоголь
example: it is an offence to drive if you have more than 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalkəhɒl
phonetics_text: ˈalkəhɒl
definition:
a colourless volatile flammable liquid which is produced by the natural fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel.

origin:
mid 16th century: French (earlier form of alcool ), or from medieval Latin, from Arabic al-kuḥl ‘the kohl’. In early use the term referred to powders, specifically kohl, and especially those obtained by sublimation; later ‘a distilled or rectified spirit’ (mid 17th century).


word: ALCOHOLIC
russian_word: алкоголик
example: alcoholic liquor|his alcoholic daughter was the cause of his anxiety
definition: containing or relating to alcohol.|suffering from alcoholism.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: alkəˈhɒlɪk
phonetics_text: alkəˈhɒlɪk
synonyms:
intoxicating|inebriating|containing alcohol|strong|hard|potent|stiff|brewed|distilled|fermented|spirituous|vinous


word: ALDEHYDE
russian_word: альдегид
origin: mid 19th century: shortened from Latin alcohol dehydrogenatum ‘alcohol deprived of hydrogen’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaldɪhʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈaldɪhʌɪd
definition:
an organic compound containing the group —CHO, formed by the oxidation of alcohols. Typical aldehydes include methanal (formaldehyde) and ethanal (acetaldehyde).


word: ALDER
russian_word: ольха
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːldə
phonetics_text: ˈɔːldə
definition:
a widely distributed tree of the birch family which has toothed leaves and bears male catkins and woody female cones.

origin:
Old English alor, aler, of Germanic origin; related to German Erle ; forms spelled with d are recorded from the 14th century.


word: ALDERMAN
russian_word: член городского управления
definition: a co-opted member of an English county or borough council, next in status to the Mayor.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːldəmən
phonetics_text: ˈɔːldəmən
origin:
Old English aldormann (originally in the general sense ‘a man of high rank’), from aldor, ealdor ‘chief, patriarch’ (from ald ‘old’) + man. Later the sense ‘warden of a guild’ arose; then, as the guilds became identified with the ruling municipal body, ‘local magistrate, municipal officer’.


word: ALDOSTERONE
russian_word: альдостерон
origin: 1950s: blend of aldehyde and steroid, + -one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: alˈdɒstərəʊn
phonetics_text: alˈdɒstərəʊn
definition:
a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance.


word: ALDOSTERONISM
russian_word: альдостеронизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈstɛrənɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈstɛrənɪz(ə)m
definition:
a condition in which there is excessive secretion of aldosterone, which disturbs the balance of sodium, potassium, and water in the blood and so leads to high blood pressure.


word: ALEPH
russian_word: алеф
definition: the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːlɛf
phonetics_text: ˈɑːlɛf
origin:
Middle English: from Hebrew 'ālep̱, literally ‘ox’ (the character in Phoenician and ancient Hebrew possibly being derived from a hieroglyph of an ox's head).


word: ALERT
russian_word: тревога
example: an alert police officer discovered a lorry full of explosive
definition: quick to notice any unusual and potentially dangerous or difficult circumstances; vigilant.
antonyms: inattentive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: əˈləːt
phonetics_text: əˈləːt
synonyms:
vigilant|wide awake|aware|watchful|attentive|observant|circumspect|wary|chary|heedful|canny|on the lookout|on one's guard|on one's toes|all ears|keeping one's eyes open/peeled|keeping a weather eye open|on the qui vive

origin:
late 16th century (originally in military use): from French alerte, from Italian all' erta ‘to the watchtower’.


word: ALERTNESS
russian_word: настороженность
example: Walsall were indebted to the bravery and alertness of their goalkeeper
definition: the quality of being alert.
antonyms: inattentiveness|slowness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈləːtnəs
phonetics_text: əˈləːtnəs
synonyms:
vigilance|awareness|watchfulness|attentiveness|attention|circumspection|wariness|chariness|heedfulness|canniness|discretion|prudence|quick-wittedness|quick thinking|quickness of mind|sharpness|quickness|keenness|perceptiveness|responsiveness|agility|acuteness|acuity|shrewdness|astuteness|intelligence|insight|presence of mind


word: ALEWIFE
russian_word: содержательница пивной
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪlwʌɪf
phonetics_text: ˈeɪlwʌɪf
definition:
a north-western Atlantic fish of the herring family that swims up rivers to spawn and is found also in the Great Lakes.

origin:
mid 17th century: possibly from earlier alewife  ‘woman who keeps an ale house’, with reference to the fish's large belly.


word: ALEXANDRINE
russian_word: александрийский
definition: (of a line of verse) having six iambic feet.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌalɪɡˈzɑːndrɪn
phonetics_text: ˌalɪɡˈzɑːndrɪn|ˌalɪɡˈzɑːndrʌɪn
origin:
late 16th century: from French alexandrin, from Alexandre (see Alexander1), the subject of an Old French poem in this metre.


word: ALEXIA
russian_word: алексия
definition: inability to recognize or read written words or letters, typically as a result of brain damage.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlɛksɪə
phonetics_text: əˈlɛksɪə|eɪˈlɛksɪə
origin:
late 19th century: from a-1 ‘without’ + Greek lexis ‘speech’, from legein ‘speak’, which was confused with Latin legere ‘read’.


word: ALFALFA
russian_word: люцерна
origin: mid 19th century: from Spanish, from Arabic al-faṣfaṣa, a green fodder.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: alˈfalfə
phonetics_text: alˈfalfə
definition:
a leguminous plant with clover-like leaves and bluish flowers, native to south-western Asia and widely grown for fodder.


word: ALGA
russian_word: водоросль
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin, ‘seaweed’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɡə
phonetics_text: ˈalɡə
definition:
a simple, non-flowering, and typically aquatic plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms. Algae contain chlorophyll but lack true stems, roots, leaves, and vascular tissue.


word: ALIASING
russian_word: сглаживание
example: high-frequency sounds are prone to aliasing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪlɪəsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈeɪlɪəsɪŋ
definition:
the misidentification of a signal frequency, introducing distortion or error.|the use of aliases to designate files, commands, addresses, or other items.|the distortion of a reproduced image so that curved or inclined lines appear inappropriately jagged, caused by the mapping of a number of points to the same pixel.


word: ALIBI
russian_word: алиби
example: she has an alibi for the whole of yesterday evening
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈalɪbʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈalɪbʌɪ
definition:
a claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a criminal one, is alleged to have taken place.

origin:
late 17th century (as an adverb in the sense ‘elsewhere’): from Latin, ‘elsewhere’. The noun use dates from the late 18th century.


word: ALICYCLIC
russian_word: алициклический
origin: late 19th century: blend of aliphatic and cyclic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌalɪˈsʌɪklɪk
phonetics_text: ˌalɪˈsʌɪklɪk|ˌalɪˈsɪklɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting organic compounds which combine cyclic structure with aliphatic properties, e.g. cyclohexane and other saturated cyclic hydrocarbons.


word: ALIDADE
russian_word: алидада
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɪdeɪd
phonetics_text: ˈalɪdeɪd
definition:
a sighting device or pointer for determining directions or measuring angles, used in surveying and (formerly) astronomy.

origin:
late Middle English: directly or (in modern use) via French and Spanish from Arabic al-‘iḍāda ‘the revolving radius’, probably based on aḍud ‘upper arm’.


word: ALIEN
russian_word: иностранец
example: an alien culture|principles that are alien to them|alien beings
antonyms: native
synonyms: foreign|overseas|non-native|external|distant|remote
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin alienus ‘belonging to another’, from alius ‘other’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈeɪlɪən
phonetics_text: ˈeɪlɪən
definition:
belonging to a foreign country.|unfamiliar and disturbing or distasteful.|supposedly from another world; extraterrestrial.


word: ALIENATE
russian_word: отчуждать
antonyms: unite
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈeɪlɪəneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈeɪlɪəneɪt
example:
an urban environment which would alienate its inhabitants|they defended the Masai against attempts to alienate their land

definition:
make (someone) feel isolated or estranged.|transfer ownership of (property rights) to another person or group.

synonyms:
estrange|turn away|set apart|drive apart|isolate|detach|distance|put at a distance|set against|part|separate|cut off|sever|divide|divorce|disunite|set at variance/odds|make hostile to|drive a wedge between|sow dissension

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin alienat- ‘estranged’, from the verb alienare, from alienus ‘of another’ (see alien).


word: ALIENATION
russian_word: отчуждение
example: a sense of alienation from our environment|most leases contain restrictions against alienation
definition: the state or experience of being alienated.|the transfer of the ownership of property rights.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: eɪlɪəˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: eɪlɪəˈneɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
isolation|detachment|estrangement|distance|separation|severance|parting|division|divorce|cutting off|turning away|withdrawal|variance|difference|schism

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin alienatio(n- ), from the verb alienare ‘estrange’, from alienus (see alien). The term alienation effect (1940s) is a translation of German Verfremdungseffekt .


word: ALIGN
russian_word: выровнять
definition: place or arrange (things) in a straight line.|give support to (a person, organization, or cause).
origin: late 17th century: from French aligner, from à ligne ‘into line’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈlʌɪn
phonetics_text: əˈlʌɪn
example:
the desks are aligned in straight rows facing forwards|newspapers usually align themselves with certain political parties

synonyms:
line up|range|arrange in line|put in order|put in rows/columns|straighten (up)|marshal|orient|place|position|dispose|situate|set


word: ALIKE
russian_word: одинаково
example: the brothers were very much alike
definition: (of two or more people or things) similar to each other.
antonyms: different
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: əˈlʌɪk
phonetics_text: əˈlʌɪk
synonyms:
similar|the same|indistinguishable|identical|uniform|interchangeable|undifferentiated|homogeneous|much the same|of a piece|cut from the same cloth|resembling|corresponding|like|parallel|analogous|cognate|like (two) peas in a pod|much of a muchness

origin:
Old English gelīc, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gelijk and German gleich, reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse álíkr (adjective) and álíka (adverb).


word: ALIMONY
russian_word: алименты
example: he is said to have paid $300,000 alimony to his first wife
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɪməni
phonetics_text: ˈalɪməni
definition:
financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse during separation or following divorce; maintenance.

synonyms:
financial support|maintenance|support|provision|allowance|keep|upkeep|sustenance|livelihood|subsistence|living expenses|child support|aliment

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘nourishment, means of subsistence’): from Latin alimonia ‘nutriment’, from alere ‘nourish’.


word: ALIPHATIC
russian_word: алифатический
origin: late 19th century (originally used of the fatty acids): from Greek aleiphar, aleiphat- ‘fat’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌalɪˈfatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌalɪˈfatɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting organic compounds in which carbon atoms form open chains (as in the alkanes), not aromatic rings.


word: ALIQUOT
russian_word: кратный
example: an aliquot was examined daily for the appearance of cholesterol monohydrate crystals
definition: a portion of a larger whole, especially a sample taken for chemical analysis or other treatment.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈalɪkwɒt
phonetics_text: ˈalɪkwɒt
origin:
late 16th century: from French aliquote, from Latin aliquot ‘some, so many’, from alius ‘one of two’ + quot ‘how many’.


word: ALIVE
russian_word: в живых
antonyms: dead|extinct|inanimate
origin: Old English on līfe, literally ‘in life’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈlʌɪv
phonetics_text: əˈlʌɪv
example:
hopes of finding anyone still alive were fading|Ken comes alive when he hears his music played|she was always alive to new ideas|in spring those cliffs are alive with auks and gulls

definition:
(of a person, animal, or plant) living, not dead.|alert and active; animated.|aware of and interested in; responsive to.|swarming or teeming with.

synonyms:
living|live|having life|not dead|breathing|moving|vital|vigorous|flourishing|dynamic|energetic|functioning|animate|organic|biological|sentient|existing|existent|in the land of the living|among the living|alive and kicking|quick


word: ALIZARIN
russian_word: ализарин
definition: a red pigment present in madder root, used in dyeing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlɪz(ə)rɪn
phonetics_text: əˈlɪz(ə)rɪn
origin:
mid 19th century: from French alizarine, from alizari ‘madder’, from Arabic al-‘iṣāra ‘pressed juice’, from ‘aṣara ‘to press fruit’.


word: ALKALOID
russian_word: алкалоид
origin: early 19th century: coined in German from alkali.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalkəlɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈalkəlɔɪd
definition:
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin which have pronounced physiological actions on humans. They include many drugs (morphine, quinine) and poisons (atropine, strychnine).


word: ALKENE
russian_word: алкен
origin: late 19th century: from alkyl + -ene.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalkiːn
phonetics_text: ˈalkiːn
definition:
any of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond, including ethylene and propene.


word: ALL
russian_word: все
example: all the people I met
definition: used to refer to the whole quantity or extent of a particular group or thing.
antonyms: no|none of the|little|none|nobody|nothing
origin: Old English all, eall, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch al and German all .
part_of_speech: predeterminer|adverb
phonetic: ɔːl
phonetics_text: ɔːl
synonyms:
each of|each one of the|every one of the|every single one of the|every|each and every|every single|the whole of the|every bit of the|the complete|the entire|the totality of the|in its entirety|complete|entire|total|full|utter|perfect|all-out|greatest (possible)|maximum|everyone|everybody|each/every person|the (whole) lot|each one|each thing|the sum|the total|the whole lot|everything|every part|the whole amount|the total amount|the entirety|the sum total|the aggregate


word: ALLANITE
russian_word: ортит
origin: early 19th century: named after Thomas Allan (1777–1833), Scottish mineralogist, + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalənʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈalənʌɪt
definition:
a brownish-black mineral of the epidote group, consisting of a silicate of rare earth metals, aluminium, and iron.


word: ALLANTOIS
russian_word: аллантоис
origin: mid 17th century: modern Latin, based on Greek allantoeidēs ‘sausage-shaped’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlantəʊɪs
phonetics_text: əˈlantəʊɪs
definition:
the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo's gut. In birds and reptiles it grows to surround the embryo; in eutherian mammals it forms part of the placenta.


word: ALLAY
russian_word: смягчать
example: the report attempted to educate the public and allay fears
definition: diminish or put at rest (fear, suspicion, or worry).
antonyms: increase|intensify
origin: Old English ālecgan ‘lay down or aside’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈleɪ
phonetics_text: əˈleɪ
synonyms:
reduce|diminish|decrease|lessen|assuage|alleviate|ease|relieve|soothe|soften|take the edge off|dull|cushion|mollify|moderate|calm|lull|temper|mitigate|palliate|blunt|deaden|abate|tone down|dispel|banish|dismiss|dissipate|drive away|drive off|chase away|put to rest|quell|check|eliminate|lenify


word: ALL BUT
russian_word: едва не
example: the subject was all but forgotten|we have support from all but one of the networks
definition: very nearly.|all except.
synonyms:
nearly|almost|just about|about|more or less|practically|virtually|as good as|next to|close to|near|nigh on|not far from|not far off|to all intents and purposes|approaching|bordering on|verging on|nearing|roughly|approximately|not quite|pretty nearly|pretty much|pretty well|well-nigh


word: ALLEGATION
russian_word: утверждение
example: after leaving he made allegations of corruption against the company
origin: late Middle English: from Latin allegatio(n- ), from allegare ‘allege’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: alɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: alɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically one made without proof.

synonyms:
claim|assertion|declaration|statement|proclamation|contention|argument|affirmation|averment|avowal|attestation|testimony|certification|evidence|witness|charge|accusation|suggestion|implication|hint|insinuation|indication|intimation|imputation|plea|pretence|profession|making out|deposition|representation|asseveration


word: ALLEGE
russian_word: утверждать
example: he alleged that he had been assaulted
definition: claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈlɛdʒ
phonetics_text: əˈlɛdʒ
synonyms:
claim|assert|declare|state|proclaim|maintain|advance|contend|argue|affirm|aver|avow|attest|testify|swear|certify|give evidence|bear witness|charge|accuse|suggest|imply|hint|insinuate|indicate|intimate|impute|plead|pretend|profess|depose|represent|make out|asseverate

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘declare on oath’): from Old French esligier, based on Latin lis, lit- ‘lawsuit’; confused in sense with Latin allegare ‘allege’.


word: ALLEGED
russian_word: мнимый
example: the alleged conspirators
definition: said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈlɛdʒd
phonetics_text: əˈlɛdʒd
synonyms:
supposed|so-called|claimed|professed|purported|ostensible|apparent|putative|unproven|rumoured|reputed|presumed|assumed|reported|declared|stated|avowed|described


word: ALLEGEDLY
russian_word: якобы
example: he was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈlɛdʒɪdli
phonetics_text: əˈlɛdʒɪdli
definition:
used to convey that something is claimed to be the case or have taken place, although there is no proof.

synonyms:
reportedly|supposedly|reputedly|purportedly|ostensibly|apparently|by all accounts|so the story goes|putatively|presumedly|presumably|assumedly|declaredly|avowedly|be accused of being/doing|be alleged to be/have|be said to be/have|be rumoured to be/have


word: ALLEGIANCE
russian_word: верность
example: those wishing to receive citizenship must swear allegiance to the republic
definition: loyalty or commitment to a superior or to a group or cause.
antonyms: disloyalty|treachery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈliːdʒ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈliːdʒ(ə)ns
synonyms:
loyalty|faithfulness|fidelity|obedience|fealty|adherence|homage|devotion|bond|trueness|true-heartedness|trustiness|trustworthiness|steadfastness|fastness|staunchness|dependability|reliability|duty|constancy|dedication|commitment|patriotism|troth

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, variant of Old French ligeance, from lige, liege (see liege), perhaps by association with Anglo-Latin alligantia ‘alliance’.


word: ALLEGORICAL
russian_word: аллегорический
example: an allegorical painting
definition: constituting or containing allegory.
antonyms: literal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌalɪˈɡɒrɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌalɪˈɡɒrɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
symbolic|metaphorical|figurative|representative|emblematic|imagistic|mystical|parabolic|symbolizing|tropical


word: ALLEGORY
russian_word: аллегория
example: Pilgrim's Progress is an allegory of the spiritual journey
synonyms: parable|analogy|metaphor|symbol|emblem|story|tale|myth|legend|saga|fable|apologue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɪɡ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈalɪɡ(ə)ri
definition:
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French allegorie, via Latin from Greek allēgoria, from allos ‘other’ + -agoria ‘speaking’.


word: ALLELE
russian_word: аллель
origin: 1920s: abbreviation of allelomorph.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaliːl
phonetics_text: ˈaliːl
definition:
each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.


word: ALLELOPATHY
russian_word: аллелопатия
origin: 1930s: from Greek allēl- ‘one another’ + -pathy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌalɪˈlɒpəθi
phonetics_text: ˌalɪˈlɒpəθi
definition:
the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.


word: ALLEMANDE
russian_word: аллеманда
origin: late 17th century: from French, ‘German (dance)’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalmɑːnd
phonetics_text: ˈalmɑːnd
definition:
any of a number of German dances, in particular an elaborate court dance popular in the 16th century.


word: ALLERGY
russian_word: аллергия
synonyms: hypersensitivity|sensitivity|susceptibility|allergic reaction
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalədʒi
phonetics_text: ˈalədʒi
definition:
a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially a particular food, pollen, fur, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive.

origin:
early 20th century: from German Allergie, from Greek allos ‘other’, on the pattern of Energie ‘energy’.


word: ALLEVIATE
russian_word: облегчать
example: he couldn't prevent her pain, only alleviate it
definition: make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.
antonyms: aggravate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈliːvɪeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈliːvɪeɪt
synonyms:
reduce|ease|relieve|take the edge off|deaden|dull|diminish|lessen|weaken|lighten|attenuate|allay|assuage|palliate|damp|soothe|help|soften|temper|control|still|quell|tone down|blunt|dilute|moderate|mitigate|modify|abate|lull|pacify|placate|mollify|sweeten|quieten|quiet|extenuate

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin alleviat- ‘lightened’, from the verb alleviare, from Latin allevare, from ad- ‘to’ + levare ‘raise’, influenced by levis ‘light’.


word: ALLEY
russian_word: аллея
example: he took a short cut along an alley
definition: a narrow passageway between or behind buildings.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈali
phonetics_text: ˈali
synonyms:
passage|passageway|alleyway|back alley|backstreet|lane|path|pathway|walk|corridor|aisle|arcade|ginnel|snicket|twitten|twitchel|vennel|wynd|gully|allée

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French alee ‘walking or passage’, from aler ‘go’, from Latin ambulare ‘to walk’.


word: ALLIACEOUS
russian_word: чесночный
definition: relating to or denoting plants of a group that comprises the onions and other alliums.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌalɪˈeɪʃəs
phonetics_text: ˌalɪˈeɪʃəs
origin:
late 18th century: from Latin allium ‘garlic’ + -aceous; compare with the modern Latin taxonomic family name Alliaceae .


word: ALLIANCE
russian_word: альянс
example: a defensive alliance between Australia and New Zealand
definition: a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
origin: Middle English: from Old French aliance, from alier ‘to ally’ (see ally1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlʌɪəns
phonetics_text: əˈlʌɪəns
synonyms:
association|union|league|treaty|pact|compact|entente|concordat|bloc|confederation|federation|confederacy|coalition|consortium|combine|syndicate|affiliation|partnership|fraternity|brotherhood|sorority|team|ring|society|club|guild|group|organization


word: ALLIED
russian_word: союзный
example: allied territories
definition: joined by or relating to members of an alliance.
antonyms: independent|hostile
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈalʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈalʌɪd|əˈlʌɪd
synonyms:
federated|confederated|federal|associated|in alliance|in league|in partnership|cooperating|unified|united|amalgamated|integrated


word: ALLIGATOR
russian_word: аллигатор
origin: late 16th century: from Spanish el lagarto ‘the lizard’, probably based on Latin lacerta .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɪɡeɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈalɪɡeɪtə
definition:
a large semiaquatic reptile similar to a crocodile but with a broader and shorter head, native to the Americas and China.


word: ALL IN ALL
russian_word: в целом
example: all in all it's been a good year
definition: on the whole.
synonyms:
all things considered|considering everything|on the whole|at the end of the day|when all's said and done


word: ALLIUM
russian_word: лукабатуна
origin: Latin, ‘garlic’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈalɪəm
definition:
a bulbous plant of a genus that includes the onion and its relatives (e.g. garlic, leek, and chives).


word: ALLOCATE
russian_word: выделять
example: in past years we didn't allocate enough funds to infrastructure maintenance
definition: distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈaləkeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaləkeɪt
synonyms:
allot|assign|issue|award|grant|administer|devote|share out|apportion|portion out|distribute|hand out|deal out|dole out|give out|parcel out|ration out|divide out|divide up|dispense|measure out|mete out|earmark for|designate for|set aside for|appropriate for|budget for|divvy up|dish out

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin allocat- ‘allotted’, from the verb allocare, from ad- ‘to’ + locare (see locate).


word: ALLOCATION
russian_word: распределение
example: more efficient allocation of resources
definition: the action or process of allocating or sharing out something.
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin allocatio(n- ), from the verb allocare (see allocate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aləˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: aləˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
allotment|assignment|issuing|issuance|awarding|grant|granting|administration|earmarking|designation|setting aside|budgeting|sharing out|apportionment|distribution|handing out|dealing out|doling out|giving out|parcelling out|rationing out|dividing out|dividing up|dispensation|measuring out|meting out|divvying up|dishing out


word: ALLODIUM
russian_word: аллод
definition: an estate held in absolute ownership, without acknowledgement to a superior.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈləʊdɪəm
phonetics_text: əˈləʊdɪəm
origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin al(l)odium, used frequently in the Domesday Book, from a Germanic cognate of all + ōd ‘estate’.


word: ALL OF A SUDDEN
russian_word: внезапно
example: I feel really tired all of a sudden
definition: suddenly.
antonyms: gradually
synonyms:
suddenly|immediately|instantaneously|instantly|in an instant|straight away|at once|all at once|promptly|abruptly|in a trice|swiftly|unexpectedly|without warning|without notice|on the spur of the moment|straight off|out of the blue|in a flash|like a shot|before you can say knife


word: ALLOGENEIC
russian_word: аллогенный
origin: 1960s: from allo- ‘different’ + Greek genea ‘race, stock’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌalə(ʊ)dʒɪˈniːɪk
phonetics_text: ˌalə(ʊ)dʒɪˈniːɪk|ˌalə(ʊ)dʒɪˈneɪɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting tissues or cells which are genetically dissimilar and hence immunologically incompatible, although from individuals of the same species.


word: ALLOGENIC
russian_word: аллогенный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌaləˈdʒɛnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌaləˈdʒɛnɪk
definition:
(of a mineral or sediment) transported to its present position from elsewhere.|(of a successional change) caused by non-living factors in the environment.


word: ALLOGRAPH
russian_word: подпись вместо другого лица
origin: 1950s: from allo- ‘other, different’ + grapheme.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaləɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈaləɡrɑːf
definition:
each of two or more alternative forms of a letter of an alphabet or other grapheme, for example the capital, lower case, italic, and various handwritten forms of a letter.


word: ALLOPATHY
russian_word: аллопатия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlɒpəθi
phonetics_text: əˈlɒpəθi
definition:
the treatment of disease by conventional means, i.e. with drugs having effects opposite to the symptoms.


word: ALLOPATRIC
russian_word: аллопатрическое
origin: 1940s: from allo- ‘other’ + Greek patra ‘fatherland’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌaləˈpatrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌaləˈpatrɪk
definition:
(of animals or plants, especially of related species or populations) occurring in separate non-overlapping geographical areas.


word: ALLOPHONE
russian_word: аллофон
origin: 1930s: from allo- ‘other, different’ + phoneme.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaləfəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈaləfəʊn
definition:
any of the various phonetic realizations of a phoneme in a language, which do not contribute to distinctions of meaning. For example, in English an aspirated p (as in pin ) and unaspirated p (as in spin ) are allophones of the phoneme /p/, whereas in ancient Greek the distinction was phonemic.


word: ALLOSTERIC
russian_word: аллостерический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌaləˈstɛrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌaləˈstɛrɪk|ˌaləˈstɪərɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting the alteration of the activity of an enzyme by means of a conformational change induced by a different molecule.


word: ALLOT
russian_word: выделять
example: equal time was allotted to each
definition: give or apportion (something) to someone.
origin: late 15th century: from Old French aloter, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to’) + loter ‘divide into lots’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈlɒt
phonetics_text: əˈlɒt
synonyms:
allocate|assign|issue|award|grant|administer|devote|earmark for|designate for|set aside for|appropriate for|budget for|share out|apportion|portion out|distribute|hand out|deal out|dole out|give out|parcel out|ration out|divide out|divide up|dispense|measure out|mete out|divvy up|dish out


word: ALLOTMENT
russian_word: выделение
example: the allotment of equity securities
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlɒtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈlɒtm(ə)nt
definition:
a plot of land rented by an individual for growing vegetables or flowers.|the action of allotting something.

synonyms:
allocation|assignment|issuing|issuance|awarding|grant|granting|administration|earmarking|designation|setting aside|budgeting|sharing out|apportionment|distribution|handing out|dealing out|doling out|giving out|parcelling out|rationing out|dividing out|dividing up|dispensation|measuring out|meting out|divvying up|dishing out


word: ALLOTROPY
russian_word: аллотропия
definition: the existence of two or more different physical forms of a chemical element.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈlɒtrəpi
phonetics_text: əˈlɒtrəpi
origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek allotropos ‘of another form’, from allo- ‘other’ + tropos ‘manner’ (from trepein ‘to turn’).


word: ALL OUT
russian_word: изо всех сил
example: going all out to win
definition: using all one's strength or resources.
antonyms: lackadaisically|half-hearted
phonetic: ˈɔːl aʊt
phonetics_text: ˈɔːl aʊt
synonyms:
strenuously|energetically|vigorously|hard|mightily|heartily|with vigour|with great effort|fiercely|intensely|eagerly|enthusiastically|industriously|diligently|assiduously|conscientiously|sedulously|with application|earnestly|with perseverance|persistently|indefatigably|like billy-o|like mad|like crazy|strenuous|energetic|vigorous|powerful|potent|forceful|forcible|spirited|mettlesome|plucky|determined|resolute|aggressive|eager|keen|enthusiastic|zealous|ardent|fervent|vehement|intense|intensive|passionate|fiery|wild|unrestrained|uncontrolled|unbridled|tough|blunt|hard-hitting|pulling no punches|punchy|in-your-face


word: ALL OVER
russian_word: повсюду
definition: completely finished.|everywhere.|typical of the person mentioned.|effusively attentive to.
phonetic: ˌɔːl ˈəʊvə
phonetics_text: ˌɔːl ˈəʊvə
example:
it's all over between us|there were bodies all over|that's our management all over!|James was all over her


word: ALLOW
russian_word: позволять
antonyms: prevent|forbid
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈlaʊ
phonetics_text: əˈlaʊ
example:
the dissident was allowed to leave the country|he stopped to allow his eyes to adjust|he allowed that the penalty appeared too harsh for the crime

definition:
let (someone) have or do something.|give the necessary time or opportunity for.|admit the truth of; concede.

synonyms:
permit|let|authorize|give someone permission to|give authorization to|give leave to|sanction|grant|grant someone the right|license|empower|enable|entitle|qualify|consent to|assent to|give one's consent/assent to|give one's blessing to|give someone/something the nod|acquiesce in|agree to|accede to|approve of|tolerate|countenance|suffer|brook|admit of|legalize|legitimatize|legitimate|give the go-ahead to|give the thumbs up to|OK|give the OK to|give the green light to|say the word

origin:
Middle English (originally in the senses ‘commend, sanction’ and ‘assign as a right’): from Old French alouer, from Latin allaudare ‘to praise’, reinforced by medieval Latin allocare ‘to place’ (see allocate).


word: ALLOWABLE
russian_word: допустимый
antonyms: forbidden
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈlaʊəbl
phonetics_text: əˈlaʊəbl
example:
the loan deal has been extended to the maximum allowable three months|tax is payable after deduction of allowable expenses

definition:
allowed, especially within a set of regulations; permissible.|(of an amount of money) able to be earned or received free of tax.

synonyms:
permissible|permitted|allowed|admissible|acceptable|legal|lawful|legitimate|licit|within the law|authorized|sanctioned|sanctionable|approved|above board|within accepted bounds|passable|tolerated|tolerable|proper|all right|in order|excusable|pardonable|venial|OK|legit|kosher|by the book|pukka


word: ALLOWANCE
russian_word: пособие
origin: late Middle English: from Old French alouance, from alouer (see allow).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈlaʊəns
phonetics_text: əˈlaʊəns
example:
your baggage allowance|the elderly receive a heating allowance every winter|the allowance of differing opinions

definition:
the amount of something that is permitted, especially within a set of regulations or for a specified purpose.|a sum of money paid regularly to a person to meet needs or expenses.|tolerance.

synonyms:
permitted amount/quantity|allocation|allotment|quota|share|ration|grant|limit|portion|helping|slice|lot


word: ALLOXAN
russian_word: аллоксан
origin: mid 19th century: from all(antoin) + ox(alic) + -an.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aˈlɒks(ə)n
phonetics_text: aˈlɒks(ə)n
definition:
an acidic compound obtained by the oxidation of uric acid and isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.


word: ALLOY
russian_word: сплав
example: an alloy of nickel, bronze, and zinc
synonyms: mixture|mix|amalgam|fusion|meld|blend|compound|combination|admixture|composite|union
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.

phonetic:
late 16th century: from Old French aloi (noun) and French aloyer (verb), both from Old French aloier, aleier ‘combine’, from Latin alligare ‘bind’. In early use the term denoted the comparative purity of gold or silver; the sense ‘mixture of metals’ arose in the mid 17th century.


word: ALL-POWERFUL
russian_word: всемогущий
example: an all-powerful dictator
definition: having complete power.
antonyms: powerless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɔːlˈpaʊəfʊl
phonetics_text: ˌɔːlˈpaʊəfʊl
synonyms:
omnipotent|almighty|supreme|most high|pre-eminent|dictatorial|despotic|totalitarian|autocratic|autarchic|anti-democratic|invincible|unconquerable


word: ALL RIGHT
russian_word: вполне удовлетворительный
example: the tea was all right
definition: of a satisfactory or acceptable quality.
antonyms: unsatisfactory
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|exclamation
synonyms:
satisfactory|acceptable|adequate|good enough|fairly good|fine|passable|reasonable|unobjectionable|suitable|OK|so-so


word: ALLSPICE
russian_word: душистый перец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːlspʌɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɔːlspʌɪs
definition:
the dried aromatic fruit of a Caribbean tree, used whole or ground as a culinary spice and in the production of certain liqueurs such as Benedictine.|a tree of the myrtle family from which allspice is obtained.|an aromatic North American tree or shrub.


word: ALL THE SAME
russian_word: безразлично
example: she knew they had meant it kindly, but it had hurt all the same
definition: in spite of this; nevertheless.
synonyms:
in spite of that/everything|nevertheless|nonetheless|even so|however|but|still|yet|though|be that as it may|for all that|despite that/everything|after everything|having said that|just the same|at the same time|in any event|come what may|at any rate|notwithstanding|regardless|anyway|anyhow|still and all|howbeit|withal|natheless


word: ALLUDE
russian_word: намекать
example: she had a way of alluding to Jean but never saying her name
definition: suggest or call attention to indirectly; hint at.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈl(j)uːd
phonetics_text: əˈl(j)uːd
synonyms:
refer to|suggest|hint at|imply|mention|touch on|mention in passing|mention en passant|speak briefly of|make an allusion to|cite|advert to

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘hint at, suggest’): from Latin allus-, alludere, from ad- ‘towards’ + ludere ‘to play’.


word: ALLURE
russian_word: привлекательность
example: people for whom gold holds no allure
definition: the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating.
antonyms: repulsion
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈljʊə
phonetics_text: əˈljʊə|əˈljɔː
synonyms:
attraction|lure|draw|pull|appeal|glamour|allurement|enticement|temptation|bewitchment|enchantment|charm|seduction|persuasion|fascination|magnetism

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘tempt, entice’): from Old French aleurier ‘attract’, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to’) + luere ‘a lure’ (originally a falconry term).


word: ALLUSION
russian_word: намек
example: an allusion to Shakespeare
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈluːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈluːʒ(ə)n
definition:
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

synonyms:
reference to|mention of|comment on|remark about|citation of|quotation of|hint at|intimation of|suggestion of|implication|insinuation

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a pun, metaphor, or parable): from French, or from late Latin allusio(n- ), from the verb alludere (see allude).


word: ALLY
russian_word: союзник
example: debate continued among NATO allies
definition: a state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈalʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈalʌɪ
origin:
Middle English (as a verb): from Old French alier, from Latin alligare ‘bind together’, from ad- ‘to’ + ligare ‘to bind’; the noun is partly via Old French alie ‘allied’. Compare with alloy.


word: ALMAGEST
russian_word: Альмагест
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalmədʒɛst
phonetics_text: ˈalmədʒɛst
definition:
an influential treatise on astronomy written by the Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy in the second century AD.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French almageste, based on Arabic, from al ‘the’ + Greek megistē ‘greatest (composition)’.


word: ALMANAC
russian_word: альманах
synonyms: yearbook|calendar|register|annual|manual|handbook|compendium|annal(s)|archive(s)|chronicle(s)
origin: late Middle English: via Old French and medieval Latin from Spanish Arabic al-manāḵ ‘the calendar’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːlmənak
phonetics_text: ˈɔːlmənak|ˈɒlmənak
definition:
an annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information such as astronomical data and tide tables.


word: ALMANDINE
russian_word: альмандин
definition: a kind of garnet with a violet tint.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalməndiːn
phonetics_text: ˈalməndiːn|ˈalməndʌɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from obsolete French, alteration of alabandine, from medieval Latin alabandina (gemma ), ‘jewel from Alabanda’, an ancient city in Asia Minor where these stones were cut.


word: ALMOND
russian_word: миндаль
example: almond biscuits
origin: Middle English: from Old French alemande, from medieval Latin amandula, from Greek amugdalē .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmənd
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmənd
definition:
the oval edible nutlike seed (kernel) of the almond tree, growing in a woody shell, widely used as food.|the tree that produces almonds, related to the peach and plum. Native to western Asia, it is widely cultivated in warm climates.


word: ALMONER
russian_word: раздающий милостыню
definition: an official distributor of alms.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmənə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmənə|ˈalmənə
origin:
Middle English: from Old French aumonier, based on medieval Latin eleemosynarius, from eleemosyna ‘alms’ (see alms).


word: ALMONRY
russian_word: место раздачи милостыни
definition: a building or place where alms were formerly distributed.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmənri
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmənri|ˈalmənri
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French au(l)mosnerie, from medieval Latin eleemosynarius (see almoner).


word: ALMOST
russian_word: почти
example: he almost knocked Georgina over
definition: not quite; very nearly.
origin: Old English æl mǣst ‘for the most part’ (see all, most).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɔːlməʊst
phonetics_text: ˈɔːlməʊst
synonyms:
nearly|just about|about|more or less|practically|virtually|all but|as good as|next to|close to|near|nigh on|not far from|not far off|to all intents and purposes|approaching|bordering on|verging on|nearing|roughly|approximately|not quite|pretty nearly|pretty much|pretty well|well-nigh


word: ALMS
russian_word: милостыня
example: the riders stopped to distribute alms
definition: (in historical contexts) money or food given to poor people.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːmz
phonetics_text: ɑːmz
synonyms:
gift(s)|donation(s)|charity|handout(s)|bounty|benefaction|subsidy|offering(s)|contribution(s)|endowment|favour (s)|largesse|baksheesh|zakat|donative

origin:
Old English ælmysse, ælmesse, from Christian Latin eleemosyna, from Greek eleēmosunē ‘compassion’, from eleēmōn ‘compassionate’, from eleos ‘mercy’.


word: ALMUCANTAR
russian_word: находящийся на альмукантарате
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌalməˈkantə
phonetics_text: ˌalməˈkantə
definition:
a circle on the celestial sphere parallel to the horizon; a parallel of altitude.|a telescope mounted on a float resting on mercury, used to determine stellar altitude and azimuth.

origin:
Middle English: from medieval Latin almucantarath or obsolete French almucantara, from Arabic al-muqanṭarāt ‘lines of celestial latitude’, based on al ‘the’ + qanṭara ‘arch’.


word: ALOE
russian_word: алоэ
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈaləʊ
definition:
a succulent plant with a rosette of thick tapering leaves and bell-shaped or tubular flowers on long stems, native to the Old World.|the fragrant heartwood of a tropical Asian tree.

origin:
Old English alewe, alwe (denoting the fragrant resin or heartwood of certain oriental trees), via Latin from Greek aloē ; reinforced in late Middle English by Old French aloes ‘aloe’, hence frequently used in the plural.


word: ALONE
russian_word: один
example: she was alone that evening
definition: having no one else present.
antonyms: accompanied
origin: Middle English: from all + one.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: əˈləʊn
phonetics_text: əˈləʊn
synonyms:
all alone|solo|lone|solitary|single|unescorted|unattended|unchaperoned|partnerless|companionless|solus


word: ALONG
russian_word: вместе
example: soon we were driving along a narrow road|cars were parked along the grass verge
origin: Old English andlang, of West Germanic origin; related to long1.
part_of_speech: preposition|adverb
phonetic: əˈlɒŋ
phonetics_text: əˈlɒŋ
definition:
moving in a constant direction on (a road, path, or any more or less horizontal surface).|extending in a more or less horizontal line on.

synonyms:
down|throughout the length of|from one end of … to the other|through|across|onwards|on|ahead|forwards|further


word: ALONG WITH
russian_word: вместе
example: I was chosen, along with twelve other artists
definition: in company with or at the same time as.
synonyms:
together with|accompanying|accompanied by|in company with|at the same time as|as well as|in addition to|plus|coupled with|added to|besides|on top of


word: ALOOF
russian_word: в стороне
example: they were courteous but faintly aloof
definition: not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant.
antonyms: familiar|friendly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈluːf
phonetics_text: əˈluːf
synonyms:
distant|detached|unresponsive|remote|unapproachable|forbidding|stand-offish|formal|impersonal|stiff|austere|stuffy|withdrawn|reserved|unforthcoming|uncommunicative|indifferent|unfriendly|unsympathetic|unsociable|antisocial|cool|cold|chilly|frigid|frosty|haughty|supercilious|disdainful

origin:
mid 16th century: from a-2 (expressing direction) + luff. The term was originally an adverb in nautical use, meaning ‘away and to windward!’, i.e. with the ship's head kept close to the wind away from a lee shore etc. towards which it might drift. From this arose the sense ‘at a distance’.


word: ALPENHORN
russian_word: альпийский рожок
origin: late 19th century: from German, literally ‘Alp horn’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalpənhɔːn
phonetics_text: ˈalpənhɔːn
definition:
a very long valveless wooden wind instrument played like a horn and used for signalling in the Alps.


word: ALPHABET
russian_word: алфавит
example: the first letter of the alphabet
synonyms: ABC|letters|symbols|icons|writing system|syllabary|signary
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalfəbɛt
phonetics_text: ˈalfəbɛt
definition:
a set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used to represent the basic set of speech sounds of a language, especially the set of letters from A to Z.

origin:
early 16th century: from late Latin alphabetum, from Greek alpha, bēta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet.


word: ALREADY
russian_word: уже
example: Anna has suffered a great deal already|just stop already, no one feels sorry for you
definition: before or by now or the time in question.|used after a word or phrase to express impatience.
origin: Middle English: from all (as an adverb) + ready; already (sense 2) is influenced by Yiddish use.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɔːlˈrɛdi
phonetics_text: ɔːlˈrɛdi
synonyms:
by this/that time|by now/then|thus far|so far|hitherto|before|before now/then|previously|earlier|earlier on|until now/then|up to now/then|heretofore|as early as this/that|as soon as this/that|so soon|so early|even now/then


word: ALS
russian_word: лов
example: the rock guitarist was stricken by ALS more than 20 years ago
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: abbreviation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
definition:
a disease affecting motor neurons of the spinal cord, which causes progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles.


word: ALSATIAN
russian_word: должник
origin: from medieval Latin Alsatia ‘Alsace’ + -an.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: alˈseɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: alˈseɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a large dog of a breed typically used as guard dogs or for police work.|a native or inhabitant of Alsace.


word: ALSO
russian_word: также
example: a brilliant linguist, he was also interested in botany
definition: in addition; too.
origin: Old English alswā ‘quite so, in that manner, similarly’ (see all, so1).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɔːlsəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈɔːlsəʊ
synonyms:
too|as well|besides|in addition|additionally|furthermore|further|moreover|into the bargain|on top (of that)|over and above that|what's more|to boot|else|then|equally|and all|withal|forbye


word: ALSTROEMERIA
russian_word: альстромерия
origin: late 18th century: modern Latin, named after Klas von Alstroemer (1736–96), Swedish naturalist.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌalstrəˈmɪərɪə
phonetics_text: ˌalstrəˈmɪərɪə
definition:
a South American plant with showy flowers similar to those of the lily, cultivated as an ornamental.


word: ALTAZIMUTH
russian_word: альтазимут
origin: mid 19th century: blend of altitude and azimuth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: alˈtazɪməθ
phonetics_text: alˈtazɪməθ
definition:
a telescope mounting that moves in azimuth (about a vertical axis) and in altitude (about a horizontal axis).|a surveying instrument for measuring vertical and horizontal angles, resembling a theodolite but larger and more precise.


word: ALTER
russian_word: изменять
example: Eliot was persuaded to alter the passage
definition: change in character or composition, typically in a comparatively small but significant way.
antonyms: preserve|stay the same
origin: late Middle English: from Old French alterer, from late Latin alterare, from Latin alter ‘other’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɔːltə
phonetics_text: ˈɔːltə|ˈɒltə
synonyms:
change|make changes to|make different|make alterations to|adjust|make adjustments to|adapt|amend|improve|modify|convert|revise|recast|reform|reshape|refashion|redesign|restyle|revamp|rework|remake|remodel|remould|redo|reconstruct|reorganize|reorder|refine|reorient|reorientate|vary|transform|transfigure|transmute|evolve|customize|tailor|tweak|permute|become different|undergo a change|undergo a sea change|turn|metamorphose


word: ALTERATION
russian_word: изменение
example: careful alteration of old buildings
definition: the action or process of altering or being altered.
antonyms: preservation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːltəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɔːltəˈreɪʃ(ə)n|ˈɒltəreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
change|adjustment|adaptation|modification|variation|conversion|revision|amendment|remodelling|reshaping|remoulding|redoing|reconstruction|rebuilding|recasting|reorganization|rearrangement|reordering|reshuffling|restyling|rejigging|reworking|renewal|renewing|revamping|renovation|remaking|metamorphosis|transformation|transfiguration|translation|evolution|mutation|sea change|transmogrification

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin alteratio(n- ), from the verb alterare (see alter).


word: ALTERCATION
russian_word: ссора
example: I had an altercation with the ticket collector
definition: a noisy argument or disagreement, especially in public.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin altercatio(n- ), from the verb altercari (see altercate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɒltəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɒltəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
argument|quarrel|squabble|fight|shouting match|contretemps|disagreement|difference of opinion|dissension|falling-out|dispute|disputation|contention|clash|acrimonious exchange|war of words|wrangle|donnybrook|tiff|set-to|run-in|spat|scrap|dust-up|row|barney|slanging match|ding-dong|bust-up|bit of argy-bargy|ruck|afters|rammy|rhubarb|broil|miff|threap|collieshangie


word: ALTERNANT
russian_word: переменный
example: one form occurs more than its alternants
definition: an alternative form of a word or other linguistic unit; a variant.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ɔːlˈtəːnənt
phonetics_text: ɔːlˈtəːnənt|ɒlˈtəːnənt
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin alternant- ‘doing things by turns’, from the verb alternare (see alternate).


word: ALTERNATE
russian_word: заместитель
example: bouts of depression alternate with periods of elation
definition: occur in turn repeatedly.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective|noun
synonyms:
be interspersed|follow one another|be staggered|take turns|take it in turns|work/act in sequence|occur in turn|occur in rotation|rotate|oscillate|see-saw|yo-yo|chop and change|fluctuate

phonetic:
early 16th century (earlier (late Middle English) as alternation ): from Latin alternat- ‘done by turns’, from alternare, from alternus ‘every other’, from alter ‘other’.


word: ALTERNATIVE
russian_word: альтернатива
example: the various alternative methods for resolving disputes|an alternative lifestyle
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɔːlˈtəːnətɪv
phonetics_text: ɔːlˈtəːnətɪv|ɒlˈtəːnətɪv
definition:
(of one or more things) available as another possibility or choice.|relating to activities that depart from or challenge traditional norms.

synonyms:
different|other|another|second|possible|substitute|replacement|deputy|relief|proxy|surrogate|cover|fill-in|stand-in|standby|emergency|reserve|backup|auxiliary|fallback|alternate|pinch-hitting

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘alternating, alternate’): from French alternatif, -ive or medieval Latin alternativus, from Latin alternare ‘interchange’ (see alternate).


word: ALTERNATIVELY
russian_word: поочередно
example: alternatively, you may telephone us direct if you wish
definition: as another option or possibility.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɔːlˈtəːnətɪvli
phonetics_text: ɔːlˈtəːnətɪvli
synonyms:
on the other hand|as an alternative|or|as another option|as a substitute|as a replacement|otherwise|instead|if not|then again|but|alternately


word: ALTHOUGH
russian_word: хотя
example: although the sun was shining it wasn't that warm
definition: in spite of the fact that; even though.
origin: Middle English: from all (as an adverb) + though.
part_of_speech: conjunction
phonetic: ɔːlˈðəʊ
phonetics_text: ɔːlˈðəʊ|ɒlˈðəʊ
synonyms:
in spite of the fact that|despite the fact that|notwithstanding the fact that|notwithstanding that|even though|even if|for all that|while|whilst|granted that|even supposing|despite the possibility that|albeit|however|yet|but


word: ALTIMETER
russian_word: высотомер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaltɪmiːtə
phonetics_text: ˈaltɪmiːtə
definition:
an instrument for determining altitude attained, especially a barometric or radar device fitted in an aircraft.

origin:
mid 18th century (denoting an instrument for measuring vertical extents or angles): from Latin altus ‘high’ + -meter.


word: ALTOCUMULUS
russian_word: высококучевые облака
example: a layer of altocumulus
origin: late 19th century: from modern Latin alto- (from Latin altus ‘high’) + cumulus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaltəʊˈkjuːmjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˌaltəʊˈkjuːmjʊləs
definition:
cloud forming a layer of rounded masses with a level base, occurring at medium altitude (typically 2 to 7 km, 6,500 to 23,000 ft).


word: ALTOGETHER
russian_word: в целом
example: I stopped seeing her altogether
definition: completely; totally.
antonyms: partially
origin: Old English(see all, together).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɔːltəˈɡɛðə
phonetics_text: ɔːltəˈɡɛðə
synonyms:
completely|totally|entirely|absolutely|wholly|fully|thoroughly|utterly|quite|one hundred per cent|downright|unqualifiedly|in all respects|unconditionally|perfectly|unrestrictedly|consummately|undisputedly|unmitigatedly|wholeheartedly|lock|stock|and barrel|in toto|at all|very|terribly


word: ALTOSTRATUS
russian_word: высокослоистые облака
origin: late 19th century: from modern Latin alto- (from Latin altus ‘high’) + stratus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaltəʊˈstrɑːtəs
phonetics_text: ˌaltəʊˈstrɑːtəs|ˌaltəʊˈstreɪtəs
definition:
cloud forming a continuous uniform layer which resembles stratus but occurs at medium altitude (typically 2 to 7 km, 6,500 to 23,000 ft).


word: ALTRICIAL
russian_word: птенцовых
origin: late 19th century: from Latin altrix, altric-, feminine of altor ‘nourisher’, from alere ‘nourish’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əlˈtrɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: əlˈtrɪʃ(ə)l
definition:
(of a young bird or other animal) hatched or born in an undeveloped state and requiring care and feeding by the parents.


word: ALTRUISM
russian_word: альтруизм
example: some may choose to work with vulnerable elderly people out of altruism
definition: disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
antonyms: selfishness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaltruːɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈaltruːɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
unselfishness|selflessness|self-sacrifice|self-denial|consideration|compassion|kindness|goodwill|decency|nobility|public-spiritedness|generosity|magnanimity|liberality|open-handedness|free-handedness|big-heartedness|lavishness|benevolence|beneficence|philanthropy|humanitarianism|charity|charitableness|bounty|bounteousness

origin:
mid 19th century: from French altruisme, from Italian altrui ‘somebody else’, from Latin alteri huic ‘to this other’.


word: ALTRUISTIC
russian_word: альтруистический
example: it was an entirely altruistic act
definition: showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others; unselfish.
antonyms: selfish
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: altruːˈɪstɪk
phonetics_text: altruːˈɪstɪk
synonyms:
unselfish|selfless|self-sacrificing|self-denying|considerate|compassionate|kind|decent|noble|public-spirited|generous|magnanimous|ungrudging|unstinting|charitable|benevolent|beneficent|liberal|open-handed|free-handed|philanthropic|humanitarian|bounteous


word: ALUMINA
russian_word: глинозем
origin: late 18th century: from Latin alumen (see alum1), on the pattern of words such as magnesia .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈluːmɪnə
phonetics_text: əˈluːmɪnə
definition:
a white solid that is a major constituent of many rocks, especially clays, and is found crystallized as corundum, sapphire, and other minerals.


word: ALUMINOSILICATE
russian_word: алюмосиликат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌluːmɪnə(ʊ)ˈsɪlɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: əˌluːmɪnə(ʊ)ˈsɪlɪkeɪt
definition:
a silicate in which aluminium replaces some of the silicon, especially a rock-forming mineral such as a feldspar or a clay mineral.


word: ALVEOLAR
russian_word: альвеолярный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: alˈvɪələ
phonetics_text: alˈvɪələ|ˌalvɪˈəʊlə
definition:
relating to an alveolus or the alveoli of the lung or lungs.|relating to or denoting the bony ridge that contains the sockets of the upper teeth.


word: ALWAYS
russian_word: всегда
example: the sun always rises in the east|if the marriage doesn't work out, we can always get divorced
definition: at all times; on all occasions.|as a last resort; failing all else.
antonyms: never|seldom|sometimes
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɔːlweɪz
phonetics_text: ˈɔːlweɪz|ˈɔːlweɪz
synonyms:
every time|each time|at all times|all the time|on every occasion|on all occasions|consistently|invariably|without fail|without exception|regularly|repeatedly|habitually|unfailingly|infallibly|inevitably

origin:
Middle English: genitive case of all way, the inflection probably giving the sense ‘at every time’ as opposed to ‘at one uninterrupted time’: the difference between the two is no longer distinct.


word: ALYSSUM
russian_word: бурачок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈalɪs(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈalɪs(ə)m|əˈlɪs(ə)m
definition:
a herbaceous Eurasian plant which typically bears small white or yellow flowers. Some kinds are cultivated in gardens.

origin:
mid 16th century (used loosely to denote various medicinal herbs): modern Latin, from Latin alysson, from Greek alusson, from a- ‘without’ + lussa ‘rabies’ (referring to early herbalist use).


word: AMADOU
russian_word: трут
origin: late 18th century: from French, from Latin amator ‘lover’ (because it easily ignites).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaməduː
phonetics_text: ˈaməduː
definition:
a spongy substance made by drying certain bracket fungi and formerly used as an absorbent in medicine, as tinder, and for drying fishing flies.


word: AMALGAM
russian_word: амальгама
example: a curious amalgam of the traditional and the modern
definition: a mixture or blend.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmalɡəm
phonetics_text: əˈmalɡəm
synonyms:
combination|union|merger|blend|mixture|mingling|compound|fusion|marriage|weave|coalescence|synthesis|composite|composition|concoction|amalgamation|mash-up

origin:
late 15th century: from French amalgame or medieval Latin amalgama, from Greek malagma ‘an emollient’.


word: AMALGAMATE
russian_word: объединяться
example: he amalgamated his company with another
definition: combine or unite to form one organization or structure.
antonyms: separate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmalɡəmeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈmalɡəmeɪt
synonyms:
combine|merge|unite|integrate|fuse|blend|mingle|coalesce|consolidate|meld|intermingle|mix|intermix|incorporate|affiliate|join (together)|join forces|band (together)|club together|get together|link (up)|team up|go into partnership|pool resources|unify|gang up|gang together|commingle

origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin amalgamat- ‘formed into a soft mass’, from the verb amalgamare, from amalgama (see amalgam).


word: AMALGAMATION
russian_word: объединение
example: the threat of amalgamation with another college
definition: the action, process, or result of combining or uniting.
origin: early 17th century: from medieval Latin amalgamare (see amalgamate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əmalɡəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əmalɡəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
combination|union|merger|blend|mixture|mingling|compound|fusion|marriage|weave|coalescence|synthesis|composite|composition|concoction|amalgam|mash-up


word: AMARANTH
russian_word: амарант
definition: a plant of a chiefly tropical family that includes love-lies-bleeding.|a purple colour.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaməranθ
phonetics_text: ˈaməranθ
origin:
mid 16th century: from French amarante or modern Latin amaranthus, alteration (on the pattern of plant names ending in -anthus, from Greek anthos ‘flower’) of Latin amarantus, from Greek amarantos ‘not fading’.


word: AMARYLLIS
russian_word: амариллис
definition: a bulbous plant with showy trumpet-shaped flowers and strap-shaped leaves.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaməˈrɪlɪs
phonetics_text: ˌaməˈrɪlɪs
origin:
modern Latin, from Latin Amaryllis (from Greek Amarullis ), a name for a country girl in pastoral poetry.


word: AMASS
russian_word: накапливать
example: he amassed a fortune estimated at close to a million pounds
antonyms: dissipate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmas
phonetics_text: əˈmas
definition:
gather together or accumulate (a large amount or number of material or things) over a period of time.

synonyms:
gather|collect|assemble|accumulate|stockpile|pile up|heap up|rack up|run up|scrape together|store (up)|hoard|cumulate|accrue|lay in/up|garner|stash (away)

origin:
late 15th century: from French amasser or medieval Latin amassare, based on Latin massa ‘lump’ (see mass).


word: AMATEUR
russian_word: любитель
antonyms: professional
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈamətə
phonetics_text: ˈamətə|ˈamətʃə|ˈamətʃʊə|ˌaməˈtəː
example:
it takes five years for a top amateur to become a real Tour de France rider|that bunch of stumbling amateurs

definition:
a person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on an unpaid rather than a professional basis.|a person who is incompetent or inept at a particular activity.

synonyms:
non-professional|non-specialist|layman|layperson|dilettante|dabbler|potterer|trifler|enthusiast|devotee|fan|… lover|buff|ham

origin:
late 18th century: from French, from Italian amatore, from Latin amator ‘lover’, from amare ‘to love’.


word: AMATEURISH
russian_word: дилетантский
example: her amateurish interviewing technique
definition: done in an unskilful or inept way.
antonyms: professional
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈamətərɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈamətərɪʃ
synonyms:
incompetent|inept|useless|unskilful|inexpert|amateur|clumsy|maladroit|gauche|blundering|bungling|bumbling|botched|crude|bodged


word: AMATEURISM
russian_word: дилетантизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamətərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈamətərɪz(ə)m|ˈamətʃərɪz(ə)m
example:
the university administrator worked to maintain amateurism in collegiate athletics|not even the deleted scenes render this rank amateurism amusing

definition:
the practising of an activity, especially a sport, on an unpaid rather than a professional basis.|the fact or quality of being incompetent at a particular activity.


word: AMATORY
russian_word: любовный
example: his amatory exploits
definition: relating to or induced by sexual love or desire.
origin: late 16th century: from Latin amatorius, from amator (see amateur).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈamət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈamət(ə)ri
synonyms:
sexual|erotic|amorous|romantic|sensual|libidinous|passionate|ardent|hot-blooded|sexy|torrid|randy|steamy|naughty


word: AMAUROSIS
russian_word: амавроз
origin: mid 17th century: from Greek amaurōsis, from amauroun ‘darken’, from amauros ‘dim’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌamɔːˈrəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌamɔːˈrəʊsɪs
definition:
partial or total blindness without visible change in the eye, typically due to disease of the optic nerve, spinal cord, or brain.


word: AMAZE
russian_word: удивлять
definition: surprise (someone) greatly; fill with astonishment.
origin: Old English āmasian, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmeɪz
phonetics_text: əˈmeɪz
example:
she amazed doctors by fighting back when her deteriorating condition caused her to suffer heart failure

synonyms:
astonish|astound|surprise|bewilder|stun|stagger|flabbergast|nonplus|shock|startle|shake|stop someone in their tracks|stupefy|leave open-mouthed|leave aghast|take someone's breath away|dumbfound|daze|benumb|perplex|confound|dismay|disconcert|shatter|take aback|jolt|shake up|bowl over|knock for six|floor|blow someone's mind|strike dumb|astonished|astounded|staggered|surprised|startled|stunned|thunderstruck|aghast|taken aback|confounded|dumbfounded|stupefied|dazed|nonplussed|dumbstruck|open-mouthed|agape|lost for words|at a loss for words|speechless|wide-eyed|awed|awestruck|wonderstruck|filled with astonishment|filled with amazement|filled with awe|filled with wonder|shaken|shaken up|unnerved|disconcerted|discomposed|bewildered|bemused|flabbergasted|flummoxed|floored|knocked for six|bowled over|blown away|gobsmacked


word: AMAZEMENT
russian_word: изумление
example: she shook her head in amazement
definition: a feeling of great surprise or wonder.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmeɪzm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈmeɪzm(ə)nt
synonyms:
astonishment|surprise|bewilderment|shock|stupefaction|dismay|consternation|devastation|confusion|perplexity|incredulity|disbelief|bafflement|speechlessness|awe|wonder|wonderment


word: AMAZING
russian_word: удивительный
example: an amazing number of people registered
definition: causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing.
antonyms: everyday
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈmeɪzɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈmeɪzɪŋ
synonyms:
astonishing|astounding|surprising|bewildering|stunning|staggering|shocking|startling|stupefying|breathtaking|perplexing|confounding|dismaying|disconcerting|shattering|awesome|awe-inspiring|sensational|remarkable|spectacular|stupendous|phenomenal|prodigious|extraordinary|incredible|unbelievable|wonderful|marvellous|thrilling|exciting|mind-blowing|flabbergasting|amazeballs|wondrous|dumbfounding


word: AMBASSADOR
russian_word: посол
example: the French ambassador to Portugal
definition: an accredited diplomat sent by a state as its permanent representative in a foreign country.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: amˈbasədə
phonetics_text: amˈbasədə
synonyms:
envoy|diplomat|ambassador extraordinary|ambassador plenipotentiary|plenipotentiary|consul|attaché|chargé d'affaires|emissary|legate|(papal) nuncio|representative|deputy|ambassadress

origin:
late Middle English: from French ambassadeur, from Italian ambasciator, based on Latin ambactus ‘servant’.


word: AMBASSADRESS
russian_word: посланница
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: amˈbasədrəs
phonetics_text: amˈbasədrəs
definition:
a woman who is an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.


word: AMBERGRIS
russian_word: амбра
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈambəɡrɪs
phonetics_text: ˈambəɡrɪs|ˈambəɡriːs
definition:
a waxy substance that originates as a secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale, found floating in tropical seas and used in perfume manufacture.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ambre gris ‘grey amber’, as distinct from ambre jaune ‘yellow amber’ (the resin).


word: AMBERJACK
russian_word: сериола
origin: late 19th century: from amber (because of its yellowish tail) + jack1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈambədʒak
phonetics_text: ˈambədʒak
definition:
a large marine game fish which occurs in inshore tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic and South Pacific.


word: AMBIENCE
russian_word: окружение
example: the relaxed ambience of the cocktail lounge is popular with guests
definition: the character and atmosphere of a place.
origin: late 19th century: from ambient + -ence, or from French ambiance, from ambiant ‘surrounding’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈambɪəns
phonetics_text: ˈambɪəns
synonyms:
atmosphere|air|aura|climate|mood|feel|feeling|vibrations|echo|character|quality|complexion|impression|flavour|look|tone|tenor|spirit|setting|milieu|background|backdrop|frame|element|environment|conditions|circumstances|situation|context|vicinity|locality|habitat|vibes


word: AMBIGUITY
russian_word: двусмысленность
example: we can detect no ambiguity in this section of the Act
definition: the quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
antonyms: unambiguousness|transparency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ambɪˈɡjuːɪti
phonetics_text: ambɪˈɡjuːɪti
synonyms:
ambivalence|equivocation|obscurity|vagueness|abstruseness|doubtfulness|uncertainty|puzzle|enigma|equivocacy|dubiety|doublespeak|double-talk

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ambiguite or Latin ambiguitas, from ambiguus ‘doubtful’ (see ambiguous).


word: AMBIGUOUS
russian_word: двусмысленный
example: ambiguous phrases
definition: open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: amˈbɪɡjʊəs
phonetics_text: amˈbɪɡjʊəs
origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘indistinct, obscure’): from Latin ambiguus ‘doubtful’ (from ambigere ‘waver, go around’, from ambi- ‘both ways’ + agere ‘to drive’) + -ous.


word: AMBIT
russian_word: сфера
example: a full discussion of this complex issue was beyond the ambit of one book
definition: the scope, extent, or bounds of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈambɪt
phonetics_text: ˈambɪt
synonyms:
scope|extent|bounds|confines|limits|range|breadth|width|reach|sweep|purview|span|stretch|spread|horizon|terms of reference|field of reference|jurisdiction|remit|area|sphere|field|realm|compass|orbit|gamut|competence

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘precincts, environs’): from Latin ambitus ‘circuit’, from ambire ‘go round’.


word: AMBITION
russian_word: честолюбие
example: her ambition was to become a pilot
definition: a strong desire to do or achieve something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: amˈbɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: amˈbɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
aspiration|intention|goal|aim|objective|object|purpose|intent|plan|scheme|mission|calling|vocation|desire|wish|design|target|end|dream|hope

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin ambitio(n-), from ambire ‘go around (canvassing for votes)’.


word: AMBITIOUS
russian_word: честолюбивый
example: a ruthlessly ambitious workaholic
definition: having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed.
antonyms: unambitious|lazy
origin: late Middle English: from Old French ambitieux or Latin ambitiosus, from ambitio (see ambition).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: amˈbɪʃəs
phonetics_text: amˈbɪʃəs
synonyms:
aspiring|determined|forceful|pushy|enterprising|pioneering|progressive|eager|motivated|driven|enthusiastic|energetic|zealous|committed|go-ahead|go-getting|purposeful|assertive|aggressive|hungry|power-hungry|on the make|desirous|anxious|impatient|striving|yearning|longing|wishing|itching|dying|hoping|avid|hankering|intent on|raring


word: AMBITIOUSLY
russian_word: честолюбиво
example: the city and developer need to think ambitiously about redevelopment plans
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: amˈbɪʃəsli
phonetics_text: amˈbɪʃəsli
definition:
with the intention of meeting high aspirations, typically by attempting something complex or difficult.


word: AMBIVALENCE
russian_word: амбивалентность
example: the law's ambivalence about the importance of a victim's identity
definition: the state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
antonyms: certainty|decisiveness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: amˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)ns
phonetics_text: amˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)ns|amˈbɪvəl(ə)ns|amˈbɪvələns
synonyms:
equivocation|uncertainty|unsureness|doubt|indecision|inconclusiveness|irresolution|irresoluteness|hesitation|hesitancy|fluctuation|vacillation|shilly-shallying|tentativeness|conflict|contradiction|clash|confusion|dilemma|quandary|muddle|vagueness|haze|haziness|unclearness|iffiness|equivocacy


word: AMBIVALENT
russian_word: амбивалентный
example: some loved her, some hated her, few were ambivalent about her
definition: having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
antonyms: unequivocal|certain
origin: early 20th century: from ambivalence (from German Ambivalenz ), on the pattern of equivalent .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: amˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)nt
phonetics_text: amˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)nt
synonyms:
equivocal|uncertain|unsure|doubtful|indecisive|inconclusive|irresolute|in two minds|undecided|unresolved|in a dilemma|on the horns of a dilemma|in a quandary|on the fence|torn|hesitating|fluctuating|wavering|vacillating|equivocating|mixed|opposing|conflicting|contradictory|clashing|confused|muddled|vague|hazy|unclear|iffy|blowing hot and cold


word: AMBLE
russian_word: иноходь
example: they ambled along the riverbank
definition: walk or move at a slow, relaxed pace.
antonyms: stride
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈamb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈamb(ə)l
synonyms:
stroll|saunter|wander|meander|ramble|dawdle|promenade|walk|go for a walk|take a walk|potter|roam|traipse|stretch one's legs|get some exercise|get some air|take the air|stravaig|mosey|tootle|pootle|bimble|mooch|swan|perambulate|peregrinate

origin:
Middle English (originally denoting a horse's gait): from Old French ambler, from Latin ambulare ‘to walk’.


word: AMBLYOPIA
russian_word: амблиопия
definition: impaired or dim vision without obvious defect or change in the eye.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌamblɪˈəʊpɪə
phonetics_text: ˌamblɪˈəʊpɪə
origin:
early 18th century: from Greek ambluōpia ‘short-sightedness’, from ambluōpos (adjective), from amblus ‘dull’ + ōps, ōp- ‘eye’.


word: AMBULANCE CHASER
russian_word: юрист
definition: a lawyer who specializes in bringing cases seeking damages for personal injury.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic:
late 19th century: from the reputation gained by certain lawyers for attending accidents and encouraging victims to sue.


word: AMBULETTE
russian_word: Транспорта
example: a week later, Eli would be taken by ambulette to the doctor
origin: 1940s: from ambulance + -ette.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈambjʊlɛt
phonetics_text: ˈambjʊlɛt
definition:
a specially equipped van for transporting disabled or convalescent passengers in non-emergency circumstances.


word: AMBUSH
russian_word: засада
example: seven members of a patrol were killed in an ambush
definition: a surprise attack by people lying in wait in a concealed position.
synonyms: surprise attack|trap|snare|pitfall|lure|ambuscade
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈambʊʃ
phonetics_text: ˈambʊʃ
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘place troops in hiding in order to surprise an enemy’): from Old French embusche (noun), embuschier (verb), based on a late Latin word meaning ‘to place in a wood’; related to bush1.


word: AMELIORATE
russian_word: улучшать
example: the reform did much to ameliorate living standards
definition: make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.
antonyms: worsen|leave alone
origin: mid 18th century: alteration of meliorate, influenced by French améliorer, from meilleur ‘better’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmiːlɪəreɪt
phonetics_text: əˈmiːlɪəreɪt
synonyms:
improve|make better|better|make improvements to|enhance|help|benefit|boost|raise|amend|refine|reform|relieve|ease|mitigate|retrieve|rectify|correct|right|put right|set right|put to rights|sort out|clear up|deal with|remedy|repair|fix|cure|heal|mend|make good|resolve|settle|redress|square|tweak|patch up


word: AMELIORATION
russian_word: мелиорация
example: progress brings with it the amelioration of the human condition
definition: the act of making something better; improvement.
antonyms: worsening
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌmiːlɪəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˌmiːlɪəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
improvement|change for the better|betterment|enhancement|help|benefit|boost|raising|amendment|refinement|reform|relief|easing|mitigation|rectification|correction|righting|putting right|setting right|putting to rights|sorting out|clearing up|remedy|repair|fix|cure|healing|mending|making good|resolution|settlement|redress|tweaking|patching up


word: AMENABLE
russian_word: поддающийся
example: parents who have amenable children
definition: open and responsive to suggestion; easily persuaded or controlled.
antonyms: uncooperative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈmiːnəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈmiːnəb(ə)l
synonyms:
compliant|acquiescent|biddable|manageable|controllable|governable|persuadable|tractable|responsive|pliant|flexible|malleable|complaisant|accommodating|docile|submissive|obedient|tame|meek|easily handled|persuasible

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘liable to answer to a law or tribunal’): an Anglo-Norman French legal term, from Old French amener ‘bring to’ from a- (from Latin ad ) ‘to’ + mener ‘bring’ (from late Latin minare ‘drive animals’, from Latin minari ‘threaten’).


word: AMEND
russian_word: вносить поправки
example: the rule was amended to apply only to non-members|amend your soil with peat moss or compost
origin: Middle English: from Old French amender, based on Latin emendare (see emend).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmɛnd
phonetics_text: əˈmɛnd
definition:
make minor changes to (a text, piece of legislation, etc.) in order to make it fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances.|improve the texture or fertility of (soil).

synonyms:
revise|alter|change|modify|qualify|adapt|adjust|edit|copy-edit|rewrite|rescript|redraft|recast|rephrase|reword|rework|reform|update|revamp|correct|remedy|fix|set right|put right|repair|emend|improve|ameliorate|better|enhance|clarify


word: AMENDMENT
russian_word: поправка
example: an amendment to existing bail laws
definition: a minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmɛn(d)m(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈmɛn(d)m(ə)nt
synonyms:
revision|alteration|change|modification|qualification|adaptation|adjustment|edit|editing|rewrite|rewriting|redraft|redrafting|recasting|rephrasing|rewording|reworking|reform|update|revamp|reshaping|correction|emendation|improvement|enhancement|clarification|updation

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘improvement, correction’): from Old French amendement, from amender (see amend).


word: AMENITY
russian_word: удобства
example: the property is situated in a convenient location, close to all local amenities
definition: a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.
origin: late Middle English: from Old French amenite or Latin amoenitas, from amoenus ‘pleasant’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmiːnɪti
phonetics_text: əˈmiːnɪti|əˈmɛnɪti
synonyms:
facility|service|convenience|resource|utility|system|appliance|aid|advantage|comfort|benefit|arrangement|opportunity|equipment|provision|solutions|assistance


word: AMERICIUM
russian_word: америций
origin: 1940s: from America (where it was first made) + -ium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaməˈrɪsjəm
phonetics_text: ˌaməˈrɪsjəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 95, a radioactive metal of the actinide series. Americium does not occur naturally and was first made by bombarding plutonium with neutrons.


word: AMIABILITY
russian_word: приветливость
example: his good-natured amiability
definition: the quality of having a friendly and pleasant manner; geniality.
antonyms: unfriendliness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: eɪmɪəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: eɪmɪəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
friendliness|affability|cordiality|warmth|warm-heartedness|good nature|niceness|pleasantness|agreeableness|likeability|lovableness|geniality|amicableness|amicability|sociableness|good humour|charm|kindness|kindliness|neighbourliness|hospitality|companionableness|sociability|gregariousness|conviviality|clubbability|personableness|couthiness|chumminess|mateyness


word: AMIABLE
russian_word: любезный
example: the amiable young man greeted me enthusiastically
definition: having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner.
antonyms: unfriendly|disagreeable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈeɪmɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈeɪmɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
friendly|affable|amicable|cordial|warm|warm-hearted|good-natured|nice|pleasant|agreeable|pleasing|likeable|lovable|genial|good-humoured|charming|winning|engaging|delightful|easy to get on/along with|obliging|kind|kindly|neighbourly|hospitable|companionable|sociable|gregarious|convivial|clubbable|personable|couthy|chummy|matey|regular|conversable

origin:
late Middle English (originally in the senses ‘kind’, and ‘lovely, lovable’): via Old French from late Latin amicabilis ‘amicable’. The current sense, influenced by modern French aimable ‘trying to please’, dates from the mid 18th century.


word: AMIANTHUS
russian_word: волокнистый асбест
definition: a variety of asbestos with fine silky fibres which can be woven.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌamɪˈanθəs
phonetics_text: ˌamɪˈanθəs
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin amiantus, from Greek amiantos ‘undefiled’ (i.e. purified of stains by fire, it being incombustible), from a- ‘not’ + miainein ‘defile’. The spelling was changed from the Latin on the pattern of plant names ending in -anthus, from Greek anthos ‘flower’.


word: AMICABLE
russian_word: дружный
example: an amicable settlement of the dispute
definition: characterized by friendliness and absence of discord.
antonyms: unfriendly|hostile
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈamɪkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈamɪkəb(ə)l
synonyms:
friendly|good-natured|cordial|civil|courteous|polite|easy|easy-going|neighbourly|brotherly|fraternal|harmonious|cooperative|civilized|non-hostile|peaceable|peaceful|conflict-free

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘pleasant, benign’, applied to things): from late Latin amicabilis, from Latin amicus ‘friend’.


word: AMIDE
russian_word: амид
origin: mid 19th century: from ammonia + -ide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪmʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈeɪmʌɪd|ˈamʌɪd
definition:
an organic compound containing the group —C(O)NH2, derived from ammonia by replacement of a hydrogen atom by an acyl group.


word: AMINE
russian_word: амин
origin: mid 19th century: from ammonia + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪmiːn
phonetics_text: ˈeɪmiːn
definition:
an organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.


word: AMISS
russian_word: неправильно
example: there was something amiss about his calculations
definition: not quite right; inappropriate or out of place.
antonyms: right|in order
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: əˈmɪs
phonetics_text: əˈmɪs
synonyms:
wrong|awry|faulty|out of order|defective|unsatisfactory|incorrect|untoward|adrift|astray|inappropriate|improper|unsuitable

origin:
Middle English: probably from Old Norse á mis ‘so as to miss’, from á ‘on’ + mis (related to miss1).


word: AMITY
russian_word: дружба
example: the presence of French troops in Scotland had produced hostility rather than amity
definition: friendly relations.
antonyms: animosity|enmity
origin: late Middle English: from Old French amitie, based on Latin amicus ‘friend’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamɪti
phonetics_text: ˈamɪti
synonyms:
friendship|friendliness|peace|peacefulness|peaceableness|harmony|harmoniousness|understanding|accord|concord|concurrence|cooperation|amicableness|goodwill|cordiality|warmth|geniality|fellowship|fraternity|brotherhood|brotherliness|comity


word: AMMONIACAL
russian_word: аммиачный
example: ammoniacal liquor from the coke ovens
definition: of or containing ammonia.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌamə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪək(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌamə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪək(ə)l
origin:
mid 18th century: from Middle English ammoniac, via Old French from Latin ammoniacus . This represented the Greek word ammōniakos ‘of Ammon’, used as a name for the salt and gum obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon at Siwa in Egypt. Compare with sal ammoniac.


word: AMMONITE
russian_word: аммонит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamənʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈamənʌɪt
definition:
an ammonoid fossil, especially one of a later type found chiefly in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, typically with intricately frilled suture lines.

origin:
mid 18th century: from modern Latin ammonites, from medieval Latin cornu Ammonis ‘horn of Ammon’, from the fossil's resemblance to the ram's horn associated with Jupiter Ammon (see ammoniacal).


word: AMMONOID
russian_word: аммоноидей
origin: mid 19th century: from modern Latin Ammonoidea, based on Ammon (see ammonite).
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈamənɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈamənɔɪd
definition:
an extinct cephalopod mollusc with a flat-coiled spiral shell, found commonly as a fossil in marine deposits from the Devonian to the Cretaceous periods.


word: AMMUNITION
russian_word: боеприпасы
example: guns, ammunition, and explosives
definition: a supply or quantity of bullets and shells.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: amjʊˈnɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: amjʊˈnɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
bullets|shells|projectiles|missiles|rounds|shot|slugs|cartridges|rockets|bombs|stores|munitions|materiel|ammo

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete French amunition, alteration (by wrong division) of la munition ‘the munition’ (see munition).


word: AMNESTY
russian_word: амнистия
example: an amnesty for political prisoners
definition: an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offences.
origin: late 16th century: via Latin from Greek amnēstia ‘forgetfulness’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈamnɪsti
phonetics_text: ˈamnɪsti
synonyms:
pardon|pardoning|reprieve|release|discharge|liberty|freedom|absolution|forgiveness|dispensation|remission|indulgence|clemency|mercy|let-off|letting off


word: AMNIOCENTESIS
russian_word: амниоцентез
origin: 1950s: from amnion + Greek kentēsis ‘pricking’ (from kentein ‘to prick’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌamnɪəʊsɛnˈtiːsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌamnɪəʊsɛnˈtiːsɪs
definition:
a process in which amniotic fluid is sampled using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for abnormalities in the developing fetus.


word: AMNIOTE
russian_word: амниот
origin: late 19th century: from modern Latin Amniota, back-formation from amniotic.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamnɪəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈamnɪəʊt
definition:
an animal whose embryo develops in an amnion and chorion and has an allantois; a mammal, bird, or reptile.


word: AMNIOTIC
russian_word: амниотический
definition: relating to the amnion.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: amnɪˈɒtɪk
phonetics_text: amnɪˈɒtɪk
origin:
early 19th century: formed irregularly from obsolete amnios  ‘amnion’ + -otic, perhaps via French amniotique .


word: AMOLE
russian_word: Амол
origin: mid 19th century: Mexican Spanish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈməʊli
phonetics_text: əˈməʊli
definition:
a plant of a group native to Mexico and the southern US whose roots are used as detergent, especially the soap-plant, Chlorogalum pomeridianum, or the lechuguilla, Agave lecheguilla.


word: AMONG
russian_word: среди
part_of_speech: preposition
phonetic: əˈmʌŋ
phonetics_text: əˈmʌŋ
example:
flowers hidden among the roots of the trees|a British woman was among the 54 victims of the disaster|a drop in tooth decay among children|the old king called the three princesses to divide his kingdom among them

definition:
situated more or less centrally in relation to (several other things).|being a member or members of (a larger set).|occurring in or shared by (some members of a group or community).|indicating a division, choice, or differentiation involving three or more participants.

synonyms:
surrounded by|in the company of|amid|in the middle of|between|in the thick of|amidst|in the midst of

origin:
Old English ongemang (from on ‘in’ + gemang ‘assemblage, mingling’). The -st of amongst represents -s (adverbial genitive) + -t probably by association with superlatives (as in against ).


word: AMOROUS
russian_word: влюбчивый
example: she rejected his amorous advances
definition: showing, feeling, or relating to sexual desire.
antonyms: unloving|cold
origin: Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin amorosus, from Latin amor ‘love’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈam(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˈam(ə)rəs
synonyms:
lustful|sexual|erotic|amatory|ardent|passionate|impassioned|romantic|affectionate|fond|loving|tender|doting|in love|enamoured|lovesick|lovey-dovey|spoony|kissy|smoochy|goo-goo|hot|randy|sportive


word: AMORPHOUS
russian_word: аморфный
example: an amorphous, characterless conurbation
definition: without a clearly defined shape or form.
antonyms: shaped|definite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈmɔːfəs
phonetics_text: əˈmɔːfəs
synonyms:
shapeless|formless|unformed|unshaped|structureless|unstructured|indeterminate|indefinite|vague|nebulous

origin:
mid 18th century: from modern Latin amorphus, from Greek amorphos ‘shapeless’ (from a- ‘without’ + morphē ‘form’) + -ous.


word: AMORTIZE
russian_word: амортизировать
example: the vessel's owners could not amortize her high capital costs
definition: gradually write off the initial cost of (an asset) over a period.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmɔːtʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈmɔːtʌɪz
origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘deaden’ and ‘transfer (land) to a corporation in mortmain’): from Old French amortiss-, lengthened stem of amortir, based on Latin ad ‘to, at’ + mors, mort- ‘death’.


word: AMOUNT
russian_word: количество
example: sport gives an enormous amount of pleasure to many people
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈmaʊnt
phonetics_text: əˈmaʊnt
definition:
a quantity of something, especially the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, or extent.

synonyms:
quantity|number|total|aggregate|sum|quota|group|size|mass|weight|volume|bulk|load|consignment|proportion|portion|part|dose|dosage|quantum

origin:
Middle English (as a verb): from Old French amunter, from amont ‘upward’, literally ‘uphill’, from Latin ad montem . The noun use dates from the early 18th century.


word: AMOXYCILLIN
russian_word: амоксициллин
origin: 1970s: from amino + oxy-2 + penicillin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn
phonetics_text: əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn
definition:
a semi-synthetic penicillin closely related to ampicillin and with similar properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally.


word: AMPERSAND
russian_word: амперсант
definition: the sign & (standing for and, as in Smith & Co., or the Latin et, as in &c. ).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈampəsand
phonetics_text: ˈampəsand
origin:
late 18th century: alteration of and per se and ‘ & by itself is and ’, formerly chanted as an aid to learning the sign.


word: AMPHIBOLE
russian_word: амфибол
example: acid rocks consist mostly of quartz and feldspars, with a little mica or amphibole
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamfɪbəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈamfɪbəʊl
definition:
any of a class of rock-forming silicate or aluminosilicate minerals typically occurring as fibrous or columnar crystals.

origin:
early 19th century: from French, from Latin amphibolus ‘ambiguous’ (because of the varied structure of these minerals), from Greek amphibolos, from amphi- ‘both, on both sides’ + ballein ‘to throw’.


word: AMPHIBRACH
russian_word: амфибрахий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamfɪbrak
phonetics_text: ˈamfɪbrak
definition:
a metrical foot consisting of a stressed syllable between two unstressed syllables or (in Greek and Latin) a long syllable between two short syllables.

origin:
late 16th century (originally in the Latin forms amphibrachus, amphibrachys ): via Latin from Greek amphibrakhus ‘short at both ends’.


word: AMPHITHEATRE
russian_word: амфитеатр
example: the opera was performed in the Roman amphitheatre
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamfɪθiːətə
phonetics_text: ˈamfɪθiːətə
definition:
(especially in Greek and Roman architecture) an open circular or oval building with a central space surrounded by tiers of seats for spectators, for the presentation of dramatic or sporting events.

origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek amphitheatron, from amphi ‘on both sides’ + theatron (see theatre).


word: AMPLE
russian_word: достаточный
example: there is ample time for discussion
definition: enough or more than enough; plentiful.
antonyms: insufficient|meagre
origin: late Middle English: via French from Latin amplus ‘large, capacious, abundant’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈamp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈamp(ə)l
synonyms:
enough|sufficient|adequate|plenty of|abundant|more than enough|enough and to spare|suitable|satisfactory|passable|allowable|tolerable|plenty|decent|plentiful|copious|profuse|rich|lavish|liberal|generous|bountiful|large|huge|great|bumper|flush|overflowing|superabundant|infinite|inexhaustible|opulent|prolific|teeming|a gogo|galore|lank|bounteous|plenteous


word: AMPLIFY
russian_word: усиливать
antonyms: reduce|quieten
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈamplɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈamplɪfʌɪ
example:
the accompanying chords have been amplified in our arrangement|the notes amplify information contained in the statement|genomic DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction

definition:
increase the volume of (sound), especially using an amplifier.|enlarge upon or add detail to (a story or statement).|make multiple copies of (a gene or DNA sequence).

synonyms:
louden|make louder|turn up|increase|boost|step up|raise|magnify|intensify|escalate|swell|heighten|add to|augment|supplement

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘increase, augment’): from Old French amplifier, from Latin amplificare, from amplus ‘large, abundant’.


word: AMPLITUDE
russian_word: амплитуда
example: the amplitude of alpha rhythms|the amplitude of the crime of manslaughter lies beneath murder
synonyms: magnitude|size|volume|proportions|dimensions|extent|range|scope|compass|breadth|width
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamplɪtjuːd
phonetics_text: ˈamplɪtjuːd
definition:
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.|the angular distance of a celestial object from the true east or west point of the horizon at rising or setting.|breadth, range, or magnitude.|the angle between the real axis of an Argand diagram and a vector representing a complex number.

origin:
mid 16th century (in the senses ‘physical extent’ and ‘grandeur’): from Latin amplitudo, from amplus ‘large, abundant’.


word: AMPUTATE
russian_word: ампутировать
example: surgeons had to amputate her left hand
definition: cut off (a limb) by surgical operation.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈampjʊteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈampjʊteɪt
synonyms:
cut off|sever|remove (surgically)|saw off|chop off|lop off|hack off|dock|cleave|hew off|shear off|slice off|separate|part|detach|disconnect|dissever|abscise

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin amputat- ‘lopped off’, from amputare, from am- (for amb- ‘about’) + putare ‘to prune’.


word: AMRIT
russian_word: Амрит
origin: from Sanskrit amṛta ‘immortal’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌmrɪt
phonetics_text: ˈʌmrɪt
definition:
a syrup considered by Sikhs to be divine, and which they drink at religious observances including baptism.


word: AMULET
russian_word: амулет
synonyms: lucky charm|charm|talisman|fetish|mascot|totem|idol|juju|phylactery|periapt
origin: late 16th century: from Latin amuletum, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamjʊlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈamjʊlɪt
definition:
an ornament or small piece of jewellery thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease.


word: AMUSE
russian_word: забавлять
example: he made faces to amuse her|they amused themselves digging through an old encyclopedia
antonyms: bore|depress
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈmjuːz
phonetics_text: əˈmjuːz
definition:
cause (someone) to find something funny.|provide interesting and enjoyable occupation for (someone); entertain.

synonyms:
entertain|make laugh|delight|divert|gladden|cheer (up)|please|charm|tickle|convulse|beguile|enliven|regale|tickle someone pink|crack someone up|wow|be a hit with|crease someone up|occupy|engage|busy|employ|distract|absorb|engross|preoccupy|hold|hold someone's attention|immerse|interest|involve

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘delude, deceive’): from Old French amuser ‘entertain, deceive’, from a- (expressing causal effect) + muser ‘stare stupidly’. Current senses date from the mid 17th century.


word: AMUSEMENT
russian_word: развлечение
antonyms: boredom|depression
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmjuːzm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈmjuːzm(ə)nt
example:
we looked with amusement at our horoscopes|an evening's amusement|on the promenade the amusements were still open

definition:
the state or experience of finding something funny.|the provision or enjoyment of entertainment.|a roundabout, game machine, etc. for providing entertainment at a fairground or resort.

synonyms:
mirth|merriment|light-heartedness|hilarity|glee|delight|laughter|levity|gaiety|joviality|fun|jocularity|enjoyment|pleasure|high spirits|mirthfulness|cheerfulness|cheeriness|cheer|sport

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘musing, diversion of the attention’): from French, from the verb amuser (see amuse).


word: AMUSING
russian_word: забавный
example: such a likeable, amusing man!
definition: causing laughter and providing entertainment.
antonyms: boring|solemn
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈmjuːzɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈmjuːzɪŋ
synonyms:
entertaining|funny|comical|humorous|light-hearted|jocular|witty|mirthful|hilarious|chucklesome|ludicrous|laughable|rollicking|facetious|droll|whimsical|novel|interesting|diverting|engaging|beguiling|wacky|side-splitting|rib-tickling


word: AMYGDALA
russian_word: миндалина
origin: Late Middle English: via Latin from Greek amugdalē ‘almond’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmɪɡdələ
phonetics_text: əˈmɪɡdələ
definition:
a roughly almond-shaped mass of grey matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions.


word: AMYGDALIN
russian_word: амигдалин
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin amygdala ‘almond’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈmɪɡd(ə)lɪn
phonetics_text: əˈmɪɡd(ə)lɪn
definition:
a bitter crystalline compound found in bitter almonds and the stones of peaches, apricots, and other fruit.


word: AMYLASE
russian_word: амилаза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈamɪleɪz
phonetics_text: ˈamɪleɪz
definition:
an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.


word: ANABAPTISM
russian_word: анабаптизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanəˈbaptɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˌanəˈbaptɪz(ə)m
definition:
the doctrine that baptism should only be administered to believing adults, held by a radical Protestant sect of the 16th century.

origin:
mid 16th century: via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek anabaptismos, from ana- ‘over again’ + baptismos ‘baptism’.


word: ANABATIC
russian_word: анабатический
definition: (of a wind) caused by local upward motion of warm air.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌanəˈbatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanəˈbatɪk
origin:
early 20th century: from Greek anabatikos, from anabatēs ‘a person who ascends’, from anabainein ‘walk up’.


word: ANACOLUTHON
russian_word: анаколуф
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanəkəˈluːθɒn
phonetics_text: ˌanəkəˈluːθɒn|ˌanəkəˈluːθ(ə)n
definition:
a sentence or construction in which the expected grammatical sequence is absent, for example while in the garden, the door banged shut.

origin:
early 18th century: via late Latin from Greek anakolouthon, from an- ‘not’ + akolouthos ‘following’.


word: ANACONDA
russian_word: анаконда
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanəˈkɒndə
phonetics_text: ˌanəˈkɒndə
definition:
a semiaquatic snake of the boa family that may grow to a great size, native to tropical South America.

origin:
mid 18th century (originally denoting a kind of Sri Lankan snake): unexplained alteration of Latin anacandaia ‘python’, from Sinhalese henakaňdayā ‘whip snake’, from hena ‘lightning’ + kaňda ‘stem’.


word: ANAEMIA
russian_word: анемия
origin: early 19th century: via modern Latin from Greek anaimia, from an- ‘without’ + haima ‘blood’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈniːmɪə
phonetics_text: əˈniːmɪə
definition:
a condition in which there is a deficiency of red cells or of haemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.


word: ANAEMIC
russian_word: анемичный
example: the doctor said you were a bit anaemic
definition: (of a person) suffering from anaemia.
antonyms: ruddy
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈniːmɪk
phonetics_text: əˈniːmɪk
synonyms:
colourless|bloodless|pale|pallid|wan|ashen|white|white as a ghost/sheet|grey|jaundiced|waxen|chalky|chalk white|milky|pasty|pasty-faced|whey-faced|peaky|sickly|tired-looking|washed out|sallow|drained|drawn|sapped|ghostly|deathly|deathlike|bleached|etiolated


word: ANAEROBIC
russian_word: анаэробный
example: anaerobic bacteria|anaerobic exercise requires short sudden bursts of energy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌanɛːˈrəʊbɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanɛːˈrəʊbɪk
definition:
relating to or requiring an absence of free oxygen.|relating to or denoting exercise that does not improve the efficiency of the body's cardiovascular system in absorbing and transporting oxygen.


word: ANAESTHESIA
russian_word: анестезия
example: during anaesthesia body temperature falls due to the effect of drugs
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanɪsˈθiːzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌanɪsˈθiːzɪə
definition:
insensitivity to pain, especially as artificially induced by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs before surgical operations.

origin:
early 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek anaisthēsia, from an- ‘without’ + aisthēsis ‘sensation’.


word: ANAESTHETIC
russian_word: анестетик
example: he trained as a medical technical officer, working in anaesthetics
definition: a substance that induces insensitivity to pain.|the study or practice of anaesthesia.
synonyms: narcotic|soporific|stupefacient|painkiller|sedative|anodyne|analgesic|opiate|general|local
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌanɪsˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanɪsˈθɛtɪk
origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek anaisthētos ‘insensible’, related to anaisthēsia (see anaesthesia), + -ic.


word: ANAESTHETIZE
russian_word: анестезировать
example: I was called to Casualty to anaesthetize a patient
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈniːsθətʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈniːsθətʌɪz
definition:
administer an anaesthetic to (a person or animal), especially so as to induce a loss of consciousness.


word: ANAGLYPH
russian_word: анаглиф
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanəɡlɪf
phonetics_text: ˈanəɡlɪf
definition:
a stereoscopic photograph with the two images superimposed and printed in different colours, usually red and green, producing a stereo effect when viewed with appropriate filters over each eye.|an object, such as a cameo, embossed or carved in low relief.

origin:
late 16th century (in anaglyph (sense 2)): from Greek anagluphē, from ana- ‘up’ + gluphē (from gluphein ‘carve’). anaglyph (sense 1) dates from the late 19th century.


word: ANAGNORISIS
russian_word: заключительная сцена
origin: late 18th century: Greek, literally ‘recognition’, from ana- ‘back’ + gnorisis ‘making known’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanəɡˈnɒrɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌanəɡˈnɒrɪsɪs
example:
we see the tormented figure of Oedipus come to recognize the truth in a classical moment of anagnorisis

definition:
the point in a play, novel, etc., in which a principal character recognizes or discovers another character's true identity or the true nature of their own circumstances.


word: ANAGRAMMATIC
russian_word: анаграмматический
example: he would write using anagrammatic versions of his name
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anəɡrəˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: anəɡrəˈmatɪk
definition:
denoting or employing a word, phrase, or name formed by rearranging the letters of another; in the form of an anagram.


word: ANALECTS
russian_word: литературный сборник
definition: a collection of short literary or philosophical extracts.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanəlɛkts
phonetics_text: ˈanəlɛkts
origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek analekta ‘things gathered up’, from analegein ‘pick up’, from ana- ‘up’ + legein ‘gather’.


word: ANALEMMA
russian_word: аналемма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanəˈlɛmə
phonetics_text: ˌanəˈlɛmə
definition:
the asymmetrical figure-of-eight curve that can be traced in the sky at a given place showing the position of the sun at the same standard time (usually twelve o'clock) on successive days of a year.

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘projection of the celestial sphere on to the plane of the meridian’): Latin, from Greek analēmma ‘prop or support’.


word: ANALOGOUS
russian_word: аналогичный
antonyms: dissimilar|unrelated
origin: mid 17th century: via Latin from Greek analogos ‘proportionate’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈnaləɡəs
phonetics_text: əˈnaləɡəs
example:
they saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children

definition:
comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

synonyms:
comparable|parallel|similar|like|corresponding|related|kindred|matching|cognate|equivalent|symmetrical|homologous


word: ANALOGUE
russian_word: аналог
example: analogue signals
origin: early 19th century (as noun): from French, from Greek analogon, neuter of analogos ‘proportionate’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈanəlɒɡ
phonetics_text: ˈanəlɒɡ
definition:
relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc.


word: ANALOGY
russian_word: аналогия
example: an analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnalədʒi
phonetics_text: əˈnalədʒi
definition:
a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘appropriateness, correspondence’): from French analogie, Latin analogia ‘proportion’, from Greek, from analogos ‘proportionate’.


word: ANALPHABETIC
russian_word: неграмотный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌanalfəˈbɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanalfəˈbɛtɪk
example:
Chinese has an analphabetic writing system|at least one of my grandmothers was unlettered, analphabetic

definition:
representing sounds by composite signs rather than by single letters or symbols.|completely illiterate.


word: ANALYSE
russian_word: анализировать
example: we need to analyse our results more clearly
origin: late 16th century: influenced by French analyser, from medieval Latin analysis (see analysis).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈan(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈan(ə)lʌɪz
definition:
examine (something) methodically and in detail, typically in order to explain and interpret it.|psychoanalyse (someone).

synonyms:
examine|inspect|survey|scan|study|scrutinize|look over|peruse|search|investigate|explore|probe|research|inquire into|go over|go over with a fine-tooth comb|check|sift|dissect|audit|judge|review|evaluate|interpret|anatomize


word: ANALYSIS
russian_word: анализ
definition: detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.|short for psychoanalysis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnalɪsɪs
phonetics_text: əˈnalɪsɪs
example:
statistical analysis|other schools of analysis have evolved out of the original disciplines established by Freud

synonyms:
examination|investigation|inspection|survey|scanning|study|scrutiny|perusal|exploration|probe|research|inquiry|anatomy|audit|review|evaluation|interpretation|anatomization

origin:
late 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek analusis, from analuein ‘unloose’, from ana- ‘up’ + luein ‘loosen’.


word: ANALYTICAL
russian_word: аналитический
example: analytical methods
definition: relating to or using analysis or logical reasoning.
antonyms: unsystematic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anəˈlɪtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: anəˈlɪtɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
systematic|logical|scientific|inquisitive|investigative|inquiring|methodical|organized|well organized|ordered|orderly|meticulous|rigorous|searching|critical|interpretative|diagnostic|exact|precise|accurate|mathematical|regulated|controlled|rational


word: ANAPAEST
russian_word: анапест
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanəpiːst
phonetics_text: ˈanəpiːst|ˈanəpɛst
definition:
a metrical foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable.

origin:
late 16th century: via Latin from Greek anapaistos ‘reversed’, from ana- ‘back’ + paiein ‘strike’ (because it is the reverse of a dactyl).


word: ANAPHASE
russian_word: анафаза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanəfeɪz
phonetics_text: ˈanəfeɪz
definition:
the third stage of cell division, between metaphase and telophase, during which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.


word: ANAPHOR
russian_word: анафора
origin: 1970s: back-formation from anaphora.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanəfɔː
phonetics_text: ˈanəfɔː|ˈanəfə
definition:
a word or phrase that refers back to an earlier word or phrase (e.g. in my cousin said she was coming, she is used as an anaphor for my cousin ).


word: ANAPHYLAXIS
russian_word: анафилаксия
origin: early 20th century: modern Latin, from Greek ana- ‘again’ + phulaxis ‘guarding’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanəfɪˈlaksɪs
phonetics_text: ˌanəfɪˈlaksɪs
definition:
an acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g. a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive.


word: ANAPLASTIC
russian_word: анапластический
example: anaplastic thyroid cancer
origin: 1920s: see anaplasia.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anəˈplastɪk
phonetics_text: anəˈplastɪk
definition:
denoting, relating to, or characteristic of cells or tissues that have lost their mature or specialized features, as in malignant tumours.


word: ANARCHIC
russian_word: анархический
example: an anarchic and bitter civil war
definition: with no controlling rules or principles to give order.
antonyms: ordered
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈnɑːkɪk
phonetics_text: əˈnɑːkɪk
synonyms:
lawless|without law and order|unruly|in disorder|disordered|disorganized|chaotic|in turmoil|turbulent|rebellious|mutinous


word: ANARCHIST
russian_word: анархист
definition: a person who believes in or tries to bring about anarchy.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈanəkɪst
phonetics_text: ˈanəkɪst
synonyms:
nihilist|insurgent|agitator|subversive|guerrilla|terrorist|bioterrorist|narco-terrorist|ecoterrorist|cyberterrorist|agroterrorist|freedom fighter|resistance fighter|rebel|revolutionary|revolutionist|Bolshevik|mutineer|insurrectionist|frondeur

origin:
mid 17th century: from Greek anarkhos ‘without a chief’ (see anarchy) + -ist; later influenced by French anarchiste .


word: ANARCHY
russian_word: анархия
antonyms: government|order
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanəki
phonetics_text: ˈanəki
definition:
a state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems.|absence of government and absolute freedom of the individual, regarded as a political ideal.

synonyms:
lawlessness|absence of government|nihilism|mobocracy|revolution|insurrection|riot|rebellion|mutiny|disorder|disorganization|misrule|chaos|tumult|turmoil|mayhem|pandemonium

origin:
mid 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek anarkhia, from anarkhos, from an- ‘without’ + arkhos ‘chief, ruler’.


word: ANATHEMA
russian_word: анафема
example: racial hatred was anathema to her|the Pope laid special emphasis on the second of these anathemas
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnaθəmə
phonetics_text: əˈnaθəmə
definition:
something or someone that one vehemently dislikes.|a formal curse by a pope or a council of the Church, excommunicating a person or denouncing a doctrine.

synonyms:
abhorrent|hateful|odious|repugnant|repellent|offensive|abomination|abhorrence|aversion|monstrosity|outrage|evil|disgrace|bane|bugbear|bête noire|pariah

origin:
early 16th century: from ecclesiastical Latin, ‘excommunicated person, excommunication’, from Greek anathema ‘thing dedicated’, (later) ‘thing devoted to evil, accursed thing’, from anatithenai ‘to set up’.


word: ANATOMIST
russian_word: анатом
definition: an expert in anatomy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnatəmɪst
phonetics_text: əˈnatəmɪst
origin:
mid 16th century: from French anatomiste, from a medieval Latin derivative of anatomizare (see anatomize).


word: ANATOMY
russian_word: анатомия
example: he studied physiology and anatomy|a detailed anatomy of a society and its institutions
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnatəmi
phonetics_text: əˈnatəmi
definition:
the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.|a study of the structure or internal workings of something.

synonyms:
analysis|examination|inspection|survey|study|scrutiny|perusal|investigation|exploration|probe|research|inquiry|dissection|audit|review|evaluation|interpretation|anatomization

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French anatomie or late Latin anatomia, from Greek, from ana- ‘up’ + tomia ‘cutting’ (from temnein ‘to cut’).


word: ANCESTOR
russian_word: предок
example: he could trace his ancestors back to James the First
definition: a person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.
antonyms: descendant|successor
synonyms: forebear|forefather|predecessor|progenitor|antecedent|primogenitor
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈansɛstə
phonetics_text: ˈansɛstə
origin:
Middle English: from Old French ancestre, from Latin antecessor, from antecedere, from ante ‘before’ + cedere ‘go’.


word: ANCESTRY
russian_word: родословная
example: he was proud of his Irish ancestry|the book traces the ancestry of women's poetry
definition: one's family or ethnic descent.|the origin or background of something.
origin: Middle English: alteration of Old French ancesserie, from ancestre (see ancestor).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈansɛstri
phonetics_text: ˈansɛstri
synonyms:
ancestors|forebears|forefathers|progenitors|antecedents|family tree|lineage|line|descent|family|parentage|extraction|origin|derivation|genealogy|heredity|pedigree|blood|bloodline|stock|strain|roots|filiation|stirps


word: ANCHO
russian_word: анчо
origin: from Mexican Spanish (chile) ancho, ‘wide (chilli)’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantʃəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈantʃəʊ
definition:
a large aromatic variety of chilli pepper, used (usually dried) in dishes of Mexican origin or style.


word: ANCHOR
russian_word: якорь
synonyms: announcer|anchorman|anchorwoman|newscaster|broadcaster|reporter|presenter|newsreader
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈaŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈaŋkə
example:
the boat, no longer held fast by its anchor, swung wildly|he signed off after nineteen years as CBS news anchor

definition:
a heavy object attached to a cable or chain and used to moor a ship to the sea bottom, typically having a metal shank with a pair of curved, barbed flukes at one end.|an anchorman or anchorwoman.

origin:
Old English ancor, ancra, via Latin from Greek ankura ; reinforced in Middle English by Old French ancre . The current form is from anchora, an erroneous Latin spelling. The verb (from Old French ancrer ) dates from Middle English.


word: ANCHORITE
russian_word: отшельник
definition: a religious recluse.
synonyms: hermit|recluse|ascetic|marabout|santon|eremite|stylite|cenobite
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋkərʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaŋkərʌɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin anchorita (ecclesiastical Latin anchoreta ), from ecclesiastical Greek anakhōrētēs, from anakhōrein ‘retire’, from ana- ‘back’ + khōra, khōr- ‘a place’.


word: ANCHORMAN
russian_word: телеведущий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋkəmən
phonetics_text: ˈaŋkəmən
definition:
a person who presents and coordinates a live television or radio programme involving other contributors.|the member of a relay team who runs the last leg.


word: ANCHORWOMAN
russian_word: ведущая
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋkəˌwʊmən
phonetics_text: ˈaŋkəˌwʊmən
example:
a veteran television anchorwoman|the team's anchorwoman was the primary reason why they won April's crown

definition:
a woman who presents and coordinates a live television or radio programme involving other contributors.|a female member of a relay team who runs the last leg.


word: ANCHOVY
russian_word: анчоус
origin: late 16th century: from Spanish and Portuguese anchova, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantʃəvi
phonetics_text: ˈantʃəvi|anˈtʃəʊvi
definition:
a small shoaling fish of commercial importance as a food fish and as bait. It is strongly flavoured and is usually preserved in salt and oil.


word: ANCIENT
russian_word: древний
example: the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean
definition: belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence.
antonyms: recent|contemporary
origin: late Middle English: from Old French ancien, based on Latin ante ‘before’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt
synonyms:
of long ago|earliest|first|early|past|former|bygone|prehistoric|primeval|primordial|primitive|classical|olden|of yore|foregone


word: ANCYLOSTOMIASIS
russian_word: анкилостомидоз
definition: hookworm infection of the small intestine, often leading to anaemia.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaŋkɪlə(ʊ)stə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪəsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌaŋkɪlə(ʊ)stə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪəsɪs|ˌansɪlə(ʊ)stə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪəsɪs
origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Ancylostoma (from Greek ankulos ‘crooked’ + stoma ‘mouth’) + -iasis.


word: AND
russian_word: и
origin: Old English and, ond, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch en and German und .
part_of_speech: conjunction|noun
phonetic: ənd
phonetics_text: ənd|(ə)n|and
example:
bread and butter|if it came to a choice—and this was the worst thing—she would turn her back on her parents|I would try and do what he said

definition:
used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly.|used to introduce an additional comment or interjection.|used after some verbs and before another verb to indicate intention, instead of ‘to’.

synonyms:
together with|along with|with|as well as|in addition to|including|also|too|besides|furthermore|moreover|plus|what's more


word: ANDALUSITE
russian_word: андалузит
origin: early 19th century: from the name of the Spanish region of Andalusia + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌandəˈluːsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌandəˈluːsʌɪt
definition:
a grey, green, brown, or pink aluminosilicate mineral occurring mainly in metamorphic rocks as elongated rhombic prisms, sometimes of gem quality.


word: ANDESITE
russian_word: андезит
origin: mid 19th century: named after the Andes mountains, where it is found + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈandɪzʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈandɪzʌɪt|ˈandɪsʌɪt
definition:
a dark, fine-grained, brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock which is a common constituent of lavas in some areas.


word: ANDRADITE
russian_word: андрадит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈandrədʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈandrədʌɪt
definition:
a mineral of the garnet group, containing calcium and iron. It occurs as yellow, green, brown, or black crystals, sometimes of gem quality.

origin:
mid 19th century: named after J. B. de Andrada e Silva ( c.  1763–1838), Brazilian geologist, + -ite1.


word: ANDROGYNE
russian_word: андрогин
definition: an androgynous person.|a hermaphrodite.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈandrədʒʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈandrədʒʌɪn
origin:
Old English (in sense androgyne (sense 2)): via Latin from Greek androgunos, from anēr, andr- ‘man’ + gunē ‘woman’.


word: ANDROPAUSE
russian_word: андропауза
origin: 1950s: from andro-, on the pattern of menopause.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈandrəpɔːz
phonetics_text: ˈandrəpɔːz
definition:
a collection of symptoms, including fatigue and a decrease in libido, experienced by some middle-aged or older men and attributed to a gradual decline in testosterone levels.


word: ANECDOTAL
russian_word: анекдотический
example: while there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact
antonyms: experimental|scientific
synonyms: informal|unreliable|based on hearsay|unscientific
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌanɪkˈdəʊtl
phonetics_text: ˌanɪkˈdəʊtl
definition:
(of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research.


word: ANECDOTE
russian_word: анекдот
example: he told anecdotes about his job
definition: a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.
synonyms: story|tale|narrative|sketch|urban myth|urban legend|reminiscence|yarn|shaggy-dog story
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanɪkdəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈanɪkdəʊt
origin:
late 17th century: from French, or via modern Latin from Greek anekdota ‘things unpublished’, from an- ‘not’ + ekdotos, from ekdidōnai ‘publish’.


word: ANENCEPHALY
russian_word: анэнцефалия
origin: mid 19th century: from an-1 + Greek enkephalos ‘brain’ + -y3.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanɛnˈsɛfəli
phonetics_text: ˌanɛnˈsɛfəli|ˌanɛnˈkɛfəli
definition:
a severe congenital condition in which a large part of the skull is absent along with the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.


word: ANERGY
russian_word: анергия
definition: absence of the normal immune response to a particular antigen or allergen.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanədʒi
phonetics_text: ˈanədʒi
origin:
early 20th century: from German Anergie, from Greek an- ‘not’, on the pattern of Allergie ‘allergy’.


word: ANEROID
russian_word: анероидный
origin: mid 19th century: coined in French from Greek a- ‘without’ + nēros ‘water’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈanərɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈanərɔɪd
definition:
relating to or denoting a barometer that measures air pressure by the action of the air in deforming the elastic lid of an evacuated box.


word: ANGARY
russian_word: ангария
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋɡəri
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡəri
definition:
the right of a country at war to seize or destroy neutral property out of military necessity, provided that compensation is paid.

origin:
late 19th century: from French angarie ‘chore, imposition’, from Italian or Latin angaria ‘forced service’, from Greek angareia, from angaros ‘courier’ (being liable to serve as the King's messenger), from Persian.


word: ANGEL
russian_word: ангел
antonyms: devil
synonyms: messenger of God|divine/heavenly messenger|divine being|spirit
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪndʒ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈeɪndʒ(ə)l
example:
God sent an angel to talk to Gideon|I know I'm no angel|the longer it takes you to get your product into the marketplace, the longer it will be until the angels get their money back|we rendezvous at angels nine

definition:
a spiritual being believed to act as an attendant, agent, or messenger of God, conventionally represented in human form with wings and a long robe.|a person of exemplary conduct or virtue.|a person who supports a business financially, typically one who invests private capital in a small or newly established enterprise.|a former English coin minted between the reigns of Edward IV and Charles I and bearing the figure of the archangel Michael killing a dragon.|an aircraft's altitude (often used with a numeral indicating thousands of feet).|an unexplained radar echo.

origin:
Old English engel, ultimately via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek angelos ‘messenger’; superseded in Middle English by forms from Old French angele .


word: ANGELFISH
russian_word: морской ангел
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪndʒ(ə)lfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈeɪndʒ(ə)lfɪʃ
definition:
any of a number of laterally compressed deep-bodied fishes with extended dorsal and anal fins, typically brightly coloured or boldly striped.


word: ANGELIC
russian_word: ангельский
example: the angelic hosts
definition: relating to angels.
antonyms: demonic|satanic|infernal
synonyms: divine|heavenly|celestial|holy|seraphic|cherubic|ethereal|spiritual|empyrean
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anˈdʒɛlɪk
phonetics_text: anˈdʒɛlɪk
origin:
late Middle English: from French angélique, via late Latin from Greek angelikos, from angelos (see angel).


word: ANGELICA
russian_word: дудник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈdʒɛlɪkə
phonetics_text: anˈdʒɛlɪkə
definition:
a tall aromatic plant of the parsley family, with large leaves and yellowish-green flowers. It is used in cooking and herbal medicine.

origin:
early 16th century: from medieval Latin (herba) angelica ‘angelic (herb)’, so named because it was believed to be efficacious against poisoning and disease.


word: ANGER
russian_word: гнев
example: the colonel's anger at his daughter's disobedience
definition: a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.
antonyms: pleasure|good humour
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈaŋɡə
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡə
synonyms:
annoyance|vexation|exasperation|crossness|irritation|irritability|indignation|pique|displeasure|resentment|rage|fury|wrath|outrage|temper|road rage|air rage|irascibility|ill temper|dyspepsia|spleen|ill humour|tetchiness|testiness|waspishness|aggravation|ire|choler|bile

origin:
Middle English: from Old Norse angr ‘grief’, angra ‘vex’. The original use was in the Old Norse senses; current senses date from late Middle English.


word: ANGIOSPERM
russian_word: покрытосемянное
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈandʒɪə(ʊ)spəːm
phonetics_text: ˈandʒɪə(ʊ)spəːm
definition:
a plant of a large group that comprises those that have flowers and produce seeds enclosed within a carpel, including herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses, and most trees.


word: ANGIOTENSIN
russian_word: ангиотензин
origin: 1950s: from angio- + ( hyper)tens(ion ) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌandʒɪə(ʊ)ˈtɛnsɪn
phonetics_text: ˌandʒɪə(ʊ)ˈtɛnsɪn
definition:
a protein whose presence in the blood promotes aldosterone secretion and tends to raise blood pressure.


