# Dictionary_data_final

word: ANGLE
russian_word: угол
synonyms: gradient|slant|inclination|geometrical relation
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin angulus ‘corner’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈaŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡ(ə)l
example:
in any triangle, the longest side is opposite the largest angle|discussing the problems from every conceivable angle|the supporting frame is usually of aluminium angle bolted together

definition:
the space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet.|a particular way of approaching or considering an issue or problem.|each of the four cardinal points of a chart, from which the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth houses extend anticlockwise respectively.|angle iron or a similar constructional material made of another metal.


word: ANGLE BRACKET
russian_word: консоль
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
either of a pair of marks in the form < > used to enclose words or figures so as to separate them from their context.|another term for bracket (sense 3 of the noun).


word: ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
russian_word: угол падения
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the angle which an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.


word: ANGLERFISH
russian_word: морской черт
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋɡləfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡləfɪʃ
definition:
a fish that lures prey with a fleshy lobe on a filament arising from the snout, typically with a very large head and wide mouth, and a small body and tail.


word: ANGLICAN
russian_word: английский
definition: relating to or denoting the Church of England or any Church in communion with it.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈaŋɡlɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡlɪk(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin Anglicanus (its adoption suggested by Anglicana ecclesia ‘the English church’ in the Magna Carta), from Latin Anglicus, from Angli (see Angle).


word: ANGLICISM
russian_word: англицизм
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin Anglicus, from Angli (see Angle) + -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋɡlɪsɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡlɪsɪz(ə)m
example:
this new autobiography is studded with Anglicisms like lorries, plimsolls, and doing a bunk|the French have as an irritating Anglicism: un toast

definition:
a word or phrase that is peculiar to British English.|a word or phrase borrowed from English into a foreign language.


word: ANGLO
russian_word: англо
origin: early 19th century: independent usage of Anglo-.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanɡləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈanɡləʊ
example:
most of the Anglos who moved to Texas came from the Deep South|the Scottish Grand Slam side had four or five Anglos

definition:
a white English-speaking person of British or northern European origin, in particular (in the US) as distinct from a Hispanic American or (in Canada) as distinct from a French-speaker.|a person selected for a Scottish, Irish, or Welsh national sports team who plays for an English club.


word: ANGLOPHONE
russian_word: англоязычных
example: the population is largely anglophone
definition: English-speaking.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈaŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊn
origin:
early 20th century (as a noun; rare before the 1960s): from Anglo- + -phone, on the pattern of francophone .


word: ANGOSTURA
russian_word: ангостура
origin: late 18th century: from the place name Angostura.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaŋɡəˈstjʊərə
phonetics_text: ˌaŋɡəˈstjʊərə
definition:
an aromatic bitter bark from certain South American trees, used as a flavouring, and formerly as a tonic and to reduce fever.


word: ANGRY
russian_word: сердитый
example: an angry customer
definition: feeling or showing strong annoyance, displeasure, or hostility; full of anger.
antonyms: calm|pleased|good-humoured|peaceful
origin: late Middle English: from anger + -y1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaŋɡri
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡri
synonyms:
irate|annoyed|cross|vexed|irritated|exasperated|indignant|aggrieved|irked|piqued|displeased|provoked|galled|resentful|furious|enraged|infuriated|in a temper|incensed|raging|incandescent|wrathful|fuming|ranting|raving|seething|frenzied|in a frenzy|beside oneself|outraged|in high dudgeon|irascible|bad-tempered|hot-tempered|choleric|splenetic|dyspeptic|tetchy|testy|crabby|waspish|hostile|antagonistic|dark|dirty|filthy|mad|hopping mad|wild|livid|boiling|apoplectic|aerated|hot under the collar|riled|on the warpath|up in arms|with all guns blazing|foaming at the mouth|steamed up|in a lather|fit to be tied|aggravated|snappy|snappish|shirty|stroppy|narky|ratty|eggy|in a paddy|as cross as two sticks|sore|bent out of shape|soreheaded|teed off|ticked off|ropeable|snaky|crook|vex|in a bate|waxy|ireful|wroth|heated|hot|passionate|fiery|stormy|tempestuous|lively|ill-tempered|acrimonious|bitter|pissed off|pissed


word: ANGST
russian_word: тоска
example: the existential angst of the middle classes
origin: 1920s: from German, ‘fear’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aŋst
phonetics_text: aŋst
definition:
a feeling of deep anxiety or dread, typically an unfocused one about the human condition or the state of the world in general.

synonyms:
anxiety|fear|dread|apprehension|worry|perturbation|foreboding|trepidation|malaise|distress|disquiet|disquietude|unease|uneasiness|inquietude


word: ANGSTROM
russian_word: ангстрем
origin: late 19th century: named after A. J. Ångström (see Ångström, Anders Jonas).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋstrəm
phonetics_text: ˈaŋstrəm
definition:
a unit of length equal to one hundred-millionth of a centimetre, 10−10 metre, used mainly to express wavelengths and interatomic distances.


word: ANGUISH
russian_word: тоска
example: she shut her eyes in anguish
definition: severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
antonyms: happiness|contentment
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈaŋɡwɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡwɪʃ
synonyms:
agony|pain|torment|torture|suffering|distress|angst|misery|sorrow|grief|heartache|heartbreak|wretchedness|unhappiness|woe|desolation|despair|the dark night of the soul|purgatory|hell on earth|dolour

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin angustia ‘tightness’, (plural) ‘straits, distress’, from angustus ‘narrow’.


word: ANGUISHED
russian_word: страдальческий
example: he gave an anguished cry
definition: experiencing or expressing severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
antonyms: happy|contented
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaŋɡwɪʃt
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡwɪʃt
synonyms:
agonized|tormented|racked with pain/suffering|tortured|harrowed|miserable|unhappy|sad|broken-hearted|heartbroken|grief-stricken|wretched|sorrowful|sorrowing|distressed|desolate|devastated|despairing|cut up|dolorous

origin:
early 17th century: past participle of anguish (verb) in the rare sense ‘distress with severe mental or physical pain’, from Old French anguissier, from ecclesiastical Latin angustiare ‘to distress’, from Latin angustia .


word: ANGULAR
russian_word: угловой
example: angular chairs|angular acceleration
antonyms: rounded|curving
synonyms: sharp-cornered|pointed|V-shaped|Y-shaped|forked|bifurcate
origin: late Middle English (as an astrological term): from Latin angularis, from angulus (see angle1).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaŋɡjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡjʊlə
definition:
having angles or sharp corners.|denoting physical properties or quantities measured with reference to or by means of an angle, especially those associated with rotation.|relating to or denoting any of the houses that begin at the four cardinal points of a chart.


word: ANGULATE
russian_word: углообразный
example: the hindquarters are more strongly angulated than the forequarters
definition: hold, bend, or distort (a part of the body) so as to form an angle or angles.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈaŋɡjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaŋɡjʊleɪt
origin:
late 15th century (as angulated, used chiefly as a botanical or zoological term): from Latin angulatus, past participle of angulare, from angulus ‘angle’. The skiing term dates from the 1970s.


word: ANHYDRITE
russian_word: ангидрит
origin: early 19th century: from Greek anudros (see anhydrous) + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈhʌɪdrʌɪt
phonetics_text: anˈhʌɪdrʌɪt
definition:
a white mineral consisting of anhydrous calcium sulphate. It typically occurs in evaporite deposits.


word: ANI
russian_word: Ани
origin: early 19th century: from Spanish ani, Portuguese anum, from Tupi anũ .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːni
phonetics_text: ˈɑːni
definition:
a glossy black long-tailed bird of the cuckoo family, with a large deep bill, found in Central and South America.


word: ANILINE
russian_word: анилин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanɪliːn
phonetics_text: ˈanɪliːn|ˈanɪlɪn
definition:
a colourless oily liquid present in coal tar. It is used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and plastics, and was the basis of the earliest synthetic dyes.

origin:
mid 19th century: from anil  ‘indigo’ (from which it was originally obtained), via French and Portuguese from Arabic an-nīl (from Sanskrit nīlī, from nīla ‘dark blue’).


word: ANIMAL
russian_word: животное
example: wild animals adapt badly to a caged life
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈanɪm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈanɪm(ə)l
definition:
a living organism that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

origin:
Middle English: the noun from Latin animal, based on Latin animalis ‘having breath’ from anima ‘breath’; the adjective via Old French from Latin animalis .


word: ANIMATE
russian_word: оживить
definition: bring to life.|give (a film or character) the appearance of movement using animation techniques.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
example:
Prometheus stole fire from heaven to animate his clay men|much-loved characters have been animated in this Franco-Canadian co-production

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin animat- ‘instilled with life’, from the verb animare, from anima ‘life, soul’.


word: ANIMATED
russian_word: анимационный
example: an animated conversation|an animated version of the classic fairy tale
definition: full of life or excitement; lively.|(of a film or image) made using animation techniques.
antonyms: lethargic|apathetic|lifeless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈanɪmeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈanɪmeɪtɪd
synonyms:
lively|spirited|high-spirited|energetic|full of life|excited|enthusiastic|eager|alive|active|vigorous|vibrant|vital|vivacious|buoyant|exuberant|ebullient|effervescent|bouncy|bubbly|perky|sparkling|sprightly|zestful|fiery|passionate|impassioned|heated|dynamic|forceful|fervent|ardent|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|bright and breezy|sparky|chirpy|go-go|chipper|peppy|zippy|zappy|full of vim and vigour|peart|turnt


word: ANIMATIC
russian_word: аниматик
origin: 1970s: from animat(ed ) + -ic, or a blend of animated and schematic.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanɪˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanɪˈmatɪk
definition:
a preliminary version of a film, produced by shooting successive sections of a storyboard and adding a soundtrack.


word: ANIMATION
russian_word: анимация
example: they started talking with animation|a combination of live action with 3-D animation
antonyms: lethargy|sluggishness|inertia
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: anɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the state of being full of life or vigour; liveliness.|the technique of photographing successive drawings or positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the film is shown as a sequence.

synonyms:
liveliness|spirit|high spirits|spiritedness|high-spiritedness|energy|enthusiasm|eagerness|excitement|vigour|vivacity|vivaciousness|vitality|vibrancy|exuberance|ebullience|buoyancy|bounciness|bounce|perkiness|sprightliness|verve|zest|sparkle|dash|elan|brio|fire|fieriness|passion|dynamism|forcefulness|intensity|ardour|fervour|chirpiness|pep|vim|zing|go|get-up-and-go


word: ANIMATRONICS
russian_word: аниматроники
example: ask them if they can find out who's doing the animatronics
origin: 1970s: blend of animated and electronics.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanɪməˈtrɒnɪks
phonetics_text: ˌanɪməˈtrɒnɪks
definition:
the technique of making and operating lifelike robots, typically for use in film or other entertainment.


word: ANIMISM
russian_word: анимизм
example: a village steeped in ancient animism and rituals
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin anima ‘life, soul’ + -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanɪmɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈanɪmɪz(ə)m
definition:
the attribution of a living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.|the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe.


word: ANIMOSITY
russian_word: враждебность
example: he no longer felt any animosity towards her
definition: strong hostility.
antonyms: goodwill|friendship
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanɪˈmɒsɪti
phonetics_text: ˌanɪˈmɒsɪti
synonyms:
antipathy|hostility|friction|antagonism|enmity|animus|opposition|aversion|acrimony|bitterness|rancour|resentment|dislike|ill feeling|bad feeling|ill will|bad blood|hatred|hate|loathing|detestation|abhorrence|odium|malice|spite|spitefulness|venom|malevolence|malignity|grudges|grievances|disrelish

origin:
late Middle English (originally in the sense ‘spirit, courage’): from Old French animosite or late Latin animositas, from animosus ‘spirited’, from Latin animus ‘spirit, mind’. The current sense dates from the early 17th century.


word: ANISE
russian_word: анис
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin anisum, from Greek anison ‘anise, dill’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanɪs
phonetics_text: ˈanɪs
definition:
a Mediterranean plant of the parsley family, cultivated for its aromatic seeds which are used in cooking and herbal medicine.|an Asian or American tree or shrub that bears fruit with an odour similar to that of aniseed.


word: ANISOTROPIC
russian_word: анизотропный
origin: late 19th century: from Greek anisos ‘unequal’ + tropos ‘turn’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌanʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk
definition:
(of an object or substance) having a physical property which has a different value when measured in different directions. An example is wood, which is stronger along the grain than across it.


word: ANKH
russian_word: анх
origin: late 19th century: from Egyptian, literally ‘life, soul’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aŋk
phonetics_text: aŋk
definition:
an object or design resembling a cross but having a loop instead of the top arm, used in ancient Egypt as a symbol of life.


word: ANKYLOSAUR
russian_word: анкилозавра
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaŋkɪləsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈaŋkɪləsɔː
definition:
a heavily built quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous period, armoured with bony plates.

origin:
early 20th century: from modern Latin Ankylosaurus, from Greek ankulos (see ankylosis) + sauros ‘lizard’.


word: ANNATTO
russian_word: аннато
origin: early 17th century: from Carib.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnatəʊ
phonetics_text: əˈnatəʊ
definition:
an orange-red dye obtained from the seed coat of a tropical fruit, used for colouring foods.|the tropical American tree that yields the fruit from which annatto is obtained.


word: ANNEX
russian_word: приложение
antonyms: relinquish
synonyms: take over|take possession of|appropriate|expropriate|arrogate|seize|conquer|occupy|garrison|usurp
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the first ten amendments were annexed to the Constitution in 1791|the left bank of the Rhine was annexed by France in 1797

definition:
add as an extra or subordinate part, especially to a document.|add (territory) to one's own territory by appropriation.

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Old French annexer, from Latin annectere ‘connect’, from ad- ‘to’ + nectere ‘tie, fasten’.


word: ANNIHILATE
russian_word: уничтожать
definition: destroy utterly; obliterate.|convert (a subatomic particle) into radiant energy.
antonyms: create|build|establish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈnʌɪɪleɪt
phonetics_text: əˈnʌɪɪleɪt
example:
a simple bomb of this type could annihilate them all|a fraction of the mass of atomic nuclei is annihilated

synonyms:
destroy|wipe out|obliterate|wipe off the face of the earth|wipe off the map|kill|slaughter|exterminate|eliminate|liquidate|eradicate|extinguish|finish off|erase|root out|extirpate|take out|rub out|snuff out|zap|waste

origin:
late Middle English (originally as an adjective meaning ‘destroyed, annulled’): from late Latin annihilatus ‘reduced to nothing’, from the verb annihilare, from ad- ‘to’ + nihil ‘nothing’. The sense ‘destroy utterly’ dates from the mid 16th century.


word: ANNOTATE
russian_word: комментировать
definition: add notes to (a text or diagram) giving explanation or comment.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈanəteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈanəteɪt
synonyms:
comment on|add notes/footnotes to|gloss|explain|interpret|elucidate|explicate|footnote|margin|marginalize

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin annotat- ‘marked’, from the verb annotare, from ad- ‘to’ + nota ‘a mark’.


word: ANNOTATION
russian_word: аннотация
example: marginal annotations
definition: a note by way of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anəˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: anəˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
note|notation|comment|gloss|footnote|commentary|explanation|interpretation|observation|elucidation|explication|exegesis

origin:
late Middle English: from French, or from Latin annotatio(n- ), from the verb annotare (see annotate).


word: ANNOUNCE
russian_word: объявлять
example: the President's office announced that the siege would be lifted
definition: make a formal public statement about a fact, occurrence, or intention.
antonyms: conceal|suppress
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈnaʊns
phonetics_text: əˈnaʊns
synonyms:
make public|make known|report|issue a statement about|declare|state|set forth|give out|put out|post|notify|give notice of|publicize|broadcast|publish|advertise|circulate|proclaim|promulgate|trumpet|noise abroad|disclose|reveal|divulge|intimate|blazon abroad|preconize

origin:
late 15th century: from French annoncer, from Latin annuntiare, from ad- ‘to’ + nuntiare ‘declare, announce’ (from nuntius ‘messenger’).


word: ANNOUNCEMENT
russian_word: объявление
example: the minister was about to make an announcement
definition: a formal public statement about a fact, occurrence, or intention.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnaʊnsm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈnaʊnsm(ə)nt
synonyms:
statement|report|declaration|proclamation|pronouncement|bulletin|communiqué|dispatch|message|information|word|news|advisory|ukase|pronunciamento|ipse dixit|rescript|asseveration


word: ANNOUNCER
russian_word: диктор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnaʊnsə
phonetics_text: əˈnaʊnsə
definition:
a person who announces something, in particular someone who introduces or gives information about programmes on radio or television.

synonyms:
newscaster|broadcaster|reporter|commentator|anchorman|anchorwoman|anchor|master of ceremonies|MC|host|presenter|newsreader|compère|talking head|emcee


word: ANNOY
russian_word: раздражать
example: the decision really annoyed him|a gallant Saxon, who annoyed this Coast
definition: make (someone) a little angry; irritate.|harm or attack repeatedly.
antonyms: please|gratify
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈnɔɪ
phonetics_text: əˈnɔɪ
synonyms:
irritate|vex|make angry|make cross|anger|exasperate|irk|gall|pique|put out|displease|get/put someone's back up|antagonize|get on someone's nerves|rub up the wrong way|ruffle|ruffle someone's feathers|make someone's hackles rise|raise someone's hackles|enrage|infuriate|madden|make someone's blood boil|drive to distraction|goad|provoke|aggravate|peeve|hassle|miff|rile|nettle|needle|get|get to|bug|hack off|get under someone's skin|get in someone's hair|get someone's goat|rattle someone's cage|drive mad/crazy|drive round the bend/twist|drive up the wall|make someone see red|wind up|nark|get across|get on someone's wick|get up someone's nose|give someone the hump|tee off|tick off|burn up|rankle|ride|gravel|bum out|rark|give someone the pip|get someone's dander up|exacerbate|hump|rasp|irritated|cross|angry|vexed|exasperated|irked|piqued|displeased|fed up|disgruntled|in a bad mood|in a temper|testy|in high dudgeon|huffy|in a huff|resentful|aggrieved|furious|irate|infuriated|incensed|enraged|wrathful|choleric|aggravated|peeved|nettled|miffed|miffy|mad|riled|hacked off|peed off|hot under the collar|foaming at the mouth|browned off|cheesed off|brassed off|not best pleased|narked|ratty|shirty|eggy|teed off|ticked off|sore|bent out of shape|snaky|crook|ireful|snuffy|wrath|piss off|get on someone's tits|pissed off|pissed

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘be hateful to’): from Old French anoier (verb), anoi (noun), based on Latin in odio in the phrase mihi in odio est ‘it is hateful to me’.


word: ANNOYANCE
russian_word: раздражение
example: there was annoyance at the interruption
definition: the feeling or state of being annoyed; irritation.
antonyms: pleasure
origin: late Middle English: from Old French anoiance, from anoier (see annoy).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnɔɪəns
phonetics_text: əˈnɔɪəns
synonyms:
irritation|exasperation|vexation|indignation|anger|crossness|displeasure|chagrin|pique|aggravation|ire


word: ANNOYING
russian_word: раздражающий
example: annoying habits
definition: causing irritation or annoyance.
antonyms: pleasant|agreeable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈnɔɪɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈnɔɪɪŋ
synonyms:
irritating|infuriating|exasperating|maddening|trying|tiresome|troublesome|bothersome|irksome|vexing|vexatious|galling|provoking|displeasing|awkward|difficult|inconvenient|aggravating|pesky|cussed|confounded|infernal|pestiferous|plaguy|pestilent|punchable


word: ANNUAL RING
russian_word: годичный слой
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a ring in the cross section of the stem or root of a temperate woody plant, produced by one year's growth.


word: ANNUL
russian_word: аннулировать
definition: declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result).
antonyms: restore|enact
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈnʌl
phonetics_text: əˈnʌl
synonyms:
declare invalid|declare null and void|nullify|invalidate|void|repeal|reverse|rescind|revoke|set aside|cancel|abolish|undo|abrogate|countermand|dissolve|withdraw|cast aside|quash|vacate|disannul|negate|recall

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French anuller, from late Latin annullare, from ad- ‘to’ + nullum ‘nothing’.


word: ANNULAR
russian_word: кольцевой
definition: ring-shaped.
synonyms: circular|ring-shaped|disc-shaped|round|discoid
origin: late 16th century: from French annulaire or Latin annularis, from anulus, annulus ‘a ring’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈanjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈanjʊlə
example:
complex craters have uplifted central structures surrounded by an annular trough and a fractured rim


word: ANNULET
russian_word: колечко
definition: a small fillet or band encircling a column.|a charge in the form of a small ring.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanjʊlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈanjʊlɪt
origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘small ring’): from Old French anelet, from Latin anulus, annulus ‘ring’ + -et1. The spelling change in the 16th century was due to association with the Latin.


word: ANNULMENT
russian_word: аннулирование
example: the applicant sought the annulment of the decision
definition: the act of annulling something.
antonyms: restoration|enactment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnʌlm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈnʌlm(ə)nt
synonyms:
invalidation|nullification|voiding|repeal|cancellation|rescinding|reversal|revocation|setting aside|abolition|abrogation|rescindment|withdrawal|countermanding|quashing|rescission|disannulment|negation|recall


word: ANNUNCIATOR
russian_word: сигнализатор
example: the annunciator panel and warning lights
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnʌnsɪeɪtə
phonetics_text: əˈnʌnsɪeɪtə
definition:
a bell, light, or other device that provides information on the state or condition of something by indicating which of several electric circuits has been activated.


word: ANODIZED
russian_word: анодированный
example: the handset has an anodized aluminium frame
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈanədʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ˈanədʌɪzd
definition:
(of a metal, especially aluminium) coated with a protective oxide layer by an electrolytic process in which the metal forms the anode.


word: ANODYNE
russian_word: болеутоляющее средство
example: anodyne music
definition: not likely to cause offence or disagreement and somewhat dull.
origin: mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek anōdunos ‘painless’, from an- ‘without’ + odunē ‘pain’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈanədʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈanədʌɪn
synonyms:
bland|inoffensive|innocuous|neutral|unobjectionable|unexceptionable|unremarkable|commonplace|dull|tedious|run-of-the-mill


word: ANOINT
russian_word: помазать
example: high priests were anointed with oil
definition: smear or rub with oil, typically as part of a religious ceremony.
synonyms: smear with oil|rub with oil|apply oil to|spread oil over|anele
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈnɔɪnt
phonetics_text: əˈnɔɪnt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French enoint ‘anointed’, past participle of enoindre, from Latin inungere, from in- ‘upon’ + ungere ‘anoint, smear with oil’.


word: ANOMALOUS
russian_word: аномальный
example: an anomalous situation
definition: deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected.
antonyms: normal|typical|regular
origin: mid 17th century: via late Latin from Greek anōmalos (from an- ‘not’ + homalos ‘even’) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈnɒm(ə)ləs
phonetics_text: əˈnɒm(ə)ləs
synonyms:
abnormal|atypical|non-typical|irregular|aberrant|exceptional|freak|freakish|odd|bizarre|peculiar|unusual|out of the ordinary|inconsistent|incongruous|deviant|deviating|divergent|eccentric|rare|singular|backasswards


word: ANOMALY
russian_word: аномалия
example: there are a number of anomalies in the present system
origin: late 16th century: via Latin from Greek anōmalia, from anōmalos (see anomalous).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnɒm(ə)li
phonetics_text: əˈnɒm(ə)li
definition:
something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.|the angular distance of a planet or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee.

synonyms:
oddity|peculiarity|abnormality|irregularity|inconsistency|incongruity|deviation|aberration|quirk|freak|exception|departure|divergence|variation|outlier|edge case|rarity|eccentricity


word: ANON
russian_word: скоро
example: I'll see you anon
definition: soon; shortly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈnɒn
phonetics_text: əˈnɒn
synonyms:
soon|shortly|in a little while|in a short time|presently|before long|in the near future|just now|directly|by and by|ere long

origin:
Old English on ān  ‘into one’, on āne  ‘in one’. The original sense was ‘in or into one state, course, etc.’, which developed into the temporal sense ‘at once’.


word: ANONYMIZE
russian_word: анонимных
example: investigators are generally permitted to anonymize tissue samples
origin: 1970s: from anonymous + -ize.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈnɒnɪmʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈnɒnɪmʌɪz
definition:
remove identifying particulars or details from (something, especially medical test results), typically for statistical or other purposes.


word: ANONYMOUS
russian_word: анонимный
example: the donor's wish to remain anonymous
definition: (of a person) not identified by name; of unknown name.
antonyms: known|identified|signed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈnɒnɪməs
phonetics_text: əˈnɒnɪməs
synonyms:
unnamed|of unknown name|nameless|incognito|unidentified|unknown|unspecified|undesignated|unacknowledged|mystery|unsung|innominate|unsigned|unattributed|unattested|uncredited

origin:
late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek anōnumos ‘nameless’ (from an- ‘without’ + onoma ‘name’) + -ous.


word: ANOPHELES
russian_word: анофелес
origin: late 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek anōphelēs ‘unprofitable, useless’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnɒfɪliːz
phonetics_text: əˈnɒfɪliːz
definition:
a mosquito of a genus which is particularly common in warmer countries and includes the mosquitoes that transmit the malarial parasite to humans.


word: ANORECTAL
russian_word: аноректальный
definition: relating to the anus and rectum.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌeɪnəʊˈrɛkt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌeɪnəʊˈrɛkt(ə)l
origin:
late 19th century: from French ano-rectal, from Latin ano- (combining form of anus) + rectal (see rectal).


word: ANORTHITE
russian_word: анортита
origin: mid 19th century: from an-1 + Greek orthos ‘straight’ + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnɔːθʌɪt
phonetics_text: əˈnɔːθʌɪt
definition:
a calcium-rich mineral of the feldspar group, typically white, occurring in many basic igneous rocks.


word: ANOSMIA
russian_word: аносмия
origin: early 19th century: from an-2 + Greek osmē ‘smell’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈnɒzmɪə
phonetics_text: əˈnɒzmɪə
definition:
the loss of the sense of smell, either total or partial. It may be caused by head injury, infection, or blockage of the nose.


word: ANOTHER
russian_word: другой
example: have another drink|come back another day
antonyms: the same
origin: Middle English: as an other until the 16th century.
part_of_speech: determiner|pronoun
phonetic: əˈnʌðə
phonetics_text: əˈnʌðə
definition:
used to refer to an additional person or thing of the same type as one already mentioned or known about; one more; a further.|used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or known about.

synonyms:
one more|a further|an additional|a second|an extra|a spare|a different|some other|not the same|an alternative


word: ANSWER
russian_word: ответ
antonyms: question|query
synonyms: reply|response|rejoinder|return|reaction|acknowledgement|retort|riposte|comeback|clapback
origin: Old English andswaru (noun), andswarian (verb), of Germanic origin; from a base shared by swear.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɑːnsə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːnsə
example:
he knocked and entered without waiting for an answer|the answer to poverty and unemployment is a properly funded range of services|the press called her Britain's answer to Marilyn Monroe

definition:
a thing that is said, written, or done as a reaction to a question, statement, or situation.|a solution to a problem or dilemma.|a person or thing regarded as the equivalent to a better-known one from another place.


word: ANSWERABLE
russian_word: ответственный
synonyms: accountable|responsible|liable|subject
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːns(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɑːns(ə)rəb(ə)l
example:
the Attorney General is answerable only to Parliament for his decisions|straightforward and answerable questions

definition:
required to explain or justify one's actions to; responsible or having to report to.|(of a question) able to be answered.


word: ANSWER BACK
russian_word: грубить
example: you couldn't argue with a parent, you couldn't answer back
definition:
respond cheekily or disrespectfully to someone, especially when being criticized or told to do something.

synonyms:
be impertinent to|talk back to|respond cheekily to|be cheeky to|contradict|argue with|disagree with|retaliate|retort|counter|cheek|sass|be sassy to


word: ANTAGONISM
russian_word: антагонизм
example: the antagonism between them
definition: active hostility or opposition.
antonyms: rapport|friendship
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈtaɡ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: anˈtaɡ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
hostility|friction|enmity|antipathy|animus|opposition|dissension|rivalry|feud|conflict|discord|contention|acrimony|bitterness|rancour|resentment|aversion|dislike|ill feeling|bad feeling|ill will|bad blood|hatred|hate|loathing|detestation|abhorrence|odium|malice|spite|spitefulness|venom|malevolence|malignity|grudges|grievances|needle|disrelish

origin:
early 19th century: from French antagonisme, from Greek antagōnizesthai ‘struggle against’ (see antagonist).


word: ANTAGONIST
russian_word: антагонист
example: he turned to confront his antagonist|LSD is a serotonin antagonist
antonyms: ally|friend|supporter
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈtaɡ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: anˈtaɡ(ə)nɪst
definition:
a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary.|a substance which interferes with or inhibits the physiological action of another.|a muscle whose action counteracts that of another specified muscle.

synonyms:
adversary|opponent|enemy|foe|nemesis|rival|competitor|contender|opposition|competition|the other side|corrival

origin:
late 16th century: from French antagoniste or late Latin antagonista, from Greek antagōnistēs, from antagōnizesthai ‘struggle against’ (see antagonize).


word: ANTAGONISTIC
russian_word: антагонистический
example: an antagonistic group of bystanders
antonyms: pro|sympathetic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anˌtaɡ(ə)ˈnɪstɪk
phonetics_text: anˌtaɡ(ə)ˈnɪstɪk
definition:
showing or feeling active opposition or hostility towards someone or something.|relating to an antagonist or its action.

synonyms:
hostile|opposed|inimical|antipathetic|unsympathetic|ill-disposed|resistant|averse|against|(dead) set against|at odds with|at variance with|in disagreement with|dissenting from|anti|agin|aggressive|belligerent|bellicose|pugnacious|combative|contentious|truculent|confrontational|quarrelsome|argumentative|oppugnant|badass


word: ANTAGONIZE
russian_word: противодействовать
antonyms: pacify|placate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: anˈtaɡ(ə)nʌɪz
phonetics_text: anˈtaɡ(ə)nʌɪz
example:
the aim was to antagonize visiting supporters|two other drugs antagonized the antidepressant-like effect

definition:
cause (someone) to become hostile.|(of a substance) act as an antagonist of (a substance or its action).

synonyms:
arouse hostility in|alienate|estrange|disaffect|anger|annoy|provoke|vex|irritate|offend|aggravate|rile|needle|get someone's back up|make someone's hackles rise|rub up the wrong way|ruffle someone's feathers|rattle someone's cage|get in someone's hair|get someone's dander up|get under someone's skin|nark|get on someone's wick|get up someone's nose|rark

origin:
mid 18th century (in the sense ‘struggle against’): from Greek antagōnizesthai, from ant- ‘against’ + agōnizesthai ‘struggle’ (from agōn ‘contest’).


word: ANTBIRD
russian_word: муравьеловка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantbəːd
phonetics_text: ˈantbəːd
definition:
an insectivorous, long-legged, short-tailed bird which typically has dark grey plumage in the male, found mainly in the tropical forests of South America.


word: ANTECEDENT
russian_word: предшественник
antonyms: descendant
synonyms: precursor|forerunner|predecessor
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌantɪˈsiːd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌantɪˈsiːd(ə)nt
example:
some antecedents to the African novel might exist in Africa's oral traditions|her early life and antecedents have been traced

definition:
a thing that existed before or logically precedes another.|a person's ancestors or family and social background.|an earlier word, phrase, or clause to which another word (especially a following relative pronoun) refers back.|the statement contained in the ‘if’ clause of a conditional proposition.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French or from Latin antecedent- ‘going before’, from antecedere, from ante ‘before’ + cedere ‘go’.


word: ANTHELION
russian_word: противозавиток
definition: a luminous halo round a shadow projected by the sun on to a cloud or fog bank.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: antˈhiːlɪən
phonetics_text: antˈhiːlɪən|anˈθiːlɪən
origin:
late 17th century: from Greek anthēlion, neuter of anthēlios ‘opposite to the sun’, from anth- (variant of anti- ‘against’) + hēlios ‘sun’.


word: ANTHELMINTIC
russian_word: глистогонное средство
definition: (chiefly of medicines) used to destroy parasitic worms.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌanθ(ə)lˈmɪntɪk
phonetics_text: ˌanθ(ə)lˈmɪntɪk
origin:
late 17th century (as an adjective): from anth- (variant of anti ‘against’) + Greek helmins, helminth- ‘worm’ + -ic.


word: ANTHEM
russian_word: гимн
example: the song became the anthem for hippy activists
synonyms: hymn|song|song of praise|chorale|psalm|paean|plainsong|chant|canticle
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanθəm
phonetics_text: ˈanθəm
definition:
a rousing or uplifting song identified with a particular group, body, or cause.|a musical setting of a religious text to be sung by a choir during a church service, especially in Anglican or Protestant Churches.

origin:
Old English antefn, antifne (denoting a composition sung antiphonally), from late Latin antiphona (see antiphon). The spelling with th, which began in the 16th century, was on the pattern of similar words such as Antony, Anthony .


word: ANTHER
russian_word: пыльник
definition: the part of a stamen that contains the pollen.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanθə
phonetics_text: ˈanθə
origin:
early 18th century: from French anthère or modern Latin anthera, from Greek anthēra ‘flowery’, from anthos ‘flower’.


word: ANTHERIDIUM
russian_word: антеридий
definition: the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other non-flowering plants.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanθəˈrɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌanθəˈrɪdɪəm
origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, from anthera (see anther) + -idium (from the Greek diminutive suffix -idion ).


word: ANTHOLOGY
russian_word: антология
example: an anthology of European poetry
definition: a published collection of poems or other pieces of writing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈθɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: anˈθɒlədʒi
origin:
mid 17th century: via French or medieval Latin from Greek anthologia, from anthos ‘flower’ + -logia ‘collection’ (from legein ‘gather’). In Greek, the word originally denoted a collection of the ‘flowers’ of verse, i.e. small choice poems or epigrams, by various authors.


word: ANTHRACENE
russian_word: антрацен
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek anthrax, anthrak- ‘coal’ + -ene.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanθrəsiːn
phonetics_text: ˈanθrəsiːn
definition:
a colourless crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by the distillation of crude oils and used in chemical manufacture.


word: ANTHRAQUINONE
russian_word: антрахинона
origin: late 19th century: from anthra(cene) + quinone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanθrəˈkwɪnəʊn
phonetics_text: ˌanθrəˈkwɪnəʊn
definition:
a yellow crystalline compound obtained by oxidation of anthracene. It is the basis of many natural and synthetic dyes.


word: ANTHRAX
russian_word: сибирская язва
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈanθraks
phonetics_text: ˈanθraks
definition:
a serious bacterial disease of sheep and cattle, causing acute and often fatal septicaemia, and also transmissible to humans.

origin:
late Middle English: Latin, ‘carbuncle’ (the earliest sense in English), from Greek anthrax, anthrak- ‘coal, carbuncle’, with reference to the skin ulceration in humans.


word: ANTHROPIC
russian_word: антропный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anˈθrɒpɪk
phonetics_text: anˈθrɒpɪk
example:
anthropic reasoning is only interesting in a scientific sense if it can help us understand how the universe came to be the way it is|anthropic climate change

definition:
(in philosophy and cosmology) involving or concerning the existence of human life, especially as a constraint on theories of the universe.|(typically of environmental degradation) caused by human beings; anthropogenic.

origin:
early 19th century (in the sense ‘relating to human beings’): from Greek anthrōpikos, from anthrōpos ‘human being’: the second sense may also be interpreted as a shortening of anthropogenic.


word: ANTHROPOCENTRIC
russian_word: антропоцентрический
example: when we assess animal intelligence we tend to take a very anthropocentric view
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: anθrəpə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk
phonetics_text: anθrəpə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk
definition:
regarding humankind as the central or most important element of existence, especially as opposed to God or animals.


word: ANTHROPOLOGIST
russian_word: антрополог
definition: an expert in or student of anthropology.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst
phonetics_text: ˌanθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst
example:
some anthropologists think that members of hunting and gathering societies tend to have more leisure


word: ANTHROPOSOPHY
russian_word: антропософия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌanθrəˈpɒsəfi
phonetics_text: ˌanθrəˈpɒsəfi
definition:
a formal educational, therapeutic, and creative system established by Rudolf Steiner, seeking to use mainly natural means to optimize physical and mental health and well-being.

origin:
late 16th century (in the rare sense ‘knowledge of the nature of human beings’): from anthropo- + Greek sophia ‘wisdom’; the modern use dates from the early 20th century.


word: ANTHURIUM
russian_word: антуриум
origin: modern Latin, from Greek anthos ‘flower’ + oura ‘tail’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈθ(j)ʊərɪəm
phonetics_text: anˈθ(j)ʊərɪəm
definition:
a tropical American plant which is widely grown for its ornamental foliage or brightly coloured flowering spathes.


word: ANTIBIOSIS
russian_word: антибиоз
origin: late 19th century: from anti- + a shortened form of symbiosis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌantɪbʌɪˈəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌantɪbʌɪˈəʊsɪs
definition:
an antagonistic association between two organisms (especially microorganisms), in which one is adversely affected.


word: ANTICATHODE
russian_word: антикатод
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: antɪˈkaθəʊd
phonetics_text: antɪˈkaθəʊd
definition:
the target (or anode) of an X-ray tube which is struck by electrons from the cathode and from which X-rays are emitted.


word: ANTICHOLINERGIC
russian_word: антихолинергическое средство
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌantɪˌkəʊlɪˈnəːdʒɪk
phonetics_text: ˌantɪˌkəʊlɪˈnəːdʒɪk
definition:
(chiefly of a drug) inhibiting the physiological action of acetylcholine, especially as a neurotransmitter.


word: ANTICIPATE
russian_word: предвидеть
definition: regard as probable; expect or predict.|act as a forerunner or precursor of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: anˈtɪsɪpeɪt
phonetics_text: anˈtɪsɪpeɪt
example:
she anticipated scorn on her return to the theatre|he anticipated Bates's theories on mimicry and protective coloration

synonyms:
expect|foresee|predict|think likely|forecast|prophesy|foretell|contemplate the possibility of|allow for|be prepared for|count on|bank on|look for|bargain on|reckon on|figure on|apprehend

origin:
mid 16th century (in the senses ‘to take something into consideration’, ‘mention something before the proper time’): from Latin anticipat- ‘acted in advance’, from anticipare, based on ante- ‘before’ + capere ‘take’.


word: ANTICIPATION
russian_word: ожидание
example: her eyes sparkled with anticipation
definition: the action of anticipating something; expectation or prediction.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin anticipatio(n- ), from the verb anticipare (see anticipate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: antɪsɪˈpeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: antɪsɪˈpeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
expectation|prediction|forecast|prolepsis|expectancy|hope|hopefulness|excitement|suspense|in the expectation of|in preparation for|in case of|ready for|against


word: ANTICODON
russian_word: антикодон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌantɪˈkəʊdɒn
phonetics_text: ˌantɪˈkəʊdɒn
definition:
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.


word: ANTICS
russian_word: гримасы
example: the antics of our political parties
definition: foolish, outrageous, or amusing behaviour.
origin: early 16th century: from antic.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪks
phonetics_text: ˈantɪks
synonyms:
capers|amusing behaviour|pranks|larks|escapades|high jinks|skylarking|stunts|tricks|horseplay|romps|frolics|silliness|foolish behaviour|tomfoolery|foolery|clowning|buffoonery|monkey tricks|didoes|harlequinades


word: ANTICYCLONE
russian_word: антициклон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: antɪˈsʌɪkləʊn
phonetics_text: antɪˈsʌɪkləʊn
definition:
a weather system with high barometric pressure at its centre, around which air slowly circulates in a clockwise (northern hemisphere) or anticlockwise (southern hemisphere) direction. Anticyclones are associated with calm, fine weather.


word: ANTIDOTE
russian_word: противоядие
example: there is no known antidote to the poison of the pufferfish
definition: a medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪdəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈantɪdəʊt
synonyms:
antitoxin|antiserum|cure|remedy|neutralizer|neutralizing agent|counteragent|mithridate|antivenin|antivenene|theriac

origin:
late Middle English: via Latin, from Greek antidoton, neuter of antidotos ‘given against’, from anti- ‘against’ + didonai ‘give’.


word: ANTIFREEZE
russian_word: антифриз
example: most breakdowns were due to people forgetting to put antifreeze in their radiators
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪfriːz
phonetics_text: ˈantɪfriːz
definition:
a liquid, typically one based on ethylene glycol, that can be added to water to lower the freezing point, chiefly used in the radiator of a motor vehicle.


word: ANTIHISTAMINE
russian_word: антигистаминный препарат
example: an antihistamine injection
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: antɪˈhɪstəmɪn
phonetics_text: antɪˈhɪstəmɪn|antɪˈhɪstəmiːn
definition:
a drug or other compound that inhibits the physiological effects of histamine, used especially in the treatment of allergies.


word: ANTILOGY
russian_word: противоречие
definition: a contradiction in terms or ideas.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈtɪlədʒi
phonetics_text: anˈtɪlədʒi
origin:
early 17th century: from French antilogie, from Greek antilogia, from anti- ‘against’ + -logia (see -logy).


word: ANTIMATTER
russian_word: антивещество
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪˌmatə
phonetics_text: ˈantɪˌmatə
definition:
matter consisting of elementary particles which are the antiparticles of those making up normal matter.


word: ANTIMETABOLITE
russian_word: антиметаболитом
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌantɪmɪˈtabəlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌantɪmɪˈtabəlʌɪt
definition:
a substance that interferes with the normal metabolic processes within cells, typically by combining with enzymes.


word: ANTIMONY
russian_word: сурьма
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 51, a brittle silvery-white metalloid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪməni
phonetics_text: ˈantɪməni
origin:
late Middle English (denoting stibnite, the most common ore of the metal): from medieval Latin antimonium, of unknown origin. The current sense dates from the early 19th century.


word: ANTING
russian_word: Антинг
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈantɪŋ
definition:
behaviour seen in some birds, in which the bird either picks up ants and rubs them on the feathers or stands with the wings spread and allows the ants to crawl over it. It is probable that the ants' secretions help to keep the feathers in good condition.


word: ANTIOXIDANT
russian_word: антиоксидант
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: antɪˈɒksɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: antɪˈɒksɪd(ə)nt
definition:
a substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products.


word: ANTIPARTICLE
russian_word: античастица
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪˌpɑːtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈantɪˌpɑːtɪk(ə)l
definition:
a subatomic particle having the same mass as a given particle but opposite electric or magnetic properties. Every kind of subatomic particle has a corresponding antiparticle, e.g. the positron has the same mass as the electron but an equal and opposite charge.


word: ANTIPATHETIC
russian_word: антипатичный
example: it is human nature to be antipathetic to change
definition: showing or feeling a strong aversion.
antonyms: pro
origin: mid 19th century: from antipathy, on the pattern of pathetic .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌantɪpəˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌantɪpəˈθɛtɪk
synonyms:
hostile|opposed|antagonistic|averse|ill-disposed|unsympathetic|against|(dead) set against|anti|agin|down on


word: ANTIPATHY
russian_word: антипатия
example: his fundamental antipathy to capitalism
definition: a deep-seated feeling of aversion.
antonyms: liking|affinity|rapport
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈtɪpəθi
phonetics_text: anˈtɪpəθi
synonyms:
hostility|antagonism|animosity|aversion|animus|opposition|enmity|dislike|distaste|ill will|ill feeling|hatred|hate|abhorrence|loathing|repugnance|odium|grudge|allergy|disrelish

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘opposition of feeling, nature, or disposition’): from French antipathie, or via Latin from Greek antipatheia, from antipathēs ‘opposed in feeling’, from anti ‘against’ + pathos ‘feeling’.


word: ANTIPHONAL
russian_word: осьмогласник
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: anˈtɪfən(ə)l
phonetics_text: anˈtɪfən(ə)l
definition:
(of music, especially church music, or a section of a church liturgy) sung, recited, or played alternately by two groups.


word: ANTIPOPE
russian_word: антипапа
definition: a person established as pope in opposition to one held by others to be canonically chosen.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪpəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈantɪpəʊp
origin:
late Middle English antipape, via French from medieval Latin antipapa (on the pattern of Antichrist ). The change in the ending in the 17th century was due to association with pope1.


word: ANTIQUATED
russian_word: устарелый
example: this antiquated central heating system
definition: old-fashioned or outdated.
antonyms: current|modern|up to date
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈantɪkweɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈantɪkweɪtɪd
synonyms:
outdated|out of date|outmoded|behind the times|old-fashioned|archaic|anachronistic|superannuated|outworn|ancient|antediluvian|primitive|medieval|quaint|old-fangled|obsolescent|obsolete|prehistoric|passé|démodé|vieux jeu|out of the ark|fossilized|as old as the hills|creaky|clunky|mouldy|past its/one's sell-by date|antwacky|horse and buggy|mossy

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘old, of long standing’): from ecclesiastical Latin antiquare ‘make old’, from antiquus (see antique).


word: ANTIQUE
russian_word: античный
example: Pauline loves collecting antiques
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: anˈtiːk
phonetics_text: anˈtiːk
definition:
a collectable object such as a piece of furniture or work of art that has a high value because of its age and quality.

synonyms:
collector's item|period piece|museum piece|antiquity|object of virtu|heirloom|treasure|relic|curio|objet d'art|bygone

origin:
late 15th century (as an adjective): from Latin antiquus, anticus ‘former, ancient’, from ante ‘before’.


word: ANTIQUITY
russian_word: древность
example: the great civilizations of antiquity|a church of great antiquity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈtɪkwɪti
phonetics_text: anˈtɪkwɪti
definition:
the ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.|great age.

synonyms:
ancient times|the ancient past|classical times|former times|the distant past|times gone by|the olden days|days of yore|yesteryear|the eld

origin:
Middle English: from Old French antiquite, from Latin antiquitas, from antiquus ‘old, former’ (see antique).


word: ANTIRRHINUM
russian_word: львиный зев
definition: a plant of a genus that includes the snapdragon.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌantɪˈrʌɪnəm
phonetics_text: ˌantɪˈrʌɪnəm
origin:
from Latin, from Greek antirrhinon, from anti- ‘counterfeiting’ + rhis, rhin- ‘nose’, from the resemblance of the flower to an animal's snout.


word: ANTISENSE
russian_word: антисмысловое
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈantɪsɛns
phonetics_text: ˈantɪsɛns
definition:
having a sequence of nucleotides complementary to (and hence capable of binding to) a coding (or sense) sequence, which may be either that of the strand of a DNA double helix which undergoes transcription, or that of a messenger RNA molecule.


word: ANTISEPTIC
russian_word: антисептик
antonyms: dirty|contaminated
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: antɪˈsɛptɪk
phonetics_text: antɪˈsɛptɪk
example:
garlic has powerful antiseptic properties|their squeaky-clean home epitomizes this antiseptic respectability

definition:
preventing the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.|scrupulously clean or pure, especially so as to be bland or characterless.

synonyms:
disinfectant|germicidal|bactericidal|medicated|sterile|aseptic|germ-free|uncontaminated|unpolluted|disinfected|sanitized


word: ANTISOCIAL
russian_word: антиобщественный
example: children's antisocial behaviour
antonyms: sociable|gregarious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: antɪˈsəʊʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: antɪˈsəʊʃ(ə)l
definition:
contrary to the laws and customs of society, in a way that causes annoyance and disapproval in others.|not sociable or wanting the company of others.

synonyms:
objectionable|offensive|beyond the pale|unacceptable|unsocial|asocial|distasteful|disruptive|disorderly|lawless|rebellious|sociopathic


word: ANTISYMMETRIC
russian_word: антисимметрична
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌantɪsɪˈmɛtrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌantɪsɪˈmɛtrɪk
definition:
unaltered in magnitude but changed in sign by exchange of two variables or by a particular symmetry operation.


word: ANTITHESIS
russian_word: антитеза
example: love is the antithesis of selfishness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: anˈtɪθəsɪs
phonetics_text: anˈtɪθəsɪs
definition:
a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.|(in Hegelian philosophy) the negation of the thesis as the second stage in the process of dialectical reasoning.

synonyms:
(direct) opposite|converse|reverse|reversal|inverse|obverse|the other extreme|the other side of the coin|the flip side

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting the substitution of one grammatical case for another): from late Latin, from Greek antitithenai ‘set against’, from anti ‘against’ + tithenai ‘to place’. The earliest current sense, denoting a rhetorical or literary device, dates from the early 16th century.


word: ANTITHETICAL
russian_word: антитетический
example: people whose religious beliefs are antithetical to mine
antonyms: same|identical|like
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌantɪˈθɛtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌantɪˈθɛtɪk(ə)l
definition:
directly opposed or contrasted; mutually incompatible.|connected with, containing, or using the rhetorical device of antithesis.

synonyms:
(directly) opposed to|contrary to|contradictory to|conflicting with|incompatible with|irreconcilable with|inconsistent with|at variance with|at odds with|contrasting with|different from/to|differing from|divergent from|unlike|opposing|poles apart|polar|obverse|oppugnant

origin:
late 16th century (in antithetical (sense 2)): from Greek antithetikos, from antithetos ‘placed in opposition’, from antitithenai ‘set against’.


word: ANTITRUST
russian_word: антимонопольный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: antɪˈtrʌst
phonetics_text: antɪˈtrʌst
definition:
(of legislation, chiefly in the US) preventing or controlling trusts or other monopolies, and so promoting fair competition in business.


word: ANTITYPE
russian_word: антитип
example: the antitype of female virtue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈantɪtʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈantɪtʌɪp
definition:
a person or thing that represents the opposite of someone or something else.|something that is represented by a symbol.

origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin antitypus, from Greek antitupos ‘corresponding as an impression to the die’, from anti ‘against, opposite’ + tupos ‘type, a stamp’.


word: ANTIVIRAL
russian_word: противовирусный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: antɪˈvʌɪr(ə)l
phonetics_text: antɪˈvʌɪr(ə)l
definition:
(chiefly of a drug or treatment) effective against viruses.|(of software) designed to detect, remove, or offer protection against computer viruses.


word: ANTONOMASIA
russian_word: антономазия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌantənəˈmeɪzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌantənəˈmeɪzɪə|anˌtɒnəˈmeɪzɪə
definition:
the substitution of an epithet or title for a proper name (e.g. the Maid of Orleans for Joan of Arc).|the use of a proper name to express a general idea (e.g. a Scrooge for a miser).

origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek, from antonomazein ‘name instead’, from anti- ‘against, instead’ + onoma ‘a name’.


word: ANXIETY
russian_word: тревога
example: he felt a surge of anxiety|the housekeeper's eager anxiety to please
antonyms: calmness|serenity
origin: early 16th century: from French anxiété or Latin anxietas, from anxius (see anxious).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aŋˈzʌɪəti
phonetics_text: aŋˈzʌɪəti
definition:
a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.|strong desire or concern to do something or for something to happen.

synonyms:
worry|concern|apprehension|apprehensiveness|consternation|uneasiness|unease|fearfulness|fear|disquiet|disquietude|perturbation|fretfulness|agitation|angst|nervousness|nerves|edginess|tension|tenseness|stress|misgiving|trepidation|foreboding|suspense|butterflies (in one's stomach)|the willies|the heebie-jeebies|the jitters|the shakes|the jumps|the yips|collywobbles|jitteriness|jim-jams|twitchiness|the (screaming) abdabs|Joe Blakes|worriment


word: ANXIOUS
russian_word: тревожный
example: she was extremely anxious about her exams|the company was anxious to avoid any trouble
antonyms: carefree|unconcerned
origin: early 17th century: from Latin anxius (from angere ‘to choke’) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaŋ(k)ʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈaŋ(k)ʃəs
definition:
feeling or showing worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.|very eager or concerned to do something or for something to happen.

synonyms:
worried|concerned|apprehensive|fearful|uneasy|ill at ease|perturbed|troubled|disquieted|bothered|disturbed|distressed|fretful|fretting|agitated|in a state of agitation|nervous|in a state of nerves|edgy|on edge|tense|overwrought|worked up|keyed up|strung out|jumpy|afraid|worried sick|with one's stomach in knots|on pins and needles|stressed|under stress|in suspense|flurried|uptight|a bundle of nerves|on tenterhooks|like a cat on a hot tin roof|jittery|twitchy|in a state|in a stew|all of a dither|in a flap|in a sweat|in a tizz/tizzy|all of a lather|het up|in a twitter|strung up|windy|having kittens|in a (flat) spin|stressy|like a cat on hot bricks|antsy|spooky|spooked|squirrelly|in a twit|toey|overstrung|unquiet


word: ANY
russian_word: любой
example: I don't have any choice|these constellations are visible at any hour of the night
synonyms: some|a piece of|a part of|a bit of
origin: Old English ǣnig (see one, -y1), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch eenig and German einig .
part_of_speech: determiner|pronoun|adverb
phonetic: ˈɛni
phonetics_text: ˈɛni
definition:
used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or how many.|used to express a lack of restriction in selecting one of a specified class.


word: ANYHOW
russian_word: во всяком случае
example: two suitcases flung anyhow
definition: another term for anyway.|in a careless or haphazard way.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɛnɪhaʊ
phonetics_text: ˈɛnɪhaʊ
synonyms:
anyway|in any case|in any event|at any rate|at all events|no matter what|regardless|however|be that as it may|still and all|anyways


word: AORIST
russian_word: аорист
origin: late 16th century: from Greek aoristos ‘indefinite’, from a- ‘not’ + horizein ‘define, limit’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈeɪərɪst
phonetics_text: ˈeɪərɪst|ˈɛːrɪst
definition:
relating to or denoting a past tense of a verb (especially in Greek), which does not contain any reference to duration or completion of the action.


word: AORTA
russian_word: аорта
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: eɪˈɔːtə
phonetics_text: eɪˈɔːtə
definition:
the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system. In humans it passes over the heart from the left ventricle and runs down in front of the backbone.

origin:
mid 16th century: from Greek aortē (used in the plural by Hippocrates for the branches of the windpipe, and by Aristotle for the great artery), from aeirein ‘raise’.


word: APACE
russian_word: быстро
example: work continues apace
definition: swiftly; quickly.
antonyms: slowly
origin: late Middle English: from Old French a pas ‘at (a considerable) pace’.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈpeɪs
phonetics_text: əˈpeɪs
synonyms:
quickly|fast|swiftly|rapidly|speedily|briskly|without delay|post-haste|expeditiously|at full speed|at full tilt|at warp speed|at a rate of knots


word: APACHE
russian_word: апаш
definition: a violent street ruffian, originally in Paris.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpaʃ
phonetics_text: əˈpaʃ|French apaʃ
origin:
early 20th century: French, from Apache, by association with the reputed ferocity of the North American Indian people.


word: APART
russian_word: кроме
synonyms: away from each other|distant from each other
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin a parte ‘at the side’.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈpɑːt
phonetics_text: əˈpɑːt
example:
two stone gateposts some thirty feet apart|Isabel stepped away from Joanna and stood apart|he leapt out of the car just before it was blown apart

definition:
(of two or more people or things) separated by a specified distance in time or space.|to or on one side; at a distance from the main body.|so as to be shattered; into pieces.


word: APART FROM
russian_word: кроме
definition: except for.|in addition to; as well as.
example:
the whole world seemed to be sleeping, apart from Barbara|quite apart from all the work, he had such financial problems

synonyms:
except for|but for|aside from|with the exception of|excepting|excluding|not including|not counting|disregarding|save|bar|barring|besides|other than|outside of


word: APARTHOTEL
russian_word: Апарт-отель
definition: a type of hotel providing self-catering apartments as well as ordinary hotel facilities.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɑːtəʊtɛl
phonetics_text: əˈpɑːtəʊtɛl
origin:
1960s: from Spanish Apartotel, the name of a company specializing in this type of accommodation, from a blend of apartamento ‘apartment’ and hotel .


word: APARTMENT
russian_word: квартира
example: self-catering holiday apartments
definition: a flat, typically one that is well appointed or used for holidays.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɑːtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈpɑːtm(ə)nt
synonyms:
penthouse|flat|home unit|crib|suite (of rooms)|set of rooms|rooms|chambers|living quarters|accommodation

origin:
mid 17th century (denoting a private suite of rooms): from French appartement, from Italian appartamento, from appartare ‘to separate’, from a parte ‘apart’.


word: APARTNESS
russian_word: обособленность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɑːtnəs
phonetics_text: əˈpɑːtnəs
example:
their geographical apartness accentuated the otherness of their sound|people for whom apartness and solitude are sources of spiritual strength

definition:
the state of two or more people or things being separated in time or space.|the state of being isolated or at a distance from the main body.


word: APATHETIC
russian_word: апатичный
example: an apathetic electorate
definition: showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
antonyms: enthusiastic|eager|passionate
origin: mid 18th century: from apathy, on the pattern of pathetic .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: apəˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: apəˈθɛtɪk
synonyms:
uninterested|indifferent|unconcerned|unmoved|unresponsive|impassive|passive|detached|uninvolved|disinterested|unfeeling|unemotional|emotionless|dispassionate|lukewarm|cool|uncaring|half-hearted|lackadaisical|non-committal|listless|lethargic|languid|phlegmatic|torpid|supine|inert|bored|unmotivated|unambitious|couldn't-care-less|Laodicean|pococurante|half-arsed|half-assed


word: APATHY
russian_word: апатия
example: widespread apathy among students
definition: lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
antonyms: enthusiasm|interest|passion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapəθi
phonetics_text: ˈapəθi
synonyms:
indifference|lack of interest|lack of enthusiasm|lack of concern|unconcern|uninterestedness|unresponsiveness|impassivity|passivity|passiveness|detachment|dispassion|dispassionateness|lack of involvement|phlegm|coolness|listlessness|lethargy|languor|lassitude|torpor|boredom|ennui|accidie|acedia|mopery

origin:
early 17th century: from French apathie, via Latin from Greek apatheia, from apathēs ‘without feeling’, from a- ‘without’ + pathos ‘suffering’.


word: APATITE
russian_word: апатит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapətʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈapətʌɪt
definition:
a widely occurring pale green to purple mineral, consisting of calcium phosphate with some fluorine, chlorine, and other elements. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

origin:
early 19th century: coined in German from Greek apatē ‘deceit’ (from the mineral's diverse forms and colours).


word: APE
russian_word: обезьяна
example: cunning is but the ape of wisdom
synonyms: primate|simian|monkey|anthropoid
origin: Old English apa, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch aap and German Affe .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: eɪp
phonetics_text: eɪp
definition:
a large primate that lacks a tail, including the gorilla, chimpanzees, orangutan, and gibbons.|an unintelligent or clumsy person.|an inferior imitator or mimic.


word: APERTURE
russian_word: апертура
example: the bell ropes passed through apertures in the ceiling
definition: an opening, hole, or gap.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin apertura, from apert- ‘opened’, from aperire ‘to open’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapətʃə
phonetics_text: ˈapətʃə|ˈapətj(ʊ)ə
synonyms:
opening|hole|gap|space|slit|slot|vent|passage|crevice|chink|crack|fissure|perforation|breach|eye|interstice|orifice|foramen


word: APETALOUS
russian_word: безлепестковый
definition: (of a flower) having no petals.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪˈpɛt(ə)ləs
phonetics_text: eɪˈpɛt(ə)ləs
origin:
early 18th century: from modern Latin apetalus, from Greek apetalos ‘leafless’ (from a- ‘without’ + petalon ‘leaf’) + -ous.


word: APEX
russian_word: вершина
antonyms: bottom
synonyms: tip|peak|summit|pinnacle|top|highest point/part|crest|vertex|fastigium
origin: early 17th century: from Latin, ‘peak, tip’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈeɪpɛks
phonetics_text: ˈeɪpɛks
example:
the apex of the roof|the apex of his career was in 1966 when he hoisted aloft the World Cup for England

definition:
the top or highest part of something, especially one forming a point.|the highest point of achievement; a climax.|the point in turning a corner when the vehicle is closest to the edge of the track.


word: APHELION
russian_word: афелий
example: Mars is at aphelion
definition: the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is furthest from the sun.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: apˈhiːlɪən
phonetics_text: apˈhiːlɪən
origin:
mid 17th century: alteration of modern Latin aphelium (by substitution of the Greek inflection -on ), from Greek aph' hēlion ‘from the sun’.


word: APHERESIS
russian_word: аферез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɛɪfəˈriːsɪs
phonetics_text: ɛɪfəˈriːsɪs
definition:
omission of the initial sound of a word, as when he is is pronounced he's.|a technique by which a particular substance or component is removed from the blood, the main volume being returned to the body.

origin:
mid 16th century: via late Latin from Greek aphairesis, from aphairein ‘take away’, from apo ‘from’ + hairein ‘take’.


word: APHIS
russian_word: тля
definition: an aphid, especially one of the genus Aphis (which includes the common greenfly and blackfly).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪfɪs
phonetics_text: ˈeɪfɪs
origin:
late 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek, perhaps a misreading of koris ‘bug’ (interpreting the characters κορ ‘kor’ as αφ ‘aph’).


word: APHORISM
russian_word: афоризм
example: the old aphorism ‘the child is father to the man’
definition: a pithy observation which contains a general truth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈafərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈafərɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
saying|maxim|axiom|adage|precept|epigram|epigraph|dictum|gnome|pearl of wisdom|proverb|saw|tag|motto|expression|phrase|formula|apophthegm

origin:
early 16th century: from French aphorisme or late Latin aphorismus, from Greek aphorismos ‘definition’, from aphorizein ‘define’.


word: APLENTY
russian_word: в изобилии
example: there is passion aplenty in the events described
definition: in abundance.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈplɛnti
phonetics_text: əˈplɛnti
synonyms:
in abundance|in profusion|galore|in large quantities|in large numbers|by the dozen|everywhere|all over|to spare|a gogo|by the truckload|by the shedload


word: APLOMB
russian_word: апломб
example: Diana passed the test with aplomb
definition: self-confidence or assurance, especially when in a demanding situation.
antonyms: gaucheness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈplɒm
phonetics_text: əˈplɒm
synonyms:
poise|self-assurance|assurance|self-possession|self-confidence|calmness|composure|collectedness|presence of mind|level-headedness|sangfroid|equilibrium|equanimity|nerve|nonchalance|savoir faire|savoir vivre|cool|unflappability

origin:
late 18th century (in the sense ‘perpendicularity, steadiness’): from French, from à plomb ‘according to a plumb line’.


word: APOCALYPTIC
russian_word: апокалиптический
example: the apocalyptic visions of ecologists
definition: describing or prophesying the complete destruction of the world.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əpɒkəˈlɪptɪk
phonetics_text: əpɒkəˈlɪptɪk
origin:
early 17th century (as a noun denoting the writer of the Apocalypse, St John): from Greek apokaluptikos, from apokaluptein ‘uncover’ (see apocalypse).


word: APOCOPE
russian_word: апокопа
definition: omission of the final sound of a word, as when cup of tea is pronounced as cuppa tea.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒkəpi
phonetics_text: əˈpɒkəpi
origin:
mid 16th century: from late Latin, from Greek apokoptein ‘cut off’, from apo- ‘from’ + koptein ‘to cut’.


word: APOCRINE
russian_word: апокринный
origin: early 20th century: from apo- + Greek krinein ‘to separate’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈapəkrʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈapəkrʌɪn|ˈapəkrɪn
definition:
relating to or denoting multicellular glands which release some of their cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands associated with hair follicles in the armpits and pubic regions.


word: APOCRYPHA
russian_word: апокрифы
definition: biblical or related writings not forming part of the accepted canon of Scripture.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒkrɪfə
phonetics_text: əˈpɒkrɪfə
origin:
late Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin apocrypha (scripta) ‘hidden (writings)’, from Greek apokruphos, from apokruptein ‘hide away’.


word: APOCRYPHAL
russian_word: недостоверный
example: his alleged description of opera as ‘fat gits singing’ is probably apocryphal
definition: (of a story or statement) of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true.
antonyms: authentic|true
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpɒkrɪf(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈpɒkrɪf(ə)l
synonyms:
fictitious|made-up|untrue|fabricated|false|spurious|imaginary|mythical|legendary|dubious|doubtful|debatable|questionable|unverified|unauthenticated|unsubstantiated|unsupported


word: APOLLONIAN
russian_word: посвященный Аполлону
example: the struggle between cold Apollonian categorization and Dionysiac lust and chaos
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌapəˈləʊnɪən
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈləʊnɪən
definition:
relating to the god Apollo.|relating to the rational, ordered, and self-disciplined aspects of human nature.


word: APOLOGETIC
russian_word: примирительный
antonyms: unrepentant|impenitent|defiant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əpɒləˈdʒɛtɪk
phonetics_text: əpɒləˈdʒɛtɪk
example:
she was very apologetic about the whole incident|the apologetic proposition that production for profit is the same thing as production for need

definition:
expressing or showing regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure.|constituting a formal defence or justification of a theory or doctrine.

synonyms:
regretful|full of regret|sorry|contrite|remorseful|penitent|repentant|rueful|deprecatory|self-reproachful|conscience-stricken|red-faced|shamefaced|sheepish|hangdog|ashamed|in sackcloth and ashes|compunctious

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting a formal justification): from French apologétique or late Latin apologeticus, from Greek apologētikos, from apologeisthei ‘speak in one's own defence’, from apologia (see apology). The current sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: APOLOGIST
russian_word: апологет
example: critics said he was an apologist for colonialism
definition: a person who offers an argument in defence of something controversial.
antonyms: critic
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒlədʒɪst
phonetics_text: əˈpɒlədʒɪst
synonyms:
defender|supporter|upholder|advocate|proponent|exponent|propagandist|apostle|champion|backer|promoter|campaigner|spokesman|spokeswoman|spokesperson|speaker|arguer|enthusiast

origin:
mid 17th century: from French apologiste, from Greek apologizesthai ‘give an account’ (see apologize).


word: APOLOGIZE
russian_word: извиняться
example: I must apologize for disturbing you like this
definition: express regret for something that one has done wrong.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpɒlədʒʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈpɒlədʒʌɪz
synonyms:
say sorry|express regret|be apologetic|make an apology|ask forgiveness|beg (someone's) forgiveness|ask for pardon|beg (someone's) pardon|eat humble pie|eat one's words

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘make a defensive argument’): from Greek apologizesthai ‘give an account’, from apologos (see apologue). In English the verb has always been used as if it were a direct derivative of apology .


word: APOLOGY
russian_word: извинение
example: we owe you an apology|we were shown into an apology for a bedroom
synonyms: expression of regret|one's regrets|amende honorable|apols|beg-pardon
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: əˈpɒlədʒi
definition:
a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure.|a very poor or inadequate example of.|another term for apologia.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a formal defence against an accusation): from French apologie, or via late Latin from Greek apologia ‘a speech in one's own defence’, from apo ‘away’ + -logia (see -logy).


word: APONEUROSIS
russian_word: апоневроз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌapənjʊˈrəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌapənjʊˈrəʊsɪs
definition:
a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment.

origin:
late 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek aponeurōsis, from apo ‘off, away’ + neuron ‘sinew’ + -osis.


word: APOPHATIC
russian_word: апофатическая
definition: (of knowledge of God) obtained through negating concepts that might be applied to him.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌapəˈfatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈfatɪk
origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek apophatikos ‘negative’, from apophasis ‘denial’, from apo- ‘other than’ + phanai ‘speak’.


word: APOPHTHEGM
russian_word: апофтегма
example: the apophthegm ‘tomorrow is another day’
definition: a concise saying or maxim; an aphorism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapəθɛm
phonetics_text: ˈapəθɛm
origin:
mid 16th century: from French apophthegme or modern Latin apothegma, from Greek, from apophthengesthai ‘speak out’.


word: APOPHYLLITE
russian_word: апофиллита
origin: early 19th century: from apo- + Greek phullon ‘leaf’ + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒfɪlʌɪt
phonetics_text: əˈpɒfɪlʌɪt
definition:
a mineral occurring typically as white glassy prisms, usually as a secondary mineral in volcanic rocks. It is a hydrated silicate and fluoride of calcium and potassium.


word: APOPHYSIS
russian_word: апофиз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒfɪsɪs
phonetics_text: əˈpɒfɪsɪs
definition:
a natural protuberance from a bone, or inside the shell or exoskeleton of a sea urchin or insect, for the attachment of muscles.|a swelling at the base of the sporangium in some mosses.|a small offshoot extending from an igneous intrusion into the surrounding rock.

origin:
late 16th century: modern Latin, from Greek apophusis ‘offshoot’, from apo- ‘from, away’ + phusis ‘growth’.


word: APOPLECTIC
russian_word: апоплексический
example: Mark was apoplectic with rage at the decision|an apoplectic attack
definition: overcome with anger; furious.|relating to or denoting apoplexy (stroke).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌapəˈplɛktɪk
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈplɛktɪk
synonyms:
furious|enraged|overcome with anger|infuriated|in a temper|incensed|raging|incandescent|wrathful|fuming|ranting|raving|seething|frenzied|in a frenzy|beside oneself|outraged|in high dudgeon|as cross as two sticks|mad|hopping mad|wild|livid|boiling|aerated|with all guns blazing|foaming at the mouth|fit to be tied

origin:
early 17th century: from French apoplectique or late Latin apoplecticus, from Greek apoplēktikos, from apoplēssein ‘disable by a stroke’.


word: APOPROTEIN
russian_word: апопротеин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌapəˈprəʊtiːn
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈprəʊtiːn
definition:
a protein which together with a prosthetic group forms a particular biochemical molecule such as a hormone or enzyme.


word: APOPTOSIS
russian_word: апоптоз
origin: 1970s: from Greek apoptōsis ‘falling off’, from apo ‘from’ + ptōsis ‘falling, a fall’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌapə(p)ˈtəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌapə(p)ˈtəʊsɪs
definition:
the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.


word: APORIA
russian_word: выражение сомнения
example: the celebrated aporia whereby a Cretan declares all Cretans to be liars
definition: an irresolvable internal contradiction or logical disjunction in a text, argument, or theory.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɔːrɪə
phonetics_text: əˈpɔːrɪə|əˈpɒrɪə
origin:
mid 16th century: via late Latin from Greek, from aporos ‘impassable’, from a- ‘without’ + poros ‘passage’.


word: APOSTASY
russian_word: отступничество
example: the execution of their leader for apostasy brought widespread criticism
definition: the abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief or principle.
antonyms: loyalty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒstəsi
phonetics_text: əˈpɒstəsi
synonyms:
renunciation of belief|abandonment of belief|recantation|treachery|perfidy|faithlessness|disloyalty|betrayal|defection|desertion|heresy|tergiversation|recreancy

origin:
Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin apostasia, from a late Greek alteration of Greek apostasis ‘defection’.


word: APOSTATE
russian_word: отступник
example: after fifty years as an apostate he returned to the faith
definition: a person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle.
antonyms: follower|disciple
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: əˈpɒsteɪt
phonetics_text: əˈpɒsteɪt
synonyms:
dissenter|heretic|nonconformist|defector|deserter|traitor|turncoat|schismatic|recusant|recreant|renegade|tergiversator

origin:
Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin apostata, from Greek apostatēs ‘deserter, runaway slave, apostate’.


word: A POSTERIORI
russian_word: основанный на опыте
origin: early 17th century: Latin, ‘from what comes after’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: eɪ pɒˌstɛrɪˈɔːrʌɪ
phonetics_text: eɪ pɒˌstɛrɪˈɔːrʌɪ|ɑː pɒˌstɛrɪˈɔːriː
definition:
relating to or denoting reasoning or knowledge which proceeds from observations or experiences to the deduction of probable causes.


word: APOSTLE
russian_word: апостол
definition: each of the twelve chief disciples of Jesus Christ.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɒs(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈpɒs(ə)l
origin:
Old English apostol, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek apostolos ‘messenger’, from apostellein ‘send forth’.


word: APOTHEM
russian_word: апофема
definition: a line from the centre of a regular polygon at right angles to any of its sides.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapəθɛm
phonetics_text: ˈapəθɛm
origin:
late 19th century: from Greek apotithenai ‘put aside, deposit’, from apo ‘away’ + tithenai ‘to place’.


word: APOTHEOSIS
russian_word: апофеоз
antonyms: nadir
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌpɒθɪˈəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: əˌpɒθɪˈəʊsɪs
example:
his appearance as Hamlet was the apotheosis of his career|death spared Pompey the task of having to account for the apotheosis of Caesar

definition:
the highest point in the development of something; a culmination or climax.|the elevation of someone to divine status.

synonyms:
culmination|climax|crowning moment|peak|pinnacle|summit|zenith|apex|acme|apogee|high point|highest point|height|high water mark

origin:
late 16th century: via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek apotheōsis, from apotheoun ‘make a god of’, from apo ‘from’ + theos ‘god’.


word: APP
russian_word: приложение
example: I've just installed the app on my phone|Ezra's helping her with her college apps
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ap
phonetics_text: ap
definition:
an application, especially as downloaded by a user to a mobile device.|an application or application form.


word: APPAL
russian_word: устрашать
example: bankers are appalled at the economic incompetence of some ministers
definition: greatly dismay or horrify.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpɔːl
phonetics_text: əˈpɔːl
synonyms:
horrify|shock|dismay|distress greatly|outrage|scandalize|alarm|make someone's blood run cold|disgust|repel|revolt|sicken|nauseate|offend

origin:
Middle English: from Old French apalir ‘grow pale’, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + palir ‘to pale’. The original sense was ‘grow pale’, later ‘make pale’, hence ‘horrify’ (late Middle English).


word: APPALLING
russian_word: ужасный
example: the cat suffered appalling injuries during the attack
definition: causing shock or dismay; horrific.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpɔːlɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈpɔːlɪŋ
synonyms:
shocking|horrific|horrifying|horrible|terrible|awful|dreadful|ghastly|hideous|horrendous|frightful|atrocious|abominable|abhorrent|outrageous|hateful|loathsome|odious|gruesome|grisly|monstrous|nightmarish|heinous|harrowing|dire|vile|shameful|unspeakable|unforgivable|unpardonable|abject|disgusting|revolting|repellent|repulsive|repugnant|sickening|nauseating|egregious


word: APPARATUS
russian_word: аппарат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌapəˈreɪtəs
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈreɪtəs
example:
firemen wearing breathing apparatus|one thing about the book's apparatus does irritate: the absence of an index of titles

definition:
the technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.|the complex structure of a particular organization or system.|a collection of notes, variant readings, and other matter accompanying a printed text.

synonyms:
equipment|gear|rig|tackle|gadgetry|paraphernalia|appliance|instrument|tool|utensil|machine|mechanism|device|contraption|hardware|plant|machinery|things|stuff|gubbins

origin:
early 17th century: Latin, from apparare ‘make ready for’, from ad- ‘towards’ + parare ‘make ready’.


word: APPAREL
russian_word: одежда
example: they were dressed in bright apparel
definition: clothing.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈpar(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈpar(ə)l
synonyms:
clothes|clothing|garments|dress|attire|wear|garb|wardrobe|outfit|costume|robes|vestments|gear|get-up|togs|duds|garms|clobber|kit|rig-out|threads|raiment|habit|habiliments

origin:
Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘make ready or fit’; as a noun ‘furnishings, equipment’): from Old French apareillier, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ (expressing change) + par ‘equal’.


word: APPARENT
russian_word: очевидный
example: for no apparent reason she laughed|his apparent lack of concern
definition: clearly visible or understood; obvious.|seeming real or true, but not necessarily so.
antonyms: unclear|obscure
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpar(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈpar(ə)nt
synonyms:
evident|plain|obvious|clear|manifest|visible|discernible|perceptible|perceivable|noticeable|detectable|recognizable|observable|unmistakable|crystal clear|as clear as crystal|transparent|palpable|patent|distinct|pronounced|marked|striking|conspicuous|overt|blatant|as plain as a pikestaff|staring someone in the face|writ large|written all over someone|as plain as day|beyond (a) doubt|beyond question|self-evident|indisputable|standing/sticking out a mile

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French aparant, from Latin apparent- ‘appearing’, from the verb apparere (see appear).


word: APPARENTLY
russian_word: видимо
example: the child nodded, apparently content with the promise
definition: as far as one knows or can see.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈparəntli
phonetics_text: əˈparəntli
synonyms:
seemingly|evidently|it seems (that)|it would seem (that)|it appears (that)|it would appear (that)|as far as one knows|by all accounts|so it seems|ostensibly|outwardly|on the face of it|to all appearances|to all intents and purposes|on the surface|so the story goes|so I'm told|allegedly|supposedly|reputedly|ostensively


word: APPARITION
russian_word: призрак
example: a headless apparition
definition: a ghost or ghostlike image of a person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: apəˈrɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: apəˈrɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
ghost|phantom|spectre|spirit|wraith|shadow|presence|vision|hallucination|bodach|Doppelgänger|duppy|spook|phantasm|shade|revenant|visitant|wight|eidolon|manes

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘the action of appearing’): from Latin apparitio(n- ) ‘attendance’, from the verb apparere (see appear).


word: APPEAL
russian_word: обращение
antonyms: bore|leave someone cold
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈpiːl
phonetics_text: əˈpiːl
example:
police are appealing for information about the incident|he said he would appeal against the conviction|the range of topics will appeal to youngsters

definition:
make a serious, urgent, or heartfelt request.|apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court.|be attractive or interesting.

synonyms:
ask urgently/earnestly|request urgently/earnestly|make an urgent/earnest request|call|make a plea|plead|beg|sue

origin:
Middle English (in legal contexts): from Old French apel (noun), apeler (verb), from Latin appellare ‘to address’, based on ad- ‘to’ + pellere ‘to drive’.


word: APPEALING
russian_word: привлекательный
example: village life is somehow more appealing|an appealing look
definition: attractive or interesting.|showing or expressing a desire for help or sympathy.
antonyms: off-putting|disagreeable|unappealing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpiːlɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈpiːlɪŋ
synonyms:
attractive|engaging|alluring|enchanting|captivating|bewitching|fascinating|winning|winsome|likeable|lovable|charming|delightful|beautiful|pretty|good-looking|prepossessing|striking|fetching|delectable|desirable|irresistible|bonny|tasty|taking|inviting|tempting|appetizing|enticing|seductive|agreeable|to one's liking|pleasant|pleasing|pleasurable|interesting|intriguing|juicy|sexy


word: APPEAR
russian_word: появляться
example: smoke appeared on the horizon|she appeared not to know what was happening
antonyms: disappear|vanish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpɪə
phonetics_text: əˈpɪə
definition:
come into sight; become visible or noticeable, especially without apparent cause.|seem; give the impression of being.

synonyms:
become visible|come into view|come into sight|materialize|take shape|pop up|bob up|be revealed|be seen|emerge|manifest itself|become apparent|become evident|surface|come to light|arise|crop up|occur|develop|enter into the picture

origin:
Middle English: from Old French apareir, from Latin apparere, from ad- ‘towards’ + parere ‘come into view’.


word: APPEARANCE
russian_word: появление
antonyms: disappearance|departure
synonyms: look(s)|air|aspect|mien|outward form
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɪər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈpɪər(ə)ns
example:
she checked her appearance in the mirror|he is well known for his television appearances|the sudden appearance of her daughter startled her

definition:
the way that someone or something looks.|an act of performing or participating in a public event.|an act of arriving or becoming visible.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French aparance, aparence, from late Latin apparentia, from Latin apparere (see appear).


word: APPEASE
russian_word: утолить
antonyms: provoke|inflame
origin: Middle English: from Old French apaisier, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + pais ‘peace’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpiːz
phonetics_text: əˈpiːz
example:
amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups|we give to charity because it appeases our guilt

definition:
pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands.|assuage or satisfy (a demand or a feeling).

synonyms:
conciliate|placate|pacify|make peace with|propitiate|palliate|allay|reconcile|win over|calm (down)|mollify|soothe|subdue|soften|content|still|silence|tranquillize|humour|quieten|quieten down|quiet|sweeten


word: APPEASEMENT
russian_word: умиротворение
example: a policy of appeasement
definition: the action or process of appeasing.
antonyms: provocation|aggression
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpiːzm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈpiːzm(ə)nt
synonyms:
conciliation|placation|pacification|propitiation|palliation|allaying|reconciliation|acquiescence|acceding|concession|accommodation|peace offering|peacemaking|peacebuilding|peacemongering|dovishness|calming|mollification|soothing|sweetening|satisfaction|fulfilment|gratification|indulgence|provision|assuagement|relief|deadening|tempering|quenching|slaking|satiation


word: APPELLATE
russian_word: апелляционный
example: courts of appellate jurisdiction
definition: (especially of a court) concerned with or dealing with applications for decisions to be reversed.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpɛlət
phonetics_text: əˈpɛlət
origin:
late Middle English (originally in the sense ‘appealed against, accused’): from Latin appellatus ‘appealed against’, from the verb appellare (see appeal). The current sense dates from the mid 18th century.


word: APPELLATION
russian_word: название
example: the city fully justifies its appellation ‘the Pearl of the Orient’
definition: a name or title.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌapəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
name|title|designation|denomination|honorific|tag|epithet|label|sobriquet|byname|nickname|moniker|handle|cognomen

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin appellatio(n- ), from the verb appellare (see appeal).


word: APPELLEE
russian_word: ответчик по апелляции
definition: the defending party in a case taken to a higher court.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌapəˈliː
phonetics_text: ˌapəˈliː|əˌpɛˈliː
origin:
mid 16th century: from French appelé, past participle of appeler ‘call’. from Latin appellare ‘to address’ (see appeal).


word: APPENDAGE
russian_word: придаток
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɛndɪdʒ
phonetics_text: əˈpɛndɪdʒ
example:
they treat Scotland as a mere appendage of England|a pair of feathery appendages through which oxygen is absorbed

definition:
a thing that is added or attached to something larger or more important.|a projecting part of an invertebrate or other living organism, with a distinct appearance or function.

synonyms:
addition|attachment|adjunct|addendum|appurtenance|accessory|accompaniment|affix|extra|add-on|supplement|accretion|peripheral


word: APPENDANT
russian_word: акцессорный
definition: attached or added, especially in a subordinate capacity.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈpɛnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈpɛnd(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English (in legal contexts): from Old French apendant, from apendre ‘depend on, belong to’, from Latin appendere (see append).


word: APPENDIX
russian_word: приложение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɛndɪks
phonetics_text: əˈpɛndɪks
example:
I'm merely standing in while Stella is having her appendix out|a list of such activities was published as an appendix to the report

definition:
a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals. In humans the appendix is small and has no known function, but in rabbits, hares, and some other herbivores it is involved in the digestion of cellulose.|a section or table of subsidiary matter at the end of a book or document.

synonyms:
supplement|addendum|postscript|codicil|addition|extension|continuation|adjunct|appendage|coda|epilogue|afterword|rider|sequel|tailpiece|back matter|postlude

origin:
mid 16th century (in appendix (sense 2)): from Latin, from appendere ‘hang upon’ (see append). appendix (sense 1) dates from the early 17th century.


word: APPETITE
russian_word: аппетит
example: he has a healthy appetite
definition: a natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapɪtʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈapɪtʌɪt
synonyms:
hunger|ravenousness|hungriness|need for food|taste|palate|desire|relish|voracity|greed|gluttony|stomach|edacity|esurience

origin:
Middle English: from Old French apetit (modern appétit ), from Latin appetitus ‘desire for’, from appetere ‘seek after’, from ad- ‘to’ + petere ‘seek’.


word: APPETITIVE
russian_word: возбуждающий аппетит
example: the appetitive behaviour of animals
definition: characterized by a natural desire to satisfy bodily needs.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpɛtɪtɪv
phonetics_text: əˈpɛtɪtɪv
origin:
mid 16th century: from French appétitif or medieval Latin appetitivus, from appetire ‘seek after’ (see appetite).


word: APPETIZER
russian_word: закуска
example: the meal started off with an assortment of appetizers including mini egg rolls and fried mozzarella
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapɪtʌɪzə
phonetics_text: ˈapɪtʌɪzə
definition:
a small dish of food or a drink taken before a meal or the main course of a meal to stimulate one's appetite.

synonyms:
starter|canapé|first course|finger food|titbit|savoury|snack|namkeen|hors d'oeuvre|amuse-gueule|antipasto


word: APPETIZING
russian_word: аппетитный
example: the appetizing aroma of sizzling bacon
definition: stimulating one's appetite.
antonyms: bland|off-putting|unappealing
origin: mid 17th century: from French appétissant, irregular formation from appétit (see appetite).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈapɪtʌɪzɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈapɪtʌɪzɪŋ
synonyms:
mouth-watering|inviting|tempting|tasty|succulent|delicious|palatable|delectable|choice|flavoursome|luscious|toothsome|scrumptious|scrummy|yummy|yum-yum|moreish|lush|peng|ambrosial|ambrosian|appealing|attractive|enticing|alluring|seductive|enchanting|beguiling


word: APPLAUD
russian_word: аплодировать
example: the crowd whistled and applauded
definition: show approval or praise by clapping.
antonyms: boo|hiss
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈplɔːd
phonetics_text: əˈplɔːd
synonyms:
clap|cheer|whistle|give a standing ovation to|put one's hands together|hail|acclaim|hurrah|hurray|shout at|show one's appreciation|ask for an encore|give someone a big hand|bring the house down

origin:
late 15th century: from Latin applaudere, from ad- ‘to’ + plaudere ‘to clap’, reinforced by French applaudir .


word: APPLAUSE
russian_word: аплодисменты
example: they gave him a round of applause
definition: approval or praise expressed by clapping.
antonyms: booing|hissing
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin applausus, from the verb applaudere (see applaud).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈplɔːz
phonetics_text: əˈplɔːz
synonyms:
clapping|handclapping|cheering|whistling|(standing) ovation|acclamation|cheers|whistles|bravos|curtain calls|encores


word: APPLIANCE
russian_word: прибор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈplʌɪəns
phonetics_text: əˈplʌɪəns
example:
electrical and gas appliances|three fire appliances were rushed to the scene|the appliance of science could increase crop yields

definition:
a device or piece of equipment designed to perform a specific task.|a fire engine.|the action or process of bringing something into operation.

synonyms:
device|machine|instrument|gadget|contraption|apparatus|utensil|implement|tool|mechanism|contrivance|labour-saving device|amenity|aid|gizmo|mod con


word: APPLICABLE
russian_word: применимый
example: the same considerations are equally applicable to accident claims
definition: relevant or appropriate.
antonyms: inappropriate|irrelevant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈplɪkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈplɪkəb(ə)l|ˈaplɪkəb(ə)l
synonyms:
relevant|appropriate|pertinent|apposite|germane|material|felicitous|significant|related|connected|apropos of|fitting|suitable|apt|befitting|to the point|to the purpose|useful|helpful|of use|ad rem|appurtenant

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘compliant’): from Old French, or from medieval Latin applicabilis, from the verb applicare (see apply).


word: APPLICANT
russian_word: заявитель
example: applicants for the degree course
definition: a person who makes a formal application for something, especially a job.
origin: early 19th century: from application + -ant.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaplɪk(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈaplɪk(ə)nt
synonyms:
candidate|interviewee|competitor|contestant|contender|entrant|claimant|suppliant|supplicant|petitioner|suitor|postulant|prospective student/employee|aspirant|possibility|possible|job-seeker|job-hunter|auditioner


word: APPLICATION
russian_word: применение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: aplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
an application for leave|the application of general rules to particular cases|paints suitable for application on fabric|the job takes a great deal of patience and application|a database application

definition:
a formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something, submitted to an authority, institution, or organization.|the action of putting something into operation.|the action of applying something to a surface.|sustained effort; hard work.|a program or piece of software designed to fulfil a particular purpose.

synonyms:
request|appeal|petition|entreaty|plea|solicitation|supplication|requisition|suit|approach|inquiry|claim|demand

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin applicatio(n- ), from the verb applicare (see apply).


word: APPLY
russian_word: применять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈplʌɪ
phonetics_text: əˈplʌɪ
example:
you need to apply to the local authority for a grant|prices do not apply to public holiday periods|the sealer can be applied to new wood|for two years, she applied herself to her studies with dedication

definition:
make a formal application or request.|be applicable or relevant.|put or spread (a substance) on a surface.|give one's full attention to a task; work hard.

synonyms:
put in an application|put in|try|bid|appeal|petition|make an entreaty|sue|register|audition|inquire after|request|seek|solicit|claim|ask for|try to obtain

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French aplier, from Latin applicare ‘fold, fasten to’, from ad- ‘to’ + plicare ‘to fold’.


word: APPOINT
russian_word: назначать
antonyms: reject
origin: late Middle English: from Old French apointer, from a point ‘to a point’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpɔɪnt
phonetics_text: əˈpɔɪnt
example:
she has been appointed to the board|they appointed a day in May for the meeting|trustees appoint the capital to the beneficiaries

definition:
assign a job or role to (someone).|determine or decide on (a time or a place).|decide the disposition of (property of which one is not the owner) under powers granted by the owner.

synonyms:
nominate|name|designate|install as|commission|engage|adopt|co-opt|select|choose|elect|vote in|detail


word: APPOINTED
russian_word: назначенный
example: she arrived at the appointed time|a luxuriously appointed lounge
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpɔɪntɪd
phonetics_text: əˈpɔɪntɪd
definition:
(of a time or place) decided on beforehand; designated.|(of a building or room) equipped or furnished in a specified way.

synonyms:
scheduled|arranged|prearranged|specified|decided|agreed|determined|assigned|designated|allotted|set|fixed|chosen|established|settled|preordained|authorized|ordained|prescribed|decreed


word: APPOINTMENT
russian_word: назначение
example: she made an appointment with my receptionist|the room was spartan in its appointments
antonyms: rejection
origin: Middle English: from Old French apointement, from apointer (see appoint).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɔɪntm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈpɔɪntm(ə)nt
definition:
an arrangement to meet someone at a particular time and place.|an act of assigning a job or position to someone.|furniture or fittings.

synonyms:
meeting|engagement|interview|arrangement|consultation|session|date|rendezvous|assignation|tweetup|commitment|fixture|tryst


word: APPORTION
russian_word: распределять
example: voting power will be apportioned according to contribution
definition: divide up and share out.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈpɔːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
share out|divide out|allocate|distribute|allot|assign|dispense|give out|hand out|mete out|deal out|dole out|ration|parcel out|measure out|split|carve up|slice up|divvy up|dish out

origin:
late 16th century: from Old French apportionner or medieval Latin apportionare, from ad- ‘to’ + portionare ‘divide into portions’.


word: APPORTIONMENT
russian_word: распределение
example: the apportionment of blame
definition: the action or result of apportioning something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpɔːʃ(ə)nm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈpɔːʃ(ə)nm(ə)nt
synonyms:
sharing|division|allocation|distribution|allotment|assigning|dispensation|ration|splitting|carving up|parcelling out|slicing up|divvying up


word: APPOSITE
russian_word: уместный
example: an apposite quotation
definition: apt in the circumstances or in relation to something.
antonyms: inappropriate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈapəzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈapəzɪt
synonyms:
appropriate|suitable|fitting|apt|befitting|relevant|pertinent|to the point|to the purpose|applicable|germane|material|congruous|felicitous|ad rem|appurtenant

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin appositus, past participle of apponere ‘apply’, from ad- ‘towards’ + ponere ‘put’.


word: APPRAISE
russian_word: оценивать
example: there is a need to appraise existing techniques
definition: assess the value or quality of.
synonyms: assess|evaluate|estimate|judge|rate|gauge|sum up|review|consider|size up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpreɪz
phonetics_text: əˈpreɪz
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘set a price on’): alteration of apprize, by association with praise. The current sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: APPRECIABLE
russian_word: заметный
example: pupils may have to travel appreciable distances
definition: large or important enough to be noticed.
antonyms: negligible
origin: early 19th century: from French appréciable, from apprécier (see appreciate).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpriːʃəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈpriːʃəb(ə)l|əˈpriːʃɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
considerable|substantial|significant|sizeable|goodly|fair|reasonable|tidy|marked|perceptible|noticeable|measurable|detectable|visible


word: APPRECIABLY
russian_word: заметно
example: profits have grown appreciably over the last four years
definition: to an appreciable extent; considerably.
antonyms: negligibly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈpriːʃ(ɪ)əbli
phonetics_text: əˈpriːʃ(ɪ)əbli
synonyms:
considerably|substantially|significantly|markedly|noticeably|measurably|perceptibly|detectably|visibly|ascertainably|greatly|much|a great deal|sizeably|fairly|reasonably|tidily


word: APPRECIATE
russian_word: ценить
antonyms: be unaware of
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpriːʃɪeɪt
phonetics_text: əˈpriːʃɪeɪt|əˈpriːsɪeɪt
example:
she feels that he does not appreciate her|they failed to appreciate the pressure he was under|the dollar appreciated against the euro by 15 per cent

definition:
recognize the full worth of.|understand (a situation) fully; grasp the full implications of.|rise in value or price.

synonyms:
value|respect|prize|cherish|treasure|admire|hold in high regard|hold in esteem|rate highly|think highly of|think much of|have a high opinion of|set (great) store by

origin:
mid 16th century: from late Latin appretiat- ‘set at a price, appraised’, from the verb appretiare, from ad- ‘to’ + pretium ‘price’.


word: APPRECIATION
russian_word: оценка
antonyms: unawareness
synonyms: valuing|respect|prizing|cherishing|treasuring|admiration|regard|esteem|high opinion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n|əpriːsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
I smiled in appreciation|the bank's lack of appreciation of their problems|the appreciation of the dollar against the pound

definition:
recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of someone or something.|a full understanding of a situation.|increase in monetary value.

origin:
late 15th century: from French appréciation, from late Latin appretiatio(n- ), from the verb appretiare ‘set at a price, appraise’ (see appreciate).


word: APPRECIATIVE
russian_word: благодарный
example: an appreciative audience
definition: feeling or showing gratitude or pleasure.
antonyms: ungrateful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpriːʃ(ɪ)ətɪv
phonetics_text: əˈpriːʃ(ɪ)ətɪv
synonyms:
grateful for|thankful for|obliged for|indebted for|beholden for|in someone's debt|obligated|supportive|encouraging|sympathetic|responsive|enthusiastic|sensitive


word: APPREHEND
russian_word: задерживать
definition: arrest (someone) for a crime.|understand or perceive.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: aprɪˈhɛnd
phonetics_text: aprɪˈhɛnd
example:
a warrant was issued but he has not been apprehended|we enter a field of vision we could not otherwise apprehend

synonyms:
arrest|catch|capture|seize|take prisoner|take into custody|detain|put in jail|throw in jail|put behind bars|imprison|incarcerate|collar|nab|nail|run in|bust|pick up|pull in|haul in|do|feel someone's collar|pinch|nick

origin:
late Middle English (originally in the sense ‘grasp, get hold of (physically or mentally’)): from French appréhender or Latin apprehendere, from ad- ‘towards’ + prehendere ‘lay hold of’.


word: APPREHENSION
russian_word: задержание
antonyms: confidence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aprɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: aprɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n
example:
he felt sick with apprehension|his first apprehension of such large issues|they acted with intent to prevent lawful apprehension

definition:
anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.|understanding; grasp.|the action of arresting someone.

synonyms:
anxiety|angst|alarm|worry|uneasiness|unease|nervousness|misgiving|disquiet|concern|agitation|restlessness|edginess|fidgetiness|nerves|tension|trepidation|perturbation|consternation|panic|fearfulness|dread|fear|shock|horror|terror|foreboding|presentiment|butterflies in the stomach|the willies|the heebie-jeebies

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘learning, acquisition of knowledge’): from late Latin apprehensio(n- ), from apprehendere ‘seize, grasp’ (see apprehend).


word: APPREHENSIVE
russian_word: опасающийся
example: he felt apprehensive about going home
antonyms: confident
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: aprɪˈhɛnsɪv
phonetics_text: aprɪˈhɛnsɪv
definition:
anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen.|relating to perception or understanding.

synonyms:
anxious|alarmed|worried|uneasy|nervous|concerned|agitated|restless|edgy|on edge|fidgety|tense|strained|stressed|neurotic|panicky|afraid|scared|frightened|fearful|terrified|on tenterhooks|trepidatious|stressy

origin:
late Middle English (in apprehensive (sense 2)): from French appréhensif or medieval Latin apprehensivus, from Latin apprehendere ‘seize, grasp’ (see apprehend).


word: APPRENTICE
russian_word: ученик
example: an apprentice electrician
antonyms: veteran
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈprɛntɪs
phonetics_text: əˈprɛntɪs
definition:
a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.

synonyms:
trainee|learner|probationer|tyro|novice|mentee|neophyte|raw recruit|fledgling|new boy/girl|novitiate|pupil|student|beginner|starter|rookie|greenhorn|tenderfoot

origin:
Middle English: from Old French aprentis (from apprendre ‘learn’, from Latin apprehendere ‘apprehend’), on the pattern of words ending in -tis, -tif, from Latin -tivus (see -ive).


word: APPRENTICESHIP
russian_word: ученичество
example: he served his apprenticeship as a fitter
definition: the position of an apprentice.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈprɛntɪ(s)ʃɪp
phonetics_text: əˈprɛntɪ(s)ʃɪp
synonyms:
traineeship|training period|studentship|novitiate|initiation|probationary period|trial period|indentureship


word: APPRISE
russian_word: информировать
example: I thought it right to apprise Chris of what had happened
definition: inform or tell (someone).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈprʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈprʌɪz
synonyms:
inform|notify|tell|let know|advise|brief|intimate|make aware of|send word to|update|keep posted|keep up to date|keep up to speed|enlighten|clue in|fill in|put wise|tip off|put in the picture

origin:
late 17th century: from French appris, apprise, past participle of apprendre ‘learn, teach’, from Latin apprehendere (see apprehend).


word: APPROACH
russian_word: подход
antonyms: leave
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈprəʊtʃ
phonetics_text: əˈprəʊtʃ
example:
the train approached the main line|the department had been approached about funding|one must approach the matter with caution

definition:
come near or nearer to (someone or something) in distance or time.|speak to (someone) for the first time about a proposal or request.|start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way.

synonyms:
proceed towards|come/go towards|advance towards|go near/nearer|come near/nearer|draw near/nearer|come close/closer|go close/closer|draw close/closer|move near/nearer|edge near/nearer|near|draw near|close in on|centre on|focus on|converge on|catch up on|gain on|creep up on|loom|reach|arrive at

origin:
Middle English: from Old French aprochier, aprocher, from ecclesiastical Latin appropiare ‘draw near’, from ad- ‘to’ + propius (comparative of prope ‘near’).


word: APPROACHABLE
russian_word: доступный
example: managers should be approachable|the site is approachable from the roundabout
antonyms: aloof|unapproachable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l
definition:
friendly and easy to talk to.|(of a place) able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means.

synonyms:
friendly|welcoming|pleasant|agreeable|congenial|affable|cordial|well disposed|obliging|communicative|open|hospitable|helpful|informal|easy-going|accessible|available|easy to get on/along with|unstuffy


word: APPROBATION
russian_word: апробация
example: a term of approbation
definition: approval or praise.
antonyms: criticism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaprəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌaprəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
approval|acceptance|assent|endorsement|encouragement|recognition|appreciation|support|respect|admiration|commendation|congratulations|praise|acclamation|adulation|regard|esteem|veneration|kudos|applause|ovation|accolades|salutes|plaudits|laudation

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin approbatio(n- ), from the verb approbare (see approbate).


word: APPROPRIATE
russian_word: соответствующий
example: this isn't the appropriate time or place
definition: suitable or proper in the circumstances.
antonyms: inappropriate|irrelevant
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
synonyms:
suitable|proper|fitting|apt|relevant|connected|pertinent|apposite|applicable|germane|material|significant|right|congruous|to the point|to the purpose|convenient|expedient|favourable|auspicious|propitious|opportune|felicitous|timely|well judged|well timed|seemly|befitting|deserved|ad rem|appurtenant|meet|seasonable

phonetic:
late Middle English: from late Latin appropriatus, past participle of appropriare ‘make one's own’, from ad- ‘to’ + proprius ‘own, proper’.


word: APPROVAL
russian_word: утверждение
example: the road schemes have been given approval
definition: the action of approving something.
antonyms: refusal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpruːv(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈpruːv(ə)l
synonyms:
acceptance|agreement|consent|assent|acquiescence|compliance|concurrence|blessing|imprimatur|seal/stamp of approval|rubber stamp|sanction|endorsement|ratification|authorization|mandate|licence|validation|confirmation|support|backing|permission|leave|the go-ahead|the green light|the OK|the thumbs up|the nod|say-so


word: APPROVE
russian_word: утвердить
example: the budget was approved by parliament|he approved himself ripe for military command
definition: officially agree to or accept as satisfactory.|prove; show.
antonyms: refuse
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈpruːv
phonetics_text: əˈpruːv
synonyms:
accept|agree to|consent to|assent to|acquiesce in|concur in|accede to|give one's blessing to|bless|rubber-stamp|say yes to|ratify|sanction|endorse|authorize|mandate|license|warrant|validate|pass|confirm|support|back|give one's permission/leave|give the go-ahead to|give the green light to|give the OK to|OK|give the thumbs up to|give the nod|say the word|buy

origin:
Middle English: from Old French aprover, from Latin approbare (see approbate). The original sense was ‘prove, demonstrate’, later ‘corroborate, confirm’, hence ‘pronounce to be satisfactory’ (late Middle English).


word: APPROVER
russian_word: утверждающий
example: the leading approver of new drugs|he has turned approver in the case
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈpruːvə
phonetics_text: əˈpruːvə
definition:
a person who endorses or gives permission for something.|a participant in or accomplice to a crime being tried who gives evidence for the prosecution.


word: APPROXIMATE
russian_word: приблизительный
example: the approximate time of death
definition: close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact.
antonyms: precise
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
synonyms:
estimated|rough|imprecise|inexact|coarse-grained|near|close|indefinite|broad|loose|general|vague|hazy|fuzzy|woolly|ballpark

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the adjectival sense ‘close, similar’): from late Latin approximatus, past participle of approximare, from ad- ‘to’ + proximus ‘very near’. The verb (originally meaning ‘bring close’) arose in the mid 17th century; the current adjectival sense dates from the early 19th century.


word: APPROXIMATELY
russian_word: приблизительно
example: a journey of approximately two hours
definition: used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact; roughly.
antonyms: precisely
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈprɒksɪmətli
phonetics_text: əˈprɒksɪmətli
synonyms:
roughly|about|around|just about|round about|or so|or thereabouts|more or less|in the neighbourhood of|in the region of|in the area of|in the vicinity of|of the order of|something like|give or take (a few)|in round numbers|rounded up/down|near to|close to|nearly|not far off|almost|approaching|getting on for|circa|pushing|as near as dammit|in the ballpark of|nigh


word: APPROXIMATION
russian_word: приближение
example: these figures are only approximations
definition: a value or quantity that is nearly but not exactly correct.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃn
phonetics_text: əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃn
synonyms:
estimate|estimation|guess|conjecture|rough calculation|rough idea|surmise|guesswork|guesstimate|ballpark figure|semblance|outward appearance|likeness|resemblance|similarity|correspondence|comparison


word: APPURTENANT
russian_word: принадлежащий
example: properties appurtenant to the main building
definition: belonging; pertinent.
antonyms: unconnected
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈpəːt(ɪ)nənt
phonetics_text: əˈpəːt(ɪ)nənt
synonyms:
pertinent|belonging|relevant|related|relating|connected|appertaining|appropriate|apposite|applicable|material|germane|ad rem

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French apartenant ‘appertaining’, from the verb apartenir (see appertain).


word: A PRIORI
russian_word: априорный
example: a priori assumptions about human nature
antonyms: empirical
synonyms: theoretical|deduced|deductive|inferred|scientific|postulated|suppositional|self-evident
origin: late 16th century: Latin, ‘from what is before’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˌeɪ prʌɪˈɔːrʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˌeɪ prʌɪˈɔːrʌɪ|ˌɑː prɪˈɔːri
definition:
relating to or denoting reasoning or knowledge which proceeds from theoretical deduction rather than from observation or experience.


word: APRON
russian_word: фартук
example: a striped butcher's apron|a tiny apron of garden|apron feeders bring coarse ore to a grinding mill
synonyms: pinafore|overall|pinny
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪpr(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈeɪpr(ə)n
definition:
a protective garment worn over the front of one's clothes and tied at the back.|a small area adjacent to another larger area or structure.|an endless conveyor made of overlapping plates.

origin:
Middle English naperon, from Old French, diminutive of nape, nappe ‘tablecloth’, from Latin mappa ‘napkin’. The n was lost by wrong division of a napron ; compare with adder1.


word: APROPOS
russian_word: по поводу
example: she remarked apropos of the initiative, ‘It's not going to stop the abuse’
definition: with reference to; concerning.
origin: mid 17th century: from French à propos ‘(with regard) to (this) purpose’.
part_of_speech: preposition|adjective
phonetic: ˌaprəˈpəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌaprəˈpəʊ|ˈaprəpəʊ
synonyms:
with reference to|with regard to|with respect to|regarding|concerning|respecting|on the subject of|in the matter of|touching on|dealing with|connected with|in connection with|about|re|anent


word: APSIS
russian_word: апсида
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈapsɪs
phonetics_text: ˈapsɪs
definition:
either of two points on the orbit of a planet or satellite that are nearest to or furthest from the body round which it moves.

origin:
early 17th century (denoting the orbit of a planet): via Latin from Greek apsis, hapsis ‘arch, vault’, perhaps from haptein ‘fasten, join’. Compare with apse.


word: APT
russian_word: склонный
definition: appropriate or suitable in the circumstances.|having a tendency to do something.|quick to learn.
antonyms: inappropriate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: apt
phonetics_text: apt
example:
the theme could not be more apt|he is apt to be swayed by irrational considerations|she proved an apt pupil

synonyms:
suitable|fitting|appropriate|befitting|relevant|felicitous|congruous|fit|applicable|judicious|apposite|apropos|to the purpose|to the point|perfect|ideal|right|just right|made to order|tailor-made|convenient|expedient|useful|timely|spot on

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘suited, appropriate’): from Latin aptus ‘fitted’, past participle of apere ‘fasten’.


word: APTNESS
russian_word: пригодность
example: the aptness of the punishment
definition: the quality of being appropriate or suitable.
antonyms: inappropriateness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈap(t)nəs
phonetics_text: ˈap(t)nəs
synonyms:
suitability|appropriateness|appropriacy|relevance|fitness|felicity|congruity|applicability|pertinence|judiciousness|appositeness|becomingness|convenience|expedience|usefulness|timeliness|correctness|rightness


word: AQUALUNG
russian_word: акваланг
origin: 1950s (originally a proprietary name in the US): from Latin aqua ‘water’ + lung.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈakwəlʌŋ
phonetics_text: ˈakwəlʌŋ
definition:
a portable breathing apparatus for divers, consisting of cylinders of compressed air strapped on the diver's back, feeding air automatically through a mask or mouthpiece.


word: AQUARELLE
russian_word: акварель
example: a cover illustrated in aquarelle
definition: the technique of painting with thin, transparent watercolours (as distinct from gouache).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakwəˈrɛl
phonetics_text: ˌakwəˈrɛl
origin:
mid 19th century: from French, from Italian acquarella ‘watercolour’, diminutive of acqua, from Latin aqua ‘water’.


word: AQUATIC
russian_word: водный
example: animals have eyes adapted to the hues of their aquatic home
definition: relating to water.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈkwatɪk
phonetics_text: əˈkwatɪk|əˈkwɒtɪk
origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘watery, rainy’): from Old French aquatique or Latin aquaticus, from aqua ‘water’.


word: AQUATINT
russian_word: акватинта
example: twelve coloured aquatints of British battle scenes
origin: late 18th century: from French aquatinte, from Italian acqua tinta ‘coloured water’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈakwətɪnt
phonetics_text: ˈakwətɪnt
definition:
a print resembling a watercolour, made by etching a copper plate with nitric acid and using resin and varnish to produce areas of tonal shading.


word: AQUA VITAE
russian_word: водка
definition: strong alcoholic spirit, especially brandy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakwə ˈviːtʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˌakwə ˈviːtʌɪ|ˌakwə ˈvʌɪtiː
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin, literally ‘water of life’; compare with aquavit, eau de vie, usquebaugh, and whisky.


word: AQUEDUCT
russian_word: акведук
synonyms: conduit|race|channel|watercourse|waterway|sluice|sluiceway|spillway|bridge|viaduct
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈakwɪdʌkt
phonetics_text: ˈakwɪdʌkt
definition:
an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge across a valley or other gap.|a small duct in the body containing fluid.

origin:
mid 16th century: from obsolete French (now aqueduc ), from Latin aquae ductus ‘conduit’, from aqua ‘water’ + ducere ‘to lead’.


word: AQUILEGIA
russian_word: аквилегии
origin: from medieval Latin, probably from Latin aquilegus ‘water-collecting’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌakwɪˈliːdʒə
phonetics_text: ˌakwɪˈliːdʒə
definition:
a plant of the buttercup family, which bears showy flowers with backward-pointing spurs. Native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, it is widely grown in gardens.


word: ARAB
russian_word: арабский
origin: via Latin and Greek from Arabic ‘arab .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈarəb
phonetics_text: ˈarəb
definition:
a member of a Semitic people, originally from the Arabian peninsula and neighbouring territories, inhabiting much of the Middle East and North Africa.|a horse of a breed originating in Arabia, with a distinctive high-set tail.


word: ARABIAN CAMEL
russian_word: одногорбый верблюд
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the domesticated one-humped camel, probably native to the deserts of North Africa and south-western Asia.


word: ARABICA
russian_word: арабика
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin, feminine of arabicus (see Arabic).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈrabɪkə
phonetics_text: əˈrabɪkə
definition:
coffee or coffee beans from the most widely grown coffee plant.|the bush that produces arabica coffee beans, native to the Old World tropics.


word: ARACHNOID
russian_word: паутинообразный
example: intelligent arachnoid killing machines
definition: like a spider or arachnid.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈraknɔɪd
phonetics_text: əˈraknɔɪd
origin:
mid 18th century: from modern Latin arachnoides, from Greek arakhnoeidēs ‘like a cobweb’, from arakhnē ‘spider’.


word: ARAGONITE
russian_word: арагонит
origin: early 19th century: from the place name Aragon + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈarəɡ(ə)nʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈarəɡ(ə)nʌɪt
definition:
a mineral consisting of calcium carbonate and typically occurring as colourless prisms in deposits from hot springs.


word: ARALIA
russian_word: аралии
origin: modern Latin, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈreɪlɪə
phonetics_text: əˈreɪlɪə
definition:
a plant of a very diverse group of trees and shrubs native to America and Asia. Several kinds are cultivated for their foliage and tiny flowers, and some are used in herbal medicine.


word: ARAMID
russian_word: арамидных
origin: 1970s: from aromatic + polyamide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaramɪd
phonetics_text: ˈaramɪd
definition:
any of a class of synthetic polyamides that are formed from aromatic monomers, and yield fibres of exceptional strength and thermal stability.


word: ARBITER
russian_word: арбитр
example: the Secretary of State is the final arbiter
definition: a person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin, ‘judge, supreme ruler’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːbɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːbɪtə
synonyms:
adjudicator|arbitrator|judge|umpire|referee|assistant referee|linesman|line judge|mediator|conciliator|intervenor|intercessor|go-between|negotiator|peacemaker


word: ARBITRAGEUR
russian_word: посредник в банковских и торговых операциях
definition: a person who engages in arbitrage.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɑːbɪtraˈʒəː
phonetics_text: ˌɑːbɪtraˈʒəː
origin:
late 19th century: from French, from arbitrer ‘give judgement’, from Latin arbitrari (see arbitrate).


word: ARBITRARY
russian_word: произвольный
example: an arbitrary decision|a country under arbitrary government
antonyms: rational|reasoned
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːbɪt(rə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈɑːbɪt(rə)ri
definition:
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.|(of power or a ruling body) unrestrained and autocratic in the use of authority.|(of a constant or other quantity) of unspecified value.

synonyms:
capricious|whimsical|random|chance|erratic|unpredictable|inconsistent|wild|hit-or-miss|haphazard|casual|unmotivated|motiveless|unreasoned|unreasonable|unsupported|irrational|illogical|groundless|unjustifiable|unjustified|wanton|discretionary|personal|subjective|discretional

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘dependent on one's will or pleasure, discretionary’): from Latin arbitrarius, from arbiter ‘judge, supreme ruler’, perhaps influenced by French arbitraire .


word: ARBITRATE
russian_word: арбитраж
example: the board has the power to arbitrate in disputes
definition: (of an independent person or body) reach an authoritative judgement or settlement.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɑːbɪtreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːbɪtreɪt
synonyms:
adjudicate|judge|adjudge|referee|umpire|sit in judgement|pass judgement|pronounce judgement|give a verdict|make a ruling|mediate|negotiate|conciliate|intervene|intercede|interpose|step in|make peace|act as peacemaker|settle|decide|determine|resolve

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin arbitrat- ‘judged’, from arbitrari, from arbiter ‘judge, supreme ruler’.


word: ARBITRATION
russian_word: арбитраж
example: Tayside Regional Council called for arbitration to settle the dispute
definition: the use of an arbitrator to settle a dispute.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːbɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɑːbɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
adjudication|mediation|mediatorship|negotiation|conciliation|intervention|interceding|interposition|peacemaking|peacebuilding|judgement|arbitrament


word: ARBITRATOR
russian_word: арбитр
example: the facts of the case are put to an independent arbitrator
definition: an independent person or body officially appointed to settle a dispute.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːbɪtreɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːbɪtreɪtə
synonyms:
adjudicator|arbiter|judge|umpire|referee|assistant referee|linesman|line judge|mediator|conciliator|intervenor|intercessor|go-between|negotiator|peacemaker


word: ARBORESCENT
russian_word: древовидный
example: arborescent succulents
definition: resembling a tree in growth or appearance.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɑːbəˈrɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌɑːbəˈrɛs(ə)nt
origin:
late 17th century: from Latin arborescent- ‘growing into a tree’, from arborescere, from arbor ‘tree’.


word: ARBOUR
russian_word: беседка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːbə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːbə
definition:
a shady garden alcove with the sides and roof formed by trees or climbing plants trained over a framework.

synonyms:
bower|alcove|grotto|recess|pergola|gazebo|summer house|shady place|shelter|hideaway|retreat|sanctuary

origin:
Middle English (also denoting a lawn or flower bed): from Old French erbier, from erbe ‘grass, herb’, from Latin herba . The phonetic change to ar- (common in words having er- before a consonant) was assisted by association with Latin arbor ‘tree’.


word: ARBOVIRUS
russian_word: арбовирусных
origin: 1950s (in the form arborvirus ): from ar(thropod)-bo(rne) + virus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːbə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˈɑːbə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
any of a group of viruses which are transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, or other arthropods. They include the virus of yellow fever.


word: ARC
russian_word: дуга
synonyms: curve|bend|bow|arch|crescent|semicircle|circular section/line|half-moon|curvature|convexity|curling
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ɑːk
phonetics_text: ɑːk
example:
the point where a tangential line touches the arc of a circle|modern welding generators are designed so that there is a high voltage for striking the arc|his transformation provides the emotional arc of the story

definition:
a part of a curve, especially a part of the circumference of a circle.|a luminous electrical discharge between two electrodes or other points.|(in a novel, play, or film) the development or resolution of the narrative or principal theme.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the path of a celestial object, especially the sun, from horizon to horizon): via Old French from Latin arcus ‘bow, curve’.


word: ARCADE
russian_word: аркада
definition: a covered passage with arches along one or both sides.|short for amusement arcade.
synonyms: gallery|colonnade|cloister|loggia|portico|forum|peristyle|stoa
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈkeɪd
phonetics_text: ɑːˈkeɪd
origin:
late 17th century: from French, from Provençal arcada or Italian arcata, based on Latin arcus ‘bow’.


word: ARCANA
russian_word: тайны
example: the arcana of his profession
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin, neuter plural of arcanus (see arcane).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈkeɪnə
phonetics_text: ɑːˈkeɪnə
definition:
secrets or mysteries.|either of the two groups of cards in a tarot pack: the twenty-two trumps (the major arcana ) and the fifty-six suit cards (the minor arcana ).


word: ARCANE
russian_word: тайный
example: arcane procedures for electing people
definition: understood by few; mysterious or secret.
antonyms: well known|open
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin arcanus, from arcere ‘to shut up’, from arca ‘chest’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːˈkeɪn
phonetics_text: ɑːˈkeɪn
synonyms:
mysterious|secret|hidden|concealed|covert|clandestine|enigmatic|dark|esoteric|obscure|abstruse|recondite|little known|recherché|inscrutable|impenetrable|opaque|incomprehensible|cryptic|occult


word: ARCH
russian_word: арка
synonyms: archway|vault|span|dome|bridge
origin: Middle English: from Old French arche, based on Latin arcus ‘bow’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ɑːtʃ
phonetics_text: ɑːtʃ
definition:
a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.


word: ARCHAEA
russian_word: археи
origin: modern Latin (plural), from Greek arkhaios ‘primitive’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈkiːə
phonetics_text: ɑːˈkiːə
definition:
microorganisms which are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient group which is intermediate between the bacteria and eukaryotes.


word: ARCHAEAN
russian_word: архейский
example: the main basement rocks are Archaeangneiss
origin: late 19th century: from Greek arkhaios ‘ancient’ + -an.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɑːˈkiːən
phonetics_text: ɑːˈkiːən
definition:
relating to or denoting the aeon that constitutes the earlier (or middle) part of the Precambrian, in which there was no life on the earth. It precedes the Proterozoic aeon and (in some schemes) is preceded by the Priscoan aeon.


word: ARCHAEOPTERYX
russian_word: археоптерикс
origin: from archaeo- ‘ancient’ + Greek pterux ‘wing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɑːkɪˈɒptərɪks
phonetics_text: ˌɑːkɪˈɒptərɪks
definition:
the oldest known fossil bird, of the late Jurassic period. It had feathers, wings, and hollow bones like a bird, but teeth, a bony tail, and legs like a small coelurosaur dinosaur.


word: ARCHAIC
russian_word: архаичный
example: prisons are run on archaic methods
definition: very old or old-fashioned.
antonyms: new|modern
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːˈkeɪɪk
phonetics_text: ɑːˈkeɪɪk
synonyms:
obsolete|obsolescent|out of date|anachronistic|old-fashioned|outmoded|behind the times|bygone|antiquated|antique|superannuated|antediluvian|past its prime|having seen better days|olde worlde|old-fangled|ancient|very old|aged|prehistoric|primitive|of yore|extinct|defunct|discontinued|discarded|fossilized|dead|passé|démodé|old hat|out of the ark|antwacky

origin:
mid 19th century: from French archaïque, from Greek arkhaikos, from arkhaios, from arkhē ‘beginning’.


word: ARCHETYPAL
russian_word: исконный
example: the archetypal country doctor|an archetypal journey representing the quest for identity
antonyms: atypical|unique
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɑːkɪˈtʌɪp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌɑːkɪˈtʌɪp(ə)l
definition:
very typical of a certain kind of person or thing.|relating to or denoting Jungian archetypes.|recurrent as a symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology.

synonyms:
most typical|most characteristic|representative|standard|conventional|classic|model|exemplary|quintessential|prime|textbook|copybook|stock|stereotypical|prototypical|paradigmatic|illustrative|average|clichéd|trite|hackneyed|hacky


word: ARCHETYPE
russian_word: образец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkɪtʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkɪtʌɪp
example:
he was the archetype of the old-style football club chairman|mythological archetypes of good and evil

definition:
a very typical example of a certain person or thing.|(in Jungian theory) a primitive mental image inherited from the earliest human ancestors, and supposed to be present in the collective unconscious.|a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology.

origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek arkhetupon ‘something moulded first as a model’, from arkhe- ‘primitive’ + tupos ‘a model’.


word: ARCHIEPISCOPAL
russian_word: архиепископский
definition: relating to an archbishop.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɑːkɪɪˈpɪskəp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌɑːkɪɪˈpɪskəp(ə)l
origin:
early 17th century: via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek arkhiepiskopos ‘archbishop’ (from arkhi- ‘chief’ + episkopos ‘bishop’) + -al.


word: ARCHIMANDRITE
russian_word: архимандрит
definition: the superior of a large monastery or group of monasteries in the Orthodox Church.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɑːkɪˈmandrʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌɑːkɪˈmandrʌɪt
origin:
mid 17th century: via ecclesiastical Latin, from ecclesiastical Greek arkhimandritēs, from arkhi- ‘chief’ + mandra ‘monastery’.


word: ARCHITECT
russian_word: архитектор
synonyms: designer|planner|builder|building consultant|draughtsman
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɑːkɪtɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkɪtɛkt
example:
the great Norman architect of Durham Cathedral|we are seeking an experienced software architect to join our scientific computing team

definition:
a person who designs buildings and in many cases also supervises their construction.|a person who designs hardware, software, or networking applications and services of a specified type for a business or other organization.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French architecte, from Italian architetto, via Latin from Greek arkhitektōn, from arkhi- ‘chief’ + tektōn ‘builder’.


word: ARCHITECTURE
russian_word: архитектура
example: schools of architecture and design|the chemical architecture of the human brain
synonyms: building design|planning|building|construction|architectonics
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin architectura, from architectus (see architect).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkɪtɛktʃə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkɪtɛktʃə
definition:
the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.|the complex or carefully designed structure of something.


word: ARCHITRAVE
russian_word: архитрав
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkɪtreɪv
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkɪtreɪv
definition:
(in classical architecture) a main beam resting across the tops of columns, specifically the lower third entablature.|the moulded frame round a doorway or window.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, from Italian, from archi- ‘chief’ + -trave from Latin trabs, trab- ‘a beam’.


word: ARCHIVE
russian_word: архив
example: source materials in local archives
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɑːkʌɪv
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkʌɪv
definition:
a collection of historical documents or records providing information about a place, institution, or group of people.

synonyms:
records|annals|chronicles|registers|accounts|papers|documents|rolls|dossiers|files|deeds|ledgers|history|information|evidence|documentation|paperwork|muniments

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘place where records are kept’): from French archives (plural), from Latin archiva, archia, from Greek arkheia ‘public records’, from arkhē ‘government’. The verb dates from the late 19th century.


word: ARCHIVOLT
russian_word: архивольт
definition: a band of moulding, resembling an architrave, round the lower curve of an arch.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkɪvəʊlt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkɪvəʊlt
origin:
mid 17th century: from French archivolte or Italian archivolto, based on Latin arcus ‘bow, arch’ + volvere ‘to roll’.


word: ARCHON
russian_word: архонт
definition: each of the nine chief magistrates in ancient Athens.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkən
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkən
origin:
late 16th century: from Greek arkhōn ‘ruler’, noun use of the present participle of arkhein ‘to rule’.


word: ARCHOSAUR
russian_word: архозавр
origin: 1930s: from modern Latin Archosauria, from Greek arkhos ‘chief’ or arkhōn ‘ruler’ + -saur.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkəsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkəsɔː
definition:
a vertebrate of a large group that includes reptiles such as the dinosaurs and pterosaurs and is represented today by the birds and crocodilians.


word: ARCTIC
russian_word: арктический
example: an Arctic explorer|February brought arctic conditions
definition: relating to the regions around the North Pole.|(of weather conditions) very cold.
antonyms: Antarctic
synonyms: polar|far northern|northern|northerly|boreal|hyperborean
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɑːktɪk
phonetics_text: ˈɑːktɪk
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin arcticus, articus, from Greek arktikos, from arktos ‘bear, Ursa Major, pole star’.


word: ARDENT
russian_word: ярый
example: an ardent supporter of the cause of education|the ardent flames
definition: very enthusiastic or passionate.|burning; glowing.
antonyms: half-hearted
origin: Middle English: from Old French ardant from Latin ardens, ardent-, from ardere ‘to burn’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːd(ə)nt
synonyms:
passionate|avid|impassioned|fervent|fervid|zealous|wholehearted|eager|vehement|intense|fierce|fiery|flaming|emotional|hot-blooded|earnest|sincere|enthusiastic|keen|committed|dedicated|assiduous|mad keen


word: ARDOUR
russian_word: пыл
example: the rebuff did little to dampen his ardour
definition: great enthusiasm or passion.
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin ardor, from ardere ‘to burn’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːdə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːdə
synonyms:
passion|avidity|fervour|zeal|wholeheartedness|eagerness|vehemence|intensity|fierceness|zest|gusto|energy|animation|fire|fieriness|emotion|emotionalism|feeling|hot-bloodedness|earnestness|sincerity|enthusiasm|keenness|dedication|devotion|assiduity|readiness|empressement


word: ARDUOUS
russian_word: трудный
example: an arduous journey
definition: involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
antonyms: easy|effortless
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin arduus ‘steep, difficult’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːdjʊəs
phonetics_text: ˈɑːdjʊəs|ˈɑːdʒʊəs
synonyms:
onerous|taxing|difficult|hard|heavy|laborious|burdensome|strenuous|vigorous|back-breaking|stiff|uphill|relentless|Herculean|demanding|trying|tough|challenging|formidable|exacting|exhausting|wearying|fatiguing|tiring|punishing|gruelling|grinding|intolerable|unbearable|murderous|harrowing|killing|no picnic|knackering|toilsome|exigent


word: AREA
russian_word: площадь
example: rural areas of Britain|the area of a triangle|the key areas of science|the area steps
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːrɪə
phonetics_text: ˈɛːrɪə
definition:
a region or part of a town, a country, or the world.|the extent or measurement of a surface or piece of land.|a subject or range of activity or interest.|a sunken enclosure giving access to the basement of a building.

synonyms:
district|region|zone|sector|quarter|locality|locale|neighbourhood|community|domain|realm|sphere|environment|territory|part|section|parish|spot|patch|tract|stretch|sweep|belt|neck of the woods|manor|turf

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘space allocated for a specific purpose’): from Latin, literally ‘vacant piece of level ground’.


word: ARENA
russian_word: арена
example: he has re-entered the political arena
origin: early 17th century: from Latin harena, arena ‘sand, sand-strewn place of combat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈriːnə
phonetics_text: əˈriːnə
definition:
a level area surrounded by seating, in which sports, entertainments, and other public events are held.|a place or scene of activity, debate, or conflict.

synonyms:
stadium|amphitheatre|theatre|coliseum|ground|field|ring|rink|court|stage|platform|circus|hippodrome|pitch|bowl|park|cirque


word: ARGAN
russian_word: аргановое
origin: Moroccan Arabic, from Berber argān .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡ(ə)n
definition:
an evergreen Moroccan tree or shrub which has hard, heavy wood and yields seeds whose oil is used in cosmetics and cooking.


word: ARGENTINE
russian_word: аргентинский
example: the argentine domes of our main course arrived
definition: of or resembling silver.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɑːdʒ(ə)ntʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈɑːdʒ(ə)ntʌɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French argentin, argentine, from argent ‘silver’, from Latin argentum .


word: ARGININE
russian_word: аргинин
origin: late 19th century: from German Arginin, perhaps from Greek arginoeis ‘bright-shining, white’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːdʒɪniːn
phonetics_text: ˈɑːdʒɪniːn
definition:
a basic amino acid which is a constituent of most proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet of vertebrates.


word: ARGON
russian_word: аргон
origin: late 19th century: from Greek, neuter of argos ‘idle’, from a- ‘without’ + ergon ‘work’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːɡɒn
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡɒn
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 18, an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group. Argon is the commonest noble gas, making up nearly one per cent of the earth's atmosphere.


word: ARGONAUT
russian_word: аргонавт
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːɡ(ə)nɔːt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡ(ə)nɔːt
definition:
a small floating octopus, the female of which has webbed sail-like arms and secretes a thin coiled papery shell in which the eggs are laid.


word: ARGOT
russian_word: арго
example: teenage argot
definition: the jargon or slang of a particular group or class.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡəʊ
synonyms:
jargon|slang|idiom|cant|dialect|parlance|patter|speech|vernacular|patois|terminology|language|tongue|-speak|lingo|geekspeak

origin:
mid 19th century (originally denoting the jargon or slang of criminals): from French, of unknown origin.


word: ARGUABLE
russian_word: спорный
example: it was arguable that the bank had no authority to honour the cheques|a highly arguable assumption
definition: able to be argued or asserted.|open to disagreement; not obviously correct.
antonyms: untenable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːɡjʊəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡjʊəb(ə)l
synonyms:
tenable|maintainable|assertable|defendable|defensible|supportable|sustainable|able to hold water|reasonable|rational|viable|workable|credible|believable|feasible|conceivable|acceptable|imaginable


word: ARGUABLY
russian_word: спорно
example: she is arguably the greatest woman tennis player of all time
definition: it may be argued (used to qualify the statement of an opinion or belief).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɑːɡjʊəbli
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡjʊəbli
synonyms:
possibly|conceivably|feasibly|plausibly|probably|maybe|perhaps|potentially|debatably|contestably|controversially


word: ARGUE
russian_word: спорить
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɑːɡjuː
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡjuː
example:
sociologists argue that inequalities in industrial societies are being reduced|the two men started arguing in a local pub

definition:
give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one's view.|exchange or express diverging or opposite views, typically in a heated or angry way.

synonyms:
contend|assert|declare|maintain|state|proclaim|advance|insist|hold|claim|aver|avow|reason|attest|expostulate|testify|swear|certify|propound|submit|posit|postulate|adduce|move|advocate|opine|allege|make a case for|give reasons for|defend|explain|vindicate|justify|depose|represent|asseverate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French arguer, from Latin argutari ‘prattle’, frequentative of arguere ‘make clear, prove, accuse’.


word: ARGUMENT
russian_word: аргумент
example: I've had an argument with my father|there is a strong argument for submitting a formal appeal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːɡjʊm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡjʊm(ə)nt
definition:
an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one.|a reason or set of reasons given in support of an idea, action or theory.|an independent variable associated with a function or proposition and determining its value. For example, in the expression y = F ( x1, x2 ), the arguments of the function F are x 1 and x 2, and the value is y.|any of the noun phrases in a clause that are related directly to the verb, typically the subject, direct object, and indirect object.|a summary of the subject matter of a book.

synonyms:
quarrel|disagreement|squabble|fight|difference of opinion|dispute|wrangle|clash|altercation|feud|dissension|war of words|contretemps|exchange of views|debate|discussion|discourse|disputation|controversy|tiff|barney|set-to|dust-up|bust-up|shouting/slanging match|spat|ding-dong|falling-out|row|afters|rammy

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘process of reasoning’): via Old French from Latin argumentum, from arguere ‘make clear, prove, accuse’.


word: ARGUS
russian_word: Аргус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːɡəs
phonetics_text: ˈɑːɡəs
definition:
a large long-tailed pheasant with generally brown plumage, found in SE Asia and Indonesia.|a small brown or bluish Eurasian butterfly which has eye-like markings near the wing margins.|a silvery deep-bodied fish with round spots, found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific region in both fresh and salt water.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin, from Greek Argos, the name of a watchman in Greek mythology who had a hundred eyes. After he was killed by Hermes, Hera used his eyes to decorate the peacock's tail.


word: ARGYLE
russian_word: вязка с узором в виде разноцветных ромбиков
example: the traditional argyle design associated with golf
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈɡʌɪl
phonetics_text: ɑːˈɡʌɪl
definition:
a pattern composed of diamonds of various colours on a plain background, used in knitted garments such as sweaters and socks.

origin:
1940s: from Argyll, a family name and a former county of Scotland. The pattern is based on the tartan of the Argyll branch of the Campbell clan.


word: ARID
russian_word: засушливый
example: the arid plains north of Cape Town|his arid years in suburbia
antonyms: wet|fertile
origin: mid 17th century: from French aride or Latin aridus, from arere ‘be dry or parched’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈarɪd
phonetics_text: ˈarɪd
definition:
(of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation.|lacking in interest, excitement, or meaning.

synonyms:
dry|dried up|waterless|as dry as a bone|moistureless|parched|scorched|baked|thirsty|dehydrated|desiccated|barren|desert|waste|desolate|infertile|non-fertile|unfruitful|unproductive|uncultivatable|sterile|infecund|droughty|torrefied


word: ARIGHT
russian_word: правильно
example: I wondered if I'd heard aright
definition: correctly; properly.
origin: Old English on riht, ariht (see a-2 ‘in’, right).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈrʌɪt
phonetics_text: əˈrʌɪt
synonyms:
correctly|rightly|right|all right|accurately|properly|exactly|precisely|perfectly|unerringly|faultlessly|truly|OK


word: ARISE
russian_word: возникать
example: new difficulties had arisen|he arose at 9.30
definition: (of a problem, opportunity, or situation) emerge; become apparent.|get or stand up.
antonyms: sit down|lie down
origin: Old English ārīsan, from ā- ‘away’ (as an intensifier) + the verb rise.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈrʌɪz
phonetics_text: əˈrʌɪz
synonyms:
come to light|become apparent|make an appearance|appear|emerge|crop/turn up|come about|surface|spring up|enter into the picture|occur|ensue|set in|transpire|come into being/existence|begin|commence|befall|come to pass


word: ARISTOCRACY
russian_word: аристократия
example: members of the aristocracy
antonyms: the working class|the common people|the masses
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌarɪˈstɒkrəsi
phonetics_text: ˌarɪˈstɒkrəsi
definition:
the highest class in certain societies, typically comprising people of noble birth holding hereditary titles and offices.

synonyms:
the nobility|the peerage|the gentry|the upper class|the ruling class|the privileged class|the elite|high society|the establishment|the patriciate|the haut monde|the beau monde|aristocrats|lords|ladies|peers|peers of the realm|nobles|noblemen|noblewomen|titled men/women/people|patricians|the upper crust|the jet set|the beautiful people|the crème de la crème|the top drawer|aristos|nobs|toffs

origin:
late 15th century: from Old French aristocratie, from Greek aristokratia, from aristos ‘best’ + -kratia ‘power’. The term originally denoted the government of a state by its best citizens, later by the rich and well born, hence the sense ‘nobility’, regardless of the form of government (mid 17th century).


word: ARISTOCRAT
russian_word: аристократ
example: a decadent old blue-blooded aristocrat
definition: a member of the aristocracy.
antonyms: commoner
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈarɪstəkrat
phonetics_text: ˈarɪstəkrat|əˈrɪstəkrat
synonyms:
nobleman|noblewoman|lord|lady|peer|peeress|peer of the realm|patrician|grandee|titled man/woman/person|aristo|top person|member of the upper crust|toff|nob|rah|chinless wonder|optimate

origin:
late 18th century: from French aristocrate (a word of the French Revolution), from aristocratie (see aristocracy).


word: ARISTOCRATIC
russian_word: аристократический
example: an aristocratic family
definition: of, belonging to, or typical of the aristocracy.
antonyms: plebeian|working-class|vulgar|coarse
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌarɪstəˈkratɪk
phonetics_text: ˌarɪstəˈkratɪk
synonyms:
noble|titled|upper-class|blue-blooded|high-born|well born|patrician|elite|grand|distinguished|respectable|silver-spoon|posh|upper crust|upmarket|top drawer|gentle|of gentle birth|well bred|dignified|courtly|refined|polished|elegant|stylish|decorous|gracious|fine|polite|well mannered|civil|courteous|chivalrous|gallant|gentlemanly|ladylike|urbane|suave|debonair|haughty|proud|snobbish

origin:
early 17th century: from French aristocratique, from Greek aristokratikos, from aristokratia (see aristocracy).


word: ARISTOTLE
russian_word: Аристотель
definition: a bottle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈarɪstɒt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈarɪstɒt(ə)l
example:
it was his fourth for the morning by the look of the three empty aristotles rolling around on the car floor


word: ARK
russian_word: ковчег
example: we reassembled the pig ark in preparation for our spring arrivals
origin: Old English ærc, from Latin arca ‘chest’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːk
phonetics_text: ɑːk
definition:
(in the Bible) the ship built by Noah to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the Flood; Noah's ark.|short for Ark of the Covenant.|a small bivalve mollusc which attaches itself to rocks with byssus threads.|a low hut used to house livestock, often incorporating a covered run.


word: ARM
russian_word: рука
synonyms: upper limb|forelimb|appendage|member
origin: Old English arm, earm, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch arm and German Arm .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːm
phonetics_text: ɑːm
example:
she held the baby in her arms|cables will secure the boom to steel arms installed near the top of the tower|the political arm of the separatist group

definition:
each of the two upper limbs of the human body from the shoulder to the hand.|a thing comparable to an arm in form or function, typically something that projects from a larger structure.|a branch or division of a company or organization.|each of the lines enclosing an angle.


word: ARMATURE
russian_word: арматура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmətʃə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmətʃə|ˈɑːmətj(ʊ)ə
definition:
the rotating coil or coils of a dynamo or electric motor.|an open framework on which a sculpture is moulded with clay or similar material.|the protective covering of an animal or plant.

origin:
late Middle English: from French, from Latin armatura ‘armour’, from armare ‘to arm’ (see arm2). The original sense was ‘armour’, hence ‘protective covering’ (armature (sense 3), early 18th century), later ‘keeper of a magnet’, source of armature (sense 1) (mid 19th century).


word: ARMISTICE
russian_word: перемирие
definition: an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
antonyms: declaration of war|hostilities
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmɪstɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmɪstɪs
synonyms:
truce|ceasefire|suspension of hostilities|cessation of hostilities|peace|break|respite|lull|moratorium|treaty|peace treaty|let-up

origin:
early 18th century: from French, or from modern Latin armistitium, from arma ‘arms’ (see arm2) + -stitium ‘stoppage’.


word: ARMOUR
russian_word: доспехи
example: knights in armour|his armour of self-confidence
origin: Middle English: from Old French armure, from Latin armatura, from armare ‘to arm’ (see arm2).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɑːmə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmə
definition:
the metal coverings formerly worn to protect the body in battle.|the tough metal layer covering a military vehicle or ship to defend it from attack.|the protective layer or shell of some animals and plants.|a person's emotional, social, or other defences.

synonyms:
protective covering|armour plate|covering|protection|sheathing|shield|chain armour|chain mail|coat of mail|panoply


word: ARMOURED
russian_word: бронированный
example: armoured vehicles|armoured fish
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːməd
phonetics_text: ˈɑːməd
definition:
covered with or protected by armour.|(of some animals and plants) having a protective layer or shell.

synonyms:
armour-plated|steel-plated|ironclad|mailed|bulletproof|bombproof|mineproof|reinforced|protected|toughened


word: ARMOURER
russian_word: оружейник
origin: Middle English: from Old French armurier, from armure (see armour).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmərə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmərə
definition:
a maker, supplier, or repairer of weapons or armour.|an official in charge of the arms of a warship or regiment.


word: ARMOURY
russian_word: арсенал
example: his armoury of comic routines
synonyms: arsenal|arms depot|arms cache|ordnance depot|magazine|ammunition dump
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːməri
phonetics_text: ˈɑːməri
definition:
a place where weapons are kept.|an array of resources available for a particular purpose.|a place where militia units drill and train.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘armour’): from Old French armoirie, armoierie, from armoier ‘to blazon’, from arme ‘weapon’ (see arms). The change in the second syllable in the 17th century was due to association with armour.


word: ARMREST
russian_word: подлокотник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmrɛst
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmrɛst
definition:
a padded or upholstered arm of a chair or other seat on which a sitter can comfortably rest their arm.


word: ARMS
russian_word: оружие
example: arms and ammunition
origin: Middle English: from Old French armes, from Latin arma .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːmz
phonetics_text: ɑːmz
definition:
weapons; armaments.|distinctive emblems or devices originally borne on shields in battle and now forming the heraldic insignia of families, corporations, or countries.

synonyms:
weapons (of war)|weaponry|firearms|guns|ordnance|cannon|artillery|armaments|munitions|instruments of war|war machines|military supplies|materiel


word: ARMY
russian_word: армия
example: the two armies were in position|an army of photographers
definition: an organized military force equipped for fighting on land.|a large number of people or things.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːmi
phonetics_text: ˈɑːmi
synonyms:
armed force|fighting force|defence force|military force|the military|land force|soldiery|infantry|militia|horde|troops|soldiers|land forces|thin red line|host

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French armee, from armata, feminine past participle of Latin armare ‘to arm’.


word: ARNICA
russian_word: арника
origin: mid 18th century: modern Latin, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːnɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈɑːnɪkə
definition:
a plant of the daisy family that bears yellow, daisy-like flowers, native to cooler regions of the northern hemisphere.


word: AROMATIC
russian_word: ароматический
example: a massage with aromatic oils
antonyms: foul-smelling
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: arəˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: arəˈmatɪk
definition:
having a pleasant and distinctive smell.|relating to or denoting organic compounds containing a planar unsaturated ring of atoms which is stabilized by an interaction of the bonds forming the ring, e.g. benzene and its derivatives.

synonyms:
fragrant|scented|sweet-scented|sweet-smelling|perfumed|fragranced|odoriferous|piquant|spicy|savoury|pungent|redolent|aromatized|balmy

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin aromaticus, from Greek arōmatikos, from arōma (see aroma).


word: AROUND
russian_word: вокруг
origin: Middle English: from a-2 ‘in, on’ + round.
part_of_speech: adverb|preposition
phonetic: əˈraʊnd
phonetics_text: əˈraʊnd
example:
the mountains towering all around|Guy seized her by the shoulders and turned her around|word got around that he was on the verge of retirement|one of them was glancing nervously around|there was no one around|software costs would be around £1,500

definition:
located or situated on every side.|so as to face in the opposite direction.|in or to many places throughout a locality.|aimlessly or unsystematically; here and there.|present, living, in the vicinity, or in active use.|(used with a number or quantity) approximately.

synonyms:
on every side|on all sides|in all directions|throughout|all over|all over the place|everywhere|about|here and there


word: AROUSE
russian_word: возбуждать
example: something about the man aroused the guard's suspicions|she had been aroused from deep slumber
definition: evoke or awaken (a feeling, emotion, or response).|awaken (someone) from sleep.
antonyms: allay
origin: late 16th century: from rouse, on the pattern of the pair of rise, arise .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈraʊz
phonetics_text: əˈraʊz
synonyms:
cause|induce|prompt|set off|trigger|stir up|inspire|call forth|call/bring into being|draw forth|bring out|excite|evoke|pique|whet|stir|engender|generate|kindle|fire|touch off|spark off|provoke|foster|whip up|sow the seeds of|enkindle


word: ARPENT
russian_word: арпан
origin: French.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːpənt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːpənt|ˈɑːpɒ̃
definition:
an old French unit of land area equivalent to 3,420 square metres (about 1 acre), the standard measure of land in those areas settled during the French regime and in use until the 1970s.|a unit of linear measure equivalent to about 58 m (190 feet), used in New France.


word: ARQUEBUS
russian_word: аркебуза
definition: an early type of portable gun supported on a tripod or a forked rest.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːkwɪbəs
phonetics_text: ˈɑːkwɪbəs
origin:
mid 16th century: from French harquebuse, based on Middle Low German hakebusse, from hake ‘hook’ + busse ‘gun’.


word: ARRAIGN
russian_word: обвинять
example: her sister was arraigned on charges of attempted murder
definition: call or bring (someone) before a court to answer a criminal charge.
antonyms: clear|acquit
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈreɪn
phonetics_text: əˈreɪn
synonyms:
indict|prosecute|put on trial|bring to trial|denounce|sue|take to court|bring an action against|lay charges against|file charges against|prefer charges against|summons|cite|accuse of|charge with|impeach|have the law on|do|inculpate

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French araisnier, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + ratio(n- ) ‘reason, account’.


word: ARRAIGNMENT
russian_word: предъявление обвинения
example: he's scheduled for arraignment in New York on Thursday
definition: the action of arraigning someone in court.
antonyms: acquittal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈreɪnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈreɪnm(ə)nt
synonyms:
indictment|accusation|denunciation|prosecution|trial|charge|summons|citation|plaint|impeachment|bill of indictment|beef|inculpation


word: ARRANGEMENT
russian_word: расположение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈreɪn(d)ʒm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈreɪn(d)ʒm(ə)nt
example:
the arrangement of the furniture in the room|all the arrangements for the wedding were made|Mozart's symphonies in arrangements for cello and piano

definition:
the action, process, or result of arranging or being arranged.|a plan or preparation for a future event.|a musical composition arranged for performance with instruments or voices differing from those originally specified.|a settlement of a dispute or claim.

synonyms:
positioning|disposition|marshalling|ranging|ordering|order|array|presentation|display|exhibition|grouping|sorting|organization|system|alignment|filing|classification|categorization|preparations|plans|planning|preparing|groundwork|provision


word: ARRANT
russian_word: отъявленный
example: what arrant nonsense!
definition: complete, utter.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈar(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈar(ə)nt
synonyms:
utter|downright|thoroughgoing|absolute|complete|thorough|through and through|total|unmitigated|outright|out-and-out|real|perfect|consummate|surpassing|sheer|rank|pure|unqualified|inveterate|positive|undiluted|unalloyed|unadulterated|in every respect|unconditional|blatant|flagrant|overt|naked|barefaced|brazen|full-bore|deep-dyed|right|fair|right-down

origin:
Middle English: variant of errant, originally in phrases such as arrant thief (‘outlawed, roving thief’).


word: ARRAY
russian_word: массив
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈreɪ
phonetics_text: əˈreɪ
example:
there is a vast array of literature on the topic|several arrays of solar panels will help provide power|he was clothed in fine array

definition:
an impressive display or range of a particular type of thing.|an ordered series or arrangement.|elaborate or beautiful clothing.|a list of jurors impanelled.

synonyms:
arrangement|assembling|assemblage|line-up|formation|ordering|disposition|marshalling|muster|amassing|show|display|exhibition|presentation|exposition|spectacle|agglomeration|collection|aggregation|raft|range|variety|assortment|diversity|mixture|selection

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘preparedness’ and ‘place in readiness’): from Old French arei (noun), areer (verb), based on Latin ad- ‘towards’ + a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’.


word: ARREST
russian_word: арестовать
antonyms: release
origin: late Middle English: from Old French arester, based on Latin ad- ‘at, to’ + restare ‘remain, stop’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈrɛst
phonetics_text: əˈrɛst
example:
the police arrested him for possession of marijuana|the spread of the disease can be arrested|the church's stillness arrested her

definition:
seize (someone) by legal authority and take them into custody.|stop or check (progress or a process).|attract the attention of (someone).

synonyms:
apprehend|take into custody|seize|take in|take prisoner|detain|put in jail|throw in jail|pick up|run in|pull in|haul in|cop|bust|nab|nail|do|collar|feel someone's collar|pinch|nick


word: ARRIVE
russian_word: приехать
antonyms: depart|leave
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈrʌɪv
phonetics_text: əˈrʌɪv
example:
we arrived at his house and knocked at the door|we will be in touch with them when the time arrives|they arrived at the same conclusion|he will feel jealous when a new baby arrives|he still has to pinch himself to be sure he really has arrived

definition:
reach a place at the end of a journey or a stage in a journey.|(of an event or a particular moment) happen or come.|reach (a conclusion or decision).|(of a baby) be born.|achieve success or recognition.

synonyms:
come|get here/there|reach one's destination|make it|appear|put in an appearance|make an appearance|come on the scene|come up|approach|enter|present oneself|turn up|be along|come along|materialize|reach|show up|show|roll in|roll up|blow in|show one's face|get to|get as far as|come to|make|make it to|set foot on|gain|attain|end up at|land up at|fetch up at|hit|wind up at

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘reach the shore after a voyage’): from Old French ariver, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + ripa ‘shore’.


word: ARRIVISTE
russian_word: карьерист
definition: an ambitious or ruthlessly self-seeking person.
origin: early 20th century: from French, from arriver (see arrive).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌariːˈviːst
phonetics_text: ˌariːˈviːst
synonyms:
social climber|status seeker|would-be|go-getter|self-seeker|adventurer|adventuress|newcomer|upstart|parvenu|parvenue|vulgarian|the nouveau riche|the new rich|new money


word: ARROGANCE
russian_word: высокомерие
example: the arrogance of this man is astounding
definition: the quality of being arrogant.
antonyms: humility|modesty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈarəɡ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈarəɡ(ə)ns
synonyms:
haughtiness|conceit|hubris|self-importance|egotism|sense of superiority|pomposity|high-handedness|swagger|boasting|bumptiousness|bluster|condescension|disdain|contempt|imperiousness|pride|vanity|immodesty|loftiness|lordliness|snobbishness|snobbery|superciliousness|smugness|pretension|pretentiousness|affectation|scorn|mocking|sneering|scoffing|presumption|insolence|uppitiness|big-headedness


word: ARROGANT
russian_word: высокомерный
example: he's arrogant and opinionated
definition: having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities.
antonyms: humble|modest
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈarəɡ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈarəɡ(ə)nt
synonyms:
haughty|conceited|hubristic|self-important|opinionated|egotistic|full of oneself|superior|overbearing|pompous|high-handed|swaggering|boastful|bumptious|blustering|patronizing|condescending|disdainful|contemptuous|imperious|proud|vain|immodest|lofty|lordly|snobbish|snobby|overweening|supercilious|smug|pretentious|affected|scornful|mocking|sneering|scoffing|hoity-toity|high and mighty|uppity|snooty|stuck-up|toffee-nosed|fancy-pants|snotty|jumped up|too big for one's boots|big-headed

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin arrogant- ‘claiming for oneself’, from the verb arrogare (see arrogate).


word: ARROGATE
russian_word: присваивать
example: they arrogate to themselves the ability to divine the nation's true interests
definition: take or claim (something) without justification.
antonyms: renounce
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈarəɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈarəɡeɪt
synonyms:
assume|take|take on|take over|secure|acquire|seize|expropriate|take possession of|help oneself to|make free with|appropriate|steal|wrest|usurp|commandeer|hijack|annex|claim|lay claim to

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin arrogat- ‘claimed for oneself’, from the verb arrogare, from ad- ‘to’ + rogare ‘ask’.


word: ARROWHEAD
russian_word: наконечник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈarəʊhɛd
phonetics_text: ˈarəʊhɛd
definition:
the pointed end of an arrow.|a quadrilateral in which one internal angle is more than 180°.|a Eurasian water plant with arrow-shaped leaves above the water surface.


word: ARROWROOT
russian_word: аррорут
definition: a herbaceous Caribbean plant from which a starch is prepared.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈarə(ʊ)ruːt
phonetics_text: ˈarə(ʊ)ruːt
origin:
late 17th century: alteration of Arawak aru-aru (literally ‘meal of meals’) by association with arrow and root1, the tubers being used to absorb poison from arrow wounds.


word: ARSENAL
russian_word: арсенал
example: Britain's nuclear arsenal
definition: a collection of weapons and military equipment.
synonyms: weapons|weaponry|arms|armaments
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːs(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɑːs(ə)n(ə)l
origin:
early 16th century (denoting a dock for the construction and repair of ships): from French, or from obsolete Italian arzanale, based on Arabic dār-aṣ-ṣinā‘a, from dār ‘house’ + al- ‘(of) the’ + sinā‘a ‘art, industry’.


word: ARSENIC
russian_word: мышьяк
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 33, a brittle steel-grey metalloid.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic:
late Middle English (denoting yellow orpiment, arsenic sulphide): via Old French from Latin arsenicum, from Greek arsenikon ‘yellow orpiment’, identified with arsenikos ‘male’, but in fact from Arabic al-zarnīḵ ‘the orpiment’, based on Persian zar ‘gold’.


word: ARSON
russian_word: поджог
example: police are treating the fire as arson
definition: the criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property.
synonyms: incendiarism|pyromania|firebombing|fire-raising
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːs(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈɑːs(ə)n
origin:
late 17th century: an Anglo-Norman French legal term, from medieval Latin arsio(n- ), from Latin ardere ‘to burn’.


word: ARSY-VERSY
russian_word: задом наперед
example: I had done my share of those arsy-versy projects back then
definition: confused, disordered, or perversely contrary.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ɑːsɪˈvəːsi
phonetics_text: ɑːsɪˈvəːsi
origin:
mid 16th century: from arse + Latin versus ‘turned’, the addition of -y1 to both elements forming a jingle.


word: ART
russian_word: искусство
synonyms: fine art|artwork|creative activity
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin ars, art- .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːt
phonetics_text: ɑːt
example:
the art of the Renaissance|the visual arts|the belief that the arts and sciences were incompatible|the art of conversation

definition:
the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.|the various branches of creative activity, such as painting, music, literature, and dance.|subjects of study primarily concerned with human creativity and social life, such as languages, literature, and history (as contrasted with scientific or technical subjects).|a skill at doing a specified thing, typically one acquired through practice.


word: ARTEFACT
russian_word: артефакт
example: gold and silver artefacts|the curvature of the surface is an artefact of the wide-angle view
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪfakt
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪfakt
definition:
an object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest.|something observed in a scientific investigation or experiment that is not naturally present but occurs as a result of the preparative or investigative procedure.

origin:
early 19th century: from Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’ (neuter past participle of facere ‘make’).


word: ARTEFACTUAL
russian_word: артефактного
example: rich artefactual material from campaigns of excavation
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɑːtɪˈfaktʃʊəl
phonetics_text: ˌɑːtɪˈfaktʃʊəl
definition:
denoting or relating to an object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest.


word: ARTEMISIA
russian_word: полынь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɑːtɪˈmɪzɪə
phonetics_text: ˌɑːtɪˈmɪzɪə
definition:
an aromatic or bitter-tasting plant of a genus that includes wormwood, mugwort, and sagebrush. Several kinds are used in herbal medicine and many are cultivated for their feathery grey foliage.

origin:
Middle English: via Latin from Greek, ‘wormwood’, named after the goddess Artemis, to whom it was sacred.


word: ARTERIAL
russian_word: артериальный
example: one of the main arterial routes from York
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin arterialis, from Latin arteria (see artery).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːˈtɪərɪəl
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtɪərɪəl
definition:
relating to an artery or arteries.|denoting an important route in a system of roads, railway lines, or rivers.


word: ARTERY
russian_word: артерия
example: George Street, main artery of Edinburgh's Golden Mile
synonyms: main/trunk route|main/trunk road|main/trunk line|high road|highway
origin: late Middle English: from Latin arteria, from Greek artēria, probably from airein ‘raise’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtəri
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtəri
definition:
any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.|an important route in a system of roads, rivers, or railway lines.


word: ARTESIAN
russian_word: артезианский
example: the availability of water from artesian wells makes agriculture possible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːˈtiːzɪən
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtiːzɪən|ɑːˈtiːʒ(ə)n
definition:
relating to or denoting a well bored perpendicularly into water-bearing strata lying at an angle, so that natural pressure produces a constant supply of water with little or no pumping.

origin:
mid 19th century: from French artésien ‘from Artois’ (see Artois), where such wells were first made.


word: ARTFUL
russian_word: хитрый
example: her artful wiles|an artful photograph of a striking woman
definition: clever or skilful, especially in a crafty or cunning way.|showing creative skill or taste.
antonyms: ingenuous|honest|dull
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɑːtfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtfʊl|ˈɑːtf(ə)l
synonyms:
sly|crafty|cunning|wily|scheming|devious|Machiavellian|sneaky|guileful|tricky|conniving|designing|calculating|shrewd|astute|sharp-witted|sharp|acute|intelligent|clever|alert|canny|deceitful|deceptive|duplicitous|cheating|dishonest|disingenuous|underhand|untrustworthy|unscrupulous|double-dealing|dirty|foxy|shifty|smart|fly|shonky|slim|vulpine|carny|subtle


word: ARTHRITIS
russian_word: артрит
definition: a disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈθrʌɪtɪs
phonetics_text: ɑːˈθrʌɪtɪs
origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek, from arthron ‘joint’. Arthritic was already used in late Middle English.


word: ARTHROPLASTY
russian_word: артропластика
definition: the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint.
origin: late 19th century: from arthro- + -plasty.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːθrə(ʊ)plasti
phonetics_text: ˈɑːθrə(ʊ)plasti
example:
the ageing of the world's population has been the primary driver for hip replacement, or arthroplasty


word: ARTICHOKE
russian_word: артишок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪtʃəʊk
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪtʃəʊk
definition:
a European plant resembling a thistle, cultivated for its large flower heads.|short for Jerusalem artichoke.

origin:
mid 16th century: from northern Italian articiocco, apparently from Spanish alcarchofa, from Spanish Arabic al-ḵaršūfa .


word: ARTICLE
russian_word: статья
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪk(ə)l
example:
small household articles|an article about middle-aged executives|it is an offence under Article 7 of the Treaty|he is already in articles

definition:
a particular item or object.|a piece of writing included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or other publication.|a separate clause or paragraph of a legal document or agreement, typically one outlining a single rule or regulation.|a period of training with a firm as a solicitor, architect, surveyor, or accountant.|the definite or indefinite article.

synonyms:
object|thing|item|unit|artefact|piece of merchandise|commodity|product|device|gadget|contrivance|instrument|utensil|tool|implement|whatsit|what-d'you-call-it|what's-its-name|whatchamacallit|thingummy|thingy|thingamabob|thingamajig|oojamaflip|oojah|gizmo|gubbins|doodah|doobry|doodad|doohickey|doojigger|dingus|thingo

origin:
Middle English (denoting a separate clause of the Apostles' Creed): from Old French, from Latin articulus ‘small connecting part’, diminutive of artus ‘joint’.


word: ARTICULATE
russian_word: артикулировать
example: an articulate account of their experiences|delicate articulate plants with a slender central stem
definition: having or showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently.|having joints or jointed segments.
antonyms: inarticulate|hesitant|unintelligible
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
synonyms:
eloquent|fluent|communicative|effective|persuasive|coherent|lucid|vivid|expressive|silver-tongued|vocal|cogent|illuminating|intelligible|comprehensible|understandable

phonetic:
mid 16th century: from Latin articulatus, past participle of articulare ‘divide into joints, utter distinctly’, from articulus ‘small connecting part’ (see article).


word: ARTICULATED
russian_word: сочлененный
example: an articulated lorry|one of the first articulated emotions that you will hear from a child
antonyms: fixed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪtɪd
definition:
having two or more sections connected by a flexible joint.|(of an idea or feeling) expressed; put into words.

synonyms:
hinged|jointed|segmented|coupled|attached|joined|connected|interlocked|flexible|bending|that bends|articulate


word: ARTICULATION
russian_word: артикуляция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɑːˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the articulation of vowels and consonants|beautifully polished articulation from the violins|the area of articulation of the lower jaw

definition:
the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech.|clarity in the production of successive notes.|the state of being jointed.

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘joint’, ‘joining’): from Latin articulatio(n- ), from the verb articulare (see articulate).


word: ARTICULATOR
russian_word: артикулятор
example: he is as good an articulator of his party's message as they've had in a long time
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈtɪkjʊleɪtə
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtɪkjʊleɪtə
definition:
a person who puts forward or expresses an idea.|any of the vocal organs above the larynx, including the tongue, lips, teeth, and hard palate.


word: ARTIFICE
russian_word: хитрость
example: an industry dominated by artifice
definition: clever or cunning devices or expedients, especially as used to trick or deceive others.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪfɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪfɪs
synonyms:
trickery|deviousness|deceit|deception|dishonesty|cheating|duplicity|guile|cunning|artfulness|wiliness|craft|craftiness|evasion|slyness|chicanery|intrigue|subterfuge|strategy|bluff|pretence|fraud|fraudulence|sophistry|sharp practice|monkey business|funny business|hanky-panky|jiggery-pokery|every trick in the book|device|trick|stratagem|ploy|tactic|ruse|scheme|move|manoeuvre|contrivance|machination|expedient|wile|dodge|swindle|hoax|confidence trick|con|con trick|set-up|game|scam|sting|gyp|flimflam|wheeze|bunco|grift|lurk|rort|schlenter|flanker|shift|fetch|rig

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘workmanship’): from Old French, from Latin artificium, based on ars, art- ‘art’ + facere ‘make’.


word: ARTIFICIAL
russian_word: искусственный
antonyms: genuine|sincere
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l
example:
her skin glowed in the artificial light|she gave an artificial smile|the Italian team began with an artificial club

definition:
made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially as a copy of something natural.|(of a person or their behaviour) insincere or affected.|(of a bid) conventional as opposed to natural.

synonyms:
feigned|insincere|false|affected|mannered|unnatural|stilted|contrived|pretended|put-on|exaggerated|actorly|overdone|overripe|forced|laboured|strained|hollow|spurious|pretend|phoney|fakey|hammy|ham|campy

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French artificiel or Latin artificialis, from artificium ‘handicraft’ (see artifice).


word: ARTILLERY
russian_word: артиллерия
example: tanks and heavy artillery
definition: large-calibre guns used in warfare on land.
synonyms: (big) guns|ordnance|cannon(s)|cannonry|heavy weapons|heavy weaponry|battery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈtɪləri
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtɪləri
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French artillerie, from artiller, alteration of atillier ‘equip, arm’, probably a variant of atirier, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + tire ‘rank, order’.


word: ARTISAN
russian_word: ремесленник
example: street markets where local artisans display handwoven textiles, painted ceramics, and leather goods
definition: a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪzan
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪzan|ɑːtɪˈzan
synonyms:
craftsman|craftswoman|craftsperson|skilled worker|mechanic|technician|operative|maker|smith|wright|journeyman|artificer|handicraftsman|handicraftswoman

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, from Italian artigiano, based on Latin artitus, past participle of artire ‘instruct in the arts’, from ars, art- ‘art’.


word: ARTIST
russian_word: художник
example: rip-off artists
synonyms: creator|originator|designer|producer|fine artist|old master|begetter
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪst
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪst
definition:
a person who creates paintings or drawings as a profession or hobby.|a person who habitually practises a specified reprehensible activity.

origin:
early 16th century (denoting a master of the liberal arts): from French artiste, from Italian artista, from arte ‘art’, from Latin ars, art- .


word: ARTISTE
russian_word: артист
example: cabaret artistes
definition: a professional entertainer, especially a singer or dancer.
origin: early 19th century: from French (see artist).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɑːˈtiːst
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtiːst
synonyms:
entertainer|performer|trouper|showman|artist|player|musician|singer|dancer|actor|actress|thespian|comic|comedian|comedienne|clown|impressionist|mime artist|conjuror|magician|acrobat|star|superstar|executant


word: ARTISTIC
russian_word: художественный
example: my lack of artistic ability
definition: having or revealing natural creative skill.
antonyms: unimaginative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɑːˈtɪstɪk
phonetics_text: ɑːˈtɪstɪk
synonyms:
creative|imaginative|inventive|original|expressive|inspired|poetic|eloquent|aesthetic|cultivated|sensitive|perceptive|discerning


word: ARTISTRY
russian_word: артистизм
example: the artistry of the pianist
definition: creative skill or ability.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtɪstri
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtɪstri
synonyms:
creative skill|creativity|art|skill|ability|accomplishment|talent|genius|brilliance|expertness|flair|proficiency|virtuosity|finesse|style|touch|expressiveness|perception|sensitivity|inspiration|poetry|eloquence|craftsmanship|workmanship


word: ARTY-CRAFTY
russian_word: вычурный
example: he mixed with the arty-crafty set
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
interested or involved in making decorative artistic objects, especially ones perceived as quaint or homespun.


word: ARUM
russian_word: аронник
origin: late Middle English: from Latin, from Greek aron .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɛːrəm
phonetics_text: ˈɛːrəm
definition:
a European plant which has arrow-shaped leaves and a broad leafy spathe enclosing a club-shaped spadix. Pollination is by small flies which are temporarily trapped by the plant.


word: ARYTENOID
russian_word: черпаловидный
example: the arytenoids obstructed the view of the glottis in seven patients
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌarɪˈtiːnɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˌarɪˈtiːnɔɪd
definition:
either of a pair of cartilages at the back of the larynx, used in the production of different kinds of voice quality (for example, creaky voice).

origin:
early 18th century: from modern Latin arytaenoides, from Greek arutainoeidēs, from arutaina ‘funnel’.


word: ASAFOETIDA
russian_word: асафетида
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌasəˈfiːtɪdə
phonetics_text: ˌasəˈfiːtɪdə|ˌasəˈfɛtɪdə
definition:
a fetid resinous gum obtained from the roots of a herbaceous plant, used in herbal medicine and Indian cooking.|a Eurasian plant of the parsley family, from which asafoetida gum is obtained.

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin, from asa (from Persian azā ‘mastic’) + foetida (see fetid).


word: AS A MATTER OF FACT
russian_word: на самом деле
example: as a matter of fact, I was talking to him this afternoon
definition: in reality (used especially to correct a falsehood or misunderstanding).
synonyms:
actually|in actual fact|in fact|in point of fact|as it happens|really|believe it or not|in reality|in truth|to tell the truth|truly


word: AS A RULE
russian_word: обычно
example: any architect knows that, as a rule, old buildings are more soundly built than new ones
definition: usually, but not always.
synonyms:
usually|generally|in general|normally|ordinarily|customarily|almost always|for the most part|on the whole|by and large|in the main|mainly|mostly|more often than not|commonly|typically|on average|in most cases


word: ASBESTOSIS
russian_word: асбестоз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌazbɛˈstəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌazbɛˈstəʊsɪs|ˌasbɛˈstəʊsɪs
definition:
a lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles, marked by severe fibrosis and a high risk of mesothelioma (cancer of the pleura).


word: ASCARID
russian_word: аскарида
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaskərɪd
phonetics_text: ˈaskərɪd
definition:
a parasitic nematode worm of a family ( Ascaridae ) whose members typically live in the intestines of vertebrates.

origin:
late 17th century: from modern Latin Ascaridae (plural), from Greek askarides, plural of askaris ‘intestinal worm’.


word: ASCEND
russian_word: взойти
example: she ascended the stairs|the lift ascended from his sight
definition: go up or climb.|rise or move up through the air.
antonyms: descend
origin: late Middle English: from Latin ascendere, from ad- ‘to’ + scandere ‘to climb’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsɛnd
phonetics_text: əˈsɛnd
synonyms:
climb (up)|come/go/move up|make one's/its way up|come/go/move upwards|rise (up)|arise|mount|scale|conquer|clamber up|scramble up|shin up|levitate|fly up|take to the air|take off|soar|slope upwards|loom|tower


word: ASCENDANCY
russian_word: господство
example: the ascendancy of good over evil
definition: occupation of a position of dominant power or influence.
antonyms: subordination
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛnd(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: əˈsɛnd(ə)nsi
synonyms:
dominance|domination|supremacy|superiority|predominance|pre-eminence|primacy|dominion|hegemony|authority|mastery|control|command|power|sway|rule|sovereignty|lordship|leadership|influence|the upper hand|the whip hand|the edge|advantage|predomination|paramountcy|prepotence|prepotency|prepollency


word: ASCENDER
russian_word: зажим
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛndə
phonetics_text: əˈsɛndə
definition:
a part of a letter that extends above the level of the top of an x (as in b and f ).|a device which can be clipped to a rope to act as a foothold or handhold, or to keep something in position.


word: ASCENT
russian_word: восхождение
example: the first ascent of the Matterhorn|the first balloon ascent was in 1783
antonyms: descent
synonyms: climb|scaling|conquest|scramble|clamber|trek
origin: late 16th century: from ascend, on the pattern of the pair of descend, descent .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛnt
phonetics_text: əˈsɛnt
definition:
a climb or walk to the summit of a mountain or hill.|an instance of rising or moving up through the air.


word: ASCERTAIN
russian_word: устанавливать
example: an attempt to ascertain the cause of the accident
definition: find (something) out for certain; make sure of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌasəˈteɪn
phonetics_text: ˌasəˈteɪn
synonyms:
find out|discover|get/come to know|work out|make out|fathom (out)|become aware of|learn|ferret out|dig out/up|establish|fix|determine|settle|decide|verify|make certain of|confirm|deduce|divine|intuit|diagnose|discern|perceive|see|realize|appreciate|identify|pin down|recognize|register|understand|grasp|take in|comprehend|figure out|get a fix on|latch on to|cotton on to|catch on to|tumble to|get|twig|suss (out)|savvy|cognize

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘assure, convince’): from Old French acertener, based on Latin certus ‘settled, sure’.


word: ASCETIC
russian_word: аскет
example: an ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and manual labour
antonyms: sybaritic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈsɛtɪk
phonetics_text: əˈsɛtɪk
definition:
characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.

synonyms:
austere|self-denying|abstinent|abstemious|non-indulgent|self-disciplined|frugal|simple|rigorous|strict|severe|hair-shirt|spartan|monastic|monkish|monklike|nunlike|reclusive|solitary|cloistered|eremitic|anchoritic|hermitic|celibate|continent|chaste|puritanical|self-abnegating|other-worldly|mortified

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin asceticus or Greek askētikos, from askētēs ‘monk’, from askein ‘to exercise’.


word: ASCETICISM
russian_word: аскетизм
example: acts of physical asceticism
definition: severe self-discipline and avoiding of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.
antonyms: sybaritism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛtɪsɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: əˈsɛtɪsɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
austerity|self-denial|abstinence|abstemiousness|non-indulgence|self-discipline|frugality|simplicity|rigour|strictness|severity|a hair shirt|a spartan life|monasticism|monkishness|reclusiveness|solitude|hermitism|celibacy|continence|chastity|puritanism|self-abnegation|other-worldliness|self-mortification|anchorism


word: ASCIDIAN
russian_word: асцидии
definition: a sea squirt.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɪdɪən
phonetics_text: əˈsɪdɪən
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin plural Ascidia (genus name), from Greek askidion, diminutive of askos ‘wineskin’.


word: ASCOMYCETE
russian_word: аскомицет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaskəˈmʌɪsiːt
phonetics_text: ˌaskəˈmʌɪsiːt
definition:
a fungus whose spores develop within asci (cylindrical sacs). They include most moulds, mildews, and yeasts, the fungal component of most lichens, and a few large forms such as morels and truffles.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Ascomycetes (former class name), from Greek askos ‘sac’ + mukētes ‘fungi’.


word: ASCRIBE
russian_word: приписывать
example: he ascribed Jane's short temper to her upset stomach
definition: regard something as being due to (a cause).
origin: Middle English: from Latin ascribere, from ad- ‘to’ + scribere ‘write’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈskrʌɪb
phonetics_text: əˈskrʌɪb
synonyms:
attribute|assign|put down|set down|accredit|credit|give the credit for|chalk up|impute|lay on|pin on|blame on|lay at the door of|connect with|associate with


word: ASEXUALITY
russian_word: асексуальность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: eɪsɛksʃʊˈalɪtiː
phonetics_text: eɪsɛksʃʊˈalɪtiː
example:
the show has regularly confronted prejudice around homosexuality and asexuality|asexuality is not always a negative factor that decreases the genetic diversity of populations

definition:
the quality or characteristic of having no sexual feelings or desires.|the quality of reproducing without the fusion of gametes.


word: ASEXUALLY
russian_word: бесполым
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: eɪˈsɛkʃ(ʊ)əli
phonetics_text: eɪˈsɛkʃ(ʊ)əli
example:
bacteria reproducing asexually double their numbers rapidly|they are living together asexually like a brother and sister

definition:
in a way that relates to reproduction without the fusion of gametes.|in a way that lacks sexual feelings or associations.


word: ASH
russian_word: пепел
example: cigarette ash
synonyms: cinders|ashes|embers|clinker
origin: Old English æsce, aexe, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch as and German Asche .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aʃ
phonetics_text: aʃ
definition:
the powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.|a trophy for the winner of a series of Test matches in a cricket season between England and Australia.


word: ASHEN
russian_word: пепельный
example: Eleanor's ashen face|the ashen colour of the landscape
definition: (of a person's face) very pale with shock, fear, or illness.|of or resembling ashes.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈaʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
pale|wan|pasty|grey|leaden|colourless|sallow|pallid|white|waxen|ghostly|pale-faced|ashen-faced|grey-faced|anaemic|bloodless|etiolated|lymphatic


word: ASIDE
russian_word: в сторону
example: he pushed his plate aside
definition: to one side; out of the way.
origin: Middle English (originally on side ): see a2, side.
part_of_speech: adverb|noun
phonetic: əˈsʌɪd
phonetics_text: əˈsʌɪd
synonyms:
to one side|to the side|on one side|alongside|apart|away|separately|alone|by oneself/itself|distant|detached|in isolation


word: ASIDE FROM
russian_word: помимо
example: aside from gain the commoner motives for murder are anger and jealousy
definition: apart from.
synonyms:
apart from|besides|in addition to|over and above|beyond|not counting|leaving aside|barring|other than|but (for)|excluding|not including|without|with the exception of|except|except for|excepting|omitting|leaving out|short of|save (for)


word: AS IF
russian_word: как будто
definition: as would be the case if.|I very much doubt it.
example:
she behaved as if he wasn't there|You know how lottery winners always say it won't change their lives? Yeah, as if!


word: ASININE
russian_word: ослиный
example: Lydia ignored his asinine remark
definition: extremely stupid or foolish.
antonyms: intelligent
origin: late 15th century: from Latin asininus, from asinus ‘ass’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈasɪnʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈasɪnʌɪn
synonyms:
stupid|foolish|pointless|brainless|mindless|senseless|doltish|idiotic|imbecilic|imbecile|insane|lunatic|ridiculous|ludicrous|absurd|preposterous|nonsensical|fatuous|silly|childish|infantile|puerile|immature|juvenile|inane|witless|half-baked|empty-headed|unintelligent|half-witted|slow-witted|weak-minded|crazy|dumb|cretinous|moronic|damfool|divvy|daft|gormless|glaikit|dumb-ass|chowderheaded|dof|dotish


word: ASK
russian_word: просить
example: I asked her what she meant|Mary asked her father for money|it's about time we asked Pam to dinner
antonyms: answer
origin: Old English āscian, āhsian, āxian, of West Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ɑːsk
phonetics_text: ɑːsk
definition:
say something in order to obtain an answer or some information.|say to (someone) that one wants them to do or give something.|invite (someone) to one's home or a function.

synonyms:
inquire (of)|query|want to know|question|put a question to|interrogate|quiz|cross-question|cross-examine|catechize|grill|pump|give the third degree to|put|put forward|pose|raise|submit|propose|seek/get the answer to


word: ASKANCE
russian_word: косо
example: the reformers looked askance at the mystical tradition
definition: with an attitude or look of suspicion or disapproval.
antonyms: welcomingly|approvingly
origin: late 15th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈskans
phonetics_text: əˈskans|əˈskɑːns
synonyms:
suspiciously|with suspicion|sceptically|with misgivings|cynically|mistrustfully|distrustfully|with distrust|doubtfully|dubiously|with doubt|disapprovingly|with disapproval|with disfavour|contemptuously|scornfully|disdainfully|suspect|mistrust|distrust|disapprove of|frown on|be hostile towards


word: ASKARI
russian_word: аскари
origin: late 19th century: from Arabic ‘askarī ‘soldier’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈskɑːri
phonetics_text: əˈskɑːri
definition:
(in East Africa) a soldier or police officer.|a member of the ANC who changed sides and joined the apartheid government's police force.


word: ASKEW
russian_word: косо
example: her hat was slightly askew
definition: not in a straight or level position.
antonyms: straight|symmetrical
origin: mid 16th century: from a-2 ‘on’ + skew.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈskjuː
phonetics_text: əˈskjuː
synonyms:
crooked|lopsided|tilted|angled|oblique|skew|skewed|slanted|aslant|awry|uneven|asymmetrical|unsymmetrical|squint|thrawn|cock-eyed|skew-whiff|wonky|squiffy


word: ASLEEP
russian_word: спящий
example: she had been asleep for over three hours
definition: in a state of sleep.
antonyms: awake
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsliːp
phonetics_text: əˈsliːp
synonyms:
sleeping|fast asleep|sound asleep|slumbering|napping|catnapping|dozing|resting|reposing|drowsing|dormant|comatose|snoozing|dead to the world|flat out|kipping|out like a light|in the land of Nod|in the arms of Morpheus


word: ASPECT
russian_word: аспект
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈaspɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈaspɛkt
example:
personal effectiveness in all aspects of life|a greenhouse with a southern aspect|the semantics of tense and aspect

definition:
a particular part or feature of something.|the positioning of a building or other structure in a particular direction.|a category or form which expresses the way in which time is denoted by a verb.

synonyms:
feature|facet|side|characteristic|particular|detail|point|ingredient|strand|angle|slant|sense|respect|regard

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action or a way of looking): from Latin aspectus, from aspicere ‘look at’, from ad- ‘to, at’ + specere ‘to look’.


word: ASPECTUAL
russian_word: аспектуальная
example: aspectual affixes|two or more planets in an aspectual relationship
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: aˈspɛktʃʊəl
phonetics_text: aˈspɛktʃʊəl
definition:
relating to or denoting a category or form that expresses the way in which time is denoted by a verb.|denoting an angular relationship between celestial bodies or points on the ecliptic.


word: ASPERITY
russian_word: неровность
example: he pointed this out with some asperity
definition: harshness of tone or manner.
antonyms: mildness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈspɛrɪti
phonetics_text: əˈspɛrɪti
synonyms:
harshness|sharpness|roughness|abrasiveness|severity|acerbity|astringency|bitterness|acidity|tartness|edge|acrimony|virulence|sarcasm

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘hardship, rigour’): from Old French asperite, or Latin asperitas, from asper ‘rough’.


word: ASPHODEL
russian_word: златоцветник
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek asphodelos ; compare with daffodil.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasfədɛl
phonetics_text: ˈasfədɛl
definition:
a Eurasian plant of the lily family, typically having long slender leaves and flowers borne on a spike.|an everlasting flower said to grow in the Elysian fields.


word: ASPHYXIATION
russian_word: удушение
example: the cause of death was asphyxiation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əsfɪksɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əsfɪksɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the state or process of being deprived of oxygen, which can result in unconsciousness or death; suffocation.


word: ASPIC
russian_word: заливное
example: chicken in aspic
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaspɪk
phonetics_text: ˈaspɪk
definition:
a savoury jelly made with meat stock, set in a mould and used to contain pieces of meat, seafood, or eggs.

origin:
late 18th century: from French, literally ‘asp’, from the colours of the jelly as compared with those of the snake.


word: ASPIDISTRA
russian_word: аспидистра
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaspɪˈdɪstrə
phonetics_text: ˌaspɪˈdɪstrə
definition:
a bulbous plant of the lily family with broad tapering leaves, native to eastern Asia and widely grown as a houseplant.

origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek aspis, aspid- ‘shield’ (because of the shape of the stigma), on the pattern of Tupistra, a related genus.


word: ASPIRATE
russian_word: произносить с придыханием
example: some drowning victims don't aspirate any water
definition: breathe (something) in; inhale.
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective
phonetic:
mid 16th century (as an adjective): from Latin aspiratus ‘breathed’, past participle of aspirare (see aspire).


word: ASPIRATED
russian_word: аспирированный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈaspəreɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈaspəreɪtɪd
example:
the aspirated allophone of p occurs in ‘pie’|the superchargers produce twice the power of standard aspirated engines

definition:
(of a sound) pronounced with an exhalation of breath.|(of an engine) supplied with air, especially without the use of supercharging or turbocharging.


word: ASPIRATION
russian_word: стремление
example: the needs and aspirations of the people|there is no aspiration if the syllable begins with s
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: aspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a hope or ambition of achieving something.|the action or process of drawing breath.|the action of pronouncing a sound with an exhalation of breath.

synonyms:
desire|hope|longing|yearning|hankering|urge|wish|aim|ambition|expectation|inclination|objective|goal|target|end|object|dream|yen|itch

origin:
late Middle English (in aspiration (sense 3)): from Latin aspiratio(n- ), from the verb aspirare (see aspire).


word: ASPIRE
russian_word: стремиться
definition: direct one's hopes or ambitions towards achieving something.|rise high; tower.
antonyms: feckless
origin: late Middle English: from French aspirer or Latin aspirare, from ad- ‘to’ + spirare ‘breathe’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈspʌɪə
phonetics_text: əˈspʌɪə
example:
we never thought that we might aspire to those heights|above the domes of loftiest mosques these pinnacles aspire

synonyms:
desire (to)|aim for/to|hope for/to|long for/to|yearn for/to|hanker after/for/to|set one's heart on|wish for/to|want (to)|expect (to)|have the objective of|dream of|hunger for/to|seek (to)|pursue|have as one's goal/aim|set one's sights on|be ambitious|thirst for/after|be desirous of|would-be|intending|aspirant|hopeful|optimistic|budding|wishful|potential|possible|prospective|likely|future|ambitious|eager|keen|striving|determined|enterprising|pioneering|progressive|motivated|driven|enthusiastic|energetic|zealous|committed|go-ahead|go-getting|purposeful|wannabe|on the make|expectant


word: ASPORTATION
russian_word: унос
origin: late 15th century: from Latin asportatio(n- ), from asportare ‘carry away’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aspɔːˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: aspɔːˈteɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the detachment, movement, or carrying away of property, formerly an essential component of the crime of larceny.


word: ASSAIL
russian_word: нападать
example: the Scots army assailed Edward's army from the rear
definition: make a concerted or violent attack on.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈseɪl
phonetics_text: əˈseɪl
synonyms:
attack|assault|make an assault on|launch an attack on|pounce on|set upon|launch oneself at|weigh into|fly at|let fly at|turn on|round on|lash out at|hit out at|beset|belabour|fall on|accost|mug|charge|rush|storm|besiege|lay into|tear into|lace into|sail into|pitch into|get stuck into|wade into|let someone have it|beat up|jump|set about|have a go at|light into

origin:
Middle English: from Old French asaill-, stressed stem of asalir, from medieval Latin assalire, from Latin assilire, from ad- ‘to’ + salire ‘to leap’; compare with assault.


word: ASSART
russian_word: выкорчевывать
example: an assart cut from the woods a few years back
definition: a piece of land converted from forest to arable use.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈsɑːt
phonetics_text: əˈsɑːt
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Old French essarter, from medieval Latin ex(s)artare, based on ex ‘out’ + sar(r)ire ‘to weed’. The verb dates from the early 16th century.


word: ASSASSIN
russian_word: убийца
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsasɪn
phonetics_text: əˈsasɪn
definition:
a person who murders an important person for political or religious reasons.|a member of the Nizari branch of Ismaili Muslims at the time of the Crusades, when the newly established sect ruled part of northern Persia (1094–1256). They were renowned as militant fanatics, and were popularly reputed to use hashish before going on murder missions.

synonyms:
murderer|killer|executioner|gunman|butcher|slaughterer|liquidator|exterminator|terminator|hitman|contract man|hired gun|button man|slayer|homicide

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, or from medieval Latin assassinus, from Arabic ḥašīšī ‘hashish-eater’.


word: ASSASSINATION
russian_word: убийство
example: a failed assassination attempt
definition: the action of assassinating someone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˌsasɪˈneɪʃn
phonetics_text: əˌsasɪˈneɪʃn
synonyms:
murder|killing|political execution|slaughter|butchery|homicide|liquidation|elimination|extermination|termination|putting/doing to death|martyrdom|hit|slaying


word: ASSAULT
russian_word: нападение
example: he pleaded guilty to assaulting a police officer
definition: make a physical attack on.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈsɔːlt
phonetics_text: əˈsɔːlt|əˈsɒlt
synonyms:
hit|strike|physically attack|aim blows at|slap|smack|beat|thrash|spank|thump|thwack|punch|cuff|swat|knock|rap|pummel|pound|batter|pelt|welt|cane|lash|whip|club|cudgel|box someone's ears|clout|wallop|belt|whack|bash|clobber|bop|biff|sock|deck|slug|plug|knock about|knock around|lay into|do over|rough up|quilt|smite|sexually assault|abuse|molest|rape|interfere with

origin:
Middle English: from Old French asaut (noun), assauter (verb), based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + saltare, frequentative of salire ‘to leap’. Compare with assail.


word: ASSEMBLAGE
russian_word: сборка
example: a loose assemblage of diverse groups
definition: a collection or gathering of things or people.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛmblɪdʒ
phonetics_text: əˈsɛmblɪdʒ
synonyms:
collection|accumulation|conglomeration|gathering|group|cluster|aggregation|raft|mass|medley|assortment|selection|jumble|series|complete series|batch|number|combination|grouping|arrangement|array


word: ASSEMBLE
russian_word: собирать
antonyms: disperse
origin: Middle English: from Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsɛmb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈsɛmb(ə)l
example:
a crowd had assembled outside the gates|my new machine is being assembled and my old one dismantled|assemble the program and produce a file suitable to input to the simulator

definition:
(of people) gather together in one place for a common purpose.|fit together the separate component parts of (a machine or other object).|translate (a program) from a higher-level programming language into machine code.

synonyms:
come together|get together|gather|collect|meet|muster|rally|congregate|convene|flock together|foregather


word: ASSEMBLY
russian_word: сборка
example: an assembly of dockers and labourers|a decree guaranteeing freedom of assembly|a car assembly plant
antonyms: dismantling
origin: Middle English: from Old French asemblee, feminine past participle of asembler (see assemble).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛmbli
phonetics_text: əˈsɛmbli
definition:
a group of people gathered together in one place for a common purpose.|the action of gathering together as a group for a common purpose.|the action of fitting together the component parts of a machine or other object.|the conversion of instructions in low-level code to machine code.

synonyms:
gathering|meeting|congregation|convention|rally|convocation|congress|council|synod|audience|assemblage|turnout|group|body|crowd|throng|company|get-together


word: ASSENT
russian_word: согласие
example: a loud murmur of assent
definition: the expression of approval or agreement.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈsɛnt
phonetics_text: əˈsɛnt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French as(s)enter (verb), as(s)ente (noun), based on Latin assentire, from ad- ‘towards’ + sentire ‘feel, think’.


word: ASSERTION
russian_word: утверждение
example: his assertion that his father had deserted the family
definition: a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin assertio(n- ), from the verb asserere (see assert).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈsəːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
declaration|contention|statement|claim|submission|postulation|averment|opinion|proclamation|announcement|pronouncement|assurance|attestation|affirmation|protestation|profession|swearing|insistence|avowal|maintenance|asseveration


word: ASSERTIVE
russian_word: напористый
example: the job may call for assertive behaviour
definition: having or showing a confident and forceful personality.
antonyms: retiring
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsəːtɪv
phonetics_text: əˈsəːtɪv
synonyms:
confident|forceful|self-confident|positive|bold|decisive|assured|self-assured|self-possessed|believing in oneself|self-assertive|authoritative|strong-willed|insistent|firm|determined|commanding|bullish|dominant|domineering|assaultive|feisty|not backward in coming forward|pushy|pushful


word: ASSESS
russian_word: оценивать
example: the committee must assess the relative importance of the issues
definition: evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsɛs
phonetics_text: əˈsɛs
synonyms:
evaluate|judge|gauge|rate|estimate|appraise|form an opinion of|check out|form an impression of|make up one's mind about|get the measure of|determine|weigh up|analyse|size up

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French assesser, based on Latin assidere ‘sit by’ (in medieval Latin ‘levy tax’), from ad- ‘to, at’ + sedere ‘sit’. Compare with assize.


word: ASSESSMENT
russian_word: оценка
example: the assessment of educational needs
definition: the action of assessing someone or something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɛsmənt
phonetics_text: əˈsɛsmənt
synonyms:
evaluation|judgement|gauging|rating|estimation|appraisal|opinion|analysis|valuation|calculation|computation|costing|pricing|estimate


word: ASSET
russian_word: актив
example: quick reflexes were his chief assets
definition: a useful or valuable thing or person.
antonyms: liability|handicap
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasɛt
phonetics_text: ˈasɛt
synonyms:
benefit|advantage|blessing|good point|strong point|strength|forte|talent|gift|strong suit|long suit|virtue|recommendation|attraction|attractive feature|selling point|resource|beauty|boon|value|merit|bonus|aid|help|saving grace|redeeming feature|compensating feature|plus|pro

origin:
mid 16th century (in the plural in the sense ‘sufficient estate to allow discharge of a will’): from an Anglo-Norman French legal term, from Old French asez ‘enough’, based on Latin ad ‘to’ + satis ‘enough’.


word: ASSIDUOUS
russian_word: усердный
example: she was assiduous in pointing out every feature
definition: showing great care and perseverance.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin assiduus, from assidere ‘be engaged in doing’ (see assess), + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsɪdjʊəs
phonetics_text: əˈsɪdjʊəs
synonyms:
diligent|careful|meticulous|thorough|sedulous|attentive|industrious|laborious|hard-working|conscientious|ultra-careful|punctilious|painstaking|demanding|exacting|persevering|unflagging|searching|close|elaborate|minute|accurate|correct|studious|rigorous|particular|religious|strict|pedantic|fussy


word: ASSIGN
russian_word: назначать
synonyms: allocate|allot|give|set|charge with|entrust with
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈsʌɪn
phonetics_text: əˈsʌɪn
example:
Congress had assigned the task to the agency|managers happily assign large sums of money to travel budgets|they will ask you to assign your rights against the airline

definition:
allocate (a job or duty).|designate or set (something) aside for a specific purpose.|transfer (legal rights or liabilities).

origin:
Middle English: from Old French asigner, assiner, from Latin assignare, from ad- ‘to’ + signare ‘to sign’.


word: ASSIGNATION
russian_word: передача
synonyms: rendezvous|date|appointment|meeting|tweetup|tryst
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: asɪɡˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: asɪɡˈneɪʃ(ə)n
example:
his assignation with an older woman|this document explains the principles governing the assignation of lexical units to lexemes

definition:
an appointment to meet someone in secret, typically one made by lovers.|the allocation or attribution of someone or something as belonging to something.

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘command, appointment to office, or allotment of revenue’): via Old French from Latin assignatio(n- ), from the verb assignare (see assign).


word: ASSIGNMENT
russian_word: назначение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsʌɪnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈsʌɪnm(ə)nt
example:
a homework assignment|the assignment of individuals to particular social positions|an assignment of leasehold property

definition:
a task or piece of work allocated to someone as part of a job or course of study.|the allocation of someone or something as belonging to a particular group or category.|an act of making a legal transfer of a right or liability.

synonyms:
task|piece of work|piece of business|job|duty|chore|charge|labour|function|commission|mission|errand|engagement|occupation|undertaking|exercise|business|office|responsibility|detail|endeavour|enterprise|piece of research|project|homework|prep

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French assignement, from medieval Latin assignamentum, from Latin assignare ‘allot’ (see assign).


word: ASSIMILATE
russian_word: ассимилировать
example: Marie tried to assimilate the week's events|philosophers had assimilated thought to perception
definition: take in and understand fully (information or ideas).|regard as similar; liken.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsɪmɪleɪt
phonetics_text: əˈsɪmɪleɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin assimilat- ‘absorbed, incorporated’, from the verb assimilare, from ad- ‘to’ + similis ‘like’.


word: ASSIST
russian_word: помощь
example: a senior academic would assist him in his work
definition: help (someone), typically by doing a share of the work.
antonyms: hinder
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈsɪst
phonetics_text: əˈsɪst
synonyms:
help|aid|abet|lend a (helping) hand to|give assistance to|be of use to|oblige|accommodate|serve|be of service to|do someone a service|do someone a favour|do someone a good turn|bail someone out|come to someone's rescue|cooperate with|collaborate with|work with|succour|encourage|support|back|back up|second|be a tower of strength to|pitch in with|save someone's bacon|save someone's skin|give someone a leg up|muck in with|get stuck in with

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French assister, from Latin assistere ‘take one's stand by’, from ad- ‘to, at’ + sistere ‘take one's stand’.


word: ASSISTANCE
russian_word: помощь
example: the work was completed with the assistance of carpenters
definition: the action of helping someone by sharing work.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɪst(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈsɪst(ə)ns
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from medieval Latin assistentia, from Latin assistere (see assist).


word: ASSISTANT
russian_word: помощник
example: the managing director and his assistant
definition: a person who ranks below a senior person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɪst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈsɪst(ə)nt
synonyms:
subordinate|deputy|auxiliary|second|second in command|number two|lieutenant|right-hand man|right-hand woman|wingman|aide|personal assistant|PA|attendant|mate|apprentice|junior|henchman|underling|hired hand|hired help|servant|helper|aider|colleague|associate|partner|confederate|accomplice|collaborator|accessory|abetter|supporter|backer|vice|man/girl Friday|sidekick|running dog|gofer|gopher|dogsbody|poodle|skivvy|body man

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from medieval Latin assistent- ‘taking one's stand beside’, from the verb assistere (see assist).


word: ASSISTANTSHIP
russian_word: должность ассистента на неполной ставке
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɪstəntʃɪp
phonetics_text: əˈsɪstəntʃɪp
definition:
a paid academic appointment made to a graduate student that involves part-time teaching or research.


word: ASSOCIATE
russian_word: ассоциированный
example: I associated wealth with freedom
definition: connect (someone or something) with something else in one's mind.
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective
synonyms:
link|connect|couple|relate|identify|equate|bracket|think of together|think of in connection with|draw a parallel with|mention in the same breath as|set side by side with

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘join with in a common purpose’; as an adjective in the sense ‘allied’): from Latin associat- ‘joined’, from the verb associare, from ad- ‘to’ + socius ‘sharing, allied’.


word: ASSOCIATED
russian_word: связано
example: two associated events
definition: (of a person or thing) connected with something else.
antonyms: unrelated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd
synonyms:
related|connected|linked|correlated|analogous|similar|alike|kindred|corresponding|attendant|accompanying|auxiliary|accessory|incidental|cognate


word: ASSOCIATION
russian_word: ассоциация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əsəʊʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əsəʊʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n|əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the National Association of Probation Officers|he developed a close association with the university|the word bureaucracy has unpleasant associations

definition:
(often in names) a group of people organized for a joint purpose.|a connection or cooperative link between people or organizations.|a mental connection between things.

synonyms:
alliance|consortium|coalition|union|league|guild|syndicate|corporation|federation|confederation|confederacy|conglomerate|cooperative|partnership|amalgamation|merger|body|group|ring|circle|trust|company|organization|affiliation|society|club|band|brotherhood|fraternity|sorority|clique|cartel|consociation|sodality

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘uniting in a common purpose’): from medieval Latin associatio(n- ), from Latin associare ‘to unite, ally’ (see associate).


word: ASSOCIATIONISM
russian_word: ассоцианизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃnɪzəm
phonetics_text: əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃnɪzəm
definition:
a theory in philosophy or psychology which regards the simple association or co-occurrence of ideas or sensations as the primary basis of meaning, thought, or learning.


word: ASSORTATIVE
russian_word: ассортативное
example: assortative mating
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsɔːtətɪv
phonetics_text: əˈsɔːtətɪv
definition:
denoting or involving the preferential mating of animals or marriage between people with similar characteristics.


word: ASSORTED
russian_word: сортированный
example: bowls in assorted colours
definition: of various sorts put together; miscellaneous.
antonyms: similar|identical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈsɔːtɪd
phonetics_text: əˈsɔːtɪd
synonyms:
mixed|varied|variegated|varying|various|miscellaneous|diverse|diversified|eclectic|manifold|multifarious|multitudinous|motley|sundry|heterogeneous|disparate|different|differing|dissimilar|divers|farraginous


word: ASSORTMENT
russian_word: ассортимент
example: the room was filled with an assortment of clothes
definition: a miscellaneous collection of things or people.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsɔːtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈsɔːtm(ə)nt
synonyms:
mixture|variety|array|mixed bag|mix|miscellany|random selection|motley collection|selection|medley|melange|diversity|mishmash|hotchpotch|hodgepodge|ragbag|pot-pourri|jumble|mess|confusion|conglomeration|farrago|patchwork|hash|gallimaufry|omnium gatherum|olio|olla podrida|salmagundi|macédoine|motley


word: ASSUAGE
russian_word: успокаивать
example: the letter assuaged the fears of most members
definition: make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense.
antonyms: aggravate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsweɪdʒ
phonetics_text: əˈsweɪdʒ
synonyms:
relieve|ease|alleviate|soothe|mitigate|dampen|allay|calm|palliate|abate|lull|temper|suppress|smother|stifle|subdue|tranquillize|mollify|moderate|modify|tone down|attenuate|dilute|lessen|diminish|decrease|reduce|lower|put an end to|put a stop to|take the edge off|kill|lenify

origin:
Middle English: from Old French assouagier, asouagier, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ (expressing change) + suavis ‘sweet’.


word: ASSUME
russian_word: считать
origin: late Middle English: from Latin assumere, from ad- ‘towards’ + sumere ‘take’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈsjuːm
phonetics_text: əˈsjuːm
example:
topics which assume detailed knowledge of local events|he assumed full responsibility for all organizational work|militant activity had assumed epidemic proportions

definition:
suppose to be the case, without proof.|take or begin to have (power or responsibility).|begin to have (a specified quality, appearance, or extent).

synonyms:
presume|suppose|take it|take for granted|take as read|take it as given|presuppose|conjecture|surmise|conclude|come to the conclusion|deduce|infer|draw the inference|reckon|reason|guess|imagine|think|fancy|suspect|expect|accept|believe|be of the opinion|understand|be given to understand|gather|glean|figure|opine|ween


word: ASSUMPTION
russian_word: предположение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n
example:
they made certain assumptions about the market|the assumption of an active role in regional settlements

definition:
a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.|the action of taking on power or responsibility.|the reception of the Virgin Mary bodily into heaven. This was formally declared a doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church in 1950.|arrogance or presumption.

synonyms:
supposition|presupposition|presumption|premise|belief|expectation|conjecture|speculation|surmise|guess|theory|hypothesis|postulation|conclusion|deduction|inference|thought|suspicion|notion|impression|fancy|guesswork|guessing|reckoning|guesstimate

origin:
Middle English (in assumption (sense 3)): from Old French asompsion or Latin assumptio(n- ), from the verb assumere (see assume).


word: ASSURANCE
russian_word: уверенность
example: he gave an assurance that work would begin on Monday|she drove with assurance
antonyms: self-doubt|nervousness
origin: late Middle English (in assurance (sense 2)): from Old French, from assurer ‘assure’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈʃʊər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: əˈʃʊər(ə)ns
definition:
a positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise.|confidence or certainty in one's own abilities.|insurance, specifically life insurance.

synonyms:
word of honour|word|guarantee|promise|pledge|vow|avowal|oath|bond|affirmation|undertaking|commitment|troth|parole


word: ASSURE
russian_word: гарантировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈʃʊə
phonetics_text: əˈʃʊə|əˈʃɔː
example:
Tony assured me that there was a supermarket in the village|victory was now assured|we guarantee to assure your life

definition:
tell someone something positively to dispel any doubts.|make (something) certain to happen.|cover (a life) by assurance.

synonyms:
reassure|convince|satisfy|persuade|guarantee|promise|tell|prove to|certify to|attest to|confirm to|affirm to|pledge to|swear to|give one's word to|give one's assurance to|vow to|declare to

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French assurer, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ (expressing change) + securus (see secure).


word: ASSURED
russian_word: гарантированный
example: an extremely assured performance|an assured tenancy
definition: confident.|protected against discontinuance or change.
antonyms: doubtful|nervous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈʃʊəd
phonetics_text: əˈʃʊəd
synonyms:
self-confident|confident|self-assured|sure of oneself|positive|assertive|self-possessed|self-reliant|poised|filled with aplomb|phlegmatic|level-headed|cool-headed|calm|collected|cool|and collected|composed|nonchalant|unperturbed|imperturbable|unruffled|impassive|serene|tranquil|relaxed|at ease|unflappable|together|unfazed|laid-back|nonplussed|equanimous


word: ASTATIC
russian_word: астатический
origin: early 19th century: from Greek astatos ‘unstable’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈstatɪk
phonetics_text: əˈstatɪk
definition:
(of a system or instrument) consisting of or employing a combination of magnets suspended in a uniform magnetic field on a single wire or thread in such a way that no torque is present.


word: ASTATINE
russian_word: астатин
origin: 1940s: from Greek astatos ‘unstable’ + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈastətiːn
phonetics_text: ˈastətiːn
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 85, a radioactive member of the halogen group. Astatine was first produced by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles, and it occurs in traces in nature as a decay product.


word: ASTER
russian_word: астра
origin: early 17th century (in the sense ‘a star’): via Latin from Greek astēr ‘star’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈastə
phonetics_text: ˈastə
definition:
a plant of a large genus that includes the Michaelmas daisy, typically having purple or pink rayed flowers.|a radiating array of microtubules associated with a centrosome in a dividing cell.


word: ASTERISM
russian_word: астеризм
origin: late 16th century: from Greek asterismos, from astēr ‘star’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈastərɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈastərɪz(ə)m
definition:
a prominent pattern or group of stars that is smaller than a constellation.|a group of three asterisks (⁂) drawing attention to a piece of text.


word: ASTHENOSPHERE
russian_word: астеносферой
origin: early 20th century: from Greek asthenēs ‘weak’ + sphere.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əsˈθɛnəsfɪə
phonetics_text: əsˈθɛnəsfɪə
definition:
the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.


word: ASTHMA
russian_word: астма
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin asma, from Greek asthma, from azein ‘breathe hard’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasmə
phonetics_text: ˈasmə
definition:
a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is usually connected to allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.


word: ASTIGMATISM
russian_word: астигматизм
origin: mid 19th century: from a-1 ‘without’ + Greek stigma ‘point’ + -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈstɪɡmətɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: əˈstɪɡmətɪz(ə)m
definition:
a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus.


word: ASTILBE
russian_word: Астилб
definition: an Old World plant of the saxifrage family, with plumes of tiny white, pink, or red flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈstɪlbi
phonetics_text: əˈstɪlbi
origin:
modern Latin, from Greek a- ‘not’ + stilbē, feminine of stilbos ‘glittering’ (because the individual flowers are small and inconspicuous).


word: ASTONISH
russian_word: удивлять
example: you never fail to astonish me
definition: surprise or impress (someone) greatly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈstɒnɪʃ
phonetics_text: əˈstɒnɪʃ
synonyms:
amaze|astound|stagger|surprise|startle|stun|confound|dumbfound|stupefy|daze|nonplus|throw|shake|unnerve|disconcert|discompose|bewilder|take someone's breath away|take by surprise|take aback|shake up|stop someone in their tracks|strike dumb|leave open-mouthed|leave aghast|catch off balance|flabbergast|floor|knock for six|knock sideways|knock out|knock the stuffing out of|bowl over|blow someone's mind|blow away|amazed|filled with astonishment|filled with amazement|astounded|staggered|surprised|startled|stunned|thunderstruck|aghast|taken aback|confounded|dumbfounded|stupefied|dazed|nonplussed|dumbstruck|open-mouthed|agape|lost for words|wide-eyed|awed|filled with awe|filled with wonder|awestruck|wonderstruck|shaken|shaken up|unnerved|disconcerted|discomposed|bewildered|bemused|flabbergasted|flummoxed|floored|knocked for six|bowled over|blown away|gobsmacked|amazing|astounding|staggering|shocking|surprising|breathtaking|striking|impressive|bewildering|stunning|stupefying|unnerving|unsettling|disturbing|disquieting|awe-inspiring|remarkable|notable|noteworthy|extraordinary|outstanding|incredible|unbelievable|phenomenal|uncommon|unheard of|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|hard to swallow|amazeballs

origin:
early 16th century (as astonished, in the sense ‘stunned, bewildered, dismayed’): from obsolete astone ‘stun, stupefy’, from Old French estoner, based on Latin ex- ‘out’ + tonare ‘to thunder’.


word: ASTONISHMENT
russian_word: изумление
example: she looked at him in astonishment
definition: great surprise.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈstɒnɪʃmənt
phonetics_text: əˈstɒnɪʃmənt
synonyms:
amazement|surprise|shock|stupefaction|bafflement|bewilderment|confusion|perplexity|incredulity|disbelief|dismay|consternation|speechlessness|awe|wonder|wonderment


word: ASTOUND
russian_word: поражать
example: her bluntness astounded him
definition: shock or greatly surprise.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈstaʊnd
phonetics_text: əˈstaʊnd
synonyms:
amaze|astonish|stagger|surprise|startle|stun|confound|dumbfound|stupefy|daze|nonplus|throw|shake|unnerve|disconcert|discompose|bewilder|take someone's breath away|take by surprise|take aback|shake up|stop someone in their tracks|strike dumb|leave open-mouthed|leave aghast|catch off balance|flabbergast|floor|knock for six|knock someone sideways|knock out|knock the stuffing out of|bowl over|blow someone's mind|blow away

origin:
Middle English (as an adjective in the sense ‘stunned’): from astoned, past participle of obsolete astone (see astonish).


word: ASTOUNDING
russian_word: поразительный
example: the summit offers astounding views
definition: surprisingly impressive or notable.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈstaʊndɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈstaʊndɪŋ
synonyms:
amazing|astonishing|staggering|shocking|surprising|breathtaking|striking|impressive|bewildering|stunning|stupefying|unnerving|unsettling|disturbing|disquieting|awe-inspiring|remarkable|notable|noteworthy|extraordinary|outstanding|incredible|unbelievable|phenomenal|uncommon|unheard of|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|hard to swallow|amazeballs


word: ASTRAGAL
russian_word: астрагал
origin: mid 17th century: from astragalus, partly via French astragale .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈastrəɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈastrəɡ(ə)l
definition:
a moulding or wooden strip of semicircular cross section.|a bar separating panes of glass in cabinetmaking.


word: ASTRAY
russian_word: заблудившись
example: we went astray but a man redirected us|he was led astray by boozy colleagues
definition: away from the correct path or direction.|into error or morally questionable behaviour.
synonyms: off target|wide of the mark|wide|awry|off course|off track|off the right track|adrift|off beam
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: əˈstreɪ
phonetics_text: əˈstreɪ
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘distant from the correct path’): from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French estraie, past participle of estraier, based on Latin extra ‘out of bounds’ + vagari ‘wander’.


word: ASTRINGENT
russian_word: вяжущий
synonyms: constricting|contracting|constrictive|constringent|styptic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈstrɪn(d)ʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈstrɪn(d)ʒ(ə)nt
example:
an astringent skin lotion|fresh blackcurrants have a rather astringent flavour|his subversive and astringent humour

definition:
causing the contraction of skin cells and other body tissues.|(of taste or smell) slightly acidic or bitter.|sharp or severe in manner or style.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, from Latin astringent- ‘pulling tight’, from the verb astringere, from ad- ‘towards’ + stringere ‘bind, pull tight’.


word: ASTROLABE
russian_word: астролябия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈastrəleɪb
phonetics_text: ˈastrəleɪb
definition:
an instrument used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French astrelabe, from medieval Latin astrolabium, from Greek astrolabon, neuter of astrolabos ‘star-taking’.


word: ASTROLOGY
russian_word: астрология
synonyms: horoscopy|stargazing|horoscopes|astromancy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈstrɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: əˈstrɒlədʒi
definition:
the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French astrologie, from Latin astrologia, from Greek, from astron ‘star’.


word: ASTUTE
russian_word: проницательный
example: an astute businessman
antonyms: stupid
origin: early 17th century: from obsolete French astut or Latin astutus, from astus ‘craft’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈstjuːt
phonetics_text: əˈstjuːt
definition:
having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.

synonyms:
shrewd|sharp|sharp-witted|razor-sharp|acute|quick|quick-witted|ingenious|clever|intelligent|bright|brilliant|smart|canny|media-savvy|intuitive|discerning|perceptive|perspicacious|penetrating|insightful|incisive|piercing|discriminating|sagacious|wise|judicious|cunning|artful|crafty|wily|calculating|on the ball|quick off the mark|quick on the uptake|brainy|streetwise|savvy|suss|pawky|heads-up|whip-smart|long-headed|argute|sapient


word: AS WELL
russian_word: также
example: the museum provides hours of fun and a few surprises as well|I may as well have a look
definition: in addition; too.|with equal reason or an equally good result.
synonyms:
too|also|in addition|additionally|into the bargain|besides|furthermore|moreover|to boot|together with|in addition to|along with|plus|and|coupled with|with|over and above|on top of|over and beyond|not to mention|to say nothing of|let alone


word: ASYLUM
russian_word: убежище
example: she applied for asylum and was granted refugee status|he'd been committed to an asylum
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈsʌɪləm
phonetics_text: əˈsʌɪləm
definition:
the protection granted by a state to someone who has left their home country as a political refugee.|an institution for the care of people who are mentally ill.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘place of refuge’, especially for criminals): via Latin from Greek asulon ‘refuge’, from asulos ‘inviolable’, from a- ‘without’ + sulon ‘right of seizure’. Current senses date from the 18th century.


word: ASYMMETRICAL
russian_word: асимметричный
example: the church has an asymmetrical plan with an aisle only on one side
antonyms: symmetrical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪsɪˈmɛtrɪkl
phonetics_text: eɪsɪˈmɛtrɪkl
definition:
having parts that fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

synonyms:
lopsided|unsymmetrical|crooked|uneven|unbalanced|off-balance|off-centre|to one side|awry|askew|skew|skewed|squint|tilted|tilting|misaligned|sloping|slanted|aslant|out of true|out of line|disproportionate|unequal|misproportioned|ill-proportioned|ill-shaped|misshapen|irregular|distorted|out of shape|malformed|formless|agley|thrawn|cock-eyed|skew-whiff|wonky|squiffy


word: ASYMPTOTE
russian_word: асимптота
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈasɪm(p)təʊt
phonetics_text: ˈasɪm(p)təʊt
definition:
a straight line that continually approaches a given curve but does not meet it at any finite distance.

origin:
mid 17th century: from modern Latin asymptota (linea ) ‘(line) not meeting’, from Greek asumptōtos ‘not falling together’, from a- ‘not’ + sun ‘together’ + ptōtos ‘apt to fall’ (from piptein ‘to fall’).


word: ATACTIC
russian_word: некоординированный
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek ataktos, from a- ‘not’ + taktos ‘arranged’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈtaktɪk
phonetics_text: əˈtaktɪk
definition:
(of a polymer or polymer structure) in which the repeating units have no regular stereochemical configuration.


word: AT HEART
russian_word: в душе
example: he's a good lad at heart
definition: in one's real nature, in contrast to how one may appear.
antonyms: superficially
synonyms:
basically|fundamentally|essentially|at bottom|deep down|in essence|intrinsically|innately|really|actually|truly|in fact|in truth|au fond|when you get right down to it


word: ATHEISM
russian_word: атеизм
definition: disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or gods.
antonyms: belief|faith
origin: late 16th century: from French athéisme, from Greek atheos, from a- ‘without’ + theos ‘god’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪθɪɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈeɪθɪɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
non-belief|non-theism|disbelief|unbelief|scepticism|doubt|agnosticism|irreligion|godlessness|ungodliness|profaneness|impiety|heresy|apostasy|paganism|heathenism|freethinking|nihilism


word: ATHEIST
russian_word: атеист
example: he is a committed atheist
definition: a person who disbelieves or lacks belief in the existence of God or gods.
antonyms: believer
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪθɪɪst
phonetics_text: ˈeɪθɪɪst
synonyms:
non-believer|non-theist|disbeliever|unbeliever|heretic|sceptic|doubter|doubting Thomas|agnostic|infidel|irreligious person|heathen|pagan|freethinker|libertine|nihilist|paynim|nullifidian


word: ATHEMATIC
russian_word: непрограммный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌaθɪˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌaθɪˈmatɪk|eɪˈθɪmatɪk
definition:
(of a composition) not based on the use of themes.|(of a verb form) having a suffix attached to the stem without a connecting (thematic) vowel.


word: ATHEROMA
russian_word: атерома
origin: late 16th century: via Latin from Greek athērōma, from athērē, atharē ‘groats’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaθəˈrəʊmə
phonetics_text: ˌaθəˈrəʊmə
definition:
degeneration of the walls of the arteries caused by accumulated fatty deposits and scar tissue, and leading to restriction of the circulation and a risk of thrombosis.


word: ATHEROSCLEROSIS
russian_word: атеросклероз
definition: a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaθərəʊsklɪəˈrəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌaθərəʊsklɪəˈrəʊsɪs|ˌaθərəʊskləˈrəʊsɪs
origin:
early 20th century: coined in German from Greek athērē ‘groats’ + sklērōsis ‘hardening’ (see sclerosis).


word: ATHLETE
russian_word: спортсмен
example: he had the broad-shouldered build of a natural athlete
definition: a person who is proficient in sports and other forms of physical exercise.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaθliːt
phonetics_text: ˈaθliːt
synonyms:
sportswoman|sportsman|sportsperson|runner|racer|player|games player|gymnast|team member|competitor|contestant|contender|keep-fit buff|keep-fit freak|jock|jockstrap

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin athleta, from Greek athlētēs, from athlein ‘compete for a prize’, from athlon ‘prize’.


word: ATHLETIC
russian_word: спортивный
example: big, muscular, athletic boys|athletic events
definition: physically strong, fit, and active.|relating to athletes or athletics.
antonyms: weak|frail
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: aθˈlɛtɪk
phonetics_text: aθˈlɛtɪk
synonyms:
muscular|muscly|sturdy|strapping|well built|powerfully built|strong|powerful|robust|able-bodied|vigorous|hardy|lusty|hearty|hale and hearty|brawny|burly|broad-shouldered|thickset|Herculean|fit|fighting fit|as fit as a fiddle|as fit as a flea|in good shape|in good trim|in trim|in tip-top condition|aerobicized|healthy|in good health|bursting with health|in fine fettle|as strong as an ox|as strong as a horse|as strong as a lion|in rude health|sporty|husky|hunky|beefy|ripped|shredded|buff|jacked|stalwart|thewy|stark|mesomorphic

origin:
mid 17th century: from French athlétique or Latin athleticus, from Greek athlētikos, from athlētēs (see athlete).


word: ATHLETICS
russian_word: атлетика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: aθˈlɛtɪks
phonetics_text: aθˈlɛtɪks
definition:
the sport of competing in track and field events, including running races and various competitions in jumping and throwing.

synonyms:
track and field events|sporting events|sports|games|organized games|matches|races|contests|competitions|exercises|gymnastics|palaestra


word: AT LAST
russian_word: наконец
example: you've come back to me at last!
definition: in the end; after much delay.
synonyms:
finally|in the end|eventually|ultimately|at long last|after a long time|after a considerable time|in time|at the end of the day|in the fullness of time|lastly|in conclusion


word: AT LEAST
russian_word: по крайней мере
synonyms: at the minimum|no less than|not less than|as a conservative estimate|at rock-bottom|more than
example:
clean the windows at least once a week|the options aren't complete, but at least they're a start|they seldom complained—officially at least

definition:
not less than; at the minimum.|if nothing else (used to add a positive comment about a generally negative situation).|anyway (used to modify something just stated).


word: AT LIBERTY
russian_word: на свободе
definition: not imprisoned.|allowed or entitled to do something.
antonyms: in captivity|imprisoned
example:
he was at liberty for three months before he was recaptured|he's not at liberty to discuss his real work

synonyms:
free|on the loose|loose|set loose|at large|unconfined|roaming|unbound|untied|unchained|unshackled|unfettered|unrestrained|unrestricted|wild|untrammelled|escaped|out|sprung


word: ATMAN
russian_word: атман
origin: from Sanskrit ātman, literally ‘essence, breath’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɑːtmən
phonetics_text: ˈɑːtmən
definition:
the spiritual life principle of the universe, especially when regarded as immanent in the individual's real self.


word: ATMOSPHERE
russian_word: атмосфера
origin: mid 17th century: from modern Latin atmosphaera, from Greek atmos ‘vapour’ + sphaira ‘ball, globe’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈatməsfɪə
phonetics_text: ˈatməsfɪə
example:
part of the sun's energy is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere|the hotel has won commendations for its friendly, welcoming atmosphere

definition:
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.|the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or creative work.

synonyms:
air|aerosphere|airspace|sky|the heavens|the firmament|the vault of heaven|the blue|the wide blue yonder|the azure|the ether|the welkin|the empyrean|the upper regions|the sphere


word: ATOM
russian_word: атом
example: eight atom hockey teams
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈatəm
phonetics_text: ˈatəm
definition:
the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.|a level of amateur sport, typically involving children aged between nine and eleven.

synonyms:
particle|molecule|bit|little bit|tiny bit|tiny piece|fragment|fraction|grain|granule|crumb|morsel|mite|mote|speck|spot|dot|iota|jot|whit|scrap|shred|trace|tinge|ounce|modicum|scintilla|vestige|stim|smidgen|smidge|tad|scantling|scruple

origin:
late 15th century: from Old French atome, via Latin from Greek atomos ‘indivisible’, based on a- ‘not’ + temnein ‘to cut’.


word: ATOMICITY
russian_word: атомность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌatəˈmɪsɪti
phonetics_text: ˌatəˈmɪsɪti
definition:
the number of atoms in the molecules of an element.|the state or fact of being composed of indivisible units.


word: ATOMISM
russian_word: атомизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈatəmɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈatəmɪz(ə)m
definition:
a theoretical approach that regards something as interpretable through analysis into distinct, separable, and independent elementary components.


word: AT ONCE
russian_word: тотчас
example: I fell asleep at once|computers that can do many things at once
definition: immediately.|at the same time; simultaneously.
antonyms: later|in due course
synonyms:
immediately|right away|right now|now|straight away|instantly|instantaneously|directly|suddenly|abruptly|summarily|forthwith|promptly|without delay/hesitation|without further ado|quickly|as fast as possible|as soon as possible|fast|speedily|with all speed|like a shot|in/like a flash


word: ATONE
russian_word: искупить
example: a human sacrifice to atone for the sin
definition: make amends or reparation.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈtəʊn
phonetics_text: əˈtəʊn
synonyms:
make amends|make reparation|make restitution|make recompense|make redress|make up for|compensate|pay|pay the penalty|pay the price|recompense|answer|expiate|make good|offset|do penance|redeem oneself|redress the balance|requite

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘make or become united or reconciled’, rare before the 16th century): from at one in early use; later by back-formation from atonement.


word: ATONEMENT
russian_word: искупление
example: he submitted his resignation as an act of atonement
definition: the action of making amends for a wrong or injury.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtəʊnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈtəʊnm(ə)nt
origin:
early 16th century (denoting unity or reconciliation, especially between God and man): from at one + -ment, influenced by medieval Latin adunamentum ‘unity’, and earlier onement from an obsolete verb one ‘to unite’.


word: AT ONE TIME
russian_word: некогда
example: she was a nurse at one time
definition: in or during a known but unspecified past period.
antonyms: never
synonyms:
formerly|previously|once|in the past|at one point|at some point|once upon a time|time was when|in days/times gone by|in times past|in the (good) old days|back in the day|long ago|in days/times of yore|of yore|sometime|erst|erstwhile|whilom


word: ATOPIC
russian_word: атопический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪˈtɒpɪk
phonetics_text: eɪˈtɒpɪk
definition:
denoting a form of allergy in which a hypersensitivity reaction such as eczema or asthma may occur in a part of the body not in contact with the allergen.

origin:
early 20th century: from Greek atopia ‘unusualness’, from atopos ‘unusual’, from a- ‘without’ + topos ‘place’.


word: AT PRESENT
russian_word: теперь
example: membership at present stands at about 5,000
definition: now.
synonyms:
at the moment|just now|right now|at this time|at the present time|currently|presently|at this moment in time|in this day and age|nowadays


word: AT RANDOM
russian_word: случайно
example: he opened the book at random
definition: without method or conscious decision.
antonyms: systematically
synonyms:
unsystematically|arbitrarily|randomly|without prearrangement|without method|unmethodically|haphazardly|without conscious choice|leaving things to chance|out of a hat|by lot


word: ATRESIA
russian_word: атрезия
origin: early 19th century: from a-1 ‘without’ + Greek trēsis ‘perforation’ + -ia1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtriːʃə
phonetics_text: əˈtriːʃə|əˈtriːziə
definition:
absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening or passage in the body.|the degeneration of those ovarian follicles which do not ovulate during the menstrual cycle.


word: ATROCIOUS
russian_word: зверский
example: atrocious cruelties
definition: horrifyingly wicked.
antonyms: admirable|kindly
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin atrox, atroc- ‘cruel’ + -ious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈtrəʊʃəs
phonetics_text: əˈtrəʊʃəs
synonyms:
brutal|barbaric|barbarous|brutish|savage|vicious|wicked|cruel|nasty|ruthless|merciless|villainous|murderous|heinous|nefarious|monstrous|base|low|low-down|vile|inhuman|infernal|dark|black|black-hearted|fiendish|hellish|diabolical|ghastly|horrible|abominable|outrageous|offensive|hateful|disgusting|despicable|contemptible|loathsome|odious|revolting|repellent|repugnant|abhorrent|harrowing|nightmarish|gruesome|grisly|sickening|nauseating|horrifying|hideous|unspeakable|unforgivable|intolerable|beyond the pale|scandalous|flagrant|execrable|horrid|gross|sick-making|sick|beastly|disgustful|loathly|scurvy|egregious|flagitious|cacodemonic|facinorous


word: ATROCITY
russian_word: зверство
example: a textbook which detailed war atrocities
definition: an extremely wicked or cruel act, typically one involving physical violence or injury.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtrɒsɪti
phonetics_text: əˈtrɒsɪti
synonyms:
act of barbarity|act of brutality|act of savagery|act of wickedness|cruelty|abomination|enormity|outrage|horror|monstrosity|obscenity|iniquity|violation|crime|transgression|wrong|wrongdoing|offence|injury|affront|scandal|injustice|abuse|malfeasance|tort|barbarity|barbarism|brutality|savagery|inhumanity|wickedness|badness|baseness|evil|heinousness|villainy|lawlessness|malefaction

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘cruelty’): from French atrocité or Latin atrocitas, from atrox, atroc- ‘cruel’.


word: ATROPHY
russian_word: атрофия
example: the calf muscles will atrophy|the imagination can atrophy from lack of use
antonyms: strengthen
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈatrəfi
phonetics_text: ˈatrəfi
definition:
(of body tissue or an organ) waste away, especially as a result of the degeneration of cells, or become vestigial during evolution.|gradually decline in effectiveness or vigour due to underuse or neglect.

synonyms:
waste away|waste|become emaciated|wither|shrivel|shrivel up|shrink|become shrunken|dry up|decay|wilt|decline|deteriorate|degenerate|grow weak|weaken|become debilitated|become enfeebled

origin:
late 16th century: from French atrophier (verb), atrophie (noun), from late Latin atrophia, from Greek, ‘lack of food’, from atrophos ‘poorly nourished’, from a- ‘without’ + trophē ‘food’.


word: ATROPINE
russian_word: атропин
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin Atropa belladonna ‘deadly nightshade’, from Atropos + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈatrəpiːn
phonetics_text: ˈatrəpiːn|ˈatrəpɪn
definition:
a poisonous compound found in deadly nightshade and related plants. It is used in medicine as a muscle relaxant, e.g. in dilating the pupil of the eye.


word: ATTACHED
russian_word: прикрепленный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈtatʃt
phonetics_text: əˈtatʃt
example:
please complete the attached form|during the journey Mark became increasingly attached to Tara|he was attached to Military Intelligence

definition:
joined, fastened, or connected to something.|full of affection or fondness.|appointed to (an organization) for special or temporary duties.

synonyms:
fond of|devoted to|full of regard for|full of admiration for|affectionate towards|tender towards|caring towards|mad about|crazy about|nuts about


word: ATTACHMENT
russian_word: привязанность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtatʃm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈtatʃm(ə)nt
example:
the processor comes complete with a blender attachment|she felt a sentimental attachment to the place creep over her|the students are placed on attachment to schools for one day a week|the case has a loop for attachment to your waist belt

definition:
an extra part or extension that is or may be attached to something to perform a particular function.|affection, fondness, or sympathy for someone or something.|temporary secondment to an organization.|the action of attaching something.

synonyms:
accessory|fitting|fitment|extension|supplementary part|supplementary component|extra|extra part|adjunct|addition|add-on|appurtenance|appendage|accoutrement|auxiliary

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘arrest for contempt of court’): from Old French attachement, from atachier ‘fasten, fix’ (see attach).


word: ATTACK
russian_word: нападение
antonyms: defend
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈtak
phonetics_text: əˈtak
example:
in February the Germans attacked Verdun|he attacked the government's defence policy|a plan of action to attack unemployment|Crystal Palace attacked swiftly down the left|the nucleophile attacks the epoxide from the opposite side of the ring to the oxygen

definition:
take aggressive military action against (a place or enemy forces) with weapons or armed force.|criticize or oppose fiercely and publicly.|begin to deal with (a problem or task) in a determined and vigorous way.|(in sport) make a forceful attempt to score a goal or point or otherwise gain an advantage against an opposing team or player.|(of a reagent or reactive species) approach and interact with (an atom, group, or bond in a molecule), thereby breaking a bond or forming a new bond.

synonyms:
begin an assault|charge|pounce|strike|begin hostilities|ambush|bombard|shell|blitz|strafe|fire on/at|rush|storm

origin:
early 17th century: from French attaque (noun), attaquer (verb), from Italian attacco ‘an attack’, attaccare ‘join battle’, based on an element of Germanic origin (see attach).


word: ATTAIN
russian_word: достигать
example: clarify your objectives and ways of attaining them
definition: succeed in achieving (something that one has worked for).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈteɪn
phonetics_text: əˈteɪn
synonyms:
achieve|accomplish|reach|arrive at|come by|obtain|gain|procure|secure|get|grasp|hook|net|win|earn|acquire|establish|make|realize|fulfil|succeed in|bring off|bring about|bring to fruition|carry off|carry through|effect|hit|clinch|bag|wangle|wrap up|polish off|effectuate|reify

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘bring to justice’ and ‘reach a state’): from Old French ateindre, from Latin attingere, from ad- ‘at, to’ + tangere ‘to touch’.


word: ATTAINABLE
russian_word: достижимый
example: yields in excess of 6 % are easily attainable
definition: able to be attained; achievable.
antonyms: unattainable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈteɪnəbl
phonetics_text: əˈteɪnəbl
synonyms:
achievable|obtainable|accessible|within reach|at hand|reachable|winnable|securable|realizable|practicable|workable|manageable|realistic|reasonable|viable|feasible|possible|potential|conceivable|imaginable|doable|get-at-able|up for grabs|accomplishable


word: ATTEMPT
russian_word: попытка
example: she attempted a comeback in 2001
definition: make an effort to achieve or complete (something difficult).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈtɛm(p)t
phonetics_text: əˈtɛm(p)t
synonyms:
try|strive|aim|venture|endeavour|seek|set out|do one's best|do all one can|do one's utmost|make an effort|make every effort|spare no effort|give one's all|take it on oneself|have a go at|undertake|embark on|try one's hand at|try out|give it a whirl|give it one's best shot|go all out|pull out all the stops|bend over backwards|knock oneself out|bust a gut|break one's neck|move heaven and earth|have a crack at|have a shot at|have a stab at|give it a burl|give it a fly|essay|assay

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French attempter, from Latin attemptare, from ad- ‘to’ + temptare ‘to tempt’.


word: ATTEND
russian_word: присутствовать
antonyms: miss
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈtɛnd
phonetics_text: əˈtɛnd
example:
the whole sales force attended the conference|he muttered that he had business to attend to|Her Royal Highness was attended by Mrs Jane Stevens|people feared that the switch to a peacetime economy would be attended by a severe slump

definition:
be present at (an event, meeting, or function).|deal with.|escort and wait on (a member of royalty or other important person).|occur with or as a result of.

synonyms:
be present at|be at|be there at|sit in on|take part in|appear at|put in an appearance at|make an appearance at|present oneself at|turn up at|visit|pay a visit to|go to|frequent|haunt|patronize|show up at|pop up at|show one's face at|hang out at|take in|catch

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘apply one's mind or energies to’): from Old French atendre, from Latin attendere, from ad- ‘to’ + tendere ‘stretch’.


word: ATTENDANT
russian_word: служитель
example: a cloakroom attendant|he had become a regular attendant at chapel
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: əˈtɛnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: əˈtɛnd(ə)nt
definition:
a person employed to provide a service to the public in a particular place.|a person who is present on a particular occasion.

synonyms:
steward|waiter|waitress|porter|servant|menial|auxiliary|assistant|helper|caretaker|keeper|concierge|warden|waitperson|tender|garçon

origin:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from Old French, from atendre ‘give one's attention to’ (see attend).


word: ATTENTIVE
russian_word: внимательный
example: never before had she had such an attentive audience
definition: paying close attention to something.
antonyms: inattentive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈtɛntɪv
phonetics_text: əˈtɛntɪv
synonyms:
alert|awake|watchful|wide awake|observant|perceptive|percipient|acute|aware|noticing|heeding|heedful|mindful|vigilant|on guard|on one's guard|on one's toes|on the qui vive|on the lookout|concentrating|intent|absorbed|engrossed|focused|committed|studious|diligent|scrupulous|rigorous|earnest|interested|all ears|beady-eyed|not missing a trick|on the ball|regardful

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French attentif, -ive, from atendre ‘give one's attention to’ (see attend).


word: ATTENUATOR
russian_word: аттенюатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtɛnjueɪtə
phonetics_text: əˈtɛnjueɪtə
definition:
a device consisting of an arrangement of resistors which reduces the strength of a radio or audio signal.


word: ATTEST
russian_word: свидетельствовать
example: his status is attested by his becoming an alderman|unfortunately for him, he attested
definition: provide or serve as clear evidence of.|enrol as ready for military service.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈtɛst
phonetics_text: əˈtɛst
origin:
early 16th century: from French attester, from Latin attestari, from ad- ‘to’ + testari ‘to witness’ (from testis ‘a witness’).


word: AT THE LEAST
russian_word: по крайней мере
example: stay ten days at the least|a programme which is, at the very least, excellent PR for the hospital
definition:
(used after amounts) not less than; at the minimum.|taking the most pessimistic or unfavourable view.


word: AT THE MOMENT
russian_word: в настоящее время
example: he's in bed at the moment
definition: at the present time; now.
synonyms:
at present|just now|right now|at this time|at the present time|currently|presently|at this moment in time


word: AT THE SAME TIME
russian_word: тем не менее
definition: simultaneously; at once.|nevertheless (used to introduce a fact that should be taken into account).
antonyms: separately|consecutively
example:
answer the telephone promptly and try to pick up a pencil and notepad at the same time|I can't really explain it, but at the same time I'm not convinced

synonyms:
simultaneously|at the same instant/moment|together|all together|as a group|at once|at one and the same time|at one time|concurrently|concomitantly|alongside each other|in unison|in concert|in chorus|synchronously


word: ATTIC
russian_word: чердак
example: I discovered a dozen rolls of the original wallpaper in a tin trunk in the attic
definition: a space or room inside or partly inside the roof of a building.
synonyms: loft|roof space|cock loft|garret|mansard|loft conversion|sky parlour
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈatɪk
phonetics_text: ˈatɪk
origin:
late 17th century (as an architectural term designating a small order (column and entablature) above a taller one): from French attique, from Latin Atticus ‘relating to Athens or Attica’.


word: AT TIMES
russian_word: иногда
example: she is at times cruel and ruthless
definition: sometimes; on occasions.
antonyms: constantly
synonyms:
sometimes|occasionally|from time to time|(every) now and then/again|every so often|(every) once in a while|on occasion|on occasions|on the odd occasion|off and on|at intervals|periodically|sporadically|spasmodically|erratically|irregularly|intermittently|in/by fits and starts|fitfully|discontinuously|piecemeal|interruptedly


word: ATTIRE
russian_word: наряд
example: the usually sober attire of British security service personnel
definition: clothes, especially fine or formal ones.
origin: Middle English: from Old French atirier, atirer ‘equip’, from a tire ‘in order’, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: əˈtʌɪə
phonetics_text: əˈtʌɪə
synonyms:
clothing|clothes|garments|dress|wear|outfit|turnout|garb|ensemble|costume|array|finery|regalia|wardrobe|accoutrements|trappings|kit|strip|gear|togs|garms|duds|glad rags|get-up|clobber|rig-out|threads|apparel|raiment|habiliments|habit|vestments


word: ATTITUDE
russian_word: отношение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈatɪtjuːd
phonetics_text: ˈatɪtjuːd
example:
he was questioned on his attitude to South Africa|I asked the waiter for a clean fork and all I got was attitude

definition:
a settled way of thinking or feeling about something.|truculent or uncooperative behaviour.|the orientation of an aircraft or spacecraft, relative to the direction of travel.

synonyms:
point of view|view|viewpoint|vantage point|frame of mind|way of thinking|way of looking at things|school of thought|outlook|angle|slant|perspective|reaction|stance|standpoint|position|inclination|orientation|approach|opinion|ideas|belief|convictions|feelings|sentiments|persuasion|thoughts|thinking|interpretation

origin:
late 17th century (denoting the placing or posture of a figure in art): from French, from Italian attitudine ‘fitness, posture’, from late Latin aptitudo, from aptus ‘fit’.


word: ATTORN
russian_word: поручать
definition: formally make or acknowledge a transfer of something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈtəːn
phonetics_text: əˈtəːn
origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘turn, change, transform’): from Old French atorner ‘appoint, assign’, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + torner ‘to turn’. The spelling with o rather than u or ou, as might have been expected in English, is due to the late Anglo-Norman French form attorner, adopted in legal use.


word: ATTORNEY
russian_word: адвокат
definition: a person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtəːni
phonetics_text: əˈtəːni
origin:
Middle English: from Old French atorne, past participle of atorner ‘assign’, from a ‘towards’ + torner ‘to turn’ (see attorn).


word: ATTRACT
russian_word: привлекать
example: a campaign to attract more visitors to Shetland
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈtrakt
phonetics_text: əˈtrakt
definition:
cause to come to a place or participate in a venture by offering something of interest or advantage.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin attract- ‘drawn near’, from the verb attrahere, from ad- ‘to’ + trahere ‘draw’.


word: ATTRACTION
russian_word: привлечение
example: the timeless attraction of a good tune
definition: the action or power of evoking interest in or liking for someone or something.
antonyms: repulsion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtrakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈtrakʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
appeal|attractiveness|desirability|seductiveness|seduction|allure|allurement|magnetism|animal magnetism|sexual magnetism|charisma|charm|beauty|good looks|glamour|magic|spell|pull|draw|lure|enticement|entrancement|temptation|inducement|interest|fascination|enchantment|captivation|come-on

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action of a poultice in drawing matter from the tissues): from Latin attractio(n- ), from the verb attrahere (see attract).


word: ATTRACTIVE
russian_word: привлекательный
example: an attractive village
definition: pleasing or appealing to the senses.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈtraktɪv
phonetics_text: əˈtraktɪv
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘absorbent’): from French attractif, -ive, from late Latin attractivus, from the verb attrahere (see attract).


word: ATTRIBUTE
russian_word: атрибут
example: he attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director
definition: regard something as being caused by.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
ascribe|assign|accredit|credit|impute|allot|allocate|put down to|set down to|chalk up to|lay at the door of|hold responsible for|pin something on|lay something on|place something on|connect with|associate with|stick something on

phonetic:
late 15th century: the noun from Old French attribut ; the verb from Latin attribut- ‘allotted’: both from the verb attribuere, from ad- ‘to’ + tribuere ‘assign’.


word: ATTRITION
russian_word: истощение
example: the council is trying to wear down the opposition by attrition
synonyms: wearing down|wearing away|weakening|debilitation|enfeebling|sapping|attenuation|harassment|harrying
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈtrɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈtrɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.|(in scholastic theology) sorrow for sin, falling short of contrition.

origin:
late Middle English (in attrition (sense 2)): from late Latin attritio(n- ), from atterere ‘to rub’.


word: ATYPICAL
russian_word: атипичный
example: a sample of people who are rather atypical of the target audience
definition: not representative of a type, group, or class.
antonyms: typical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: eɪˈtɪpɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: eɪˈtɪpɪk(ə)l|aˈtɪpɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
unusual|untypical|non-typical|uncommon|unconventional|unorthodox|off-centre|anomalous|irregular|abnormal|aberrant|deviant|divergent|strange|odd|peculiar|curious|bizarre|weird|queer|freakish|freak|eccentric|quirky|alien|exceptional|singular|rare|unique|isolated|unrepresentative|out of the way|out of the ordinary|extraordinary|out of the common|funny|oddball|off the wall|wacko|wacky|way out|freaky|kinky|something else|rum


word: AUBERGINE
russian_word: баклажан
example: a puree of aubergine
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈəʊbəʒiːn
phonetics_text: ˈəʊbəʒiːn
definition:
the purple egg-shaped fruit of a tropical Old World plant, which is eaten as a vegetable.|the large plant of the nightshade family which bears aubergines.

origin:
late 18th century: from French, from Catalan alberginia, from Arabic al-bāḏinjān (based on Persian bādingān, from Sanskrit vātiṃgaṇa ).


word: AUBURN
russian_word: темно-рыжий
definition: (of hair) of a reddish-brown colour.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɔːbən
phonetics_text: ˈɔːbən|ˈɔːbəːn
synonyms:
reddish brown|red-brown|dark red|Titian|Titian red|tawny|russet|chestnut|chestnut-coloured|copper|coppery|copper-coloured|rust-coloured|rufous|henna|hennaed|rufescent

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French auborne, alborne, from Latin alburnus ‘whitish’, from albus ‘white’. The original sense was ‘yellowish white’, but the word became associated with brown because in the 16th and 17th centuries it was often written abrune or abroun .


word: AUDACIOUS
russian_word: смелый
example: a series of audacious takeovers|he made an audacious remark
definition: showing a willingness to take surprisingly bold risks.|showing an impudent lack of respect.
antonyms: timid
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin audax, audac- ‘bold’ (from audere ‘dare’) + -ious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈdeɪʃəs
phonetics_text: ɔːˈdeɪʃəs
synonyms:
bold|daring|fearless|intrepid|brave|unafraid|unflinching|courageous|valiant|valorous|heroic|dashing|plucky|daredevil|devil-may-care|death-or-glory|reckless|wild|madcap|adventurous|venturesome|enterprising|dynamic|spirited|mettlesome|game|gutsy|spunky|ballsy|have-a-go|go-ahead|venturous|temerarious


word: AUDACITY
russian_word: дерзость
definition: a willingness to take bold risks.|rude or disrespectful behaviour; impudence.
antonyms: timidity
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin audacitas, from audax, audac- ‘bold’ (see audacious).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈdasɪti
phonetics_text: ɔːˈdasɪti
example:
he whistled at the sheer audacity of the plan|she had the audacity to suggest I'd been carrying on with him

synonyms:
boldness|daring|fearlessness|intrepidity|bravery|courage|courageousness|valour|valorousness|heroism|pluck|recklessness|adventurousness|enterprise|dynamism|spirit|mettle|confidence|guts|gutsiness|spunk|grit|bottle|ballsiness|moxie|cojones|sand|venturousness|temerariousness|balls


word: AUDIAL
russian_word: звуковом
definition: relating to or perceived through the sense of hearing.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɔːdɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈɔːdɪəl
origin:
1940s: formed irregularly from Latin audire ‘hear’ (compare with audile), on the pattern of visual .


word: AUDIBLE
russian_word: звуковой
example: some ultrasound is audible to dogs
definition: able to be heard.
antonyms: inaudible|faint
origin: late 15th century: from late Latin audibilis, from audire ‘hear’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɔːdɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɔːdɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
perceptible|discernible|detectable|hearable|able to be heard|recognizable|appreciable|clear|distinct|loud|carrying


word: AUDIENCE
russian_word: аудитория
example: he asked for questions from members of the audience|he demanded an audience with the Pope
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin audientia, from audire ‘hear’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːdɪəns
phonetics_text: ˈɔːdɪəns
definition:
the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event such as a play, film, concert, or meeting.|a formal interview with a person in authority.|formal hearing.

synonyms:
spectators|listeners|viewers|onlookers|concertgoers|theatregoers|patrons|assembly|gathering|crowd|throng|company|assemblage|congregation|turnout|house|gallery|stalls|punters


word: AUDIT
russian_word: аудит
example: audits can't be expected to detect every fraud
definition: an official inspection of an organization's accounts, typically by an independent body.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɔːdɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɔːdɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin auditus ‘hearing’, from audire ‘hear’, in medieval Latin auditus (compoti) ‘audit (of an account)’, an audit originally being presented orally.


word: AUDITORIUM
russian_word: аудитория
synonyms: theatre|hall|concert hall|conference hall|assembly hall|assembly room|chamber|room
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːdɪˈtɔːrɪəm
phonetics_text: ɔːdɪˈtɔːrɪəm
example:
the stage was small and the auditorium had only 366 seats|the National Indoor Arena is a magnificent auditorium and one of Britain's premier indoor venues

definition:
the part of a theatre, concert hall, or other public building in which the audience sits.|a large building or hall used for public gatherings, typically speeches or stage performances.

origin:
early 17th century (originally in the general sense ‘a place for hearing’): from Latin, neuter of auditorius ‘relating to hearing’ (see auditory).


word: AU FAIT
russian_word: компетентный
example: you should be au fait with the company and its products
definition: having a good or detailed knowledge of.
antonyms: out of touch
origin: mid 18th century: from French, literally ‘to the fact, to the point’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əʊ ˈfeɪ
phonetics_text: əʊ ˈfeɪ|French o ˈfɛ(t)
synonyms:
familiar|acquainted|conversant|at home|up to date|up with|in touch|abreast of|apprised of|in the know about|well informed about|knowledgeable about|well versed in|enlightened about|aware of|no stranger to|au courant|clued up about|genned up about|clued up on|plugged into|well up on|wise to|hip to|switched on to|down


word: AUGITE
russian_word: авгит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːdʒʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɔːdʒʌɪt
definition:
a dark green or black aluminosilicate mineral of the pyroxene group. It occurs in many igneous rocks, including basalt, gabbro, and dolerite.

origin:
early 19th century: from Latin augites, denoting a precious stone (probably turquoise), from Greek augitēs, from augē ‘lustre’.


word: AUGMENT
russian_word: увеличивать
example: he augmented his summer income by painting houses
definition: make (something) greater by adding to it; increase.
antonyms: decrease
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
increase|make larger|make bigger|make greater|add to|supplement|build up|enlarge|expand|extend|raise|multiply|elevate|swell|inflate|magnify|intensify|amplify|heighten|escalate|worsen|make worse|exacerbate|aggravate|inflame|compound|reinforce|improve|make better|boost|ameliorate|enhance|upgrade|top up|up|jack up|hike up|hike|bump up|crank up|step up

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Old French augmenter (verb), augment (noun), or late Latin augmentare, from Latin augere ‘to increase’.


word: AUGMENTATIVE
russian_word: увеличивающийся
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːɡˈmɛntətɪv
phonetics_text: ɔːɡˈmɛntətɪv
definition:
(of an affix or derived word) reinforcing the idea of the original word, especially by meaning ‘a large one of its kind’, as with the Italian suffix -one in borrone ‘ravine’, compared with borro ‘ditch’.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘having a tendency to increase’): from Old French augmentatif, -ive or medieval Latin augmentativus, from the verb augmentare (see augment).


word: AUGUR
russian_word: предвещает
example: the end of the cold war seemed to augur well
definition: (of an event or circumstance) portend a good or bad outcome.
origin: late Middle English (as a noun): from Latin, ‘diviner’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈɔːɡə
phonetics_text: ˈɔːɡə
synonyms:
bode|portend|herald|be a sign of|be an indication of|be a warning of|warn of|forewarn of|be an omen of|be a harbinger of|foreshadow|presage|indicate|signify|signal|point to|promise|threaten|spell|denote|foretell|forecast|predict|prophesy|prognosticate|divine|foresee|betoken|foretoken|forebode|harbinger|foreshow|previse|spae|vaticinate|auspicate


word: AUGUST
russian_word: август
example: she was in august company
definition: respected and impressive.
origin: mid 17th century: from French auguste or Latin augustus ‘consecrated, venerable’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈɡʌst
phonetics_text: ɔːˈɡʌst
synonyms:
distinguished|respected|eminent|venerable|hallowed|illustrious|prestigious|renowned|celebrated|honoured|acclaimed|esteemed|exalted|highly regarded|well thought of|of distinction|of repute|great|important|of high standing|lofty|high-ranking|noble|regal|royal|aristocratic|imposing|impressive|awe-inspiring|magnificent|majestic|imperial|stately|lordly|kingly|grand|dignified|solemn|proud


word: AUK
russian_word: гагарка
origin: late 17th century: from Old Norse álka ‘razorbill’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːk
phonetics_text: ɔːk
definition:
a short-winged diving seabird found in northern oceans, typically with a black head and black and white underparts.


word: AURA
russian_word: аура
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːrə
phonetics_text: ˈɔːrə
example:
the ceremony retains an aura of mystery|emotional, mental, and spiritual levels form an energy field around the body known as the aura

definition:
the distinctive atmosphere or quality that seems to surround and be generated by a person, thing, or place.|(in spiritualism and some forms of alternative medicine) a supposed emanation surrounding the body of a living creature and regarded as an essential part of the individual.|a warning sensation experienced before an attack of epilepsy or migraine.

synonyms:
atmosphere|air|quality|aspect|character|ambience|mood|spirit|feeling|feel|flavour|colouring|colour|complexion|climate|tone|overtone|undertone|tenor|impression|suggestion|emanation|vibrations|vibes|vibe

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a gentle breeze): via Latin from Greek, ‘breeze, breath’. Current senses date from the 18th century.


word: AURICLE
russian_word: предсердие
definition: a structure resembling an ear or ear lobe.|another term for atrium (of the heart).
origin: late Middle English: from Latin auricula ‘external part of the ear’, diminutive of auris ‘ear’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːrɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɔːrɪk(ə)l
example:
grass leaves often have two auricles at the junction between the leaf sheath and the blade|blood passes downward from the auricle to the ventricle


word: AURICULA
russian_word: аврикула
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, diminutive of auris ‘ear’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈrɪkjʊlə
phonetics_text: ɔːˈrɪkjʊlə
definition:
an Alpine primula from which a wide range of flowering cultivars have been developed. It has leaves that supposedly resemble bears' ears.


word: AURICULATE
russian_word: ухообразный
definition: having one or more structures shaped like an ear or earlobe.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈrɪkjʊlət
phonetics_text: ɔːˈrɪkjʊlət
origin:
early 18th century: from Latin auricula ‘external part of the ear’ (diminutive of auris ‘ear’) + -ate2.


word: AUROCHS
russian_word: зубр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːrɒks
phonetics_text: ˈɔːrɒks|ˈaʊrɒks
definition:
a large wild Eurasian ox that was the ancestor of domestic cattle. It was probably exterminated in Britain in the Bronze Age, and the last one was killed in Poland in 1627.

origin:
late 18th century: from German, early variant of Auerochs, from Old High German ūrohso, from ūr (form also found in Old English, of unknown origin) + ohso ‘ox’.


word: AUSCULTATION
russian_word: аускультация
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin auscultatio(n- ), from auscultare ‘listen to’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɔːsk(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɔːsk(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.


word: AUSPICIOUS
russian_word: благоприятный
example: it was not the most auspicious moment to hold an election
definition: conducive to success; favourable.
antonyms: inauspicious
origin: late 16th century: from auspice + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈspɪʃəs
phonetics_text: ɔːˈspɪʃəs
synonyms:
favourable|propitious|promising|full of promise|bright|rosy|good|optimistic|hopeful|encouraging|opportune|timely|well timed|lucky|fortunate|providential|felicitous|advantageous|beneficial


word: AUSTENITE
russian_word: аустенитный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɒstɪnʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɒstɪnʌɪt|ˈɔːstɪnʌɪt
definition:
a solid solution of carbon in a non-magnetic form of iron, stable at high temperatures. It is a constituent of some forms of steel.

origin:
early 20th century: from the name of Sir William Roberts-Austen (1843–1902), English metallurgist, + -ite1.


word: AUSTERE
russian_word: строгий
example: he was an austere man, with a rigidly puritanical outlook
definition: severe or strict in manner or attitude.
antonyms: genial
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin austerus, from Greek austēros ‘severe’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɒˈstɪə
phonetics_text: ɒˈstɪə|ɔːˈstɪə
synonyms:
severe|stern|strict|harsh|unfeeling|stony|steely|flinty|dour|grim|cold|frosty|frigid|icy|chilly|unemotional|unfriendly|formal|stiff|stuffy|reserved|remote|distant|aloof|forbidding|mean-looking|grave|solemn|serious|unsmiling|unsympathetic|unforgiving|uncharitable|hard|rigorous|stringent|unyielding|unbending|unrelenting|inflexible|illiberal|no-nonsense|hard-boiled|hard-nosed|solid


word: AUSTERITY
russian_word: аскетизм
antonyms: cheerfulness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɒˈstɛrɪti
phonetics_text: ɒˈstɛrɪti|ɔːˈstɛrɪti
example:
he was noted for his austerity and his authoritarianism|the country was subjected to acute economic austerity

definition:
sternness or severity of manner or attitude.|difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce public expenditure.

synonyms:
sternness|austereness|severity|strictness|grimness|seriousness|sombreness|graveness|gravity|soberness|stiffness|dourness|flintiness|stoniness|steeliness

origin:
late Middle English: from French austérité, from Latin austeritas, from austerus ‘severe’ (see austere).


word: AUSTRALIAN
russian_word: австралиец
definition: a native or inhabitant of Australia, or a person of Australian descent.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ɒˈstreɪlɪən
phonetics_text: ɒˈstreɪlɪən|ɔːˈstreɪlɪən
origin:
from French australien, from Latin australis in the phrase Terra Australis ‘the southern land’, the name of the supposed southern continent.


word: AUTARKY
russian_word: автаркия
example: rural community autarchy is a Utopian dream
definition: economic independence or self-sufficiency.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtɑːki
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtɑːki
origin:
early 17th century: from Greek autarkeia, from autarkēs ‘self-sufficiency’, from autos ‘self’ + arkein ‘suffice’.


word: AUTHENTIC
russian_word: подлинный
example: the letter is now accepted as an authentic document
antonyms: fake|spurious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈθɛntɪk
phonetics_text: ɔːˈθɛntɪk
definition:
of undisputed origin and not a copy; genuine.|(of a church mode) containing notes between the final (the principal note) and the note an octave higher.

synonyms:
genuine|original|real|actual|bona fide|true|veritable|sterling|attested|undisputed|rightful|legitimate|lawful|legal|valid|echt|the real McCoy|the genuine article|the real thing|your actual|kosher|honest-to-goodness|pukka|dinkum|simon-pure

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin authenticus, from Greek authentikos ‘principal, genuine’.


word: AUTHENTICATE
russian_word: проверять подлинность
example: they were invited to authenticate artefacts from the Italian Renaissance
definition: prove or show (something) to be true, genuine, or valid.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt
synonyms:
verify|validate|prove to be genuine|certify|substantiate|prove|be proof of|give proof of|corroborate|confirm|support|evidence|attest to|bear out|give credence to|back up|document|ratify|seal|sanction|endorse|guarantee

origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin authenticat- ‘established as valid’, from the verb authenticare, from late Latin authenticus ‘genuine’ (see authentic).


word: AUTHENTICITY
russian_word: подлинность
example: the paper should have established the authenticity of the documents before publishing them
definition: the quality of being authentic.
antonyms: spuriousness|unreliability|inaccuracy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːθɛnˈtɪsɪti
phonetics_text: ɔːθɛnˈtɪsɪti
synonyms:
genuineness|originality|rightfulness|legitimacy|legality|validity|bona fides|reliability|dependability|trustworthiness|truth|veracity|verity|faithfulness|fidelity|authoritativeness|credibility|accuracy|factualness|historicity|veridicality


word: AUTHOR
russian_word: автор
example: he is the author of several books on the subject
definition: a writer of a book, article, or document.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɔːθə
phonetics_text: ˈɔːθə
synonyms:
writer|man/woman of letters|wordsmith|novelist|dramatist|playwright|screenwriter|scriptwriter|poet|essayist|biographer|journalist|columnist|reporter|correspondent|librettist|lyricist|songwriter|littérateur|penman|penwoman|scribe|scribbler|pen-pusher

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘a person who invents or causes something’): from Old French autor, from Latin auctor, from augere ‘increase, originate, promote’. The spelling with th arose in the 15th century, and perhaps became established under the influence of authentic .


word: AUTHORITARIAN
russian_word: авторитарный
example: the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic regime
definition: favouring or enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.
antonyms: democratic|liberal|lenient|permissive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɔːˌθɒrɪˈtɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: ɔːˌθɒrɪˈtɛːrɪən
synonyms:
autocratic|dictatorial|totalitarian|despotic|tyrannical|autarchic|draconian|absolute|arbitrary|oppressive|repressive|illiberal|undemocratic|anti-democratic|disciplinarian|domineering|doctrinaire|dogmatic|overweening|overbearing|high-handed|bossy|peremptory|imperious|harsh|strict|severe|rigid|inflexible|unyielding


word: AUTHORITATIVE
russian_word: авторитетный
example: clear, authoritative information and advice|his voice was calm and authoritative
antonyms: unreliable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈθɒrɪtətɪv
phonetics_text: ɔːˈθɒrɪtətɪv|ɔːˈθɒrɪˌteɪtɪv
definition:
able to be trusted as being accurate or true; reliable.|commanding and self-confident; likely to be respected and obeyed.

synonyms:
reliable|dependable|trustworthy|good|sound|authentic|valid|well founded|attested|certified|verifiable|accurate|factual|from the horse's mouth


word: AUTHORITY
russian_word: власть
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈθɒrɪti
phonetics_text: ɔːˈθɒrɪti
example:
he had absolute authority over his subordinates|health authorities issued a worldwide alert|he has the natural authority of one who is used to being obeyed

definition:
the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.|a person or organization having political or administrative power and control.|the power to influence others, especially because of one's commanding manner or one's recognized knowledge about something.

synonyms:
power|jurisdiction|command|control|mastery|charge|dominance|dominion|rule|sovereignty|ascendancy|supremacy|domination|influence|sway|the upper hand|leverage|hold|grip|clout|pull|muscle|teeth|drag

origin:
Middle English: from Old French autorite, from Latin auctoritas, from auctor ‘originator, promoter’ (see author).


word: AUTHORIZE
russian_word: санкционировать
example: the troops were authorized to use force
definition: give official permission for or approval to (an undertaking or agent).
antonyms: forbid|veto|unofficial
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɔːθərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈɔːθərʌɪz
synonyms:
give permission for|permit|sanction|allow|agree to|approve|give one's consent/assent to|consent to|assent to|accede to|countenance|license|legalize|make legal|legitimize|legitimatize|ratify|endorse|validate|accredit|warrant|give the green light to|give the go-ahead for|give the OK to|OK|give the thumbs up to|approbate|give someone the authority|give someone permission|mandate|commission|empower|entitle|approved|recognized|sanctioned|commissioned|accredited|licensed|certified|warranted|official|lawful|legal|legitimate|licit

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French autoriser, from medieval Latin auctorizare, from auctor ‘originator, promoter’ (see author).


word: AUTISM
russian_word: аутизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtɪz(ə)m
definition:
a developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour.

origin:
early 20th century (originally with reference to a condition in which fantasy dominates over reality, regarded as a symptom of schizophrenia and other disorders): from Greek autos ‘self’ + -ism.


word: AUTOCEPHALOUS
russian_word: автокефальный
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek autokephalos (from autos ‘self’ + kephalē ‘head’) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈsɛf(ə)ləs
phonetics_text: ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈsɛf(ə)ləs|ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈkɛf(ə)ləs
definition:
(of an Eastern Christian Church) appointing its own head, not subject to the authority of an external patriarch or archbishop.


word: AUTOCORRELATION
russian_word: автокорреляция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːtə(ʊ)kɒrɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɔːtə(ʊ)kɒrɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
correlation between the elements of a series and others from the same series separated from them by a given interval.


word: AUTOCRACY
russian_word: самодержавие
definition: a system of government by one person with absolute power.
antonyms: democracy
origin: mid 17th century (in the sense ‘autonomy’): from Greek autokrateia, from autokratēs (see autocrat).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈtɒkrəsi
phonetics_text: ɔːˈtɒkrəsi
synonyms:
absolutism|absolute power|totalitarianism|dictatorship|despotism|tyranny|monocracy|autarchy|dystopia


word: AUTOCRAT
russian_word: самодержец
example: like many autocrats, Franco found the exercise of absolute power addictive
definition: a ruler who has absolute power.
synonyms: absolute ruler|dictator|despot|tyrant|monocrat|authoritarian|absolutist
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtəkrat
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtəkrat
origin:
early 19th century: from French autocrate, from Greek autokratēs, from autos ‘self’ + kratos ‘power’.


word: AUTOCRINE
russian_word: аутокринная
origin: 1980s: from auto-1 + Greek krinein ‘to separate’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɔːtə(ʊ)krʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtə(ʊ)krʌɪn
definition:
denoting or relating to a cell-produced substance that has an effect on the cell by which it is secreted.


word: AUTOCROSS
russian_word: автокроссу
origin: 1950s: blend of automobile and cross-country.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtəʊkrɒs
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtəʊkrɒs
definition:
a form of motor racing in which cars are driven singly or in heats over a course including rough terrain or unmade roads.


word: AUTOCUE
russian_word: телевизионный суфлер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtəʊkjuː
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtəʊkjuː
definition:
a device which projects an enlarged image of a script on to a clear glass screen in front of a person speaking on television or in public, so enabling the speaker to read their speech while appearing to be looking at the viewers or audience.


word: AUTOGRAPH
russian_word: автограф
synonyms: signature|moniker|John Hancock
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf
example:
fans surged around the car asking for autographs|the earliest version of the work is possibly an autograph

definition:
a signature, especially that of a celebrity written as a memento for an admirer.|a manuscript or musical score in an author's or musician's own handwriting.

origin:
early 17th century: from French autographe or late Latin autographum, from Greek autographon, neuter of autographos ‘written with one's own hand’, from autos ‘self’ + graphos ‘written’.


word: AUTOHARP
russian_word: арфы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtə(ʊ)hɑːp
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtə(ʊ)hɑːp
definition:
a kind of zither fitted with a series of sprung and padded bars which allow the playing of chords by damping selected strings.


word: AUTOIMMUNE
russian_word: аутоиммунный
example: the infection triggers an autoimmune response
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn
phonetics_text: ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn
definition:
relating to disease caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body.


word: AUTOMATIC
russian_word: автоматический
antonyms: manual|hand-operated
origin: mid 18th century: from Greek automatos ‘acting of itself’ (see automaton) + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɔːtəˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: ɔːtəˈmatɪk
example:
an automatic kettle that switches itself off when it boils|automatic physical functions such as breathing

definition:
(of a device or process) working by itself with little or no direct human control.|done or occurring spontaneously, without conscious thought or attention.

synonyms:
mechanized|mechanical|automated|push-button|preprogrammed|computerized|electronic|robotic|unmanned|self-activating|self-regulating|self-directing|self-executing


word: AUTOMATISM
russian_word: автоматизм
example: diabetic patients who commit crimes while hypoglycaemic may be able to plead automatism
definition: the performance of actions without conscious thought or intention.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈtɒmətɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ɔːˈtɒmətɪz(ə)m
origin:
mid 19th century: from French automatisme, from automate ‘automaton’, from Greek automatos ‘acting of itself’ (see automaton).


word: AUTOMATIZED
russian_word: автоматизированная
definition: having become automatic or habitual.|operated by largely automatic equipment; automated.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈtɒmətʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ɔːˈtɒmətʌɪzd
example:
the need to refresh automatized forms of literature|you can add your own group chat commands to make the bot perform automatized tasks for you


word: AUTONOMOUS
russian_word: автономный
example: the federation included sixteen autonomous republics
origin: early 19th century: from Greek autonomos ‘having its own laws’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɔːˈtɒnəməs
phonetics_text: ɔːˈtɒnəməs
definition:
(of a country or region) having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs.|(in Kantian moral philosophy) acting in accordance with one's moral duty rather than one's desires.


word: AUTONOMY
russian_word: автономия
example: between the First and Second World Wars, Canada gained greater autonomy from Britain
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈtɒnəmi
phonetics_text: ɔːˈtɒnəmi
definition:
the right or condition of self-government.|(in Kantian moral philosophy) the capacity of an agent to act in accordance with objective morality rather than under the influence of desires.

origin:
early 17th century: from Greek autonomia, from autonomos ‘having its own laws’, from autos ‘self’ + nomos ‘law’.


word: AUTOPEN
russian_word: АутоПен
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːtəʊpɛn
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtəʊpɛn
example:
a lot of celebrities use autopens but there are ways to spot this because you often get squiggles and ink dots

definition:
a mechanical device that automatically reproduces a person's signature, used typically in situations where someone is required to sign a large volume of documents.


word: AUTOPHAGY
russian_word: аутофагия
example: the process of starvation-induced autophagy was recently the focus of extensive research
origin: mid 19th century: from auto-1 + -phagy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːˈtɒfədʒi
phonetics_text: ɔːˈtɒfədʒi
definition:
consumption of the body’s own tissue as a metabolic process occurring in starvation and certain diseases.


word: AUTOPSY
russian_word: вскрытие
example: a Home Office pathologist carried out the autopsy
definition: a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.
synonyms: post-mortem|PM|necropsy
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɔːtɒpsi
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtɒpsi|ɔːˈtɒpsi
origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘personal observation’): from French autopsie or modern Latin autopsia, from Greek, from autoptēs ‘eyewitness’, from autos ‘self’ + optos ‘seen’.


word: AUTOROTATE
russian_word: автоповорота
example: seeds with double-winged shapes managed to autorotate|the screen only autorotates in tablet mode
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌɔːtəʊrəʊˈteɪt
phonetics_text: ˌɔːtəʊrəʊˈteɪt
definition:
(of an object) rotate spontaneously in a flow of moving air or water.|(of the display on a mobile device) rotate when the device is turned so that the image displayed on the screen remains correctly oriented.


word: AUTOROTATION
russian_word: авторотации
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɔːtə(ʊ)rə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɔːtə(ʊ)rə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
rotation of an object caused by the flow of moving air or water around the shape of the object (e.g. a winged seed).


word: AUTOTRANSFORMER
russian_word: автотрансформатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɔːtəʊtransˈfɔːmə
phonetics_text: ɔːtəʊtransˈfɔːmə
definition:
an electrical transformer which has a single winding of which part is common to both primary and secondary circuits.


word: AUTOTUNE
russian_word: автоматическая настройка
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɔːtəʊtjuːn
phonetics_text: ˈɔːtəʊtjuːn
definition:
a device or facility for tuning something automatically, especially a piece of computer software that enables the correction of an out-of-tune vocal performance.


word: AUXILIARY
russian_word: вспомогательный
example: auxiliary airport staff
definition: providing supplementary or additional help and support.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin auxiliarius, from auxilium ‘help’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɔːɡˈzɪlɪəri
phonetics_text: ɔːɡˈzɪlɪəri|ɒɡˈzɪlɪəri
synonyms:
additional|supplementary|supplemental|extra|reserve|backup|emergency|fallback|spare|substitute|other|subsidiary|accessory|adjunct|ancillary|assistant|support|supporting|helping|assisting|aiding


word: AUXIN
russian_word: ауксин
example: the apex of a growing stem produces auxin
origin: 1930s: coined in German from Greek auxein ‘to increase’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːksɪn
phonetics_text: ˈɔːksɪn
definition:
a plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth.


word: AUXOTROPH
russian_word: ауксотроф
origin: 1950s: from Latin auxilium ‘help’ + Greek trophos ‘feeder’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːksətrəʊf
phonetics_text: ˈɔːksətrəʊf|ˈɔːksətrɒf
definition:
a mutant organism (especially a bacterium or fungus) that requires a particular additional nutrient which the normal strain does not.


word: AVAIL
russian_word: польза
example: no amount of struggle availed Charles|you can avail discounts on food
definition: help or benefit.|use or take advantage of (an opportunity or available resource).
synonyms: help|aid|assist|benefit|be of use to|be useful to|profit|be of advantage to|be of service to
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈveɪl
phonetics_text: əˈveɪl
origin:
Middle English: from obsolete vail  ‘be of use or value’ (apparently on the pattern of pairs such as amount, mount ), from Old French valoir, from Latin valere ‘be strong, be of value’.


word: AVAILABLE
russian_word: доступный
example: refreshments will be available all afternoon
definition: able to be used or obtained; at someone's disposal.
antonyms: unavailable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈveɪləb(ə)l
phonetics_text: əˈveɪləb(ə)l
synonyms:
obtainable|accessible|to be had|ready for use|at hand|to hand|at one's disposal|at one's fingertips|within easy reach|handy|convenient|on sale|on the market|in stock|in season|untaken|unengaged|unused|up for grabs|yours for the asking|on tap|get-at-able|gettable|procurable

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘effectual, serviceable’ and ‘legally valid’): from avail + -able. The sense ‘at someone's disposal’ dates from the early 19th century.


word: AVALANCHE
russian_word: лавина
antonyms: trickle
synonyms: snowslide|snow slip|rockslide|icefall|landslide|landslip
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈavəlɑːnʃ
phonetics_text: ˈavəlɑːnʃ
example:
he was swept to his death by an avalanche in 1988|we have had an avalanche of applications for the post

definition:
a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside.|a sudden arrival or occurrence of something in overwhelming quantities.|a cumulative process in which a fast-moving ion or electron generates further ions and electrons by collision.

origin:
late 18th century: from French, alteration of the Alpine dialect word lavanche (of unknown origin), influenced by avaler ‘descend’; compare with Italian valanga .


word: AVANT-GARDE
russian_word: авангард
example: he has been called a promoter of the avant-garde
definition: new and experimental ideas and methods in art, music, or literature.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌavɒ̃ˈɡɑːd
phonetics_text: ˌavɒ̃ˈɡɑːd
origin:
late Middle English (denoting the vanguard of an army): from French, literally ‘vanguard’. Current senses date from the early 20th century.


word: AVARICE
russian_word: жадность
example: he was rich beyond the dreams of avarice
definition: extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
antonyms: generosity
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin avaritia, from avarus ‘greedy’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈav(ə)rɪs
phonetics_text: ˈav(ə)rɪs
synonyms:
greed|acquisitiveness|cupidity|covetousness|avariciousness|rapacity|rapaciousness|graspingness|materialism|mercenariness|meanness|miserliness|money-grubbing|money-grabbing|an itching palm|grabbiness|Mammonism|pleonexia


word: AVARICIOUS
russian_word: жадный
definition: having or showing an extreme greed for wealth or material gain.
antonyms: generous
origin: late Middle English: from Old French avaricieux, based on Latin avarus ‘greedy’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: avəˈrɪʃəs
phonetics_text: avəˈrɪʃəs
synonyms:
grasping|acquisitive|covetous|greedy|rapacious|mercenary|materialistic|miserly|mean|money-grubbing|money-grabbing|grabby|pleonectic|Mammonish|Mammonistic


word: AVAUNT
russian_word: Прочь
example: avaunt, you worm-faced fellows of the night!
definition: go away.
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: əˈvɔːnt
phonetics_text: əˈvɔːnt
origin:
late Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French avant, from Latin ab ‘from’ + ante ‘before’.


word: AVENGE
russian_word: мстить
example: he vowed in silent fervour to avenge their murders
definition: inflict harm in return for (an injury or wrong done to oneself or another).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈvɛn(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: əˈvɛn(d)ʒ
synonyms:
take revenge for|take vengeance for|exact retribution for|requite|pay someone back for|get even with someone for

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French avengier, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to’) + vengier, from Latin vindicare ‘vindicate’.


word: AVENS
russian_word: гравилат
origin: Middle English: from Old French avence (medieval Latin avencia ), of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪv(ə)nz
phonetics_text: ˈeɪv(ə)nz
definition:
a plant of the rose family, typically having serrated, divided leaves and seeds bearing small hooks.


word: AVENTURINE
russian_word: авантюрин
example: aventurine glass
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈvɛntʃərɪn
phonetics_text: əˈvɛntʃərɪn
definition:
brownish glass containing sparkling particles of copper or gold.|a translucent mineral containing small reflective particles, especially quartz containing mica or iron compounds, or feldspar containing haematite.

origin:
early 18th century: from French, from Italian avventurino, from avventura ‘chance’ (because of its accidental discovery).


word: AVENUE
russian_word: проспект
example: tree-lined avenues surround the hotel|three possible avenues of research suggested themselves
synonyms: line|path|direction|route|method|approach|course of action
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈav(ə)njuː
phonetics_text: ˈav(ə)njuː
definition:
a broad road in a town or city, typically having trees at regular intervals along its sides.|a way of approaching a problem or making progress towards something.

origin:
early 17th century (in avenue (sense 2)): from French, feminine past participle of avenir ‘arrive, approach’, from Latin advenire, from ad- ‘towards’ + venire ‘come’.


word: AVER
russian_word: утверждать
example: he averred that he was innocent of the allegations
definition: state or assert to be the case.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈvəː
phonetics_text: əˈvəː
synonyms:
declare|maintain|claim|assert|state|attest|affirm|avow|swear|vow|profess|insist|protest|avouch|asseverate

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘declare or confirm to be true’): from Old French averer, based on Latin ad ‘to’ (implying ‘cause to be’) + verus ‘true’.


word: AVERAGE
russian_word: средний
example: the proportion of over-60s is above the EU average of 19 per cent
synonyms: mean|median|mode|midpoint|centre|norm|standard|rule|par|the general run
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈav(ə)rɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈav(ə)rɪdʒ
definition:
a number expressing the central or typical value in a set of data, in particular the mode, median, or (most commonly) the mean, which is calculated by dividing the sum of the values in the set by their number.|the apportionment of financial liability resulting from loss of or damage to a ship or its cargo.

origin:
late 15th century: from French avarie ‘damage to ship or cargo’, earlier ‘customs duty’, from Italian avaria, from Arabic ‘awār ‘damage to goods’; the suffix -age is on the pattern of damage . Originally denoting a duty payable by the owner of goods to be shipped, the term later denoted the financial liability from goods lost or damaged at sea, and specifically the equitable apportionment of this between the owners of the vessel and of the cargo (late 16th century); this gave rise to the general sense of calculating the mean (mid 18th century).


word: AVERSE
russian_word: прочь
example: as a former CIA director, he is not averse to secrecy
definition: having a strong dislike of or opposition to something.
antonyms: keen
origin: late 16th century: from Latin aversus ‘turned away from’, past participle of avertere (see avert).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈvəːs
phonetics_text: əˈvəːs
synonyms:
opposed to|against|antipathetic to|hostile to|antagonistic to|unfavourably disposed to|ill-disposed to|resistant to|disinclined|unwilling|reluctant|loath|anti|agin


word: AVERSION
russian_word: отвращение
example: they made plain their aversion to the use of force
definition: a strong dislike or disinclination.
antonyms: liking|inclination|desire
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈvəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈvəːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
dislike of|distaste for|disinclination|abhorrence|hatred|hate|loathing|detestation|odium|antipathy|hostility|disgust|revulsion|repugnance|horror|phobia|resistance|unwillingness|reluctance|avoidance|evasion|shunning|allergy|disrelish

origin:
late 16th century (originally denoting the action of turning away or averting one's eyes): from Latin aversio(n- ), from avertere ‘turn away from’ (see avert).


word: AVERT
russian_word: предотвращать
example: she averted her eyes while we made stilted conversation|talks failed to avert a rail strike
definition: turn away (one's eyes or thoughts).|prevent or ward off (an undesirable occurrence).
synonyms: turn aside|turn away|turn to one side
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈvəːt
phonetics_text: əˈvəːt
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘divert or deter someone from a place or a course of action’): from Latin avertere, from ab- ‘from’ + vertere ‘to turn’; reinforced by Old French avertir .


word: AVID
russian_word: алчный
example: an avid reader of science fiction
definition: having or showing a keen interest in or enthusiasm for something.
antonyms: apathetic|half-hearted
origin: mid 18th century: from French avide or Latin avidus, from avere ‘crave’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈavɪd
phonetics_text: ˈavɪd
synonyms:
keen|eager|enthusiastic|ardent|passionate|devoted|dedicated|fervent|fervid|zealous|fanatical|voracious|insatiable|wholehearted|earnest|as keen as mustard


word: AVIDITY
russian_word: алчность
example: he read detective stories with avidity
definition: keen interest or enthusiasm.|the overall strength of binding between an antibody and an antigen.
antonyms: indifference|apathy
origin: late Middle English: from French avidité or Latin aviditas, from avidus ‘eager, greedy’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈvɪdɪti
phonetics_text: əˈvɪdɪti
synonyms:
enthusiasm|keenness|eagerness|avidness|ardour|fervour|passion|zeal|zealousness|fanaticism|voracity|voraciousness|appetite|hunger|thirst|fervency|ardency|passionateness


word: AVIZANDUM
russian_word: взвешивание обстоятельств судьей перед вынесением решения
example: the court is to take the case to avizandum
definition: time taken for further consideration of a judgement.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌavɪˈzandəm
phonetics_text: ˌavɪˈzandəm
origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin, literally ‘consideration’, gerund of avizare ‘consider, advise’, from ad- ‘to’ + visere, frequentative of videre ‘to see’.


word: AVOCADO
russian_word: авокадо
example: a salad of avocados and oranges
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌavəˈkɑːdəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌavəˈkɑːdəʊ
definition:
a pear-shaped fruit with a rough leathery skin and smooth, oily edible flesh.|the tropical evergreen tree that bears the avocado, native to Central America and widely cultivated elsewhere.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Spanish, alteration (influenced by avocado ‘advocate’) of aguacate, from Nahuatl ahuacatl .


word: AVOID
russian_word: избежать
antonyms: confront|indulge
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈvɔɪd
phonetics_text: əˈvɔɪd
example:
avoid excessive exposure to the sun|if the original owner had avoided his contract with the rogue, ownership of the goods would have reverted to him

definition:
keep away from or stop oneself from doing (something).|repudiate, nullify, or render void (a decree or contract).

synonyms:
keep away from|stay away from|steer clear of|circumvent|give a wide berth to|give something a miss|keep at arm's length|fight shy of|refrain from|abstain from|desist from|forbear from|eschew

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French evuider ‘clear out, get rid of’, from vuide ‘empty’ (see void).


word: AVOIDANT
russian_word: избегающего
example: he was also anxious, avoidant, and unable to manage conflict
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈvoɪdənt
phonetics_text: əˈvoɪdənt
definition:
relating to or denoting a type of personality or behaviour characterized by the avoidance of intimacy or social interaction.


word: AVOW
russian_word: признавать
example: he avowed that he had voted Labour in every election
definition: assert or confess openly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈvaʊ
phonetics_text: əˈvaʊ
synonyms:
assert|declare|state|maintain|aver|attest|swear|vow|insist|confess|admit|asseverate|declared|sworn|self-confessed|confessed|self-proclaimed|acknowledged|admitted|open|overt|known

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘acknowledge, approve’ and ‘vouch for’): from Old French avouer ‘acknowledge’, from Latin advocare ‘summon in defence’ (see avouch).


word: AVULSION
russian_word: отрыв
definition: the action of pulling or tearing away.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈvʌlʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: əˈvʌlʃ(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin avulsio(n- ), from the verb avellere, from ab- ‘from’ + vallere ‘pluck’.


word: AW
russian_word: фактический вес
example: aw, come on, Andy|aw, it's a shame I can't make it|aww, the kitten is too cute!
origin: natural exclamation: first recorded in American English in the mid 19th century.
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: ɔː
phonetics_text: ɔː
definition:
used to express mild protest, entreaty, or sympathy.|used to express mild disappointment or self-deprecation.|used to express pleasure, delight, or affection, especially in response to something regarded as sweet or endearing.


word: AWAIT
russian_word: ожидать
example: we await the proposals with impatience
definition: wait for (an event).
synonyms: wait for|expect|anticipate|look for|hope for
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əˈweɪt
phonetics_text: əˈweɪt
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French awaitier, from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + waitier ‘to wait’.


word: AWAKENING
russian_word: пробуждение
definition: an act of waking from sleep.|an act or moment of becoming suddenly aware of something.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: əˈweɪkənɪŋ
phonetics_text: əˈweɪkənɪŋ
example:
since my awakening I had realized it was a very special day|the war came as a rude awakening to the hardships of life


word: AWARD
russian_word: награда
example: he was awarded the Military Cross
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: əˈwɔːd
phonetics_text: əˈwɔːd
definition:
give or order the giving of (something) as an official payment, compensation, or prize to (someone).

synonyms:
give|grant|confer on|present to|bestow on|gift with|furnish with|endow with|decorate with|accord|assign|apportion|allot|allocate|allow

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘issue a judicial decision’, also denoting the decision itself): from Anglo-Norman French awarder, variant of Old French esguarder ‘consider, ordain’, from es- (from Latin ex ‘thoroughly’) + guarder ‘watch (over)’, based on a word of Germanic origin related to ward; compare with guard.


word: AWARE
russian_word: знающий
example: most people are aware of the dangers of sunbathing
definition: having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.
antonyms: unaware|ignorant|oblivious
origin: Old English gewær, of West Germanic origin; related to German gewahr, also to ware2.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: əˈwɛː
phonetics_text: əˈwɛː
synonyms:
conscious of|acquainted with|informed of/about|apprised of|cognizant of|mindful of|sensible of|familiar with|conversant with|no stranger to|alive to|awake to|alert to|sensitive to|privy to|wise to|well up on|up to speed on|plugged into|in the know about|hip to|ware of|seized of|recognizant of|regardful of|well informed|knowledgeable|up to date|enlightened|au fait|au courant|clued up|genned up|switched-on|down


word: AWARENESS
russian_word: осознание
example: we need to raise public awareness of the issue
definition: knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.
antonyms: ignorance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈwɛːnəs
phonetics_text: əˈwɛːnəs
synonyms:
consciousness|recognition|realization|cognizance|perception|apprehension|understanding|grasp|appreciation|acknowledgement|knowledge|sensitivity to|sensibility to|insight into|familiarity with|acquaintance with


word: AWAY
russian_word: далеко
origin: Old English onweg, aweg ‘on one's way’ (see a-2, way).
part_of_speech: adverb|adjective|noun
phonetic: əˈweɪ
phonetics_text: əˈweɪ
example:
she landed badly, and crawled away|he put away the pistol|Marie felt her distress ebbing away|there was Morrissey crooning away

definition:
to or at a distance from a particular place, person, or thing.|into an appropriate place for storage or safekeeping.|into non-existence.|constantly, persistently, or continuously.

synonyms:
off|from here|from there|aside|to one side|elsewhere|abroad|not at home|not here|gone|absent|on holiday|on vacation


word: AWE
russian_word: благоговение
example: they gazed in awe at the small mountain of diamonds
definition: a feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder.
antonyms: contempt|indifference|despise
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ɔː
phonetics_text: ɔː
synonyms:
wonder|wonderment|amazement|astonishment|admiration|reverence|veneration|respect|dread|terror|fear|revere|worship|pay homage to|venerate|adulate|idolize|put on a pedestal|lionize|hero-worship|honour|love

origin:
Old English ege  ‘terror, dread, awe’, replaced in Middle English by forms related to Old Norse agi .


word: AWE-INSPIRING
russian_word: внушающий благоговение
example: Michelangelo's awe-inspiring masterpiece
definition: arousing awe through being impressive or formidable.
antonyms: uninspiring|unimpressive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɔːɪnspʌɪərɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɔːɪnspʌɪərɪŋ
synonyms:
breathtaking|amazing|stunning|stupendous|astonishing|awesome|extraordinary|incredible|magnificent|wonderful|spectacular|sublime|glorious|magical|dazzling|imposing|stirring|impressive|formidable|terrifying|fearsome|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|out of this world|sensational|amazeballs|wondrous|awful


word: AWESOME
russian_word: здорово
example: the awesome power of the atomic bomb
definition: extremely impressive or daunting; inspiring awe.
origin: late 16th century (in the sense ‘filled with awe’): from awe + -some1.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈɔːs(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈɔːs(ə)m
synonyms:
breathtaking|amazing|stunning|astounding|astonishing|awe-inspiring|stupendous|staggering|extraordinary|incredible|unbelievable|magnificent|wonderful|spectacular|remarkable|phenomenal|prodigious|miraculous|sublime|formidable|imposing|impressive|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|out of this world|amazeballs|badass|wondrous|awful


word: AWESTRUCK
russian_word: охваченный благоговением
example: people were awestruck by the pictures sent back to earth
definition: filled with or revealing awe.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɔːstrʌk
phonetics_text: ˈɔːstrʌk
synonyms:
awed|filled with wonder|filled with awe|wonderstruck|amazed|filled with amazement|astonished|filled with astonishment|lost for words|open-mouthed|reverential|terrified|afraid|fearful


word: AWFUL
russian_word: ужасный
example: the place smelled awful|I've made an awful fool of myself
antonyms: lovely|wonderful|good|excellent
origin: Old English(see awe, -ful).
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈɔːf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɔːf(ə)l
definition:
very bad or unpleasant.|used to emphasize the extent of something, especially something unpleasant or negative.|inspiring reverential wonder or fear.

synonyms:
very unpleasant|disgusting|nasty|terrible|dreadful|ghastly|horrid|horrible|vile|foul|abominable|appalling|atrocious|horrendous|hideous|offensive|objectionable|obnoxious|frightful|loathsome|revolting|repulsive|repellent|repugnant|odious|sickening|nauseating|nauseous|gruesome|diabolical|yucky|sick-making|godawful|gross|from hell|icky|grotty|beastly|hellacious|lousy|noisome|disgustful|loathly|very bad|poor|hopeless|inadequate|inferior|unsatisfactory|substandard|laughable|lamentable|execrable|crummy|pathetic|rotten|useless|woeful|abysmal|dire|duff|chronic|rubbish|a load of pants|poxy|egregious|crap|shit|chickenshit


word: AWFULLY
russian_word: ужасно
example: I'm awfully sorry to bother you so late|we played awfully
definition: very.|very badly or unpleasantly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɔːfʊli
phonetics_text: ˈɔːfʊli
synonyms:
very|extremely|really|exceedingly|immensely|thoroughly|decidedly|terribly|frightfully|dreadfully|fearfully|exceptionally|uncommonly|remarkably|eminently|extraordinarily|most|positively|particularly|heartily|profoundly|right|unco|quite|très|terrifically|tremendously|desperately|devilishly|ultra|too … for words|mucho|mega|seriously|oh-so|madly|majorly|jolly|ever so|dead|well|fair|real|mighty|awful|plumb|powerful|lekker|devilish|hellish|exceeding|sore


word: AWKWARD
russian_word: неуклюжий
antonyms: easy|straightforward|convenient
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɔːkwəd
phonetics_text: ˈɔːkwəd
example:
some awkward questions|you have put me in a very awkward position|Luther's awkward movements impeded his progress

definition:
causing difficulty; hard to do or deal with.|causing or feeling uneasy embarrassment or inconvenience.|not smooth or graceful; ungainly.

synonyms:
difficult|tricky|fiddly|cumbersome|unwieldy|unhandy|a devil|a bastard|cumbrous|lumbersome|inconvenient|inappropriate|inopportune|unfortunate|unseasonable|a bugger

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘the wrong way round, upside down’): from dialect awk ‘backwards, perverse, clumsy’ (from Old Norse afugr ‘turned the wrong way’) + -ward.


word: AWKWARDNESS
russian_word: неловкость
example: there was a moment of awkwardness
definition: the quality of being awkward.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːkwədnəs
phonetics_text: ˈɔːkwədnəs
synonyms:
embarrassment|self-consciousness|discomfort|discomfiture|uneasiness|edginess|tension|nervousness|ungainliness|clumsiness|lack of coordination|gracelessness|inelegance|ineptness|gaucheness|gawkiness


word: AWNING
russian_word: тент
synonyms: canopy|shade|sunshade|shelter|cover|covering|tarpaulin|blind|sunblind|velarium
origin: early 17th century (originally in nautical use): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɔːnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɔːnɪŋ
definition:
a sheet of canvas or other material stretched on a frame and used to keep the sun or rain off a shop window, doorway, or ship's deck.


word: A WORLD OF
russian_word: множество
example: there's a world of difference between being alone and being lonely
definition: a very great deal of.
antonyms: very little
synonyms:
huge amount|vast amount|enormous amount|good deal|great deal|abundance|wealth|profusion|mountain|immensity|many|much|plenty|reams|heap|pile|lot|load|stack|ton|masses|shedload|lashings|swag


word: AXE
russian_word: топор
example: I started swinging the axe at the lumps of driftwood
synonyms: hatchet|cleaver|adze|tomahawk|chopper|battleaxe|poleaxe
origin: Old English æx, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch aaks and German Axt .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: aks
phonetics_text: aks
definition:
a tool used for chopping wood, typically of iron with a steel edge and wooden handle.|a musical instrument used in popular music or jazz, especially a guitar or (originally) a saxophone.


word: AXEL
russian_word: аксель
origin: 1930s: named after Axel R. Paulsen (1885–1938), Norwegian skater.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaks(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈaks(ə)l
definition:
a jump in skating from the forward outside edge of one skate to the backward outside edge of the other, with one (or more) and a half turns in the air.


word: AXIOLOGY
russian_word: аксиология
definition: the study of the nature of value and valuation, and of the kinds of things that are valuable.
origin: early 20th century: from French axiologie, from Greek axia ‘worth, value’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌaksɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌaksɪˈɒlədʒi
example:
one of the central questions in axiology is this: what elements can contribute to the intrinsic value of a state of affairs?


word: AXIOM
russian_word: аксиома
example: the axiom that sport builds character
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈaksɪəm
definition:
a statement or proposition which is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true.

synonyms:
accepted truth|general truth|dictum|truism|principle|proposition|postulate|maxim|saying|adage|aphorism|apophthegm|gnome

origin:
late 15th century: from French axiome or Latin axioma, from Greek axiōma ‘what is thought fitting’, from axios ‘worthy’.


word: AXION
russian_word: центральная нервная система
origin: 1970s: from axial + -on.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksɪɒn
phonetics_text: ˈaksɪɒn
definition:
a hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to account for the rarity of processes which break charge–parity symmetry.


word: AXIS
russian_word: ось
synonyms: centre line|vertical|horizontal
origin: late Middle English: from Latin, ‘axle, pivot’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksɪs
phonetics_text: ˈaksɪs
example:
the Earth revolves on its axis once every 24 hours|the variable that is thought of as a cause is placed on the horizontal axis, and the variable that is thought of as an effect on the vertical axis|the Anglo-American axis

definition:
an imaginary line about which a body rotates.|a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates.|a straight central part in a structure to which other parts are connected.|the second cervical vertebra, below the atlas at the top of the backbone.|an agreement or alliance between two or more countries that forms a centre for an eventual larger grouping of nations.


word: AXLE
russian_word: ось
example: the exhaust pipe corrodes around the bend which goes over the rear axle on motor cars
synonyms: shaft|spindle|rod|arbor|pin|pivot|mandrel
origin: Middle English (originally axle-tree ): from Old Norse ǫxultré .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaks(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈaks(ə)l
definition:
a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) passing through the centre of a wheel or group of wheels.


word: AXOLOTL
russian_word: аксолотль
origin: late 18th century: from Nahuatl, from atl ‘water’ + xolotl ‘servant’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksəlɒt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈaksəlɒt(ə)l
definition:
a Mexican salamander that in natural conditions retains its aquatic larval form throughout life but is able to breed.


word: AXON
russian_word: аксон
origin: mid 19th century (denoting the body axis): from Greek axōn ‘axis’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksɒn
phonetics_text: ˈaksɒn
definition:
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.


word: AXONEME
russian_word: осевая нить хромосомы
origin: early 20th century: from Greek axōn ‘axis’ + nēma ‘thread’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaksə(ʊ)niːm
phonetics_text: ˈaksə(ʊ)niːm
definition:
the central strand of a cilium or flagellum. It is composed of an array of microtubules, typically in nine pairs around two single central ones.


word: AXONOMETRIC
russian_word: аксонометрическая
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌaks(ə)nə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌaks(ə)nə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪk
definition:
using or denoting an orthographic projection of an object, such as a building, on a plane inclined to each of the three principal axes of the object; three-dimensional but without perspective.


word: AYURVEDA
russian_word: Аюрведа
origin: from Sanskrit āyus ‘life’ + veda ‘(sacred) knowledge’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɑːjʊəˈveɪdə
phonetics_text: ˌɑːjʊəˈveɪdə|ˌɑːjʊəˈviːdə
definition:
the traditional Hindu system of medicine (incorporated in Atharva Veda, the last of the four Vedas), which is based on the idea of balance in bodily systems and uses diet, herbal treatment, and yogic breathing.


word: AZALEA
russian_word: азалия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈzeɪlɪə
phonetics_text: əˈzeɪlɪə
definition:
a deciduous flowering shrub with clusters of brightly coloured, sometimes fragrant flowers. Azaleas are typically smaller than other rhododendrons and there are numerous cultivars.

origin:
mid 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek, feminine of azaleos ‘dry’, because the shrub flourishes in dry soil.


word: AZAN
russian_word: азан
origin: mid 19th century: from Arabic 'aḏān ‘announcement’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: əˈzɑːn
phonetics_text: əˈzɑːn
definition:
the Muslim call to ritual prayer made by a muezzin from the minaret of a mosque (or now often played from a recording).


word: AZEOTROPE
russian_word: азеотроп
origin: early 20th century: from a-1 ‘without’ + Greek zein ‘to boil’ + tropos ‘turning’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈeɪzɪətrəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈeɪzɪətrəʊp|əˈziːətrəʊp
definition:
a mixture of two liquids which has a constant boiling point and composition throughout distillation.


word: AZIMUTH
russian_word: азимут
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈazɪməθ
phonetics_text: ˈazɪməθ
definition:
the direction of a celestial object from the observer, expressed as the angular distance from the north or south point of the horizon to the point at which a vertical circle passing through the object intersects the horizon.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the arc of a celestial circle from the zenith to the horizon): from Old French azimut, from Arabic as-samt, from al ‘the’ + samt ‘way, direction’.


word: AZURE
russian_word: лазурный
example: thin streaks of cloud trailed across an azure sky
definition: bright blue in colour like a cloudless sky.
synonyms: sky blue|deep blue|bright blue|blue|ultramarine|cerulean|cyanic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈaʒə
phonetics_text: ˈaʒə|ˈazjʊə
origin:
Middle English (denoting a blue dye): from Old French asur, azur, from medieval Latin azzurum, azolum, from Arabic al ‘the’ + lāzaward (from Persian lāžward ‘lapis lazuli’).


word: AZURITE
russian_word: азурит
origin: early 19th century: from azure + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈaʒʊrʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈaʒʊrʌɪt|ˈaʒj(ʊ)ərʌɪt|ˈeɪʒj(ʊ)ərʌɪt
definition:
a blue mineral consisting of basic copper carbonate. It occurs as blue prisms or crystal masses, typically with malachite.


word: B
russian_word: си
example: George Lloyd (b.1913)|AC Hudson b Prasad 146|extras (b 6, lb 24, nb 9) 39
part_of_speech: abbreviation
phonetic: biː
phonetics_text: biː
definition:
barn(s).|born (used to indicate a date of birth).|(on scorecards) bowled by.|(on scorecards) bye(s).


word: BABBLE
russian_word: лепет
example: they babbled on about their holiday|the shallow river babbled over smooth rocks
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbab(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbab(ə)l
definition:
talk rapidly and continuously in a foolish, excited, or incomprehensible way.|(of a flowing water) make a continuous murmuring sound.

synonyms:
prattle|rattle on|gabble|chatter|jabber|twitter|go on|run on|prate|ramble|burble|blather|blether|blither|maunder|drivel|patter|yap|jibber-jabber|slabber|gab|yak|yackety-yak|yabber|yatter|yammer|blabber|jaw|gas|shoot one's mouth off|witter|rabbit|chunter|natter|waffle|run off at the mouth|mag|twaddle|clack|twattle

origin:
Middle English: from Middle Low German babbelen, or an independent English formation, as a frequentative based on the repeated syllable ba, typical of a child's early speech.


word: BABE
russian_word: младенец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: beɪb
phonetics_text: beɪb
example:
he's been pumping up his pecs to impress the babes|hey babes, I know it is unscrupulous and underhand, but don't blame me!|you have a babe, who will surely be treated as a king when he grows

definition:
a sexually attractive young woman.|an affectionate form of address, typically for someone with whom one has a sexual or romantic relationship.|a baby.

synonyms:
darling|sweetheart|dearest|dear|querida|baby|honey|sweetie|sugar|honey pie|sweetie pie|cutie pie|bae|sweeting

origin:
late Middle English (in babe (sense 3)): probably imitative of an infant's first attempts at speech. Compare with baby.


word: BABEL
russian_word: смешение языков
example: the babel of voices on the road
definition: a confused noise made by a number of voices.
antonyms: silence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbeɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbeɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
clamour|din|racket|confused noise|tumult|uproar|hubbub|babble|babbling|shouting|yelling|screaming|commotion|chaos|bedlam|pandemonium|confusion|stramash|hullabaloo|row|car crash|charivari

origin:
early 16th century: from Babel (see Tower of Babel), where, according to the biblical story, God made the builders all speak different languages.


word: BABESIOSIS
russian_word: бабезиоз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bəˌbiːzɪˈəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: bəˌbiːzɪˈəʊsɪs
definition:
a disease of cattle and other livestock, transmitted by the bite of ticks. It affects the red blood cells and causes the passing of red or blackish urine.

origin:
early 20th century: from modern Latin Babesia, from the name Victor Babès (1854–1926), Romanian bacteriologist.


word: BABUL
russian_word: Роща
origin: early 19th century: from Hindi babūl .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bəˈbuːl
phonetics_text: bəˈbuːl
definition:
(in South Asia) a tropical acacia introduced from Africa, used as a source of fuel, gum arabic, and (formerly) tannin.


word: BACCARAT
russian_word: баккара
origin: mid 19th century: from French baccara, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakərɑː
phonetics_text: ˈbakərɑː
definition:
a gambling card game in which players hold two- or three-card hands, the winning hand being that giving the highest remainder when its face value is divided by ten.


word: BACK
russian_word: назад
antonyms: front|head
synonyms: rear|rear side|other side|stern|end|tail end|rear end|tail|far end|tag end
part_of_speech: noun|adverb|verb|adjective
phonetic: bak
phonetics_text: bak
example:
he lay on his back|at the back of the hotel is a secluded garden|their backs showed some impressive running and passing

definition:
the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips.|the side or part of something that is away from the spectator or from the direction in which it moves or faces; the rear.|a player in a team game who plays in a defensive position behind the forwards.|the grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam.

origin:
Old English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak . The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback.


word: BACK AWAY
russian_word: отступаться
example: the victim tried to back away but was punched by the other man
definition:
move away from someone or something in a backward direction, especially as a result of fear or apprehension.


word: BACKBEAT
russian_word: фоновый ритм
example: the song incorporates an exhilarating backbeat
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakbiːt
phonetics_text: ˈbakbiːt
definition:
a strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar, used especially in jazz and popular music.


word: BACKBENCHER
russian_word: заднескамеечник
example: he was cheered by Tory backbenchers
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bakˈbɛntʃə
phonetics_text: bakˈbɛntʃə
definition:
(in the UK) a Member of Parliament who does not hold office in the government or opposition and who sits behind the front benches in the House of Commons.


word: BACKBITING
russian_word: злословие
example: members have grown tired of the backbiting in the group
definition: malicious talk about someone who is not present.
antonyms: praise
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakbʌɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈbakbʌɪtɪŋ
synonyms:
malicious talk|spiteful talk|slander|libel|defamation|abuse|character assassination|scandalmongering|disparagement|denigration|vilification|vituperation|calumny|revilement|insults|slurs|aspersions|bitching|bitchiness|cattiness|mud-slinging|bad-mouthing|slagging off|slagging|rubbishing


word: BACKBONE
russian_word: позвоночник
synonyms: spine|spinal column|vertebral column|vertebrae|back|dorsum|rachis
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakbəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈbakbəʊn
example:
prickles of sweat broke out along her backbone|these firms are the backbone of our industrial sector

definition:
the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine.|the chief support of a system or organization.|a high-speed, high-capacity digital connection which forms the axis of a local or wide area network.


word: BACKCHAT
russian_word: быстрый обмен репликами
example: don't interrupt! I'm not used to backchat or defiance!
definition: rude or cheeky remarks made in reply to someone in authority.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaktʃat
phonetics_text: ˈbaktʃat
synonyms:
impudence|impertinence|cheek|cheekiness|effrontery|sauciness|pertness|insolence|rudeness|rude retorts|answering back|talking back|mouth|lip|snash|sassiness|sass|smart mouth|back talk|malapertness|contumely|procacity


word: BACKCOURT
russian_word: тыловой
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakkɔːt
phonetics_text: ˈbakkɔːt
definition:
(in tennis, basketball, and other games) the part of each side of the court nearest the back wall or back boundary line.|the defensive players in a basketball team.|(especially in Glasgow) a courtyard behind a house or tenement.


word: BACKCROSS
russian_word: обратное скрещивание
example: after five generations the backcrossed dogs were indistinguishable from pure-bred Dalmatians
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbakkrɒs
phonetics_text: ˈbakkrɒs
definition:
cross (a hybrid) with one of its parents or an organism with the same genetic characteristics as one of the parents.


word: BACKDRAUGHT
russian_word: предотвращающим обратную
example: when she opened the window she created a backdraught that sucked the fire right through the bedroom
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakdrɑːft
phonetics_text: ˈbakdrɑːft
definition:
a current of air or water that flows backwards down a chimney, pipe, etc.|a phenomenon in which a fire that has consumed all available oxygen suddenly explodes when more oxygen is made available, typically because a door or window has been opened.


word: BACK END
russian_word: задняя часть
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
example:
the back end of the car swung round|the back end has three parts to it: server, application, and database

definition:
the end of something which is furthest from the front or the working end.|the part of a computer system or application that is not directly accessed by the user, typically responsible for storing and manipulating data.


word: BACKER
russian_word: сторонник
example: he was the principal backer of the company
definition: a person, institution, or country that supports someone or something, especially financially.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakə
phonetics_text: ˈbakə
synonyms:
sponsor|investor|subsidizer|underwriter|promoter|financier|patron|benefactor|benefactress|guarantor|supporter|friend|angel|Maecenas|upholder|champion|defender|advocate|proponent|protagonist|seconder|second|booster


word: BACKFIRE
russian_word: обратная вспышка
synonyms: misfire
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
a car backfired in the road and shoppers ducked instinctively|overzealous publicity backfired on her

definition:
(of a vehicle or its engine) undergo a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust.|(of a plan or action) have an opposite and undesirable effect to what was intended.


word: BACKGAMMON
russian_word: нарды
origin: mid 17th century: from back + gammon2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakɡamən
phonetics_text: ˈbakɡamən
definition:
a board game in which two players move their pieces around twenty-four triangular points according to the throw of dice, the winner being the first to remove all their pieces from the board.


word: BACKGROUND
russian_word: фон
example: the house stands against a background of sheltering trees|the political and economic background
antonyms: foreground|front
synonyms: surrounding(s)|backdrop|backcloth|framework|scene|setting|surround|in the distance|on the horizon
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbakɡraʊnd
phonetics_text: ˈbakɡraʊnd
definition:
the part of a picture, scene, or design that forms a setting for the main figures or objects, or appears furthest from the viewer.|the circumstances or situation prevailing at a particular time or underlying a particular event.


word: BACKHAND
russian_word: удар слева
example: he drove a backhand into the net
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbakhand
phonetics_text: ˈbakhand
definition:
(in tennis and other racket sports) a stroke played with the back of the hand facing in the direction of the stroke, with the arm across the body.


word: BACKHANDED
russian_word: двусмысленный
example: a backhanded pass|coming from me, teasing is a backhanded compliment
antonyms: direct|straightforward
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: bakˈhandɪd
phonetics_text: bakˈhandɪd
definition:
made with the back of the hand facing in the direction of movement.|having a meaning that is expressed indirectly or ambiguously.

synonyms:
indirect|ambiguous|oblique|equivocal|double-edged|two-edged|tongue-in-cheek|sarcastic|ironic|sardonic


word: BACKING
russian_word: поддержка
example: the foreign secretary won the backing of opposition parties
definition: help or support.|the movement of the place of formation of a sound towards the back of the mouth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈbakɪŋ
synonyms:
support|help|assistance|cooperation|aid|approval|commendation|endorsement|sanction|blessing|promotion|advocacy|championship|espousal|sponsorship|funding|financing|patronage|money|investment|funds|finance|grant|contribution|subsidy


word: BACKLASH
russian_word: люфт
example: a public backlash against racism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaklaʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbaklaʃ
definition:
a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development.|recoil arising between parts of a mechanism.

synonyms:
adverse reaction/response|counteraction|counterblast|comeback|recoil|retaliation|reprisal|repercussions|reverberations|fallout|backwash


word: BACKLOT
russian_word: Территория для натурных съемок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaklɒt
phonetics_text: ˈbaklɒt
definition:
an outdoor area in a film studio where large exterior sets are made and some outside scenes are filmed.


word: BACKSIGHT
russian_word: прицел
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaksʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbaksʌɪt
definition:
the sight of a rifle or other weapon that is nearer the eye of the person aiming.|a sight or reading taken backwards or towards the point of starting.


word: BACKSLIDE
russian_word: отступать
example: there are many things that can cause slimmers to backslide
definition: relapse into bad ways or error.
antonyms: persevere|progress
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈbakslʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈbakslʌɪd
synonyms:
relapse|lapse|regress|retrogress|revert to one's bad habits|weaken|lose one's resolve|give in to temptation|go astray|leave the straight and narrow|go down the primrose path|degenerate|deteriorate|slip|slide|fall off|revert to a former state|go downhill|go to pot|go to the dogs|recidivate


word: BACKSPACE
russian_word: возврат на одну позицию
example: begin with a few seconds of static shot, remembering to allow for backspace time
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbakspeɪs
phonetics_text: ˈbakspeɪs
definition:
a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard used to cause the carriage or cursor to move backwards.|a device on a video recorder or camcorder which produces a slight backward run between shots to eliminate disturbance caused by the interruption of the scanning process.


word: BACKSPIN
russian_word: подкрутка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakspɪn
phonetics_text: ˈbakspɪn
definition:
a backward spin given to a moving ball, causing it to stop more quickly or rebound at a steeper angle on hitting a surface.


word: BACKSTROKE
russian_word: плавание на спине
example: I concentrated on the backstroke most of the time
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakstrəʊk
phonetics_text: ˈbakstrəʊk
definition:
a swimming stroke performed on the back with the arms lifted alternately out of the water in a backward circular motion and the legs extended and kicking.|a pull of the tail end of the rope from its highest position so as to swing the bell through a full circle.


word: BACKTRACK
russian_word: отступать
definition: retrace one's steps.|pursue, trace, or monitor.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈbaktrak
phonetics_text: ˈbaktrak
example:
Marilyn backtracked and went down into the basement|he was able to backtrack the buck to a ridge nearby


word: BACKUP
russian_word: резервный
synonyms: help|support|assistance|aid|reinforcements|reserves|additional resources
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakʌp
phonetics_text: ˈbakʌp
example:
no police backup could be expected|make a backup of any important files|there are long backups on all routes

definition:
help or support.|a copy of a file or other item of data made in case the original is lost or damaged.|an accumulation of something caused by a blockage, as in traffic or water.


word: BACK UP
russian_word: давать задний ход
example:
his mother backed him on up everything|the traffic began to back up|she backed up until she found herself against the wall

definition:
provide support for someone or something.|make a spare copy of data or a disk.|(of vehicles) form into a queue due to congestion.|move or drive backwards.|(of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction.


word: BACKWARD
russian_word: назад
antonyms: forward
synonyms: reverse|to/towards the rear|rearward|to/towards the back|behind one
origin: Middle English: from earlier abackward, from aback.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈbakwəd
phonetics_text: ˈbakwəd
example:
she left the room without a backward glance|a backward agricultural country|he was not backward in displaying his talents|backward square leg

definition:
directed behind or to the rear.|having made less progress than is normal or expected.|lacking the confidence to do (something).|(of a fielding position) behind an imaginary line passing through the stumps at the batsman's end at right angles to the wicket.


word: BACKWARDS
russian_word: назад
example: Penny glanced backwards|the tape rolled backwards|count backwards from twenty to ten
antonyms: forwards
synonyms: towards the rear|rearwards|backward|behind one
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈbakwədz
phonetics_text: ˈbakwədz
definition:
(of a movement) in the direction of one's back.|(of an object's motion) back towards the starting point.|in reverse of the usual direction or order.


word: BACKWOODS
russian_word: глушь
example: backwoods homesteads
definition: remote uncleared forest land.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakwʊdz
phonetics_text: ˈbakwʊdz
synonyms:
the back of beyond|the middle of nowhere|remote areas|the wilds|the hinterlands|a backwater|the backcountry|the backland|the outback|the bush|the backblocks|the booay|the backveld|the platteland|the sticks|the boondocks|the boonies|the tall timbers|hicksville|Woop Woop|beyond the black stump


word: BACTERIOPHAGE
russian_word: бактериофаг
origin: 1920s: from bacterium + Greek phagein ‘eat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bakˈtɪərɪə(ʊ)feɪdʒ
phonetics_text: bakˈtɪərɪə(ʊ)feɪdʒ
definition:
a virus which parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it. Bacteriophages are much used in genetic research.


word: BACULOVIRUS
russian_word: бакуловирусом
origin: 1970s: from Latin baculum ‘rod, stick’ + virus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakjʊlə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˈbakjʊlə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
a member of a family of DNA viruses infecting only invertebrate animals. Some have a very specific insect host, and may be used in biological pest control.


word: BAD
russian_word: плохой
antonyms: good|excellent|skilled
origin: Middle English: perhaps from Old English bǣddel ‘hermaphrodite, womanish man’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: bad
phonetics_text: bad
example:
a bad diet|bad news|the bad guys|a bad back|everything in the fridge went bad|she feels bad about ending their engagement|he ran up 87 bad cheques|they want the baddest, best-looking Corvette there is

definition:
of poor quality or a low standard.|not such as to be hoped for or desired; unpleasant or unwelcome.|failing to conform to standards of moral virtue or acceptable conduct.|(of a part of the body) injured, diseased, or painful.|(of food) decayed; putrid.|regretful, guilty, or ashamed about something.|worthless; not valid.|good; excellent.

synonyms:
substandard|poor|inferior|second-rate|second-class|unsatisfactory|inadequate|unacceptable|not up to scratch|not up to par|deficient|imperfect|defective|faulty|shoddy|amateurish|careless|negligent|dreadful|awful|terrible|abominable|frightful|atrocious|disgraceful|deplorable|hopeless|worthless|laughable|lamentable|miserable|sorry|third-rate|diabolical|execrable|incompetent|inept|inexpert|ineffectual|crummy|rotten|pathetic|useless|woeful|bum|lousy|appalling|abysmal|pitiful|godawful|dire|not up to snuff|the pits|duff|chronic|rubbish|pants|a load of pants|ropy|poxy|egregious|crap|shit|chickenshit


word: BADDELEYITE
russian_word: бадделеит
origin: late 19th century: named after Joseph Baddeley, English traveller, + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbad(ə)lɪʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbad(ə)lɪʌɪt
definition:
a mineral consisting largely of zirconium dioxide, ranging from colourless to yellow, brown, or black.


word: BADGE
russian_word: значок
example: the badge of the Cheshire Regiment
synonyms: pin|breastpin|brooch|button
origin: late Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: badʒ
phonetics_text: badʒ
definition:
a small piece of metal, plastic, or cloth bearing a design or words, typically worn to identify a person or to indicate membership of an organization or support for a cause.


word: BADGER
russian_word: барсук
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbadʒə
phonetics_text: ˈbadʒə
definition:
a heavily built omnivorous nocturnal mammal of the weasel family, typically having a grey and black coat.|a native of Wisconsin.

origin:
early 16th century: perhaps from badge, with reference to its distinctive head markings. The verb sense (late 18th century) originates from the sport of badger baiting.


word: BADINAGE
russian_word: подшучивание
example: he developed a nice line in badinage with the Labour leader
definition: humorous or witty conversation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbadɪnɑːʒ
phonetics_text: ˈbadɪnɑːʒ
synonyms:
banter|repartee|witty conversation|bantering|raillery|wit|crosstalk|wordplay|swordplay|cut and thrust|witty remarks|witticisms|ripostes|sallies|quips|joking|jesting|bons mots|josh|borak

origin:
mid 17th century: from French, from badiner ‘to joke’, from badin ‘fool’, based on Provençal badar ‘gape’.


word: BADLY
russian_word: плохо
antonyms: well
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈbadli
phonetics_text: ˈbadli
example:
England have played badly this year|the building was badly damaged by fire|I felt badly about my unfriendliness

definition:
in an unsatisfactory, inadequate, or unsuccessful way.|used to emphasize the seriousness of an unpleasant event or action.|in a guilty or regretful way.

synonyms:
poorly|incompetently|ineptly|inexpertly|inefficiently|imperfectly|deficiently|defectively|unsatisfactorily|inadequately|incorrectly|faultily|shoddily|amateurishly|carelessly|negligently|awfully|terribly|dreadfully|abominably|atrociously|frightfully|miserably|wretchedly|lamentably|deplorably|dismally|execrably|abysmally|appallingly|crummily|diabolically|pitifully|woefully|egregiously|unsuccessfully|unfavourably|adversely|unfortunately|unhappily|unluckily


word: BADMINTON
russian_word: бадминтон
definition: a game with rackets in which a shuttlecock is hit back and forth across a net.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbadmɪnt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈbadmɪnt(ə)n
origin:
mid 19th century: apparently named after Badminton House in SW England, country seat of the Duke of Beaufort.


word: BAD-TEMPERED
russian_word: в плохом настроении
example: seldom has there been a more naughty and bad-tempered child
definition: easily annoyed or made angry.
antonyms: good-humoured|affable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌbadˈtɛmpəd
phonetics_text: ˌbadˈtɛmpəd
synonyms:
irritable|irascible|tetchy|testy|grumpy|grouchy|crotchety|in a (bad) mood|cantankerous|curmudgeonly|ill-tempered|ill-natured|ill-humoured|peevish|cross|fractious|disagreeable|pettish|crabbed|crabby|waspish|prickly|peppery|touchy|scratchy|crusty|splenetic|shrewish|short-tempered|hot-tempered|quick-tempered|dyspeptic|choleric|bilious|liverish|cross-grained|as cross as two sticks|snappish|snappy|chippy|on a short fuse|short-fused|shirty|stroppy|narky|ratty|eggy|like a bear with a sore head|cranky|ornery|peckish|soreheaded|snaky|waxy|miffy


word: BAFFLE
russian_word: перегородка
example: an unexplained occurrence that baffled everyone|to baffle the noise further, I pad the gunwales
definition: totally bewilder or perplex.|restrain or regulate (a fluid, sound, etc.).
antonyms: enlighten|clear|comprehensible
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbaf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbaf(ə)l
synonyms:
perplex|puzzle|bewilder|mystify|bemuse|confuse|confound|nonplus|disconcert|throw|set someone thinking|flummox|discombobulate|faze|stump|beat|fox|be all Greek to|floor|fog|buffalo|wilder|gravel|maze|cause to be at a stand|pose|obfuscate|puzzling|bewildering|perplexing|mystifying|bemusing|confusing|unclear|difficult/hard to understand|beyond one|above one's head|mysterious|enigmatic|obscure|abstruse|unfathomable|inexplicable|incomprehensible|impenetrable|cryptic|opaque|wildering

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘cheat, deceive’): perhaps related to French bafouer ‘ridicule’ or obsolete French beffer ‘mock, deceive’.


word: BAG
russian_word: сумка
synonyms: receptacle|container|shopping bag|string bag|sack|carrier bag|carrier|poke|keister
origin: Middle English: perhaps from Old Norse baggi .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: baɡ
phonetics_text: baɡ
example:
he arrived at the children's ward carrying a bag full of toys for the young patients|ask the manager about mild curries, if that's your bag

definition:
a flexible container with an opening at the top, used for carrying things.|one's particular interest or taste.|a woman, especially an older one, perceived as unpleasant or unattractive.|a base.|(in southern Africa) a unit of measurement, used especially of grain, equal to 70 kg (formerly 200 lb).


word: BAGGAGE
russian_word: багаж
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaɡɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈbaɡɪdʒ
example:
we collected our baggage before clearing customs|the emotional baggage I'm hauling around|she was a mercenary little baggage

definition:
suitcases and bags containing personal belongings packed for travelling; luggage.|past experiences or long-held attitudes perceived as burdensome encumbrances.|a cheeky or disagreeable girl or woman.

synonyms:
luggage|suitcases|cases|bags|trunks|things|belongings|possessions|kit|equipment|effects|goods and chattels|impedimenta|paraphernalia|accoutrements|rig|tackle|gear|stuff|traps|clobber|trek|dunnage

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French bagage (from baguer ‘tie up’), or bagues ‘bundles’; perhaps related to bag.


word: BAGGY
russian_word: мешковатый
example: baggy trousers
definition: (of clothing) loose and hanging in folds.
antonyms: tight
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈbaɡi
phonetics_text: ˈbaɡi
synonyms:
loose-fitting|loose|roomy|generously cut|full|ample|voluminous|billowing|oversized|shapeless|ill-fitting|tentlike|sacklike|bagging|sagging|saggy|slack|slouchy|floppy|ballooning


word: BAGPIPE
russian_word: волынка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaɡpʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈbaɡpʌɪp
definition:
a musical instrument with reed pipes that are sounded by the pressure of wind emitted from a bag squeezed by the player's arm. Bagpipes are associated especially with Scotland, but are also used in folk music in Ireland, Northumberland, and France, and in varying forms across Europe and western Asia.


word: BAIL
russian_word: залог
example: he has been released on bail
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: beɪl
phonetics_text: beɪl
definition:
the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money is lodged to guarantee their appearance in court.

synonyms:
surety|security|collateral|assurance|indemnity|indemnification|bond|guarantee|warranty|pledge|gage|earnest

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘custody, jurisdiction’, from bailler ‘take charge of’, from Latin bajulare ‘bear a burden’.


word: BAILEE
russian_word: хранитель
example: the hirer is a bailee
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: beɪˈliː
phonetics_text: beɪˈliː
definition:
a person or party to whom goods are delivered for a purpose, such as custody or repair, without transfer of ownership.


word: BAIL OUT
russian_word: брать на поруки
synonyms: eject|parachute to safety
example:
the first priority is to bail out the boat with buckets|the state will not bail out loss-making enterprises

definition:
scoop water out of a boat or ship.|make an emergency parachute descent from an aircraft.|rescue someone or something from a difficulty.


word: BAIN-MARIE
russian_word: пароварка
example: cook in a bain-marie until the custard thickens slightly
definition: a pan of hot water in which a cooking container is placed for slow cooking.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbanməˈriː
phonetics_text: ˌbanməˈriː
origin:
early 18th century: French, translation of medieval Latin balneum Mariae ‘bath of Maria’, translating Greek kaminos Marias ‘furnace of Maria’, said to be a Jewish alchemist.


word: BAIT
russian_word: наживка
example: herrings make excellent bait for pike
synonyms: lure|decoy|fly|troll|jig|plug|teaser
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse beit ‘pasture, food’, beita ‘to hunt or chase’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: beɪt
phonetics_text: beɪt
definition:
food placed on a hook or in a net, trap, or fishing area to entice fish or other animals as prey.|variant spelling of bate1.


word: BAIZE
russian_word: байка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: beɪz
phonetics_text: beɪz
definition:
a coarse, typically green woollen material resembling felt, used for covering billiard and card tables.

origin:
late 16th century: from French baies, feminine plural of bai ‘chestnut-coloured’ (see bay4), treated as a singular noun. The name is presumably from the original colour of the cloth, although several colours are recorded.


word: BAKE
russian_word: испечь
synonyms: cook|oven-bake|dry-roast|roast|spit-roast|pot-roast|oven
origin: Old English bacan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bakken and German backen .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: beɪk
phonetics_text: beɪk
example:
they bake their own bread and cakes|the soil in the desert is baked dry by the fierce heat of the sun

definition:
cook (food) by dry heat without direct exposure to a flame, typically in an oven.|(of the sun or other agency) subject (something) to dry heat, especially so as to harden it.


word: BAKELITE
russian_word: бакелит
example: an old Bakelite telephone
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbeɪk(ə)lʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbeɪk(ə)lʌɪt
definition:
an early form of brittle plastic, typically dark brown, made from formaldehyde and phenol, used chiefly for electrical equipment.

origin:
early 20th century: named after Leo H. Baekeland (1863–1944), the Belgian-born American chemist who invented it, + -ite1.


word: BAKLAVA
russian_word: Пахлава
origin: Turkish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbakləvə
phonetics_text: ˈbakləvə|bəˈklɑːvə
definition:
a dessert originating in the Middle East made of filo pastry filled with chopped nuts and soaked in honey.


word: BALACLAVA
russian_word: подшлемник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbaləˈklɑːvə
phonetics_text: ˌbaləˈklɑːvə
definition:
a close-fitting garment covering the whole head and neck except for parts of the face, typically made of wool.

origin:
late 19th century (worn originally by soldiers on active service in the Crimean War): named after the port of Balaclava in the Crimea (see Balaclava, Battle of).


word: BALANCE
russian_word: баланс
antonyms: instability
synonyms: stability|equilibrium|steadiness|footing
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbal(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈbal(ə)ns
example:
she lost her balance and fell|the obligations of political balance in broadcasting|the balance of opinion was that work was more important than leisure|he accumulated a healthy balance with the savings bank

definition:
an even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to remain upright and steady.|a situation in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions.|an apparatus for weighing, especially one with a central pivot, beam, and two scales.|a counteracting weight or force.|a predominating amount; a preponderance.|a figure representing the difference between credits and debits in an account; the amount of money held in an account.

origin:
Middle English (in balance (sense 3 of the noun)): from Old French balance (noun), balancer (verb), based on late Latin (libra) bilanx ‘(balance) having two scale pans’, from bi- ‘twice, having two’ + lanx ‘scale pan’.


word: BALANCE SHEET
russian_word: баланс
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a statement of the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business or other organization at a particular point in time, detailing the balance of income and expenditure over the preceding period.


word: BALCONETTE
russian_word: балконет
example: a balconette bra is great for providing a bit of extra cleavage
origin: 1940s: from balcon- (as in balcony) + -ette.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbalkəˈnɛt
phonetics_text: ˌbalkəˈnɛt
definition:
a bra with low-cut cups and straps that are set far apart, designed to give uplift to the breasts and create cleavage.


word: BALD
russian_word: лысый
example: he was starting to go bald|the bald statement in the preceding paragraph requires amplification
antonyms: hairy
synonyms: hairless|bald-headed|smooth|shaven|depilated|baldy|glabrous|bald-pated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: bɔːld
phonetics_text: bɔːld
definition:
having a scalp wholly or partly lacking hair.|not having any extra detail or explanation; plain or blunt.

origin:
Middle English: probably from a base meaning ‘white patch’, whence the archaic sense ‘marked or streaked with white’. Compare with Welsh ceffyl bal, denoting a horse with a white mark on its face.


word: BALDERDASH
russian_word: галиматья
example: she dismissed talk of plots as 'balderdash'
definition: senseless talk or writing; nonsense.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɔːldədaʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbɔːldədaʃ
synonyms:
nonsense|gibberish|claptrap|blather|blether|rubbish|tripe|hogwash|baloney|drivel|bilge|bosh|bull|bunk|guff|eyewash|piffle|poppycock|phooey|hooey|malarkey|twaddle|dribble|rot|cobblers|codswallop|cock|stuff and nonsense|tosh|cack|havers|garbage|flapdoodle|blathers|applesauce|wack|bushwa|bunkum|tommyrot|cod|gammon|toffee|shit|bullshit|horseshit|crap|bollocks|balls|crapola|bulldust

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a frothy liquid; later, an unappetizing mixture of drinks): of unknown origin.


word: BALDNESS
russian_word: облысение
synonyms: hair loss|hairlessness|alopecia|madarosis
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɔːldnəs
phonetics_text: ˈbɔːldnəs
example:
we cannot cure baldness, nor restore hair to denuded scalps|the baldness of his comments on this subject

definition:
the condition of having a scalp wholly or partly lacking hair.|speech without any extra detail or explanation; plainness; bluntness.


word: BALDRIC
russian_word: перевязь
origin: Middle English baudry, from Old French baudre, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɔːldrɪk
phonetics_text: ˈbɔːldrɪk
definition:
a belt for a sword or other piece of equipment, worn over one shoulder and reaching down to the opposite hip.


word: BALE
russian_word: тюк
example: the fire destroyed 500 bales of hay
definition: a large wrapped or bound bundle of paper, hay, or cotton.
synonyms: bundle|truss|bunch|pack|package|parcel|load
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: beɪl
phonetics_text: beɪl
origin:
Middle English: probably from Middle Dutch, from Old French; ultimately of Germanic origin and related to ball1.


word: BALEFUL
russian_word: зловещий
example: Bill shot a baleful glance in her direction
definition: threatening harm; menacing.
antonyms: benevolent|friendly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbeɪlfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈbeɪlfʊl|ˈbeɪlf(ə)l
synonyms:
menacing|threatening|unfriendly|hostile|antagonistic|evil|evil-intentioned|wicked|nasty|hate-filled|bitter|acrimonious|malevolent|malicious|malignant|malign|sinister|deadly|harmful|injurious|dangerous|noxious|virulent|pernicious|venomous|poisonous|vitriolic|vindictive|malefic|maleficent


word: BALK
russian_word: брус
example: he balked at such a drastic solution
definition: hesitate or be unwilling to accept an idea or undertaking.
antonyms: accept
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: bɔːlk
phonetics_text: bɔːlk|bɔːk
synonyms:
eschew|resist|refuse to|be unwilling to|draw the line at|be reluctant to|draw back from|flinch from|shrink from|shy from|recoil from|quail at|demur from|hesitate over|scruple to|take exception to|not like to|hate to|jib at|scorn|disdain

origin:
late Old English balc, from Old Norse bálkr ‘partition’. The original use was ‘unploughed ridge’, later ‘land left unploughed by mistake’, hence ‘blunder, omission’, giving rise to the verb use ‘miss (a chance)’. A late Middle English sense ‘obstacle’ gave rise to the verb senses ‘hesitate’ and ‘hinder’.


word: BALL
russian_word: мяч
example: a cricket ball|his half century came off only forty balls
synonyms: sphere|globe|orb|globule|spherule|spheroid|ovoid|drop|droplet|bead|pill
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse bǫllr, of Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bɔːl
phonetics_text: bɔːl
definition:
a solid or hollow spherical or egg-shaped object that is kicked, thrown, or hit in a game.|(in cricket) a delivery of the ball by the bowler to the batsman.|the rounded protuberant part of the foot at the base of the big toe.


word: BALLAD
russian_word: баллада
synonyms: song|folk song|shanty|ditty|canzone|poem|tale|saga
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaləd
phonetics_text: ˈbaləd
definition:
a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next.|a slow sentimental or romantic song.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting a light, simple song): from Old French balade, from Provençal balada ‘dance, song to dance to’, from balar ‘to dance’, from late Latin ballare (see ball2). The sense ‘narrative poem’ dates from the mid 18th century.


word: BALLADE
russian_word: баллада
origin: late Middle English: earlier spelling and pronunciation of ballad.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: baˈlɑːd
phonetics_text: baˈlɑːd
definition:
a poem consisting of one or more triplets of stanzas with a repeated refrain and an envoi.|a piece of music in romantic style with dramatic elements, typically for piano.


word: BALLON
russian_word: баллон
origin: French, from Italian ballone, from balla ‘ball’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbalɒ̃
phonetics_text: ˈbalɒ̃
definition:
(in dancing) the ability to appear effortlessly suspended while performing movements during a jump.|variant spelling of balloon (sense 4 of the noun).


word: BALLOON
russian_word: воздушный шар
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bəˈluːn
phonetics_text: bəˈluːn
example:
the room was festooned with balloons and streamers|he set his sights on crossing the Pacific by balloon|a balloon reading ‘Ka-Pow!’|a balloon of armagnac

definition:
a small coloured rubber bag which is inflated with air and then sealed at the neck, used as a child's toy or a decoration.|a large bag filled with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, typically one carrying a basket for passengers.|a rounded outline in which the words or thoughts of characters in a comic strip or cartoon are written.|a large rounded drinking glass, used especially for brandy.|a stupid person.

synonyms:
hot-air balloon|fire balloon|barrage balloon|weather balloon|airship|dirigible|Zeppelin|Montgolfier|envelope|gasbag|blimp

origin:
late 16th century (originally denoting a game played with a large inflated leather ball): from French ballon or Italian ballone ‘large ball’.


word: BALLOT
russian_word: голосование
example: a strike ballot
definition: a system of voting secretly and in writing on a particular issue.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbalət
phonetics_text: ˈbalət
origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting a small coloured ball placed in a container to register a vote): from Italian ballotta, diminutive of balla (see ball1).


word: BALLYHOO
russian_word: шумиха
example: after all the ballyhoo, the film was a flop
definition: extravagant publicity or fuss.
origin: late 19th century: American coinage of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: balɪˈhuː
phonetics_text: balɪˈhuː
synonyms:
publicity|advertising|promotion|marketing|propaganda|push|puffery|build-up|boosting|commotion|fuss|ado|flurry|excitement|ferment|tumult|hurly-burly|hue and cry|bustle|hustle and bustle|hype|spiel|hoo-ha|hullabaloo|flap|song and dance|splash|kerfuffle|carry-on|bobsy-die


word: BALM
russian_word: бальзам
example: a skin balm for use after shaving
antonyms: astringent|irritant
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bɑːm
phonetics_text: bɑːm
definition:
a fragrant cream or liquid used to heal or soothe the skin.|a tree which yields a fragrant resinous substance, especially one used in medicine.|a bushy herb of the mint family, with leaves smelling and tasting of lemon.

synonyms:
ointment|lotion|cream|salve|liniment|embrocation|rub|gel|emollient|unguent|balsam|moisturizer|pomade|pomatum|demulcent|humectant|unction

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘preparation for embalming, fragrant resinous substance’): from Old French basme, from Latin balsamum (see balsam).


word: BALMY
russian_word: ароматный
example: the balmy days of late summer
definition: characterized by pleasantly warm weather.|variant spelling of barmy.
antonyms: harsh|wintry
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbɑːmi
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːmi
synonyms:
mild|gentle|temperate|summery|calm|tranquil|clement|fine|pleasant|benign|soothing|soft|fragrant|scented|perfumed


word: BALTHAZAR
russian_word: Бальтазар
definition: a very large wine bottle, equivalent in capacity to sixteen regular bottles.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: balˈθazə
phonetics_text: balˈθazə
origin:
1930s: from Balthazar, the name of the king of Babylon, who ‘made a great feast … and drank wine before a thousand’ (Dan. 5:1).


word: BAMBOOZLE
russian_word: мистифицировать
example: he bamboozled Canada's largest banks in a massive counterfeit scam
definition: cheat or fool.
origin: early 18th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: bamˈbuːz(ə)l
phonetics_text: bamˈbuːz(ə)l
synonyms:
trick|deceive|delude|hoodwink|mislead|take in|dupe|fool|double-cross|cheat|defraud|swindle|outwit|outmanoeuvre|catch out|gull|hoax|beguile|entrap|con|bilk|diddle|rook|put one over on|pull a fast one on|take for a ride|lead up the garden path|spoof|shaft|do|have|gyp|flimflam|sucker|snooker|goldbrick|give someone a bum steer|pull a swifty on|cozen|chicane|sell|illude


word: BAN
russian_word: запретить
example: parking is banned around the harbour in summer
definition: officially or legally prohibit (something).
antonyms: permit
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ban
phonetics_text: ban
synonyms:
prohibit|forbid|veto|proscribe|disallow|outlaw|make illegal|embargo|place an embargo on|bar|debar|block|stop|put a stop to|put an end to|suppress|interdict|enjoin|restrain

origin:
Old English bannan  ‘summon by a public proclamation’, of Germanic origin, reinforced by Old Norse banna ‘curse, prohibit’; the noun is partly from Old French ban ‘proclamation, summons, banishment’.


word: BANAL
russian_word: банальный
example: songs with banal, repeated words
definition: so lacking in originality as to be obvious and boring.
antonyms: original
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: bəˈnɑːl
phonetics_text: bəˈnɑːl|bəˈnal
synonyms:
trite|hackneyed|clichéd|platitudinous|vapid|commonplace|ordinary|common|stock|conventional|stereotyped|predictable|overused|overdone|overworked|stale|worn out|time-worn|tired|threadbare|hoary|hack|unimaginative|unoriginal|derivative|uninspired|prosaic|dull|boring|pedestrian|run-of-the-mill|routine|humdrum|old hat|corny|played out|hacky|cornball|dime-store|truistic|bromidic

origin:
mid 18th century (originally relating to feudal service in the sense ‘compulsory’, hence ‘common to all’): from French, from ban ‘a proclamation or call to arms’; ultimately of Germanic origin and related to ban1.


word: BANALITY
russian_word: банальность
example: there is an essential banality to the story he tells
definition: the fact or condition of being banal; unoriginality.
antonyms: originality|epigram|witticism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bəˈnalɪti
phonetics_text: bəˈnalɪti
synonyms:
triteness|platitudinousness|vapidity|pedestrianism|conventionality|predictability|staleness|unimaginativeness|lack of originality|lack of inspiration|prosaicness|dullness|ordinariness|corniness|platitude|cliché|truism|banal phrase|trite phrase|hackneyed phrase|overworked phrase|stock phrase|commonplace|old chestnut|bromide


word: BANCO
russian_word: Банко
origin: late 18th century: via French from Italian.
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: ˈbaŋkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈbaŋkəʊ
definition:
(in baccarat, chemin de fer, and similar games) an indication of a player's willingness to meet the banker's whole stake single-handed.


word: BAND
russian_word: полоса
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: band
phonetics_text: band
example:
wads of banknotes fastened with gummed paper bands|a long, narrow band of cloud|your home was placed in one of eight valuation bands|must I fall, and die in bands?

definition:
a flat, thin strip or loop of material, used as a fastener, for reinforcement, or as decoration.|a stripe, line, or elongated area of a different colour, texture, or composition from its surroundings.|a range of values or a specified category within a series (used especially in financial contexts).|a thing that restrains, binds, or unites.

synonyms:
belt|sash|girdle|strap|tape|ring|hoop|loop|circlet|circle|cord|tie|string|thong|ribbon|fillet|strip|cincture

origin:
late Old English (in band1 (sense 4 of the noun)), from Old Norse, reinforced in late Middle English by Old French bande, of Germanic origin; related to bind.


word: BANDAGE
russian_word: повязка
example: her leg was swathed in bandages
definition: a strip of woven material used to bind up a wound or to protect an injured part of the body.
origin: late 16th century: from French, from bande (see band1).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbandɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈbandɪdʒ
synonyms:
dressing|covering|gauze|lint|compress|ligature|tourniquet|swathe|strap|sling|plaster|Elastoplast|Band-Aid


word: BANDIT
russian_word: бандит
example: the bandit produced a weapon and demanded money
definition: a robber or outlaw belonging to a gang and typically operating in an isolated or lawless area.
origin: late 16th century: from Italian bandito, ‘banned’, past participle of bandire ‘to ban’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbandɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbandɪt
synonyms:
robber|raider|mugger|brigand|freebooter|outlaw|desperado|hijacker|plunderer|pillager|looter|marauder|gangster|gunman|criminal|crook|thief|holdupper|rustler|highwayman|footpad|reaver|snaphance|cateran|mosstrooper


word: BANDOLIER
russian_word: патронташ
definition: a shoulder belt with loops or pockets for cartridges.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbandəˈlɪə
phonetics_text: ˌbandəˈlɪə
origin:
late 16th century: from French bandoulière ; perhaps from Spanish bandolera (from banda ‘sash’), or from Catalan bandolera (from bandoler ‘bandit’).


word: BANDONEON
russian_word: бандонеон
definition: a type of square concertina, especially popular in Argentina.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: banˈdəʊnɪən
phonetics_text: banˈdəʊnɪən
origin:
via Spanish from German Bandonion, named after Heinrich Band, the 19th-century German musician who invented it, + -on- (as in Harmonika ‘harmonica’) + -ion (as in Akkordion ‘accordion’).


word: BANDORA
russian_word: Бандора
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: banˈdɔːrə
phonetics_text: banˈdɔːrə
definition:
a kind of bass lute with a scallop-shaped body and metal strings, typical of English consorts of the late 16th and 17th centuries.

origin:
mid 16th century: origin uncertain; compare with Dutch bandoor, Spanish bandurria, also with banjo; probably based on Greek pandoura ‘three-stringed lute’.


word: BANDURA
russian_word: бандура
origin: Ukrainian; compare with bandora.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: banˈduːrə
phonetics_text: banˈduːrə
definition:
a Ukrainian stringed instrument resembling a large asymmetrical lute with many strings, held vertically and plucked like a zither.


word: BANE
russian_word: отрава
example: the telephone was the bane of my life
definition: a cause of great distress or annoyance.|something, especially poison, which causes death.
origin: Old English bana ‘thing causing death, poison’, of Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: beɪn
phonetics_text: beɪn
synonyms:
scourge|ruin|death|plague|ruination|destruction|torment|torture|menace|suffering|pain|distress|hardship|cross to bear|burden|thorn in one's flesh/side|bitter pill|affliction|calamity|despair|trouble|misery|woe|tribulation|misfortune|nuisance|pest|headache|trial|blight|curse|nightmare


word: BANG
russian_word: взрыв
example: the door slammed with a bang|she brushed back her wispy bangs
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adverb|exclamation
phonetic: baŋ
phonetics_text: baŋ
definition:
a sudden loud, sharp noise.|a fringe of hair cut straight across the forehead.|an act or instance of having sex.|the character ‘!’.

synonyms:
sharp noise|crack|boom|clang|peal|clap|pop|snap|knock|tap|slam|bump|thud|thump|clunk|clonk|clash|crash|smash|smack|stamp|stomp|clump|clomp|report|explosion|detonation|shot|wham|whump

origin:
mid 16th century: imitative, perhaps of Scandinavian origin; compare with Old Norse bang ‘hammering’.


word: BANISH
russian_word: изгонять
example: a number of people were banished to Siberia for political crimes
definition: send (someone) away from a country or place as an official punishment.
antonyms: admit|readmit
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈbanɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbanɪʃ
synonyms:
exile|expel|deport|eject|expatriate|extradite|repatriate|transport|cast out|oust|drive away|evict|throw out|exclude|shut out|ban|excommunicate|ostracize

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French baniss-, lengthened stem of banir ; ultimately of Germanic origin and related to ban1.


word: BANJO
russian_word: банджо
origin: mid 18th century: originally a black American alteration of bandore (see bandora).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbandʒəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈbandʒəʊ
definition:
a stringed instrument of the guitar family, with a round open-backed soundbox of parchment stretched over a metal hoop.


word: BANK
russian_word: банк
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: baŋk
phonetics_text: baŋk
example:
willows lined the bank of the stream|a grassy bank|the DJ had big banks of lights and speakers on either side of his console|a bank shot

definition:
the land alongside or sloping down to a river or lake.|a long, high mass or mound of a particular substance.|a set of similar things, especially electrical or electronic devices, grouped together in rows.|the cushion of a pool table.

synonyms:
edge|side|embankment|levee|border|verge|boundary|margin|rim|fringe|fringes|flank|brink|perimeter|circumference|extremity|periphery|limit|outer limit|limits|bound|bounds|marge|bourn|skirt

origin:
Middle English: from Old Norse bakki, of Germanic origin; related to bench. The senses ‘set of things in rows’ and ‘tier of oars’ are from French banc, of the same ultimate origin.


word: BANKNOTE
russian_word: банкнота
example: a £100 banknote
antonyms: coin|plastic
synonyms: note|bill|greenback|Treasury note|paper money
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaŋknəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈbaŋknəʊt
definition:
a piece of paper money, constituting a central bank's promissory note to pay a stated sum to the bearer on demand.


word: BANKRUPT
russian_word: банкрот
example: his father went bankrupt and the family had to sell their home|their cause is morally bankrupt
antonyms: solvent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbaŋkrʌpt
phonetics_text: ˈbaŋkrʌpt
definition:
(of a person or organization) declared in law as unable to pay their debts.|completely lacking in a particular good quality.

synonyms:
insolvent|bankrupted|failed|ruined|wiped out|gone under|in debt|owing money|in the red|in arrears|in administration|in receivership|bust|belly up|gone to the wall|on the rocks|broke|flat broke|smashed|skint|stony broke|cleaned out|in Queer Street|in Carey Street

origin:
mid 16th century: from Italian banca rotta ‘broken bench’, from banca (see bank2) and rompere ‘to break’. The change in the ending was due to association with Latin rupt- ‘broken’.


word: BANKRUPTCY
russian_word: банкротство
example: many companies were facing bankruptcy|the intellectual bankruptcy of the corporate media
definition: the state of being bankrupt.|the state of being completely lacking in a particular good quality.
antonyms: solvency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaŋkrʌptsi
phonetics_text: ˈbaŋkrʌptsi
synonyms:
insolvency|liquidation|failure|(financial) ruin|ruination|debt|indebtedness|penury|beggary|administration|receivership|pauperdom


word: BANKSIA
russian_word: банксия
origin: modern Latin, named after Sir Joseph Banks (see Banks, Sir Joseph).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaŋksɪə
phonetics_text: ˈbaŋksɪə
definition:
an evergreen Australian shrub that typically has narrow leathery leaves and numerous small flowers borne on cylindrical spikes (often likened to bottlebrushes).


word: BANKSMAN
russian_word: рукоятчик
example: the driver had no banksman to help him before he reversed|a banksman was at the top of the shaft
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaŋksmən
phonetics_text: ˈbaŋksmən
definition:
a worker at a building site who supervises the use of vehicles and heavy machinery.|a person who works at the mouth of a mine shaft or pit, supervising the loading of coal and the lowering and raising of the cage.

origin:
late 16th century (in banksman (sense 2)): from bank1 in the sense ‘area surrounding the top of a shaft or the mouth of a pit’ + man.


word: BANNER
russian_word: баннер
example: a nuclear disarmament banner was carried round the war memorial|a banner ad
synonyms: placard|sign|poster|notice
origin: Middle English: from Old French baniere, ultimately of Germanic origin and related to band2.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈbanə
phonetics_text: ˈbanə
definition:
a long strip of cloth bearing a slogan or design, carried in a demonstration or procession or hung in a public place.|a heading or advertisement appearing on a web page in the form of a bar, column, or box.


word: BANNOCK
russian_word: пресная лепешка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbanək
phonetics_text: ˈbanək
example:
tablecloths are spread across the heather and weighed down with herring, scones, and bannocks|students can visit a community elder and grab some bannock

definition:
(in Scottish and northern English cooking) a flat, unsweetened cake made with oatmeal or barley flour and typically unleavened.|(originally in indigenous Canadian cooking) a type of bread made with wheat flour, shaped into round, flat cakes and fried or baked.

origin:
Old English bannuc, of Celtic origin; related to Welsh ban, Breton bannac'h, banne, and Cornish banna ‘a drop’.


word: BANQUETTE
russian_word: банкет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: baŋˈkɛt
phonetics_text: baŋˈkɛt
definition:
an upholstered bench along a wall, especially in a restaurant or bar.|a raised step behind a rampart.

origin:
early 17th century (in banquette (sense 2)): from French, from Italian banchetta, diminutive of banca ‘bench’ (see bank2). banquette (sense 1) dates from the mid 19th century.


word: BANTAMWEIGHT
russian_word: легчайший вес
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbantəmweɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbantəmweɪt
definition:
a weight in boxing and other sports intermediate between flyweight and featherweight. In the amateur boxing scale it ranges from 51 to 54 kg.


word: BANTER
russian_word: подшучивать
example: there was much good-natured banter
definition: the playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks.
origin: late 17th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbantə
phonetics_text: ˈbantə
synonyms:
repartee|raillery|ripostes|sallies|swordplay|quips|wisecracks|crosstalk|wordplay|badinage|witty conversation|witty remarks|witticism(s)|joking|jesting|jocularity|drollery|bons mots|kidding|ribbing|joshing|bants|persiflage


word: BANTU
russian_word: банту
origin: mid 19th century: plural (in certain Bantu languages) of -ntu ‘person’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: banˈtuː
phonetics_text: banˈtuː|ˈbantuː
definition:
relating to or denoting a group of Niger–Congo languages spoken in central and southern Africa, including Swahili, Xhosa, and Zulu.


word: BANYAN
russian_word: маклер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbanjən
phonetics_text: ˈbanjən
definition:
an Indian fig tree, the branches of which produce wide-ranging aerial roots which later become accessory trunks.|a loose flannel undergarment worn in India.

origin:
late 16th century: from Portuguese, from Gujarati vāṇiyo ‘man of the trading caste’, from Sanskrit. Originally denoting a Hindu merchant, the term was applied, by Europeans in the mid 17th century, to a tree under which such traders had built a pagoda.


word: BAOBAB
russian_word: баобаб
definition: a short tree with a very thick trunk and large edible fruit, living to a great age.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbeɪə(ʊ)bab
phonetics_text: ˈbeɪə(ʊ)bab
origin:
mid 17th century: probably from an African language; first recorded in Latin (1592), in a treatise on the plants of Egypt by the Italian botanist Prosper Alpinus.


word: BAP
russian_word: булочка
origin: late 16th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bap
phonetics_text: bap
definition:
a large, round, flattish bread roll, typically with a spongy texture and floury top.|a woman's breasts.


word: BAPTISM
russian_word: крещение
example: the sacrament of baptism
synonyms: christening|naming|immersion|sprinkling|lustration
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaptɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈbaptɪz(ə)m
definition:
the Christian religious rite of sprinkling water on to a person's forehead or of immersing them in water, symbolizing purification or regeneration and admission to the Christian Church. In many denominations, baptism is performed on young children and is accompanied by name-giving.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French baptesme, via ecclesiastical Latin from ecclesiastical Greek baptismos ‘ceremonial washing’, from baptizein ‘immerse, baptize’.


word: BAPTIST
russian_word: баптист
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaptɪst
phonetics_text: ˈbaptɪst
definition:
a member of a Protestant Christian denomination advocating baptism only of adult believers by total immersion. Baptists form one of the largest Protestant bodies and are found throughout the world and especially in the US.|a person who baptizes someone.

origin:
Middle English (in baptist (sense 2)): from Old French baptiste, via ecclesiastical Latin from ecclesiastical Greek baptistēs, from baptizein ‘immerse, baptize’.


word: BAPTISTERY
russian_word: баптистерий
definition: the part of a church used for baptism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbaptɪst(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈbaptɪst(ə)ri
origin:
Middle English: from Old French baptistere, via ecclesiastical Latin from ecclesiastical Greek baptistērion, from baptizein ‘immerse, baptize’.


word: BAPTIZE
russian_word: крестить
example: he was baptized Joshua
definition: administer baptism to (someone); christen.
synonyms: christen|immerse|sprinkle|lustrate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: bapˈtʌɪz
phonetics_text: bapˈtʌɪz
origin:
Middle English: via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin baptizare, from Greek baptizein ‘immerse, baptize’.


word: BAR
russian_word: бар
antonyms: aid
origin: Middle English: from Old French barre (noun), barrer (verb), of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb|preposition
phonetic: bɑː
phonetics_text: bɑː
example:
an iron bar|standing at the bar|political differences are not necessarily a bar to a good relationship|the opening bars of the first hymn|the prisoner at the bar|his dismissal from the Singapore Bar

definition:
a long rigid piece of wood, metal, or similar material, typically used as an obstruction, fastening, or weapon.|a counter in a pub, restaurant, or cafe across which drinks or refreshments are served.|a barrier or restriction to an action or advance.|any of the short sections or measures, typically of equal time value, into which a piece of music is divided, shown on a score by vertical lines across the stave.|a partition in a court room, now usually notional, beyond which most people may not pass and at which an accused person stands.|the profession of barrister.

synonyms:
rod|pole|stake|stick|batten|shaft|shank|rail|pale|paling|spar|strut|support|prop|spoke|crosspiece|girder|beam|boom


word: BARB
russian_word: колючка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bɑːb
phonetics_text: bɑːb
definition:
a sharp projection near the end of an arrow, fish hook, or similar object, which is angled away from the main point so as to make extraction difficult.|a fleshy filament at the mouth of some fish, such as barbel and catfish.|a freshwater fish with barbels around the mouth, popular in aquaria.

synonyms:
spike|prong|point|projection|spur|thorn|needle|prickle|spine|quill|bristle|tine|spicule|spicula|spiculum|spinule

origin:
Middle English (denoting a piece of linen worn over or under the chin by nuns): from Old French barbe, from Latin barba ‘beard’.


word: BARBARIAN
russian_word: варвар
example: the city was besieged by the barbarians
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: bɑːˈbɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: bɑːˈbɛːrɪən
definition:
(in ancient times) a member of a people not belonging to one of the great civilizations (Greek, Roman, Christian).

origin:
Middle English (as an adjective used in a derogatory way to denote a person with different speech and customs): from Old French barbarien, from barbare, or from Latin barbarus (see barbarous).


word: BARBARIC
russian_word: варварский
definition: savagely cruel.|primitive; unsophisticated.
antonyms: benevolent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: bɑːˈbarɪk
phonetics_text: bɑːˈbarɪk
example:
he carried out barbaric acts in the name of war|the barbaric splendour he found in civilizations since destroyed

synonyms:
cruel|brutal|barbarous|brutish|bestial|savage|vicious|fierce|ferocious|wicked|nasty|ruthless|remorseless|merciless|villainous|murderous|heinous|nefarious|monstrous|base|low|low-down|vile|inhuman|infernal|dark|black|black-hearted|fiendish|hellish|diabolical|ghastly|horrible

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun in the sense ‘a barbarian’): from Old French barbarique, or via Latin from Greek barbarikos, from barbaros ‘foreign’ (especially with reference to speech).


word: BARBARITY
russian_word: варварство
definition: extreme cruelty or brutality.|absence of culture and civilization.
antonyms: benevolence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bɑːˈbarɪti
phonetics_text: bɑːˈbarɪti
example:
the barbarity of the act outraged millions|wildernesses were seen as places of great beauty rather than as places of barbarity

synonyms:
brutality|brutalism|cruelty|bestiality|barbarism|barbarousness|savagery|viciousness|fierceness|ferocity|wickedness|nastiness|ruthlessness|remorselessness|mercilessness|villainy|murderousness|heinousness|nefariousness|monstrousness|baseness|vileness|inhumanity|blackness|fiendishness|black-heartedness|hellishness|ghastliness|horror|atrocity|act of brutality|act of savagery|evil|crime|outrage|offence|abomination|obscenity|enormity|wrong


word: BARBAROUS
russian_word: варварский
definition: extremely brutal.|primitive and uncivilized.
antonyms: benevolent
origin: late Middle English (in barbarous (sense 2)): via Latin from Greek barbaros ‘foreign’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbɑːb(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːb(ə)rəs
example:
many early child-rearing practices were barbarous by modern standards|a remote and barbarous country

synonyms:
cruel|brutal|barbaric|brutish|bestial|savage|vicious|fierce|ferocious|wicked|nasty|ruthless|remorseless|merciless|villainous|murderous|heinous|nefarious|monstrous|base|low|low-down|vile|inhuman|infernal|dark|black|black-hearted|fiendish|hellish|diabolical|ghastly|horrible


word: BARBECUE
russian_word: барбекю
example: in the evening there was a barbecue
synonyms: meal cooked outdoors|… roast|cookout|braaivleis|hangi|BBQ|barbie
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbɑːbɪkjuː
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːbɪkjuː
definition:
a meal or gathering at which meat, fish, or other food is cooked out of doors on a rack over an open fire or on a special appliance.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Spanish barbacoa, perhaps from Arawak barbacoa ‘wooden frame on posts’. The original sense was ‘wooden framework for sleeping on, or for storing meat or fish to be dried’.


word: BARBED
russian_word: колючий
example: barbed arrows
definition: having a barb or barbs.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: bɑːbd
phonetics_text: bɑːbd
synonyms:
jagged|hooked|spiky|spiked|spined|spiny|prickly|thorny|scratchy|bristly|bristled|briary|brambly|sharp|pointed|spinose|spinous


word: BARBED WIRE
russian_word: колючая проволока
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbɑːbd ˈwʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˌbɑːbd ˈwʌɪə
definition:
wire with clusters of short, sharp spikes set at short intervals along it, used to make fences or in warfare as an obstruction.


word: BARBERRY
russian_word: барбарис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɑːb(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːb(ə)ri
definition:
a spiny shrub which typically has yellow flowers and red berries, frequently grown for ornamental hedging.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French berberis (see berberis). The change in the ending was due to association with berry.


word: BARBET
russian_word: барбет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɑːbɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːbɪt
definition:
a large-headed, brightly coloured fruit-eating bird that has a stout bill with tufts of bristles at the base. Barbets are found on all continents, especially in the tropics.

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a poodle): from French, from barbe ‘beard’ (see barb1). The current sense dates from the early 19th century.


word: BARCAROLE
russian_word: баркарола
definition: a song traditionally sung by Venetian gondoliers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɑːkərəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːkərəʊl|ˌbɑːkəˈrəʊl
origin:
late 18th century: from French barcarolle, from Venetian Italian barcarola ‘boatman's song’, from barca ‘boat’.


word: BARD
russian_word: бард
example: our national bard, Robert Burns
definition: a poet, traditionally one reciting epics and associated with a particular oral tradition.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bɑːd
phonetics_text: bɑːd
synonyms:
poet|versifier|verse-maker|rhymester|rhymer|sonneteer|lyricist|lyrist|elegist|laureate|balladeer|swan|troubadour|rhymist|maker|metricist|ballad-monger|idyllist|Parnassian|poeticule|poetaster

origin:
Middle English: from Scottish Gaelic bàrd, Irish bard, Welsh bardd, of Celtic origin. In Scotland in the 16th century it was a derogatory term for an itinerant musician, but was later romanticized by Sir Walter Scott.


word: BARDO
russian_word: бардо
origin: Tibetan bár-do, from bar ‘interval’ + do ‘two’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɑːdəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːdəʊ
definition:
(in Tibetan Buddhism) a state of existence between death and rebirth, varying in length according to a person's conduct in life and manner of, or age at, death.


word: BARE
russian_word: голый
example: he was bare from the waist up|he outlined the bare essentials of the story
definition: (of a person or part of the body) not clothed or covered.|without addition; basic and simple.
antonyms: clothed
origin: Old English bær (noun), barian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch baar .
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|determiner|adverb
phonetic: bɛː
phonetics_text: bɛː
synonyms:
naked|unclothed|undressed|uncovered|stripped|with nothing on|in a state of nature|disrobed|unclad|undraped|exposed|nude|in the nude|stark naked|au naturel|without a stitch on|in one's birthday suit|in the raw|in the altogether|in the buff|in the nuddy|mother naked|starkers|in the scud|scuddy|bare-assed|buck naked|bollocky|bollock-naked


word: BAREFACED
russian_word: неприкрытый
example: a barefaced lie|his years of working barefaced, breathing down dust
definition: shameless and undisguised.|having an uncovered face.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: bɛːˈfeɪst
phonetics_text: bɛːˈfeɪst
synonyms:
flagrant|blatant|glaring|obvious|undisguised|unconcealed|overt|open|transparent|patent|evident|manifest|palpable|unmistakable|shameless|unabashed|unashamed|without shame|impudent|insolent|audacious|unembarrassed|unblushing|brazen|brass-necked|brash|bold|unrepentant|arrant


word: BARELY
russian_word: едва
example: she nodded, barely able to speak|their barely furnished house
definition: only just; almost not.|in a simple and sparse way.|openly; explicitly.
antonyms: easily
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈbɛːli
phonetics_text: ˈbɛːli
synonyms:
hardly|scarcely|just|only just|narrowly|by the skin of one's teeth|by a hair's breadth|by a very small margin|by the narrowest of margins|by a nose|almost not|by a whisker


word: BARGAIN
russian_word: сделка
example: bargains between political parties supporting the government|the table was a real bargain
antonyms: rip-off
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbɑːɡɪn
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːɡɪn
definition:
an agreement between two or more people or groups as to what each will do for the other.|a thing bought or offered for sale much more cheaply than is usual or expected.

synonyms:
agreement|arrangement|understanding|deal|contract|pact|compact|covenant|concordat|treaty|entente|accord|concord|protocol|convention|pledge|promise|engagement|transaction|negotiation

origin:
Middle English: from Old French bargaine (noun), bargaignier (verb); probably of Germanic origin and related to German borgen ‘borrow’.


word: BARGE
russian_word: баржа
synonyms: lighter|canal boat|flatboat|narrowboat|wherry|scow
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bɑːdʒ
phonetics_text: bɑːdʒ
definition:
a long flat-bottomed boat for carrying freight on canals and rivers, either under its own power or towed by another.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a small seagoing vessel): from Old French, perhaps based on Greek baris ‘Egyptian boat’.


word: BARN
russian_word: сарай
definition: a large farm building used for storing grain, hay, or straw or for housing livestock.
origin: Old English bern, berern, from bere ‘barley’ + ern, ærn ‘house’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bɑːn
phonetics_text: bɑːn
synonyms:
outbuilding|shed|outhouse|shelter|stable|mews|stall|pound|sty|coop|Dutch barn|byre|linhay|grange|garner


word: BARNET
russian_word: Барнет
definition: a person's hair.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɑːnɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbɑːnɪt
origin:
mid 19th century: from rhyming slang barnet fair, the name of a famous horse fair held at Barnet, Herts.


word: BARON
russian_word: барон
example: a press baron
antonyms: small fry
synonyms: noble|nobleman|aristocrat|peer|lord
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbar(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈbar(ə)n
definition:
a member of the lowest order of the British nobility. Baron is not used as a form of address, barons usually being referred to as ‘Lord’.|an important or powerful person in a specified business or industry.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin baro, baron- ‘man, warrior’, probably of Germanic origin.


word: BARONY
russian_word: вотчина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbar(ə)ni
phonetics_text: ˈbar(ə)ni
definition:
the rank and estates of a baron.|(in Ireland) a division of a county.|(in Scotland) a large manor or estate.


word: BAROQUE
russian_word: барокко
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: bəˈrɒk
phonetics_text: bəˈrɒk|bəˈrəʊk
definition:
relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed Mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail. In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Wren in England. Major composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel; Caravaggio and Rubens are important baroque artists.

origin:
mid 18th century: from French (originally designating a pearl of irregular shape), from Portuguese barroco, Spanish barrueco, or Italian barocco ; of unknown ultimate origin.


