# Dictionary_data_final

word: BUFF
russian_word: любитель
example: a buff envelope
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: bʌf
phonetics_text: bʌf
definition:
a yellowish-beige colour.|a stout dull yellow leather with a velvety surface.|a stick, wheel, or pad used for polishing.

origin:
mid 16th century: probably from French buffle, from Italian bufalo, from late Latin bufalus (see buffalo). The original sense in English was ‘buffalo’, later ‘oxhide’ or ‘colour of oxhide’.


word: BUFFER
russian_word: буфер
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʌfə
phonetics_text: ˈbʌfə
example:
family and friends can provide a buffer against stress|print speed is boosted by pages being formatted in a buffer while another is printing

definition:
a person or thing that reduces a shock or that forms a barrier between incompatible or antagonistic people or things.|a solution which resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.|a temporary memory area in which data is stored while it is being processed or transferred, especially one used while streaming video or downloading audio.

synonyms:
cushion|bulwark|shield|screen|barrier|guard|safeguard|hedge|shock absorber|armour|intermediary|middleman|go-between

origin:
mid 19th century: probably from obsolete buff (verb), imitative of the sound of a blow to a soft body.


word: BUFFER STATE
russian_word: буферное государство
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a small neutral country situated between two larger hostile countries and serving to prevent the outbreak of regional conflict.


word: BUFFET
russian_word: буфет
example: a cold buffet lunch
synonyms: cold table|cold meal|self-service|smorgasbord
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊfeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈbʊfeɪ|ˈbʌfeɪ
definition:
a meal consisting of several dishes from which guests serve themselves.|a room or counter in a station, hotel, or other public building selling light meals or snacks.|a cabinet with shelves and drawers for keeping dinnerware and table linens; a sideboard.

origin:
early 18th century (denoting a sideboard): from French, from Old French bufet ‘stool’, of unknown origin.


word: BUFFLEHEAD
russian_word: гоголь американский
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌf(ə)lhɛd
phonetics_text: ˈbʌf(ə)lhɛd
definition:
a small North American diving duck related to the goldeneye, with a large puffy head. The male has white plumage with a black back.

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘simpleton’): from obsolete buffle ‘buffalo’ + head. The current sense (mid 18th century) may be an independent formation because of the duck's large square-shaped head.


word: BUFFOON
russian_word: шут
definition: a ridiculous but amusing person; a clown.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bəˈfuːn
phonetics_text: bəˈfuːn
synonyms:
fool|idiot|dolt|ass|nincompoop|blockhead|dunce|dunderhead|ignoramus|dullard|moron|simpleton|donkey|jackass|chump|numbskull|dope|twit|nitwit|halfwit|clot|bonehead|fathead|birdbrain|twerp|ninny|numpty|nit|berk|muppet|prat|wazzock

origin:
mid 16th century: from French bouffon, from Italian buffone, from medieval Latin buffo ‘clown’. Originally recorded as a rare Scots word for a kind of pantomime dance, the term later (late 16th century) denoted a professional jester.


word: BUG
russian_word: ошибка
synonyms: insect|flea|mite|midge|creepy-crawly|beastie|minibeast
origin: early 17th century: of unknown origin. Current verb senses date from the mid 20th century.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʌɡ
phonetics_text: bʌɡ
example:
their ham was found to be contaminated with food bugs|a thick green scum which crawls with bugs, centipedes, and worse|they cleaned out the bugs and wiretaps|a custom program we used developed a bug

definition:
a harmful microorganism, typically a bacterium.|a small insect.|an insect of a large order distinguished by having mouthparts that are modified for piercing and sucking.|a concealed miniature microphone, used for secret eavesdropping or recording.|an error in a computer program or system.


word: BUGBEAR
russian_word: пугало
example: the biggest villain is that adman's bugbear, saturated fat
origin: late 16th century: probably from obsolete bug ‘bogey’ (of unknown origin) + bear2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɡbɛː
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɡbɛː
definition:
a cause of obsessive fear, anxiety, or irritation.|an imaginary being invoked to frighten children, typically a sort of hobgoblin supposed to devour them.

synonyms:
pet hate|hate|bane|irritant|irritation|dislike|anathema|aversion|vexation|thorn in one's flesh/side|bane of one's life|torment|nightmare|horror|dread|curse|bugaboo|bogey|bête noire|peeve|pet peeve|pain|pain in the neck|hang-up


word: BUGGER
russian_word: мудак
part_of_speech: noun|verb|exclamation
phonetic: ˈbʌɡə
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɡə
definition:
used as a term of abuse, typically for a man.|a person who penetrates the anus of someone during sexual intercourse.

origin:
Middle English (originally denoting a heretic, specifically an Albigensian): from Middle Dutch, from Old French bougre ‘heretic’, from medieval Latin Bulgarus ‘Bulgarian’, particularly one belonging to the Orthodox Church and therefore regarded as a heretic by the Roman Church. The sense ‘sodomite’ (16th century) arose from an association of heresy with forbidden sexual practices; its use as a general insult dates from the early 18th century.


word: BUGGERED
russian_word: содомией
definition: (of a person) extremely tired.|seriously harmed or damaged.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌɡəd
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɡəd
example:
when I got there I was absolutely buggered|the tumble left me with a bruised knee and a buggered arm


word: BUGGERY
russian_word: содомия
definition: anal sexual intercourse.|used in various expressions as an intensifier.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɡəri
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɡəri
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘heresy’): from Middle Dutch buggerie, from Old French bougrerie, from bougre (see bugger).


word: BUGLOSS
russian_word: воловик
definition: a bristly plant of the borage family, with bright blue flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbjuːɡlɒs
phonetics_text: ˈbjuːɡlɒs
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French buglosse or Latin buglossus, from Greek bouglōssos ‘ox-tongued’, from bous ‘ox’ + glōssa ‘tongue’.


word: BUILD
russian_word: строить
example: the ironworks were built in 1736|we built up confidence in our abilities
definition: construct (something) by putting parts or material together.|make stronger or more intense.
antonyms: demolish
origin: Old English byldan, from bold, botl ‘dwelling’, of Germanic origin; related to bower1.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: bɪld
phonetics_text: bɪld
synonyms:
construct|erect|put up|assemble|set up|raise|make|fabricate|form|manufacture|create|fashion|model|mould|shape|forge|knock together


word: BUILDER
russian_word: строитель
example: a boatbuilder
definition: a person who constructs something by putting parts or material together.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɪldə
phonetics_text: ˈbɪldə
synonyms:
designer|planner|maker|constructor|deviser|contriver|establisher|creator|fabricator|architect|wright


word: BUILDING
russian_word: здание
example: the building of motorways|a picture of her standing amongst a building of rooks
synonyms: structure|construction|edifice|erection|pile|property|premises|establishment|place
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɪldɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈbɪldɪŋ
definition:
a structure with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory.|the action or trade of constructing something.|a flock of rooks.


word: BUILD ON
russian_word: пристраивать
example: Britain should build on the talents of its workforce
definition: use something as a basis for further development.
synonyms:
expand on|enlarge on|develop|elaborate|flesh out|add flesh to|add detail to|embellish|enhance|amplify|refine|improve|polish|perfect


word: BUILD UP
russian_word: накоплять
example:
he was an obsessive collector of paintings, drawings, and sculpture, and he built up a huge collection|if you want to build yourself up you can go to the gym|I felt tears building up in my eyes

definition:
assemble or accumulate something by putting parts or material together.|make a person or their body stronger.|become stronger or more intense; grow or accumulate.


word: BUILD-UP
russian_word: сосредоточение
example: the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere|the build-up to Christmas
antonyms: decrease
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɪldʌp
phonetics_text: ˈbɪldʌp
definition:
a gradual accumulation or increase, typically of something negative that leads to a problem.|a period of excitement and preparation before a significant event.

synonyms:
increase|growth|expansion|spread|enlargement|escalation|development|accumulation|proliferation|multiplication|snowballing|mushrooming|building up|accretion|gathering|amassing


word: BULB
russian_word: лампа
synonyms: tuber|corm|rhizome
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek bolbos ‘onion, bulbous root’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bʌlb
phonetics_text: bʌlb
definition:
a rounded underground storage organ present in some plants, notably those of the lily family, consisting of a short stem surrounded by fleshy scale leaves or leaf bases, lying dormant over winter.|a light bulb.|an expanded part of a glass tube such as that forming the reservoir of a thermometer.


word: BULBIL
russian_word: луковичка
origin: mid 19th century: from modern Latin bulbillus, diminutive of bulbus ‘onion, bulbous root’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌlbɪl
phonetics_text: ˈbʌlbɪl
definition:
a small bulblike structure, in particular one in the axil of a leaf, which may fall to form a new plant.


word: BULBOUS
russian_word: выпуклый
example: a bulbous nose|the bulbous buttercup
definition: fat, round, or bulging.|(of a plant) growing from a bulb.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌlbəs
phonetics_text: ˈbʌlbəs
synonyms:
bulging|round|fat|rotund|swollen|spherical|swelling|distended|bloated|protuberant|ovoid|convex|pear-shaped|bulb-shaped|balloon-shaped|tumid


word: BULBUL
russian_word: соловей
origin: mid 17th century: from Persian, of imitative origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊlbʊl
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlbʊl
definition:
a tropical African and Asian songbird, typically having a crest, drab plumage, and a melodious voice.


word: BULGE
russian_word: выпуклость
example: the telltale bulge of a concealed weapon|a bulge in the birth rate
antonyms: decrease
synonyms: swelling|bump|lump|protuberance|protrusion|prominence|projection|eruption|convexity|intumescence
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʌldʒ
phonetics_text: bʌldʒ
definition:
a rounded swelling which distorts an otherwise flat surface.|an unusual temporary increase in number or size.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French boulge, from Latin bulga (see budget). The original meaning was ‘wallet or bag’, later ‘a ship's bilge’ (early 17th century); other senses presumably derived from association with the shape of a full bag.


word: BULK
russian_word: масса
example: residents jump up and down on their rubbish to reduce its bulk|the bulk of the traffic had passed
definition: the mass or size of something large.|the greater part of something.
antonyms: minority
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʌlk
phonetics_text: bʌlk
synonyms:
size|volume|dimensions|measurements|proportions|mass|substance|scale|magnitude|immensity|hugeness|vastness|massiveness|bulkiness|largeness|bigness|ampleness|amplitude

origin:
Middle English: the senses ‘cargo as a whole’ and ‘heap, large quantity’ (the earliest recorded) are probably from Old Norse búlki ‘cargo’; other senses arose perhaps by alteration of obsolete bouk ‘belly, body’.


word: BULKY
russian_word: громоздкий
example: a bulky carrier bag
definition: taking up much space; large and unwieldy.
antonyms: small|compact|manageable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌlki
phonetics_text: ˈbʌlki
synonyms:
large|big|great|huge|of considerable size|sizeable|substantial|voluminous|girthy|immense|enormous|colossal|massive|mammoth|vast|goodly|prodigious|tremendous|gigantic|giant|monumental|stupendous|gargantuan|elephantine|titanic|mountainous|monstrous|mighty|epic|inordinate|unlimited|king-size|king-sized|giant-size|giant-sized|man-size|man-sized|outsize|oversized|overgrown|considerable|major|Brobdingnagian|cumbersome|unmanageable|unmanoeuvrable|unwieldy|awkward|ponderous|heavy|weighty|jumbo|whopping|whopping great|thumping|thumping great|hulking|mega|humongous|monster|astronomical|dirty great|whacking|whacking great|ginormous|incommodious


word: BULLDOZE
russian_word: сгребать бульдозером
example: developers are bulldozing the site
definition: clear (ground) or destroy (buildings, trees, etc.) with a bulldozer.
antonyms: construct
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈbʊldəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈbʊldəʊz
synonyms:
demolish|knock down|tear down|pull down|flatten|fell|level|raze|raze to the ground|clear|destroy|lay waste to

origin:
late 19th century (originally US in the sense ‘intimidate’): from bull1 + -doze, alteration of the noun dose.


word: BULLET
russian_word: пуля
example: you can apply your lipstick straight from the bullet but I like to use a brush
synonyms: ball|shot|slug|lead
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlɪt
definition:
a metal projectile for firing from a rifle, revolver, or other small firearm, typically cylindrical and pointed, and sometimes containing an explosive.|a small symbol used to introduce each item in a list, for emphasis.|a stick of lipstick (considered separately from the tube in which it is encased).

origin:
early 16th century (denoting a cannonball): from French boulet, boulette ‘small ball’, diminutive of boule, from Latin bulla ‘bubble’.


word: BULLETIN
russian_word: бюллетень
definition: a short official statement or broadcast summary of news.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊlɪtɪn
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlɪtɪn
synonyms:
report|news|news report|newscast|flash|newsflash|headlines|dispatch|piece|story|communiqué|press release|statement|announcement|account|message|communication|notification

origin:
mid 17th century (denoting an official warrant in some European countries): from French, from Italian bullettino, diminutive of bulletta ‘passport’, diminutive of bulla ‘seal, bull’.


word: BULLETIN BOARD
russian_word: доска объявлений
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a website or web page where users can post comments about a particular issue or topic and reply to other users' postings.|a noticeboard.


word: BULLFINCH
russian_word: снегирь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊlfɪn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlfɪn(t)ʃ
definition:
a stocky Eurasian finch with a short, thick bill, typically having grey or pinkish plumage, dark wings, and a white rump.|a Caribbean songbird of the bunting family, resembling the Old World bullfinch.


word: BULLISH
russian_word: бычий
definition: aggressively confident and self-assertive.|characterized by rising share prices.
antonyms: pessimistic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʊlɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlɪʃ
example:
he has campaigned courageously despite difficulties that would have stopped many more bullish men|the market was bullish

synonyms:
optimistic|hopeful|buoyant|positive|sanguine|confident|cheerful|cheery|bright|assured|animated|spirited|upbeat|of good cheer


word: BULLOCK
russian_word: вол
definition: a male domestic bovine animal that has been castrated and is raised for beef.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʊlək
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlək
origin:
late Old English bulluc, diminutive of bula (see bull1). The verb (late 19th century) is by association with a bullock's use as a draught animal.


word: BULLY
russian_word: хулиган
example: he is a ranting, domineering bully
definition: a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive as vulnerable.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʊli
phonetics_text: ˈbʊli
synonyms:
persecutor|oppressor|tyrant|tormentor|browbeater|intimidator|coercer|subjugator|scourge|tough|heavy|bully boy|ruffian|thug|attack dog|badass

origin:
mid 16th century: probably from Middle Dutch boele ‘lover’. Original use was as a term of endearment applied to either sex; it later became a familiar form of address to a male friend. The current sense dates from the late 17th century.


word: BULRUSH
russian_word: ситник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊlrʌʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlrʌʃ
definition:
a tall reedlike water plant with a dark brown velvety cylindrical head of numerous tiny flowers.|another term for clubrush.|(in biblical use) a papyrus plant.

origin:
late Middle English: probably from bull1 in the sense ‘large or coarse’, as in words such as bullfrog .


word: BULWARK
russian_word: оплот
example: the ships met, their crews lining the bulwarks
definition: a defensive wall.|an extension of a ship's sides above the level of the deck.
origin: late Middle English: from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bolwerk ; related to bole1 and work.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊlwək
phonetics_text: ˈbʊlwək
synonyms:
wall|rampart|fortification|parapet|stockade|palisade|barricade|embankment|earthwork|breastwork|berm|vallum|circumvallation


word: BUM
russian_word: задница
example: bums had been known to wander up to their door and ask for a sandwich|a ski bum
definition: a vagrant.|a person who devotes a great deal of time to a specified activity.
origin: mid 19th century: probably from bummer.
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: bʌm
phonetics_text: bʌm
synonyms:
tramp|vagrant|vagabond|homeless person|derelict|down-and-out|itinerant|traveller|drifter|wanderer|person of no fixed address|beachcomber|ne'er do well|good for nothing|outcast|pariah|beggar|mendicant|hobo|bagman|sundowner|swagman|streety|crusty|bag lady|dosser|derro


word: BUMBLE
russian_word: заикаться
example: they bumbled around the house|the succeeding speakers bumbled
definition: move or act in an awkward or confused manner.|speak in a confused or indistinct way.
antonyms: efficient|expert
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘hum, drone’): from boom1 + -le4.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈbʌmb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbʌmb(ə)l
synonyms:
blunder|lurch|stumble|wobble|lumber|shamble|shuffle|stagger|totter|teeter|reel|weave|pitch|muddle|flounder|falter|sprauchle|blundering|bungling|amateurish|incompetent|inept|unskilful|inexpert|clumsy|maladroit|gauche|awkward|inefficient|muddled|oafish|clodhopping|stumbling|lumbering|foolish|useless|crude|botched|ham-fisted|ham-handed|cack-handed


word: BUMBOAT
russian_word: лодка, доставляющая провизию на суда
definition: a small vessel carrying provisions for sale to moored or anchored ships.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌmbəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈbʌmbəʊt
origin:
late 17th century: from bum2 + boat. The term originally denoted a scavenger's boat removing ships' refuse, often also bringing produce for sale.


word: BUMP
russian_word: удар
antonyms: pothole
origin: mid 16th century (as a verb): imitative, perhaps of Scandinavian origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʌmp
phonetics_text: bʌmp
example:
a nasty bump on the head|bumps in the road|there was a bump in the number of outbound flights|I'm giving this thread a well-deserved bump

definition:
a light blow or a jolting collision.|a protuberance on a level surface.|an increase.|(in an online forum) an act of posting on an inactive thread in order to move it to the top of the list of active threads.|a loosely woven fleeced cotton fabric used in upholstery and as lining material.

synonyms:
jolt|collision|crash|smash|smack|crack|thwack|bang|thud|thump|buffet|knock|rap|tap|impact|whack|bash|wallop


word: BUMPER
russian_word: бампер
example: she started the car with a jerk and hit the bumper of the car in front
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌmpə
phonetics_text: ˈbʌmpə
definition:
a horizontal bar fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to reduce damage in a collision.|another term for bouncer (sense 2).|a flat race for inexperienced horses which are intended for future racing in hurdles or steeplechases.|a generous glassful of an alcoholic drink, typically one drunk as a toast.

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘person or thing that bumps something’): from bump + -er1. bumper (sense 4 of the noun) derives from the earlier form bumping, meaning ‘very large, great’, and is the source of the adjective meaning ‘exceptionally large, fine, or successful’, as in a bumper year . bumper (sense 3 of the noun) is said to be from an earlier racing term meaning ‘amateur rider’.


word: BUMP INTO
russian_word: ударяться
example: I bumped into her on the way back from the hospital
definition: meet someone by chance.
synonyms:
meet (by chance)|encounter|meet up with|run into|come across|run across|chance on|stumble on/across|happen on|run against


word: BUMPKIN
russian_word: мужлан
example: she thought Tom a bit of a country bumpkin
definition: an unsophisticated or socially awkward person from the countryside.
antonyms: sophisticate
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌm(p)kɪn
phonetics_text: ˈbʌm(p)kɪn
synonyms:
yokel|country cousin|rustic|countryman|countrywoman|country dweller|son/daughter of the soil|peasant|provincial|oaf|lout|boor|barbarian|clod|clodhopper|yahoo|yob|yobbo|culchie|bogman|hayseed|hillbilly|hick|rube|schlub|bushy|carl|churl|hind|kern|bucolic

origin:
late 16th century: perhaps from Dutch boomken ‘little tree’ or Middle Dutch bommekijn ‘little barrel’, used to denote a dumpy person.


word: BUMPTIOUS
russian_word: самоуверенный
example: an impossibly bumptious and opinionated ass
definition: irritatingly self-assertive.
antonyms: self-effacing
origin: early 19th century: humorously from bump, on the pattern of fractious .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌm(p)ʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈbʌm(p)ʃəs
synonyms:
self-important|conceited|arrogant|self-assertive|full of oneself|puffed up|swollen-headed|pompous|overbearing|(self-)opinionated|cocky|swaggering|strutting|presumptuous|forward|imperious|domineering|pontificating|sententious|grandiose|affected|stiff|vain|haughty|overweening|proud|egotistic|egotistical|supercilious|condescending|patronizing|snooty|uppity|uppish|pushy


word: BUMPY
russian_word: неровный
example: the car jolted on the bumpy road
definition: (of a surface) uneven, with many patches raised above the rest.
antonyms: smooth|level
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌmpi
phonetics_text: ˈbʌmpi
synonyms:
uneven|rough|irregular|holed|potholed|holey|rutted|pitted|rutty|lumpy|knobby|knobbly|gnarled|stony|rocky


word: BUNCH
russian_word: связка
example: a bunch of grapes
origin: late Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʌn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: bʌn(t)ʃ
definition:
a number of things, typically of the same kind, growing or fastened together.|a girl's hairstyle in which the hair is tied back into two clumps at the back or on either side of the head.

synonyms:
bouquet|spray|posy|nosegay|corsage|wreath|garland|chaplet|buttonhole|flower arrangement|boutonnière|tussie-mussie|cluster|clump|knot|group|assemblage|collection


word: BUNDLE
russian_word: пакет
example: a thick bundle of envelopes
definition: a collection of things or quantity of material tied or wrapped up together.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʌnd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbʌnd(ə)l
synonyms:
bunch|roll|clump|wad|parcel|packet|package|pack|sheaf|bale|bolt|truss|fascicle|pile|stack|heap|mass|quantity|armful|collection|accumulation|agglomeration|lot|batch|load|wodge

origin:
Middle English: perhaps originally from Old English byndelle  ‘a binding’, reinforced by Low German and Dutch bundel (to which byndelle is related).


word: BUNDLING
russian_word: комплектации
example: the bundling of the browser and the operating system
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌnd(ə)lɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈbʌnd(ə)lɪŋ
definition:
the selling of different items, typically of hardware or software, together as a package.|the practice of sleeping fully clothed with another person, as a former local custom during courtship.


word: BUNGLE
russian_word: неумело
example: he bungled his first attempt to manage a group of professional players
definition: carry out (a task) clumsily or incompetently.
antonyms: succeed in|manage successfully
origin: mid 16th century: of unknown origin; compare with bumble.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)l
synonyms:
mishandle|mismanage|mess up|make a mess of|botch|spoil|mar|ruin|make a hash of|muff|fluff|foul up|screw up|louse up|bitch up|blow|foozle|make a muck of|make a pig's ear of|cock up|make a Horlicks of|flub|goof up|bobble|fuck up|bollix up|bugger up|balls up


word: BUNGLER
russian_word: растяпа
example: the government is evidently a bunch of bunglers
definition: a person who habitually bungles things; an amateur.
antonyms: expert
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌŋɡlə
phonetics_text: ˈbʌŋɡlə
synonyms:
blunderer|incompetent|amateur|bumbler|botcher|clown|hopeless case|mutt|butterfingers|bodger|prat|jackleg|spud|lurdan|shower


word: BUNKUM
russian_word: болтовня
example: they talk a lot of bunkum about their products
definition: nonsense.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌŋkəm
phonetics_text: ˈbʌŋkəm
synonyms:
nonsense|balderdash|gibberish|claptrap|blarney|guff|blather|blether|rubbish|hogwash|baloney|tripe|drivel|gobbledygook|bilge|bosh|bull|bunk|hot air|eyewash|piffle|poppycock|phooey|hooey|malarkey|twaddle|dribble|rot|cobblers|codswallop|cock|stuff and nonsense|tosh|double Dutch|flannel|waffle|havers|garbage|flapdoodle|blathers|wack|bushwa|applesauce|tommyrot|cod|gammon|toffee|shit|bullshit|crap|bollocks|balls|crapola|bulldust

origin:
mid 19th century (originally buncombe ): named after Buncombe County in North Carolina, mentioned in an inconsequential speech made by its congressman solely to please his constituents ( c.  1820).


word: BUOY
russian_word: буй
definition: an anchored float serving as a navigation mark, to show reefs or other hazards, or for mooring.
synonyms: marker|anchored float|navigation mark|guide|beacon|signal
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bɔɪ
phonetics_text: bɔɪ
origin:
Middle English: probably from Middle Dutch boye, boeie, from a Germanic base meaning ‘signal’. The verb is from Spanish boyar ‘to float’, from boya ‘buoy’.


word: BUOYANCY
russian_word: плавучесть
example: there is renewed buoyancy in the demand for steel
antonyms: depression|pessimism
synonyms: ability to float|tendency to float|lightness|floatability
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɔɪənsi
phonetics_text: ˈbɔɪənsi
definition:
the ability or tendency of something to float in water or other fluid.|a cheerful and optimistic attitude or disposition.|a high level of activity in an economy or stock market.


word: BUOYANT
russian_word: плавучий
example: the conference ended with the party in a buoyant mood|car sales were buoyant
antonyms: heavy
synonyms: able to float|light|floating|floatable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbɔɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈbɔɪənt
definition:
able or tending to keep afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas.|cheerful and optimistic.|(of an economy, business, or market) involving or engaged in much successful trade or activity.

origin:
late 16th century: from French bouyant or Spanish boyante, present participle of boyar ‘to float’ (see buoy).


word: BURBLE
russian_word: бормотание
definition: make a continuous murmuring noise.|(of an airflow) break up into turbulence.
synonyms: gurgle|bubble|murmur|purr|purl|tinkle|whir|drone|rumble|buzz|hum|plash
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbəːb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbəːb(ə)l
example:
a stream burbled through the woods|the air no longer flows smoothly over the wing but burbles and slows down, decreasing lift

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘to bubble’): imitative. Current senses date from the late 19th century.


word: BURDEN
russian_word: бремя
synonyms: load|cargo|freight|weight|charge|pack|bundle|parcel
origin: Old English byrthen, of West Germanic origin; related to bear1.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbəːd(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈbəːd(ə)n
definition:
a load, typically a heavy one.|the main theme or gist of a speech, book, or argument.|the refrain or chorus of a song.


word: BURDENSOME
russian_word: обременительный
example: the burdensome responsibilities of professional life
definition: difficult to carry out or fulfil; taxing.
antonyms: easy|light
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbəːdns(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈbəːdns(ə)m
synonyms:
onerous|oppressive|troublesome|weighty|worrisome|vexatious|irksome|trying|crushing|inconvenient|awkward|a nuisance|harsh|severe|stiff|stringent|formidable|an imposition|arduous|strenuous|rigorous|uphill|difficult|hard|laborious|Herculean|exhausting|tiring|taxing|demanding|punishing|gruelling|back-breaking|exacting|wearing|stressful|wearisome|fatiguing|toilsome|exigent


word: BURDOCK
russian_word: лопух большой
origin: late 16th century: from burr + dock4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːdɒk
phonetics_text: ˈbəːdɒk
definition:
a large herbaceous Old World plant of the daisy family. The hook-bearing flowers become woody burrs after fertilization and cling to animals' coats to aid seed dispersal.


word: BUREAU
russian_word: бюро
example: a news bureau
synonyms: desk|writing desk|writing table|roll-top desk|davenport|secretaire|escritoire
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbjʊərəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈbjʊərəʊ
definition:
a writing desk with drawers and typically an angled top opening downwards to form a writing surface.|an office or department for transacting particular business.

origin:
late 17th century: from French, originally ‘baize’ (used to cover writing desks), from Old French burel, probably from bure ‘dark brown’, based on Greek purros ‘red’.


word: BUREAUCRACY
russian_word: бюрократия
example: the unnecessary bureaucracy in local government
origin: early 19th century: from French bureaucratie, from bureau (see bureau).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbjʊ(ə)ˈrɒkrəsi
phonetics_text: ˌbjʊ(ə)ˈrɒkrəsi
definition:
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.|excessively complicated administrative procedure.

synonyms:
civil service|administration|government|directorate|the establishment|the system|the powers that be|corridors of power|ministries|authorities|officials|officialdom|Big Brother


word: BUREAUCRATIC
russian_word: бюрократический
example: well-established bureaucratic procedures
antonyms: simple|relaxed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌbjɔːrəˈkratɪk
phonetics_text: ˌbjɔːrəˈkratɪk|ˌbjʊərəˈkratɪk
definition:
relating to a system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

synonyms:
administrative|official|procedural|red-tape|governmental|ministerial|state|civic|constitutional|political|rule-bound|rigid|inflexible|complicated|by the book


word: BURGEON
russian_word: распускаться
example: the city's suburbs have burgeoned, sprawling out from the centre
definition: begin to grow or increase rapidly; flourish.
antonyms: shrink
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbəːdʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈbəːdʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
grow rapidly|increase rapidly/exponentially|expand|spring up|shoot up|swell|explode|boom|mushroom|proliferate|snowball|multiply|become more numerous|escalate|rocket|skyrocket|run riot|put on a spurt|flourish|thrive|prosper

origin:
Middle English: from Old French bourgeonner ‘put out buds’, from borjon ‘bud’, based on late Latin burra ‘wool’.


word: BURGLAR
russian_word: грабитель
definition: a person who commits burglary.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːɡlə
phonetics_text: ˈbəːɡlə
synonyms:
housebreaker|robber|cat burglar|raider|looter|pilferer|picklock|thief|sneak thief|safe-breaker|safe-blower|safe-cracker|kleptomaniac|intruder|trespasser|holdupper|filcher|cracksman|second-story man/worker|yegg

origin:
mid 16th century: from legal French burgler or Anglo-Latin burgulator, burglator ; related to Old French burgier ‘pillage’.


word: BURGLARY
russian_word: кража со взломом
example: a two-year sentence for burglary
definition: illegal entry of a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.
origin: early 16th century: from legal French burglarie, from burgler (see burglar).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːɡləri
phonetics_text: ˈbəːɡləri
synonyms:
housebreaking|breaking and entering|breaking in|forced entry|theft|thieving|stealing|robbery|robbing|larceny|thievery|pilfering|pilferage|looting|trespassing|filching|break-in|raid|hold-up|snatch|smash and grab|heist|stickup


word: BURIAL GROUND
russian_word: кладбище
definition: an area of ground set aside for the burying of human bodies.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
cemetery|graveyard|churchyard|necropolis|burial place|burying place|burying ground|garden of remembrance|kirkyard|memorial park|boneyard|golgotha|urnfield|God's acre|potter's field


word: BURKA
russian_word: бурка
origin: from Urdu and Persian burqa‘, from Arabic burqu‘ .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːkə
phonetics_text: ˈbəːkə|ˈbʊrkɑː
definition:
a long, loose garment covering the whole body from head to feet, worn in public by women in many Muslim countries.


word: BURLESQUE
russian_word: бурлеск
example: a novel which is a burlesque of the literary life|burlesque clubs
origin: mid 17th century: from French, from Italian burlesco, from burla ‘mockery’, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bəːˈlɛsk
phonetics_text: bəːˈlɛsk
definition:
an absurd or comically exaggerated imitation of something, especially in a literary or dramatic work; a parody.|a variety show, typically including striptease.

synonyms:
parody|caricature|travesty|pastiche|take-off|skit|imitation|satire|lampoon|send-up|spoof|pasquinade|pasticcio|piss-take


word: BURLY
russian_word: дородный
example: I saw a burly figure approaching
definition: (of a person) large and strong; heavily built.
antonyms: puny
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbəːli
phonetics_text: ˈbəːli
synonyms:
strapping|well built|sturdy|sturdily built|powerfully built|broad-shouldered|brawny|strong|muscular|muscly|well muscled|athletic|thickset|big|hefty|bulky|robust|rugged|stocky|lusty|Herculean|vigorous|hunky|beefy|husky|hulking|ripped|shredded|buff|jacked|stalwart|thewy|stark|mesomorphic

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘dignified, imposing’): probably from an unrecorded Old English word meaning ‘stately, fit for the bower’ (see bower1, -ly1).


word: BUR-MARIGOLD
russian_word: череда
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a plant of the daisy family, with inconspicuous yellow flowers and small barbed fruit which cling to passing animals. Several kinds are widespread weeds.


word: BURN
russian_word: сжигать
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: bəːn
phonetics_text: bəːn
example:
a fire burned and crackled cheerfully in the grate|he burned all the letters|he burned past us like a maniac|Mark burns him by saying he hasn't even heard of the guy's agency

definition:
(of a fire) produce flames and heat while consuming a material such as coal or wood.|destroy, damage, or injure by heat or fire.|produce (a CD or DVD) by copying from an original or master copy.|drive or move very fast.|insult (someone) in a particularly cutting way.

synonyms:
be on fire|be alight|be ablaze|blaze|go up|go up in smoke|be in flames|be aflame|smoulder|glow|flare|flash|flicker|be afire|be ardent

origin:
Old English birnan  ‘be on fire’ and bærnan ‘consume by fire’, both from the same Germanic base; related to German brennen .


word: BURNET
russian_word: кровохлебка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːnɪt
phonetics_text: ˈbəːnɪt
definition:
a herbaceous plant of the rose family, with globular pinkish flower heads and leaves composed of many small leaflets.|a day-flying moth that typically has greenish-black wings with crimson markings.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a kind of dark brown woollen cloth): from Old French brunete, burnete (denoting brown cloth or a plant with brown flowers), diminutives of brun ‘brown’.


word: BURNING
russian_word: сжигание
example: a burning building
definition: on fire.
antonyms: extinguished
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbəːnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈbəːnɪŋ
synonyms:
blazing|flaming|aflame|fiery|flaring|ignited|glowing|red-hot|flickering|smouldering|scorching|raging|roaring|live


word: BURNISH
russian_word: полировать
example: to burnish copper, I would probably use a drill with a pad attached to the end
definition: polish (something, especially metal) by rubbing.
antonyms: dull
synonyms: polish (up)|shine|brighten|rub up/down|buff (up)|smooth|glaze|furbish
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbəːnɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈbəːnɪʃ
origin:
Middle English: from Old French burniss-, lengthened stem of burnir, variant of brunir ‘make brown’, from brun ‘brown’.


word: BURN OUT
russian_word: сжигать
antonyms: be idle
example:
doing one task for too long can cause you to burn out|she claimed that at least four cars in the village had been burned out in recent months|the clutch had burned out

definition:
ruin one's health or become completely exhausted through overwork.|completely destroy a building or vehicle by fire, so that only a shell remains.|cease to function as a result of excessive heat or friction.

synonyms:
work too hard|work like a Trojan/horse/slave|wear oneself to a shadow|work one's fingers to the bone|drive oneself into the ground|sweat|sweat blood|work day and night|burn the candle at both ends|burn the midnight oil|overtax oneself|overtax one's strength|kill oneself|do too much|overdo it|strain oneself|overburden oneself|overload oneself|drive/push oneself too hard|knock oneself out|work one's tail off|work/sweat one's balls off


word: BURNT OFFERING
russian_word: всесожжение
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an offering burnt on an altar as a religious sacrifice.|an overcooked or charred meal or item of food.


word: BURN UP
russian_word: рассвирепеть
example:
most meteorites travelling towards earth burn up in the atmosphere|I was burning up, shaking and sweating|his thoughtless remarks really burn me up

definition:
(of an object entering the earth's atmosphere) be destroyed by heat.|(of a person) have a very high temperature.|make someone angry.


word: BURPEE
russian_word: Берпи
definition: a physical exercise consisting of a squat thrust made from and ending in a standing position.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːpiː
phonetics_text: ˈbəːpiː
origin:
1930s: named after Royal H. Burpee, American psychologist. The original usage was Burpee test, in which a series of burpees are executed in rapid succession, designed to measure agility and coordination.


word: BURRITO
russian_word: буррито
origin: Latin American Spanish, diminutive of Spanish burro, literally ‘donkey’ (see burro).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bʊˈriːtəʊ
phonetics_text: bʊˈriːtəʊ
definition:
a Mexican dish consisting of a tortilla rolled round a savoury filling, typically of minced beef or beans.


word: BURSE
russian_word: биржа
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bəːs
phonetics_text: bəːs
definition:
a flat, square, fabric-covered case in which a folded corporal cloth is carried to and from an altar in church.|the Royal Exchange in Cornhill, London.

origin:
late Middle English (in sense ‘purse’): from French bourse or medieval Latin bursa (see bourse, bursa).


word: BURST
russian_word: взрыв
example: one of the balloons burst|the words burst from him in an angry rush|Sophie burst out laughing
origin: Old English berstan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bersten, barsten .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: bəːst
phonetics_text: bəːst
definition:
break open or apart suddenly and violently, especially as a result of an impact or internal pressure.|issue suddenly and uncontrollably.|suddenly begin doing or producing something.|separate (continuous stationery) into single sheets.

synonyms:
split open|burst open|break open|tear open|rupture|crack|fracture|fragment|shatter|shiver|fly open|tear asunder|rend asunder|explode|blow up|detonate|go off|be set off|land|go bang


word: BURSTER
russian_word: разрывной заряд
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːstə
phonetics_text: ˈbəːstə
definition:
a cosmic source of powerful short-lived bursts of X-rays or other radiation.|a violent gale.|a machine which separates continuous stationery into single sheets.


word: BURTON
russian_word: полиспаст
definition: a light two-block tackle for hoisting.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbəːt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈbəːt(ə)n
origin:
early 18th century: alteration of Middle English Breton tackle, a nautical term in the same (see Breton).


word: BURY
russian_word: похоронить
example: he buried the box in the back garden|the countryside has been buried under layers of concrete
definition: put or hide underground.|cover (someone or something) completely.
antonyms: reveal|take out of
origin: Old English byrgan, of West Germanic origin; related to the verb borrow and to borough.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈbɛri
phonetics_text: ˈbɛri
synonyms:
hide|conceal|cover|put out of sight|secrete|enfold|submerge|sink|embed|engulf|immerse|enclose|tuck|cup|enshroud


word: BUSBAR
russian_word: шин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌsbɑː
phonetics_text: ˈbʌsbɑː
definition:
a system of electrical conductors in a generating or receiving station on which power is concentrated for distribution.


word: BUSH
russian_word: куст
synonyms: shrub|woody plant|undergrowth|shrubbery|hedge|thicket
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʊʃ
phonetics_text: bʊʃ
example:
a rose bush|they have to spend a night camping in the bush|a childish face with a bush of bright hair

definition:
a shrub or clump of shrubs with stems of moderate length.|(especially in Australia and Africa) wild or uncultivated country.|a luxuriant growth of thick hair or fur.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French bos, bosc, variants of bois ‘wood’, reinforced by Old Norse buski, of Germanic origin and related to Dutch bos and German Busch . The sense ‘uncultivated country’ is probably directly from Dutch bos .


word: BUST
russian_word: бюст
example: a 36-inch bust
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: bʌst
phonetics_text: bʌst
definition:
a woman's chest as measured around her breasts.|a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest.

synonyms:
chest|bosom|breasts|mammary glands|mammae|boobs|boobies|tits|titties|knockers|bazookas|melons|jubblies|bubbies|orbs|globes|jugs|bristols|charlies|baps|bazooms|casabas|chi-chis|hooters|norks|dugs|paps|embonpoint

origin:
mid 17th century (denoting the upper part or torso of a large sculpture): from French buste, from Italian busto, from Latin bustum ‘tomb, sepulchral monument’.


word: BUSTARD
russian_word: дрофа
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌstəd
phonetics_text: ˈbʌstəd
definition:
a large, heavily built, swift-running bird, found in open country in the Old World. The males of most bustards have a spectacular courtship display.

origin:
late 15th century: perhaps an Anglo-Norman French blend of Old French bistarde and oustarde, both from Latin avis tarda ‘slow bird’: the name is unexplained, as the bustards are fast runners.


word: BUSTLE
russian_word: суета
example: people clutching clipboards bustled about
definition: move in an energetic and busy manner.
antonyms: amble
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbʌs(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbʌs(ə)l
synonyms:
rush|dash|scurry|scuttle|scamper|scramble|flutter|fuss|hurry|hasten|make haste|race|run|sprint|tear|shoot|charge|chase|career|scutter|scoot|beetle|whizz|buzz|hare|zoom|zip

origin:
late Middle English: perhaps a variant of obsolete buskle, frequentative of busk  ‘prepare’, from Old Norse.


word: BUSTLING
russian_word: шумный
example: the bustling little town
definition: (of a place) full of activity.
antonyms: deserted|inactive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌslɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈbʌslɪŋ
synonyms:
busy|crowded|swarming|teeming|full|astir|buzzing|hectic|lively|vibrant|thronging|thronged|energetic|active|buzzy|heaving|like Piccadilly Circus


word: BUSY
russian_word: занято
example: he had been too busy to enjoy himself|the lavish set designs are a little too busy
definition: having a great deal to do.|excessively detailed or decorated.
antonyms: idle
origin: Old English bisgian (verb), bisig (noun); related to Dutch bezig, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
phonetic: ˈbɪzi
phonetics_text: ˈbɪzi
synonyms:
occupied (in)|engaged in|involved in|employed in|working at|labouring at|toiling at|slaving at|hard at work (on)|wrapped up (in/with)|rushed off one's feet (with)|hard-pressed|time-poor|at work (on)|on the job|absorbed in|engrossed in|immersed in|preoccupied with|active (in)|lively|industrious|bustling|energetic|tireless|busy as a bee|on the go|hard at it|on the hop|have one's hands full


word: BUSYBODY
russian_word: хлопотун
example: others considered him an interfering busybody
definition: a meddling or prying person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɪzɪbɒdi
phonetics_text: ˈbɪzɪbɒdi
synonyms:
meddler|interferer|mischief-maker|troublemaker|gossip|scandalmonger|muckraker|eavesdropper|intruder|ghoul|gawker|nosy parker|snoop|snooper|rubberneck|gawper|buttinsky|Paul Pry|pryer|pry


word: BUT
russian_word: но
antonyms: and
origin: Old English be-ūtan, būtan, būta ‘outside, without, except’ (see by, out).
part_of_speech: conjunction|preposition|adverb|noun
phonetic: bʌt
phonetics_text: bʌt|bət
example:
he stumbled but didn't fall|one cannot but sympathize|but that's an incredible saving!|I'm sorry, but I can't pay you|it never rains but it pours

definition:
used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned.|used to indicate the impossibility of anything other than what is being stated.|used to introduce a response expressing a feeling such as surprise or anger.|used after an expression of apology for what one is about to say.|without it being the case that.

synonyms:
yet|nevertheless|nonetheless|even so|however|still|notwithstanding|despite that|in spite of that|for all that|all the same|just the same|at the same time|be that as it may|though|although|still and all|withal|natheless|howbeit


word: BUTADIENE
russian_word: бутадиен
origin: early 20th century: from butane + di-1 + -ene.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌbjuːtəˈdʌɪiːn
phonetics_text: ˌbjuːtəˈdʌɪiːn
definition:
a colourless gaseous hydrocarbon made by catalytic dehydrogenation of butane. It is used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.


word: BUTCH
russian_word: короткая стрижка
example: a butch woman in a baseball cap
definition: having an appearance or other qualities of a type traditionally seen as masculine.
antonyms: effeminate|feminine
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: bʊtʃ
phonetics_text: bʊtʃ
synonyms:
manly|masculine|all man|virile|red-blooded|swashbuckling|mannish|manlike|unfeminine|unladylike|Amazonian|macho|viraginous|viragoish

origin:
mid 19th century: originally US dialect, short for butch knife, in the sense ‘a butcher's knife’; the current senses date from the mid 20th century.


word: BUTCHER
russian_word: мясник
synonyms: meat seller|meat merchant|meat trader|slaughterer|slaughterman|flesher
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʊtʃə
phonetics_text: ˈbʊtʃə
definition:
a person whose trade is cutting up and selling meat in a shop.|a person selling refreshments, newspapers, etc. on a train or in a theatre.

origin:
Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French bochier, from boc ‘he-goat’, probably of the same ultimate origin as buck1.


word: BUTCHERY
russian_word: бойня
example: the rebellions ended in butchery and defeat
synonyms: meat selling|meat retailing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʊtʃəri
phonetics_text: ˈbʊtʃəri
definition:
the work of slaughtering animals and preparing them for sale as meat.|the savage killing of large numbers of people.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a slaughterhouse or meat market): from Old French boucherie, from bouchier ‘butcher’.


word: BUTTERBUR
russian_word: белокопытник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌtəbəː
phonetics_text: ˈbʌtəbəː
definition:
a Eurasian waterside plant of the daisy family, the rounded flower heads of which are produced before the leaves. The large, soft leaves were formerly used to wrap butter, and extracts are used medicinally as an anticonvulsant.


word: BUTTERNUT
russian_word: орех серый
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌtənʌt
phonetics_text: ˈbʌtənʌt
definition:
a North American walnut tree which is cultivated as an ornamental and also for its quality timber.|a US Confederate soldier or supporter (so called because the fabric of the Confederate uniform was typically homespun and dyed with butternut extract).


word: BUTTER UP
russian_word: грубо льстить
example: don't try and butter me up in order to get privileged information
definition: flatter or praise someone as a means of gaining their help or support.
synonyms:
be obsequious towards|grovel to|be servile towards|be sycophantic towards|kowtow to|abase oneself to|demean oneself to|bow and scrape to|prostrate oneself to|toady to|truckle to|dance attendance on|fawn on|make up to|play up to|ingratiate oneself with|rub up the right way|curry favour with|wheedle|flatter|court|persuade|blarney|coax|talk into|get round|prevail on|suck up to|crawl to|creep to|be all over|lick someone's boots|fall all over|keep someone sweet|sweet-talk|soft-soap|brown-nose|blandish|lick/kiss someone's arse|lick/kiss someone's ass


word: BUTTON
russian_word: кнопка
synonyms: fastener|stud|link|toggle|hook|catch|clasp
origin: Middle English: from Old French bouton, of Germanic origin and related to butt1.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʌt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈbʌt(ə)n
definition:
a small disc or knob sewn on to a garment, either to fasten it by being pushed through a slit made for the purpose or for decoration.|a small device on a piece of electrical or electronic equipment which is pressed to operate it.|a badge bearing a design or slogan and pinned to clothing.


word: BUTTONHOOK
russian_word: крючок для застегивания башмаков
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌt(ə)nhʊk
phonetics_text: ˈbʌt(ə)nhʊk
definition:
a small hook with a long handle for fastening tight buttons (often formerly on buttoned boots).|a play in which a pass receiver runs straight downfield and then doubles back sharply towards the line of scrimmage.


word: BUTTON UP
russian_word: застегивать на пуговицы
definition: repress or inhibit something.|complete or conclude something satisfactorily.
example:
they've made it a point of pride to keep their feelings buttoned up|the deal will be officially buttoned up on Thursday


word: BUTTRESS
russian_word: поддерживать
example: the cathedral's massive buttresses|she clung to her shrinking faith as a buttress against despair
synonyms: prop|support|abutment|shore|pier|reinforcement|stanchion|stay|strut
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʌtrɪs
phonetics_text: ˈbʌtrɪs
definition:
a structure of stone or brick built against a wall to strengthen or support it.|a source of defence or support.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French (ars) bouterez ‘thrusting (arch)’, from boter ‘to strike or thrust’ (see butt1).


word: BUXOM
russian_word: крепкая
example: a buxom blonde
definition: (of a woman) plump, with a full figure and large breasts.
antonyms: skinny|petite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌks(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈbʌks(ə)m
synonyms:
large-breasted|big-breasted|full-breasted|heavy-breasted|bosomy|large-bosomed|big-bosomed|full-bosomed|shapely|well covered|well padded|of ample proportions|ample|plump|rounded|well rounded|full-figured|womanly|voluptuous|curvaceous|Junoesque|Rubenesque|busty|chesty|stacked|well upholstered|well endowed|curvy|pneumatic|thick|thicc

origin:
Middle English: from the stem of Old English būgan  ‘to bend’ (see bow2) + -some1. The original sense was ‘compliant, obliging’, later ‘lively and good-tempered’, influenced by the traditional association of plumpness and good health with an easy-going nature.


word: BUY
russian_word: купить
definition: obtain in exchange for payment.|accept the truth of.
antonyms: sell
origin: Old English bycgan, of Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: bʌɪ
phonetics_text: bʌɪ
example:
she bought six first-class stamps|I am not prepared to buy the claim that the ends justify the means

synonyms:
purchase|make a/the purchase of|acquire|obtain|get|pick up|snap up|take|secure|procure|come by|pay for|shop for|invest in|put money into|get hold of|get one's hands on|lay one's hands on|get one's mitts on|score


word: BUYABLE
russian_word: покупаемый
definition: able to be bought; on sale.|susceptible to bribery.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈbʌɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪəb(ə)l
example:
these banned sweets are still buyable in markets|you're saying that the leaders of other nations are buyable


word: BUYER
russian_word: покупатель
definition: a person who makes a purchase.
antonyms: seller
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪə
synonyms:
purchaser|shopper|customer|consumer|client|patron|investor|user|clientele|patronage|public|trade|market|vendee|emptor


word: BUY IN
russian_word: выкупать
example: we have garlic, onions, and potatoes from last year's crop, but we have to buy in everything else
definition:
buy supplies or commodities in large quantities from an external supplier.|withdraw something at auction because it fails to meet the reserve price.


word: BUZZ
russian_word: гул
origin: late Middle English: imitative.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: bʌz
phonetics_text: bʌz
example:
the buzz of the bees|there is a real buzz about the place|there's a strong buzz that he's in Scotland

definition:
a low, continuous humming or murmuring sound, made by or similar to that made by an insect.|an atmosphere of excitement and activity.|a rumour.

synonyms:
hum|humming|buzzing|murmur|drone|whir|whirring|fizz|fizzing|fuzz|hiss|singing|whisper|zizz|tinnitus|bombination|bombilation|susurration|susurrus|sibilation


word: BUZZARD
russian_word: канюк
origin: late Middle English: from Old French busard, based on Latin buteo ‘falcon’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌzəd
phonetics_text: ˈbʌzəd
definition:
a large hawklike bird of prey with broad wings and a rounded tail, often seen soaring in wide circles.|a vulture, especially a turkey vulture.


word: BY
russian_word: по
synonyms: no later than|in good time for|at|before
origin: Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei .
part_of_speech: preposition|adverb|noun
phonetic: bʌɪ
phonetics_text: bʌɪ
example:
malaria can be controlled by attacking the parasite|the shot missed her by miles|I've got to do this report by Monday|remains were discovered by the roadside|this animal always hunts by night|anything you do is all right by me|it was the least he could do, by God

definition:
identifying the agent performing an action.|indicating the means of achieving something.|indicating the amount or size of a margin.|indicating a deadline or the end of a particular time period.|indicating location of a physical object beside a place or object.|indicating the period in which something happens.|concerning; according to.|used in mild oaths.


word: BY ALL MEANS
russian_word: определенно
example: ‘May I make a suggestion?’ ‘By all means.’
definition: of course; certainly (granting a permission).
synonyms:
certainly|indeed|of course|definitely|without (a) doubt|without question|unquestionably|affirmative|surely|absolutely|naturally|with pleasure|assuredly|sure thing


word: BY AND BY
russian_word: вскоре
definition: before long; eventually.
synonyms:
eventually|ultimately|finally|in the end|as time goes on/by|one day|some day|sooner or later|in time|in a while|after a bit|in the long run|in the fullness of time|at a later time|at a later date|at length|at a future time/date|at some point in the future|in the future|in time to come|in due course


word: BY DEGREES
russian_word: постепенно
example: rivalries and prejudice were by degrees fading out
definition: a little at a time; gradually.
antonyms: suddenly|all at once
synonyms:
gradually|little by little|bit by bit|inch by inch|by stages|step by step|day by day|slowly|slowly but surely|piecemeal|inchmeal|gradatim


word: BY DESIGN
russian_word: намеренно
example: I became a presenter by default rather than by design
definition: as a result of a plan; intentionally.
antonyms: by accident|accidentally
synonyms:
deliberately|intentionally|on purpose|purposefully|knowingly|wittingly|consciously|premeditatedly|calculatedly


word: BY DINT OF
russian_word: посредством
example: he had got to where he was today by dint of sheer hard work
definition: by means of.
synonyms:
by means of|by use of|by virtue of|on account of|as a result of|as a consequence of|owing to|by reason of|on grounds of|on the strength of|due to|thanks to|by|via


word: BY FAR
russian_word: намного
example: this was by far the largest city in the area
definition: by a great amount.
synonyms:
by a great amount|by a good deal|by a long way/chalk/shot|by a mile|far and away|undoubtedly|doubtlessly|without doubt|without question|decidedly|markedly|positively|absolutely|easily|immeasurably|significantly|substantially|appreciably|noticeably|materially|beyond the shadow of a doubt|much|as sure as eggs is eggs


word: BYGONE
russian_word: прошлое
example: relics of a bygone age
definition: belonging to an earlier time.
antonyms: present|recent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɪɡɒn
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪɡɒn
synonyms:
past|former|earlier|one-time|long-ago|gone by|previous|forgotten|lost|finished|completed|of old|ancient|antiquated|obsolete|departed|dead|extinct|defunct|out of date|outmoded|passé|of yore|olden|foregone|forepassed


word: BYLINE
russian_word: подписи автора
example: his byline appeared in the first issue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɪlʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪlʌɪn
definition:
a line in a newspaper naming the writer of an article.|(chiefly in soccer) the part of the goal line to either side of the goal.


word: BY MEANS OF
russian_word: посредством
example: supplying water to cities by means of aqueducts
definition: with the help of; by using.
synonyms:
using|utilizing|employing|through|with the help of|with the aid of|as a result of|by dint of|by way of|by virtue of|via


word: BY NO MEANS
russian_word: никак
example: the outcome is by no means guaranteed
definition: not at all; certainly not.
synonyms:
not at all|in no way|not in the least|not in the slightest|not the least bit|not by a long shot|certainly not|absolutely not|definitely not|on no account|under no circumstances|not by a long chalk|no way


word: BYPASS
russian_word: байпас
example: I had a bypass last year so have been building up my strength
synonyms: detour|diversion|circuitous route|roundabout way|alternative route|ring road|relief road|rat run
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈbʌɪpɑːs
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪpɑːs
definition:
a road passing round a town or its centre to provide an alternative route for through traffic.|a secondary channel, pipe, or connection to allow a flow when the main one is closed or blocked.|a surgical operation in which an alternative channel is created, especially to improve blood flow to the heart when a coronary artery is blocked.


word: BY REASON OF
russian_word: из-за
example: persons who, by reason of age, are in need of care
definition: because of.
synonyms:
because of|on account of|as a result of|as a consequence of|owing to|due to|by virtue of|thanks to|through


word: BYSSUS
russian_word: рост волос в лобковой области
example: byssus threads
origin: late Middle English: from Latin, from Greek bussos, of Semitic origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbɪsəs
phonetics_text: ˈbɪsəs
definition:
a fine textile fibre and fabric of flax.|a tuft of tough silky filaments by which mussels and some other bivalves adhere to rocks and other objects.


word: BYSTANDER
russian_word: свидетель
example: water cannons were turned on marchers and innocent bystanders alike
definition: a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part.
antonyms: participant
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɪstandə
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪstandə
synonyms:
onlooker|passer-by|non-participant|observer|spectator|eyewitness|witness|looker-on|sightseer|watcher|viewer|gaper|gawper|rubberneck|beholder


word: BY VIRTUE OF
russian_word: посредством
example: they achieved pre-eminence by virtue of superior military strength
definition: because or as a result of.
synonyms:
because of|on account of|by reason of|by dint of|by means of|by way of|via|through|as a result of|as a consequence of|on the strength of|owing to|thanks to|due to|based on|with the help of|with the aid of|with the assistance of


word: BY WAY OF
russian_word: в качестве
definition: so as to pass through or across; via.|constituting; as a form of.|by means of.
example:
he travelled by way of Canterbury|‘I can't help it,’ shouted Tom by way of apology|non-compliance with the rules is punishable by way of a fine


word: BYWORD
russian_word: притча во языцех
example: his name became a byword for luxury
definition: a person or thing cited as a notable and outstanding example or embodiment of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈbʌɪwəːd
phonetics_text: ˈbʌɪwəːd
synonyms:
perfect example of|classic case of|model of|exemplar of|embodiment of|incarnation of|personification of|epitome of|typification of|synonymous with|avatar of


word: CABAL
russian_word: интрига
example: a cabal of dissidents
definition: a secret political clique or faction.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈbal
phonetics_text: kəˈbal
synonyms:
clique|faction|coterie|group|set|band|party|camp|gang|ring|cell|sect|caucus|league|confederacy|junta|pressure group|ginger group|push|junto|camarilla

origin:
late 16th century (denoting the Kabbalah): from French cabale, from medieval Latin cabala (see Kabbalah).


word: CABARET
russian_word: кабаре
example: she was seen recently in cabaret
definition: entertainment held in a nightclub or restaurant while the audience eat or drink at tables.
synonyms: entertainment|show|floor show|performance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkabəreɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkabəreɪ|ˌkabəˈreɪ
origin:
mid 17th century (denoting a French inn): from Old French, literally ‘wooden structure’, via Middle Dutch from Old Picard camberet ‘little room’. Current senses date from the early 20th century.


word: CABER
russian_word: кейбер
origin: early 16th century: from Scottish Gaelic cabar ‘pole’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪbə
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪbə
definition:
a roughly trimmed tree trunk used in the Scottish Highland sport of tossing the caber . This involves holding the caber upright and running forward to toss it so that it lands on the opposite end.


word: CABIN
russian_word: кабина
example: she lay in her cabin on a steamer|the cabin lay three miles into the reserve
origin: Middle English: from Old French cabane, from Provençal cabana, from late Latin capanna, cavanna .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkabɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkabɪn
definition:
a private room or compartment on a ship.|a small wooden shelter or house in a wild or remote area.|a cubicle or individual work space within a larger office.

synonyms:
berth|stateroom|compartment|room|deckhouse|sleeping quarters|forecabin|outside cabin|roundhouse|passenger area|passenger accommodation|cab


word: CABINET
russian_word: кабинет
example: a cocktail cabinet|a cabinet meeting
synonyms: cupboard|case|container
origin: mid 16th century: from cabin + -et1, influenced by French cabinet .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkabɪnɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkabɪnɪt
definition:
a cupboard with shelves or drawers for storing or displaying articles.|(in the UK, Canada, and other Commonwealth countries) the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy.|a small private room.


word: CABLE
russian_word: кабель
example: steel cables held the convoy together|an underground cable
synonyms: rope|cord|line|guy|piece of cordage|wire|chain|hawser|stay|bridle|topping lift|choker
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkeɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪb(ə)l
definition:
a thick rope of wire or hemp used for construction, mooring ships, and towing vehicles.|an insulated wire or wires having a protective casing and used for transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals.

origin:
Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French chable, from late Latin capulum ‘halter’.


word: CABOTAGE
russian_word: каботаж
definition: the right to operate sea, air, or other transport services within a particular territory.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkabətɑːʒ
phonetics_text: ˈkabətɑːʒ|ˈkabətɪdʒ
origin:
mid 19th century (in the sense ‘coastal trade’): from French, from caboter ‘sail along a coast’, perhaps from Spanish cabo ‘cape, headland’.


word: CABRIOLE
russian_word: гнутый
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkabrɪəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈkabrɪəʊl
definition:
a jump in which one leg is extended into the air forwards or backwards, the other is brought up to meet it, and the dancer lands on the second foot.

origin:
French, literally ‘light leap’, from cabrioler (earlier caprioler ), from Italian capriolare ‘to leap in the air’ (see capriole).


word: CABRIOLET
russian_word: кабриолет
definition: a car with a roof that folds down.|a light two-wheeled carriage with a hood, drawn by one horse.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkabrɪə(ʊ)leɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkabrɪə(ʊ)leɪ
origin:
mid 18th century: from French, from cabriole ‘goat's leap’, from cabrioler ‘to leap in the air’ (see cabriole); so named because of the carriage's motion.


word: CACAO
russian_word: какао
origin: mid 16th century: via Spanish from Nahuatl cacaua .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈkɑːəʊ
phonetics_text: kəˈkɑːəʊ|kəˈkeɪəʊ
definition:
seeds from a small tropical American evergreen tree, from which cocoa, cocoa butter, and chocolate are made.|the tree that bears cacao seeds, which are contained in large, oval pods that grow on the trunk. It is now cultivated mainly in West Africa.


word: CACHE
russian_word: кэш
example: an arms cache|typical cache sizes range from 64K to 256K
origin: late 18th century: from French, from cacher ‘to hide’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kaʃ
phonetics_text: kaʃ
definition:
a collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or inaccessible place.|an auxiliary memory from which high-speed retrieval is possible.

synonyms:
hoard|store|stockpile|stock|supply|collection|accumulation|reserve|fund|arsenal|hidden treasure|treasure|nest egg|stash|amassment


word: CACHOU
russian_word: конфета
definition: a pleasant-smelling lozenge sucked to mask bad breath.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaʃuː
phonetics_text: ˈkaʃuː|kəˈʃuː
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘catechu’): from French, from Portuguese cachu, from Malay kacu . The current sense dates from the early 18th century.


word: CACIQUE
russian_word: кацик
origin: mid 16th century: from Spanish or French, from Taino.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈsiːk
phonetics_text: kəˈsiːk
definition:
(in Latin America or the Spanish-speaking Caribbean) a native chief.|a gregarious tropical American bird that has black plumage with patches of red or yellow.


word: CACKLE
russian_word: кудахтать
example: she cackled with laughter
definition: laugh in a loud, harsh way.
synonyms: laugh loudly|laugh uproariously|guffaw|crow|chortle|chuckle|giggle|tee-hee|laugh like a drain
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkak(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkak(ə)l
origin:
Middle English: probably from Middle Low German kākelen, partly imitative, reinforced by kāke ‘jaw, cheek’.


word: CACOETHES
russian_word: вредная привычка
definition: an urge to do something inadvisable.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkakəʊˈiːθiːz
phonetics_text: ˌkakəʊˈiːθiːz
origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek kakoēthes ‘ill-disposed’, from kakos ‘bad’ + ēthos ‘disposition’.


word: CACOPHONOUS
russian_word: какофонический
example: the cacophonous sound of slot machines
definition: involving or producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
antonyms: harmonious|sweet
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈkɒf(ə)nəs
phonetics_text: kəˈkɒf(ə)nəs
synonyms:
loud|noisy|ear-splitting|blaring|booming|thunderous|deafening|raucous|discordant|dissonant|inharmonious|unmelodious|unmusical|tuneless|harsh|strident|screeching|screechy|grating|jarring|jangling|horrisonant|absonant


word: CACOPHONY
russian_word: какофония
example: a cacophony of deafening alarm bells
definition: a harsh discordant mixture of sounds.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈkɒf(ə)ni
phonetics_text: kəˈkɒf(ə)ni
synonyms:
din|racket|noise|discord|dissonance|discordance|caterwauling|raucousness|screeching|jarring|stridency|grating|rasping

origin:
mid 17th century: from French cacophonie, from Greek kakophōnia, from kakophōnos ‘ill-sounding’, from kakos ‘bad’ + phōnē ‘sound’.


word: CACTUS
russian_word: кактус
origin: early 17th century (in the sense ‘cardoon’): from Latin, from Greek kaktos ‘cardoon’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaktəs
phonetics_text: ˈkaktəs
definition:
a succulent plant with a thick fleshy stem which typically bears spines, lacks leaves, and has brilliantly coloured flowers. Cacti are native to arid regions of the New World and are cultivated elsewhere, especially as pot plants.


word: CACUMINAL
russian_word: какуминальный
definition: another term for retroflex.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈkjuːmɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈkjuːmɪn(ə)l
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin cacuminare ‘make pointed’ (from cacumen, cacumin- ‘top, summit’) + -al.


word: CAD
russian_word: хам
example: her adulterous cad of a husband
definition: a man who behaves dishonourably, especially towards a woman.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kad
phonetics_text: kad
synonyms:
scoundrel|rogue|rascal|good-for-nothing|reprobate|unprincipled person|cheat|swindler|fraudster|trickster|charlatan|villain|bastard|beast|son of a bitch|SOB|rat|louse|swine|dog|cur|hound|skunk|heel|snake|snake in the grass|wretch|scumbag|bad egg|stinker|scrote|blighter|sleeveen|spalpeen|rat fink|rotter|bounder|ne'er-do-well|blackguard|miscreant|knave|dastard|vagabond|varlet|wastrel|rapscallion|whoreson|shit|bugger|motherfucker|mother|mofo

origin:
late 18th century (denoting a passenger picked up by the driver of a horse-drawn coach for personal profit): abbreviation of caddie or cadet.


word: CADASTRAL
russian_word: кадастровый
definition: (of a map or survey) showing the extent, value, and ownership of land, especially for taxation.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈdastr(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈdastr(ə)l
origin:
mid 19th century: from French, from cadastre ‘register of property’, from Provençal cadastro, from Italian catastro (earlier catastico ), from late Greek katastikhon ‘list, register’, from kata stikhon ‘line by line’.


word: CADAVEROUS
russian_word: трупный
example: he was gaunt and cadaverous
definition: very pale, thin, or bony.
antonyms: rosy|florid|fat|plump
origin: late Middle English: from Latin cadaverosus, from cadaver ‘corpse’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈdav(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: kəˈdav(ə)rəs
synonyms:
(deathly) pale|pallid|white|bloodless|ashen|ashen-faced|ashy|chalky|chalk white|grey|white-faced|whey-faced|waxen|waxy|corpse-like|deathlike|ghostly|very thin|as thin as a rake|bony|skeletal|emaciated|skin-and-bones|scrawny|scraggy|raw-boned|haggard|gaunt|drawn|pinched|hollow-cheeked|hollow-eyed|like death warmed up|like a bag of bones|anorexic|spindle-shanked|livid|etiolated|lymphatic|exsanguinous|starveling|macilent


word: CADDIE
russian_word: чайница
definition: a person who carries a golfer's clubs and provides other assistance during a match.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkadi
phonetics_text: ˈkadi
origin:
mid 17th century (originally Scots): from French cadet. The original term denoted a gentleman who joined the army without a commission, intending to learn the profession and follow a military career, later coming to mean ‘odd-job man’. The current sense dates from the late 18th century.


word: CADDIS
russian_word: саржа
origin: mid 17th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkadɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkadɪs
definition:
a small mothlike insect with an aquatic larva that typically builds a protective portable case of sticks, stones, and other particles.


word: CADENCE
russian_word: каденция
example: the final cadences of the Prelude
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪd(ə)ns
definition:
a modulation or inflection of the voice.|a sequence of notes or chords comprising the close of a musical phrase.

synonyms:
rhythm|tempo|metre|measure|rise and fall|beat|pulse|rhythmical flow/pattern|swing|lilt|cadency|intonation|modulation|inflection|speech pattern

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘rhythm or metrical beat’): via Old French from Italian cadenza, based on Latin cadere ‘to fall’.


word: CADENZA
russian_word: каденция
origin: mid 18th century: from Italian (see cadence).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈdɛnzə
phonetics_text: kəˈdɛnzə
definition:
a virtuoso solo passage inserted into a movement in a concerto or other musical work, typically near the end.


word: CADGE
russian_word: жить на чужой счет
example: he cadged fivers off old school friends
definition: ask for or obtain (something to which one is not strictly entitled).
synonyms: scrounge|beg|borrow|bum|touch someone for|sponge|scab|sorn on someone for|mooch|bludge
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kadʒ
phonetics_text: kadʒ
origin:
early 17th century (in the dialect sense ‘carry about’): back-formation from the noun cadger, which dates from the late 15th century, denoting (in northern English and Scots) an itinerant dealer, whence the verb sense ‘hawk, peddle’, giving rise to the current verb senses from the early 19th century.


word: CADMIUM
russian_word: кадмий
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 48, a silvery-white metal.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkadmɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈkadmɪəm
origin:
early 19th century: from Latin cadmia ‘calamine’, so named because it is found with calamine in zinc ore. Compare with calamine.


word: CADRE
russian_word: кадр
example: a cadre of professional managers|he was an activist in the cadre
synonyms: small group|body|team|corps|core|nucleus|key group
origin: mid 19th century: from French, from Italian quadro, from Latin quadrus ‘square’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːdə
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːdə|ˈkɑːdr(ə)|ˈkadri
definition:
a small group of people specially trained for a particular purpose or profession.|a group of activists in a communist or other revolutionary organization.


word: CADUCOUS
russian_word: рано опадающий
example: poppies have caducous sepals that are shed after the bud has opened
definition: (of an organ or part) easily detached and shed at an early stage.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈdjuːkəs
phonetics_text: kəˈdjuːkəs
origin:
late 17th century (in the sense ‘epileptic’): from Latin caducus ‘liable to fall’ (from cadere ‘to fall’) + -ous.


word: CAECUM
russian_word: слепая кишка
definition: a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsiːkəm
phonetics_text: ˈsiːkəm
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin (intestinum) caecum ‘blind (gut)’, translation of Greek tuphlon enteron .


word: CAESIUM
russian_word: цезий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsiːzɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈsiːzɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 55, a soft, silvery, extremely reactive metal. It belongs to the alkali metal group and occurs as a trace element in some rocks and minerals.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin caesius ‘greyish-blue’ (because it has characteristic lines in the blue part of the spectrum).


word: CAFE
russian_word: кафе
origin: early 19th century: from French café ‘coffee or coffee house’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkafeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkafeɪ|ˈkafi
definition:
a small restaurant selling light meals and drinks.|a bar or nightclub.|a shop selling sweets, cigarettes, newspapers, etc. and staying open after normal hours.

synonyms:
snack bar|cafeteria|buffet|coffee bar|coffee shop|tea room|tea shop|restaurant|bistro|brasserie|wine bar|cafe bar|cybercafe|milk bar|diner|greasy spoon|eatery|noshery|caff|pull-up|pull-in|estaminet


word: CAGEY
russian_word: скрытный
example: a spokesman was cagey about the arrangements his company had struck
definition: reluctant to give information owing to caution or suspicion.
antonyms: frank|open
origin: early 20th century (originally US): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkeɪdʒi
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪdʒi
synonyms:
secretive|guarded|non-committal|tight-lipped|reticent|cautious|circumspect|chary|wary|careful|evasive|elusive|equivocal|discreet


word: CAIMAN
russian_word: кайман
origin: late 16th century: from Spanish caimán, Portuguese caimão, from Carib acayuman .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪmən
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪmən
definition:
a semiaquatic reptile similar to the alligator but with a heavily armoured belly, native to tropical America.


word: CAJOLE
russian_word: задобрить
example: he hoped to cajole her into selling the house
definition: persuade (someone) to do something by sustained coaxing or flattery.
antonyms: bully
origin: mid 17th century: from French cajoler .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈdʒəʊl
phonetics_text: kəˈdʒəʊl
synonyms:
persuade|wheedle|coax|talk into|manoeuvre|get round|prevail on|beguile|blarney|flatter|seduce|lure|entice|tempt|inveigle|woo|sweet-talk|soft-soap|butter up|twist someone's arm|blandish


word: CAJOLERY
russian_word: лесть
example: she uses cajolery, deception, and manipulation to get what she wants
definition: coaxing or flattery intended to persuade someone to do something.
antonyms: bullying
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈdʒəʊl(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kəˈdʒəʊl(ə)ri
synonyms:
persuasion|wheedling|coaxing|inveiglement|blandishments|blarney|beguilement|flattery|honeyed words|flattering|sweet talk|sweet-talking|soft soap|soft-soaping|arm-twisting|flannel|guyver|glozing|lip salve|cajolement|suasion


word: CAKE
russian_word: торт
example: a delicious cake smothered with whipped cream|a starter of goat's cheese and potato cakes
synonyms: gateau|kuchen
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: keɪk
phonetics_text: keɪk
definition:
an item of soft sweet food made from a mixture of flour, fat, eggs, sugar, and other ingredients, baked and sometimes iced or decorated.|an item of savoury food formed into a flat round shape, and typically baked or fried.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a small flat bread roll): of Scandinavian origin; related to Swedish kaka and Danish kage .


word: CALABASH
russian_word: кальян
definition: an evergreen tropical American tree which bears fruit in the form of large woody gourds.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaləbaʃ
phonetics_text: ˈkaləbaʃ
origin:
mid 17th century: from French calebasse, from Spanish calabaza, perhaps from Persian ḵarbuz ‘melon’.


word: CALADIUM
russian_word: Каладиум
origin: modern Latin, from Malay keladi .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈleɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: kəˈleɪdɪəm
definition:
a tropical South American plant of the arum family, which is cultivated for its brilliantly coloured ornamental foliage.


word: CALAMARI
russian_word: кальмары
definition: squid served as food.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkaləˈmɑːri
phonetics_text: ˌkaləˈmɑːri
origin:
Italian, plural of calamaro, from medieval Latin calamarium ‘pen case’, from Greek kalamos ‘pen’ (with reference to the squid's long tapering internal shell and its ink). The variant calamares is Spanish.


word: CALAMINE
russian_word: каламин
example: calamine lotion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaləmʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkaləmʌɪn
definition:
a pink powder consisting of zinc carbonate and ferric oxide, used to make a soothing lotion or ointment.|smithsonite or a similar zinc ore.

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin calamina, alteration of Latin cadmia ‘calamine’, from Greek kadmeia (gē) ‘Cadmean (earth)’, from Kadmos ‘Cadmus’ (see Cadmus).


word: CALAMITOUS
russian_word: пагубный
example: such calamitous events as fires, hurricanes, and floods
definition: involving calamity; catastrophic or disastrous.
antonyms: good|advantageous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈlamɪtəs
phonetics_text: kəˈlamɪtəs
synonyms:
disastrous|catastrophic|cataclysmic|devastating|dire|tragic|fatal|ruinous|crippling|awful|dreadful|terrible|woeful|grievous|direful


word: CALAMITY
russian_word: бедствие
example: emergency measures may be necessary in order to avert a calamity
definition: an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster.
antonyms: godsend|blessing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlamɪti
phonetics_text: kəˈlamɪti
synonyms:
disaster|catastrophe|tragedy|cataclysm|devastating blow|crisis|adversity|blight|tribulation|woe|affliction|evil|misfortune|misadventure|accident|stroke of bad luck|reverse of fortune|setback|mischance|mishap|car crash|bale|mishanter

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘disaster and distress’): from Old French calamite, from Latin calamitas .


word: CALCANEUS
russian_word: пяточная кость
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kalˈkeɪnɪəs
phonetics_text: kalˈkeɪnɪəs
definition:
the large bone forming the heel. It articulates with the cuboid bone of the foot and the talus bone of the ankle, and the Achilles tendon is attached to it.


word: CALCEOLARIA
russian_word: кошельки
origin: late 18th century: modern Latin, from Latin calceolus, diminutive of calceus ‘shoe’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkalsɪəˈlɛːrɪə
phonetics_text: ˌkalsɪəˈlɛːrɪə
definition:
a South American plant which is cultivated for its brightly coloured slipper- or pouch-shaped flowers.


word: CALCIFEROL
russian_word: кальциферол
origin: 1930s: from calciferous + -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kalˈsɪfərɒl
phonetics_text: kalˈsɪfərɒl
definition:
one of the D vitamins, a sterol which is formed when its isomer ergosterol is exposed to ultraviolet light, and which is routinely added to dairy products.


word: CALCITE
russian_word: кальцит
origin: mid 19th century: coined in German from Latin calx, calc- ‘lime’ (see calx).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkalsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkalsʌɪt
definition:
a white or colourless mineral consisting of calcium carbonate. It is a major constituent of sedimentary rocks such as limestone and is deposited in caves to form stalactites and stalagmites.


word: CALCULATE
russian_word: вычислять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkalkjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkalkjʊleɪt
example:
the program can calculate the number of words that will fit in the space available|his last words were calculated to wound her|I calculate it's pretty difficult to git edication down there

definition:
determine (the amount or number of something) mathematically.|intend (an action) to have a particular effect.|suppose or believe.

synonyms:
compute|work out|reckon|figure|enumerate|determine|evaluate|quantify|assess|cost|put a figure on|add up|add together|count up|tally|total|totalize|calibrate|gauge|tot up|cast

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin calculat- ‘counted’, from the verb calculare, from calculus ‘a small pebble (as used on an abacus)’.


word: CALCULATED
russian_word: рассчитанный
example: victims of vicious and calculated assaults
definition: (of an action) done with full awareness of the likely consequences.
antonyms: unintentional|spontaneous|reckless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkalkjʊleɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkalkjʊleɪtɪd
synonyms:
deliberate|premeditated|planned|pre-planned|preconceived|intentional|intended|done on purpose|purposeful|purposive|thought out in advance|aforethought|considered|conscious|studied|strategic|prepense


word: CALCULATING
russian_word: расчета
example: he was a coolly calculating, ruthless man
definition: acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way.
antonyms: ingenuous|artless|thoughtless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkalkjʊleɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkalkjʊleɪtɪŋ
synonyms:
cunning|crafty|wily|shrewd|scheming|devious|designing|conniving|manipulative|Machiavellian|artful|guileful|slippery|slick|sly|disingenuous|unscrupulous|foxy|slim|subtle


word: CALCULATION
russian_word: расчет
example: finding ways of saving money involves complicated calculations
definition: a mathematical determination of the amount or number of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kalkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kalkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
computation|reckoning|adding up|counting up|working out|determining|figuring|estimation|estimate|sum|totting up

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin calculatio(n- ), from the verb calculare (see calculate).


word: CALEDONIAN
russian_word: шотландка
example: the Caledonian Railway
origin: from Caledonia, the Latin name for northern Britain, + -an.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌkalɪˈdəʊnɪən
phonetics_text: ˌkalɪˈdəʊnɪən
definition:
(chiefly in names or geographical terms) relating to Scotland or the Scottish Highlands.|relating to or denoting a mountain-forming period (orogeny) in north-western Europe and Greenland during the Lower Palaeozoic era, especially the late Silurian.


word: CALEFACIENT
russian_word: согревающее средство
definition: a drug or other substance that gives a sensation of warmth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkalɪˈfeɪʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌkalɪˈfeɪʃ(ə)nt
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin calefacient- ‘making warm’, from the verb calefacere, from calere ‘be warm’ + facere ‘make’.


word: CALEFACTION
russian_word: нагревание
definition: the process of heating or warming.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kalɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kalɪˈfakʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin calefactio(n- ), from calefacere ‘make warm’ (see calefacient).


word: CALENDAR
russian_word: календарь
synonyms: almanac|ephemeris
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkalɪndə
phonetics_text: ˈkalɪndə
definition:
a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving particular seasonal information.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French calendier, from Latin kalendarium ‘account book’, from kalendae (see calends).


word: CALENDS
russian_word: календы
definition: the first day of the month in the ancient Roman calendar.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkalɪndz
phonetics_text: ˈkalɪndz
origin:
Old English (denoting an appointed time): from Old French calendes, from Latin kalendae, calendae ‘first day of the month’ (when accounts were due and the order of days was proclaimed); related to Latin calare and Greek kalein ‘call, proclaim’.


word: CALENDULA
russian_word: календула
definition: a Mediterranean plant of a genus that includes the common or pot marigold.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɛndjʊlə
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛndjʊlə
origin:
modern Latin, diminutive of calendae (see calends); perhaps because it flowers for most of the year.


word: CALIBRE
russian_word: калибр
example: they could ill afford to lose a man of his calibre|a small-calibre revolver
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkalɪbə
phonetics_text: ˈkalɪbə
definition:
the quality of someone's character or the level of their ability.|the internal diameter or bore of a gun barrel.

synonyms:
quality|merit|distinction|character|worth|stature|excellence|superiority|eminence|pre-eminence|ability|expertise|talent|capability|capacity|proficiency|competence|gifts|endowments|strengths|qualifications

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘social standing or importance’): from French, from Italian calibro, perhaps from Arabic qālib ‘mould’, based on Greek kalapous ‘shoemaker's last’.


word: CALIFORNIUM
russian_word: калифорний
origin: 1950s: named after California University (where it was first made) + -ium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkalɪˈfɔːnɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌkalɪˈfɔːnɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 98, a radioactive metal of the actinide series, first produced by bombarding curium with helium ions.


word: CALL
russian_word: вызов
origin: late Old English ceallian, from Old Norse kalla ‘summon loudly’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kɔːl
phonetics_text: kɔːl
example:
they called their daughter Hannah|he heard an insistent voice calling his name|could I call you back ?|representatives of all three teams have been called to appear before the Monaco stewards|there appeared to be no alternative but to call a general election|I've got to call at the bank to get some cash|the linesman called the ball wide|one subroutine may call another subroutine (or itself)

definition:
give (a baby or animal) a specified name.|cry out (a word or words).|contact or attempt to contact (a person or number) by phone.|order or request the attendance of.|announce or decide that (an event, especially a meeting, election, or strike) is to happen.|(of a person) pay a brief visit.|(of an umpire or other official in a game) pronounce (a ball, stroke, etc.) to be the thing specified.|cause (a subroutine) to be executed.

synonyms:
name|christen|baptize|designate|style|term|dub|label|entitle|clepe|denominate|answer to the name of|go by the name of


word: CALLBACK
russian_word: обратного вызова
example: he was one of only twelve applicants to receive a callback
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːlbak
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːlbak
definition:
an invitation to return for a second audition or interview.|a phone call made to return one that someone has received.|a security feature used by some computer systems accessed by phone, in which a user must log on from a previously registered phone number, to which the system then places a return call.


word: CALL DOWN
russian_word: навлекать
definition: cause or provoke someone or something to appear or occur.|reprimand someone.
example:
nothing called down the wrath of Nemesis quicker|he called down Clarence Drum about being so high and mighty


word: CALL FOR
russian_word: требовать
example:
desperate times call for desperate measures|the report calls for an audit of endangered species|I'll call for you around seven|the forecast is calling for more rain

definition:
make something necessary.|publicly ask for or demand something.|stop to collect someone at the place where they are living or working.|predict or describe the likely weather conditions for a period of time in the future.

synonyms:
require|need|necessitate|make necessary|demand|be grounds for|justify|warrant|be a justification/reason for|involve|entail


word: CALL IN
russian_word: приглашать
definition: enlist someone's aid or services.|require payment of a loan or promise of money.
example:
you can either do the work yourself or call in a local builder to help you|the bank would call in loans and foreign donations


word: CALLING
russian_word: призвание
example: the calling of a cuckoo|those who have a special calling to minister to others' needs
synonyms: vocation|mission|call|summons
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːlɪŋ
definition:
the action or sound of calling.|a strong urge towards a particular way of life or career; a vocation.


word: CALLING CARD
russian_word: визитная карточка
example: calling card numbers
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a card bearing a person's name and address, sent or left in lieu of a formal social or business visit.|a phonecard or telephone charge card.


word: CALL OFF
russian_word: отвлекать
definition: cancel an event or agreement.|order a person or dog to stop attacking someone.
synonyms: cancel|abandon|shelve|scrap|drop|mothball|axe|scrub|scratch|nix|redline
example:
they held a ballot on whether to call off industrial action|Gunda pleaded with him to call the dog off


word: CALL ON
russian_word: апеллировать
definition: pay a visit to someone.|make use of someone or something as a source of help.
example:
he's planning to call on Katherine today|we are able to call on academic staff with a wide variety of expertise

synonyms:
visit|pay a visit to|pay a call on|go and see|look in on|visit with|go see|look up|drop in on|pop in on


word: CALLOSITY
russian_word: мозоль
definition: a thickened and hardened part of the skin; a callus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɒsɪti
phonetics_text: kəˈlɒsɪti
origin:
late Middle English: from French callosité, from Latin callositas, from callosus ‘hard-skinned’, from callum, callus ‘hardened skin’.


word: CALLOUS
russian_word: черствый
example: his callous comments about the murder made me shiver
definition: showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others.
antonyms: kind|compassionate
origin: late Middle English (in the Latin sense): from Latin callosus ‘hard-skinned’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkaləs
phonetics_text: ˈkaləs
synonyms:
heartless|unfeeling|uncaring|cold|cold-hearted|hard|as hard as nails|hard-hearted|with a heart of stone|stony-hearted|insensitive|lacking compassion|hard-bitten|cold-blooded|hardened|case-hardened|harsh|cruel|ruthless|brutal|unsympathetic|uncharitable|indifferent|unconcerned|unsusceptible|insensible|bloodless|soulless|hard-boiled|indurate|indurated|marble-hearted


word: CALL OUT
russian_word: кричать
example:
patients are to be told to stop calling doctors out unnecessarily at night|people were calling him out for his negative comments

definition:
summon someone to deal with an emergency or provide a service.|draw critical attention to someone's unacceptable actions or behaviour.|order or advise workers to strike.|challenge someone to a duel.


word: CALLOW
russian_word: неопытный
example: earnest and callow undergraduates
definition: (of a young person) inexperienced and immature.
antonyms: mature|experienced|sophisticated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkaləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkaləʊ
synonyms:
immature|inexperienced|naive|green|as green as grass|born yesterday|raw|unseasoned|untrained|untried|juvenile|adolescent|jejune|innocent|guileless|artless|unworldly|unsophisticated|wet behind the ears

origin:
Old English calu  ‘bald’, of West Germanic origin, probably from Latin calvus ‘bald’. This was extended to mean ‘unfledged’, which led to the present sense ‘immature’.


word: CALL UP
russian_word: вызывать
definition: summon someone to serve in the armed forces.|contact someone by phone.|evoke something.
synonyms: enlist|recruit|sign up|conscript|draft
example:
they have called up more than 20,000 reservists|I have a list of people to call up in the morning|the special effects that called up the Mars landscape were impressive


word: CALM
russian_word: успокоить
example: she had to keep calm at all costs|the night was clear and calm
antonyms: windy|stormy
synonyms: windless|still|tranquil|quiet|serene|peaceful|pacific|undisturbed|restful|balmy|halcyon
origin: late Middle English: via one of the Romance languages from Greek kauma ‘heat (of the day)’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: kɑːm
phonetics_text: kɑːm
definition:
not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions.|(of the weather) pleasantly free from wind.


word: CALOMEL
russian_word: каломель
definition: mercurous chloride, a white powder formerly used as a purgative.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaləmɛl
phonetics_text: ˈkaləmɛl
origin:
late 17th century: modern Latin, perhaps from Greek kalos ‘beautiful’ + melas ‘black’ (perhaps because it was originally obtained from a black mixture of mercury and mercuric chloride).


word: CALORIE
russian_word: калория
origin: mid 19th century: from French, from Latin calor ‘heat’ + French suffix -ie (see -y3).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaləri
phonetics_text: ˈkaləri
definition:
the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).|the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 °C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods.


word: CALTROP
russian_word: проволочные ежи
example: militant demonstrators threw a box of caltrops across the highway
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaltrəp
phonetics_text: ˈkaltrəp
definition:
a spiked metal device thrown on the ground to impede wheeled vehicles or (formerly) cavalry horses.|a creeping plant with woody carpels that typically have hard spines and resemble military caltrops.|another term for water chestnut (sense 3).

origin:
Old English calcatrippe, denoting any plant which tended to catch the feet, from medieval Latin calcatrippa, from calx ‘heel’ or calcare ‘to tread’ + a word related to trap1. caltrop (sense 1) was probably adopted from French.


word: CALUMET
russian_word: трубка мира
definition: a North American Indian peace pipe.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaljʊmɛt
phonetics_text: ˈkaljʊmɛt
origin:
late 17th century: from French, from late Latin calamellus ‘little reed’, diminutive of Latin calamus (referring to the pipe's reed stem).


word: CALUMNY
russian_word: клевета
example: a bitter struggle marked by calumny and litigation
origin: late Middle English: from Latin calumnia .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkaləmni
phonetics_text: ˈkaləmni
definition:
the making of false and defamatory statements about someone in order to damage their reputation; slander.

synonyms:
slander|defamation (of character)|character assassination|misrepresentation of character|evil-speaking|calumniation|libel|scandalmongering|malicious gossip|muckraking|smear campaign|disparagement|denigration|derogation|aspersions|vilification|traducement|obloquy|verbal abuse|backbiting|vituperation|revilement|scurrility|lies|slurs|smears|untruths|false accusations|false reports|insults|slights|mud-slinging|bad-mouthing|contumely


word: CALUTRON
russian_word: калютрон
origin: from Cal(ifornia) U(niversity) (cyclo)tron .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈluːtrɒn
phonetics_text: kəˈluːtrɒn
definition:
a device that uses large electromagnets to separate uranium isotopes from uranium ore, developed in the 1940s to produce highly enriched weapons-grade uranium.


word: CALVE
russian_word: телиться
origin: Old English calfian, from cælf ‘calf’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kɑːv
phonetics_text: kɑːv
example:
Galloway cows have wide pelvises and calve easily|glaciers were calving icebergs directly into the sea

definition:
(of cows and certain other large animals) give birth to a calf.|(of an iceberg or glacier) split and shed (a smaller mass of ice).


word: CALYPSO
russian_word: калипсо
example: the men sing calypso as they work
origin: 1930s: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɪpsəʊ
phonetics_text: kəˈlɪpsəʊ
definition:
a kind of West Indian (originally Trinidadian) music in syncopated African rhythm, typically with words improvised on a topical theme.


word: CALZONE
russian_word: кальцоне
definition: a type of pizza that is folded in half before cooking to contain a filling.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kalˈtsəʊneɪ
phonetics_text: kalˈtsəʊneɪ|kalˈtsəʊni
origin:
Italian dialect, probably a special use of calzone ‘trouser leg’, with reference to the shape of the pizza.


word: CAMARADERIE
russian_word: дух товарищества
example: the enforced camaraderie of office life
definition: mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.
origin: mid 19th century: from French, from camarade ‘comrade’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkaməˈrɑːd(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌkaməˈrɑːd(ə)ri|ˌkaməˈrad(ə)ri
synonyms:
friendship|comradeship|fellowship|good fellowship|companionship|brotherliness|brotherhood|sisterhood|closeness|affinity|togetherness|solidarity|mutual support|sociability|team spirit|comradery|esprit de corps


word: CAMBIUM
russian_word: камбий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkambɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈkambɪəm
definition:
a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division, resulting (in woody plants) in secondary thickening.

origin:
late 16th century (denoting one of the alimentary humours once supposed to nourish the body): from medieval Latin, ‘change, exchange’.


word: CAMBRIAN
russian_word: уэльский
example: the Cambrian Railway|the earliest discovered brachiopod fossils date to the early Cambrian period
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkambrɪən
phonetics_text: ˈkambrɪən
definition:
(chiefly in names or geographical terms) Welsh.|relating to or denoting the first period in the Palaeozoic era, between the end of the Precambrian aeon and the beginning of the Ordovician period.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin Cambria ‘Wales’, variant of Cumbria, from Welsh Cymry ‘Welshman’ or Cymru ‘Wales’.


word: CAMELID
russian_word: верблюда
definition: a mammal of the camel family ( Camelidae ).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmiːlɪd
phonetics_text: kəˈmiːlɪd|ˈkaməlɪd
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Camelidae (plural), from Latin camelus ‘camel’, from Greek kamēlos .


word: CAMELLIA
russian_word: камелия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmiːlɪə
phonetics_text: kəˈmiːlɪə|kəˈmɛlɪə
definition:
an evergreen East Asian shrub related to the tea plant, grown for its showy flowers and shiny leaves.

origin:
modern Latin, named by Linnaeus after Joseph Kamel (Latinized as Camellus ), Moravian botanist (1661–1706), who described the flora of Luzon.


word: CAMELOPARD
russian_word: жираф
definition: a giraffe.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkamɪlə(ʊ)pɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈkamɪlə(ʊ)pɑːd|kəˈmɛləpɑːd
origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek kamēlopardalis, from kamēlos ‘camel’ + pardalis (see pard).


word: CAMOMILE
russian_word: ромашка
definition: an aromatic European plant of the daisy family, with white and yellow flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaməmʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈkaməmʌɪl
origin:
Middle English: from Old French camomille, from late Latin chamomilla, from Greek khamaimēlon ‘earth-apple’ (because of the apple-like smell of its flowers).


word: CAMOUFLAGE
russian_word: камуфляж
example: on the trenches were pieces of turf which served for camouflage
synonyms: disguise|concealment
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkaməflɑːʒ
phonetics_text: ˈkaməflɑːʒ
definition:
the disguising of military personnel, equipment, and installations by painting or covering them to make them blend in with their surroundings.

origin:
late 19th century (in sense ‘disguise, concealment’): French, from camoufler ‘to disguise’ (originally thieves' slang), from Italian camuffare ‘disguise, deceive’, perhaps by association with French camouflet ‘whiff of smoke in the face’. The military sense originated during the First World War.


word: CAMP
russian_word: лагерь
synonyms: bivouac|encampment|cantonment|barracks|base|campsite|camping ground|tents|laager
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kamp
phonetics_text: kamp
example:
the change is aimed at accommodating last year's political agreement between the island territory's pro- and anti-independence camps

definition:
a place with temporary accommodation of huts, tents, or other structures, typically used by soldiers, refugees, or travelling people.|the supporters of a particular party or doctrine regarded collectively.|a fenced field or enclosed area for grazing.

origin:
early 16th century: from French camp, champ, from Italian campo, from Latin campus ‘level ground’, specifically applied to the Campus Martius in Rome, used for games, athletic practice, and military drill.


word: CAMPAIGN
russian_word: кампания
example: the campaign for a full inquiry into the regime|a desert campaign
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kamˈpeɪn
phonetics_text: kamˈpeɪn
definition:
an organized course of action to achieve a goal.|a series of military operations intended to achieve a particular objective, confined to a particular area, or involving a specified type of fighting.

synonyms:
crusade|drive|push|effort|struggle|move|movement|operation|manoeuvre|course of action|strategy|set of tactics|battle plan|battle|war

origin:
early 17th century (denoting a tract of open country): from French campagne ‘open country’, via Italian from late Latin campania, from campus ‘level ground’ (see camp1). The change in sense to ‘a series of military operations’ arose from an army's practice of ‘taking the field’ (i.e. moving from a fortress or town to open country) at the onset of summer.


word: CAMPHOR
russian_word: камфара
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkamfə
phonetics_text: ˈkamfə
definition:
a white volatile crystalline substance with an aromatic smell and bitter taste, occurring in certain essential oils.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French camphore or medieval Latin camphora, from Arabic kāfūr, via Malay from Sanskrit karpūra .


word: CAMPION
russian_word: лихнис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkampɪən
phonetics_text: ˈkampɪən
definition:
a plant of the pink family, typically having pink or white flowers with notched petals, found in both Eurasia and North America.

origin:
mid 16th century: perhaps related to champion. The name was originally used for the rose campion, whose name in Latin ( Lychnis coronaria ) and Greek ( lukhnis stephanōmatikē ) means ‘campion fit for a crown’, and which was said in classical times to have been used for victors' garlands.


word: CAMSHAFT
russian_word: распределительный вал
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkamʃɑːft
phonetics_text: ˈkamʃɑːft
definition:
a shaft with one or more cams attached to it, especially one operating the valves in an internal combustion engine.


word: CAMWOOD
russian_word: бафия яркая
origin: late 17th century: probably from Temne k'am + wood.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkamwʊd
phonetics_text: ˈkamwʊd
definition:
the hard red timber of an African tree.|either of two trees of the pea family which yield camwood timber.


word: CAN
russian_word: может
example: they can run fast|you can use the phone if you want to|can you open the window?
definition: be able to.|be permitted to.|used to request someone to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kan
phonetics_text: kan|kən
origin:
Old English cunnan  ‘know’ (in Middle English ‘know how to’), related to Dutch kunnen and German können ; from an Indo-European root shared by Latin gnoscere ‘know’ and Greek gignōskein ‘know’.


word: CANAL
russian_word: канал
example: they travelled on by canal|the ear canal
synonyms: inland waterway|channel|watercourse|waterway|ship canal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈnal
phonetics_text: kəˈnal
definition:
an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.|a tubular duct in a plant or animal, serving to convey or contain food, liquid, or air.|any of a number of linear markings formerly reported as seen by telescope on the planet Mars.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, alteration of chanel ‘channel’, from Latin canalis ‘pipe, groove, channel’, from canna ‘cane’.


word: CANALIZE
russian_word: проводить каналы
definition: convert (a river) into a navigable canal.|convey (something) through a duct or channel.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkan(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkan(ə)lʌɪz
example:
successive railway engineers were to divert and canalize many miles of river|a narrow strait can so canalize the tide that a powerful current is developed


word: CANCAN
russian_word: канкан
example: people were dancing the cancan
origin: mid 19th century: from French, child's word for canard ‘duck’, from Old French caner ‘to quack’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkankan
phonetics_text: ˈkankan
definition:
a lively, high-kicking stage dance originating in 19th-century Parisian music halls and performed by women in long skirts and petticoats.


word: CANCEL
russian_word: отменить
example: he was forced to cancel his visit|the electric fields may cancel each other out
synonyms: call off|abandon|scrap|drop|postpone|mothball|scrub|scratch|axe|nix|redline
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkans(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkans(ə)l
definition:
decide or announce that (a planned event) will not take place.|(of a factor or circumstance) neutralize or negate the force or effect of (another).

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘obliterate or delete writing by drawing or stamping lines across it’): from Old French canceller, from Latin cancellare, from cancelli ‘crossbars’.


word: CANCELLOUS
russian_word: губчатый
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin cancelli ‘crossbars’ + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkans(ə)ləs
phonetics_text: ˈkans(ə)ləs
definition:
denoting bone tissue with a meshlike structure containing many pores, typical of the interior of mature bones.


word: CANCER
russian_word: рак
example: he's got cancer
definition: a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkansə
phonetics_text: ˈkansə
origin:
Old English, from Latin, ‘crab or creeping ulcer’, translating Greek karkinos, said to have been applied to such tumours because the swollen veins around them resembled the limbs of a crab. canker was the usual form until the 17th century Compare with Cancer.


word: CANDELA
russian_word: Кандела
origin: 1950s: from Latin, ‘candle’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kanˈdɛlə
phonetics_text: kanˈdɛlə|kanˈdiːlə|ˈkandɪlə
definition:
the SI unit of luminous intensity. One candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 Hz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.


word: CANDID
russian_word: искренний
antonyms: secretive|guarded|insincere
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkandɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkandɪd
example:
his responses were remarkably candid|it is better to let the photographer mingle among the guests and take candid shots

definition:
truthful and straightforward; frank.|(of a photograph of a person) taken informally, especially without the subject's knowledge.

synonyms:
frank|outspoken|forthright|blunt|open|honest|truthful|sincere|direct|straightforward|plain-spoken|bluff|unreserved|downright|straight from the shoulder|unvarnished|bald|heart-to-heart|intimate|personal|man-to-man|woman-to-woman|upfront|on the level|on the up and up|round|free-spoken

origin:
mid 17th century (in the Latin sense): from Latin candidus ‘white’. Subsequent early senses were ‘pure, innocent’, ‘unbiased’, and ‘free from malice’, hence ‘frank’ (late 17th century). Compare with candour.


word: CANDIDATE
russian_word: кандидат
example: candidates applying for this position should be computer-literate
definition: a person who applies for a job or is nominated for election.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkandɪdeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkandɪdeɪt|ˈkandɪdət
synonyms:
applicant|job applicant|job-seeker|prospective employee|contender|contestant|nominee|aspirant|possibility|possible|interviewee|postulant|suitor|pretender|runner

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin candidatus ‘white-robed’, also denoting a candidate for office (who traditionally wore a white toga), from candidus ‘white’.


word: CANDLE
russian_word: свеча
example: the candle flickered in the cold night air
origin: Old English candel, from Latin candela, from candere ‘be white or glisten’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkand(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkand(ə)l
definition:
a cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a central wick which is lit to produce light as it burns.|a unit of luminous intensity, superseded by the candela.

synonyms:
taper|sconce|tallow candle|wax candle|Christmas candle|votary candle|paschal candle|wax light|glim|rush candle|rushlight|bougie|cierge


word: CANDLEBERRY
russian_word: свечное дерево
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkandəlˌbɛri
phonetics_text: ˈkandəlˌbɛri
definition:
any of a number of trees or shrubs whose berries or seeds yield a wax or oil that can be used for making candles.


word: CANDLENUT
russian_word: плод свечного дерева
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkandəlnʌt
phonetics_text: ˈkandəlnʌt
definition:
an evergreen tree of the spurge family, with large seeds that yield an oil used for lighting and other purposes, native to SE Asia and the South Pacific islands.


word: CANDOUR
russian_word: откровенность
example: a man of refreshing candour
definition: the quality of being open and honest; frankness.
antonyms: guardedness|evasiveness|insincerity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkandə
phonetics_text: ˈkandə
synonyms:
frankness|openness|honesty|candidness|truthfulness|sincerity|forthrightness|directness|lack of restraint|straightforwardness|plain-spokenness|plain dealing|plainness|calling a spade a spade|unreservedness|bluffness|bluntness|outspokenness|telling it like it is

origin:
late Middle English (in the Latin sense): from Latin candor ‘whiteness’. The current sense dates from the mid 18th century; the development of the senses paralleled that of candid.


word: CANDY
russian_word: конфеты
example: people sat eating popcorn and candy
definition: sweets; confectionery.
synonyms: confectionery|bonbons|sweets|sugar candy|sweeties|sweetmeats
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkandi
phonetics_text: ˈkandi
origin:
mid 17th century (as a verb): the noun use is from late Middle English sugar-candy, from French sucre candi ‘crystallized sugar’, from Arabic sukkar ‘sugar’ + qandī ‘candied’, based on Sanskrit khaṇḍa ‘fragment’.


word: CANDYMAN
russian_word: торговец наркотиками
example: candyman to the jet set
definition: a person who sells illegal drugs.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkandɪˌman
phonetics_text: ˈkandɪˌman
origin:
mid 19th century: from candy + man, an earlier sense denoting a ragman who gave toffee in exchange for goods.


word: CANDYTUFT
russian_word: иберийка
origin: early 17th century: from Candy (obsolete form of Candia, former name of Crete) + tuft.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkandɪtʌft
phonetics_text: ˈkandɪtʌft
definition:
a European plant with small heads of white, pink, or purple flowers, grown as a garden or rockery plant.


word: CANE
russian_word: тростник
example: tie the shoot to a cane if vertical growth is required
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, via Latin from Greek kanna, kannē, of Semitic origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: keɪn
phonetics_text: keɪn
definition:
the hollow jointed stem of a tall grass, especially bamboo or sugar cane, or the stem of a slender palm such as rattan.|a length of cane or a slender stick, especially one used as a support for plants, a walking stick, or an instrument of punishment.

synonyms:
walking stick|stick|staff|alpenstock|malacca|blackthorn|ashplant|rattan|crook|waddy|ferule|stake|rod|upright|pole|beanpole|birch|paddle


word: CANKER
russian_word: язва
example: cut out lesions on branches caused by canker|racism remains a canker at the heart of the nation
synonyms: fungal disease|fungal rot|plant rot|blight
origin: Middle English (denoting a tumour): from Old French chancre, from Latin cancer ‘crab’ (see cancer).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkaŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈkaŋkə
definition:
a destructive fungal disease of apple and other trees that results in damage to the bark.|an ulcerous condition or disease of a human or animal.|a malign and corrupting influence that is difficult to eradicate.


word: CANKERED
russian_word: изъеденный
definition: (of a plant or part of a plant) affected by canker.|affected by a malign or corrupting influence.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkaŋkəd
phonetics_text: ˈkaŋkəd
example:
the only thing you can do for the trees is to remove the cankered branches|the actor offers little evidence of Angelo's cankered mind or of his inner torment


word: CANKERWORM
russian_word: плодовый червь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaŋkəwəːm
phonetics_text: ˈkaŋkəwəːm
definition:
the caterpillar of a North American moth that has wingless females. Cankerworms consume the buds and leaves of trees and can be a major pest.


word: CANNABINOID
russian_word: каннабиноидов
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkanəbɪˌnɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkanəbɪˌnɔɪd
definition:
any of a group of closely related compounds which include cannabinol and the active constituents of cannabis.


word: CANNABIS
russian_word: конопля
origin: from Latin, from Greek kannabis .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkanəbɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkanəbɪs
definition:
a tall plant with a stiff upright stem, divided serrated leaves, and glandular hairs. It is used to produce hemp fibre and as a drug.


word: CANNIBAL
russian_word: каннибал
example: cannibal tribes
definition: a person who eats the flesh of other human beings.
synonyms: man-eater|people-eater|anthropophagus|anthropophagist|anthropophagite
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkanɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkanɪb(ə)l
origin:
mid 16th century: from Spanish Canibales (plural), variant (recorded by Columbus) of Caribes, the name of a West Indian people reputed to eat humans (see Carib).


word: CANNIBALIZATION
russian_word: разукомплектование изделия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kanɪb(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kanɪb(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the launch of new versions of the tablet has resulted in sales cannibalization|female cannibalization of the male insect can sometimes occur

definition:
the reduction of the sales of a company's own products as a consequence of its introduction of another similar product.|the eating of one animal by another member of the same species.


word: CANNON
russian_word: пушка
example: they would cross at the Town ford, under cover of the defending cannon
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkanən
phonetics_text: ˈkanən
definition:
a large, heavy piece of artillery, typically mounted on wheels, formerly used in warfare.|a stroke in which the cue ball strikes two balls successively.|a heavy cylinder or hollow drum that is able to rotate independently on a shaft.

synonyms:
mounted gun|field gun|gun|piece of artillery|piece of ordnance|mortar|howitzer|big gun|carronade|bombard|culverin|falconet|long tom|serpentine|pom-pom

origin:
late Middle English: from French canon, from Italian cannone ‘large tube’, from canna ‘cane, reed’ (see cane).


word: CANNONADE
russian_word: канонада
example: the French attack began with a cannonade
definition: a period of continuous heavy gunfire.
origin: mid 16th century: from French, from Italian cannonata, from cannone (see cannon).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌkanəˈneɪd
phonetics_text: ˌkanəˈneɪd
synonyms:
bombardment|shelling|gunfire|artillery fire|barrage|battery|attack|pounding|volley|salvo|broadside|fusillade


word: CANNON BONE
russian_word: берцовая кость
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a long tube-shaped bone in the lower leg of a horse or other large quadruped, between the fetlock and the knee or hock.


word: CANNY
russian_word: хитрый
example: canny investors will switch banks if they think they are getting a raw deal|she's a canny lass
antonyms: foolish|reckless
origin: late 16th century (originally Scots): from can1 (in the obsolete sense ‘know’) + -y1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkani
phonetics_text: ˈkani
definition:
having or showing shrewdness and good judgement, especially in money or business matters.|pleasant; nice.

synonyms:
shrewd|astute|sharp|sharp-witted|discerning|acute|penetrating|discriminating|perceptive|perspicacious|clever|intelligent|wise|sagacious|sensible|judicious|circumspect|careful|prudent|cautious|cunning|crafty|wily|artful|calculating|on the ball|smart|savvy|suss|sussed|pawky|heads-up|as sharp as a tack|whip-smart|long-headed|sapient|argute


word: CANOLA
russian_word: канолы
origin: 1970s: from Canada + -ola (based on Latin oleum ‘oil’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈnəʊlə
phonetics_text: kəˈnəʊlə
definition:
oilseed rape of a variety developed in Canada and grown in North America, which yields a valuable culinary oil.


word: CANON
russian_word: канон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkanən
phonetics_text: ˈkanən
example:
the appointment violated the canons of fair play and equal opportunity|the biblical canon|the very simple rhythmic structure of this double canon

definition:
a general law, rule, principle, or criterion by which something is judged.|a collection or list of sacred books accepted as genuine.|(in the Roman Catholic Church) the part of the Mass containing the words of consecration.|a piece in which the same melody is begun in different parts successively, so that the imitations overlap.

synonyms:
principle|rule|law|tenet|precept|formula|standard|convention|norm|pattern|model|exemplar|criterion|measure|yardstick|benchmark|test

origin:
Old English: from Latin, from Greek kanōn ‘rule’, reinforced in Middle English by Old French canon .


word: CANONICAL
russian_word: канонический
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəˈnɒnɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈnɒnɪk(ə)l
example:
the canonical rites of the Roman Church|the canonical Gospels of the New Testament|his college tutors were later his canonical colleagues

definition:
according to or ordered by canon law.|included in the list of sacred books officially accepted as genuine.|relating to a cathedral chapter or a member of it.


word: CANONIZE
russian_word: канонизировать
synonyms: beatify|declare to be a saint
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkanənʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkanənʌɪz
example:
he was the last English saint to be canonized prior to the Reformation|they have become cult classics, canonized in American literature by many critics

definition:
(in the Roman Catholic Church) officially declare (a dead person) to be a saint.|place in or regard as belonging to a canon of literary or artistic works.|sanction by Church authority.

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin canonizare ‘admit as authoritative’ (in medieval Latin ‘admit to the list of recognized saints’), from Latin canon (see canon1).


word: CANOPY
russian_word: навес
synonyms: awning|shade|sunshade|cover|covering|baldachin|tester|half-tester|chuppah|velarium
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkanəpi
phonetics_text: ˈkanəpi
example:
a romantic four-poster bed complete with drapes and a canopy|woolly monkeys spend hours every day sitting high in the canopy

definition:
an ornamental cloth covering hung or held up over something, especially a throne or bed.|the uppermost branches of the trees in a forest, forming a more or less continuous layer of foliage.

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin canopeum ‘ceremonial canopy’, alteration of Latin conopeum ‘mosquito net over a bed’, from Greek kōnōpeion ‘couch with mosquito curtains’, from kōnōps ‘mosquito’.


word: CANT
russian_word: косяк
example: he had no time for the cant of the priests about sin|thieves' cant
antonyms: sincerity
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kant
phonetics_text: kant
definition:
hypocritical and sanctimonious talk, typically of a moral, religious, or political nature.|language specific to a particular group or profession and regarded with disparagement.

synonyms:
hypocrisy|sanctimoniousness|sanctimony|humbug|pietism|affected piety|insincerity|sham|lip service|empty talk|pretence|Pharisaism|Tartufferie

origin:
early 16th century: probably from Latin cantare ‘to sing’ (see chant). The early meaning was ‘musical sound, singing’; in the mid 17th century this gave rise to the senses ‘whining manner of speaking’ and ‘form of words repeated mechanically in such a manner’ (for example a beggar's plea), hence ‘jargon’ (of beggars and other such groups).


word: CANTANKEROUS
russian_word: сварливый
example: he can be a cantankerous old fossil at times
definition: bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.
antonyms: good-natured|affable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kanˈtaŋk(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: kanˈtaŋk(ə)rəs
synonyms:
bad-tempered|irascible|irritable|grumpy|grouchy|crotchety|tetchy|testy|crusty|curmudgeonly|ill-tempered|ill-natured|ill-humoured|peevish|cross|fractious|disagreeable|pettish|crabbed|crabby|waspish|prickly|peppery|touchy|scratchy|splenetic|shrewish|short-tempered|hot-tempered|quick-tempered|dyspeptic|choleric|bilious|liverish|cross-grained|argumentative|quarrelsome|uncooperative|contrary|perverse|difficult|awkward|as cross as two sticks|snappish|snappy|chippy|on a short fuse|short-fused|shirty|stroppy|narky|ratty|eggy|like a bear with a sore head|cranky|ornery|peckish|soreheaded|snaky|waxy|miffy

origin:
mid 18th century: of unknown origin; perhaps a blend of Anglo-Irish cant  ‘auction’ and rancorous (see rancour).


word: CANTEEN
russian_word: столовая
synonyms: restaurant|cafeteria|refectory|mess hall|NAAFI|lunchroom|popote|stolovaya|cafe de move-on
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kanˈtiːn
phonetics_text: kanˈtiːn
definition:
a restaurant provided by an organization such as a college, factory, or company for its students or staff.|a small water bottle, as used by soldiers or campers.|a specially designed case or box containing a set of cutlery.

origin:
mid 18th century (originally denoting a shop selling provisions or alcohol in a barracks or garrison town): from French cantine, from Italian cantina ‘cellar’. A French use of cantine denoting a small compartmented case for carrying bottles of wine may have given rise to canteen (sense 3).


word: CANTERBURY
russian_word: Кентербери
definition: a low cabinet for holding music or books.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkantəb(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈkantəb(ə)ri
origin:
early 19th century: named after Canterbury in Kent (from a belief that the Archbishop of Canterbury ordered such a piece to be made).


word: CANTHARIDIN
russian_word: кантаридин
origin: early 19th century: from cantharides.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kanˈθarɪdɪn
phonetics_text: kanˈθarɪdɪn
definition:
a toxic fatty substance secreted by blister beetles. It causes blistering and has been used in various traditional remedies including Spanish fly.


word: CANTLE
russian_word: канителью
definition: the raised curved part at the back of a horse's saddle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkant(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkant(ə)l
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘a corner’): from Anglo-Norman French cantel, variant of Old French chantel, from medieval Latin cantellus, from cantus ‘corner, side’.


word: CANTORIS
russian_word: северный клирос
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘of the cantor’ (see cantor).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kanˈtɔːrɪs
phonetics_text: kanˈtɔːrɪs
definition:
the section of a church or cathedral choir conventionally placed on the north side and taking the second or lower part in antiphonal singing.


word: CANVASS
russian_word: предвыборная агитация
definition: solicit votes from (electors or members).|propose (an idea or plan) for discussion.
synonyms: campaign|electioneer|solicit votes|drum up support|stump|doorstep|be a ward heeler
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkanvəs
phonetics_text: ˈkanvəs
example:
in each ward, two workers canvassed some 2,000 voters|early retirement was canvassed as a solution to the problem of unemployment

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘toss in a canvas sheet’ (as a sport or punishment)): from canvas. Later extended senses include ‘criticize, discuss’ (mid 16th century) and ‘propose for discussion’; hence ‘seek support for’.


word: CANYON
russian_word: каньон
example: the Grand Canyon
definition: a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it, as found in North America.
origin: mid 19th century: from Spanish cañón ‘tube’, based on Latin canna ‘reed, cane’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkanjən
phonetics_text: ˈkanjən
synonyms:
ravine|gorge|gully|pass|defile|couloir|chasm|abyss|gulf|gulch|coulee|flume|arroyo|barranca|quebrada|nullah|khud|sloot|kloof|donga|khor


word: CANYONING
russian_word: каньонинг
example: canyoning is an extremely popular summer thrill in the Alps
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkanjənɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkanjənɪŋ
definition:
the sport of jumping into a fast-flowing mountain stream and allowing oneself to be carried downstream at high speed.


word: CAP
russian_word: крышка
synonyms: lid|top|stopper|cork|bung|spile|ferrule|cover|covering|stopple
origin: Old English cæppe ‘hood’, from late Latin cappa, perhaps from Latin caput ‘head’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kap
phonetics_text: kap
example:
a man wearing a raincoat and a flat cap|a glass bottle with a screw cap|he raised the cap on local authority spending

definition:
a kind of soft, flat hat, typically with a peak.|a protective lid or cover for an object such as a bottle, the point of a pen, or a camera lens.|an upper limit imposed on spending or borrowing.|a contraceptive diaphragm.|the broad upper part of the fruiting body of most mushrooms and toadstools, at the top of a stem and bearing gills or pores.|short for percussion cap.


word: CAPABILITY
russian_word: способность
example: he had an intuitive capability of bringing the best out in people
definition: the power or ability to do something.
antonyms: inability|incompetence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: keɪpəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: keɪpəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
ability|capacity|power|potential|potentiality|competence|proficiency|accomplishment|adeptness|aptitude|aptness|faculty|experience|skill|skilfulness|talent|flair|cleverness|intelligence|gift|strong point|forte|knack|know-how


word: CAPABLE
russian_word: способный
example: I'm quite capable of taking care of myself|she looked enthusiastic and capable
antonyms: incompetent|inept
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkeɪpəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪpəb(ə)l
definition:
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.|able to achieve efficiently whatever one has to do; competent.

synonyms:
have the ability to|have the potential to|be equal to (the task of)|be up to|be disposed to|be inclined to|be prone to|be liable to|be likely to|be apt to|have what it takes to

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘able to take in’, physically or mentally): from French, from late Latin capabilis, from Latin capere ‘take or hold’.


word: CAPACIOUS
russian_word: емкий
example: she rummaged in her capacious handbag
definition: having a lot of space inside; roomy.
antonyms: cramped|small
origin: early 17th century: from Latin capax, capac- ‘capable’ + -ious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈpeɪʃəs
phonetics_text: kəˈpeɪʃəs
synonyms:
roomy|commodious|spacious|ample|big|large|sizeable|generous|extensive|substantial|vast|huge|immense|voluminous|spacey


word: CAPACITIVE
russian_word: емкостный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈpasɪtɪv
phonetics_text: kəˈpasɪtɪv
example:
the capacitive touchscreens built into many phones rely on the skin's natural electrical conductivity to work

definition:
denoting or relating to a touchscreen that works by sensing when something that conducts electricity, such as a fingertip, is in contact with the screen.


word: CAPACITOR
russian_word: конденсатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈpasɪtə
phonetics_text: kəˈpasɪtə
definition:
a device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.


word: CAPACITY
russian_word: мощность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈpasɪti
phonetics_text: kəˈpasɪti
example:
the capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet|the company aimed to double its electricity-generating capacity|I was engaged in a voluntary capacity

definition:
the maximum amount that something can contain.|the amount that something can produce.|a specified role or position.

synonyms:
volume|cubic measure|size|dimensions|measurements|magnitude|proportions|amplitude|room|space|extent|range|scope|compass

origin:
late Middle English: from French capacité, from Latin capacitas, from capax, capac- ‘that can contain’, from capere ‘take or hold’.


word: CAPE
russian_word: мыс
example: he was wearing a flowing cape|the hair on a cape for the taxidermist can spoil in warm weather
synonyms: cloak|mantle|shawl|wrap|stole|tippet|poncho|serape|cope|mozzetta|amice|mantlet|pelisse|pelerine
origin: mid 16th century: from French, from Provençal capa, from late Latin cappa ‘covering for the head’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: keɪp
phonetics_text: keɪp
definition:
a sleeveless cloak, typically a short one.|the pelt from the head and neck of an animal, for preparation as a hunting trophy.


word: CAPELIN
russian_word: мойвы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪplɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪplɪn|ˈkaplɪn
definition:
a small fish of the North Atlantic, resembling a smelt. It is abundant in coastal waters and provides a staple food for humans and many animals.

origin:
early 17th century: from French, from Provençal capelan, from medieval Latin cappellanus ‘custodian’ (see chaplain).


word: CAPER
russian_word: каперсы
example: children were capering about the room
definition: skip or dance about in a lively or playful way.
origin: late 16th century: abbreviation of capriole.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪpə
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪpə
synonyms:
skip|dance|romp|jig|frisk|gambol|cavort|prance|frolic|leap|hop|jump|bound|spring|curvet|rollick|capriole


word: CAPIAS
russian_word: судебный приказ
definition: a writ ordering the arrest of a named person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪpɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪpɪəs|ˈkapɪəs
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin capias (ad respondendum), literally ‘you are to seize (until reply is made)’, from capere ‘take’.


word: CAPILLARITY
russian_word: капиллярность
origin: mid 19th century: from French capillarité, from Latin capillaris ‘like a hair’ (see capillary).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkapɪˈlarɪti
phonetics_text: ˌkapɪˈlarɪti
definition:
the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension.


word: CAPITAL
russian_word: капитал
synonyms: first city|most important city|seat of government|centre of administration|metropolis
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|exclamation
phonetic: ˈkapɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkapɪt(ə)l
example:
Warsaw is the capital of Poland|rates of return on invested capital were high|he wrote the name in capitals

definition:
the city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region.|wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing.|a letter of the size and form used to begin sentences and names.

origin:
Middle English (as an adjective in the sense ‘relating to the head or top’, later ‘standing at the head or beginning’): via Old French from Latin capitalis, from caput ‘head’.


word: CAPITALISM
russian_word: капитализм
example: an era of free-market capitalism
antonyms: communism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

synonyms:
private enterprise|free enterprise|private ownership|privatized industries|the free market|individualism|laissez-faire


word: CAPITALIST
russian_word: капиталист
example: the creation of the factory system by nineteenth-century capitalists
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪst
phonetics_text: ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪst
definition:
a person who uses their wealth to invest in trade and industry for profit in accordance with the principles of capitalism.

synonyms:
financier|investor|industrialist|magnate|tycoon|mogul|nabob|plutocrat|fat cat|yuppie|money man|loadsamoney|moneybags


word: CAPITALIZE
russian_word: капитализировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkapɪt(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkapɪt(ə)lʌɪz
example:
a highly capitalized industry|people should have the right to capitalize part of the value of these benefits|the letter M, either capitalized or in lower case, is the abbreviation for mili-

definition:
take the chance to gain advantage from.|provide (a company) with capital.|realize (the present value of an income); convert into capital.|write or print (a word or letter) in capital letters.

synonyms:
take advantage of|profit from|turn to account|make capital out of|make the most of|exploit|benefit from|put to advantage|maximize|strike while the iron is hot|make hay while the sun shines|cash in on


word: CAPITALIZED
russian_word: капитализированный
example: a capitalized title|operating highly leveraged, thinly capitalized firms is incredibly risky
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkapɪtəlʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ˈkapɪtəlʌɪzd
definition:
(of a word or letter) written as a capital letter or in capital letters.|(of a company or financial institution) provided with capital.


word: CAPITULARY
russian_word: капитуляционный
definition: a royal command under the Merovingian dynasty.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈpɪtjʊləri
phonetics_text: kəˈpɪtjʊləri
origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin capitularius, from Latin capitulum in the sense ‘section of a law’.


word: CAPITULATE
russian_word: капитулировать
example: the patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces
definition: cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; yield.
antonyms: resist|hold out
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈpɪtjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈpɪtjʊleɪt
synonyms:
surrender|give in|yield|admit defeat|concede defeat|give up the struggle|submit|back down|climb down|give way|cave in|succumb|crumble|bow to someone/something|relent|acquiesce|accede|come to terms|be beaten|be overcome|be overwhelmed|fall|lay down one's arms|raise/show the white flag|throw in the towel|throw in the sponge

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘parley, draw up terms’): from French capituler, from medieval Latin capitulare ‘draw up under headings’, from Latin capitulum, diminutive of caput ‘head’.


word: CAPO
russian_word: капо
origin: late 19th century: from Italian capo tasto, literally ‘head stop’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkapəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkapəʊ
definition:
a clamp fastened across all the strings of a fretted musical instrument to raise their tuning by a chosen amount.


word: CAPOEIRA
russian_word: капоэйра
origin: Portuguese.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkapʊˈeɪrə
phonetics_text: ˌkapʊˈeɪrə
definition:
a system of physical discipline and movement originating among Brazilian slaves, treated as a martial art and dance form.


word: CAPOT
russian_word: взятие одним игроком всех взяток
origin: mid 17th century: from French, perhaps from a dialect variant of chapoter ‘castrate’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəˈpɒt
phonetics_text: kəˈpɒt
definition:
(in piquet) the winning of all twelve tricks in the hand by one player, for which a bonus is awarded.


word: CAPPELLETTI
russian_word: каппеллетти
origin: Italian, literally ‘little hats’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkapəˈlɛti
phonetics_text: ˌkapəˈlɛti
definition:
pieces of pasta stuffed with meat, cheese, or vegetables and folded so as to resemble small peaked hats, served either in broth or with a sauce.


word: CAPRICE
russian_word: каприз
example: the caprices of the electorate|the caprice was divided into a theme and eleven variations
definition: a sudden and unaccountable change of mood or behaviour.|another term for capriccio.
antonyms: stability
origin: mid 17th century: from French, from Italian (see capriccio).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈpriːs
phonetics_text: kəˈpriːs
synonyms:
whim|whimsy|vagary|fancy|notion|fad|freak|humour|impulse|quirk|eccentricity|foible|crotchet|urge|fickleness|changeableness|volatility|inconstancy|capriciousness|fitfulness|unpredictability


word: CAPRICIOUS
russian_word: капризный
example: it's terrible to feel our livelihood hinges on a capricious boss
definition: given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behaviour.
antonyms: stable|consistent
origin: early 17th century: from French capricieux, from Italian (see capriccioso).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈprɪʃəs
phonetics_text: kəˈprɪʃəs
synonyms:
fickle|inconstant|changeable|variable|unstable|mercurial|volatile|erratic|vacillating|irregular|inconsistent|fitful|arbitrary|impulsive|temperamental|wild|ungovernable|whimsical|fanciful|flighty|wayward|quirky|faddish|freakish|unpredictable|random|chance|haphazard


word: CAPSAICIN
russian_word: капсаицин
definition: a compound that is responsible for the pungency of capsicums.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kapˈseɪɪsɪn
phonetics_text: kapˈseɪɪsɪn
origin:
late 19th century: alteration of capsicine, the name of a substance formerly thought to have the same property.


word: CAPSICUM
russian_word: стручковый перец
origin: late 16th century: modern Latin, perhaps from Latin capsa (see case2).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkapsɪkəm
phonetics_text: ˈkapsɪkəm
definition:
a tropical American plant of the nightshade family with fruits (peppers) containing many seeds. Many cultivated kinds have been developed.


word: CAPSIZE
russian_word: опрокидывание
example: the craft capsized in heavy seas
definition: (of a boat) be overturned in the water.
antonyms: right
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kapˈsʌɪz
phonetics_text: kapˈsʌɪz
synonyms:
overturn|turn over|turn upside down|upset|upend|knock over|flip over|tip over|topple over|invert|keel over|turn turtle|pitchpole|overset

origin:
late 18th century: perhaps based on Spanish capuzar ‘sink (a ship) by the head’, from cabo ‘head’ + chapuzar ‘to dive or duck’.


word: CAPSTAN
russian_word: шпиль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkapst(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkapst(ə)n
definition:
a broad revolving cylinder with a vertical axis used for winding a rope or cable, powered by a motor or pushed round by levers.

origin:
late Middle English: from Provençal cabestan, from cabestre ‘halter’, from Latin capistrum, from capere ‘seize’.


word: CAPSULE
russian_word: капсула
example: he showed us the cylinder of the gun filled with six plastic capsules|a capsule review of the movie
synonyms: cover|seal|cap|top
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkapsjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈkapsjuːl|ˈkapsjʊl
definition:
a small case or container, especially a round or cylindrical one.|a tough sheath or membrane that encloses an organ or other structure in the body, such as a kidney or a synovial joint.|the foil or plastic covering the cork of a wine bottle.|a dry fruit that releases its seeds by bursting open when ripe, such as a pea pod.|the spore-producing structure of mosses and liverworts, typically borne on a stalk.|(of a piece of writing) shortened but retaining the essence of the original; condensed.

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘small container’): via French from Latin capsula, diminutive of capsa (see case2).


word: CAPTAIN
russian_word: капитан
synonyms: commander|master|skipper|old man
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkaptɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkaptɪn
example:
he found a vessel whose captain was prepared to sign him on|the cup was presented to the winning team's captain

definition:
the person in command of a ship.|the leader of a team, especially in sports.|(in the US) a police officer in charge of a precinct, ranking below a chief.

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘chief or leader’): from Old French capitain (superseding earlier chevetaigne ‘chieftain’), from late Latin capitaneus ‘chief’, from Latin caput, capit- ‘head’.


word: CAPTION
russian_word: подпись
example: he designed a series of posters with the caption: ‘No One is Innocent’
definition: a title or brief explanation accompanying an illustration, cartoon, or poster.
synonyms: title|heading|wording|head|legend|inscription|explanation|description|rubric|label|motto|slogan
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkapʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkapʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘seizing, capture’): from Latin captio(n- ), from capere ‘take, seize’. Early senses ‘arrest’ and ‘warrant for arrest’ gave rise to ‘statement of where, when, and by whose authority a warrant was issued’ (late 17th century): this was usually appended to a legal document, hence the sense ‘heading or accompanying wording’ (late 18th century).


word: CAPTIOUS
russian_word: придирчивый
example: a captious teacher
definition: tending to find fault or raise petty objections.
antonyms: forgiving|easy-going
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkapʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈkapʃəs
synonyms:
critical|fault-finding|quibbling|niggling|cavilling|carping|criticizing|disapproving|censorious|judgemental|overcritical|hypercritical|pedantic|hair-splitting|pettifogging|pass-remarkable|nitpicking|pernickety|persnickety

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘intended to deceive someone’): from Old French captieux or Latin captiosus, from captio(n- ) ‘seizing’, (figuratively) ‘deceiving’ (see caption).


word: CAPTIVATE
russian_word: очаровывать
example: he was captivated by her beauty
definition: attract and hold the interest and attention of; charm.
antonyms: repel|bore|repellent|boring
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkaptɪveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkaptɪveɪt
synonyms:
enthral|charm|enchant|bewitch|fascinate|beguile|entrance|enrapture|delight|attract|allure|lure|win|ensnare|dazzle|absorb|engross|rivet|grip|hypnotize|mesmerize|spellbind|infatuate|enamour|seduce|woo|ravish|charming|enchanting|bewitching|fascinating|beguiling|entrancing|alluring|engaging|interesting|winning|delightful|attractive|beautiful|charismatic|dazzling|engrossing|riveting|gripping|enthralling|spellbinding|seductive

origin:
early 16th century: from late Latin captivat- ‘taken captive’, from the verb captivare, from captivus (see captive).


word: CAPTIVE
russian_word: пленник
example: the captives were freed after the kidnappers told them a ransom had been paid
definition: a person who has been taken prisoner or an animal that has been confined.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin captivus, from capere ‘seize, take’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkaptɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkaptɪv
synonyms:
prisoner|convict|detainee|inmate|prisoner of war|POW|internee|hostage|slave|bondsman|jailbird|con|(old) lag|yardbird


word: CAPTIVITY
russian_word: плен
example: he was released after 865 days in captivity
definition: the condition of being imprisoned or confined.
antonyms: freedom
origin: late Middle English: from Latin captivitas, from captivus ‘taken captive’ (see captive).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kapˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: kapˈtɪvɪti
synonyms:
imprisonment|confinement|internment|incarceration|custody|detention|restraint|constraint|committal|arrest|bondage|slavery|servitude|enslavement|subjugation|subjection|thraldom|thrall|duress|durance


word: CAPTURE
russian_word: захват
antonyms: free
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkaptʃə
phonetics_text: ˈkaptʃə
example:
the island was captured by Australian forces in 1914|she did a series of sketches, trying to capture all his moods|these allow users to capture, edit, and display geographic data|the free electrons were moving too rapidly to be captured by nuclei

definition:
take into one's possession or control by force.|record accurately in words or pictures.|cause (data) to be stored in a computer.|absorb (an atomic or subatomic particle).|(of a stream) divert the upper course of (another stream) by encroaching on its catchment area.

synonyms:
catch|apprehend|seize|arrest|take prisoner|take captive|take into custody|imprison|detain|put/throw in jail|put behind bars|put under lock and key|incarcerate|lay hold of|abduct|carry off|take|trap|snare|ensnare|net|hook|reel in|land|beach|nab|collar|lift|nail|bust|pick up|bag|run in|haul in|pull in|feel someone's collar|pinch|nick|occupy|invade|conquer|take over|take possession of|annex|subjugate|win|gain|secure

origin:
mid 16th century (as a noun): from French, from Latin captura, from capt- ‘seized, taken’, from the verb capere .


word: CAPYBARA
russian_word: водосвинка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkapɪˈbɑːrə
phonetics_text: ˌkapɪˈbɑːrə
definition:
a South American mammal that resembles a giant long-legged guinea pig. It lives in groups near water and is the largest living rodent.

origin:
early 17th century: from Spanish capibara or Portuguese capivara, from Tupi capiuára, from capĩ ‘grass’ + uára ‘eater’.


word: CAR
russian_word: автомобиль
example: she drove up in a car
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑː
phonetics_text: kɑː
definition:
a four-wheeled road vehicle that is powered by an engine and is able to carry a small number of people.

synonyms:
automobile|motor|machine|wheels|heap|crate|(old) banger|jalopy|limo|auto|hooptie|motor car|horseless carriage

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘wheeled vehicle’): from Old Northern French carre, based on Latin carrum, carrus, of Celtic origin.


word: CARABID
russian_word: жужелиц
definition: a fast-running beetle of a family ( Carabidae ) that comprises the predatory ground beetles.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarəbɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkarəbɪd
origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Carabidae (plural), from Latin carabus, denoting a kind of crab.


word: CARAFE
russian_word: графин
example: wine is available by glass, bottle, or carafe
definition: an open-topped glass flask used for serving wine or water in a restaurant.
synonyms: flask|jug|pitcher|decanter|bottle|flagon|container|vessel|ewer|crock|urn
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈraf
phonetics_text: kəˈraf|kəˈrɑːf
origin:
late 18th century: from French, from Italian caraffa, probably based on Arabic g̣arafa ‘draw water’.


word: CARAMBOLA
russian_word: карамбола
origin: late 16th century: from Portuguese, probably from Marathi karambal .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkar(ə)mˈbəʊlə
phonetics_text: ˌkar(ə)mˈbəʊlə
definition:
a golden-yellow juicy fruit with a star-shaped cross section.|the small tropical tree which bears carambolas.


word: CARAT
russian_word: карат
example: 22-carat gold|a half-carat diamond ring
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarət
phonetics_text: ˈkarət
definition:
a measure of the purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carats.|a unit of weight for precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 200 milligrams.

origin:
late Middle English: from French, from Italian carato, from Arabic qīrāṭ (a unit of weight), from Greek keration ‘fruit of the carob’ (also denoting a unit of weight), diminutive of keras ‘horn’, with reference to the elongated seed pod of the carob.


word: CARAVAN
russian_word: караван
example: they spent a fishing holiday in a caravan
synonyms: mobile home|camper|caravanette|trailer|van|Dormobile
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarəvan
phonetics_text: ˈkarəvan|karəˈvan
definition:
a vehicle equipped for living in, typically towed by a car and used for holidays.|a group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, travelling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.

origin:
late 15th century (in caravan (sense 2)): from French caravane, from Persian kārwān . The sense ‘covered horse-drawn wagon’ dates from the early 19th century.


word: CARAVANSERAI
russian_word: караван-сарай
origin: late 16th century: from Persian kārwānsarāy, from kārwān ‘caravan’ + sarāy ‘palace’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkarəˈvansərʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˌkarəˈvansərʌɪ|ˌkarəˈvansəri
definition:
an inn with a central courtyard for travellers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa.|a group of people travelling together; a caravan.


word: CARAVEL
russian_word: каравелла
definition: a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarəvɛl
phonetics_text: ˈkarəvɛl
origin:
early 16th century: from French caravelle, from Portuguese caravela, diminutive of caravo, via Latin from Greek karabos ‘horned beetle’ or ‘light ship’.


word: CARAWAY
russian_word: тмин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarəweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkarəweɪ
definition:
the seeds of a plant of the parsley family, used for flavouring and as a source of oil.|the white-flowered Mediterranean plant which bears caraway seeds.

origin:
Middle English: from medieval Latin carui, from Arabic al-karāwiyā, probably from Greek karon ‘cumin’.


word: CARBAMATE
russian_word: карбамат
example: ethyl carbamate
origin: mid 19th century: from carbamic (from carbo- + amide + -ic) + -ate1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːbəmeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːbəmeɪt
definition:
a salt or ester containing the anion NH2COO− or the group —OOCNH2, derived from the hypothetical compound carbamic acid.


word: CARBENE
russian_word: карбеновый
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːbiːn
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːbiːn
definition:
a highly reactive molecule containing a divalent carbon atom, examples of which occur as intermediates in some organic reactions.


word: CARBONARA
russian_word: карбонара
example: spaghetti carbonara
definition: denoting a pasta sauce typically made with cured pork, egg, and grated cheese.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːrə
phonetics_text: ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːrə
origin:
Italian, perhaps feminine of dialect carbonaro ‘charcoal seller or burner’, or from the name of the Carbonara restaurant in Rome, which specializes in the dish.


word: CARBONIFEROUS
russian_word: угленосный
example: Carboniferous plants in Europe show little trace of strong seasonal growth
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌkɑːbəˈnɪf(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˌkɑːbəˈnɪf(ə)rəs
definition:
relating to or denoting the fifth period of the Palaeozoic era, between the Devonian and Permian periods.


word: CARBON PAPER
russian_word: копировальная бумага
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
thin paper coated with carbon or another pigmented substance, used for making a second impression of a document as it is being written or typed.


word: CARBONYL
russian_word: карбонил
example: carbonyl compounds
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːbənʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːbənʌɪl|ˈkɑːbənɪl
definition:
of or denoting the divalent radical =C=O, present in such organic compounds as aldehydes, ketones, amides, and esters, and in organic acids as part of the carboxyl group.


word: CARBOY
russian_word: оплетенная бутыль
origin: mid 18th century: from Persian qarāba ‘large glass flagon’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːbɔɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːbɔɪ
definition:
a large globular glass bottle with a narrow neck, typically protected by a frame and used for holding acids or other corrosive liquids.


word: CARBUNCLE
russian_word: карбункул
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːbʌŋk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːbʌŋk(ə)l
definition:
a severe abscess or multiple boil in the skin, typically infected with staphylococcus bacteria.|a bright red gem, in particular a garnet cut en cabochon.

synonyms:
boil|blister|sore|abscess|pustule|pimple|spot|wart|papule|wen|whitlow|canker|swelling|lump|growth|outgrowth|eruption|infection|inflammation|plook|vesication|furuncle

origin:
Middle English (in carbuncle (sense 2)): from Old French charbuncle, from Latin carbunculus ‘small coal’, from carbo ‘coal, charcoal’.


word: CARBURATION
russian_word: карбюрация
origin: late 19th century: from archaic carburet ‘combine or charge with a hydrocarbon’ + -ation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɑːbjʊˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkɑːbjʊˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process of mixing air with a fine spray of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, as in an internal combustion engine.


word: CARCASS
russian_word: туша
example: she saw the mud-covered carcass of a sheep
definition: the dead body of an animal.
synonyms: corpse|cadaver|dead body|body|remains|skeleton|relics|stiff|corse
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːkəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːkəs
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French carcois, variant of Old French charcois ; in later use from French carcasse ; of unknown ultimate origin.


word: CARCINOID
russian_word: карциноид
origin: late 19th century: from an abbreviation of carcinoma + -oid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːsɪnɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːsɪnɔɪd
definition:
a tumour of a type occurring in the glands of the intestine (especially the appendix) or in the bronchi, and sometimes secreting hormones.


word: CARD
russian_word: карта
synonyms: cardboard|pasteboard|board|stiff paper
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɑːd
phonetics_text: kɑːd
example:
some notes jotted down on a card|your card cannot be used to withdraw more than your daily limit from cash machines|a pack of cards|a nine-race card|He laughed: ‘You're a card, you know’

definition:
a piece of thick, stiff paper or thin pasteboard, in particular one used for writing or printing on.|a small rectangular piece of plastic containing personal data in a machine-readable form and used to obtain cash or credit or to pay for a phone call, gain entry to a room or building, etc.|a playing card.|short for expansion card.|documents relating to an employee, especially for tax and national insurance, held by the employer.|a programme of events at a race meeting.|a person regarded as odd or amusing.

origin:
late Middle English (in sense 3 of the noun): from Old French carte, from Latin carta, charta, from Greek khartēs ‘papyrus leaf’.


word: CARDAMOM
russian_word: кардамон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːdəməm
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːdəməm
definition:
the aromatic seeds of a plant of the ginger family, used as a spice and also medicinally.|the SE Asian plant that bears cardamom seeds.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French cardamome or Latin cardamomum, from Greek kardamōmon, from kardamon ‘cress’ + amōmon, the name of a kind of spice plant.


word: CARDIAC
russian_word: сердечный
definition: relating to the heart.|relating to the part of the stomach nearest the oesophagus.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːdɪak
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːdɪak
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting heart disease): from French cardiaque or Latin cardiacus, from Greek kardiakos, from kardia ‘heart or upper opening of the stomach’. The adjective dates from the early 17th century.


word: CARDIGAN
russian_word: кардиган
definition: a knitted jumper fastening down the front.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːdɪɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːdɪɡ(ə)n
origin:
mid 19th century (Crimean War): named after James Thomas Brudenel, 7th Earl of Cardigan (1797–1868), leader of the Charge of the Light Brigade, whose troops first wore such garments.


word: CARDINAL
russian_word: кардинал
example: his appointment as cardinal
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɑːd(ɪ)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːd(ɪ)n(ə)l
definition:
a leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church. Cardinals are nominated by the Pope, and form the Sacred College which elects succeeding popes (now invariably from among their own number).|a New World songbird of the bunting family, having a stout bill and typically a conspicuous crest. The male is partly or mostly red in colour.

origin:
Old English, from Latin cardinalis, from cardo, cardin- ‘hinge’. cardinal (sense 1 of the noun) has arisen through the notion of the important function of such priests as ‘pivots’ of church life.


word: CARDINAL NUMBER
russian_word: количественное числительное
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a number denoting quantity (one, two, three, etc.), as opposed to an ordinal number (first, second, third, etc.).


word: CARDIOID
russian_word: кардиоида
origin: mid 18th century: from Greek kardioeidēs ‘heart-shaped’, from kardia ‘heart’ + eidos ‘form’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɑːdɪɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːdɪɔɪd
definition:
a heart-shaped curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle as it rolls around another identical circle.


word: CARDIOMEGALY
russian_word: кардиомегалия
definition: abnormal enlargement of the heart.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈmɛɡəli
phonetics_text: ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈmɛɡəli
origin:
early 20th century: from cardio- + -megaly (a suffix forming nouns denoting abnormal enlargement of a part of the body).


word: CARE
russian_word: уход
example: the care of the elderly|he planned his departure with great care
antonyms: neglect|disregard
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɛː
phonetics_text: kɛː
definition:
the provision of what is necessary for the health, welfare, maintenance, and protection of someone or something.|serious attention or consideration applied to doing something correctly or to avoid damage or risk.

synonyms:
safe keeping|supervision|custody|charge|protection|keeping|keep|control|management|ministration|guidance|superintendence|tutelage|aegis|responsibility|guardianship|wardship|trusteeship|trust|provision of care|looking after|parenting|mothering|fathering|concern|consideration|attention|attentiveness|thought|regard|mind|notice|heed|solicitude|interest|caringness|sympathy|respect

origin:
Old English caru (noun), carian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Old High German chara ‘grief, lament’, charon ‘grieve’, and Old Norse kǫr ‘sickbed’.


word: CAREEN
russian_word: кренговать
example: an electric golf cart careened around the corner
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈriːn
phonetics_text: kəˈriːn
definition:
move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way.|turn (a ship) on its side for cleaning, caulking, or repair.

synonyms:
rush|hurtle|career|streak|shoot|race|bolt|dash|speed|run|whizz|zoom|flash|blast|charge|fly|go like the wind|belt|scoot|tear|zip|whip|zap|go like a bat out of hell|bomb|hightail|clip

origin:
late 16th century (as a noun denoting the position of a careened ship): from French carène, from Italian carena, from Latin carina ‘a keel’. Sense 1 was influenced by the verb career.


word: CAREER
russian_word: карьера
example: he seemed destined for a career as an engineer like his father
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəˈrɪə
phonetics_text: kəˈrɪə
definition:
an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress.

synonyms:
profession|occupation|vocation|calling|employment|job|day job|line|line of work|walk of life|position|post|sphere|métier

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a road or racecourse): from French carrière, from Italian carriera, based on Latin carrus ‘wheeled vehicle’.


word: CAREFREE
russian_word: беззаботный
example: we were young and carefree
definition: free from anxiety or responsibility.
antonyms: anxious|careworn
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɛːfriː
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːfriː
synonyms:
unworried|untroubled|blithe|airy|nonchalant|insouciant|happy-go-lucky|free and easy|easy-going|blasé|devil-may-care|casual|relaxed|serene|cheerful|cheery|happy|merry|jolly|joyful|gleeful|glad|bright|sunny|buoyant|vivacious|bubbly|bouncy|breezy|jaunty|frisky|upbeat|laid back


word: CAREFUL
russian_word: тщательный
example: I begged him to be more careful|a careful consideration of the facts
antonyms: careless
origin: Old English carful (see care, -ful).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɛːfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːfʊl|ˈkɛːf(ə)l
definition:
making sure of avoiding potential danger, mishap, or harm; cautious.|done with or showing thought and attention.

synonyms:
cautious|heedful|alert|aware|attentive|watchful|vigilant|wary|on guard|chary|circumspect|prudent|mindful|guarded|unhurried|measured|deliberate|leery|cagey


word: CAREGIVING
russian_word: Уход
example: caregiving is filled with rewards and joy, but it can also be overwhelming and exhausting
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɛːɡɪvɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːɡɪvɪŋ
definition:
the activity or profession of regularly looking after a child or a sick, elderly, or disabled person.


word: CARELESS
russian_word: небрежный
example: she had been careless and had left the window unlocked
definition: not giving sufficient attention or thought to avoiding harm or errors.
antonyms: careful|attentive|meticulous|judicious
origin: Old English carlēas ‘free from care’ (see care, -less).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɛːləs
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːləs
synonyms:
inattentive|incautious|negligent|remiss|forgetful|absent-minded|heedless|irresponsible|impetuous|reckless|sloppy|couldn't care less|slap-happy|shoddy|slapdash|slipshod|scrappy|slovenly|unconsidered|amateurish|lax|slack|wild|disorganized|hasty|hurried|perfunctory|cursory|thrown together|sketchy|hit-or-miss|inaccurate|imprecise|inexact|incorrect|wrong|erroneous|error-ridden|scatterbrained|thoughtless|unthinking|insensitive|indiscreet|unguarded|ill-advised|ill-considered|ill-thought-out|unwise|misguided|inadvertent|rash|foolhardy|spur-of-the-moment|hare-brained|negligent in|mindless of|heedless of|improvident about|unconcerned about|indifferent to|oblivious to|reckless about|remiss in|slapdash about|slipshod about|frivolous about|sloppy in|messy in|half-arsed|half-assed


word: CARELESSNESS
russian_word: небрежность
example: most road accidents are caused by carelessness on the part of motorists
definition: failure to give sufficient attention to avoiding harm or errors; negligence.
antonyms: carefulness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɛːləsnəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːləsnəs
synonyms:
inattention|inattentiveness|heedlessness|thoughtlessness|negligence|improvidence|remissness|forgetfulness|absent-mindedness|irresponsibility|impetuosity|recklessness|rashness|laxity|laxness|slackness|clumsiness|ineptitude|oversight|omission|dereliction|sloppiness


word: CARER
russian_word: уход
example: elderly people and their carers need long-term support
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɛːrə
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːrə
definition:
a family member or paid helper who regularly looks after a child or a sick, elderly, or disabled person.


word: CARESS
russian_word: ласка
example: she caressed the girl's forehead
definition: touch or stroke gently or lovingly.
synonyms: stroke|touch|fondle|brush|skim|pet|pat|nuzzle|kiss|cuddle|embrace|hug
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kəˈrɛs
phonetics_text: kəˈrɛs
origin:
mid 17th century: from French caresser (verb), caresse (noun), from Italian carezza, based on Latin carus ‘dear’.


word: CAREWORN
russian_word: измученный заботами
example: a careworn expression
definition: tired and unhappy because of prolonged worry.
antonyms: carefree
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɛːwɔːn
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːwɔːn
synonyms:
worried|anxious|harassed|strained|stressed|under pressure|overburdened|tired|drained|drawn|gaunt|grim|haggard|pinched|exhausted|sapped|spent|hassled


word: CARGO
russian_word: грузовой
example: transportation of bulk cargo
definition: goods carried on a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːɡəʊ
synonyms:
freight|load|haul|consignment|delivery|shipment|contents|baggage|burden|goods|merchandise|shipload|boatload|truckload|containerload|lorryload|lading|freightage

origin:
mid 17th century: from Spanish cargo, carga, from late Latin carricare, carcare ‘to load’, from Latin carrus ‘wheeled vehicle’.


word: CARIBOU
russian_word: карибу
definition: a large North American reindeer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarɪbuː
phonetics_text: ˈkarɪbuː
origin:
early 17th century: from Canadian French, from an earlier form of Micmac qalipu, literally ‘snow-shoveller’ (because the caribou scrapes away snow to feed on the vegetation underneath).


word: CARICATURE
russian_word: карикатура
example: a crude caricature of the Prime Minister
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkarɪkətjʊə
phonetics_text: ˈkarɪkətjʊə|ˈkarɪkətʃɔː
definition:
a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.

synonyms:
cartoon|distorted/exaggerated drawing|distortion|parody|satire|lampoon|burlesque|mimicry|travesty|farce|skit|squib|send-up|take-off|spoof|pasquinade

origin:
mid 18th century: from French, from Italian caricatura, from caricare ‘load, exaggerate’, from Latin carricare (see charge).


word: CARING
russian_word: заботливый
example: a caring and invaluable friend
definition: displaying kindness and concern for others.
antonyms: uncaring|cruel
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɛːrɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkɛːrɪŋ
synonyms:
kind|kind-hearted|warm-hearted|soft-hearted|tender|feeling|concerned|attentive|thoughtful|solicitous|responsible|considerate|affectionate|loving|doting|fond|warm|benevolent|benign|humane|good-natured|gentle|mild|indulgent|sympathetic|understanding|receptive|compassionate|charitable|gracious|long-suffering|patient


word: CARL
russian_word: деревенщина
definition: a peasant or man of low birth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːl
phonetics_text: kɑːl
origin:
Old English (denoting a peasant or villein): from Old Norse karl ‘man, freeman’, of Germanic origin; related to churl.


word: CARLINE
russian_word: девясил
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːlɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːlɪn
definition:
a European plant that resembles the thistle, with flower heads that bear shiny persistent straw-coloured bracts.

origin:
late 16th century: from French, from medieval Latin carlina, perhaps an alteration of cardina (from Latin carduus ‘thistle’), by association with Carolus Magnus (see Charlemagne), to whom its medicinal properties were said to have been revealed.


word: CARMELITE
russian_word: кармелит
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɑːmɪlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːmɪlʌɪt
definition:
a friar or nun of a contemplative Catholic order founded at Mount Carmel during the Crusades and dedicated to Our Lady.


word: CARMINATIVE
russian_word: ветрогонный
definition: (chiefly of a drug) relieving flatulence.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːmɪnətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːmɪnətɪv|kɑːˈmɪnətɪv
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French carminatif, -ive, or medieval Latin carminat- ‘healed (by incantation)’, from the verb carminare, from Latin carmen (see charm).


word: CARNAGE
russian_word: резня
example: the bombing was timed to cause as much carnage as possible
definition: the killing of a large number of people.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːnɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːnɪdʒ
synonyms:
slaughter|massacre|mass murder|mass destruction|butchery|bloodbath|indiscriminate bloodshed|bloodletting|annihilation|destruction|decimation|havoc|holocaust|pogrom|ethnic cleansing|shambles

origin:
early 17th century: from French, from Italian carnaggio, from medieval Latin carnaticum, from Latin caro, carn- ‘flesh’.


word: CARNAL
russian_word: плотский
example: carnal desire
definition: relating to physical, especially sexual, needs and activities.
antonyms: spiritual
origin: late Middle English: from Christian Latin carnalis, from caro, carn- ‘flesh’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɑːn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːn(ə)l
synonyms:
sexual|sensual|erotic|lustful|lascivious|libidinous|lecherous|licentious|lewd|prurient|salacious|coarse|gross|lubricious|venereal|physical|bodily|corporeal|fleshly|animal|sexy


word: CARNATION
russian_word: гвоздика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɑːˈneɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a double-flowered cultivated variety of clove pink, with grey-green leaves and showy pink, white, or red flowers.

origin:
late 16th century: perhaps based on a misreading of Arabic qaranful ‘clove or clove pink’, from Greek karyophyllon . The early forms suggest confusion with carnation2, with incarnation, and with coronation .


word: CARNELIAN
russian_word: сердолик
example: carnelian beads
definition: a semi-precious stone consisting of a dull red or reddish-white variety of chalcedony (quartz).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːˈniːlɪən
phonetics_text: kɑːˈniːlɪən
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French corneline ; the prefix car- being suggested by Latin caro, carn- ‘flesh’.


word: CARNET
russian_word: книжечка с отрывными купонами
origin: 1920s: from French, ‘notebook’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːneɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːneɪ
definition:
a book of tickets for use on public transport in some countries.|a customs permit allowing a motor vehicle to be taken across a frontier for a limited period.


word: CARNIVAL
russian_word: карнавал
synonyms: festival|fiesta|fete|gala|jamboree|holiday|celebration|party|parade|procession|march|tattoo
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːnɪv(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːnɪv(ə)l
example:
the culmination of the week-long carnival|he worked at a carnival, climbing Ferris wheels and working 18-hour days

definition:
an annual festival, typically during the week before Lent in Roman Catholic countries, involving processions, music, dancing, and the use of masquerade.|a travelling funfair or circus.

origin:
mid 16th century: from Italian carnevale, carnovale, from medieval Latin carnelevamen, carnelevarium ‘Shrovetide’, from Latin caro, carn- ‘flesh’ + levare ‘put away’.


word: CARNIVORA
russian_word: хищники
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːˈnɪvərə
phonetics_text: kɑːˈnɪvərə
definition:
an order of mammals that comprises the cats, dogs, bears, hyenas, weasels, civets, raccoons, and mongooses. They are distinguished by having powerful jaws and teeth adapted for stabbing, tearing, and eating flesh.


word: CARNOTITE
russian_word: карнотит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːnətʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːnətʌɪt
definition:
a lemon-yellow radioactive mineral consisting of hydrated vanadate of uranium, potassium, and other elements.

origin:
late 19th century: named after Marie Adolphe Carnot (1839–1920), French inspector of mines, + -ite1.


word: CAROB
russian_word: рожковое дерево
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarəb
phonetics_text: ˈkarəb
definition:
a brown floury powder extracted from the carob bean, used as a substitute for chocolate.|a small evergreen Arabian tree which bears long brownish-purple edible pods.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the carob bean): from Old French carobe, from medieval Latin carrubia, from Arabic ḵarrūba .


word: CAROTENE
russian_word: каротин
origin: mid 19th century: coined in German from Latin carota (see carrot).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarətiːn
phonetics_text: ˈkarətiːn
definition:
an orange or red plant pigment found in carrots and many other plant structures. It is a terpenoid hydrocarbon with several isomers, including beta-carotene.


word: CAROTENOID
russian_word: каротиноидов
example: carotenoid pigments
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈrɒtɪnɔɪd
phonetics_text: kəˈrɒtɪnɔɪd
definition:
any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which give colour to plant parts such as ripe tomatoes and autumn leaves.


word: CAROTID
russian_word: сонная артерия
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəˈrɒtɪd
phonetics_text: kəˈrɒtɪd
definition:
relating to or denoting the two main arteries which carry blood to the head and neck, and their two main branches.

origin:
early 17th century: from French carotide or modern Latin carotides, from Greek karōtides, plural of karōtis ‘drowsiness’, from karoun ‘stupefy’ (because compression of these arteries was thought to cause stupor).


word: CAROUSE
russian_word: кутить
example: they danced and caroused until the drink ran out
definition: drink alcohol and enjoy oneself with others in a noisy, lively way.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kəˈraʊz
phonetics_text: kəˈraʊz
synonyms:
drink and make merry|go on a drinking bout|go on a binge|binge|binge-drink|overindulge|drink heavily/freely|go on a pub crawl|bar-hop|go on a spree|have a party|revel|celebrate|feast|enjoy oneself|have a good time|roister|eat|drink|and be merry|frolic|romp|booze|go boozing|go on a bender|paint the town red|bend one's elbow|party|rave|have a ball|raise hell|make whoopee|live it up|whoop it up|have a fling|go on the bevvy|wassail

origin:
mid 16th century: originally as an adverb meaning ‘right out, completely’ in the phrase drink carouse, from German gar aus trinken ; hence ‘drink heavily, have a drinking bout’.


word: CARP
russian_word: карп
origin: late Middle English: from Old French carpe, from late Latin carpa .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːp
phonetics_text: kɑːp
definition:
a deep-bodied freshwater fish, typically with barbels around the mouth. Carp are farmed for food in some parts of the world and are often kept in large ponds.


word: CARPACCIO
russian_word: карпаччо
definition: an Italian hors d'oeuvre consisting of thin slices of raw beef or fish served with a sauce.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːˈpatʃɪəʊ
phonetics_text: kɑːˈpatʃɪəʊ|Italian karˈpattʃo
origin:
Italian, named after Vittore Carpaccio (see Carpaccio, Vittore) (from his use of red pigments, resembling raw meat).


word: CARPAL
russian_word: кистевой
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːp(ə)l
definition:
relating to the bones forming the human carpus (wrist), or to their equivalent in an animal's forelimb.


word: CARPEL
russian_word: плодолистик
origin: mid 19th century: from French carpelle or modern Latin carpellum, from Greek karpos ‘fruit’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːp(ə)l
definition:
the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. It may occur singly or as one of a group.


word: CARPENTER
russian_word: плотник
definition: a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and structures.
synonyms: woodworker|joiner|cabinetmaker|wright|chippy|Chips
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɑːp(ə)ntə
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːp(ə)ntə
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from Old French carpentier, charpentier, from late Latin carpentarius (artifex) ‘carriage (maker)’, from carpentum ‘wagon’, of Gaulish origin; related to car.


word: CARPENTRY
russian_word: плотничные работы
example: carpentry skills
definition: the activity or occupation of making or repairing things in wood.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːp(ə)ntri
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːp(ə)ntri
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French carpentrie, Old French charpenterie, from charpentier (see carpenter).


word: CARPET
russian_word: ковер
example: the house has fitted carpets throughout
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɑːpɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːpɪt
definition:
a floor covering made from thick woven fabric.|a slender moth marked with undulating bands of colour across the wings.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a thick fabric used as a cover for a table or bed): from Old French carpite or medieval Latin carpita, from obsolete Italian carpita ‘woollen counterpane’, based on Latin carpere ‘pluck, pull to pieces’.


word: CARPOOL
russian_word: совместно пользоваться автомобилем
example: they organized carpools to deliver the kids to school
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɑːpuːl
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːpuːl
definition:
an arrangement between people to make a regular journey in a single vehicle, typically with each person taking turns to drive the others.


word: CARPUS
russian_word: запястье
origin: late Middle English: from modern Latin, from Greek karpos ‘wrist’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːpəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːpəs
definition:
the group of small bones between the main part of the forelimb and the metacarpus in terrestrial vertebrates. The eight bones of the human carpus form the wrist and part of the hand, and are arranged in two rows.


word: CARRACK
russian_word: каррак
definition: a large merchant ship of a kind operating in European waters from the 14th to the 17th century.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarək
phonetics_text: ˈkarək
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French caraque ; perhaps from Spanish carraca, from Arabic, perhaps from qarāqir, plural of qurqūra, a type of merchant ship.


word: CARRAGEEN
russian_word: жемчужный мох
origin: early 19th century: from Irish carraigín .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarəɡiːn
phonetics_text: ˈkarəɡiːn
definition:
an edible red shoreline seaweed with flattened branching fronds, found in both Eurasia and North America.


word: CARRAGEENAN
russian_word: каррагинан
origin: 1960s: from carrageen + -an.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkarəˈɡiːnən
phonetics_text: ˌkarəˈɡiːnən
definition:
a substance extracted from red and purple seaweeds, consisting of a mixture of polysaccharides. It is used as a thickening or emulsifying agent in food products.


word: CARRIAGE
russian_word: перевозка
synonyms: coach|car|saloon|bogie
origin: late Middle English: from Old Northern French cariage, from carier (see carry).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈkarɪdʒ
example:
the first-class carriages|the carriage of bikes on public transport|a typewriter carriage|her carriage was graceful, her movements quick and deft

definition:
any of the separate sections of a train that carry passengers.|the conveying of goods or passengers from one place to another.|a moving part of a machine that carries other parts into the required position.|a person's bearing or deportment.


word: CARRIAGEWAY
russian_word: проезжая часть
example: the eastbound carriageway of the M4
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarɪdʒweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkarɪdʒweɪ
definition:
each of the two sides of a dual carriageway or motorway, each of which usually have two or more lanes.


word: CARRIER
russian_word: перевозчик
synonyms: bearer|conveyor|transporter|porter|runner|courier|delivery man|delivery woman|haulier|carman
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkarɪə
example:
water carriers|the instruments can be sent by carrier|the badger is a carrier of bovine tuberculosis

definition:
a person or thing that carries, holds, or conveys something.|a person or company that undertakes the professional conveyance of goods or people.|a person or animal that transmits a disease-causing organism to others, especially without suffering from it themselves.|a substance used to support or convey another substance such as a pigment, catalyst, or radioactive material.


word: CARRIOLE
russian_word: одноколка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkarɪəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈkarɪəʊl
definition:
a small open horse-drawn carriage for one person.|(in Canada) a kind of sledge pulled by a horse or dogs.

origin:
mid 18th century: from French, from Italian carriuola, diminutive of carro, from Latin carrum (see car).


word: CARRY
russian_word: нести
antonyms: reject
synonyms: convey|transfer|move|take|bring|bear|shift|switch|fetch|transport|cart|lug|hump|schlep|tote
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkari
phonetics_text: ˈkari
example:
medics were carrying a wounded man on a stretcher|the bridge is capable of carrying even the heaviest loads|his voice carried clearly across the room|they must carry management responsibility for the mess they have got the company into|being a combat sport, karate carries with it the risk of injury|the resolution was carried by a two-to-one majority

definition:
support and move (someone or something) from one place to another.|support the weight of.|(of a sound, ball, missile, etc.) reach a specified point.|assume or accept (responsibility or blame).|have as a feature or consequence.|approve (a proposed measure) by a majority of votes.|transfer (a figure) to an adjacent column during an arithmetical operation (e.g. when a column of digit adds up to more than ten).

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old Northern French carier, based on Latin carrus ‘wheeled vehicle’.


word: CARRY AWAY
russian_word: увлекать
example: I got a bit carried away when describing the final game
definition: lose self-control.|(of a ship) lose a mast or other part through breakage.
synonyms:
lose self-control|get excited|get overexcited|go too far|lose one's sense of proportion|be swept off one's feet|flip|lose it


word: CARRY OFF
russian_word: похищать
example: bandits carried off his mule|she failed to carry off the gold medal
definition: take someone or something away by force.|win a prize.
synonyms:
win|secure|capture|gain|achieve|attain|earn|obtain|acquire|procure|get|collect|pick up|come away with|land|net|bag|bank|pot|scoop|walk off/away with


word: CARRY ON
russian_word: флиртовать
antonyms: stop
example:
she carried on watching the TV|they carry on in a very adult fashion|she was carrying on with young Adam

definition:
continue an activity or task.|behave in a particular way.|be engaged in a love affair, typically one of which the speaker disapproves.

synonyms:
continue|keep on|keep|keep at|go on|push on|press on|persist in|persevere in|not stop|maintain|stick with/at


word: CARRY OUT
russian_word: выполнять
example: we're carrying out a market research survey
definition: perform a task.
antonyms: break
synonyms:
conduct|perform|implement|execute|discharge|bring about|bring off|effect|effectuate|fulfil|carry through|honour|redeem|make good|keep|observe|abide by|comply with|obey|respect|conform to|stick to|act in accordance with|act according to|have regard to|heed|follow|pay attention to|defer to|take notice of|be bound by|keep faith with|stand by|adhere to


word: CARRY THROUGH
russian_word: доводить до конца
definition: put a plan or idea into effect.|bring something safely out of difficulties.
example:
policy blueprints are rarely carried through perfectly|he was the only person who could carry the country through


word: CART
russian_word: тележка
example: a horse and cart
synonyms: wagon|carriage|wain
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɑːt
phonetics_text: kɑːt
definition:
a strong open vehicle with two or four wheels, typically used for carrying loads and pulled by a horse.

origin:
Middle English: from Old Norse kartr, probably influenced by Anglo-Norman French and Old Northern French carete, diminutive of carre (see car).


word: CARTILAGINOUS
russian_word: хрящевой
definition: made of cartilage.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɑːtɪˈladʒɪnəs
phonetics_text: ˌkɑːtɪˈladʒɪnəs
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin cartilaginosus, from cartilago, cartilagin- ‘cartilage’.


word: CARTOGRAM
russian_word: картограмма
definition: a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːtəɡram
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːtəɡram
origin:
late 19th century: from French cartogramme, from carte ‘map or card’ + -gramme (from Greek gramma ‘thing written’).


word: CARTOON
russian_word: карикатура
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɑːˈtuːn
phonetics_text: kɑːˈtuːn
example:
the minister faced a welter of hostile headlines and mocking cartoons|we watched Yogi Bear cartoons on TV|the tapestries are based on a set of cartoons commissioned by Pope Leo XI

definition:
a simple drawing showing the features of its subjects in a humorously exaggerated way, especially a satirical one in a newspaper or magazine.|a film using animation techniques to photograph a sequence of drawings rather than real people or objects.|a full-size drawing made by an artist as a preliminary design for a painting or other work of art.

synonyms:
caricature|parody|lampoon|satire|travesty|distorted/exaggerated drawing|distortion|take-off|send-up|spoof|pasquinade

origin:
late 16th century (in cartoon (sense 3 of the noun)): from Italian cartone, from carta, from Latin carta, charta (see card1). cartoon (sense 1 of the noun) dates from the mid 19th century.


word: CARTOONISH
russian_word: мультяшным
example: colourful, cartoonish prints
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɑːˈtuːnɪʃ
phonetics_text: kɑːˈtuːnɪʃ
definition:
characteristic of or resembling a cartoon, especially in being unrealistically simplified and involving humorous exaggeration.


word: CARTRIDGE
russian_word: картридж
synonyms: cassette|magazine|cylinder|canister|container|capsule|case|pack|packet|package
origin: late 16th century: from French cartouche (feminine noun), from Italian cartoccio (see cartouche).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːtrɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːtrɪdʒ
definition:
a container holding a spool of photographic film, a quantity of ink, etc., designed for insertion into a mechanism.


word: CARVE
russian_word: резать
antonyms: erase
origin: Old English ceorfan ‘cut, carve’, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch kerven .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kɑːv
phonetics_text: kɑːv
example:
the wood was carved with runes|he stood carving the roast chicken|she has been busy carving a successful career as a singer

definition:
cut (a hard material) in order to produce an object, design, or inscription.|cut (cooked meat) into slices for eating.|establish (a career, role, or reputation) for oneself through hard work.|make (a turn) by tilting one's skis on to their edges and using one's weight to bend them so that they slide in an arc.

synonyms:
sculpt|sculpture|cut|chisel|hew|whittle|chip|hack|slash|form|shape|fashion|engrave|etch|notch|cut in|incise|score|print|mark


word: CARVE OUT
russian_word: вырубать
example:
the company hopes to carve out a greater share of the $20 bn market|he managed to carve out a successful photographic career for himself

definition:
take something from a larger whole, especially with effort or difficulty.|establish a career, role, or reputation for oneself through hard work.


word: CARVERY
russian_word: мясное
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːvəri
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːvəri
definition:
a buffet or restaurant where cooked joints are displayed and carved as required in front of customers.


word: CAR WASH
russian_word: мойка
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a building containing equipment for washing cars or other vehicles automatically.|an event, typically a fundraiser, in which cars or other vehicles are washed by hand.


word: CASCADE
russian_word: каскад
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kasˈkeɪd
phonetics_text: kasˈkeɪd
example:
the waterfall raced down in a series of cascades|the greater the number of people who are well briefed, the wider the cascade effect

definition:
a small waterfall, typically one of several that fall in stages down a steep rocky slope.|a process whereby something, typically information or knowledge, is successively passed on.

synonyms:
waterfall|falls|water chute|cataract|rapids|torrent|flood|deluge|outpouring|white water|fountain|shower|avalanche|force|linn

origin:
mid 17th century: from French, from Italian cascata, from cascare ‘to fall’, based on Latin casus (see case1).


word: CASCARA
russian_word: каскара
origin: late 19th century: from Spanish cáscara (sagrada), literally ‘(sacred) bark’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kasˈkɑːrə
phonetics_text: kasˈkɑːrə
definition:
a purgative made from the dried bark of an American buckthorn.|the tree from which cascara is obtained, native to western North America.


word: CASE
russian_word: дело
example: a case of mistaken identity|200,000 cases of hepatitis B|a libel case|the accusative case
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: keɪs
phonetics_text: keɪs
definition:
an instance of a particular situation; an example of something occurring.|an instance of a disease, injury, or problem.|a legal action, especially one to be decided in a court of law.|any of the forms of a noun, adjective, or pronoun that express the semantic relation of the word to other words in the sentence.

synonyms:
instance|occurrence|occasion|manifestation|demonstration|exhibition|exposition|expression|example|illustration|specimen|sample|exemplification|type|prototype

origin:
Middle English: from Old French cas, from Latin casus ‘fall’, related to cadere ‘to fall’; in case1 (sense 4) directly from Latin, translating Greek ptōsis, literally ‘fall’.


word: CASEIN
russian_word: казеин
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin caseus ‘cheese’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪsiːn
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪsiːn|ˈkeɪsɪɪn
definition:
the main protein present in milk and (in coagulated form) in cheese. It is used in processed foods and in adhesives, paints, and other industrial products.


word: CASEMATE
russian_word: каземат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪsmeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪsmeɪt
definition:
a small room in the wall of a fortress, with openings from which guns or missiles could be fired.|an armoured enclosure for guns on a warship.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, from Italian casamatta, perhaps from Greek khasma, khasmat- (see chasm).


word: CASERN
russian_word: казарма
definition: a small, temporary building for housing a garrison of troops.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈzəːn
phonetics_text: kəˈzəːn
origin:
late 17th century: from French caserne, from Provençal cazerna, from Latin quaterna ‘(hut) for four’.


word: CASH
russian_word: наличные
example: the staff were paid in cash
definition: money in coins or notes, as distinct from cheques, money orders, or credit.
antonyms: cheque|credit
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kaʃ
phonetics_text: kaʃ
synonyms:
money|ready money/cash|currency|legal tender|hard cash|notes|bank notes|coins|coinage|coin|coin of the realm|change|silver|copper|bills|dough|bread|loot|shekels|moolah|wad|boodle|dibs|gelt|ducats|rhino|gravy|dosh|brass|lolly|spondulicks|wonga|ackers|the ready|readies|greenbacks|dinero|simoleons|bucks|jack|mazuma|Oscar|splosh|green|tin|l.s.d.|kale|rocks|shinplasters|specie

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a box for money): from Old French casse or Italian cassa ‘box’, from Latin capsa (see case2).


word: CASHEW
russian_word: орех кешью
origin: late 16th century: from Portuguese, from Tupi acajú, cajú .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaʃuː
phonetics_text: ˈkaʃuː|kəˈʃuː
definition:
an edible kidney-shaped nut, rich in oil and protein, which is roasted and shelled before it can be eaten. Oil extracted from the shells is used as a lubricant, in the production of plastics, etc.|a bushy tropical American tree related to the mango, bearing cashew nuts singly at the tip of each swollen fruit.


word: CASHIER
russian_word: кассир
definition: a person handling payments and receipts in a shop, bank, or business.
origin: late 16th century: from Dutch cassier or French caissier, from caisse ‘cash’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kaˈʃɪə
phonetics_text: kaˈʃɪə|kəˈʃɪə
synonyms:
clerk|bank clerk|teller|bank teller|banker|treasurer|bursar|purser|accountant|bookkeeper|controller|money man


word: CASHLESS
russian_word: безналичный
example: the age of the cashless society
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkaʃləs
phonetics_text: ˈkaʃləs
definition:
characterized by the exchange of funds by cheque, debit or credit card, or electronic methods rather than the use of cash.


word: CASHPOINT
russian_word: банкомат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaʃpɔɪnt
phonetics_text: ˈkaʃpɔɪnt
definition:
a machine that dispenses cash or performs other banking services when an account holder inserts a bank card; a cash machine.


word: CASING
russian_word: кожух
example: a waterproof casing
definition: a cover or shell that protects or encloses something.|the frame round a door or window.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪsɪŋ
synonyms:
cover|case|shell|envelope|sheath|sheathing|wrapper|wrapping|sleeve|jacket|housing|capsule|folder|integument


word: CASK
russian_word: бочка
example: the wine is stored in oak casks
synonyms: barrel|keg|butt|tun|vat|drum|tank|vessel|hogshead|firkin|kilderkin|pipe|pin|puncheon|tierce
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːsk
phonetics_text: kɑːsk
definition:
a large container like a barrel, made of wood, metal or plastic and used for storing liquids, typically alcoholic drinks.

origin:
early 16th century: from French casque or Spanish casco ‘helmet’. The current senses appear only in English; from the late 16th to the late 18th centuries the word also denoted a helmet (compare with casque).


word: CASKET
russian_word: шкатулка
example: a small brass casket containing four black opals
definition: a small ornamental box or chest for holding jewels, letters, or other valued objects.
synonyms: box|chest|case|container|receptacle|coffer|trunk|crate|pyxis
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːskɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːskɪt
origin:
late Middle English: perhaps an Anglo-Norman French form of Old French cassette, diminutive of casse (see case2).


word: CASQUE
russian_word: шлем
origin: late 17th century: from French, from Spanish casco . Compare with cask.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːsk
phonetics_text: kɑːsk
definition:
a helmet.|a structure resembling a helmet, such as that on the bill of a hornbill or the head of a cassowary.


word: CASSATION
russian_word: кассация
origin: late 19th century: from German Kassation ‘serenade’, from Italian cassazione .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈseɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈseɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
an informal instrumental composition of the 18th century, similar to a divertimento and often performed outdoors.


word: CASSAVA
russian_word: маниока
origin: mid 16th century: from Taino casávi, cazábbi, influenced by French cassave .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈsɑːvə
phonetics_text: kəˈsɑːvə
definition:
the starchy tuberous root of a tropical tree, used as food in tropical countries.|the shrubby tree from which cassava is obtained, native to tropical America and cultivated throughout the tropics.


word: CASSIA
russian_word: кассия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkasɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkasɪə
definition:
a tree, shrub, or herbaceous plant of the pea family, native to warm climates. Cassias yield a variety of products, including fodder, timber, and medicinal drugs (such as senna), and many are cultivated as ornamentals.|the aromatic bark of an East Asian tree, yielding an inferior kind of cinnamon which is sometimes used to adulterate true cinnamon.

origin:
Old English (in cassia (sense 2)), from Latin, probably denoting the wild cinnamon, via Greek from Hebrew qĕṣī‘āh .


word: CASSOULET
russian_word: мясное ассорти
definition: a French stew made with meat (typically pork, goose, and duck) and beans.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkasʊleɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkasʊleɪ
origin:
French, diminutive of dialect cassolo ‘stew pan’, from Old Provençal cassa ‘pan’; related to casserole.


word: CASSOWARY
russian_word: казуар
origin: early 17th century: from Malay kesuari .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkasəwəri
phonetics_text: ˈkasəwəri|ˈkasəwɛːri
definition:
a very large flightless bird related to the emu, with a bare head and neck, a tall horny crest, and one or two coloured wattles. It is native mainly to the forests of New Guinea.


word: CAST
russian_word: литье
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse kasta ‘to cast or throw’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kɑːst
phonetics_text: kɑːst
example:
the moon cast a pale light over the cottages|votes have been cast in 40 per cent of the seats|he cast the book down on to the chair angrily|when hammered or cast, bronze could be made into tools|the witch cast a spell on her to turn her into a beast|the antlers are cast each year|you can look at the star chart cast at somebody's birth|cross the set and cast down one place|the dog cast furiously for the vanished rabbit

definition:
cause (light or shadow) to appear on a surface.|register (a vote).|throw the hooked and baited end of (a fishing line) out into the water.|throw (something) forcefully in a specified direction.|shape (metal or other material) by pouring it into a mould while molten.|cause (a magic spell) to take effect.|shed (skin or horns) in the process of growth.|calculate and record details of (a horoscope).|(in country dancing) change one's position by moving a certain number of places in a certain direction along the outside of the line in which one is dancing.|(of a dog) search in different directions for a lost scent.|immobilize (an animal, especially a cow) by using a rope to cause it to fall on its side.

synonyms:
emit|give off|send out|send forth|shed|radiate|diffuse|spread out|form|create|make|produce|cause|project|throw


word: CASTANETS
russian_word: кастаньеты
origin: early 17th century: from Spanish castañeta, diminutive of castaña, from Latin castanea ‘chestnut’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkastəˈnɛts
phonetics_text: ˌkastəˈnɛts
definition:
small concave pieces of wood, ivory, or plastic, joined in pairs by a cord and clicked together by the fingers as a rhythmic accompaniment to Spanish dancing.


word: CAST DOWN
russian_word: перевертывать
example: she was greatly cast down by abusive criticism of her novels
definition: feel depressed.
synonyms:
depressed|downcast|unhappy|sad|miserable|gloomy|down|low|blue|melancholy|doleful|mournful|dejected|dispirited|discouraged|disheartened|downhearted|demoralized|daunted|dismayed|desolate|disconsolate|crestfallen|crushed|sapped|shaken|undermined|despondent|weighed down|oppressed|wretched


word: CASTE
russian_word: каста
example: members of the lower castes
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɑːst
phonetics_text: kɑːst
definition:
each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status.

synonyms:
class|social class|order|social order|social division|grade|grading|group|grouping|station|stratum|echelon|rank|level|degree|set|place|standing|position|status|varna|estate|sphere

origin:
mid 16th century (in the general sense ‘race, breed’): from Spanish and Portuguese casta ‘lineage, race, breed’, feminine of casto ‘pure, unmixed’, from Latin castus ‘chaste’.


word: CASTELLAN
russian_word: кастелян
definition: the governor of a castle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkastələn
phonetics_text: ˈkastələn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old Northern French castelain, from medieval Latin castellanus, from Latin castellum (see castle).


word: CASTELLATIONS
russian_word: зубцы
example: castellations and turrets added to the charm
definition: defensive or decorative parapets with regularly spaced notches; battlements.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkastəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz
phonetics_text: ˌkastəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz
origin:
early 19th century: based on medieval Latin castellare ‘to build castles’, from castellum (see castle).


word: CASTIGATE
russian_word: бичевать
example: he was castigated for not setting a good example
definition: reprimand (someone) severely.
antonyms: praise|commend
origin: early 17th century: from Latin castigare ‘reprove’, from castus ‘pure, chaste’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkastɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkastɪɡeɪt
synonyms:
reprimand|rebuke|admonish|chastise|chide|upbraid|reprove|reproach|scold|remonstrate with|berate|take to task|pull up|lambast|read someone the Riot Act|haul over the coals|lecture|criticize|censure|punish|discipline|chasten|tell off|give someone a telling-off|give someone a talking-to|give someone an earful|dress down|give someone a dressing-down|give someone a roasting|give someone a rocket|give someone a rollicking|rap|rap someone the knuckles|slap someone's wrist|let someone have it|bawl out|give someone hell|come down on|blow up at|pitch into|lay into|lace into|give someone a caning|put on the mat|slap down|blast|rag|keelhaul|tick off|have a go at|carpet|monster|give someone a mouthful|tear someone off a strip|give someone what for|give someone some stick|wig|give someone a wigging|give someone a row|row|chew out|ream out|call down|rate|give someone a rating|trim|reprehend|objurgate|bollock|give someone a bollocking|tear someone a new arsehole|rip someone a new arsehole|chew someone's ass|ream someone's ass|tear someone a new asshole|rip someone a new asshole


word: CASTLE
russian_word: замок
example: Edinburgh Castle
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɑːs(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːs(ə)l
definition:
a large building, typically of the medieval period, fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat.

synonyms:
fortress|fort|stronghold|fortification|keep|citadel|fastness|tower|peel|palace|chateau|donjon|alcazar

origin:
late Old English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old Northern French castel, from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum ‘fort’.


word: CAST OFF
russian_word: заканчивать работу
example:
I cast off my clothes, crawled into bed and fell asleep|when the piece of knitting is long enough, cast off|the boatmen cast off and rowed downriver|the king cast off his hawk at the antelope|casting off the manuscript requires a careful examination of the copy itself

definition:
discard something unwanted or undesirable.|take the stitches off the needle by looping each over the next to finish the edge.|set a boat or ship free from her moorings.|let loose a hunting hound or hawk.|estimate the space that will be taken in print by manuscript copy.


word: CASTOR
russian_word: ролик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɑːstə
phonetics_text: ˈkɑːstə
definition:
each of a set of small swivelling wheels fixed to the legs or base of a heavy piece of furniture so that it can be moved easily.|a small container with holes in the top, especially one used for sprinkling sugar or pepper.

origin:
late 17th century (in castor1 (sense 2 of the noun)): originally a variant of caster, in the general sense ‘something that casts’.


word: CASTRATE
russian_word: кастрировать
definition: remove the testicles of (a male animal or man).
origin: mid 16th century (earlier (Middle English) as castration ): from Latin castrare .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kaˈstreɪt
phonetics_text: kaˈstreɪt|ˈkastreɪt
synonyms:
neuter|geld|cut|emasculate|desex|sterilize|unman|remove the testicles of|alter|doctor|fix|evirate|caponize|eunuchize


word: CASTRATO
russian_word: кастрат
origin: mid 18th century: from Italian, past participle of castrare (see castrate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kaˈstrɑːtəʊ
phonetics_text: kaˈstrɑːtəʊ
definition:
a male singer castrated in boyhood so as to retain a soprano or alto voice. The practice of castration was banned in 1903.


word: CASUAL
russian_word: случайный
example: a casual attitude to life|he pretended it was a casual meeting|a casual short-sleeved shirt
antonyms: formal
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkaʒjʊəl
phonetics_text: ˈkaʒjʊəl
definition:
relaxed and unconcerned.|not regular or permanent.|happening by chance; accidental.|without formality of style or manner, in particular (of clothing) suitable for everyday wear rather than formal occasions.

synonyms:
relaxed|friendly|natural|informal|unceremonious|unpretentious|easy-going|free and easy|uninhibited|open|laid-back

origin:
late Middle English (in casual (sense 2 of the adjective, sense 3 of the adjective)): from Old French casuel and Latin casualis, from casus ‘fall’ (compare with case1).


word: CASUALIZATION
russian_word: казуализация
example: casualization has left millions of workers in constant fear for their jobs
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkaʒjʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkaʒjʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the transformation of a workforce from one employed chiefly on permanent contracts to one engaged on a short-term or casual basis.


word: CASUALIZE
russian_word: переводить на непостоянную работу
example: the management has consistently casualized staff
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkaʒʊəlʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkaʒʊəlʌɪz
definition:
transform (a workforce) from one employed chiefly on permanent contracts to one engaged on a short-term or casual basis.


word: CASUALTY
russian_word: несчастный случай
example: the shelling caused thousands of civilian casualties
definition: a person killed or injured in a war or accident.
synonyms: victim|fatality|mortality|loss|MIA|dead and injured/wounded|missing in action|missing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaʒjʊəlti
phonetics_text: ˈkaʒjʊəlti
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘chance, a chance occurrence’): from medieval Latin casualitas, from casualis (see casual), on the pattern of words such as penalty .


word: CASUARINA
russian_word: казуарина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkasjʊəˈriːnə
phonetics_text: ˌkasjʊəˈriːnə
definition:
a tree with slender, jointed, drooping twigs that resemble horsetails and bear tiny scale-like leaves. It is native to Australia and SE Asia, and is a valuable source of timber and firewood.

origin:
from modern Latin casuarius ‘cassowary’ (from the resemblance of the branches to the bird's feathers).


word: CASUISTRY
russian_word: казуистика
example: the minister is engaging in nothing more or less than casuistry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkazjʊɪstri
phonetics_text: ˈkazjʊɪstri|ˈkaʒjʊɪstri
definition:
the use of clever but unsound reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions; sophistry.|the resolving of moral problems by the application of theoretical rules.

synonyms:
sophistry|specious reasoning|speciousness|sophism|chicanery|quibbling|equivocation|fallaciousness|fudging


word: CAT
russian_word: кошка
example: this West Coast cat had managed him since the early 80s
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kat
phonetics_text: kat
definition:
a small domesticated carnivorous mammal with soft fur, a short snout, and retractable claws. It is widely kept as a pet or for catching mice, and many breeds have been developed.|(especially among jazz enthusiasts) a man.|a short tapered stick used in the game of tipcat.

synonyms:
feline|pussycat|pussy|puss|kitty|kitty cat|kitten|Tiddles|Tibbles|tom|tomcat|tabby|ginger|tortoiseshell|marmalade cat|mouser|house cat|wild cat|alley cat|moggie|mog|fur baby|fur kid|grimalkin

origin:
Old English catt, catte, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kat and German Katze ; reinforced in Middle English by forms from late Latin cattus .


word: CATABOLIZE
russian_word: катаболизировать
example: when starvation is present, the body will catabolize its own muscle protein
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈtabəlʌɪz
phonetics_text: kəˈtabəlʌɪz
definition:
(of a living organism) process (a substance) by the breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy.


word: CATACLYSM
russian_word: катаклизм
example: the cataclysm at the end of the Cretaceous Period
definition: a large-scale and violent event in the natural world.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatəˌklɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkatəˌklɪz(ə)m
origin:
early 17th century (originally denoting the biblical Flood described in Genesis): from French cataclysme, via Latin from Greek kataklusmos ‘deluge’, from kata- ‘down’ + kluzein ‘to wash’.


word: CATADIOPTRIC
russian_word: катадиоптрический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkatədʌɪˈɒptrɪk
phonetics_text: ˌkatədʌɪˈɒptrɪk
definition:
denoting an optical system which involves both the reflecting and refracting of light, in order to reduce aberration.


word: CATALECTIC
russian_word: каталектической
definition: (of a metrical line of verse) lacking one syllable in the last foot.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌkatəˈlɛktɪk
phonetics_text: ˌkatəˈlɛktɪk
origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin catalecticus, from Greek katalēktikos, from katalēgein ‘leave off’.


word: CATALOGUE
russian_word: каталог
definition: a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or other systematic order.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkat(ə)lɒɡ
phonetics_text: ˈkat(ə)lɒɡ
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin catalogus, from Greek katalogos, from katalegein ‘pick out or enrol’.


word: CATALOGUER
russian_word: каталогизатор
example: an email automatically notified the cataloguer that a document was ready for processing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkat(ə)lɒɡə
phonetics_text: ˈkat(ə)lɒɡə
definition:
a person who compiles systematic lists of items, in particular resources or works within a collection.


word: CATALPA
russian_word: катальпа
origin: from Creek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈtalpə
phonetics_text: kəˈtalpə
definition:
a tree with large heart-shaped leaves, clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers, and long, slender seed pods, native to North America and eastern Asia and cultivated as an ornamental.


word: CATALYSIS
russian_word: катализ
definition: the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈtalɪsɪs
phonetics_text: kəˈtalɪsɪs
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin, from Greek katalusis, from kataluein ‘dissolve’, from kata- ‘down’ + luein ‘loosen’.


word: CATALYST
russian_word: катализатор
example: chlorine acts as a catalyst promoting the breakdown of ozone
origin: early 20th century: from catalysis, on the pattern of analyst .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkat(ə)lɪst
phonetics_text: ˈkat(ə)lɪst
definition:
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.


word: CATAPLEXY
russian_word: катаплексия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatəˌplɛksi
phonetics_text: ˈkatəˌplɛksi
definition:
a medical condition in which strong emotion or laughter causes a person to suffer sudden physical collapse though remaining conscious.

origin:
late 19th century: from Greek kataplēxis ‘stupefaction’, from kataplessein, from kata- ‘down’ + plēssein ‘strike’.


word: CATAPULT
russian_word: катапульта
synonyms: sling|slingshot|shanghai
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkatəpʌlt
phonetics_text: ˈkatəpʌlt
definition:
a forked stick with an elastic band fastened to the two prongs, used by children for shooting small stones.

origin:
late 16th century: from French catapulte or Latin catapulta, from Greek katapeltēs, from kata- ‘down’ + pallein ‘hurl’.


word: CATARACT
russian_word: катаракта
example: she had cataracts in both eyes|the river descends in a succession of spectacular cataracts
synonyms: opacity|opaqueness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatərakt
phonetics_text: ˈkatərakt
definition:
a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision.|a large waterfall.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘floodgate’): from Latin cataracta ‘waterfall, floodgate’, also ‘portcullis’ (medical cataract (sense 1) probably being a figurative use of this), from Greek kataraktēs ‘down-rushing’, from katarassein, from kata- ‘down’ + arassein ‘strike, smash’.


word: CATARRHINE
russian_word: узконосых
origin: mid 19th century: from cata- ‘down’ + Greek rhis, rhin- ‘nose’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkatərʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkatərʌɪn
definition:
relating to primates of a group that comprises the Old World monkeys, gibbons, great apes, and humans. They are distinguished by having nostrils that are close together and directed downwards, and do not have a prehensile tail.


word: CATASTROPHE
russian_word: катастрофа
example: an environmental catastrophe
antonyms: salvation|godsend
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈtastrəfi
phonetics_text: kəˈtastrəfi
definition:
an event causing great and usually sudden damage or suffering; a disaster.|the denouement of a drama, especially a classical tragedy.

synonyms:
disaster|calamity|cataclysm|crisis|holocaust|ruin|ruination|tragedy|blow|shock|adversity|blight|trouble|trial|tribulation|mishap|misfortune|mischance|misadventure|accident|failure|reverse|woe|affliction|distress|meltdown|whammy|car crash|bale|mishanter

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘denouement’): from Latin catastropha, from Greek katastrophē ‘overturning, sudden turn’, from kata- ‘down’ + strophē ‘turning’ (from strephein ‘to turn’).


word: CATASTROPHISM
russian_word: катастрофизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈtastrəfɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: kəˈtastrəfɪz(ə)m
definition:
the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events.


word: CATBIRD
russian_word: дрозд
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatbəːd
phonetics_text: ˈkatbəːd
definition:
a long-tailed American songbird of the mockingbird family, with mainly dark grey or black plumage and catlike mewing calls.|a thickset Australasian bird of the bowerbird family, having a loud call like a yowling cat.


word: CATBOAT
russian_word: кэт
definition: a sailing boat with a single mast placed well forward and carrying only one sail.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatbəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈkatbəʊt
origin:
mid 19th century: perhaps from cat  (denoting a type of merchant ship formerly used in the coal and timber trades in NE England) + boat.


word: CATCALL
russian_word: освистывать
example: he walked out to jeers and catcalls
definition: a shrill whistle or shout of disapproval made at a public meeting or performance.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkatkɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈkatkɔːl
synonyms:
whistle|boo|hiss|jeer|raspberry|hoot|brickbat|taunt|shout of derision|wolf whistle|scoffing|abuse|teasing|taunting|derision|ridiculing|mockery|the bird

origin:
mid 17th century: from cat1 + call, originally denoting a kind of whistle or squeaking instrument used to express disapproval at a theatre.


word: CATCH
russian_word: улов
antonyms: drop
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: katʃ
phonetics_text: katʃ
example:
she threw the bottle into the air and caught it again|we hadn't caught a single rabbit|a button caught in her hair|they caught the 12.15 from Oxford|it was the business scheme that had caught his imagination|Ben caught him on the chin with an uppercut|he served in Macedonia, where he caught malaria|the rafters have caught

definition:
intercept and hold (something which has been thrown, propelled, or dropped).|capture (a person or animal that tries or would try to escape).|(of an object) accidentally become entangled or trapped in something.|reach in time and board (a train, bus, or aircraft).|engage (a person's interest or imagination).|strike (someone) on a part of the body.|contract (an illness) through infection or contagion.|become ignited and start burning.

synonyms:
seize|grab|snatch|seize/grab/take hold of|lay (one's) hands on|get one's hands on|grasp|grip|clutch|clench|fasten on|pluck|hold|hang on to|receive|acquire|get|come into possession of|intercept

origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘chase’): from Anglo-Norman French and Old Northern French cachier, variant of Old French chacier, based on Latin captare ‘try to catch’, from capere ‘take’.


word: CATCHMENT
russian_word: дренаж
example: water catchment continues the whole year round
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatʃm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkatʃm(ə)nt
definition:
the action of collecting water, especially the collection of rainfall over a natural drainage area.|a catchment area.


word: CATCHMENT AREA
russian_word: бассейн
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatʃmənt ˌɛːrɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkatʃmənt ˌɛːrɪə
example:
she lives outside the school's catchment area|the reservoir and its catchment area of heather moorland

definition:
the area from which a hospital's patients or school's pupils are drawn.|the area from which rainfall flows into a river, lake, or reservoir.


word: CATCH SIGHT OF
russian_word: заметить
example: when she caught sight of him she smiled
definition: glimpse for a moment; suddenly notice.
synonyms:
glimpse|catch/get a glimpse of|see|spot|spy|notice|observe|make out|discern|pick out|sight|detect|have sight of|clap/lay/set eyes on|espy|behold|descry


word: CATCH UP
russian_word: поднять
synonyms: draw level|get to|come to|reach|gain on|gain
example:
he stopped and waited for Lily to catch up|it's always good to catch up with old friends|he had no desire to be caught up in political activities|she caught up her jacket and bag and walked to the door

definition:
succeed in reaching a person who is ahead of one.|talk to someone whom one has not seen for some time in order to find out what they have been doing.|be involved in something that one had not intended to become involved in.|pick something up hurriedly.


word: CATCHWORD
russian_word: лозунг
example: ‘motivation’ is a great catchword
synonyms: motto|watchword|slogan|byword|catchphrase|formula|refrain|maxim|axiom|mantra|shibboleth|buzzword
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatʃwəːd
phonetics_text: ˈkatʃwəːd
definition:
a popular word or phrase encapsulating a particular concept.|a word printed or placed so as to attract attention.


word: CATCHY
russian_word: легко запоминающийся
example: catchy pop melodies
definition: (of a tune or phrase) instantly appealing and memorable.
antonyms: forgettable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkatʃi
phonetics_text: ˈkatʃi
synonyms:
memorable|unforgettable|appealing|captivating|snappy|with instant appeal|popular|singable|melodious|melodic|tuneful


word: CATE
russian_word: кате
definition: a choice food; a delicacy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: keɪt
phonetics_text: keɪt
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘selling, a bargain’): from obsolete acate ‘purchasing, things purchased’, from Old French acat, achat, from acater, achater ‘buy’, based on Latin captare ‘seize’, from capere ‘take’.


word: CATECHETICAL
russian_word: катехизации
definition: relating to religious instruction given in preparation for Christian baptism or confirmation.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkatɪˈkɛtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌkatɪˈkɛtɪk(ə)l
origin:
early 17th century: from ecclesiastical Greek katēkhētikos, from katēkhētēs ‘catechist’, from katēkhein ‘instruct orally’ (see catechize).


word: CATECHIST
russian_word: законоучитель
definition: a teacher of the principles of Christian religion, especially one using a catechism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatɪkɪst
phonetics_text: ˈkatɪkɪst
origin:
mid 16th century: via ecclesiastical Latin from ecclesiastical Greek katēkhistēs, from katēkhein ‘instruct orally’.


word: CATECHIZE
russian_word: допрашивать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkatɪkʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkatɪkʌɪz
definition:
instruct (someone) in the principles of Christian religion by means of question and answer, typically by using a catechism.

origin:
late Middle English: via late Latin from ecclesiastical Greek katēkhizein, from katēkhein ‘instruct orally, make hear’.


word: CATECHOLAMINE
russian_word: катехоламинов
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkatɪˈkəʊləmiːn
phonetics_text: ˌkatɪˈkəʊləmiːn
definition:
any of a class of aromatic amines which includes a number of neurotransmitters such as adrenaline and dopamine.


word: CATECHU
russian_word: дубильный экстракт
origin: late 17th century: modern Latin, from Malay kacu . Compare with cachou.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatɪtʃuː
phonetics_text: ˈkatɪtʃuː
definition:
a vegetable extract containing tannin, especially one obtained from the heartwood of an Indian acacia tree, used for tanning and dyeing.


word: CATEGORICAL
russian_word: категорический
example: a categorical assurance
definition: unambiguously explicit and direct.
antonyms: qualified|equivocal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: katəˈɡɒrɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: katəˈɡɒrɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
unqualified|unconditional|unequivocal|unreserved|absolute|explicit|unambiguous|definite|certain|direct|downright|outright|complete|thorough|thoroughgoing|total|emphatic|positive|express|point-blank|wholehearted|conclusive|undiluted|unalloyed|unadulterated|unstinting|without reservations|out-and-out|one hundred per cent|apodictic

origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin categoricus (from Greek katēgorikos, from katēgoria ‘statement’: see category) + -al.


word: CATEGORIZE
russian_word: классифицировать
example: silk is categorized as a luxury import
definition: place in a particular class or group.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkatəɡərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkatəɡərʌɪz
synonyms:
classify|class|group|grade|rate|designate|label|tag|brand|order|arrange|sort|rank|type|break down|file|catalogue|list|tabulate|index|assign|pigeonhole


word: CATEGORY
russian_word: категория
example: the various categories of research
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatəɡ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈkatəɡ(ə)ri
definition:
a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics.|each of a possibly exhaustive set of classes among which all things might be distributed.

synonyms:
class|classification|categorization|group|grouping|bracket|head|heading|list|listing|set|type|sort|kind|variety|species|genre|breed|style|brand|make|model|family|stamp|cast|ilk|kidney|grade|grading|order|rank|status|division|section|department|compartment|pigeonhole

origin:
late Middle English (in category (sense 2)): from French catégorie or late Latin categoria, from Greek katēgoria ‘statement, accusation’, from katēgoros ‘accuser’.


word: CATENATED
russian_word: сцеплять
example: catenated molecules
definition: connected in a chain or series.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkatɪneɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkatɪneɪtɪd
origin:
late 19th century: past participle of the rare verb catenate, from Latin catenat- ‘chained, fettered’, from the verb catenare, from catena ‘chain’.


word: CATER FOR
russian_word: обслуживать
example: a seaside resort catering for older holidaymakers|the scheme caters for interest rate fluctuations
definition:
provide someone with what is needed or required.|take something into account; make allowances for something.

synonyms:
serve|provide for|oblige|meet the needs/wants of|accommodate|entertain|receive|deal with|handle|see to|look after|care for


word: CATERWAUL
russian_word: кошачий концерт
example: he seems to think that singing soulfully is to whine and caterwaul tunelessly
definition: make a shrill howling or wailing noise like that of a cat.
origin: late Middle English: from cat1 + imitative waul.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkatəwɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈkatəwɔːl
synonyms:
howl|wail|bawl|cry|yell|scream|screech|yelp|yowl|squall|whine|meow|ululate|howling|wailing|screeching|shriek|shrieking|screaming|bawling|crying|yelling|yelping|yowling|squalling|whining|ululating|meowing


word: CATFISH
russian_word: сом
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkatfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈkatfɪʃ
definition:
a freshwater or marine fish with barbels resembling whiskers round the mouth, typically bottom-dwelling.|another term for wolf fish.


word: CATGUT
russian_word: кетгут
origin: late 16th century: the association with cat1 remains unexplained.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatɡʌt
phonetics_text: ˈkatɡʌt
definition:
a material used for the strings of some musical instruments, made of the dried twisted intestines of sheep or horses (but not cats).


word: CATHARSIS
russian_word: катарсис
example: music is a means of catharsis for them
antonyms: repression
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈθɑːsɪs
phonetics_text: kəˈθɑːsɪs
definition:
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.|purgation.

synonyms:
purging|purgation|purification|cleansing|release|relief|emotional release|freeing|deliverance|exorcism|ridding|abreaction|depuration|lustration

origin:
early 19th century (in catharsis (sense 2)): from Greek katharsis, from kathairein ‘cleanse’, from katharos ‘pure’. The notion of ‘release’ through drama (catharsis (sense 1)) derives from Aristotle's Poetics .


word: CATHARTIC
russian_word: слабительное
example: crying is a cathartic release
antonyms: repressive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəˈθɑːtɪk
phonetics_text: kəˈθɑːtɪk
definition:
providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions; causing catharsis.|purgative.

synonyms:
purgative|purging|purifying|cleansing|cleaning|releasing|relieving|freeing|delivering|exorcising|ridding|abreactive|depurative|lustral

origin:
early 17th century (in medical use): via late Latin from Greek kathartikos, from katharsis ‘cleansing’ (see catharsis).


word: CATHEAD
russian_word: кран-балка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkathɛd
phonetics_text: ˈkathɛd
definition:
a horizontal beam extending from each side of a ship's bow, used for raising and carrying an anchor.


word: CATHETER
russian_word: катетер
example: a urinary catheter
origin: early 17th century: from late Latin, from Greek kathetēr, from kathienai ‘send or let down’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaθətə
phonetics_text: ˈkaθətə
definition:
a flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening into a body cavity, particularly the bladder, for removing fluid.


word: CATHETOMETER
russian_word: катетометра
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkaθɪˈtɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌkaθɪˈtɒmɪtə
definition:
a telescope mounted on a graduated scale, used for accurate measurement of small vertical distances.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin cathetus (from Greek kathetos ‘perpendicular line’, from kathienai ‘send or let down’) + -meter.


word: CATHEXIS
russian_word: катексис
origin: 1920s: from Greek kathexis ‘retention’, translating German Libidobesetzung, coined by Freud.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈθɛksɪs
phonetics_text: kəˈθɛksɪs
definition:
the concentration of mental energy on one particular person, idea, or object (especially to an unhealthy degree).


word: CATHOLIC
russian_word: католик
example: her tastes are pretty catholic
definition: including a wide variety of things; all-embracing.
antonyms: limited|narrow
origin: late Middle English : from Catholic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkaθ(ə)lɪk
phonetics_text: ˈkaθ(ə)lɪk
synonyms:
diverse|diversified|wide|broad|broad-based|eclectic|indiscriminate|open-minded|broad-minded|liberal|tolerant|undogmatic|flexible|unbigoted|unprejudiced|unsectarian|ecumenical|general|universal|widespread|global|worldwide|comprehensive|all-encompassing all-embracing|all-inclusive|unlimited


word: CATNIP
russian_word: кошачья мята
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatnɪp
phonetics_text: ˈkatnɪp
definition:
a plant of the mint family, with downy leaves, purple-spotted white flowers, and a pungent smell attractive to cats.

origin:
late 18th century (originally US): from cat1 + nip, variant of dialect nep, nept, from medieval Latin nepta, from Latin nepeta ‘catmint’.


word: CATOPTRIC
russian_word: катоптрический
definition: relating to a mirror, a reflector, or reflection.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kaˈtɒptrɪk
phonetics_text: kaˈtɒptrɪk
origin:
mid 16th century (as a noun in the sense ‘the part of optics that deals with reflection’): from Greek katoptrikos ‘reflecting’, from katoptron ‘mirror’.


word: CATSUIT
russian_word: костюм в виде комбинезона
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkatsuːt
phonetics_text: ˈkatsuːt
definition:
a woman's close-fitting one-piece garment with trouser legs, covering the body from the neck to the feet.


word: CATTLE
russian_word: крупный рогатый скот
synonyms: cows|bovines|oxen|bulls|stock|livestock|neat|kine
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkat(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkat(ə)l
definition:
large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs, domesticated for meat or milk, or as beasts of burden; cows and oxen.|animals of a group related to domestic cattle, including yak, bison, and buffaloes.

origin:
Middle English (also denoting personal property or wealth): from Anglo-Norman French catel, variant of Old French chatel (see chattel).


word: CATTY
russian_word: злобный
example: catty comments|catty eyes
definition: deliberately hurtful in one's remarks; spiteful.|relating to cats; catlike.
antonyms: kind|complimentary
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkati
phonetics_text: ˈkati
synonyms:
spiteful|malicious|mean|nasty|cruel|unkind|snide|backbiting|hurtful|wounding|barbed|cutting|hateful|ill-natured|bitter|venomous|vitriolic|poisonous|acid|hostile|rancorous|vindictive|vicious|defamatory|slanderous|bitchy|malefic|maleficent


word: CAUCASIAN
russian_word: белый
example: twenty of the therapists were Caucasian, two were African American, and two were Hispanic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kɔːˈkeɪʒən
phonetics_text: kɔːˈkeɪʒən|kɔːˈkeɪzɪən
definition:
white-skinned; of European origin.|relating to the Caucasus.|relating to or denoting a group of languages spoken in the region of the Caucasus, of which thirty-eight are known, many not committed to writing. The most widely spoken is Georgian, of the small South Caucasian family, not related to the three North Caucasian families.


word: CAUCUS
russian_word: партийное собрание
origin: mid 18th century: perhaps from Algonquian cau'-cau'-as'u ‘adviser’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɔːkəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːkəs
example:
Hawaii holds its nominating caucuses next Tuesday|up to fifty caucuses met daily on conference grounds to discuss lobbying strategies

definition:
(in some US states) a meeting at which local members of a political party register their preference among candidates running for office or select delegates to attend a convention.|a conference of members of a legislative body who belong to a particular party or faction.|a group within an organization or political party which meets independently to discuss strategy or tactics.

synonyms:
meeting|assembly|gathering|congress|conference|convention|rally|conclave|congregation|convocation|synod|council|session|parley|get-together


word: CAUDILLO
russian_word: каудильо
definition: (in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries) a military or political leader.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kaʊˈdiːjəʊ
phonetics_text: kaʊˈdiːjəʊ
origin:
Spanish, from late Latin capitellum, diminutive of Latin caput ‘head’. The title El Caudillo, ‘the leader’, was assumed by General Franco of Spain in 1938.


word: CAUL
russian_word: большой сальник
origin: Middle English: perhaps from Old French cale ‘head covering’, but recorded earlier.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɔːl
phonetics_text: kɔːl
definition:
the amniotic membrane enclosing a fetus.|a woman's close-fitting indoor headdress or hairnet.|the omentum.


word: CAULIFLOWER
russian_word: цветная капуста
definition: a cabbage of a variety which bears a large immature flower head of small creamy-white flower buds.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlɪflaʊə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlɪflaʊə
origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete French chou fleuri ‘flowered cabbage’, probably from Italian cavolfiore or modern Latin cauliflora . The original English form colieflorie or cole-flory had its first element influenced by cole; the second element was influenced by flower during the 17th century.


word: CAUSE
russian_word: причина
antonyms: effect|result
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin causa (noun), causare (verb).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɔːz
phonetics_text: kɔːz
example:
the cause of the accident is not clear|she devoted her whole adult life to the cause of deaf people|forty-five causes were entered in the list for the March session

definition:
a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition.|a principle, aim, or movement to which one is committed and which one is prepared to defend or advocate.|a matter to be resolved in a court of law.

synonyms:
source|root|origin|beginning(s)|starting point|seed|germ|genesis|agency|occasion|mainspring|base|basis|foundation|bottom|seat|originator|author|creator|producer|agent|prime mover|maker|fons et origo|fountainhead|wellspring|fount|begetter|radix


word: CAUSEY
russian_word: мостить
definition: archaic or dialect term for causeway.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːzi
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːzi|ˈkɔːsi
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French causee, based on Latin calx ‘lime, limestone’ (used for paving roads).


word: CAUSTIC
russian_word: каустика
example: a caustic cleaner|the players were making caustic comments about the refereeing
antonyms: kind
synonyms: corrosive|corroding|mordant|acid|alkaline|burning|stinging|acrid|harsh|destructive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːstɪk
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːstɪk|ˈkɒstɪk
definition:
able to burn or corrode organic tissue by chemical action.|sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way.|formed by the intersection of reflected or refracted parallel rays from a curved surface.

origin:
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek kaustikos, from kaustos ‘combustible’, from kaiein ‘to burn’.


word: CAUTERIZE
russian_word: прижечь
example: I'll freeze the hand and cauterize the wound
synonyms: burn|sear|singe|scorch|disinfect|sterilize|sanitize|clean|cleanse|decontaminate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɔːtərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːtərʌɪz
definition:
burn the skin or flesh of (a wound) with a heated instrument or caustic substance in order to stop bleeding or to prevent infection.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French cauteriser, from late Latin cauterizare, from Greek kautēriazein, from kautērion ‘branding iron’, from kaiein ‘to burn’.


word: CAUTION
russian_word: осторожность
definition: care taken to avoid danger or mistakes.|an amusing or surprising person.
antonyms: incaution|recklessness
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n
example:
anyone receiving a suspect package should exercise extreme caution|‘You're a caution, you are,’ she said

synonyms:
care|carefulness|wariness|awareness|heedfulness|heed|attention|attentiveness|alertness|watchfulness|vigilance|circumspection|discretion|prudence|guardedness|chariness|forethought|mindfulness|caginess

origin:
Middle English (denoting bail or a guarantee; now chiefly Scots and US): from Latin cautio(n- ), from cavere ‘take heed’.


word: CAUTIOUS
russian_word: осторожный
example: a cautious driver
definition: (of a person) careful to avoid potential problems or dangers.
antonyms: incautious|reckless
origin: mid 17th century: from caution, on the pattern of pairs such as ambition, ambitious .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɔːʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːʃəs
synonyms:
careful|wary|aware|heedful|attentive|alert|watchful|vigilant|circumspect|prudent|guarded|on one's guard|chary|mindful|cagey


word: CAVALCADE
russian_word: кавалькада
example: the royal cavalcade proceeded through the city
definition: a formal procession of people walking, on horseback, or riding in vehicles.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkav(ə)lˈkeɪd
phonetics_text: ˌkav(ə)lˈkeɪd|ˈkav(ə)lkeɪd
synonyms:
procession|parade|motorcade|carcade|cortège|march|column|troop|file|train|caravan|retinue|march-past|crocodile

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a ride or raid on horseback): from French, from Italian cavalcata, from cavalcare ‘to ride’, based on Latin caballus ‘horse’.


word: CAVALIER
russian_word: кавалер
antonyms: Roundhead|parliamentarian
synonyms: Royalist|king's man
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌkavəˈlɪə
phonetics_text: ˌkavəˈlɪə
definition:
a supporter of King Charles I in the English Civil War.|a small spaniel of a breed with a long snout.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, from Italian cavaliere, based on Latin caballus ‘horse’. Compare with caballero and chevalier.


word: CAVALRY
russian_word: кавалерия
example: the cavalry charged up the hill
definition: (in the past) soldiers who fought on horseback.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkav(ə)lri
phonetics_text: ˈkav(ə)lri
synonyms:
mounted troops|cavalrymen|horse soldiers|troopers|horse|dragoons|lancers|hussars|carabineers|cuirassiers|sabreurs

origin:
mid 16th century: from French cavallerie, from Italian cavalleria, from cavallo ‘horse’, from Latin caballus .


word: CAVE
russian_word: пещера
example: the narrow gorge contains a series of prehistoric caves
definition: a natural underground chamber in a hillside or cliff.
synonyms: cavern|grotto|hollow|cavity|pothole|underground chamber|gallery|tunnel|dugout
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: keɪv
phonetics_text: keɪv
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin cava, from cavus ‘hollow’ (compare with cavern). The usage cave in may be from the synonymous dialect expression calve in, influenced by obsolete cave ‘excavate, hollow out’.


word: CAVEAT
russian_word: предостережение
example: there are a number of caveats which concern the validity of the assessment results
definition: a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin, literally ‘let a person beware’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkavɪat
phonetics_text: ˈkavɪat
synonyms:
warning|caution|admonition|monition|red flag|alarm bells|proviso|condition|stipulation|provision|clause|rider|qualification|restriction|reservation|limitation|strings


word: CAVE IN
russian_word: оседать
example: the tunnel walls caved in|eventually, Danny caved in and let him stay
definition: (of a roof or similar structure) subside or collapse.|capitulate or submit under pressure.
antonyms: hold out against
synonyms:
yield|surrender|submit|succumb|back down|make concessions|capitulate|give up/in|raise/show the white flag|acquiesce|agree|concur|approve|assent|throw in the towel|throw in the sponge


word: CAVERN
russian_word: пещера
definition: a large cave or chamber in a cave.
synonyms: large cave|grotto|hollow|cavity|underground chamber|gallery|tunnel|dugout
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkav(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkav(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French caverne or from Latin caverna, from cavus ‘hollow’. Compare with cave1.


word: CAVIL
russian_word: придирка
example: they cavilled at the cost
definition: make petty or unnecessary objections.
origin: mid 16th century: from French caviller, from Latin cavillari, from cavilla ‘mockery’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkav(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkav(ə)l
synonyms:
complain|carp|grumble|moan|grouse|grouch|whine|bleat|find fault with|quibble about|niggle about|criticize|censure|denounce|condemn|decry|mither|twine|gripe|beef|bellyache|bitch|nitpick|pick holes in|split hairs|sound off|kick up a fuss|knock|whinge|chunter|create|kvetch about


word: CAVITY
russian_word: полость
example: the abdominal cavity
definition: an empty space within a solid object.
origin: mid 16th century: from French cavité or late Latin cavitas, from Latin cavus ‘hollow’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkavɪti
phonetics_text: ˈkavɪti
synonyms:
space|chamber|hollow|hole|pocket|pouch|orifice|aperture|socket|gap|crater|pit|cutting|concavity|lacuna|sac|alveolus|ampulla|antrum|archenteron|bulla|bursa|lumen|orbit|sinus|ventricle|vesicle|calyx|cyst|geode|vug


word: CAVORT
russian_word: скакать
example: the players cavorted about the pitch
definition: jump or dance around excitedly.
origin: late 18th century (originally US): perhaps an alteration of curvet.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈvɔːt
phonetics_text: kəˈvɔːt
synonyms:
skip|dance|romp|jig|caper|cut capers|frisk|gambol|prance|frolic|play|bounce|trip|leap|jump|bound|spring|hop|bob|lark|sport|rollick


word: CEASE
russian_word: прекращение
example: the hostilities ceased and normal life was resumed
definition: come or bring to an end.
antonyms: start|continue
origin: Middle English: from Old French cesser, from Latin cessare ‘stop’, from cedere ‘to yield’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: siːs
phonetics_text: siːs
synonyms:
come to an end|come to a halt|come to a stop|end|halt|stop|conclude|terminate|finish|wind up|draw to a close|be over|come to a standstill|pause|break off|peter out|fizzle out|abate|fade away|die away|bring to an end|bring to a halt|bring to a stop|discontinue|desist from|refrain from|leave off|quit|shut down|suspend|cut short


word: CEASELESS
russian_word: непрерывный
example: the fort was subjected to ceaseless bombardment
definition: constant and unending.
antonyms: intermittent|brief
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈsiːsləs
phonetics_text: ˈsiːsləs
synonyms:
continual|constant|continuous|incessant|unceasing|unending|endless|never-ending|interminable|non-stop|uninterrupted|unabated|unabating|unremitting|relentless|unrelenting|unrelieved|sustained|persistent|lasting|eternal|perpetual|unfaltering|unflagging|untiring|unwearied|unwavering|unswerving|undeviating|persevering|dogged|tireless|indefatigable


word: CECROPIA
russian_word: цекропией
origin: early 19th century: modern Latin, from the name Cecrops, a king of Attica.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈkrəʊpɪə
phonetics_text: sɪˈkrəʊpɪə
definition:
a fast-growing tropical American tree which is typically among the first to colonize a cleared area.|a very large North American silk moth with boldly marked reddish-brown wings.


word: CEDE
russian_word: уступать
example: in 1874, the islands were ceded to Britain
definition: give up (power or territory).
antonyms: keep|gain
origin: early 16th century: from French céder or Latin cedere ‘to yield’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: siːd
phonetics_text: siːd
synonyms:
surrender|concede|relinquish|yield|part with|give up|hand over|deliver up|turn over|give over|make over|transfer|bequeath|grant|remit|renounce|resign|abandon|forgo|sacrifice|waive|forsake


word: CEDILLA
russian_word: седиль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈdɪlə
phonetics_text: sɪˈdɪlə
definition:
a mark (¸) written under the letter c, especially in French, to show that it is pronounced like an s rather than a k (e.g. façade ).

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete Spanish, earlier form of zedilla, diminutive of zeda (the letter Z), from Greek zēta .


word: CEIBA
russian_word: сейба
origin: via Spanish from Taino, literally ‘giant tree’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsʌɪbə
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪbə
definition:
a very tall tropical American tree from which kapok is obtained, with lightweight yellowish or pinkish timber.


word: CEILING
russian_word: потолок
example: the books were stacked from floor to ceiling
antonyms: floor
synonyms: roof|vault|vaulting|plafond
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsiːlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈsiːlɪŋ
definition:
the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment.|the inside planking of a ship's bottom and sides.

origin:
Middle English (denoting the action of lining the interior of a room with plaster or panelling): from ceil + -ing1. ceiling (sense 1) dates from the mid 16th century.


word: CEL
russian_word: чел
origin: 1930s: abbreviation of celluloid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛl
phonetics_text: sɛl
definition:
a transparent sheet of celluloid or similar film material, which can be drawn on and used in the production of cartoons.


word: CELADON
russian_word: цвет морской волны
example: panelling painted in celadon green
definition: a willow-green colour.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛlədɒn
phonetics_text: ˈsɛlədɒn
origin:
mid 18th century: from French céladon, a colour named after the hero in d'Urfé's pastoral romance L'Astrée (1607–27).


word: CELANDINE
russian_word: чистотел
definition: a common plant of the buttercup family which produces yellow flowers in the early spring.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛləndʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈsɛləndʌɪn
origin:
Middle English, from Old French celidoine, from medieval Latin celidonia, based on Greek khelidōn ‘swallow’ (the flowering of the plant being associated with the arrival of swallows).


word: CELEBRANT
russian_word: священник, отправляющий церковную службу
example: birthday celebrants
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛlɪbr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈsɛlɪbr(ə)nt
definition:
a person who performs a rite, especially a priest at the Eucharist.|a person who celebrates something.

origin:
mid 19th century: from French célébrant or Latin celebrant- ‘celebrating’, from the verb celebrare (see celebrate).


word: CELEBRATE
russian_word: праздновать
antonyms: criticized|unsung|obscure
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsɛlɪbreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈsɛlɪbreɪt
example:
they were celebrating their wedding anniversary at a swanky restaurant|he celebrated holy communion|a film celebrating the actor's career

definition:
acknowledge (a significant or happy day or event) with a social gathering or enjoyable activity.|perform (a religious ceremony), in particular officiate at (the Eucharist).|honour or praise publicly.

synonyms:
commemorate|observe|honour|mark|salute|recognize|acknowledge|remember|memorialize|keep|drink to|toast|drink a toast to|enjoy oneself|make merry|have fun|have a good/wild time|rave|party|have a party|eat|drink|and be merry|revel|roister|carouse|kill the fatted calf|put the flag(s) out|step out|go out on the town|paint the town red|whoop it up|make whoopee|junket|have a night on the tiles|live it up|have a ball|push the boat out|jol|spree|go on a spree|rollick

origin:
late Middle English (in celebrate (sense 2)): from Latin celebrat- ‘celebrated’, from the verb celebrare, from celeber, celebr- ‘frequented or honoured’.


word: CELEBRITY
russian_word: знаменитость
example: he became a sporting celebrity
definition: a famous person, especially in entertainment or sport.
antonyms: nonentity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈlɛbrɪti
phonetics_text: sɪˈlɛbrɪti
synonyms:
famous person|VIP|very important person|personality|name|big name|famous name|household name|star|superstar|celebutante|leading light|giant|great|master|guru|dignitary|luminary|worthy|grandee|lion|public figure|pillar of society|notable|notability|personage|panjandrum|heavyweight|celeb|somebody|someone|bigwig|biggie|big shot|big noise|big gun|big cheese|big chief|nob|lady muck|lord muck|top brass|honcho|head honcho|top dog|mogul|supremo|megastar|heavy|fat cat|big wheel|big kahuna|kahuna|top banana|big enchilada|macher|high muckamuck|high muckety-muck

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘solemn ceremony’): from Old French celebrite or Latin celebritas, from celeber, celebr- ‘frequented or honoured’.


word: CELERY
russian_word: сельдерей
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛləri
phonetics_text: ˈsɛləri
definition:
a cultivated plant of the parsley family, with closely packed succulent leaf stalks which are used as a salad or cooked vegetable.

origin:
mid 17th century: from French céleri, from Italian dialect selleri, based on Greek selinon ‘parsley’.


word: CELESTA
russian_word: челеста
origin: late 19th century: pseudo-Latin, based on French céleste ‘heavenly’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈlɛstə
phonetics_text: sɪˈlɛstə
definition:
a small keyboard instrument in which felted hammers strike a row of steel plates suspended over wooden resonators, giving an ethereal bell-like sound.


word: CELESTIAL
russian_word: небесный
example: a celestial body
definition: positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
antonyms: terrestrial|earthly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: sɪˈlɛstɪəl
phonetics_text: sɪˈlɛstɪəl
synonyms:
(in) space|heavenly|astronomical|extraterrestrial|stellar|planetary|in the sky|in the heavens|superterrestrial

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin caelestialis, from Latin caelestis, from caelum ‘heaven’.


word: CELESTIAL EQUATOR
russian_word: небесный экватор
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the projection into space of the earth's equator; an imaginary circle equidistant from the celestial poles.


word: CELESTIAL SPHERE
russian_word: небесная сфера
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an imaginary sphere of which the observer is the centre and on which all celestial objects are considered to lie.


word: CELIBACY
russian_word: безбрачие
example: a priest who had taken a vow of celibacy
definition: the state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations.
antonyms: marriage|sex
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛlɪbəsi
phonetics_text: ˈsɛlɪbəsi
synonyms:
chastity|virginity|maidenhood|maidenhead|abstinence|self-denial|self-restraint|abnegation|asceticism|the unmarried state|singleness|bachelorhood|spinsterhood|monkhood|nunhood|monasticism|single blessedness|continence


word: CELIBATE
russian_word: холостяк
example: a celibate priest
definition: abstaining from marriage and sexual relations, typically for religious reasons.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsɛlɪbət
phonetics_text: ˈsɛlɪbət
origin:
early 19th century (earlier (mid 17th century) as celibacy ): from French célibat or Latin caelibatus ‘unmarried state’ + -ate2.


word: CELL
russian_word: клетка
example: the authorities locked all remaining inmates in their cells|terrorist cells
origin: Old English, from Old French celle or Latin cella ‘storeroom or chamber’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛl
phonetics_text: sɛl
definition:
a small room in which a prisoner is locked up or in which a monk or nun sleeps.|the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.|a small group forming a nucleus of political activity, typically a secret, subversive one.|a device containing electrodes immersed in an electrolyte, used for generating current or for electrolysis.|the local area covered by one of the short-range transmitters in a cellular telephone system.

synonyms:
dungeon|oubliette|lock-up|prison|room|cubicle|compartment|chamber|stall|enclosure|bullpen|tank|drunk tank|peter


word: CELLA
russian_word: целла
origin: Latin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɛlə
phonetics_text: ˈkɛlə
definition:
the inner area of an ancient temple, especially one housing the hidden cult image in a Greek or Roman temple.


word: CELLAR
russian_word: подвал
example: the servants led us down into a cellar
definition: a room below ground level in a house, often used for storing wine or coal.
antonyms: attic
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsɛlə
phonetics_text: ˈsɛlə
synonyms:
basement|vault|crypt|undercroft|underground room|catacomb|sub-basement|lower ground floor|garden flat|below stairs

origin:
Middle English (in the general sense ‘storeroom’): from Old French celier, from late Latin cellarium ‘storehouse’, from Latin cella ‘storeroom or chamber’.


word: CELLO
russian_word: виолончель
origin: late 19th century: shortening of violoncello.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛləʊ
definition:
a bass instrument of the violin family, held upright on the floor between the legs of the seated player.


word: CELOSIA
russian_word: Селосия
definition: a plant of a genus that includes cockscomb.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈləʊsɪə
phonetics_text: sɪˈləʊsɪə|sɪˈləʊʃə
origin:
modern Latin, from Greek kēlos ‘burnt or dry’ (from the burnt appearance of the flowers in some species).


word: CELT
russian_word: кельт
origin: early 18th century: from medieval Latin celtis ‘chisel’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛlt
phonetics_text: sɛlt
definition:
a prehistoric stone or metal implement with a bevelled cutting edge, probably used as a tool or weapon.


word: CEMBALO
russian_word: цимбалы
definition: another term for harpsichord.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛmbələʊ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛmbələʊ
origin:
mid 19th century: from Italian, shortening of clavicembalo, from medieval Latin clavicymbalum, from Latin clavis ‘key’ + cymbalum ‘cymbal’.


word: CEMENT
russian_word: цемент
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: sɪˈmɛnt
phonetics_text: sɪˈmɛnt
definition:
a powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French ciment (noun), cimenter (verb), from Latin caementum ‘quarry stone’, from caedere ‘hew’.


word: CEMETERY
russian_word: кладбище
example: a military cemetery
definition: a large burial ground, especially one not in a churchyard.
origin: late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek koimētērion ‘dormitory’, from koiman ‘put to sleep’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛmɪtri
phonetics_text: ˈsɛmɪtri
synonyms:
graveyard|churchyard|burial ground|burial place|burying place|burying ground|garden of remembrance|kirkyard|memorial park|boneyard|golgotha|urnfield|potter's field|catacomb|necropolis|God's acre


word: CENOZOIC
russian_word: кайнозойского
example: they were the dominant predators in South America during the Cenozoic age
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek kainos ‘new’ + zōion ‘animal’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌsiːnəˈzəʊɪk
phonetics_text: ˌsiːnəˈzəʊɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting the most recent era, following the Mesozoic era and comprising the Tertiary and Quaternary periods.


word: CENSOR
russian_word: цензор
example: the report was approved by the military censors
synonyms: expurgator|examiner|inspector|editor
origin: mid 16th century (in censor (sense 2 of the noun)): from Latin, from censere ‘assess’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsɛnsə
phonetics_text: ˈsɛnsə
definition:
an official who examines books, films, news, etc. that are about to be published and suppresses any parts that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.|(in ancient Rome) either of two magistrates who held censuses and supervised public morals.


word: CENSORIOUS
russian_word: строгий
example: censorious champions of morality
definition: severely critical of others.
antonyms: complimentary|approving
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin censorius (from censor ‘magistrate’) + -ious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: sɛnˈsɔːrɪəs
phonetics_text: sɛnˈsɔːrɪəs
synonyms:
hypercritical|overcritical|severely critical|disapproving|condemnatory|condemning|castigatory|denunciatory|deprecatory|disparaging|unforgiving|reproachful|reproving|censuring|captious|fault-finding|carping|cavilling|full of reproof|vituperative|pass-remarkable


word: CENSURE
russian_word: порицание
example: the company was heavily censured by inspectors from the Department of Trade
definition: express severe disapproval of (someone or something), especially in a formal statement.
antonyms: praise|commend
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈsɛnʃə
phonetics_text: ˈsɛnʃə
synonyms:
condemn|criticize|castigate|chastise|lambast|pillory|savage|attack|find fault with|fulminate against|abuse|reprimand|berate|reprove|rebuke|admonish|remonstrate with|reproach|take to task|haul over the coals|impugn|harangue|blame|revile|vilify|give someone a bad press|knock|slam|take to pieces|pull apart|crucify|bash|hammer|lay into|tear into|sail into|roast|give someone a roasting|cane|blast|bawl out|dress down|rap over the knuckles|have a go at|give someone hell|carpet|slate|slag off|rubbish|monster|rollick|give someone a rollicking|give someone a rocket|tear someone off a strip|tear a strip off someone|chew out|ream out|pummel|cut up|bag|rate|slash|excoriate|objurgate|reprehend|bollock|give someone a bollocking

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘judicial sentence’): from Old French censurer (verb), censure (noun), from Latin censura ‘judgement, assessment’, from censere ‘assess’.


word: CENTAURY
russian_word: золототысячника
definition: a widely distributed herbaceous plant of the gentian family, typically having pink flowers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛntɔːri
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntɔːri
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin centaurea, based on Greek kentauros ‘centaur’ (because its medicinal properties were said to have been discovered by the centaur Chiron).


word: CENTAVO
russian_word: сентаво
origin: Spanish and Portuguese, from Latin centum ‘a hundred’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛnˈtɑːvəʊ
phonetics_text: sɛnˈtɑːvəʊ
definition:
a monetary unit of Mexico, Brazil, and certain other countries (formerly including Portugal), equal to one hundredth of the basic unit.


word: CENTIME
russian_word: сантим
origin: French, from Latin centesimus ‘hundredth’, from centum ‘a hundred’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɒ̃tiːm
phonetics_text: ˈsɒ̃tiːm|French sɑ̃tim
definition:
a monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a franc or some other decimal currency units (used in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg until the introduction of the euro in 2002).


word: CENTIMO
russian_word: сентимо
origin: Spanish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛntɪməʊ
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntɪməʊ|Spanish ˈθentimo|ˈsentimo
definition:
a monetary unit of a number of Latin American countries (and formerly of Spain), equal to one hundredth of the basic unit.


word: CENTRAL
russian_word: центральный
example: the station has a central courtyard|his preoccupation with history is central to his work
antonyms: side|extreme|outer
origin: mid 17th century: from French, or from Latin centralis, from centrum (see centre).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsɛntr(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntr(ə)l
definition:
at the point or in the area that is in the middle of something.|of the greatest importance; principal or essential.

synonyms:
middle|centre|halfway|midway|mid|median|medial|mean|middling|intermediate|intermedial|mesial|inner|innermost|interior|nuclear


word: CENTRALIST
russian_word: централист
example: political struggles between centralists and federalists
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈsɛntrəlɪst
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntrəlɪst
definition:
a person who advocates the control of different activities and organizations under a single authority.


word: CENTRALIZE
russian_word: централизовать
example: one of his first actions was to centralize control of the company's operations
definition: concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority.
antonyms: disperse|devolve
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsɛntrəlʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntrəlʌɪz
synonyms:
concentrate|bring under one roof|consolidate|amalgamate|condense|collect|cluster|compact|unify|incorporate|streamline|focus|rationalize


word: CENTRE
russian_word: центр
example: the city was a centre of discontent|a conference centre
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsɛntə
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntə
definition:
the point that is equally distant from every point on the circumference of a circle or sphere.|the point from which an activity or process is directed, or on which it is focused.|a place or group of buildings where a specified activity is concentrated.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin centrum, from Greek kentron ‘sharp point, stationary point of a pair of compasses’, related to kentein ‘to prick’.


word: CENTRED
russian_word: в центре
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈsɛntəd
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntəd
example:
a child-centred school|a soft-centred chocolate|she is very together, very domesticated, very centred

definition:
placed or situated in the centre.|having a specified subject as the most important or focal element.|(of a chocolate) having a centre or filling of a specified type.|(of a person) well balanced and confident or serene.


word: CENTRIFUGATION
russian_word: центрифугирование
example: the cells were harvested by centrifugation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛnˌtrɪfjʊˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: sɛnˌtrɪfjʊˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of using a centrifuge, typically to separate fluids of different densities or liquids from solids.


word: CENTRIFUGE
russian_word: центрифуга
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsɛntrɪfjuːdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntrɪfjuːdʒ
definition:
a machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) or liquids from solids.


word: CENTRING
russian_word: центрирование
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛnt(ə)rɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈsɛnt(ə)rɪŋ
definition:
the action or process of placing something in the middle of something else.|framing used to support an arch or dome while it is under construction.


word: CENTROMERE
russian_word: центромера
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛntrə(ʊ)mɪə
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntrə(ʊ)mɪə
definition:
the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

origin:
early 20th century (originally denoting a region within the oocyst of a malaria parasite): from Latin centrum (see centre) + Greek meros ‘part’. The current sense dates from the 1930s.


word: CENTROSOME
russian_word: центросома
origin: late 19th century: from Latin centrum (see centre) + Greek sōma ‘body’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛntrəsəʊm
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntrəsəʊm
definition:
an organelle near the nucleus of a cell which contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibres develop in cell division.


word: CENTUPLE
russian_word: умножать на сто
example: they were centupling the national debt
definition: multiply by a hundred or by a very large amount.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsɛntjʊp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈsɛntjʊp(ə)l
origin:
early 17th century: from French, or from ecclesiastical Latin centuplus, alteration of Latin centuplex, from Latin centum ‘hundred’.


word: CENTURY PLANT
russian_word: агава
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a large stemless agave with long spiny leaves, which produces a very tall flowering stem after many years of growth and then dies.


word: CEP
russian_word: белый гриб
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛp
phonetics_text: sɛp
definition:
an edible European mushroom with a smooth brown cap, a stout white stalk, and pores rather than gills, growing in dry woodland and much sought after as a delicacy.

origin:
mid 19th century: from French cèpe, from Gascon cep ‘tree trunk, mushroom’, from Latin cippus ‘stake’.


word: CEPHALIC
russian_word: головной
definition: in or relating to the head.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: sɪˈfalɪk
phonetics_text: sɪˈfalɪk|kɛˈfalɪk
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French cephalique, from Latin cephalicus, from Greek kephalikos, from kephalē ‘head’.


word: CEPHALIZATION
russian_word: цефализация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɛfəlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌsɛfəlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n|ˌkɛfəlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development.


word: CEPHALOMETRY
russian_word: цефалометрия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɛfəˈlɒmɪtri
phonetics_text: ˌsɛfəˈlɒmɪtri|ˌkɛfəˈlɒmɪtri
definition:
measurement and study of the proportions of the head and face, especially during development and growth.


word: CEPHEID
russian_word: цефеид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsiːfɪɪd
phonetics_text: ˈsiːfɪɪd|ˈsɛːfɪɪd
definition:
a variable star having a regular cycle of brightness with a frequency related to its luminosity, so allowing estimation of its distance from the earth.

origin:
early 20th century: from the name of the variable star Delta Cephei, which typifies this class of stars.


word: CERCARIA
russian_word: церкарии
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, formed irregularly from Greek kerkos ‘tail’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: səːˈkɛːrɪə
phonetics_text: səːˈkɛːrɪə
definition:
a free-swimming larval stage in which a parasitic fluke passes from an intermediate host (typically a snail) to another intermediate host or to the final vertebrate host.


word: CERCUS
russian_word: церка
origin: early 19th century: from modern Latin, from Greek kerkos ‘tail’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsəːkəs
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkəs
definition:
either of a pair of small appendages at the end of the abdomen of some insects and other arthropods.


word: CEREBELLAR
russian_word: мозжечковый
example: the cerebellar cortex
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsɛrəˈbɛlə
phonetics_text: ˌsɛrəˈbɛlə
definition:
relating to the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity.


word: CEREMONIAL
russian_word: церемониальный
example: a ceremonial occasion|the largely ceremonial position of Lord Lieutenant of Kent
antonyms: informal|unofficial
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: sɛrɪˈməʊnɪəl
phonetics_text: sɛrɪˈməʊnɪəl
definition:
relating to or used for formal religious or public events.|(of a post or role) conferring or involving only nominal authority or power.

synonyms:
formal|official|state|public|ritual|ritualistic|prescribed|set|stately|courtly|solemn|dignified|celebratory|sacramental|liturgical

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin caerimonialis, from Latin caerimonia ‘religious worship’ (see ceremony).


word: CEREMONIOUS
russian_word: церемониальный
example: a Great Hall where ceremonious and public appearances were made
definition: relating or appropriate to grand and formal occasions.
antonyms: unceremonious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: sɛrɪˈməʊnɪəs
phonetics_text: sɛrɪˈməʊnɪəs
synonyms:
dignified|majestic|imposing|impressive|solemn|stately|awe-inspiring|regal|imperial|elegant|grand|glorious|splendid|magnificent|resplendent|important|august|portentous|formal|courtly|punctilious|courteous|civil|deferential|stiff|rigid|affected|slow-moving|measured|deliberate|precise|scrupulous|starchy|just so

origin:
mid 16th century: from French cérémonieux or late Latin caerimoniosus, from Latin caerimonia (see ceremony).


word: CEREMONY
russian_word: церемония
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛrɪməni
phonetics_text: ˈsɛrɪməni
example:
the winners were presented with their prizes at a special ceremony|the new Queen was proclaimed with due ceremony

definition:
a formal religious or public occasion, especially one celebrating a particular event, achievement, or anniversary.|the ritual observances and procedures required or performed at grand and formal occasions.

synonyms:
pomp|protocol|formalities|niceties|decorum|etiquette|good form|propriety|conventionality|punctilio|attention to detail|fuss|politesse

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French ceremonie or Latin caerimonia ‘religious worship’, (plural) ‘ritual observances’.


word: CERIUM
russian_word: церий
origin: early 19th century: named after the asteroid Ceres, discovered shortly before.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪərɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈsɪərɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 58, a silvery-white metal. It is the most abundant of the lanthanide elements and is the main component of the alloy misch metal.


word: CERTAIN
russian_word: определенный
example: it's certain that more changes are in the offing|he raised certain personal problems with me
definition: able to be firmly relied on to happen or be the case.|specific but not explicitly named or stated.
antonyms: unthinkable|doubtful|possible|unlikely|unreliable
origin: Middle English: from Old French, based on Latin certus ‘settled, sure’.
part_of_speech: adjective|pronoun
phonetic: ˈsəːt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈsəːt(ə)n
synonyms:
unquestionable|sure|definite|beyond question|not in question|not in doubt|beyond doubt|unequivocal|indubitable|undeniable|irrefutable|indisputable|incontrovertible|incontestable|obvious|patent|manifest|evident|plain|clear|transparent|palpable|unmistakable|conclusive|recognized|confirmed|accepted|acknowledged|undisputed|undoubted|unquestioned|unchallenged|uncontested|there are no two ways about it|as sure as eggs is eggs|very likely|bound|destined|predestined|fated|trusted|assured of doing something|nailed on|inevitable|assured|reliable|unavoidable|inescapable|automatic|bound to happen|sure to happen|unpreventable|inexorable|ineluctable|predictable|necessary|out of one's hands|in the bag|dependable|trustworthy|sound|foolproof|tested|tried and tested|effective|efficacious|guaranteed|unfailing|infallible|unerring|sure-fire|sovereign


word: CERTAINLY
russian_word: конечно
example: the prestigious address certainly adds to the firm's appeal
definition: used to emphasize the speaker's belief that what is said is true.
antonyms: possibly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈsəːt(ə)nli
phonetics_text: ˈsəːt(ə)nli
synonyms:
unquestionably|surely|assuredly|definitely|beyond question|without question|beyond doubt|unequivocally|indubitably|undeniably|irrefutably|indisputably|incontrovertibly|incontestably|obviously|patently|manifestly|evidently|plainly|clearly|transparently|palpably|unmistakably|conclusively|undisputedly|undoubtedly|there are no two ways about it|as sure as eggs is eggs


word: CERTAINTY
russian_word: уверенность
example: she knew with absolute certainty that they were dead
definition: firm conviction that something is the case.
antonyms: uncertainty|doubt
origin: Middle English: from Old French certainete, from certain (see certain).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsəːt(ə)nti
phonetics_text: ˈsəːt(ə)nti
synonyms:
confidence|sureness|positiveness|conviction|certitude|reliability|assuredness|assurance|validity|conclusiveness|authoritativeness|truth|fact|factualness


word: CERTIFICATE
russian_word: сертификат
example: an 18 certificate
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
an official document attesting a fact.|an official classification awarded to a cinema film by a board of censors indicating its suitability for a particular age group.

synonyms:
guarantee|proof|certification|document|authorization|authentication|verification|credentials|accreditation|testimonial|warrant|licence|voucher|diploma

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘certification, attestation’): from French certificat or medieval Latin certificatum, from certificare (see certify).


word: CERTIFY
russian_word: сертифицировать
example: the profits for the year had been certified by the auditors
definition: attest or confirm in a formal statement.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsəːtɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈsəːtɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
verify|guarantee|attest|validate|ratify|warrant|confirm|corroborate|substantiate|endorse|vouch for|testify to|provide evidence of|authenticate|document|bear witness to|bear out|give proof of|prove|demonstrate|back up|support

origin:
Middle English: from Old French certifier, from late Latin certificare, from Latin certus ‘certain’.


word: CERTIORARI
russian_word: истребование дела
example: an order of certiorari
definition: a writ or order by which a higher court reviews a case tried in a lower court.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsəːtɪə(ʊ)ˈrɑːri
phonetics_text: ˌsəːtɪə(ʊ)ˈrɑːri
origin:
late Middle English: from Law Latin, ‘to be informed’, a phrase originally occurring at the start of the writ, from certiorare ‘inform’, from certior, comparative of certus ‘certain’.


word: CESS
russian_word: налог
definition: (in Scotland, Ireland, and India) a tax or levy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛs
phonetics_text: sɛs
origin:
late 15th century (denoting the obligation placed on the Irish to supply the Lord Deputy's household and garrison with provisions at prices ‘assessed’ by the government): shortened from the obsolete noun assess ‘assessment’.


word: CESSATION
russian_word: прекращение
example: the cessation of hostilities
definition: the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
antonyms: start|resumption
origin: late Middle English: from Latin cessatio(n- ), from cessare ‘cease’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛˈseɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: sɛˈseɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
end|ending|termination|stopping|halting|ceasing|finish|finishing|stoppage|closing|closure|close|conclusion|winding up|discontinuation|discontinuance|breaking off|abandonment|interruption|suspension|cutting short|pause|break|respite|let-up


word: CESSION
russian_word: цессия
example: the cession of twenty important towns
definition: the formal giving up of rights, property, or territory by a state.
antonyms: gain
origin: late Middle English; from Latin cessio(n- ), from cedere ‘cede’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈsɛʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
surrender|surrendering|ceding|conceding|concession|relinquishment|yielding|giving up|handing over|transfer|transference|transferral|granting|grant|bequest|resignation|abdication|abandonment|forgoing|forsaking|sacrifice|waiving|waiver|renunciation


word: CETACEOUS
russian_word: китообразный
example: a new genus of cetaceous animals
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: səˈteɪʃəs
phonetics_text: səˈteɪʃəs
definition:
relating to or denoting a marine mammal of the order Cetacea, such as a whale, dolphin, or porpoise.


word: CETANE
russian_word: цетановое
definition: a colourless liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series, present in petroleum spirit.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsiːteɪn
phonetics_text: ˈsiːteɪn
origin:
late 19th century: from Latin cetus ‘whale’, from Greek kētos (because related compounds were first derived from spermaceti) + -ane2.


word: CHABAZITE
russian_word: шабазит
definition: a colourless, pink, or yellow zeolite mineral, typically occurring as rhombohedral crystals.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkabəzʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkabəzʌɪt
origin:
early 19th century: from French chabazie, from Greek khabazie, a misreading of khalazie, vocative form of khalazios ‘hailstone’ (from khalaza ‘hail’, because of its form and colour), + -ite1.


word: CHADOR
russian_word: чадра
origin: early 17th century: from Urdu chādar, chaddar, from Persian čādar ‘sheet or veil’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːdɔː
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːdɔː|ˈtʃɑːdə|ˈtʃʌdə
definition:
a large piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head and upper body leaving only the face exposed, worn especially by Muslim women.


word: CHAEBOL
russian_word: чеболь
definition: (in South Korea) a large family-owned business conglomerate.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪbɒl
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪbɒl
origin:
Korean, from chae ‘money’ + bol ‘faction, clique’, on the model of Japanese zaibatsu (see zaibatsu).


word: CHAFE
russian_word: притрагивающихся
synonyms: abrade|graze|grate|rub against|rub painfully|gall|skin|scrape|scratch|rasp|inflame|excoriate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃeɪf
phonetics_text: tʃeɪf
example:
the collar chafed his neck|I chafed her feet and wrapped the blanket round her|the bank chafed at the restrictions imposed upon it

definition:
(with reference to a part of the body) make or become sore by rubbing against something.|rub (a part of the body) to restore warmth or sensation.|become or make annoyed or impatient because of a restriction or inconvenience.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘make warm’): from Old French chaufer ‘make hot’, based on Latin calefacere, from calere ‘be hot’ + facere ‘make’.


word: CHAFER
russian_word: майский жук
origin: Old English ceafor, cefer, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kever .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪfə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪfə
definition:
a large flying beetle, the adult and larva of which can be very destructive to foliage and plant roots respectively.


word: CHAFF
russian_word: мякина
example: he hopes to separate scientifically supported claims from pseudoscientific chaff
synonyms: husks|hulls|bran|pods|seed cases|shells|capsules|sheaths|shucks
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃaf
phonetics_text: tʃaf|tʃɑːf
definition:
the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing.|worthless things; rubbish.|strips of metal foil released in the air to obstruct radar detection.

origin:
Old English cæf, ceaf, probably from a Germanic base meaning ‘gnaw’; related to Dutch kaf, also to chafer.


word: CHAFFINCH
russian_word: зяблик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃafɪn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃafɪn(t)ʃ
definition:
a Eurasian and North African finch, typically with a bluish top to the head and dark wings and tail.

origin:
Old English ceaffinc  ‘chaff finch’ (because it forages around barns, picking seeds out of the chaff).


word: CHAGRIN
russian_word: огорчение
example: to my chagrin, he was nowhere to be seen
definition: annoyance or distress at having failed or been humiliated.
antonyms: delight
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈʃaɡrɪn
phonetics_text: ˈʃaɡrɪn|ʃəˈɡrɪn
synonyms:
annoyance|irritation|vexation|exasperation|displeasure|pique|spleen|crossness|anger|rage|fury|wrath|dissatisfaction|discontent|indignation|resentment|umbrage|disgruntlement|rankling|smarting|distress|discomposure|discomfiture|disquiet|fretfulness|frustration|embarrassment|mortification|humiliation|shame|aggravation|ire

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘melancholy’): from French chagrin (noun), literally ‘rough skin, shagreen’, chagriner (verb), of unknown origin.


word: CHAIN
russian_word: цепь
origin: Middle English: from Old French chaine, chaeine, from Latin catena ‘a chain’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃeɪn
phonetics_text: tʃeɪn
example:
he slid the bolts on the front door and put the safety chain across|he kept the chain of buckets supplied with water

definition:
a series of linked metal rings used for fastening or securing something, or for pulling loads.|a sequence of items of the same type forming a line.|a jointed measuring line consisting of linked metal rods.|a structure of planks projecting horizontally from a sailing ship's sides abreast of the masts, used to widen the basis for the shrouds.

synonyms:
fetters|shackles|bonds|irons|leg irons|manacles|handcuffs|cuffs|bracelets|trammels|gyves|darbies|bilboes


word: CHAINSAW
russian_word: бензопила
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪnsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪnsɔː
definition:
a mechanical power-driven cutting tool with teeth set on a chain which moves around the edge of a blade.


word: CHAIR
russian_word: стул
example: she's the chair of a research committee|he held a chair in physics
synonyms: seat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃɛː
phonetics_text: tʃɛː
definition:
a separate seat for one person, typically with a back and four legs.|the person in charge of a meeting or of an organization (used as a neutral alternative to chairman or chairwoman).|a professorship.|a metal socket holding a rail in place on a railway sleeper.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chaiere (modern chaire ‘bishop's throne, etc.’, chaise ‘chair’), from Latin cathedra ‘seat’, from Greek kathedra . Compare with cathedral.


word: CHAIRLIFT
russian_word: кресельный подъемник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛːlɪft
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛːlɪft
definition:
a series of chairs hung from a moving cable, used for carrying people up and down a mountain.|a device for carrying people in wheelchairs from one floor of a building to another.


word: CHAIRWOMAN
russian_word: председательница
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛəwʊmən
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛəwʊmən
definition:
a woman chosen to preside over a meeting.|a woman who is the administrative head of a department of instruction at a college or university.

synonyms:
chair|chairperson|president|convener|spokesperson|spokeswoman|leader|MC|mistress of ceremonies|shop steward|mother of the chapel


word: CHALAZION
russian_word: халазион
origin: early 17th century: from Greek khalázion, diminutive of khalaza (see chalaza).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈleɪzɪən
phonetics_text: kəˈleɪzɪən
definition:
a small, usually painless lump on the edge of the eyelid caused by blockage of the gland at the base of an eyelash.


word: CHALCEDONY
russian_word: халцедон
definition: a microcrystalline type of quartz occurring in several different forms including onyx and agate.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kalˈsɛdəni
phonetics_text: kalˈsɛdəni
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin calcedonius, chalcedonius (often believed to mean ‘stone of Chalcedon’, but this is doubtful), from Greek khalkēdōn .


word: CHALCID
russian_word: хальцида
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkalsɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkalsɪd
definition:
a minute metallic-coloured parasitic wasp of a large group whose members lay eggs inside the eggs of other insects.

origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Chalcis (genus name), from Greek khalkos ‘copper, brass’, + -id3.


word: CHALCOLITHIC
russian_word: энеолита
example: the houses were built in the Chalcolithic period
origin: early 20th century: from Greek khalkos ‘copper’ + lithos ‘stone’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌkalkə(ʊ)ˈlɪθɪk
phonetics_text: ˌkalkə(ʊ)ˈlɪθɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting a period in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC, chiefly in the Near East and south-eastern Europe, during which some weapons and tools were made of copper. This period was still largely Neolithic in character.


word: CHALCOPYRITE
russian_word: халькопирит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkalkə(ʊ)ˈpʌɪrʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌkalkə(ʊ)ˈpʌɪrʌɪt
definition:
a yellow crystalline mineral consisting of a sulphide of copper and iron. It is the principal ore of copper.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin chalcopyrites, from Greek khalkos ‘copper’ + puritēs (see pyrites).


word: CHALK UP
russian_word: вести счет
example: Warner has chalked up an impressive 38 years at the firm|I chalked my sleeplessness up to nerves
definition: achieve something noteworthy.|attribute something to a particular cause.
synonyms:
achieve|attain|accomplish|gain|earn|win|succeed in making|reach|make|get|obtain|score|tally|record|register|enter|mark|log|clock up|knock up|notch up|turn in|rack up|bag


word: CHALKY
russian_word: меловой
example: chalky soil|walls of chalky green
definition: consisting of or rich in chalk.|resembling chalk in texture or paleness of colour.
antonyms: rosy|flushed|smooth
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɔːki
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɔːki
synonyms:
pale|bloodless|pallid|colourless|wan|ashen|white|waxen|chalk white|milky|pasty|pasty-faced|whey-faced|peaky|sickly|anaemic|tired-looking|washed out|sallow|drained|drawn|sapped|ghostly|deathly|deathlike|blanched|bleached|etiolated|powdery|floury|mealy|dusty|gritty|crumbly|friable|granulated|granular|ground|crushed|pulverized|pulverulent|levigated


word: CHALLENGE
russian_word: вызов
synonyms: dare|provocation|summons
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈtʃalɪn(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃalɪn(d)ʒ
example:
he accepted the challenge|a challenge to the legality of the banning order|recently vaccinated calves should be protected from challenge

definition:
a call to someone to participate in a competitive situation or fight to decide who is superior in terms of ability or strength.|a call to prove or justify something.|exposure of the immune system to pathogenic organisms or antigens.

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘accusation’ and ‘accuse’): from Old French chalenge (noun), chalenger (verb), from Latin calumnia ‘calumny’, calumniari ‘calumniate’.


word: CHALLENGING
russian_word: стимулирующий
example: challenging and rewarding employment
definition: testing one's abilities; demanding.
antonyms: easy|uninspiring
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃalɪn(d)ʒɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃalɪn(d)ʒɪŋ
synonyms:
demanding|testing|taxing|exacting|exigent|searching|stretching|exciting|stimulating|inspiring|energizing|inspirational|difficult|tough|hard|heavy|stiff|formidable|onerous|arduous|laborious|burdensome|strenuous|gruelling


word: CHALONE
russian_word: халон
definition: a substance secreted like a hormone but having the effect of inhibiting a physiological process.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaləʊn
phonetics_text: ˈkaləʊn|ˈkeɪləʊn
origin:
early 20th century: from Greek khalōn ‘slackening’, present participle of khalaein, on the pattern of hormone .


word: CHALYBEATE
russian_word: железистый
definition: of or denoting natural mineral springs containing iron salts.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈlɪbɪət
phonetics_text: kəˈlɪbɪət
origin:
mid 17th century: from modern Latin chalybeatus, from Latin chalybs, from Greek khalups, khalub- ‘steel’.


word: CHAM
russian_word: чам
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: tʃam
phonetics_text: tʃam
definition:
a member of an indigenous people of Vietnam and Cambodia, who formed an independent kingdom from the 2nd to 17th centuries AD.|the Austronesian language of the Cham, with about 230,000 speakers.


word: CHAMELEON
russian_word: хамелеон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmiːlɪən
phonetics_text: kəˈmiːlɪən
definition:
a small slow-moving Old World lizard with a prehensile tail, long extensible tongue, protruding eyes that rotate independently, and a highly developed ability to change colour.

origin:
Middle English: via Latin chamaeleon from Greek khamaileōn, from khamai ‘on the ground’ + leōn ‘lion’.


word: CHAMBER
russian_word: камера
example: a council chamber|a burial chamber|a chamber concert
synonyms: room|hall|assembly room|auditorium
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪmbə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪmbə
definition:
a large room used for formal or public events.|a private room, especially a bedroom.|an enclosed space or cavity.|of or for a small group of instruments.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘private room’): from Old French chambre, from Latin camera ‘vault, arched chamber’, from Greek kamara ‘object with an arched cover’.


word: CHAMBRAY
russian_word: ШАМБРЕ
definition: a cloth with a white weft and a coloured warp.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃambreɪ
phonetics_text: ˈʃambreɪ
origin:
early 19th century (originally US): formed irregularly from Cambrai, the name of a town in northern France, where it was originally made. Compare with cambric.


word: CHAMFER
russian_word: фаска
example: a neat chamfered edge
definition: (in carpentry) cut away (a right-angled edge or corner) to make a symmetrical sloping edge.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈtʃamfə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃamfə
origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘flute or furrow’): back-formation from chamfering, from French chamfrain, from chant ‘edge’ (see cant2) + fraint ‘broken’ (from Old French fraindre ‘break’, from Latin frangere ).


word: CHAMPERTY
russian_word: чемперти
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃampəti
phonetics_text: ˈtʃampəti
definition:
an illegal agreement in which a person with no previous interest in a lawsuit finances it with a view to sharing the disputed property if the suit succeeds.

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French champartie, from Old French champart ‘feudal lord's share of produce’, from Latin campus ‘field’ + pars ‘part’.


word: CHAMPION
russian_word: чемпион
example: a champion hurdler|he became the determined champion of a free press
antonyms: opponent|critic
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃampɪən
phonetics_text: ˈtʃampɪən
definition:
a person who has surpassed all rivals in a sporting contest or other competition.|a person who vigorously supports or defends a person or cause.

synonyms:
winner|title-holder|defending champion|gold medallist|prizewinner|cup winner|victor|conqueror|victor ludorum|titlist|champ|top dog|number one

origin:
Middle English (denoting a fighting man): from Old French, from medieval Latin campio(n- ) ‘fighter’, from Latin campus (see camp1).


word: CHANCE
russian_word: шанс
example: there is a chance of winning the raffle|he met his brother by chance
antonyms: unlikelihood
origin: Middle English: from Old French cheance, from cheoir ‘fall, befall’, based on Latin cadere .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: tʃɑːns
phonetics_text: tʃɑːns
definition:
a possibility of something happening.|the occurrence of events in the absence of any obvious intention or cause.

synonyms:
possibility|prospect|probability|odds|likelihood|likeliness|expectation|anticipation|conceivability|feasibility|plausibility|risk|threat|menace|hazard|danger|fear|peril|liability|hope|opportunity|promise


word: CHANCE-MEDLEY
russian_word: непредумышленное убийство
definition: the accidental killing of a person in a fight.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃɑːnsˈmɛdli
phonetics_text: tʃɑːnsˈmɛdli
origin:
late 15th century: from Anglo-Norman French chance medlee, literally ‘mixed chance’, from chance ‘luck’ + medlee, feminine past participle of medler ‘to mix’ (based on Latin miscere ).


word: CHANCERY
russian_word: канцелярия
origin: late Middle English: contraction of chancellery.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːns(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːns(ə)ri
definition:
(in the UK) the Lord Chancellor's court, a division of the High Court of Justice.|an office attached to an embassy or consulate.|a public record office.


word: CHANCY
russian_word: рискованный
example: football coaching is a chancy business
definition: involving risks and uncertainty.
antonyms: safe|predictable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːnsi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːnsi
synonyms:
risky|unpredictable|uncertain|speculative|precarious|problematical|unsettled|unsafe|insecure|exposed|touch-and-go|tricky|treacherous|dangerous|fraught with danger|high-risk|hazardous|perilous|dicey|sticky|hairy|dodgy|gnarly|parlous


word: CHANGE
russian_word: изменение
antonyms: keep
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃeɪn(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: tʃeɪn(d)ʒ
example:
both parties voted against proposals to change the law|she decided to change her name|he changed for dinner|we had to change at Rugby

definition:
make (someone or something) different; alter or modify.|replace (something) with something else, especially something of the same kind that is newer or better; substitute one thing for (another).|put different clothes on.|move to a different train, bus, etc.

synonyms:
swap|exchange|interchange|substitute|switch|commute|convert|replace|rotate|alternate|transpose|trade|barter|truck

origin:
Middle English: from Old French change (noun), changer (verb), from late Latin cambiare, from Latin cambire ‘barter’, probably of Celtic origin.


word: CHANGEABLE
russian_word: изменчивый
example: the weather will be changeable with rain at times|cover the tables with changeable cloths
definition: liable to unpredictable variation.|able to be changed or exchanged.
antonyms: unchanging|constant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒəb(ə)l
synonyms:
variable|inconstant|varying|changing|shifting|fluctuating|irregular|erratic|wavering|vacillating|inconsistent|fluid|floating|unsteady|unfixed|uneven|unstable|unsettled|turbulent|movable|mutable|chameleon-like|fickle|capricious|temperamental|whimsical|ever-changing|kaleidoscopic|volatile|mercurial|fitful|uncertain|unpredictable|undependable|unreliable|up and down|full of ups and downs|peaky|blowing hot and cold|vicissitudinous|protean|chameleonic|changeful|fluctuant|variational


word: CHANGELESS
russian_word: неизменный
example: changeless truths
definition: remaining the same.
antonyms: variable|fleeting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒləs
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒləs
synonyms:
unchanging|unvarying|timeless|static|standing|fixed|permanent|constant|unchanged|fast|consistent|uniform|undeviating|stable|steady|unchangeable|unalterable|invariable|immutable|lasting|long-lasting|abiding|enduring|persistent|indefinite|continuing|perpetual|everlasting|perennial|unending|endless|never-ending


word: CHANGE OVER
russian_word: меняться местами
definition: move from one system or situation to another.|exchange roles or duties with another person.
example:
arable farmers have to change over to dairy farming|we were allowed to split the night duty between us, changing over at 2 a.m


word: CHANNEL
russian_word: канал
synonyms: strait(s)|sound|neck|arm|narrows|passage|sea passage|stretch of water|waterway
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈtʃan(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈtʃan(ə)l
example:
they didn't apply through the proper channels|an audio channel|fish eggs have a small channel called the micropyle|a solid block of metal that is machined to create channels into which screw-in cartridge valves can be installed

definition:
a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas of water, especially two seas.|a band of frequencies used in radio and television transmission, especially as used by a particular station.|a method or system for communication or distribution.|an electric circuit which acts as a path for a signal.|a tubular passage or duct for liquid.|a groove or furrow.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chanel, from Latin canalis ‘pipe, groove, channel’, from canna ‘reed’ (see cane). Compare with canal.


word: CHANNELLED
russian_word: направленный
definition: characterized by grooves or furrows.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃan(ə)ld
phonetics_text: ˈtʃan(ə)ld
example:
the pottery is usually plain and dark in colour, sometimes with channelled decoration and moulded handles


word: CHANT
russian_word: песнопение
example: a group of young people set up a chant of ‘Why are we waiting?’
synonyms: shout|cry|slogan|rallying call|war cry|chorus|chanting
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃɑːnt
phonetics_text: tʃɑːnt
definition:
a repeated rhythmic phrase, typically one shouted or sung in unison by a crowd.|a short musical passage in two or more phrases used for singing unmetrical words; a psalm or canticle sung to such music.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘sing’): from Old French chanter ‘sing’, from Latin cantare, frequentative of canere ‘sing’.


word: CHANTERELLE
russian_word: лисичка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːntərɛl
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːntərɛl|ˌtʃɑːntəˈrɛl
definition:
an edible woodland mushroom with a yellow funnel-shaped cap, found in both Eurasia and North America.

origin:
late 18th century: from French, from modern Latin cantharellus, diminutive of cantharus, from Greek kantharos, denoting a kind of drinking container.


word: CHAOS
russian_word: хаос
example: snow caused chaos in the region
definition: complete disorder and confusion.
antonyms: order|orderliness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkeɪɒs
phonetics_text: ˈkeɪɒs
synonyms:
disorder|disarray|disorganization|confusion|mayhem|bedlam|pandemonium|madness|havoc|turmoil|tumult|commotion|disruption|upheaval|furore|frenzy|uproar|hue and cry|babel|hurly-burly|a maelstrom|a muddle|a mess|a shambles|a mare's nest|anarchy|entropy|lawlessness|bangarang|hullabaloo|all hell broken loose|a madhouse|an omnishambles|a car crash|a three-ring circus

origin:
late 15th century (denoting a gaping void or chasm, later formless primordial matter): via French and Latin from Greek khaos ‘vast chasm, void’.


word: CHAOTIC
russian_word: хаотический
example: the political situation was chaotic
definition: in a state of complete confusion and disorder.
antonyms: orderly
origin: early 18th century: from chaos, on the pattern of words such as hypnotic .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: keɪˈɒtɪk
phonetics_text: keɪˈɒtɪk
synonyms:
disorderly|disordered|in disorder|in chaos|in disarray|disorganized|topsy-turvy|haywire|confused|in pandemonium|in turmoil|tumultuous|disrupted|frenzied|in uproar|in a muddle|jumbled|in a mess|messy|in a shambles|anarchic|lawless|orderless


word: CHAPE
russian_word: оковка ножен
definition: the metal point of a scabbard.|the metal pin of a buckle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃeɪp
phonetics_text: tʃeɪp
origin:
Middle English (in the general sense ‘plate of metal overlaying or trimming something’): from Old French, literally ‘cape, hood’, from late Latin cappa ‘cap’.


word: CHAPERONE
russian_word: сопровождать
definition: a person who accompanies and looks after another person or group of people.
synonyms: companion|duenna|protectress|escort|governess|nursemaid|keeper|protector|bodyguard|carer|minder
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈʃapərəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈʃapərəʊn
origin:
late Middle English (denoting a hood or cap, regarded as giving protection): from French, feminine of chaperon ‘hood’, diminutive of chape (see chape). The current sense dates from the early 18th century.


word: CHAPLAINCY
russian_word: сан капеллана
example: he has held a number of school chaplaincies
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃaplɪnsi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃaplɪnsi
definition:
the office or position of a member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, ship, regiment, etc.


word: CHAPTER
russian_word: глава
synonyms: section|division|part|portion|segment|component|bit|instalment
origin: Middle English: from Old French chapitre, from Latin capitulum, diminutive of caput ‘head’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃaptə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃaptə
example:
we will deal with this in chapter eleven|the people are about to begin a new chapter in their history|land granted by the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's Cathedral|a leaflet was issued by the local chapter of the American Cancer Society

definition:
a main division of a book, typically with a number or title.|a distinctive period in history or in a person's life.|the governing body of a religious community or knightly order.|a local branch of a society.


word: CHARACTER
russian_word: характер
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkarəktə
phonetics_text: ˈkarəktə
example:
running away was not in keeping with her character|the author's compassionate identification with his characters

definition:
the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual.|a person in a novel, play, or film.|a printed or written letter or symbol.|a characteristic, especially one that assists in the identification of a species.

synonyms:
personality|nature|disposition|temperament|temper|mentality|turn of mind|psychology|psyche|constitution|make-up|make|stamp|mould|cast|persona|attributes|features|qualities|properties|traits|essential quality|essence|sum and substance|individuality|identity|distinctiveness|uniqueness|spirit|ethos|complexion|key|tone|tenor|ambience|air|aura|feel|feeling|vibrations|kidney|humour|grain

origin:
Middle English: from Old French caractere, via Latin from Greek kharaktēr ‘a stamping tool’. From the early sense ‘distinctive mark’ arose ‘token, feature, or trait’ (early 16th century), and from this ‘a description, especially of a person's qualities’, giving rise to ‘distinguishing qualities’.


word: CHARACTERISTIC
russian_word: характеристика
example: he began with a characteristic attack on extremism
definition: typical of a particular person, place, or thing.
antonyms: unusual
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: karəktəˈrɪstɪk
phonetics_text: karəktəˈrɪstɪk
synonyms:
typical|usual|normal|predictable|habitual|in character|distinctive|distinguishing|particular|special|especial|individual|specific|peculiar|idiosyncratic|singular|unique|exclusive|unmistakable|representative|symbolic|symptomatic|indicative|diagnostic

origin:
mid 17th century: from French caractéristique or medieval Latin characteristicus, from Greek kharaktēristikos, from kharaktēr ‘a stamping tool’.


word: CHARACTERIZE
russian_word: охарактеризовать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkarəktərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkarəktərʌɪz
example:
she characterized the period as the decade of revolution|the disease is characterized by weakening of the immune system

definition:
describe the distinctive nature or features of.|(of a feature or quality) be typical or characteristic of.

synonyms:
distinguish|make distinctive|mark|set apart|identify|specify|signalize|indicate|denote|designate|stamp|typify|pervade|permeate|suffuse|portray|depict|present|represent|describe|outline|delineate|show|draw|sketch|categorize|class|classify|style|brand

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘engrave, inscribe’): from French caractériser or medieval Latin characterizare, from Greek kharaktērizein, from kharaktēr ‘a stamping tool’.


word: CHARADE
russian_word: шарада
example: talk of unity was nothing more than a charade
definition: an absurd pretence intended to create a pleasant or respectable appearance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʃəˈrɑːd
phonetics_text: ʃəˈrɑːd
synonyms:
farce|pantomime|travesty|mockery|parody|pretence|act|masquerade|sham|fake|false display|show|front|facade|simulacrum

origin:
late 18th century: from French, from modern Provençal charrado ‘conversation’, from charra ‘chatter’, perhaps of imitative origin.


word: CHARGE
russian_word: взимать
antonyms: absolve
synonyms: ask in payment|ask|fix a charge|fix a price|impose|levy|expect|demand|exact|bill|invoice
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃɑːdʒ
phonetics_text: tʃɑːdʒ
example:
wedding planners may charge an hourly fee of up to £150|they were charged with assault|the committee was charged with reshaping the educational system|the shaver can be charged up and used while travelling|the plan is to charge headlong at the enemy|a pennant argent, charged with a cross gules

definition:
demand (an amount) as a price for a service rendered or goods supplied.|formally accuse (someone) of something, especially an offence under law.|entrust (someone) with a task as a duty or responsibility.|store electrical energy in (a battery or battery-operated device).|rush forward in attack.|place a heraldic bearing on.

origin:
Middle English (in the general senses ‘to load’ and ‘a load’), from Old French charger (verb), charge (noun), from late Latin carricare, carcare ‘to load’, from Latin carrus ‘wheeled vehicle’.


word: CHARIOTEER
russian_word: возница
definition: a chariot driver.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃarɪəˈtɪə
phonetics_text: tʃarɪəˈtɪə
origin:
Middle English: from Old French charieter, from chariot ‘large cart’ (see chariot). The sense in astronomy dates from the early 20th century.


word: CHARISMA
russian_word: харизма
example: he has tremendous charisma and stage presence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈrɪzmə
phonetics_text: kəˈrɪzmə
definition:
compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.|a divinely conferred power or talent.

synonyms:
charm|presence|aura|personality|force of personality|strength of character|individuality|magnetism|animal magnetism|drawing power|attractiveness|appeal|allure|pull|magic|spell|mystique|glamour

origin:
mid 17th century (in charisma (sense 2)): via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek kharisma, from kharis ‘favour, grace’.


word: CHARISMATIC
russian_word: харизматический
example: he was a charismatic figure with great appeal to the public
origin: late 19th century: from Greek kharisma, kharismat- ‘charisma’, + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: karɪzˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: karɪzˈmatɪk
definition:
exercising a compelling charm which inspires devotion in others.|relating to the charismatic movement in the Christian Church.

synonyms:
charming|fascinating|full of personality|strong in character|magnetic|mesmerizing|captivating|bewitching|beguiling|attractive|appealing|alluring|hypnotic|magical|glamorous


word: CHARITABLE
russian_word: благотворительный
example: he has spent £50,000 on charitable causes|those who were less charitable called for his resignation
definition: relating to the assistance of those in need.|apt to judge others leniently or favourably.
antonyms: uncharitable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃarɪtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈtʃarɪtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
philanthropic|humanitarian|humane|altruistic|benevolent|beneficent|welfare|public-spirited|socially concerned|doing good works|non-profit-making|non-profit|not-for-profit|almsgiving|eleemosynary

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘showing Christian love to God and man’): from Old French, from charite (see charity).


word: CHARITY
russian_word: благотворительность
antonyms: selfishness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃarɪti
phonetics_text: ˈtʃarɪti
example:
the charity provides practical help for homeless people|the care of the poor must not be left to private charity|she found it hard to look on her mother with much charity

definition:
an organization set up to provide help and raise money for those in need.|the voluntary giving of help, typically in the form of money, to those in need.|kindness and tolerance in judging others.

synonyms:
non-profit-making organization|non-profit organization|not-for-profit organization|voluntary organization|charitable institution|fund|trust|foundation|cause|movement

origin:
late Old English (in the sense ‘Christian love of one's fellows’): from Old French charite, from Latin caritas, from carus ‘dear’.


word: CHARIVARI
russian_word: гам
example: friends gave them a joyous charivari, with much banging and bell-ringing
origin: mid 17th century: from French, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʃɑːrɪˈvɑːri
phonetics_text: ˌʃɑːrɪˈvɑːri
definition:
a noisy mock serenade performed by a group of people to celebrate a marriage or mock an unpopular person.


word: CHARLATAN
russian_word: шарлатан
example: a self-confessed con artist and charlatan
definition: a person falsely claiming to have a special knowledge or skill.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃɑːlət(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈʃɑːlət(ə)n
synonyms:
quack|mountebank|sham|fraud|fake|humbug|impostor|pretender|masquerader|hoodwinker|hoaxer|cheat|deceiver|dissembler|double-dealer|double-crosser|trickster|confidence trickster|cheater|swindler|fraudster|racketeer|rogue|villain|scoundrel|phoney|sharper|sharp|shark|con man|con artist|hustler|flimflammer|flimflam man|twister|grifter|bunco artist|gold brick|chiseller|shicer|magsman|illywhacker|schlenter|confidence man/woman|defalcator|tregetour

origin:
early 17th century (denoting an itinerant seller of supposed remedies): from French, from Italian ciarlatano, from ciarlare ‘to babble’.


word: CHARLIE
russian_word: Чарли
example: what a bunch of charlies|they all took loads of charlie
origin: late 19th century: diminutive of the male given name Charles .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːli
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːli
definition:
a fool.|a woman's breasts.|cocaine.|a code word representing the letter C, used in radio communication.|a member of the Vietcong or the Vietcong collectively.


word: CHARLOTTE
russian_word: шарлотка
origin: French, from the female given name Charlotte .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃɑːlət
phonetics_text: ˈʃɑːlət
definition:
a pudding made of stewed fruit with a casing or covering of bread, sponge cake, biscuits, or breadcrumbs.


word: CHARM
russian_word: очарование
antonyms: unattractiveness
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: tʃɑːm
phonetics_text: tʃɑːm
example:
his charm has captivated the media|the trinkets were charms from his wife's bracelet|the charm begins with ritual instructions

definition:
the power or quality of delighting, attracting, or fascinating others.|a small ornament worn on a necklace or bracelet.|an object, act, or saying believed to have magic power.|a characteristic property of certain subatomic particles (specifically charm quarks, charm antiquarks, and hadrons containing these), expressed as a quantum number.

synonyms:
attractiveness|beauty|glamour|prettiness|loveliness|appeal|allure|desirability|seductiveness|magnetism|sexual magnetism|animal magnetism|charisma|wiles|blandishments|enticement|bonniness|gorgeousness|pulling power|come-on|comeliness|pull|draw|drawing power|attraction|fascination|captivation|pleasingness|delightfulness

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘incantation or magic spell’ and ‘to use spells’): from Old French charme (noun), charmer (verb), from Latin carmen ‘song, verse, incantation’.


word: CHARMING
russian_word: очаровательный
example: a charming country cottage
definition: very pleasant or attractive.
antonyms: repulsive
part_of_speech: adjective|exclamation
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ
synonyms:
delightful|pleasing|pleasant|agreeable|likeable|endearing|lovely|lovable|adorable|cute|sweet|appealing|attractive|good-looking|prepossessing|striking|alluring|delectable|ravishing|winning|winsome|fetching|captivating|engaging|enchanting|entrancing|fascinating|bewitching|beguiling|spellbinding|hypnotizing|mesmerizing|seductive|desirable|tempting|inviting|irresistible|dreamy|heavenly|divine|adorbs|gorgeous|smashing|easy on the eye|as nice as pie|babelicious|bodacious|on fleek|taking|beauteous|fair|comely


word: CHART
russian_word: диаграмма
example: the doctor recorded her blood pressure on a chart
definition: a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram.
origin: late 16th century: from French charte, from Latin charta ‘paper, papyrus leaf’ (see card1).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃɑːt
phonetics_text: tʃɑːt
synonyms:
graph|table|tabulation|grid|histogram|diagram|guide|scheme|figure|illustration|bar chart|pie chart|flow chart|map|plan|blueprint|graphic


word: CHARTER
russian_word: чартер
example: the town received a charter from the Emperor|a plane on charter to a multinational company
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːtə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːtə
definition:
a written grant by the sovereign or legislative power of a country, by which a body such as a city, company, or university is founded or its rights and privileges defined.|the hiring of an aircraft, ship, or motor vehicle for a special purpose.

synonyms:
authority|authorization|sanction|covenant|dispensation|consent|permission|sufferance|prerogative|privilege|right|droit|permit|licence|warrant|warranty|deed|bond|document|indenture|concession|franchise

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chartre, from Latin chartula, diminutive of charta ‘paper’ (see card1).


word: CHARTISM
russian_word: чартизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɑːtɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɑːtɪz(ə)m
definition:
a UK parliamentary reform movement of 1837–48, the principles of which were set out in a manifesto called The People's Charter and called for universal suffrage for men, equal electoral districts, voting by secret ballot, abolition of property qualifications for MPs, and annual general elections.|the use of charts of financial data to predict future trends and to guide investment strategies.


word: CHARY
russian_word: скупой
example: she had been chary of telling the whole truth
definition: cautiously or suspiciously reluctant to do something.
antonyms: heedless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɛːri
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛːri
synonyms:
wary|cautious|circumspect|heedful|careful|on one's guard|guarded|mindful|watchful|distrustful|mistrustful|doubtful|sceptical|suspicious|dubious|hesitant|reluctant|disinclined|loath|averse|shy|nervous|apprehensive|uneasy|afraid|leery|cagey|iffy|on one's toes

origin:
Old English cearig  ‘sorrowful, anxious’, of West Germanic origin; related to care. The current sense arose in the mid 16th century.


word: CHASE
russian_word: погоня
antonyms: run away from
synonyms: pursue|run after|follow|hunt|track|trail|give chase to|be hot on someone's heels|tail
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃeɪs
phonetics_text: tʃeɪs
example:
police chased the stolen car through the city|she chased him out of the house|the company employs people to chase up debts

definition:
pursue in order to catch or catch up with.|drive or cause to go in a specified direction.|try to obtain (something owed or required).

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chacier (verb), chace (noun), based on Latin captare ‘continue to take’, from capere ‘take’.


word: CHASM
russian_word: пропасть
example: a chasm a mile long
definition: a deep fissure in the earth's surface.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkaz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkaz(ə)m
synonyms:
gorge|abyss|canyon|ravine|gully|gulf|pass|defile|couloir|crevasse|cleft|rift|rent|pit|void|crater|cavity|hole|opening|gap|fissure|crevice|hollow|chine|bunny|clough|gill|thrutch|cleuch|heugh|gulch|coulee|flume|arroyo|barranca|quebrada|nullah|khud|sloot|kloof|donga|khor

origin:
late 16th century (denoting an opening up of the sea or land, as in an earthquake): from Latin chasma, from Greek khasma ‘gaping hollow’.


word: CHASSIS
russian_word: шасси
definition: the base frame of a car, carriage, or other wheeled vehicle.
origin: early 20th century: from French châssis ‘frame’, based on Latin capsa ‘box’ (see case2).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃasi
phonetics_text: ˈʃasi
synonyms:
framework|frame|skeleton|shell|casing|structure|substructure|bodywork|body|fuselage|hull|keel|anatomy|carcass


word: CHASTE
russian_word: целомудренный
example: what is required of celibate Catholic clergy is to remain chaste
definition: abstaining from extramarital, or from all, sexual intercourse.
antonyms: promiscuous|immoral
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin castus .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: tʃeɪst
phonetics_text: tʃeɪst
synonyms:
virginal|virgin|intact|maidenly|maiden|unmarried|unwed|celibate|abstinent|self-restrained|self-denying|nunlike|innocent|pure|pure as the driven snow|guiltless|sinless|free of sin|uncorrupted|incorrupt|uncontaminated|undefiled|unsullied|virtuous|good|decent|moral|proper|decorous|demure|modest|wholesome|upright|squeaky clean|immaculate|vestal|continent


word: CHASTEN
russian_word: карать
example: the director was somewhat chastened by his recent flops
definition: (of a rebuke or misfortune) have a restraining or moderating effect on.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈtʃeɪs(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈtʃeɪs(ə)n
synonyms:
subdue|humble|cow|squash|deflate|flatten|bring down|bring low|take down a peg or two|humiliate|mortify|restrain|tame|curb|check|cut down to size|put down|put someone in their place|settle someone's hash

origin:
early 16th century: from an obsolete verb chaste, from Old French chastier, from Latin castigare ‘castigate’, from castus ‘morally pure, chaste’.


word: CHASTISE
russian_word: наказывать
example: he chastised his colleagues for their laziness
definition: rebuke or reprimand severely.
antonyms: praise
origin: Middle English: apparently formed irregularly from the obsolete verb chaste (see chasten).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: tʃaˈstʌɪz
phonetics_text: tʃaˈstʌɪz
synonyms:
scold|upbraid|berate|reprimand|reprove|rebuke|admonish|chide|censure|castigate|lambast|lecture|criticize|pull up|take to task|haul over the coals|bring to book|tell off|give someone a telling-off|dress down|give someone a dressing-down|bawl out|blow up at|give someone an earful|give someone a caning|give someone a roasting|give someone a rocket|give someone a rollicking|slap someone's wrist|rap over the knuckles|throw the book at|read someone the Riot Act|let someone have it|give someone hell|carpet|monster|tear someone off a strip|tick off|have a go at|give someone a mouthful|give someone what for|give someone some stick|give someone a wigging|chew out|ream out|trim|rate|give someone a rating|chasten|recompense|visit|reprehend|objurgate|bollock|give someone a bollocking|tear someone a new arsehole|rip someone a new arsehole|tear someone a new asshole|rip someone a new asshole


word: CHASTITY
russian_word: целомудрие
example: vows of chastity
definition: the state or practice of refraining from extramarital, or especially from all, sexual intercourse.
antonyms: promiscuity|immorality
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃastɪti
phonetics_text: ˈtʃastɪti
synonyms:
celibacy|chasteness|virginity|abstinence|self-restraint|self-denial|singleness|maidenhood|the unmarried state|innocence|purity|virtue|goodness|decency|morality|decorum|modesty|wholesomeness|immaculateness|continence

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chastete, from Latin castitas, from castus ‘morally pure’ (see chaste).


word: CHASUBLE
russian_word: риза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃazjʊb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈtʃazjʊb(ə)l
definition:
an ornate sleeveless outer vestment worn by a Catholic or High Anglican priest when celebrating Mass.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chesible, later chasuble, from late Latin casubla, alteration of Latin casula ‘hooded cloak or little cottage’, diminutive of casa ‘house’.


word: CHAT
russian_word: чат
example: she chatted to her mother on the phone every day
definition: talk in a friendly and informal way.
origin: Middle English: shortening of chatter.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃat
phonetics_text: tʃat
synonyms:
talk|gossip|chatter|chitter-chatter|speak|converse|have a conversation|engage in conversation|tittle-tattle|prattle|jabber|jibber-jabber|babble|prate|go on|run on|communicate|talk nineteen to the dozen|slabber|gas|have a confab|jaw|chew the rag|chew the fat|yap|yak|yackety-yak|yabber|gabber|yatter|yammer|powwow|natter|witter|rabbit|chunter|waffle|have a chinwag|chinwag|shoot the breeze|visit|mag|confabulate|twaddle|twattle|clack|claver


word: CHATEAUBRIAND
russian_word: Шатобриан
definition: a thick fillet of beef steak.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʃatəʊˈbriːɒ̃
phonetics_text: ˌʃatəʊˈbriːɒ̃
origin:
late 19th century: named after François-René, Vicomte de Chateaubriand (see Chateaubriand, François-René), whose chef is said to have created the dish.


word: CHATELAIN
russian_word: Шателен
definition: another term for castellan.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃatəleɪn
phonetics_text: ˈʃatəleɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French chastelain, from medieval Latin castellanus ‘castellan’, from Latin castellum (see castle).


word: CHAT SHOW
russian_word: интервью
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a television or radio programme in which celebrities are invited to talk informally about various topics.


word: CHATTER
russian_word: болтовня
example: she was chattering about her holiday
definition: talk informally about unimportant matters.
origin: Middle English: imitative.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈtʃatə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃatə
synonyms:
chat|talk|gossip|chitter-chatter|speak|converse|have a conversation|engage in conversation|tittle-tattle|prattle|jabber|jibber-jabber|babble|prate|go on|run on|communicate|talk nineteen to the dozen|slabber|gas|have a confab|jaw|chew the rag|chew the fat|yap|yak|yackety-yak|yabber|gabber|yatter|yammer|natter|witter|rabbit|chunter|waffle|have a chinwag|chinwag|shoot the breeze|visit|mag|confabulate|twaddle|twattle|clack|claver


word: CHATTERBOX
russian_word: болтун
definition: a person who likes to chatter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃatəbɒks
phonetics_text: ˈtʃatəbɒks
synonyms:
talker|chatterer|jabberer|babbler|prattler|blatherer|prater|tittle-tattler|tattler|gossip|gossiper|gossipmonger|conversationalist|blatherskite|windbag|gasbag|gabber|big mouth|loudmouth|blabbermouth|natterer


word: CHATTY
russian_word: болтливый
example: the driver was very chatty
definition: readily engaging in informal talk.
antonyms: taciturn
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃati
phonetics_text: ˈtʃati
synonyms:
talkative|communicative|expansive|forthcoming|open|unreserved|gossipy|gossiping|garrulous|loquacious|voluble|verbose|effusive|gushing|glib|mouthy|gabby|windy|gassy|talky|multiloquent|multiloquous


word: CHAUVINISM
russian_word: шовинизм
definition: exaggerated or aggressive patriotism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃəʊv(ɪ)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈʃəʊv(ɪ)nɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
jingoism|excessive patriotism|blind patriotism|excessive nationalism|sectarianism|isolationism|excessive loyalty|flag-waving|xenophobia|racism|racialism|racial prejudice|ethnocentrism|ethnocentricity|partisanship|partiality|prejudice|bias|discrimination|intolerance|bigotry|male chauvinism|sexism|misogyny|toxic masculinity

origin:
late 19th century: named after Nicolas Chauvin, a Napoleonic veteran noted for his extreme patriotism, popularized as a character by the Cogniard brothers in Cocarde Tricolore (1831).


word: CHAV
russian_word: чав
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃav
phonetics_text: tʃav
definition:
a young person of a type characterized by brash and loutish behaviour (usually with connotations of a low social status).

origin:
1990s: probably from Romani chavo ‘boy, youth’ or chavvy ‘baby, child’: sometimes said to have originated in Chatham, Kent, and to be a shortening of that name.


word: CHEAP
russian_word: дешево
example: local buses were reliable and cheap|her moment of cheap triumph
antonyms: expensive
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: tʃiːp
phonetics_text: tʃiːp
definition:
low in price, especially in relation to similar items or services.|of little worth because achieved in a discreditable way requiring little effort.

synonyms:
inexpensive|low-priced|low-price|low-cost|economical|economic|competitive|affordable|reasonable|reasonably priced|moderately priced|keenly priced|budget|economy|cheap and cheerful|bargain|cut-rate|cut-price|half-price|sale-price|sale|reduced|on special offer|marked down|discounted|discount|rock-bottom|giveaway|bargain-basement|slashed|going for a song|dirt cheap|bargainous

origin:
late 15th century: from an obsolete phrase good cheap  ‘a good bargain’, from Old English cēap  ‘bargaining, trade’, based on Latin caupo ‘small trader, innkeeper’.


word: CHEAPEN
russian_word: дешеветь
example: the depreciation of the dollar would cheapen US exports
definition: reduce the price of.
antonyms: raise
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈtʃiːp(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈtʃiːp(ə)n
synonyms:
reduce|lower|lower in price|cut|mark down|discount|depreciate|devalue|depress|put down|keep down|slash|axe


word: CHEAT
russian_word: обманывать
example: she always cheats at cards|she cheated death in a spectacular crash
origin: late Middle English: shortening of escheat (the original sense).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃiːt
phonetics_text: tʃiːt
definition:
act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage.|avoid (something undesirable) by luck or skill.

synonyms:
avoid|escape|evade|elude|steer clear of|dodge|duck|miss|sidestep|bypass|skirt|shun|eschew|foil|frustrate|thwart|balk|defeat


word: CHECK
russian_word: проверять
part_of_speech: verb|noun|exclamation
phonetic: tʃɛk
phonetics_text: tʃɛk
example:
customs officers have the right to check all luggage|efforts were made to check the disease|I checked my bag and got my boarding pass|users who want privacy should check the box that prevents your files from being shared|he moves his knight to check my king again

definition:
examine (something) in order to determine its accuracy, quality, or condition, or to detect the presence of something.|stop or slow the progress of (something, typically something undesirable).|(of a passenger) consign (baggage) to the care of the transport provider with whom they are travelling.|mark or click on (a box) in order to select a particular option on a form, questionnaire, etc.|move a piece or pawn to a square where it attacks (the opposing king).|(in poker) choose not to make a bet when called upon, allowing another player to do so instead.|(of a hound) pause to make sure of or regain a scent.

synonyms:
examine|inspect|look at|look over|scrutinize|scan|survey|study|investigate|research|probe|dissect|explore|look into|inquire into|go into|go over with a fine-tooth comb|check out|test|monitor|review|give something a/the once-over|give something a look-see|give something a going-over

origin:
Middle English (originally as used in the game of chess): the noun and exclamation from Old French eschec, from medieval Latin scaccus, via Arabic from Persian šāh ‘king’; the verb from Old French eschequier ‘play chess, put in check’. The sense ‘stop or control’ arose from the use in chess, and led (in the late 17th century) to ‘examine the accuracy of’.


word: CHECKOUT
russian_word: контроль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛkaʊt
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛkaʊt
example:
shelves near the checkout point often contain sweets, books, or magazines|any extra charges will be settled with guests on checkout

definition:
a point at which goods are paid for in a supermarket or similar store.|the administrative procedure followed when a guest leaves a hotel at the end of their stay.


word: CHECK OUT
russian_word: проверять
synonyms: leave|vacate|depart from|exit from|take one's leave from|pay the bill|pay up|settle up
example:
don't forget to hand in your room key when you check out|they decided to go and check out a local restaurant|his claims simply did not check out|cashiers are told they must smile as they check out each item and present the bill

definition:
settle one's hotel bill before leaving.|establish the truth or inform oneself about someone or something.|prove to be true or correct.|enter the price of goods in a supermarket into a cash machine.


word: CHECKPOINT
russian_word: контрольно-пропускной пункт
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛkpɔɪnt
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛkpɔɪnt
definition:
a barrier or manned entrance, typically at a border, where security checks are carried out on travellers.


word: CHECKSUM
russian_word: Контрольная
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛksʌm
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛksʌm
definition:
a digit representing the sum of the correct digits in a piece of stored or transmitted digital data, against which later comparisons can be made to detect errors in the data.


word: CHEEK
russian_word: щека
example: tears rolled down her cheeks|he had the cheek to complain
definition: either side of the face below the eye.|talk or behaviour regarded as rude or lacking in respect.
antonyms: politeness
origin: Old English cē(a)ce, cēoce ‘cheek, jaw’, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch kaak .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃiːk
phonetics_text: tʃiːk
synonyms:
impudence|impertinence|insolence|cheekiness|audacity|temerity|brazenness|presumption|effrontery|nerve|gall|pertness|boldness|shamelessness|impoliteness|disrespect|bad manners|unmannerliness|overfamiliarity|answering back|talking back|brass|brass neck|neck|face|lip|mouth|cockiness|sauce|snash|sass|sassiness|nerviness|chutzpah|back talk|hide|crust|backchat|malapertness|contumely|procacity|assumption


word: CHEEK
russian_word: щека
example: Frankie always got away with cheeking his elders
definition: speak impertinently to.
origin: Old English cē(a)ce, cēoce ‘cheek, jaw’, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch kaak .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: tʃiːk
phonetics_text: tʃiːk
synonyms:
answer back to|talk back to|be cheeky to|be impertinent to|contradict|argue with|disagree with|backchat|sass|be sassy to


word: CHEEKY
russian_word: нахальный
example: a cheeky grin
definition: showing a lack of respect or politeness in a way that is amusing or appealing.
antonyms: respectful|polite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃiːki
phonetics_text: ˈtʃiːki
synonyms:
impudent|impertinent|insolent|presumptuous|forward|pert|bold|bold as brass|brazen|brazen-faced|shameless|audacious|overfamiliar|irreverent|discourteous|disrespectful|insubordinate|impolite|bad-mannered|ill-mannered|unmannerly|mannerless|rude|insulting|brass-necked|cocky|lippy|mouthy|fresh|flip|saucy|smart-arsed|sassy|nervy|smart-assed|malapert|contumelious|presumptive|assumptive


word: CHEER
russian_word: ура
example: she cheered from the sidelines|he seemed greatly cheered by my arrival
definition: shout for joy or in praise or encouragement.|give comfort or support to.
antonyms: discourage
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃɪə
phonetics_text: tʃɪə
synonyms:
encourage|urge on|spur on|drive on|motivate|rally|inspire|fire|fire up|give someone a lift|keep someone going|see someone through|root for|light a fire under|inspirit

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chiere ‘face’, from late Latin cara, from Greek kara ‘head’. The original sense was ‘face’, hence ‘expression, mood’, later specifically ‘a good mood’.


word: CHEERFUL
russian_word: веселый
example: how can she be so cheerful at six o'clock in the morning?
definition: noticeably happy and optimistic.
antonyms: sad
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɪəfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪəfʊl|ˈtʃɪəf(ə)l
synonyms:
happy|jolly|merry|bright|glad|sunny|joyful|joyous|light-hearted|in good spirits|in high spirits|sparkling|bubbly|exuberant|ebullient|cock-a-hoop|elated|gleeful|breezy|airy|cheery|sprightly|jaunty|animated|radiant|smiling|grinning|laughing|mirthful|frolicsome|jovial|genial|good-humoured|happy-go-lucky|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|buoyant|optimistic|hopeful|full of hope|positive|content|contented|upbeat|chipper|chirpy|peppy|smiley|sparky|zippy|zingy|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|full of vim and vigour|peart|gay|jocund|gladsome|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer


word: CHEERIO
russian_word: за ваше здоровье
example: cheerio, see you on Saturday
definition: used as an expression of good wishes on parting; goodbye.
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: tʃɪərɪˈəʊ
phonetics_text: tʃɪərɪˈəʊ
synonyms:
goodbye|farewell|adieu|check you|hooray|au revoir|auf Wiedersehen|ciao|adios|sayonara|vale|bye|bye-bye|so long|see you|see you later|catch you later|cheers|ta-ta|ta-ra|later|laters|pip pip|toodle-oo


word: CHEERLEADING
russian_word: черлидинг
example: she started cheerleading last year after a background in dance
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɪəliːdɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪəliːdɪŋ
definition:
a sport involving the performance of organized cheering, chanting, and dancing in support of a sports team at matches.


word: CHEERLESS
russian_word: унылый
example: the corridors were ill-lit and cheerless
definition: gloomy; depressing.
antonyms: cheerful|cosy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɪəlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪəlɪs
synonyms:
gloomy|dreary|dull|dismal|bleak|drab|grim|sombre|dark|dim|dingy|funereal|austere|stark|bare|desolate|comfortless|miserable|wretched|joyless|unhappy|depressing|disheartening|dispiriting|unwelcoming|uninviting|inhospitable|bland|clinical|institutional|impersonal


word: CHEERS
russian_word: ура
example: ‘Cheers,’ she said, raising her glass|‘Cheers, Jack, see you later.’
definition: expressing good wishes before drinking.|expressing good wishes on parting or ending a conversation.
part_of_speech: exclamation
phonetic: tʃɪəz
phonetics_text: tʃɪəz
synonyms:
here's to you|good health|your health|here's health|skol|good luck|slainte|prost|prosit|salut|salud|bottoms up|down the hatch|here's mud in your eye|cheerio|chin-chin|here's how


word: CHEER UP
russian_word: повеселеть
example: he cheered up at the sight of the food
definition: become less miserable.
antonyms: feel depressed|depress
synonyms:
perk up|brighten (up)|become more cheerful|pick up|liven up|become livelier|rally|revive|bounce back|take heart|be heartened|take on a new lease of life|buck up|raise someone's spirits|make happier|make more cheerful|buoy up|enliven|animate|hearten|gladden|uplift|give a lift to|encourage|comfort|solace|console|pep up|inspirit


word: CHEERY
russian_word: веселый
example: a cheery smile
definition: happy and optimistic.
antonyms: gloomy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɪəri
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪəri
synonyms:
jolly|happy|merry|bright|cheerful|glad|sunny|joyful|joyous|light-hearted|in high spirits|sparkling|bubbly|exuberant|ebullient|cock-a-hoop|elated|blissful|ecstatic|euphoric|gleeful|breezy|airy|sprightly|jaunty|animated|radiant|smiling|grinning|laughing|mirthful|frolicsome|happy-go-lucky|in good spirits|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|buoyant|optimistic|hopeful|full of hope|positive|content|upbeat|chipper|chirpy|smiley|peppy|sparky|zippy|zingy|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|full of vim and vigour|peart|gay|gladsome|jocund|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer


word: CHEESECAKE
russian_word: чизкейк
example: a cheesecake photo of herself wearing a silly hat and little else
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃiːzkeɪk
phonetics_text: ˈtʃiːzkeɪk
definition:
a kind of rich sweet tart made with cream and soft cheese on a biscuit base.|images portraying women in a manner which emphasizes idealized or stereotypical sexual attractiveness.


word: CHEESECLOTH
russian_word: марля
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃiːzklɒθ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃiːzklɒθ
definition:
thin, loosely woven, unsized cotton cloth, used typically for light clothing and in preparing or protecting food.


word: CHEF
russian_word: шеф-повар
definition: a professional cook, typically the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel.
origin: early 19th century: French, literally ‘head’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ʃɛf
phonetics_text: ʃɛf
synonyms:
cook|cordon bleu cook|food preparer|head chef|sous chef|commis chef|chef de cuisine|chef de partie|pastry cook|saucier|short-order cook


word: CHELA
russian_word: клешня
origin: mid 17th century: modern Latin, from Latin chele or Greek khēlē ‘claw’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkiːlə
phonetics_text: ˈkiːlə
definition:
each of a pair of hinged pincer-like claws terminating the anterior limbs of a crab, lobster, or scorpion, typically curved and sharply pointed and used for feeding, defence, and courtship.


word: CHELATE
russian_word: хелат
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈkiːleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkiːleɪt
definition:
a compound containing a ligand (typically organic) bonded to a central metal atom at two or more points.


word: CHELICERA
russian_word: хелицеры
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek khēlē ‘claw’ + keras ‘horn’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɪs(ə)rə
phonetics_text: kəˈlɪs(ə)rə
definition:
either of a pair of appendages in front of the mouth in arachnids and some other arthropods, usually modified as pincer-like claws.


word: CHEMOSTAT
russian_word: хемостат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkiːmə(ʊ)stat
phonetics_text: ˈkiːmə(ʊ)stat|ˈkɛmə(ʊ)stat
definition:
a system in which the chemical composition is kept at a controlled level, especially for the culture of microorganisms.


word: CHEMOSYNTHESIS
russian_word: хемосинтез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkiːmə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌkiːmə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθɪsɪs|ˌkɛmə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθɪsɪs
definition:
the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.


word: CHEMOTAXIS
russian_word: хемотаксис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkiːmə(ʊ)ˈtaksɪs
phonetics_text: ˌkiːmə(ʊ)ˈtaksɪs|ˌkɛmə(ʊ)ˈtaksɪs
definition:
movement of a motile cell or organism, or part of one, in a direction corresponding to a gradient of increasing or decreasing concentration of a particular substance.


word: CHENILLE
russian_word: синель
definition: a tufty, velvety cord or yarn, used for trimming furniture and made into carpets or clothing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʃəˈniːl
phonetics_text: ʃəˈniːl
origin:
mid 18th century: from French, literally ‘hairy caterpillar’, from Latin canicula ‘small dog’, diminutive of canis .


word: CHEQUER
russian_word: шашка
example: a geometric shape bordered by chequers
definition: a pattern of squares, typically alternately coloured.|the game of draughts.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈtʃɛkə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛkə
origin:
Middle English: from exchequer. The original sense ‘chessboard’ gave rise to chequered meaning ‘marked like a chessboard’; hence the sense ‘pattern of squares’ (early 16th century).


word: CHEQUERBOARD
russian_word: шахматным
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛkəbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛkəbɔːd
definition:
a board for playing checkers (draughts) and similar games, having a regular pattern of squares in alternating colours, typically black and white.


word: CHEQUERED
russian_word: клетчатый
example: a blue and white chequered tablecloth|the chequered history of post-war Britain
synonyms: checked|multicoloured|many-coloured|harlequin|varicoloured|particoloured
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɛkəd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛkəd
definition:
having a pattern consisting of alternating squares of different colours.|marked by periods of varied fortune or discreditable incidents.


word: CHERIMOYA
russian_word: черимойя
origin: mid 18th century: from Spanish, from Quechua, from chiri ‘cold or refreshing’ + muya ‘circle’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌtʃɛrɪˈmɔɪə
phonetics_text: ˌtʃɛrɪˈmɔɪə
definition:
a kind of custard apple with scaly green skin and a flavour resembling that of pineapple.|the small tree which bears the cherimoya fruit, native to the Andes of Peru and Ecuador.


word: CHERISH
russian_word: лелеять
example: he needed a woman he could cherish
definition: protect and care for (someone) lovingly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈtʃɛrɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛrɪʃ
synonyms:
adore|hold dear|love|care very much for|feel great affection for|dote on|be devoted to|revere|esteem|admire|appreciate|think the world of|set great store by|hold in high esteem|care for|look after|tend|protect|preserve|shelter|keep safe|support|nurture|cosset|indulge|put on a pedestal

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘treat with affection’): from Old French cheriss-, lengthened stem of cherir, from cher ‘dear’, from Latin carus .


word: CHERNOZEM
russian_word: чернозем
origin: mid 19th century: from Russian, from chërnyĭ ‘black’ + zemlya ‘earth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃəːnəzɛm
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəːnəzɛm
definition:
a fertile black soil rich in humus and with a lighter lime-rich layer beneath, typically occurring in the temperate grasslands of the Russian steppes and North American prairies.


word: CHERT
russian_word: черт
origin: late 17th century (originally dialect): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃəːt
phonetics_text: tʃəːt
definition:
a hard, dark, opaque rock composed of silica (chalcedony) with an amorphous or microscopically fine-grained texture. It occurs as nodules (flint) or, less often, in massive beds.


word: CHERUB
russian_word: херувим
synonyms: angel|seraph
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛrəb
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛrəb
definition:
a winged angelic being described in biblical tradition as attending on God, represented in ancient Middle Eastern art as a lion or bull with eagles' wings and a human face and regarded in traditional Christian angelology as an angel of the second highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy.

origin:
Old English cherubin, ultimately (via Latin and Greek) from Hebrew kĕrūḇ, plural kĕrūḇīm . A rabbinic folk etymology, which explains the Hebrew singular form as representing Aramaic kĕ-raḇyā ‘like a child’, led to the representation of the cherub as a child.


word: CHERUBIC
russian_word: розовощекий
example: a round, cherubic face
definition: having the innocence or plump prettiness of a young child.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: tʃɪˈruːbɪk
phonetics_text: tʃɪˈruːbɪk
synonyms:
angelic|sweet|cute|attractive|adorable|appealing|lovable|lovely|innocent|seraphic|saintly|butter-wouldn't-melt|adorbs


word: CHERVIL
russian_word: кервель
origin: Old English, from Latin chaerephylla, from Greek khairephullon .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃəːvɪl
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəːvɪl
definition:
a Eurasian plant of the parsley family, with delicate fernlike leaves that are used as a culinary herb.


word: CHESS
russian_word: шахматы
origin: Middle English: from Old French esches, plural of eschec ‘a check’ (see check1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃɛs
phonetics_text: tʃɛs
definition:
a board game of strategic skill for two players, played on a chequered board on which each playing piece is moved according to precise rules. The object is to put the opponent's king under a direct attack from which escape is impossible ( checkmate ).


word: CHESSBOARD
russian_word: шахматная доска
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛsbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛsbɔːd
definition:
a square board divided into sixty-four alternating dark and light squares (conventionally called ‘black’ and ‘white’), used for playing chess or draughts (checkers).


word: CHEST
russian_word: грудь
example: she crossed her arms across her chest|an oak chest
synonyms: breast|upper body|body|torso|trunk|thorax|sternum
origin: Old English cest, cyst, related to Dutch kist and German Kiste, based on Greek kistē ‘box’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃɛst
phonetics_text: tʃɛst
definition:
the front surface of a person's or animal's body between the neck and the stomach.|a large strong box, typically made of wood and used for storage or transport.


word: CHEST OF DRAWERS
russian_word: комод
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a piece of furniture used for storage, consisting of an upright frame into which drawers are fitted.


word: CHETNIK
russian_word: четников
origin: early 20th century: from Serbian četnik, from četa ‘band, troop’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɛtnɪk
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɛtnɪk
definition:
a member of a Serbian nationalist guerrilla force in the Balkans, especially during the Second World War.


word: CHEVET
russian_word: Шеве
origin: early 19th century: from French, literally ‘pillow’, from Latin capitium, from caput ‘head’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʃəˈveɪ
phonetics_text: ʃəˈveɪ
definition:
(in large churches) an apse with an ambulatory giving access behind the high altar to a series of chapels set in bays.


word: CHEVRON
russian_word: шеврон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃɛvrən
phonetics_text: ˈʃɛvrən
definition:
a V-shaped line or stripe, especially one on the sleeve of a uniform indicating rank or length of service.

origin:
late Middle English (in heraldic use): from Old French, based on Latin caper ‘goat’; compare with Latin capreoli (diminutive of caper ) used to mean ‘pair of rafters’.


word: CHEW
russian_word: жевать
example: he was chewing a mouthful of toast
definition: bite and work (food) in the mouth with the teeth, especially to make it easier to swallow.
origin: Old English cēowan, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch kauwen and German kauen .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃuː
phonetics_text: tʃuː
synonyms:
masticate|munch|champ|chomp|crunch|bite|nibble|gnaw|grind|eat|consume|devour|manducate|triturate|chumble


word: CHIA
russian_word: чиа
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌtʃɪə
phonetics_text: ˌtʃɪə
definition:
the small oval dark or pale brown seed of a flowering plant of the mint family, used in various foods to add fibre and micronutrients.|either of the plants from which chia seeds are obtained.


word: CHIASMA
russian_word: хиазма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kʌɪˈazmə
phonetics_text: kʌɪˈazmə|kɪˈazmə
definition:
the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross over each other.|a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands.

origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek chiasma ‘crosspiece, cross-shaped mark’, from khiazein ‘mark with the letter chi’.


word: CHIASMUS
russian_word: хиазм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kʌɪˈazməs
phonetics_text: kʌɪˈazməs|kɪˈazməs
definition:
a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order.

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘crosswise arrangement’): modern Latin, from Greek khiasmos, from khiazein ‘mark with the letter chi’, from khi ‘chi’.


word: CHIC
russian_word: шик
example: she looked every inch the chic Frenchwoman
definition: elegantly and stylishly fashionable.
antonyms: unfashionable
origin: mid 19th century: from French, probably from German Schick ‘skill’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ʃiːk
phonetics_text: ʃiːk
synonyms:
stylish|smart|elegant|sophisticated|dapper|debonair|dashing|trim|tasteful|understated|attractive|flattering|fashionable|high-fashion|modish|voguish|in vogue|up to date|up to the minute|ultra-modern|contemporary|à la mode|trendy|with it|now|sharp|snappy|snazzy|natty|dressy|swish|fly|spiffy|sassy|kicky|tony|stylin'|on fleek|trig


word: CHICANERY
russian_word: крючкотворство
example: storylines packed with political chicanery
definition: the use of deception or subterfuge to achieve one's purpose.
origin: late 16th century: from French chicanerie, from chicaner ‘to quibble’ (see chicane).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʃɪˈkeɪnəri
phonetics_text: ʃɪˈkeɪnəri
synonyms:
trickery|deception|deceit|deceitfulness|duplicity|dishonesty|unscrupulousness|underhandedness|subterfuge|fraud|fraudulence|legerdemain|sophistry|sharp practice|skulduggery|swindling|cheating|duping|hoodwinking|deviousness|guile|intrigue|palace intrigue|craft|craftiness|artfulness|slyness|wiles|misleading talk|crookedness|monkey business|funny business|hanky-panky|shenanigans|flimflam|jiggery-pokery|monkeyshines|codology|management|knavery


word: CHICKADEE
russian_word: синица-гаичка
origin: mid 19th century: imitative of its call.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪkədiː
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪkədiː
definition:
a North American titmouse, in particular: the black-capped chickadee ( Parus atricapillus ), with distinctive black cap and throat, and the similar but smaller Carolina chickadee ( P. carolinensis ).


word: CHICKENPOX
russian_word: ветряная оспа
origin: early 18th century: probably so named because of its mildness, as compared to smallpox.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪkɪnpɒks
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪkɪnpɒks
definition:
an infectious disease causing a mild fever and a rash of itchy inflamed pimples which turn to blisters and then loose scabs. It is caused by the herpes zoster virus and mainly affects children.


word: CHICKPEA
russian_word: нута
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪkpiː
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪkpiː
definition:
a round yellowish edible seed, widely used as a pulse.|the Old World plant of the pea family which bears chickpeas.

origin:
early 18th century (earlier as chiche-pease ): from late Middle English chiche (from Old French chiche, cice, from Latin cicer ‘chickpea’) + pease.


word: CHICKWEED
russian_word: песчанка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪkwiːd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪkwiːd
definition:
a small, widespread, white-flowered plant of the pink family, often growing as a garden weed, and sometimes eaten by poultry.


word: CHICLE
russian_word: чикл
origin: via Latin American Spanish, from Nahuatl tzictli .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪk(ə)l|ˈtʃɪkli
definition:
the milky latex of the sapodilla tree, formerly chewed by the Aztecs and now used to make chewing gum.


word: CHICORY
russian_word: цикорий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪk(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪk(ə)ri
definition:
a blue-flowered Mediterranean plant of the daisy family, cultivated for its edible salad leaves and carrot-shaped root.|another term for endive.

origin:
late Middle English: from obsolete French cicorée (earlier form of chicorée ) ‘endive’, via Latin from Greek kikhorion .


word: CHIDE
russian_word: упрекать
example: she chided him for not replying to her letters
definition: scold or rebuke.
antonyms: praise
origin: Old English cīdan, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: tʃʌɪd
phonetics_text: tʃʌɪd
synonyms:
scold|chastise|upbraid|berate|castigate|lambast|rebuke|reprimand|reproach|reprove|admonish|remonstrate with|lecture|criticize|censure|call to account|take to task|pull up|go on at|read someone the Riot Act|haul someone over the coals|tell off|give someone a telling-off|dress down|give someone a dressing-down|give someone an earful|give someone a roasting|give someone a talking-to|give someone a rocket|give someone a rollicking|rap|rap over the knuckles|slap someone's wrist|let someone have it|bawl out|give someone hell|come down on|blow up at|pitch into|lay into|lace into|tear into|give someone a caning|put on the mat|slap down|blast|rag|keelhaul|tick off|have a go at|carpet|monster|give someone a mouthful|tear someone off a strip|give someone what for|give someone some stick|wig|give someone a wigging|give someone a row|row|chew out|ream out|take to the woodshed|call down|rate|give someone a rating|trim|reprehend|objurgate|bollock|give someone a bollocking|tear someone a new arsehole|rip someone a new arsehole|chew someone's ass|ream someone's ass|tear someone a new asshole|rip someone a new asshole


word: CHIEF
russian_word: главный
example: the chief of the village
antonyms: subordinate
origin: Middle English: from Old French chief, chef, based on Latin caput ‘head’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: tʃiːf
phonetics_text: tʃiːf
definition:
a leader or ruler of a people or clan.|an ordinary consisting of a broad horizontal band across the top of the shield.

synonyms:
leader|chieftain|head|headman|ruler|overlord|master|commander|suzerain|seigneur|liege|liege lord|potentate|sachem|leading|principal|premier|highest|foremost|supreme|grand|superior|arch-|directing|governing|number-one


word: CHIEFLY
russian_word: главным образом
example: he is remembered chiefly for his organ sonatas
definition: mainly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈtʃiːfli
phonetics_text: ˈtʃiːfli
synonyms:
mainly|in the main|primarily|principally|predominantly|above all|mostly|for the most part|first and foremost|especially|particularly|essentially|substantially|usually|customarily|habitually|typically|commonly|generally|on the whole|largely|by and large|as a rule|in most instances|almost always|almost entirely|to a large extent|to a great degree


word: CHILBLAIN
russian_word: обморожение
origin: mid 16th century: from chill + blain.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪlbleɪn
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪlbleɪn
definition:
a painful, itching swelling on a hand or foot, caused by poor circulation in the skin when exposed to cold.


word: CHILD
russian_word: ребенок
example: she'd been playing tennis since she was a child
definition: a young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age of majority.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃʌɪld
phonetics_text: tʃʌɪld
synonyms:
youngster|young one|little one|boy|girl|baby|newborn|infant|toddler|schoolboy|schoolgirl|adolescent|teenager|youth|young man|young woman|young lady|young person|young adult|juvenile|minor|junior|stripling|fledgling|whippersnapper|son|daughter|son and heir|scion|descendant|offspring|progeny|issue|neonate|bairn|wean|laddie|lassie|pickney|kid|kiddie|kiddiewink|nipper|tot|tiny|tiny tot|shaver|young 'un|lad|lass|teen|teenybopper|sprog|rug rat|ankle-biter|babe|babe in arms|hobbledehoy|brat|chit|urchin|guttersnipe

origin:
Old English cild, of Germanic origin. The Middle English plural childer or childre became childeren or children by association with plurals ending in -en, such as brethren .


word: CHILDBIRTH
russian_word: роды
example: the benefits of exercising after childbirth are well-documented
definition: the process of giving birth to a child.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃʌɪl(d)bəːθ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌɪl(d)bəːθ
synonyms:
labour|delivery|giving birth|birthing|parturition|travail|confinement|lying-in|accouchement|childbed


word: CHILDERMAS
russian_word: день избиения младенцев
definition: the feast of the Holy Innocents, 28 December.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪldəmas
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪldəmas
origin:
Old English cildramæsse, from cildra  ‘of children’, genitive plural of cild (see child) + mæsse (see Mass).


word: CHILDHOOD
russian_word: детство
example: he spent his childhood in Lewes
definition: the state or period of being a child.
antonyms: adulthood|old age
origin: Old English cildhād (see child, -hood).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃʌɪldhʊd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌɪldhʊd
synonyms:
youth|early years|early days|early life|infancy|babyhood|boyhood|girlhood|pre-teens|preadolescence|prepubescence|adolescence|teens|teenage years|young adulthood|immaturity|the springtime of life|one's salad days|minority|nonage|juvenility|juniority|juvenescence


word: CHILDISH
russian_word: детский
example: childish enthusiasm
definition: of, like, or appropriate to a child.
antonyms: adult
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃʌɪldɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌɪldɪʃ
synonyms:
childlike|youthful|young|young-looking|girlish|boyish|children's|child's|adolescent|teenaged|teenage|bread-and-butter


word: CHILDLIKE
russian_word: детский
example: she speaks with a childlike directness
definition: (of an adult) having the good qualities, such as innocence, associated with a child.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃʌɪl(d)lʌɪk
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌɪl(d)lʌɪk
synonyms:
innocent|artless|guileless|simple|unworldly|unsophisticated|green|inexperienced|naive|ingenuous|trusting|trustful|unsuspicious|unwary|unguarded|credulous|gullible|easily taken in|unaffected|without airs|open|frank|uninhibited|natural|spontaneous|down-to-earth|wet behind the ears


word: CHILIAD
russian_word: тысячелетие
definition: a group of a thousand things.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɪlɪad
phonetics_text: ˈkɪlɪad
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin chilias, chiliad- ‘a thousand years’, from Greek khilias, khiliad-, from khilioi ‘thousand’.


word: CHILL
russian_word: холод
example: there was a chill in the air
antonyms: warmth
origin: Old English cele, ciele ‘cold, coldness’, of Germanic origin; related to cold.
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: tʃɪl
phonetics_text: tʃɪl
definition:
an unpleasant feeling of coldness in the atmosphere, one's surroundings, or the body.|a metal mould, often cooled, designed to ensure rapid or even cooling of metal during casting.

synonyms:
coldness|chilliness|coolness|iciness|crispness|rawness|bitterness|nip|bite|sting|sharpness|keenness|harshness|wintriness|frigidity|nippiness|gelidity


word: CHILLI
russian_word: стручковый перец
origin: early 17th century: from Spanish chile, from Nahuatl chilli .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪli
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪli
definition:
a small hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used in sauces, relishes, and spice powders. There are various forms with pods of differing size, colour, and strength of flavour.


word: CHILLY
russian_word: холодно
example: a chilly February evening
definition: uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold.
antonyms: warm
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɪli
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪli
synonyms:
cold|cool|crisp|fresh|brisk|bleak|wintry|snowy|frosty|icy|ice-cold|icy-cold|glacial|polar|arctic|raw|sharp|bitter|bitterly cold|biting|piercing|penetrating|freezing|frigid|nippy|parky|Baltic|chill|gelid|brumal


word: CHIME
russian_word: перезвон
example: the chimes of Big Ben
definition: a melodious ringing sound, as produced by striking a bell.
synonyms: peal|pealing|ringing|carillon|toll|tolling|sound|ding-dong|clanging|Angelus|knell|tintinnabulation
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃʌɪm
phonetics_text: tʃʌɪm
origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘cymbal’ and ‘ring out’): probably from Old English cimbal (see cymbal), later interpreted as chime bell .


word: CHIMERA
russian_word: химера
example: the economic sovereignty you claim to defend is a chimera|the sheeplike goat chimera
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek khimaira ‘she-goat or chimera’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kʌɪˈmɪərə
phonetics_text: kʌɪˈmɪərə|kɪˈmɪərə
definition:
(in Greek mythology) a fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail.|a thing which is hoped for but is illusory or impossible to achieve.|an organism containing a mixture of genetically different tissues, formed by processes such as fusion of early embryos, grafting, or mutation.|a cartilaginous marine fish with a long tail, an erect spine before the first dorsal fin, and typically a forward projection from the snout.

synonyms:
illusion|fantasy|delusion|dream|fancy|figment of the imagination|will-o'-the-wisp|phantom|mirage|ignis fatuus


word: CHIMNEY
russian_word: дымоход
synonyms: stack|smokestack|flue|shaft|funnel|vent|lum|femerell
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪmni
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪmni
example:
a coal fire thrust yellow flames up the chimney|he trimmed the wick and put the glass chimney over the flame|he slid fifty feet down a chimney, and became wedged there

definition:
a vertical channel or pipe which conducts smoke and combustion gases up from a fire or furnace and typically through the roof of a building.|a glass tube protecting the flame of a lamp.|a very steep narrow cleft by which a rock face may be climbed.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a fireplace or furnace): from Old French cheminee ‘chimney, fireplace’, from late Latin caminata, perhaps from camera caminata ‘room with a fireplace’, from Latin caminus ‘forge, furnace’, from Greek kaminos ‘oven’.


word: CHINA
russian_word: Китай
example: a plate made of china
definition: a fine white or translucent vitrified ceramic material.|a friend.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃʌɪnə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌɪnə
origin:
late 16th century (as an adjective): from Persian chīnī ‘relating to China’, where it was originally made.


word: CHINAMAN
russian_word: китаец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃʌɪnəmən
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌɪnəmən
definition:
a native of China.|a ball that spins from off to leg, bowled by a left-handed bowler to a right-handed batsman.


word: CHINK
russian_word: скважина
example: a chink in the curtains
definition: a narrow opening, typically one that admits light.
origin: mid 16th century: related to chine2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃɪŋk
phonetics_text: tʃɪŋk
synonyms:
opening|gap|space|hole|aperture|break|breach|crack|fissure|crevice|cranny|cleft|cut|rift|split|slit|slot


word: CHINOISERIE
russian_word: шинуазри
example: hand-painted chinoiserie wallpaper
origin: late 19th century: from French, from chinois ‘Chinese’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʃɪnˈwɑːzəri
phonetics_text: ʃɪnˈwɑːzəri
definition:
a decorative style in Western art, furniture, and architecture, especially in the 18th century, characterized by the use of Chinese motifs and techniques.


word: CHINSTRAP
russian_word: подбородочный ремень
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪnstrap
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪnstrap
definition:
a strap attached to a hat, helmet, or other headgear, designed to hold it in place by fitting under the wearer's chin.


word: CHINTZ
russian_word: ситец
example: floral chintz curtains
definition: printed multicoloured cotton fabric with a glazed finish, used for curtains and upholstery.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃɪn(t)s
phonetics_text: tʃɪn(t)s
origin:
early 17th century (as chints, plural of chint, denoting a stained or painted calico cloth imported from India): from Hindi chīṃṭ ‘spattering, stain’.


word: CHIP
russian_word: чип
origin: Middle English: related to Old English forcippian ‘cut off’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃɪp
phonetics_text: tʃɪp
example:
mulch the shrubs with cedar chips|a plate of chips|a poker chip|he made no mistake with a chip and a par putt from four feet to seal victory

definition:
a small piece of something removed in the course of chopping, cutting, or breaking a hard material such as wood or stone.|a long rectangular piece of deep-fried potato.|a tiny wafer of semiconducting material used to make an integrated circuit; a microchip.|a counter used in certain gambling games to represent money.|(in soccer, golf, and other sports) a short lofted kick or shot.

synonyms:
fragment|piece|bit|sliver|splinter|spell|spillikin|shaving|paring|scrap|snippet|flake|shard|skelf|gallet|spall


word: CHIPBOARD
russian_word: ДСП
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪpbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪpbɔːd
definition:
material made in rigid sheets from compressed wood chips and resin, often coated or veneered, used in furniture, buildings, etc.


word: CHIPMUNK
russian_word: бурундук
origin: mid 19th century: from Ojibwa.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪpmʌŋk
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪpmʌŋk
definition:
a burrowing ground squirrel with cheek pouches and light and dark stripes running down the body, found in North America and northern Eurasia.


word: CHIPPY
russian_word: плотник
example: there used to be a good chippy down the back of Albert Street
definition: a fish-and-chip shop.|a carpenter.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɪpi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪpi
origin:
mid 19th century: from chip + -y2, -y1; chippy1 (adjective) is from the phrase a chip on one's shoulder.


word: CHIPSET
russian_word: чипсет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɪpsɛt
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪpsɛt
definition:
a collection of integrated circuits which are designed to function together as a unit, especially to perform a particular task within a computer system.


word: CHIROMANCER
russian_word: хиромант
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌɪrə(ʊ)mansə
phonetics_text: ˈkʌɪrə(ʊ)mansə
definition:
a person who is supposedly able to predict a person's future by interpreting the lines on the palms of their hands.


word: CHIROMANCY
russian_word: хиромантия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌɪrə(ʊ)mansi
phonetics_text: ˈkʌɪrə(ʊ)mansi
definition:
the supposed prediction of a person's future from interpreting the lines on the palms of their hands; palmistry.


word: CHIRONOMID
russian_word: хирономид
definition: an insect of a family ( Chironomidae ) that comprises the non-biting midges.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kʌɪˈrɒnəmɪd
phonetics_text: kʌɪˈrɒnəmɪd
origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Chironomidae (plural), from the genus name Chironomus, from Greek kheironomos ‘pantomime dancer’.


word: CHIROPRACTIC
russian_word: хиропрактика
origin: late 19th century: from chiro- ‘hand’ + Greek praktikos ‘practical’, from prattein ‘do’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈpraktɪk
phonetics_text: ˌkʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈpraktɪk
definition:
a system of complementary medicine based on the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of misalignments of the joints, especially those of the spinal column, which are believed to cause other disorders by affecting the nerves, muscles, and organs.


word: CHIROPRACTOR
russian_word: костоправ
origin: early 20th century: from chiro- ‘hand’ + Greek praktikos ‘practical’, from prattein ‘do’, + -or1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌɪrə(ʊ)ˌpraktə
phonetics_text: ˈkʌɪrə(ʊ)ˌpraktə
definition:
a practitioner of the system of complementary medicine based on the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of misalignments of the joints.


word: CHIRP
russian_word: чириканье
example: outside, the crickets chirped monotonously|he chirped two policemen just before he was arrested
synonyms: tweet|twitter|chirrup|cheep|peep|chitter|chatter|chirr|sing|warble|trill|pipe
origin: late Middle English: imitative.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃəːp
phonetics_text: tʃəːp
definition:
(of a small bird or an insect) make a short, sharp, high-pitched sound.|speak to (someone) in a taunting way.


word: CHITIN
russian_word: хитин
origin: mid 19th century: from French chitine, formed irregularly from Greek khitōn (see chiton).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌɪtɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkʌɪtɪn
definition:
a fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides, which is the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.


word: CHIVALROUS
russian_word: рыцарский
example: shall I be chivalrous and offer you my coat?
definition: courteous and gallant, especially towards women (typically used of a man or his behaviour).
antonyms: rude|boorish|unmannerly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈʃɪv(ə)lrəs
phonetics_text: ˈʃɪv(ə)lrəs
synonyms:
gallant|gentlemanly|honourable|respectful|thoughtful|considerate|protective|attentive|courteous|polite|gracious|well mannered|urbane|courtly|mannerly|gentle

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘characteristic of a medieval knight’): from Old French chevalerous, from chevalier (see chevalier).


word: CHIVALRY
russian_word: рыцарство
example: the age of chivalry|I fought against the cream of French chivalry
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʃɪv(ə)lri
phonetics_text: ˈʃɪv(ə)lri
definition:
the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.|knights, noblemen, and horsemen collectively.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French chevalerie, from medieval Latin caballerius, for late Latin caballarius ‘horseman’ (see chevalier).


word: CHIVES
russian_word: лук
example: freshly chopped chives
origin: Middle English: from Old French, dialect variant of cive, from Latin cepa ‘onion’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃʌɪvz
phonetics_text: tʃʌɪvz
definition:
a small Eurasian plant related to the onion, with purple-pink flowers and long tubular leaves which are used as a culinary herb.


word: CHIVVY
russian_word: удирать
example: an association which chivvies government into action
definition: tell (someone) repeatedly to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈtʃɪvi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɪvi
synonyms:
nag|badger|hound|harass|harry|keep after|keep on at|go on at|pester|plague|torment|persecute|goad|annoy|bother|urge|prod|pressure|pressurize|hassle|bug|breathe down someone's neck|get on someone's case|mither|ride|heavy

origin:
late 18th century: probably from the ballad Chevy Chase, celebrating a skirmish (probably the battle of Otterburn, 1388) on the Scottish border. Originally a noun denoting a hunting cry, the term later meant ‘a pursuit’, hence the verb ‘to chase, worry’ (mid 19th century).


word: CHLOASMA
russian_word: хлоазма
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek khloazein ‘become green’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kləʊˈazmə
phonetics_text: kləʊˈazmə
definition:
a temporary condition, typically caused by hormonal changes, in which large brown patches form on the skin.


word: CHLORAMINE
russian_word: хлорамина
example: compounds such as chloramines
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɔːrəmiːn
phonetics_text: ˈklɔːrəmiːn
definition:
any of a group of antiseptics and disinfectants which are sulphonamide derivatives containing chlorine bonded to nitrogen.


word: CHLORELLA
russian_word: хлорелла
origin: modern Latin, diminutive of Greek khlōros ‘green’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kləˈrɛlə
phonetics_text: kləˈrɛlə
definition:
a common single-celled green alga of both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, responsible for turning stagnant water an opaque green.


word: CHLORIDE
russian_word: хлорид
example: the presence of sulphates, chlorides, and nitrates
origin: early 19th century: from chlorine + -ide.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɔːrʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˈklɔːrʌɪd
definition:
a compound of chlorine with another element or group, especially a salt of the anion Cl− or an organic compound with chlorine bonded to an alkyl group.


word: CHLORITE
russian_word: хлорит
origin: late 18th century: via Latin from Greek khlōritis, a green precious stone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɔːrʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈklɔːrʌɪt
definition:
a dark green mineral consisting of a basic hydrated aluminosilicate of magnesium and iron. It occurs as a constituent of many rocks, typically forming flat crystals resembling mica.


word: CHLOROPHYLL
russian_word: хлорофилл
origin: early 19th century: coined in French from Greek khlōros ‘green’ + phullon ‘leaf’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɔːrəfɪl
phonetics_text: ˈklɔːrəfɪl|ˈklɒrəfɪl
definition:
a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, which is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.


word: CHLORPROMAZINE
russian_word: аминазин
origin: 1950s: from chloro- + prom(eth)azine .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɔːˈprəʊməzɪn
phonetics_text: klɔːˈprəʊməzɪn|klɔːˈprəʊməziːn
definition:
a synthetic drug used as a tranquillizer, sedative, and anti-emetic. It is a phenothiazine derivative.


word: CHOICE
russian_word: выбор
example: the choice between good and evil
definition: an act of choosing between two or more possibilities.
synonyms: option|alternative|possibility|possible course of action|solution|answer|way out
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: tʃɔɪs
phonetics_text: tʃɔɪs
origin:
Middle English: from Old French chois, from choisir ‘choose’, of Germanic origin and related to choose.


word: CHOIR
russian_word: хор
example: a church choir
synonyms: singers|chorus|chorale
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkwʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkwʌɪə
definition:
an organized group of singers, especially one that takes part in church services or performs in public.

origin:
Middle English quer, quere, from Old French quer, from Latin chorus (see chorus). The spelling change in the 17th century was due to association with Latin chorus and modern French choeur .


word: CHOKE
russian_word: дроссель
synonyms: gag|retch|cough|struggle for air|fight for breath|gasp
origin: Middle English: from Old English ācēocian (verb), from cēoce (see cheek).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃəʊk
phonetics_text: tʃəʊk
example:
Willie choked on a mouthful of tea|the roads were choked with traffic|he was choked with fury|carbon monoxide results during a cold start, when an engine is choked

definition:
(of a person or animal) have severe difficulty in breathing because of a constricted or obstructed throat or a lack of air.|fill (a space) so as to make movement difficult or impossible.|make (someone) speechless with a strong feeling or emotion.|enrich the fuel mixture in (a petrol engine) by reducing the intake of air.


word: CHOKEBERRY
russian_word: черноплодная рябина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃəʊkb(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəʊkb(ə)ri
definition:
a North American shrub of the rose family, with white flowers and red autumn foliage, cultivated as an ornamental.


word: CHOKO
russian_word: Чоко
definition: the fruit of the chayote plant, eaten as a vegetable in the Caribbean, Australia, and New Zealand.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃəʊkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəʊkəʊ
origin:
mid 18th century: from Spanish chocho, from a Brazilian Indian word. The current spelling dates from the early 20th century.


word: CHOLECALCIFEROL
russian_word: холекальциферол
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒlɪkalˈsɪf(ə)rɒl
phonetics_text: ˌkɒlɪkalˈsɪf(ə)rɒl
definition:
one of the D vitamins, a sterol essential for the deposition of calcium in bones and formed by the action of sunlight on dehydrocholesterol in the skin.


word: CHOLECYSTOKININ
russian_word: холецистокинин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒlɪˌsɪstə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪnɪn
phonetics_text: ˌkɒlɪˌsɪstə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪnɪn
definition:
a hormone which is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.


word: CHOLERA
russian_word: холера
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlərə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlərə
definition:
an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhoea.

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting bile and later applied to various ailments involving vomiting and diarrhoea): from Latin (see choler). The current sense dates from the early 19th century.


word: CHOLERIC
russian_word: холерический
example: he was a choleric, self-important little man
definition: bad-tempered or irritable.
antonyms: good-natured|affable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒlərɪk
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlərɪk
synonyms:
bad-tempered|irascible|irritable|grumpy|grouchy|crotchety|tetchy|testy|crusty|cantankerous|curmudgeonly|ill-tempered|ill-natured|ill-humoured|peevish|cross|fractious|disagreeable|pettish|crabbed|crabby|waspish|prickly|peppery|touchy|scratchy|splenetic|shrewish|short-tempered|hot-tempered|quick-tempered|dyspeptic|bilious|liverish|cross-grained|argumentative|quarrelsome|uncooperative|contrary|perverse|difficult|awkward|snappish|snappy|chippy|short-fused|shirty|stroppy|narky|ratty|eggy|like a bear with a sore head|cranky|ornery|peckish|soreheaded|snaky|waxy|miffy

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘bilious’): from Old French cholerique, via Latin from Greek kholerikos, from kholera (see choler).


word: CHOLESTEROL
russian_word: холестерин
origin: late 19th century: from Greek kholē ‘bile’ + stereos ‘stiff’ + -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɛstərɒl
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛstərɒl
definition:
a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. Cholesterol and its derivatives are important constituents of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds, but a high proportion in the blood of low-density lipoprotein (which transports cholesterol to the tissues) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.


word: CHONDROCRANIUM
russian_word: хрящевой череп
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒndrə(ʊ)ˈkreɪnɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌkɒndrə(ʊ)ˈkreɪnɪəm
definition:
the primary skull of vertebrates, composed of cartilage, which in humans and most other vertebrates is replaced by bone during development.


word: CHONDROITIN
russian_word: хондроитин
origin: late 19th century: from chondro- + -ite1 + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnˈdrəʊɪtɪn
phonetics_text: kɒnˈdrəʊɪtɪn
definition:
a mucopolysaccharide compound which is a major constituent of cartilage and other connective tissue.


word: CHOOSE
russian_word: выбирать
example: he chose a seat facing the door
definition: pick out (someone or something) as being the best or most appropriate of two or more alternatives.
antonyms: reject|decline
origin: Old English cēosan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kiezen .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: tʃuːz
phonetics_text: tʃuːz
synonyms:
select|pick|pick out|opt for|plump for|go for|take|settle on|decide on|fix on|come down in favour of|vote for|single out|hand-pick|set|designate|determine|specify|appoint|name|nominate|adopt|espouse|pitch on


word: CHOOSY
russian_word: привередливый
example: she's become very choosy about food
definition: taking excessive care when making a choice.
antonyms: easy to please|indiscriminate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃuːzi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃuːzi
synonyms:
fussy|finicky|over-fastidious|over-particular|faddish|difficult/hard to please|dainty|exacting|demanding|discriminating|discerning|selective|picky|faddy|pernickety|persnickety|nice|overnice|finical


word: CHOP
russian_word: рубить
example: they chopped up the pulpit for firewood|their training courses are to be chopped
synonyms: cut up|cut into pieces|chop up|cube|dice|mince|hash|hew|split|cleave
origin: late Middle English: variant of chap1.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃɒp
phonetics_text: tʃɒp
definition:
cut (something) into pieces with repeated sharp blows of an axe or knife.|abolish or reduce the size of (something) in a way regarded as ruthless.


word: CHOPPER
russian_word: прерыватель
example: fog had delayed the landing of his chopper
synonyms: axe|cleaver|hatchet|butcher's knife
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɒpə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɒpə
definition:
a short axe with a large blade.|a helicopter.|a type of motorcycle with high handlebars and the front-wheel fork extended forwards.|a man's penis.


word: CHOPPY
russian_word: порывистый
example: sea conditions are often very choppy|the choppy, electronic beat of hip-hop|a choppy bob
antonyms: calm|smooth
origin: early 17th century (in the sense ‘full of chaps or clefts’): from chop1 + -y1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃɒpi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɒpi
definition:
(of a sea, lake, or river) having many small waves.|having a disjointed or jerky quality.|denoting or relating to a hairstyle in which layers and sections of hair are cut at different lengths.

synonyms:
rough|full of waves|turbulent|heavy|heaving|storm-tossed|stormy|tempestuous|squally|broken|ruffled|uneven


word: CHOPSTICK
russian_word: палочки для еды
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃɒpstɪk
phonetics_text: ˈtʃɒpstɪk
definition:
each of a pair of small, thin, tapered sticks of wood, ivory, or plastic, held together in one hand and used as eating utensils especially by the Chinese and the Japanese.

origin:
late 17th century: pidgin English, from chop ‘quick’ + stick1, translating Chinese dialect kuàizi, literally ‘nimble ones’. Compare with chop-chop1.


word: CHORDATE
russian_word: хордовых
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɔːdeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːdeɪt
definition:
an animal of the large phylum Chordata, comprising the vertebrates together with the sea squirts and lancelets.


word: CHORD
russian_word: аккорд
example: the entire swing session is masterfully chorded by the Duke on piano
definition: play, sing, or arrange notes in chords.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kɔːd
phonetics_text: kɔːd
origin:
Middle English cord, from accord. The spelling change in the 18th century was due to confusion with chord2. The original sense was ‘agreement, reconciliation’, later ‘a musical concord or harmonious sound’; the current sense dates from the mid 18th century.


word: CHOREA
russian_word: хорея
origin: late 17th century: via Latin from Greek khoreia ‘dancing in unison’, from khoros ‘chorus’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒˈrɪə
phonetics_text: kɒˈrɪə
definition:
a neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face.


word: CHORION
russian_word: хорион
origin: mid 16th century: from Greek khorion .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːrɪən
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːrɪən
definition:
the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal. In mammals it contributes to the formation of the placenta.


word: CHOROID
russian_word: сосудистая оболочка
definition: resembling the chorion, particularly in containing many blood vessels.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːrɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːrɔɪd|ˈkɒrɔɪd
origin:
mid 17th century: from Greek khoroeidēs (adjective), alteration of khorioeidēs, from khorion (see chorion).


word: CHORUS
russian_word: хор
synonyms: refrain|burden|strain|hook
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɔːrəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːrəs
example:
strong guitar-driven songs with big, big choruses|he has words of praise for the RSNO Chorus|a growing chorus of complaint|Sophocles no longer gave the chorus the major role|a chorus pedal

definition:
a part of a song which is repeated after each verse.|a large organized group of singers, especially one which performs with an orchestra or opera company.|a simultaneous utterance of something by many people.|(in ancient Greek tragedy) a group of performers who comment together on the main action.|a device used with an amplified musical instrument to give the impression that more than one instrument is being played.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a character speaking the prologue of a play): from Latin, from Greek khoros .


word: CHOUGH
russian_word: клушица
origin: Middle English (originally denoting the jackdaw): probably imitative.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: tʃʌf
phonetics_text: tʃʌf
definition:
a black Eurasian and North African bird of the crow family, with a downcurved bill and broad, rounded wings, typically frequenting mountains and sea cliffs.|a black and white Australian bird of the mud-nester family.


word: CHRIST
russian_word: мессия
definition: the title, also treated as a name, given to Jesus.
part_of_speech: noun|exclamation
phonetic: krʌɪst
phonetics_text: krʌɪst
synonyms:
Jesus|Jesus Christ|Our Lord|the Messiah|the Saviour|the Son of God|the Lamb of God|the Good Shepherd|the Redeemer|the Prince of Peace|the Nazarene|the Galilean

origin:
Old English Crīst, from Latin Christus, from Greek Khristos, noun use of an adjective meaning ‘anointed’, from khriein ‘anoint’, translating Hebrew māšīaḥ ‘Messiah’.


word: CHRISTEN
russian_word: крестить
synonyms: baptize|name|give a name to|give the name of|call|lustrate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkrɪs(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkrɪs(ə)n
example:
their second daughter was christened Jeanette|he bought a new pair of boots and christened them with his first goal at the McAlpine Stadium

definition:
give (a baby) a Christian name at baptism as a sign of admission to a Christian Church.|use for the first time.

origin:
Old English crīstnian  ‘make Christian’, from crīsten  ‘Christian’, from Latin Christianus, from Christus ‘Christ’.


word: CHRISTIANITY
russian_word: христианство
example: the writers seem to find a rapprochement between Islam and Christianity
definition: the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus Christ, or its beliefs and practices.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: krɪstɪˈanɪti
phonetics_text: krɪstɪˈanɪti
origin:
Middle English: from Old French crestiente, from crestien ‘Christian’, influenced by late Latin christianitas, from Latin Christianus, from Christus ‘Christ’.


word: CHRISTIE
russian_word: Кристи
origin: 1920s (earlier as Christiania ): named after Christiania in Norway.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrɪsti
phonetics_text: ˈkrɪsti
definition:
a sudden turn in which the skis are kept parallel, used for changing direction fast or stopping short.


word: CHRISTMAS
russian_word: рождество
example: I have such happy childhood memories of decorating the house for Christmas
origin: Old English Crīstes mæsse (see Christ, Mass).
part_of_speech: noun|exclamation
phonetic: ˈkrɪsməs
phonetics_text: ˈkrɪsməs
definition:
the annual Christian festival celebrating Christ's birth, held on 25 December in the Western Church.

synonyms:
Xmas|Noel|Christmastime|Christmastide|festive season|Nativity|Bada Din|Burra Din|Chrimbo|Chrissie|Yuletide|Yule


word: CHROMAFFIN
russian_word: хромаффинный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: krə(ʊ)ˈmafɪn
phonetics_text: krə(ʊ)ˈmafɪn
definition:
denoting granules or vesicles containing adrenaline and noradrenaline, and the secretory cells of the adrenal medulla in which they are found.

origin:
early 20th century: from chromo-1 ‘chromium’ + Latin affinis ‘akin’ (because readily stained brown by chromates).


word: CHROMAKEY
russian_word: кеинга
example: the weatherman is gesturing at a blank wall, and the image is inserted by chromakey
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkrəʊməkiː
phonetics_text: ˈkrəʊməkiː
definition:
a digital technique by which a block of a particular colour (often blue or green) in a film or video image can be replaced by another colour or image, enabling, for example, a weather forecaster to appear against a background of a computer-generated weather map.


word: CHROMATID
russian_word: хроматида
origin: early 20th century: from Greek khrōma, khrōmat- ‘colour’ + -id2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrəʊmətɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkrəʊmətɪd
definition:
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.


word: CHROMATIN
russian_word: хроматин
origin: late 19th century: coined in German from Greek khrōma, khrōmat- ‘colour’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrəʊmətɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkrəʊmətɪn
definition:
the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e. eukaryotes) are composed, consisting of protein, RNA, and DNA.


word: CHROMATOGRAM
russian_word: хроматограмма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: krə(ʊ)ˈmatəɡram
phonetics_text: krə(ʊ)ˈmatəɡram
definition:
a visible record (such as a graph) showing the result of separating the components of a mixture by chromatography.


word: CHROMATOGRAPHY
russian_word: хроматография
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkrəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: ˌkrəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi
definition:
a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates.

origin:
1930s: from German Chromatographie (see chromato-, -graphy), early separations being displayed as a number of coloured bands or spots.


word: CHROMINANCE
russian_word: цветность
origin: 1950s: from Greek khrōma ‘colour’, on the pattern of luminance .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrəʊmɪnəns
phonetics_text: ˈkrəʊmɪnəns
definition:
the colorimetric difference between a given colour in a television picture and a standard colour of equal luminance.


word: CHROMIUM
russian_word: хром
origin: early 19th century: from chrome + -ium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrəʊmɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈkrəʊmɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 24, a hard white metal used in stainless steel and other alloys.


word: CHROMOGENIC
russian_word: хромогенный
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
involving the production of colour or pigments.|denoting a process of developing film which uses couplers to produce images of very high definition.


word: CHROMOSPHERE
russian_word: хромосфера
origin: mid 19th century: from chromo-2 ‘colour’ + sphere.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrəʊməsfɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkrəʊməsfɪə
definition:
a reddish gaseous layer immediately above the photosphere of the sun or another star which, together with the corona, constitutes its outer atmosphere.


word: CHRONIC
russian_word: хронический
example: chronic bronchitis|the film was absolutely chronic
definition: (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.|of a very poor quality.
antonyms: acute
synonyms: persistent|long-standing|long-term|constantly recurring|incurable|immedicable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkrɒnɪk
phonetics_text: ˈkrɒnɪk
origin:
late Middle English: from French chronique, via Latin from Greek khronikos ‘of time’, from khronos ‘time’.


word: CHRONICLE
russian_word: хроника
example: a vast chronicle of Spanish history
definition: a factual written account of important or historical events in the order of their occurrence.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkrɒnɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkrɒnɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
record|written account|history|annals|archive(s)|register|log|diary|journal|calendar|chronology|narrative|description|story

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French cronicle, variant of Old French cronique, via Latin from Greek khronika ‘annals’, from khronikos (see chronic).


word: CHRONICLER
russian_word: летописец
example: a chronicler of 18th-century American life
definition: a person who writes accounts of important or historical events.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrɒnɪk(ə)lə
phonetics_text: ˈkrɒnɪk(ə)lə|ˈkrɒnɪklə
synonyms:
annalist|historian|archivist|diarist|recorder|reporter|narrator|scribe|chronologer|chronologist|chronographer


word: CHRONOTHERAPY
russian_word: хронотерапия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkrɒnə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi
phonetics_text: ˌkrɒnə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi
definition:
the treatment of an illness or disorder by administering a drug at a time of day believed to be in harmony with the body's natural rhythms.


word: CHRYSANTHEMUM
russian_word: хризантема
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: krɪˈsanθɪməm
phonetics_text: krɪˈsanθɪməm|krɪˈsanθɪzəm
definition:
a plant of the daisy family with brightly coloured ornamental flowers, existing in many cultivated varieties.

origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting the corn marigold): from Latin, from Greek khrusanthemon, from khrusos ‘gold’ + anthemon ‘flower’.


word: CHRYSOBERYL
russian_word: хризоберилл
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin chrysoberyllus, from Greek khrusos ‘gold’ + bērullos ‘beryl’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkrɪsə(ʊ)ˈbɛrɪl
phonetics_text: ˌkrɪsə(ʊ)ˈbɛrɪl
definition:
a greenish or yellowish-green oxide of beryllium and aluminium which occurs as tabular crystals, sometimes of gem quality.


word: CHRYSOCOLLA
russian_word: хризоколла
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkrɪsə(ʊ)ˈkɒlə
phonetics_text: ˌkrɪsə(ʊ)ˈkɒlə
definition:
a greenish-blue mineral consisting of hydrated copper silicate, occurring as opaline crusts and masses.

origin:
late 16th century (in the Greek sense): from Latin, from Greek khrusokolla, denoting a mineral used in ancient times for soldering gold.


word: CHRYSOLITE
russian_word: хризолит
definition: a yellowish-green or brownish variety of olivine, used as a gemstone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrɪsəlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkrɪsəlʌɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French crisolite, from medieval Latin crisolitus, from Latin chrysolithus, based on Greek khrusos ‘gold’ + lithos ‘stone’.


word: CHRYSOPRASE
russian_word: хризопраз
definition: an apple-green gemstone consisting of a variety of chalcedony that contains nickel.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkrɪsə(ʊ)preɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkrɪsə(ʊ)preɪz
origin:
Middle English (denoting a precious stone in the New Testament): from Old French crisopace, via Latin from Greek khrusoprasos, from khrusos ‘gold’ + prason ‘leek’.


word: CHUBBY
russian_word: круглолицый
example: a pretty child with chubby cheeks
definition: plump and rounded.
antonyms: skinny|slender
origin: early 17th century (in the sense ‘short and thickset, like a chub’): from chub.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃʌbi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌbi
synonyms:
plump|tubby|roly-poly|rotund|portly|stout|dumpy|chunky|broad in the beam|well upholstered|well covered|well padded|of ample proportions|ample|round|rounded|well rounded|fat|overweight|fleshy|paunchy|pot-bellied|bulky|buxom|pudgy|beefy|porky|blubbery|poddy|podgy|fubsy|lard-arsed|zaftig|corn-fed|pursy|abdominous


word: CHUCK
russian_word: цыпленок
example: someone chucked a brick through the window|she wanted to chuck her job
definition: throw (something) carelessly or casually.|give up (a job or activity).
origin: late 17th century (as a verb): from chuck2.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃʌk
phonetics_text: tʃʌk
synonyms:
throw|toss|fling|hurl|pitch|cast|lob|launch|flip|catapult|shy|dash|project|propel|send|bowl|let fly with|heave|sling|bung|buzz|whang|yeet|peg|hoy|bish


word: CHUCKLE
russian_word: хихиканье
example: I chuckled at the astonishment on her face
definition: laugh quietly or inwardly.
synonyms: chortle|giggle|titter|laugh quietly|tee-hee|snicker|snigger|crow
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈtʃʌk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌk(ə)l
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘laugh convulsively’): from chuck meaning ‘to cluck’ in late Middle English.


word: CHUFA
russian_word: Чуфа
origin: mid 19th century: from Spanish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃuːfə
phonetics_text: ˈtʃuːfə
definition:
an Old World sedge which yields an edible tuber, cultivated in some marshy regions of Spain and Italy.


word: CHUG
russian_word: пыхтение
example: a cabin cruiser was chugging down the river
origin: mid 19th century (as a noun): imitative.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: tʃʌɡ
phonetics_text: tʃʌɡ
definition:
(of a vehicle or boat) move slowly making regular muffled explosive sounds, as of an engine running slowly.


word: CHUKAR
russian_word: кеклик
origin: early 19th century: from Sanskrit cakora .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃʊkɑː
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʊkɑː
definition:
a Eurasian partridge similar to the red-legged partridge, but with a clucking call like a domestic hen.


word: CHUM
russian_word: приятель
example: she shared the cake with her chums|it's your own fault, chum
definition: a close friend.|used as a friendly or familiar form of address between men or boys.
antonyms: enemy|stranger
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃʌm
phonetics_text: tʃʌm
synonyms:
friend|companion|intimate|familiar|confidant|alter ego|second self|playmate|classmate|schoolmate|workmate|pal|buddy|bosom pal|sidekick|cully|spar|crony|main man|mate|oppo|china|mucker|butty|marrow|marra|marrer|amigo|compadre|paisan|bro|homeboy|gabba|compeer|fidus Achates

origin:
late 17th century (originally Oxford University slang, denoting a room-mate): probably short for chamber-fellow . Compare with comrade and crony.


word: CHUMASH
russian_word: Чумаш
origin: Chumash, literally ‘islander’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃuːmaʃ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃuːmaʃ
definition:
a member of a North American people inhabiting coastal parts of southern California.|the extinct Hokan language of the Chumash.


word: CHUMMY
russian_word: общительный
example: she's become rather chummy with Ted recently
definition: on friendly terms; friendly.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃʌmi
phonetics_text: ˈtʃʌmi
synonyms:
friendly|on good terms|close|familiar|affectionate|intimate|as thick as thieves|thick|matey|pally|buddy-buddy|palsy-walsy|clubby


word: CHUNK
russian_word: кусок
example: huge chunks of masonry littered the street
definition: a thick, solid piece of something.
origin: late 17th century: apparently an alteration of chuck3.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃʌŋk
phonetics_text: tʃʌŋk
synonyms:
lump|hunk|wedge|block|slab|square|nugget|nub|brick|cube|bar|cake|loaf|knob|ball|piece|portion|bit|mass|wodge|gob


word: CHURCH
russian_word: церковь
example: the church was largely rebuilt at the end of the 15th century
definition: a building used for public Christian worship.
synonyms: house of God|the Lord's house|house of prayer|kirk
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃəːtʃ
phonetics_text: tʃəːtʃ
origin:
Old English cir(i)ce, cyr(i)ce, related to Dutch kerk and German Kirche, based on medieval Greek kurikon, from Greek kuriakon (dōma) ‘Lord's (house)’, from kurios ‘master or lord’. Compare with kirk.


word: CHURCHWARDEN
russian_word: церковный староста
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃəːtʃwɔːd(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəːtʃwɔːd(ə)n
definition:
either of the two elected lay representatives in an Anglican parish, formally responsible for movable church property and for keeping order in church.|a long-stemmed clay pipe.


word: CHURCHYARD
russian_word: погост
definition: an enclosed area surrounding a church, especially as used for burials.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtʃəːtʃjɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəːtʃjɑːd
synonyms:
graveyard|cemetery|necropolis|burial ground|burial place|burying place|burying ground|garden of remembrance|kirkyard|memorial park|boneyard|golgotha|urnfield|God's acre|potter's field


word: CHURLISH
russian_word: грубый
example: it seems churlish to complain
definition: rude in a mean-spirited and surly way.
antonyms: polite
origin: Old English cierlisc, ceorlisc (see churl, -ish1).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈtʃəːlɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈtʃəːlɪʃ
synonyms:
rude|ill-mannered|discourteous|impolite|ungracious|unmannerly|uncivil|ungentlemanly|ungallant|unchivalrous|ill-bred|boorish|oafish|loutish|mean-spirited|ill-tempered|unkind|inconsiderate|uncharitable|ill-humoured|surly|sullen|ignorant


word: CHURN
russian_word: маслобойка
example: the fresh creamy milk sat in a churn in the kitchen
origin: Old English cyrin, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Low German kerne and Old Norse kirna .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: tʃəːn
phonetics_text: tʃəːn
definition:
a machine for making butter by shaking milk or cream.|a large metal container for milk.|short for churn rate.


word: CHUTE
russian_word: желоб
example: cement was loaded on to barges via chutes|cattle tend to be calmer in a chute with solid sides
synonyms: channel|slide|trough|shaft|funnel|conduit|ramp|runway
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʃuːt
phonetics_text: ʃuːt
definition:
a sloping channel or slide for conveying things to a lower level.|a narrow metal enclosure for holding or restraining livestock, in which an animal may be vaccinated, branded, etc.

origin:
early 19th century (originally a North American usage): from French, ‘fall’ (of water or rocks), from Old French cheoite, feminine past participle of cheoir ‘to fall’, from Latin cadere ; influenced by shoot.


word: CHYLE
russian_word: млечный сок
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin chylus, from Greek khūlos ‘juice’ (see chyme).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kʌɪl
phonetics_text: kʌɪl
definition:
a milky fluid containing fat droplets which drains from the lacteals of the small intestine into the lymphatic system during digestion.


word: CHYME
russian_word: химус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kʌɪm
phonetics_text: kʌɪm
definition:
the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin chymus, from Greek khūmos ‘juice’ (compare with chyle). The Greek words khūlos and khūmos are from the same root and more or less identical in sense.


word: CHYMOTRYPSIN
russian_word: химотрипсин
origin: 1930s: from chymo- (combining form of chyme) + trypsin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkʌɪmə(ʊ)ˈtrɪpsɪn
phonetics_text: ˌkʌɪmə(ʊ)ˈtrɪpsɪn
definition:
a digestive enzyme which breaks down proteins in the small intestine. It is secreted by the pancreas and converted into an active form by trypsin.


word: CIBORIUM
russian_word: киворий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈbɔːrɪəm
phonetics_text: sɪˈbɔːrɪəm
definition:
a receptacle shaped like a shrine or a cup with an arched cover, used in the Christian Church to hold the Eucharist.|a canopy over an altar in a church, standing on four pillars.

origin:
mid 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek kibōrion ‘seed vessel of the water lily or a cup made from it’. ciborium (sense 1) is probably influenced by Latin cibus ‘food’.


word: CICELY
russian_word: кервель
definition: an aromatic white-flowered plant of the parsley family, with fernlike leaves.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪsɪli
phonetics_text: ˈsɪsɪli
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin seselis, from Greek. The spelling change was due to association with the given name Cicely .


word: CICHLID
russian_word: цихлиды
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪklɪd
phonetics_text: ˈsɪklɪd
definition:
a freshwater fish of a large tropical family ( Cichlidae ) which includes the angelfishes, discuses, mouthbrooders, and tilapia.

origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Cichlidae (plural), from Greek kikhlē, denoting a kind of fish.


word: CIDER
russian_word: сидр
example: a bottle of cider
definition: an alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsʌɪdə
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪdə
origin:
Middle English: from Old French sidre, via ecclesiastical Latin from ecclesiastical Greek sikera, from Hebrew šēḵār ‘strong drink’.


word: CIGARETTE HOLDER
russian_word: мундштук
example: an iconic poster of Audrey Hepburn, sleek with cigarette holder, long black dress, and pearls
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a slim tubular device for holding a cigarette so that it can be smoked without direct contact with the fingers.


word: CIGUATERA
russian_word: сигватера
origin: mid 19th century: from American Spanish, from cigua ‘sea snail’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪɡwəˈtɛːrə
phonetics_text: ˌsɪɡwəˈtɛːrə
definition:
poisoning by neurotoxins as a result of eating the flesh of tropical marine fish that carries a toxic dinoflagellate.


word: CILICE
russian_word: ткань из волоса
definition: a hair shirt.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈsɪlɪs
origin:
late 16th century: from French, from Latin cilicium, from Greek kilikion, from Kilikia, the Greek name for Cilicia in Asia Minor (because hair shirts were originally made of Cilician goats' hair).


