# Dictionary_data_final

word: POWER
russian_word: мощность
antonyms: inability|incapacity
synonyms: ability|capacity|capability|potential|potentiality|faculty|property|competence|competency
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French poeir, from an alteration of Latin posse ‘be able’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpaʊə
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊə
example:
the power of speech|a political process that offers people power over their own lives|the power of the storm|generating power from waste|2 to the power of 4 equals 16|there's a power of difference between farming now and when I was a lad

definition:
the ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way.|the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events.|physical strength and force exerted by something or someone.|energy that is produced by mechanical, electrical, or other means and used to operate a device.|the rate of doing work, measured in watts or less frequently horse power.|the product obtained when a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times.|a large number or amount of something.


word: POWERFUL
russian_word: мощный
example: a fast, powerful car
definition: having great power or strength.
antonyms: weak|gentle
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈpaʊəfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊəfʊl|ˈpaʊəf(ə)l
synonyms:
strong|muscular|muscly|sturdy|strapping|robust|mighty|hefty|brawny|burly|husky|athletic|manly|well built|Herculean|tough|solid|substantial|lusty|beefy|hunky|ripped|shredded|buff|jacked|stalwart|stark|thewy|intoxicating|heady|hard|stiff|spirituous|intoxicant|violent|forceful|heavy|vigorous|thunderous


word: POWERLESS
russian_word: бессильный
example: troops were powerless to stop last night's shooting
definition: without ability, influence, or power.
antonyms: powerful|strong
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpaʊəlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊəlɪs
synonyms:
impotent|helpless|without power|ineffectual|inadequate|ineffective|with no say|useless|defenceless|vulnerable|weak|feeble|paralysed|unable|not able|incapable|impuissant|resistless


word: POWERLIFTING
russian_word: пауэрлифтинг
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌʊəlɪftɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌʊəlɪftɪŋ
definition:
a form of competitive weightlifting in which contestants attempt three types of lift in a set sequence.


word: POWER POLITICS
russian_word: политика с позиции силы
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
political action by a person or group which makes use of or is intended to increase their power or influence.


word: POWWOW
russian_word: паувау
origin: early 17th century: from Narragansett powah, powwaw ‘magician’ (literally ‘he dreams’).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpaʊwaʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpaʊwaʊ
definition:
a North American Indian ceremony involving feasting, singing and dancing.|a conference or meeting for discussion, especially among friends or colleagues.


word: POX
russian_word: сифилис
origin: late Middle English: alteration of pocks, plural of pock.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pɒks
phonetics_text: pɒks
definition:
any of several viral diseases producing a rash of pimples that become pus-filled and leave pockmarks on healing.


word: POXVIRUS
russian_word: поксвирус
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
any of a group of large DNA viruses that cause smallpox and similar infectious diseases in vertebrates.


word: PRACTICABILITY
russian_word: целесообразность
example: the practicability of his ideas has nothing to do with their truth
definition: the quality of being practicable; viability.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpraktɪkəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ˌpraktɪkəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
feasibility|viability|practicality|possibility|workability|workableness|achievability|attainability|usefulness|use|utility|value


word: PRACTICABLE
russian_word: реальный
example: the measures will be put into effect as soon as is reasonably practicable
definition: able to be done or put into practice successfully.
antonyms: impracticable|impossible
origin: mid 17th century: from French praticable, from pratiquer ‘put into practice’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpraktɪkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpraktɪkəb(ə)l
synonyms:
realistic|feasible|possible|within reason|viable|reasonable|sensible|workable|achievable|attainable|doable|accomplishable


word: PRACTICAL
russian_word: практический
antonyms: theoretical
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpraktɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpraktɪk(ə)l
example:
there are two obvious practical applications of the research|neither of these strategies are practical for smaller businesses|for all practical purposes, she's his girlfriend

definition:
of or concerned with the actual doing or use of something rather than with theory and ideas.|(of an idea, plan, or method) likely to succeed or be effective in real circumstances; feasible.|so nearly the case that it can be regarded as so; virtual.

synonyms:
empirical|hands-on|pragmatic|real|actual|active|applied|experiential|experimental|non-theoretical|in the field|how-to|heuristic|empiric

origin:
late 16th century: from archaic practic  ‘practical’ (from Old French practique, via late Latin from Greek praktikos ‘concerned with action’, from prattein ‘do, act’) + -al.


word: PRACTICALITY
russian_word: практичность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpraktɪˈkalɪti
phonetics_text: ˌpraktɪˈkalɪti
example:
there are still major doubts about the practicality of the proposal|the practicalities of living at sea

definition:
the quality or state of being practical.|the aspects of a situation that involve the actual doing or experience of something rather than theories or ideas.

synonyms:
feasibility|possibility|practicability|viability|workability|utility|usefulness|use|value|functionalism|functionality|serviceability|common sense|sense|realism|pragmatism|matter-of-factness


word: PRACTICALLY
russian_word: практически
example: the strike lasted practically a fortnight|‘He might win,’ pointed out Emmeline practically
definition: virtually; almost.|in a practical manner.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpraktɪkli
phonetics_text: ˈpraktɪkli
synonyms:
almost|nearly|very nearly|virtually|just about|all but|more or less|not far from|close to|in effect|as good as|to all intents and purposes|approaching|verging on|bordering on|next to|essentially|basically|pretty much|pretty nearly|pretty well|well-nigh


word: PRACTICE
russian_word: практика
origin: late Middle English: from practise, on the pattern of pairs such as advise, advice .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpraktɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpraktɪs
example:
the principles and practice of teaching|product placement is common practice in American movies|it must have taken a lot of practice to become so fluent

definition:
the actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method, as opposed to theories relating to it.|the customary, habitual, or expected procedure or way of doing of something.|repeated exercise in or performance of an activity or skill so as to acquire or maintain proficiency in it.

synonyms:
application|exercise|use|operation|implementation|execution|enactment|action|doing|make use of|put to use|utilize|apply|employ|put into effect/operation|draw on|bring into play


word: PRACTISE
russian_word: практика
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpraktɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpraktɪs
example:
I need to practise my French|we still practise some of these rituals today|what a tangled web we weave when we first practise to deceive

definition:
perform (an activity) or exercise (a skill) repeatedly or regularly in order to acquire, improve or maintain proficiency in it.|carry out or perform (a particular activity, method, or custom) habitually or regularly.|scheme or plot for an evil purpose.

synonyms:
rehearse|run through|go through|go over|work on|work at|repeat|polish|refine|perfect|train|prepare|exercise|drill|work out|warm up|go through one's paces|keep one's hand in|get into shape|do exercises|study|knock up

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French practiser or medieval Latin practizare, alteration of practicare ‘perform, carry out’, from practica ‘practice’, from Greek praktikē, feminine (used as a noun), of praktikos (see practical).


word: PRACTISED
russian_word: практикуется
example: admiring the dress with a practised eye
definition: expert, typically as the result of much experience.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpraktɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpraktɪst
synonyms:
expert|experienced|seasoned|skilled|skilful|accomplished|proficient|talented|able|capable|adept|adroit|consummate|master|masterly|veteran|trained|qualified|well trained|well versed|crack|ace|mean|demon|wizard|crackerjack|compleat


word: PRAEMUNIRE
russian_word: посягательство на власть короля и его правительства
definition: the offence of asserting or maintaining papal jurisdiction in England.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːmjuːˈnɪəri
phonetics_text: ˌpriːmjuːˈnɪəri
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin, ‘forewarn’, from Latin praemonere, from prae ‘beforehand’ + monere ‘warn’. The term comes from praemunire facias ‘that you warn (a person to appear)’, part of the wording in the writ.


word: PRAEPOSTOR
russian_word: староста
definition: (at some public schools) a prefect or monitor.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈpɒstə
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɒstə
origin:
mid 18th century: from praepositor, alteration of Latin praepositus ‘head, chief’, past participle of praeponere ‘set over’, from prae ‘ahead’ + ponere ‘to place’.


word: PRAGMATIC
russian_word: прагматический
antonyms: impractical|unrealistic|idealistic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: praɡˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: praɡˈmatɪk
definition:
dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.

synonyms:
practical|matter-of-fact|realistic|sensible|down-to-earth|commonsensical|hard-headed|expedient|businesslike|rational|reasonable|no-nonsense|unsentimental|unidealistic|hard-nosed

origin:
late 16th century (in the senses ‘busy, interfering, conceited’): via Latin from Greek pragmatikos ‘relating to fact’, from pragma ‘deed’ (from the stem of prattein ‘do’). The current senses date from the mid 19th century.


word: PRAGMATICS
russian_word: прагматика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: praɡˈmatɪks
phonetics_text: praɡˈmatɪks
definition:
the branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used, including such matters as deixis, the taking of turns in conversation, text organization, presupposition, and implicature.


word: PRAGMATISM
russian_word: прагматизм
example: ideology had been tempered with pragmatism
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pragma, pragmat- ‘deed’ (see pragmatic) + -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpraɡmətɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈpraɡmətɪz(ə)m
definition:
a pragmatic attitude or policy.|an approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.


word: PRAGMATIST
russian_word: прагматик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpraɡmətɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpraɡmətɪst
example:
hardheaded pragmatists firmly rooted in the real world|American pragmatists have influenced a great deal of recent philosophy of many types

definition:
a person who is guided more by practical considerations than by ideals.|an advocate of the approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.


word: PRAIRIE
russian_word: прерия
origin: late 18th century: from French, from Old French praerie, from Latin pratum ‘meadow’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛːri
phonetics_text: ˈprɛːri
definition:
a large open area of grassland, especially in North America.|a steam locomotive of 2-6-2 wheel arrangement.


word: PRAISE
russian_word: похвала
example: we can't praise Chris enough—he did a brilliant job|we praise God for past blessings
antonyms: criticize|condemn
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: preɪz
phonetics_text: preɪz
definition:
express warm approval or admiration of.|express one's respect and gratitude towards (a deity), especially in song.

synonyms:
commend|express approval of|express admiration for|applaud|pay tribute to|speak highly of|eulogize|compliment|congratulate|celebrate|sing the praises of|praise to the skies|rave about|go into raptures about|heap praise on|wax lyrical about|say nice things about|make much of|pat on the back|take one's hat off to|throw bouquets at|lionize|admire|hail|cheer|flatter|big someone/something up|ballyhoo|cry someone/something up|laud|panegyrize

origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘set a price on, attach value to’): from Old French preisier ‘to prize, praise’, from late Latin pretiare, from Latin pretium ‘price’. Compare with prize1.


word: PRAISEWORTHY
russian_word: похвальный
example: the government's praiseworthy efforts
definition: deserving approval and admiration.
antonyms: blameworthy|disgraceful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpreɪzwəːði
phonetics_text: ˈpreɪzwəːði
synonyms:
commendable|laudable|admirable|creditable|worthy|worthy of admiration|meritorious|deserving|honourable|estimable|exemplary|excellent|sterling|fine|applaudable


word: PRALINE
russian_word: пралине
example: white chocolate and praline cheesecake
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɑːliːn
phonetics_text: ˈprɑːliːn|ˈpreɪliːn
definition:
a smooth, sweet substance made by boiling nuts in sugar and grinding the mixture, used especially as a filling for chocolates.

origin:
early 18th century: from French, named after Marshal de Plessis-Praslin (1598–1675), the French soldier whose cook invented it.


word: PRANK
russian_word: шалость
example: the tapestry was stolen as part of a drunken student prank
definition: a practical joke or mischievous act.
origin: early 16th century (denoting a wicked deed): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: praŋk
phonetics_text: praŋk
synonyms:
practical joke|trick|mischievous act|piece of mischief|joke|escapade|stunt|caper|jape|game|hoax|antic|lark|leg-pull|dido|goak|rag|cutup|quiz|frolic|freak|gambado|gambade|rig|prat


word: PRASEODYMIUM
russian_word: празеодимий
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 59, a soft silvery-white metal of the lanthanide series.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpreɪzɪə(ʊ)ˈdɪmɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpreɪzɪə(ʊ)ˈdɪmɪəm
origin:
late 19th century: modern Latin, from German Praseodym, from Greek prasios ‘leek-green’ (because of its green salts) + German Didym ‘didymium’.


word: PRATINCOLE
russian_word: тиркушка луговая
origin: late 18th century: from modern Latin pratincola, from Latin pratum ‘meadow’ + incola ‘inhabitant’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpratɪŋkəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈpratɪŋkəʊl
definition:
a long-winged fork-tailed insectivorous bird related to the plovers, resembling a swallow in flight and typically living near water.


word: PRATIQUE
russian_word: свидетельство о снятии карантина
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpratɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpratɪk
definition:
permission granted to a ship to have dealings with a port, given after quarantine or on showing a clean bill of health.

origin:
early 17th century: from French, literally ‘practice’, via Italian from medieval Latin practica, feminine (used as a noun) of practicus ‘practical’.


word: PRATTLE
russian_word: лепет
example: she began to prattle on about her visit to the dentist
definition: talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way.
origin: mid 16th century: from Middle Low German pratelen, from praten (see prate).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈprat(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprat(ə)l
synonyms:
chatter|babble|prate|blather|blether|ramble|gabble|jabber|twitter|go on|run on|rattle on/away|blither|maunder|drivel|patter|gossip|tittle-tattle|tattle|yap|jibber-jabber|cackle|slabber|chit-chat|jaw|gas|gab|blabber|yak|yackety-yak|yabber|yatter|shoot one's mouth off|witter|rabbit|chunter|natter|waffle|run off at the mouth|mag|twaddle|clack|twattle


word: PRAXIS
russian_word: практика
definition: practice, as distinguished from theory.|accepted practice or custom.
origin: late 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek, literally ‘doing’, from prattein ‘do’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpraksɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpraksɪs
example:
modern political praxis is now thoroughly permeated with a productivist ethos|patterns of Christian praxis in Church and society


word: PRAY
russian_word: молиться
example: the whole family are praying for Michael
definition: address a prayer to God or another deity.
part_of_speech: verb|adverb
phonetic: preɪ
phonetics_text: preɪ
synonyms:
say one's prayers|be at prayer|make one's devotions|offer a prayer/prayers|commune with|invoke|call on|implore|appeal to|entreat|beseech|beg|ask/request earnestly|plead|crave|petition|solicit|supplicate|importune|obsecrate

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘ask earnestly’): from Old French preier, from late Latin precare, alteration of Latin precari ‘entreat’.


word: PRAYER
russian_word: молитва
example: I'll say a prayer for him
definition: a solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or another deity.
synonyms: invocation|intercession|devotion|orison
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛː
phonetics_text: prɛː
origin:
Middle English: from Old French preiere, based on Latin precarius ‘obtained by entreaty’, from prex, prec- ‘prayer’.


word: PREACH
russian_word: проповедовать
example: he preached to a large congregation
definition: deliver a sermon or religious address to an assembled group of people, typically in church.
synonyms: give a sermon|deliver a sermon|sermonize|spread the gospel|evangelize|address|speak|gospelize
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːtʃ
phonetics_text: priːtʃ
origin:
Middle English: from Old French prechier, from Latin praedicare ‘proclaim’, in ecclesiastical Latin‘preach’, from prae ‘before’ + dicare ‘declare’.


word: PREACHER
russian_word: проповедник
definition: a person who preaches, especially a minister of religion.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːtʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpriːtʃə
synonyms:
minister (of religion)|parson|clergyman|clergywoman|member of the clergy|priest|man/woman of the cloth|man/woman of God|cleric|churchman|churchwoman|evangelist|apostle|missionary|revivalist|evangelical|gospeller|sermonizer|spreader of the faith|crusader|proselytizer|moralizer|kirkman|televangelist|dominie|reverend|padre|Holy Joe|sky pilot|hot gospeller|preacher man|preach|josser|predicant|pulpiteer|homilist

origin:
Middle English: from Old French precheor, from ecclesiastical Latin praedicator, from the verb praedicare (see preach).


word: PREACHING
russian_word: проповедь
example: large numbers of people would come to hear his preaching
definition: the delivery of a sermon or religious address to an assembled group of people, typically in church.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːtʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpriːtʃɪŋ
synonyms:
religious teaching|instruction|message|sermons|sermonizing|homilies|evangelism|homiletics|pulpitry|kerygma


word: PREACHY
russian_word: любящий поучать
example: his patriotic pictures had a preachy tone
definition: having or showing a tendency to give moral advice in a tedious or self-righteous way.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpriːtʃi
phonetics_text: ˈpriːtʃi
synonyms:
moralistic|moralizing|sanctimonious|self-righteous|holier-than-thou|priggish|sententious|pietistic|didactic|dogmatic|unco guid|Pharisaic|Pharisaical


word: PREAMBLE
russian_word: преамбула
example: he could tell that what she said was by way of a preamble
definition: a preliminary or preparatory statement; an introduction.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːˈamb(ə)l
phonetics_text: priːˈamb(ə)l|ˈpriːamb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French preambule, from medieval Latin praeambulum, from late Latin praeambulus ‘going before’.


word: PREAMPLIFIER
russian_word: предусилитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːˈamplɪfʌɪə
phonetics_text: priːˈamplɪfʌɪə
definition:
an electronic device that amplifies a very weak signal, for example from a microphone or pickup, and transmits it to a main amplifier.


word: PREBEND
russian_word: пребенда
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛb(ə)nd
phonetics_text: ˈprɛb(ə)nd
definition:
the portion of the revenues of a cathedral or collegiate church formerly granted to a canon or member of the chapter as his stipend.|another term for prebendary.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French prebende, from late Latin praebenda ‘things to be supplied, pension’, neuter plural gerundive of Latin praebere ‘to grant’, from prae ‘before’ + habere ‘hold, have’.


word: PREBENDARY
russian_word: пребендарий
definition: an honorary canon.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛb(ə)nd(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprɛb(ə)nd(ə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin praebendarius, from late Latin praebenda ‘pension’ (see prebend).


word: PREBIOTIC
russian_word: пребиотик
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌpriːbʌɪˈɒtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpriːbʌɪˈɒtɪk
definition:
existing or occurring before the emergence of life.|promoting the growth of beneficial intestinal microorganisms.


word: PRECAUTION
russian_word: предосторожность
example: he had taken the precaution of seeking legal advice
synonyms: safeguard|safety measure|insurance|defence|provision|backstop
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈkɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈkɔːʃ(ə)n
definition:
a measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant, or inconvenient from happening.

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘prudent foresight’): from French précaution, from late Latin praecautio(n- ), from Latin praecavere, from prae ‘before’ + cavere ‘take heed, beware of’.


word: PRECEDE
russian_word: предшествовать
example: a gun battle had preceded the explosions
definition: come before (something) in time.
antonyms: follow|succeed
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈsiːd
phonetics_text: prɪˈsiːd
synonyms:
go/come before|go in advance of|lead up to|lead to|pave the way for|prepare the way for|set the scene for|herald|introduce|usher in|antecede|predate|antedate|forego|prevene

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French preceder, from Latin praecedere, from prae ‘before’ + cedere ‘go’.


word: PRECEDENCE
russian_word: приоритет
example: his desire for power soon took precedence over any other consideration
synonyms: take priority over|outweigh|supersede|prevail over|come before
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛsɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsɪd(ə)ns|prɪˈsiːd(ə)ns
definition:
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority in importance, order, or rank.


word: PRECEDENT
russian_word: прецедент
example: there are substantial precedents for using interactive media in training
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: late Middle English: from Old French, literally ‘preceding’.
definition:
an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.

synonyms:
model|exemplar|example|pattern|previous case|prior case|previous instance/example|prior instance/example|paradigm|criterion|yardstick|standard|lead|guide


word: PRECEDING
russian_word: предшествующий
example: the preceding pages
definition: coming before something in order, position, or time.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈsiːdɪŋ
phonetics_text: prɪˈsiːdɪŋ
synonyms:
foregoing|previous|prior|former|precursory|earlier|above|above-mentioned|aforementioned|above-stated|above-named|antecedent|anterior|prevenient|precedent|precursive|supra


word: PRECENTOR
russian_word: регент хора
definition: a person who leads a congregation in its singing or (in a synagogue) prayers.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈsɛntə
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɛntə
origin:
early 17th century: from French précenteur or Latin praecentor, from praecent- ‘sung before’, from the verb praecinere, from prae ‘before’ + canere ‘sing’.


word: PRECEPT
russian_word: заповедь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːsɛpt
phonetics_text: ˈpriːsɛpt
example:
the legal precept of being innocent until proven guilty|the Commissioner issued precepts requiring the companies to provide information|the precept required a supplementary rate of 6.1p in the pound

definition:
a general rule intended to regulate behaviour or thought.|a writ or warrant.|an order issued by one local authority to another specifying the rate of tax to be charged on its behalf.

synonyms:
principle|rule|tenet|canon|code|doctrine|guideline|working principle|law|ordinance|statute|command|order|decree|mandate|dictate|dictum|directive|direction|instruction|injunction|prescription|commandment|mitzvah|prescript

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praeceptum, neuter past participle of praecipere ‘warn, instruct’, from prae ‘before’ + capere ‘take’.


word: PRECEPTOR
russian_word: наставник
definition: a teacher or instructor.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈsɛptə
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɛptə
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praeceptor, from praecept- ‘warned, instructed’, from the verb praecipere (see precept).


word: PRECESSION
russian_word: прецессия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
the slow movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis due to a torque (such as gravitational influence) acting to change the direction of the first axis. It is seen in the circle slowly traced out by the pole of a spinning gyroscope.

origin:
late 16th century (as a term in astronomy, referring to the precession of the equinoxes): from late Latin praecessio(n- ), from praecedere ‘go before’ (see precede).


word: PRECINCT
russian_word: избирательный участок
example: a former MP who still works in the precincts of the House|a pedestrian precinct
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːsɪŋ(k)t
phonetics_text: ˈpriːsɪŋ(k)t
definition:
the area within the walls or perceived boundaries of a particular building or place.|an area in a town designated for specific or restricted use, especially one which is closed to traffic.|a district of a city or town as defined for policing purposes.

synonyms:
bounds|boundaries|limits|confines|surrounding area|environs|surroundings|purlieus|surrounds|neighbourhood|vicinity|locality

origin:
late Middle English (denoting an administrative district): from medieval Latin praecinctum, neuter past participle (used as a noun) of praecingere ‘encircle’, from prae ‘before’ + cingere ‘gird’.


word: PRECIOSITY
russian_word: изысканность
example: she uses dialect to create a poetry that is free of highbrow preciosity
definition: excessive refinement in art, music, or language.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛʃɪˈɒsɪti
phonetics_text: ˌprɛʃɪˈɒsɪti
origin:
mid 19th century: suggested by French préciosité, a sense derived from Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (1659), a comedy in which ladies frequenting the literary salons of Paris were satirized.


word: PRECIOUS
russian_word: драгоценный
example: precious works of art|his exaggerated, precious manner
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈprɛʃəs
definition:
of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly.|affectedly concerned with elegant or refined behaviour, language, or manners.

synonyms:
valuable|costly|expensive|high-priced|dear|invaluable|priceless|beyond price|of incalculable value/worth|rare|choice|fine|exquisite|irreplaceable|inestimable

origin:
Middle English: from Old French precios, from Latin pretiosus ‘of great value’, from pretium ‘price’.


word: PRECIPICE
russian_word: пропасть
example: we swerved toward the edge of the precipice
definition: a very steep rock face or cliff, especially a tall one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛsɪpɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsɪpɪs
synonyms:
cliff face|steep cliff|rock face|sheer drop|cliff|crag|bluff|height|escarpment|scarp|escarp|scar|linn|krantz|steep

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a headlong fall): from French précipice or Latin praecipitium ‘abrupt descent’, from praeceps, praecip(it)- ‘steep, headlong’.


word: PRECIPITANT
russian_word: осадитель
example: the immediate precipitants of the conflict|a protein precipitant
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈsɪpɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɪpɪt(ə)nt
definition:
a cause of a particular action or event.|a substance that causes the precipitation of a specified substance.

origin:
early 17th century: from obsolete French précipitant ‘precipitating’, present participle of précipiter .


word: PRECIPITATE
russian_word: осадок
part_of_speech: verb|adjective|noun
example:
the incident precipitated a political crisis|cell proteins were then precipitated and washed in 10% trichloroacetic acid

definition:
cause (an event or situation, typically one that is undesirable) to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely.|cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution.

synonyms:
bring about|bring on|cause|lead to|occasion|give rise to|trigger|spark|touch off|provoke|hasten|accelerate|expedite|speed up|advance|quicken|push forward|further|instigate|induce

phonetic:
early 16th century: from Latin praecipitat- ‘thrown headlong’, from the verb praecipitare, from praeceps, praecip(it)- ‘headlong’, from prae ‘before’ + caput ‘head’. The original sense of the verb was ‘hurl down, send violently’; hence ‘cause to move rapidly’, which gave rise to sense 1 (early 17th century).


word: PRECIPITATION
russian_word: осадки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
these convective processes produce cloud and precipitation|they were already regretting their precipitation

definition:
the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution.|rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.|the fact or quality of acting suddenly and rashly.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action of falling or throwing down): from Latin praecipitatio(n- ), from praecipitare ‘throw down or headlong’ (see precipitate).


word: PRECIPITOUS
russian_word: обрывистый
example: the track skirted a precipitous drop|precipitous intervention
definition: dangerously high or steep.|(of an action) done suddenly and without careful consideration.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈsɪpɪtəs
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɪpɪtəs
synonyms:
steep|sheer|high|perpendicular|abrupt|sharp|dizzy|vertiginous|vertical|bluff|acclivitous|declivitous

origin:
mid 17th century: from obsolete French précipiteux, from Latin praeceps, praecip(it)- ‘steep, headlong’ (see precipitate).


word: PRECIS
russian_word: конспект
definition: a summary or abstract of a text or speech.
origin: mid 18th century: from French précis, literally ‘precise’ (adjective used as a noun).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpreɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈpreɪsi
synonyms:
summary|synopsis|résumé|abstract|outline|summarization|summation|abridgement|digest|condensation|abbreviation|survey|overview|rundown|run-through|sketch|tour d'horizon|wrap-up|headnote|brief|conspectus|summa|epitome|compendium


word: PRECISE
russian_word: точный
example: precise directions
definition: marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail.
antonyms: imprecise|inaccurate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈsʌɪs
phonetics_text: prɪˈsʌɪs
synonyms:
exact|accurate|correct|error-free|pinpoint|specific|detailed|explicit|clear-cut|unambiguous|meticulous|close|strict|definite|particular|express|minute|faithful|inch-perfect

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French prescis, from Latin praecis- ‘cut short’, from the verb praecidere, from prae ‘in advance’ + caedere ‘to cut’.


word: PRECISION
russian_word: точность
example: the deal was planned and executed with military precision
definition: the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
exactness|exactitude|accuracy|accurateness|correctness|preciseness|clarity|clearness|distinctness|faithfulness|fidelity|care|carefulness|meticulousness|scrupulousness|punctiliousness|particularity|methodicalness|perfection|rigour|rigorousness|nicety

origin:
mid 18th century: from French précision or Latin praecisio(n- ), from praecidere ‘cut off’ (see precise).


word: PRECLINICAL
russian_word: доклинический
example: preclinical students|preclinical muscular dystrophy|preclinical trials
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: priːˈklɪnɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: priːˈklɪnɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting the first, chiefly theoretical, stage of a medical education.|relating to or denoting the stage in a disease prior to the appearance of symptoms that make a diagnosis possible.|relating to or denoting the stage of drug testing that precedes the clinical stage.


word: PRECLUDE
russian_word: препятствовать
example: the secret nature of his work precluded official recognition
definition: prevent from happening; make impossible.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈkluːd
phonetics_text: prɪˈkluːd
synonyms:
prevent|make it impossible for|make it impracticable for|rule out|put a stop to|stop|prohibit|debar|interdict|block|bar|hinder|impede|inhibit|exclude|disqualify|forbid|estop

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘bar a route or passage’): from Latin praecludere, from prae ‘before’ + claudere ‘to shut’.


word: PRECOCIAL
russian_word: выводковых
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈkəʊʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: prɪˈkəʊʃ(ə)l
definition:
(of a young bird or other animal) hatched or born in an advanced state and able to feed itself almost immediately.

origin:
late 19th century: from modern Latin Praecoces (the name of a former division of birds, plural of Latin praecox ‘mature before its time’) + -ial.


word: PRECOCIOUS
russian_word: скороспелый
example: a precocious, solitary boy
antonyms: backward|slow
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈkəʊʃəs
phonetics_text: prɪˈkəʊʃəs
definition:
(of a child) having developed certain abilities or inclinations at an earlier age than is usual or expected.

synonyms:
advanced|old beyond one's years|forward|ahead of one's peers|mature|prematurely developed|ahead|gifted|talented|clever|intelligent|quick|smart|rathe-ripe

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin praecox, praecoc- (from praecoquere ‘ripen fully’, from prae ‘before’ + coquere ‘to cook’) + -ious.


word: PRECOGNITION
russian_word: предварительный допрос свидетелей
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin praecognitio(n- ), based on Latin cognoscere ‘know’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːkɒɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpriːkɒɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
foreknowledge of an event, especially as a form of extrasensory perception.|the preliminary examination of witnesses, especially to decide whether there is ground for a trial.


word: PRECONCEPTION
russian_word: предубеждение
definition: a preconceived idea or prejudice.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːkənˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: priːkənˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
preconceived idea/notion|presupposition|assumption|presumption|prejudgement|expectation|prepossession|prejudice|bias|parti pris


word: PRECONDITION
russian_word: предпосылка
example: a precondition for peace
definition: a condition that must be fulfilled before other things can happen or be done.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: priːkənˈdɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: priːkənˈdɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
prerequisite|necessary condition|obligatory condition|essential condition|condition|requirement|necessity|essential|necessary thing|imperative|stipulation|proviso|sine qua non|must


word: PRECONDITIONED
russian_word: выдержано
example: a preconditioned response|preconditioned paper
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃ(ə)nd
phonetics_text: ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃ(ə)nd
definition:
conditioned or influenced by exposure to stimuli or information prior to the relevant behavioural situation.|brought into the desired state for use.


word: PRECONDITIONING
russian_word: предварительная подготовка
example: the protective effect of preconditioning
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃ(ə)nɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃ(ə)nɪŋ
definition:
a technique of conditioning or influencing a person or animal by exposing them to stimuli or information prior to the relevant behavioural situation.


word: PRECONSCIOUS
russian_word: предсознательный
example: beliefs and values which are on a preconscious level
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: priːˈkɒnʃəs
phonetics_text: priːˈkɒnʃəs
definition:
of or associated with a part of the mind below the level of immediate conscious awareness, from which memories and emotions that have not been repressed can be recalled.


word: PRECURSOR
russian_word: предшественник
example: a three-stringed precursor of the violin
definition: a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈkəːsə
phonetics_text: prɪˈkəːsə
synonyms:
forerunner|predecessor|forefather|father|parent|antecedent|ancestor|forebear|progenitor|pioneer|trailblazer

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praecursor, from praecurs- ‘preceded’, from praecurrere, from prae ‘beforehand’ + currere ‘to run’.


word: PRECURSORY
russian_word: предшествующий
example: precursory seismic activity
definition: preceding something in time, development, or position; preliminary.
origin: late 16th century: from Latin praecursorius, from praecurs- ‘preceded’ (see precursor).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈkəːs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: prɪˈkəːs(ə)ri
synonyms:
preliminary|prior|previous|antecedent|preceding|introductory|preparatory|prefatory|warning|premonitory|anterior|precursive|preludial|prelusive|prevenient


word: PREDATION
russian_word: хищничество
example: an effective defence against predation|the old story of male predation and female vulnerability
definition: the preying of one animal on others.|the action of attacking or plundering.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late 15th century (in the Latin sense): from Latin praedatio(n- ) ‘taking of booty’, from the verb praedari ‘seize as plunder’, from praeda ‘booty’. The zoological sense dates from the 1930s.


word: PREDATOR
russian_word: хищник
example: wolves are major predators of small mammals|a sexual predator
definition: an animal that naturally preys on others.|a person who ruthlessly exploits others.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛdətə
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdətə
origin:
1920s: from Latin praedator ‘plunderer’, from praedat- ‘seized as plunder’, from the verb praedari (see predation).


word: PREDATORY
russian_word: хищный
example: predatory species of shark|new laws have been passed designed to crack down on predatory lenders
definition: (of an animal) preying naturally on others.|seeking to exploit others.
synonyms: predacious|carnivorous|hunting|raptorial|ravening|of prey|raptatorial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛdət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdət(ə)ri
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘relating to plundering’): from Latin praedatorius, from praedator ‘plunderer’ (see predator).


word: PREDECESSOR
russian_word: предшественник
definition: a person who held a job or office before the current holder.
antonyms: successor
synonyms: forerunner|precursor|antecedent
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːdɪsɛsə
phonetics_text: ˈpriːdɪsɛsə
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin praedecessor, from Latin prae ‘beforehand’ + decessor ‘retiring officer’ (from decedere ‘depart’).


word: PREDESTINATE
russian_word: предопределять
definition: predestine.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic:
late Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin praedestinat- ‘made firm beforehand’, from the verb praedestinare, from prae ‘in advance’ + destinare ‘establish’.


word: PREDESTINATION
russian_word: предопределение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: priːˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
(in Christian theology) the doctrine that God has ordained all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin.

origin:
Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin praedestinatio(n- ), from praedestinare ‘make firm beforehand’ (see predestinate).


word: PREDESTINE
russian_word: предопределять
example: Calvinists believed that every person was predestined by God to go to heaven or to hell
definition: (of God) destine (someone) for a particular fate or purpose.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːˈdɛstɪn
phonetics_text: priːˈdɛstɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French predestiner or ecclesiastical Latin praedestinare (see predestinate).


word: PREDETERMINE
russian_word: предопределять
example: closed questions almost predetermine the response given
definition: establish or decide in advance.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːdɪˈtəːmɪn
phonetics_text: priːdɪˈtəːmɪn
origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin praedeterminare, from prae ‘beforehand’ + determinare ‘limit, settle’.


word: PREDIABETES
russian_word: преддиабет
example: he has high blood pressure and was recently diagnosed with prediabetes
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːdʌɪəˈbiːtiːz
phonetics_text: ˌpriːdʌɪəˈbiːtiːz
definition:
a condition characterized by slightly elevated blood glucose levels, regarded as indicative that a person is at risk of progressing to Type 2 diabetes.


word: PREDICABLE
russian_word: атрибутивный
definition: that may be predicated or affirmed.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛdɪkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdɪkəb(ə)l
origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin praedicabilis ‘able to be affirmed’, from Latin praedicare ‘declare’ (see predicate).


word: PREDICAMENT
russian_word: затруднительное положение
example: the club's financial predicament
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈdɪkəm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɪkəm(ə)nt
definition:
a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.|(in Aristotelian logic) each of the ten ‘categories’, often listed as: substance or being, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, posture, having or possession, action, and passion.

synonyms:
difficult situation|awkward situation|mess|difficulty|problematic situation|issue|plight|quandary|trouble|muddle|mare's nest|crisis|hole|fix|jam|sticky situation|pickle|scrape|bind|tight spot/corner|spot|corner|dilemma|hot/deep water|kettle of fish|how-do-you-do

origin:
late Middle English (in predicament (sense 2)): from late Latin praedicamentum ‘something predicated’ (rendering Greek katēgoria ‘category’), from Latin praedicare (see predicate). From the sense ‘category’ arose the sense ‘state of being, condition’; hence ‘unpleasant situation’.


word: PREDICANT
russian_word: проповедник
definition: (especially of the religious order of the Dominicans) characterized by preaching.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛdɪk(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdɪk(ə)nt
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin praedicant- ‘declaring’, from the verb praedicare, in ecclesiastical Latin meaning ‘preach’.


word: PREDICATE
russian_word: предикат
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject (e.g. went home in John went home ).|something which is affirmed or denied concerning an argument of a proposition.

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Latin praedicatum ‘something declared’, neuter of praedicatus ‘declared, proclaimed’, past participle of the verb praedicare, from prae ‘beforehand’ + dicare ‘make known’.


word: PREDICATIVE
russian_word: предикативный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈdɪkətɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɪkətɪv
definition:
(of an adjective or noun) forming or contained in the predicate, as old in the dog is old (but not in the old dog ) and house in there is a large house.|acting as a predicate.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin praedicativus, from praedicat- ‘declared’ (in medieval Latin ‘predicated’), from the verb praedicare (see predicate).


word: PREDICT
russian_word: прогнозировать
example: it is too early to predict a result
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈdɪkt
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɪkt
definition:
say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something.

synonyms:
forecast|foretell|foresee|prophesy|divine|prognosticate|anticipate|see|say|tell in advance|project|speculate|envision|envisage|imagine|picture|estimate|conjecture|guess|hazard a guess|augur|previse|presage|foreshow|spae|vaticinate|auspicate

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin praedict- ‘made known beforehand, declared’, from the verb praedicere, from prae- ‘beforehand’ + dicere ‘say’.


word: PREDICTABLE
russian_word: предсказуемый
example: the market is volatile and never predictable
definition: able to be predicted.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈdɪktəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɪktəb(ə)l
synonyms:
foreseeable|(only) to be expected|expected|par for the course|unsurprising|anticipated|probable|likely|foreseen|formulaic|formularized|obvious|inevitable|on the cards


word: PREDICTION
russian_word: прогноз
example: a prediction that economic growth would resume
definition: a thing predicted; a forecast.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
forecast|prophecy|divination|prognosis|prognostication|augury|bet|projection|conjecture|guess|vaticination|prognostic|auspication

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin praedictio(n- ), from praedicere ‘make known beforehand’ (see predict).


word: PREDICTOR
russian_word: предсказатель
example: business trend predictors have said some interesting things about the power of networks
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈdɪktə
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɪktə
definition:
a person or thing that predicts that something will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something.


word: PREDIGEST
russian_word: готовить к употреблению
example: pithy passages have been predigested for the reader and arranged under appropriate headings
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌpriːdɪˈdʒɛst
phonetics_text: ˌpriːdɪˈdʒɛst|ˌpriːdʌɪˈdʒɛst
definition:
(of an animal) treat (food) by a process similar to digestion in order to make it more digestible when subsequently eaten.|simplify (information) so as to make it easier to understand or absorb.


word: PREDILECTION
russian_word: пристрастие
example: my predilection for Asian food
definition: a preference or special liking for something; a bias in favour of something.
antonyms: dislike|disinclination
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːdɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpriːdɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
liking|fondness|preference|partiality|taste|penchant|weakness|soft spot|fancy|inclination|leaning|bias|propensity|bent|proclivity|proneness|predisposition|tendency|affinity|appetite|love|gusto

origin:
mid 18th century: from French prédilection, from Latin praedilect- ‘preferred’, from the verb praediligere, from prae ‘in advance’ + diligere ‘to select’.


word: PREDISPOSE
russian_word: предрасполагать
example: lack of exercise may predispose an individual to high blood pressure
definition: make someone liable or inclined to a specified attitude, action, or condition.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌpriːdɪˈspəʊz
phonetics_text: ˌpriːdɪˈspəʊz
synonyms:
make susceptible|make liable|make prone|lay open|make vulnerable|put at risk of|leave open|make subject|lead|incline|move|persuade|influence|sway|induce|prompt|dispose|make|make of a mind to|bias|prejudice|inclined|prepared|ready|of a mind|disposed|minded|willing|not unwilling|in the mood|liable|susceptible|biased|prejudiced


word: PREDISPOSITION
russian_word: предрасположение
example: a child may inherit a predisposition to schizophrenia
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːdɪspəˈzɪʃn
phonetics_text: priːdɪspəˈzɪʃn
definition:
a liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition, hold a particular attitude, or act in a particular way.

synonyms:
susceptibility|proneness|tendency|liability|inclination|disposition|vulnerability|weakness|miasm|preference|predilection|leaning|propensity|bent|proclivity|penchant|liking|bias|prejudice|velleity


word: PREDNISOLONE
russian_word: преднизолон
origin: 1950s: from prednisone, with the insertion of -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛdˈnɪsələʊn
phonetics_text: prɛdˈnɪsələʊn
definition:
a synthetic steroid with similar properties and uses to those of prednisone, of which it is a reduced derivative.


word: PREDNISONE
russian_word: преднизон
origin: 1950s: perhaps from pre(gnane) (a synthetic hydrocarbon) + d(ie)n(e) + ( cort)isone .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛdnɪzəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdnɪzəʊn
definition:
a synthetic drug similar to cortisone, used to relieve rheumatic and allergic conditions and to treat leukaemia.


word: PREDOMINANT
russian_word: преобладающий
example: the predominant colour was white
definition: present as the strongest or main element.
antonyms: subsidiary|minor
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈdɒmɪnənt
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɒmɪnənt
synonyms:
main|chief|principal|most important|of greatest importance|primary|prime|overriding|uppermost|central|cardinal|leading|top-tier|foremost|key|paramount|preponderant|prevailing|most obvious|most noticeable|most prominent|number-one|top-priority

origin:
mid 16th century: from Old French, from medieval Latin predominant- ‘predominating’, from the verb predominari (see predominate).


word: PREDOMINANTLY
russian_word: преимущественно
example: it is predominantly a coastal bird
definition: mainly; for the most part.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli
synonyms:
mainly|mostly|for the most part|chiefly|principally|primarily|predominately|preponderantly|in the main|on the whole|largely|by and large|to a large extent|to a great degree|typically|in general|generally|usually|commonly|as a rule


word: PREDOMINATE
russian_word: преобладать
example: small-scale producers predominate in the south
definition: be the strongest or main element; be greater in number or amount.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈdɒmɪneɪt
phonetics_text: prɪˈdɒmɪneɪt
synonyms:
be in the majority|preponderate|be predominant|be prevalent|prevail|dominate|reign|be the order of the day|be most prominent|be most noticeable|stand out|stick out

origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin predominat- ‘predominated’, from the verb predominari (see pre-, dominate).


word: PREDYNASTIC
russian_word: додинастических
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpriːdɪˈnastɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpriːdɪˈnastɪk|ˌpriːdʌɪˈnastɪk
definition:
relating to a period before the normally recognized dynasties, especially in ancient Egypt before about 3000 BC.


word: PREEN
russian_word: прихорашиваться
example: reed buntings preened at the pool's edge
definition: (of a bird) tidy and clean its feathers with its beak.
synonyms: clean|tidy|groom|smooth|arrange|plume|prink
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːn
phonetics_text: priːn
origin:
late Middle English: apparently a variant of obsolete prune (based on Latin ungere ‘anoint’), in the same sense, associated with Scots and northern English dialect preen ‘pierce, pin’ (because of the ‘pricking’ action of the bird's beak).


word: PREFABRICATE
russian_word: изготовлять заводским способом
example: the tower took four months to prefabricate and was craned into place in fifteen days
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːˈfabrɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: priːˈfabrɪkeɪt
definition:
manufacture (a building or piece of furniture) in sections to enable quick or easy assembly on site.


word: PREFABRICATED
russian_word: сборный
example: prefabricated homes
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: (ˌ)priːˈfabrɪkeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: (ˌ)priːˈfabrɪkeɪtɪd
definition:
(of a building or piece of furniture) manufactured in sections to enable quick or easy assembly on site.


word: PREFACE
russian_word: предисловие
definition: an introduction to a book, typically stating its subject, scope, or aims.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɛfəs
phonetics_text: ˈprɛfəs
synonyms:
introduction|foreword|preamble|prologue|prelude|front matter|forward matter|prelims|intro|proem|exordium|prolegomenon|prolusion|prodrome

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin praefatia, alteration of Latin praefatio(n- ) ‘words spoken beforehand’, from the verb praefari, from prae ‘before’ + fari ‘speak’.


word: PREFATORY
russian_word: вступительный
example: in his prefatory remarks the author claims that …
definition: serving as an introduction; introductory.
antonyms: final|closing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛfət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprɛfət(ə)ri
synonyms:
introductory|preliminary|opening|initial|preparatory|explanatory|lead-in|initiatory|precursory|prior|antecedent|prefatorial|precursive|prodromal|prodromic|preambular|preambulatory|preludial|prelusive|prelusory|exordial|proemial|prolegomenal


word: PREFECT
russian_word: префект
example: each department is governed by a prefect appointed by the President
synonyms: monitor|praepostor|prepostor
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːfɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈpriːfɛkt
definition:
(in some schools) a senior pupil who is authorized to enforce discipline.|a chief officer, magistrate, or regional governor in certain countries.

origin:
late Middle English (in prefect (sense 2)): from Old French, from Latin praefectus, past participle of praeficere ‘set in authority over’, from prae ‘before’ + facere ‘make’. prefect (sense 1) dates from the early 19th century.


word: PREFECTURE
russian_word: префектура
definition: (in certain countries) a district under the authority of a prefect or governor.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːfɛktjʊə
phonetics_text: ˈpriːfɛktjʊə
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praefectura, from praefectus ‘(person) set in authority over’ (see prefect).


word: PREFER
russian_word: предпочитать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈfəː
phonetics_text: prɪˈfəː
example:
I prefer Venice to Rome|the police will prefer charges|he was eventually preferred to the bishopric of Durham

definition:
like (one thing or person) better than another or others; tend to choose.|submit (a charge or a piece of information) for consideration.|promote or advance (someone) to a prestigious position.

synonyms:
like better|would rather (have)|would sooner (have)|favour|be more partial to|lean/incline towards|think preferable|choose|select|pick|opt for|go for|vote for|plump for|single out|elect|wish|desire|want|fancy

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French preferer, from Latin praeferre, from prae ‘before’ + ferre ‘to bear, carry’.


word: PREFERABLE
russian_word: предпочтительный
example: lower interest rates were preferable to higher ones
definition: more desirable or suitable.
antonyms: undesirable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛf(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɛf(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
better|best|more desirable|more suitable|more advisable|advantageous|superior|preferred|recommended|favoured|nicer|more expedient|predilect


word: PREFERABLY
russian_word: предпочтительно
example: he would like a place of his own, preferably outside the town
definition: ideally; if possible.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɛfrəbli
phonetics_text: ˈprɛfrəbli
synonyms:
ideally|if possible|for preference|by preference|from choice|by choice|as a matter of choice|much rather|rather|much sooner|sooner


word: PREFERENCE
russian_word: предпочтение
example: her preference for white wine|debts owed to the community should be accorded a preference
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛf(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈprɛf(ə)r(ə)ns
definition:
a greater liking for one alternative over another or others.|a prior right or precedence, especially in connection with the payment of debts.

synonyms:
liking|partiality|predilection|proclivity|fondness|taste|inclination|leaning|bias|bent|penchant|predisposition|desire|wish|rather than|instead of|in place of|sooner than|above|before|over

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘promotion’): from Old French, from medieval Latin praeferentia, from Latin praeferre ‘carry in front’ (see prefer).


word: PREFERENTIAL
russian_word: льготный
example: preferential interest rates may be offered to employees
definition: of or involving preference or partiality; constituting a favour or privilege.
origin: mid 19th century: from preference, on the pattern of differential .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
special|better|privileged|superior|favoured|advantageous|favourable|partial|discriminatory|partisan|biased


word: PREFERMENT
russian_word: продвижение по службе
example: after ordination, preferment was fast
definition: promotion or appointment to a position or office.
antonyms: demotion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈfəːm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈfəːm(ə)nt
synonyms:
promotion|advancement|advance|elevation|being upgraded|a rise|betterment|moving up|a step up|a step up the ladder|aggrandizement|a kick upstairs


word: PREFIGURE
russian_word: воображать
example: the Hussite movement prefigured the Reformation|I lay awake, prefiguring the future
definition: be an early indication or version of (something).|imagine beforehand.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːˈfɪɡə
phonetics_text: priːˈfɪɡə
synonyms:
foreshadow|be an early indication of|presage|be a presage of|be a harbinger of|herald|suggest|indicate|point to|foretoken

origin:
late Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin praefigurare ‘represent beforehand’, from prae ‘before’ + figurare ‘to form, fashion’.


word: PREFIX
russian_word: префикс
example: the Institute was granted the prefix ‘Royal’ in 1961
definition: a word, letter, or number placed before another.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpriːfɪks
phonetics_text: ˈpriːfɪks
origin:
mid 16th century (as a verb): from Old French prefixer, from Latin praefixus ‘fixed in front’, from the verb praefigere, from prae ‘before’ + figere ‘to fix’. The noun is from modern Latin praefixum, neuter (used as a noun) of praefixus, and dates from the mid 17th century.


word: PREFOCUS
russian_word: предварительной фокусировки
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: priːˈfəʊkəs
phonetics_text: priːˈfəʊkəs
definition:
relating to or denoting a light bulb which is designed so that its beam is focused automatically when it is fitted inside a lamp, especially a vehicle headlamp.


word: PREFRONTAL
russian_word: предлобный
example: the prefrontal cortex
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: priːˈfrʌnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: priːˈfrʌnt(ə)l
definition:
in or relating to the foremost part of the frontal lobe of the brain.|relating to or denoting a bone in front of the eye socket in some lower vertebrates (equivalent to part of the human ethmoid bone).


word: PREGENITAL
russian_word: прегенитальных
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: priːˈdʒɛnɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: priːˈdʒɛnɪt(ə)l
definition:
relating to psychosexual development before the genital phase.|situated in front of the genital region.


word: PREGNABLE
russian_word: уязвимый
example: the fort's pregnable approaches
definition: vulnerable to attack; not impregnable.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛɡnəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɛɡnəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French prenable, literally ‘takable’, from Latin prehendere ‘seize’. The g was sometimes written in French, perhaps indicating palatal n, but has come to be pronounced as a separate sound in English.


word: PREGNANT
russian_word: беременная
example: she was heavily pregnant with her second child|a pregnant pause
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛɡnənt
phonetics_text: ˈprɛɡnənt
definition:
(of a woman or female animal) having a child or young developing in the uterus.|full of meaning; significant or suggestive.

synonyms:
expecting a baby|having a baby|with a baby on the way|having a child|expectant|carrying a child|enceinte|expecting|in the family way|expecting a happy event|preggers|preggy|with a bun in the oven|with one in the oven|in the club|up the duff|in the pudding club|up the spout|up the stick|knocked up|preggo|clucky|with a joey in the pouch|up the pole|in trouble|in pod|with child|heavy/big with child|in a delicate condition|in an interesting condition|childing|on the way|gravid|parturient|impregnate|infanticipating|storked|expect|carry|bear

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praegnant-, probably from prae ‘before’ + the base of gnasci ‘be born’.


word: PREHENSILE
russian_word: хватательный
example: many monkeys have long, prehensile tails which they use in swinging through the trees
definition: (chiefly of an animal's limb or tail) capable of grasping.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈhɛnsʌɪl
phonetics_text: prɪˈhɛnsʌɪl
origin:
late 18th century: from French préhensile, from Latin prehens- ‘grasped’, from the verb prehendere, from prae ‘before’ + hendere ‘to grasp’.


word: PREHENSION
russian_word: схватывание
origin: early 19th century: from Latin prehensio(n- ), from prehendere ‘to grasp’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of grasping or seizing.|an interaction of a subject with an event or entity which involves perception but not necessarily cognition.


word: PREHUMAN
russian_word: существовавший на земле до появления человека
example: our prehuman ancestors
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: priːˈhjuːmən
phonetics_text: priːˈhjuːmən
definition:
relating to or denoting the time before the appearance of human beings, especially the evolutionary stage immediately preceding the development of modern humans.


word: PREJUDICE
russian_word: предубеждение
synonyms: preconceived idea|preconception|preconceived notion|prejudgement
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɛdʒʊdɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdʒʊdɪs
example:
prejudice against people from different backgrounds|prejudice resulting from delay in the institution of the proceedings

definition:
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.|harm or injury that results or may result from some action or judgement.

origin:
Middle English (in prejudice (sense 2 of the noun)): from Old French, from Latin praejudicium, from prae ‘in advance’ + judicium ‘judgement’.


word: PREJUDICED
russian_word: предвзятый
example: people are prejudiced against us
definition: having or showing a dislike or distrust that is derived from prejudice; bigoted.
antonyms: unbiased|impartial|fair
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛdʒədɪst
phonetics_text: ˈprɛdʒədɪst
synonyms:
biased|bigoted|discriminatory|partisan|partial|one-sided|jaundiced|intolerant|narrow-minded|unfair|unjust|inequitable|non-objective|unobjective|blinkered|parti pris|coloured|distorted|warped|loaded|weighted|racist|racialist|anti-Semitic|chauvinistic|chauvinist|sexist|heterosexist|homophobic|anti-gay|ageist|disablist|classist|fattist


word: PREJUDICIAL
russian_word: пагубный
example: the proposals were considered prejudicial to the city centre
definition: harmful to someone or something; detrimental.
antonyms: beneficial|advantageous
origin: late Middle English: from Old French prejudiciel, from prejudice (see prejudice).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɛdʒʊˈdɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: prɛdʒʊˈdɪʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
detrimental|damaging|injurious|harmful|disadvantageous|unfavourable|hurtful|inimical|deleterious|counterproductive|prejudicious


word: PRELACY
russian_word: прелатство
definition: the government of the Christian Church by clerics of high social rank and power.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛləsi
phonetics_text: ˈprɛləsi
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French prelacie, from medieval Latin prelatia, from praelatus (see prelate).


word: PRELATE
russian_word: прелат
definition: a bishop or other high ecclesiastical dignitary.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛlət
phonetics_text: ˈprɛlət
origin:
Middle English: from Old French prelat, from medieval Latin praelatus ‘civil dignitary’, past participle (used as a noun) of Latin praeferre ‘carry before’, also ‘place before in esteem’.


word: PRELATURE
russian_word: прелатура
definition: the office, rank, or sphere of authority of a prelate.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛlətjʊə
phonetics_text: ˈprɛlətjʊə
origin:
early 17th century: from French prélature, from medieval Latin praelatura, from praelatus ‘civil dignitary’ (see prelate).


word: PRELIM
russian_word: вступительный экзамен
origin: late 19th century: abbreviation of preliminary.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːlɪm
phonetics_text: ˈpriːlɪm|prɪˈlɪm
definition:
a preliminary examination, especially at a university.|the pages preceding the main text of a book, including the title, contents, and preface.

synonyms:
front matter|introductory material|preliminary material|prefatory material|forward matter|introduction|foreword|preface|preamble|intro|proem|prolegomenon|exordium


word: PRELIMINARY
russian_word: предварительный
example: a preliminary draft
definition: preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.
antonyms: concluding|closing|final
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ri
phonetics_text: prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ri
synonyms:
preparatory|introductory|initial|opening|prefatory|prior|preceding|lead-in|initiatory|precursory|early|advance|exploratory|pilot|test|trial|experimental|explorative|precursive|prodromal|prodromic|preludial|prelusive|prelusory|qualifying|eliminating

origin:
mid 17th century: from modern Latin praeliminaris or French préliminaire, from Latin prae ‘before’ + limen, limin- ‘threshold’.


word: PRELOAD
russian_word: предварительная нагрузка
definition: load beforehand.|drink alcohol, especially in large quantities, before going out socially.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the camera comes preloaded with a 24-exposure film|drinking is expensive at festivals so they preload


word: PRELOADING
russian_word: предварительной загрузки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːləʊdɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpriːləʊdɪŋ
example:
binge drinking and preloading are two behaviours the government hopes to curb by imposing a minimum price for alcohol

definition:
the action or practice of drinking alcohol, especially in large quantities, before going out socially.


word: PRELUDE
russian_word: прелюдия
example: a ceasefire had been agreed as a prelude to full peace negotiations
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɛljuːd
phonetics_text: ˈprɛljuːd
definition:
an action or event serving as an introduction to something more important.|an introductory piece of music, most commonly an orchestral opening to an act of an opera, the first movement of a suite, or a piece preceding a fugue.

synonyms:
preliminary|overture|opening|preparation|introduction|start|beginning|curtain-raiser|lead-in|precursor|forerunner|harbinger|herald|opener|commencement|prolusion

origin:
mid 16th century: from French prélude, from medieval Latin praeludium, from Latin praeludere ‘play beforehand’, from prae ‘before’ + ludere ‘to play’.


word: PREMATURE
russian_word: преждевременный
example: the sun can cause premature ageing
definition: occurring or done before the usual or proper time; too early.
antonyms: overdue
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛmətʃə
phonetics_text: ˈprɛmətʃə|ˈprɛmətjʊə
synonyms:
untimely|early|too soon|too early|before time|unseasonable|rash|overhasty|hasty|precipitate|precipitous|impulsive|impetuous|ill-timed|ill-considered|jumping the gun|previous

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘ripe, mature’): from Latin praematurus ‘very early’, from prae ‘before’ + maturus ‘ripe’.


word: PREMEDITATE
russian_word: обдумывать заранее
example: apparently he did not premeditate her murder
definition: think out or plan (an action, especially a crime) beforehand.
antonyms: accidental|unintentional|spontaneous
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːˈmɛdɪteɪt
phonetics_text: priːˈmɛdɪteɪt
synonyms:
planned|intentional|intended|deliberate|pre-planned|calculated|cold-blooded|conscious|done on purpose|wilful|prearranged|preconceived|considered|studied|purposive|prepense

origin:
mid 16th century (earlier (late Middle English) as premeditation ): from Latin praemeditat- ‘thought out before’, from the verb praemeditari, from prae ‘before’ + meditari ‘meditate’.


word: PREMEDITATION
russian_word: преднамеренность
example: the defendant said there was no planning or premeditation
definition: the action of planning something (especially a crime) beforehand; intent.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːmɛdɪˈteɪʃn
phonetics_text: ˌpriːmɛdɪˈteɪʃn|prɪˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃn
synonyms:
planning|intent|forethought|pre-planning|advance planning|prearrangement|deliberation|criminal intent|malice aforethought|scheming|plotting|mens rea


word: PREMIER
russian_word: премьер
example: Germany's premier rock band
definition: first in importance, order, or position; leading.
origin: late 15th century: from Old French, ‘first’, from Latin primarius ‘principal’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛmɪə
phonetics_text: ˈprɛmɪə|ˈpriːmɪə
synonyms:
leading|foremost|chief|principal|head|top-ranking|top|top-tier|prime|primary|first|highest|second to none|pre-eminent|main|senior|outstanding|master|ranking|top-notch|crack


word: PREMIERSHIP
russian_word: премьерство
example: candidates for the premiership|Premiership games
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛmɪəʃɪp
phonetics_text: ˈprɛmɪəʃɪp
definition:
the office or position of a prime minister or other head of government.|former name (1993–2007) for the Premier League.


word: PREMISE
russian_word: предпосылка
example: if the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true
definition: a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic:
late Middle English: from Old French premisse, from medieval Latin praemissa (propositio) ‘(proposition) set in front’, from Latin praemittere, from prae ‘before’ + mittere ‘send’.


word: PREMISES
russian_word: помещение
example: the company has moved to new premises
synonyms: building(s)|property|site|establishment|office|place
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛmɪsɪz
phonetics_text: ˈprɛmɪsɪz
definition:
a house or building, together with its land and outbuildings, occupied by a business or considered in an official context.


word: PREMIUM
russian_word: премия
synonyms: insurance charge|insurance payment|regular payment|instalment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːmɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈpriːmɪəm
example:
customers are reluctant to pay a premium for organic fruit|the Society of Arts awarded him a premium

definition:
an amount to be paid for a contract of insurance.|a sum added to an ordinary price or charge.|something given as a reward, prize, or incentive.

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘reward, prize’): from Latin praemium ‘booty, reward’, from prae ‘before’ + emere ‘buy, take’.


word: PREMOLAR
russian_word: малый коренной зуб
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːˈməʊlə
phonetics_text: priːˈməʊlə
definition:
a tooth situated between the canine and the molar teeth. An adult human normally has eight, two in each jaw on each side.


word: PREMONISH
russian_word: предостерегать
definition: inform (someone) of a possible future danger or problem; forewarn.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːˈmɒnɪʃ
phonetics_text: priːˈmɒnɪʃ
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin praemonere ‘forewarn’ with the ending altered after the pattern of admonish.


word: PREMONITION
russian_word: предчувствие
example: he had a premonition of imminent disaster
definition: a strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛməˈnɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprɛməˈnɪʃ(ə)n|ˌpriːməˈnɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
foreboding|presentiment|intuition|feeling|hunch|suspicion|sneaking suspicion|feeling in one's bones|funny feeling|vague feeling|inkling|idea|sixth sense|misgiving|worry|anxiety|apprehension|apprehensiveness|fear|dread|presage

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘advance warning’): from French prémonition, from late Latin praemonitio(n- ), from Latin praemonere, from prae ‘before’ + monere ‘warn’.


word: PREOCCUPATION
russian_word: озабоченность
definition: the state or condition of being preoccupied or engrossed with something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
pensiveness|concentration|engrossment|absorption|self-absorption|musing|thinking|thinking of other things|deep thought|brown study|brooding|abstraction|absent-mindedness|absence of mind|distraction|forgetfulness|inattentiveness|wool-gathering|inadvertence|heedlessness|dream|reverie|daydreaming|oblivion|obliviousness

origin:
late 16th century (first used in rhetoric in the sense ‘anticipating and meeting objections beforehand’): from Latin praeoccupatio(n- ), from praeoccupare ‘seize beforehand’ (see preoccupy).


word: PREOCCUPIED
russian_word: озабоченный
example: she seemed a bit preoccupied
definition: engrossed in thought; distracted.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: priːˈɒkjuːpʌɪd
phonetics_text: priːˈɒkjuːpʌɪd
synonyms:
lost in thought|deep in thought|immersed in thought|in a brown study|pensive|brooding|absent-minded|distracted|abstracted|distrait|heedless|far away|oblivious


word: PREOCCUPY
russian_word: занимать внимание
example: his mother was preoccupied with paying the bills
origin: mid 16th century: from pre- + occupy, suggested by Latin praeoccupare ‘seize beforehand’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːˈɒkjʊpʌɪ
phonetics_text: priːˈɒkjʊpʌɪ
definition:
(of a matter or subject) dominate or engross the mind of (someone) to the exclusion of other thoughts.

synonyms:
obsessed|concerned|passionate about|absorbed in|engrossed in|interested in|intent on|involved in|wrapped up in|sunk in|immersed in|focused on|taken up|engross|concern|absorb|dominate|take up all of someone's time|distract|obsess|occupy|grip|enthral|consume|haunt|prey on someone's mind|become an obsession with|be uppermost in someone's mind|take control of


word: PREPARATION
russian_word: подготовка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the preparation of a draft contract|there are several effective preparations you can buy over the counter

definition:
the action or process of preparing or being prepared for use or consideration.|a substance that is specially made up, especially a medicine or food.|(in conventional harmony) the sounding of the discordant note in a chord in the preceding chord where it is not discordant, lessening the effect of the discord.|fuller form of prep2 (sense 1 of the noun).

synonyms:
devising|putting together|thinking up|drawing up|construction|composing|composition|editing|fashioning|concocting|production|getting ready|making ready|arrangement|development|assembling|assembly|instruction|teaching|education|coaching|training|tutoring|pedagogy|andragogy|inculcation|grooming|disciplining|drilling|priming|briefing|guiding|direction

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin praeparatio(n- ), from praeparare ‘make ready before’ (see prepare).


word: PREPARATORY
russian_word: подготовительный
example: more preparatory work is needed
definition: serving as or carrying out preparation for a task or undertaking.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈparət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: prɪˈparət(ə)ri
synonyms:
preliminary|initial|prior|introductory|prefatory|opening|basic|elementary|fundamental|rudimentary|preparative|precursory|initiatory

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin praeparatorius, from praeparat- ‘made ready beforehand’, from the verb praeparare (see prepare).


word: PREPARATORY TO
russian_word: прежде чем
example: she applied her make-up preparatory to leaving
definition: as a preparation for.
synonyms:
in preparation for|in advance of|before|prior to|previous to|in anticipation of|in expectation of|leading up to


word: PREPARE
russian_word: готовить
example: prepare a brief summary of the article|schools should prepare children for life
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈpɛː
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɛː
definition:
make (something) ready for use or consideration.|make (someone) ready or able to do or deal with something.|(in conventional harmony) lead up to (a discord) by means of preparation.

synonyms:
make ready|get ready|put together|draw up|produce|arrange|develop|assemble|construct|compose|edit|devise|work out|think up|conceive|formulate|concoct|fashion|work up|lay

origin:
late Middle English: from French préparer or Latin praeparare, from prae ‘before’ + parare ‘make ready’.


word: PREPARED
russian_word: подготовленный
definition: made ready for use.|ready to do or deal with something.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈpɛːd
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɛːd
example:
he paints over the prepared canvas with brown acrylic to bring out the cracks|she was prepared and professional


word: PREPENSE
russian_word: предумышленный
example: malice prepense
definition: deliberate; intentional.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈpɛns
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɛns
origin:
early 18th century: alteration of prepensed, past participle of obsolete prepense, from Old French purpenser, from por- ‘beforehand’ + penser ‘think’. The prefix pre- was substituted to emphasize the notion of ‘beforehand’.


word: PREPONDERANCE
russian_word: перевес
example: the preponderance of women among older people
definition: the quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈpɒnd(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɒnd(ə)r(ə)ns
synonyms:
prevalence|predominance|dominance|bulk|majority|greater quantity|larger part|best/better part|main part|most|almost all|more than half|mass|weight|(main) body|lion's share|generality|ascendancy|leadership|mastery|supremacy|control|sway|power|advantage|upper hand|edge|paramountcy


word: PREPONDERANT
russian_word: преобладающий
example: the preponderant influence of the US within the alliance
definition: predominant in influence, number, or importance.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈpɒnd(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɒnd(ə)r(ə)nt
synonyms:
dominant|predominant|prevalent|in control|more/most powerful|superior|supreme|ascendant|in the ascendancy|controlling|more/most important|pre-eminent|predominating|ruling|leading|principal|chief|main|prepotent|prepollent

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin preponderant- ‘weighing more’, from the verb praeponderare (see preponderate).


word: PREPONDERATE
russian_word: преобладать
example: the advantages preponderate over this apparent disadvantage
definition: be greater in number, influence, or importance.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈpɒndəreɪt
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɒndəreɪt
origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘weigh more, have greater intellectual weight’): from Latin praeponderat- ‘of greater weight’, from the verb praeponderare, from prae ‘before’ + ponderare ‘weigh, consider’.


word: PREPOSITION
russian_word: предлог
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’, ‘she arrived after dinner’, ‘what did you do it for ?’.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praepositio(n- ), from the verb praeponere, from prae ‘before’ + ponere ‘to place’.


word: PREPOSSESSING
russian_word: располагающий
example: he was not a prepossessing sight
definition: attractive or appealing in appearance.
antonyms: ugly|unprepossessing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: priːpəˈzɛsɪŋ
phonetics_text: priːpəˈzɛsɪŋ
synonyms:
attractive|beautiful|pretty|handsome|good-looking|fetching|striking|pleasing|pleasant|agreeable|appealing|likeable|lovable|amiable|charming|delightful|engaging|inviting|alluring|magnetic|winning|enchanting|captivating|bewitching|fascinating|on fleek|taking|fair


word: PREPOSTEROUS
russian_word: нелепый
example: a preposterous suggestion
definition: contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous.
antonyms: reasonable|sensible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈpɒst(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: prɪˈpɒst(ə)rəs
synonyms:
absurd|ridiculous|foolish|stupid|ludicrous|farcical|laughable|comical|risible|hare-brained|asinine|inane|nonsensical|pointless|senseless|insane|unreasonable|irrational|illogical|outrageous|shocking|astonishing|monstrous|unbelievable|incredible|unthinkable|crazy

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin praeposterus ‘reversed, absurd’ (from prae ‘before’ + posterus ‘coming after’) + -ous.


word: PREPOTENT
russian_word: доминантный
definition: greater than others in power or influence.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈpəʊt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈpəʊt(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praepotent- ‘having greater power’, from prae ‘before, ahead’ + posse ‘be able’.


word: PREPPING
russian_word: готовит
definition: the action or process of preparing something, or preparing for something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛpɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprɛpɪŋ
example:
after hours of prepping and cooking and stressing and a few near-breakdowns, Thanksgiving was wonderful


word: PREPPY
russian_word: учащийся частной средней школы
origin: early 20th century: from prep school + -y2.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛpi
phonetics_text: ˈprɛpi
definition:
a pupil or graduate of an expensive prep school, or a person resembling such a pupil in dress or appearance.


word: PREPREG
russian_word: препрегов
origin: 1950s: from pre- ‘before’ + ( im)preg(nated ).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːprɛɡ
phonetics_text: ˈpriːprɛɡ
definition:
a fibrous material pre-impregnated with a particular synthetic resin, used in making reinforced plastics.


word: PREREGISTRATION
russian_word: предварительная регистрация
example: members are entitled to free preregistration|the preregistration year
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpriːrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of registering or being registered in advance.|relating to or denoting the period of a doctor's training between qualification and registration.


word: PREREQUISITE
russian_word: предпосылка
example: sponsorship is not a prerequisite for any of our courses
definition: a thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist.
antonyms: non-essential
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: priːˈrɛkwɪzɪt
phonetics_text: priːˈrɛkwɪzɪt
synonyms:
necessary condition|precondition|condition|essential|requirement|requisite|necessity|proviso|qualification|imperative|basic|rudiment|obligation|duty|sine qua non|must


word: PREROGATIVE
russian_word: прерогатива
example: in some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the rich
definition: a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prɪˈrɒɡətɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈrɒɡətɪv
synonyms:
entitlement|right|privilege|advantage|due|birthright|liberty|authority|authorization|power|licence|permission|dispensation|leave|consent|warrant|charter|franchise|sanction|exemption|immunity|indemnity|carte blanche|droit

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin praerogativa ‘(the verdict of) the political division which was chosen to vote first in the assembly’, feminine (used as noun) of praerogativus ‘asked first’, from prae ‘before’ + rogare ‘ask’.


word: PRESAGE
russian_word: предвещать
example: the heavy clouds above the moorland presaged snow
definition: be a sign or warning of (an imminent event, typically an unwelcome one).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛsɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsɪdʒ
synonyms:
portend|augur|foreshadow|foretell|prophesy|be an omen of|herald|be a sign of|be the harbinger of|be a warning of|give a warning of|warn of|be an indication of|indicate|be a presage of|signal|bode|announce|promise|threaten|point to|mean|signify|spell|denote|add up to|amount to|betoken|foretoken|forebode|harbinger

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): via French from Latin praesagium, from praesagire ‘forebode’, from prae ‘before’ + sagire ‘perceive keenly’.


word: PRESALE
russian_word: предпродажная
example: the picture had a presale estimate of £800,000 to £1.2 million|the presale price
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpriːseɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpriːseɪl
definition:
relating to the time before something is made available for purchase.|relating to the time before a period when goods are sold at reduced prices.


word: PRESBYOPIA
russian_word: пресбиопия
origin: late 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek presbus ‘old man’ + ōps, ōp- ‘eye’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛzbɪˈəʊpɪə
phonetics_text: ˌprɛzbɪˈəʊpɪə
definition:
long-sightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age.


word: PRESBYTER
russian_word: пресвитер
definition: an elder or minister of the Christian Church.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛzbɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈprɛzbɪtə
origin:
late 16th century: via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek presbuteros ‘elder’ (used in the New Testament to denote an elder of the early church), comparative of presbus ‘old (man)’.


word: PRESBYTERIAN
russian_word: пресвитерианин
example: a Presbyterian minister
origin: mid 17th century: from ecclesiastical Latin presbyterium (see presbytery) + -an.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪərɪən
phonetics_text: ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪərɪən
definition:
relating to or denoting a Christian Church or denomination governed by elders according to the principles of Presbyterianism.


word: PRESBYTERIANISM
russian_word: пресвитерианство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪərɪəˌnɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪərɪəˌnɪz(ə)m
definition:
a form of Protestant Church government in which the Church is administered locally by the minister with a group of elected elders of equal rank, and regionally and nationally by representative courts of ministers and elders.


word: PRESBYTERY
russian_word: пресвитерия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛzbɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprɛzbɪt(ə)ri
definition:
a body of Church elders and ministers, especially (in Presbyterian Churches) an administrative body (court) representing all the local congregations of a district.|the house of a Roman Catholic parish priest.|the eastern part of a church chancel beyond the choir; the sanctuary.

origin:
late Middle English (in presbytery (sense 3)): from Old French presbiterie, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek presbuterion, from presbuteros (see presbyter).


word: PRESCIENCE
russian_word: предвидение
example: with extraordinary prescience, Jung actually predicted the Nazi eruption
definition: the fact of knowing something in advance; foreknowledge.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛsɪəns
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsɪəns
synonyms:
far-sightedness|foresight|foreknowledge|psychic powers|clairvoyance|prediction|prognostication|divination|prophesy|augury|insight|vision|intuition|perception|percipience|third eye|vaticination|haruspication|pythonism|prevision|psychism|adumbration


word: PRESCIENT
russian_word: наделенный даром предвидения
example: a prescient warning
definition: having or showing knowledge of events before they take place.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛsɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsɪənt
synonyms:
prophetic|predictive|visionary|psychic|clairvoyant|far-seeing|far-sighted|with foresight|prognostic|divinatory|oracular|sibylline|apocalyptic|fateful|revelatory|insightful|intuitive|perceptive|percipient|foreknowing|previsional|vatic|mantic|vaticinal|vaticinatory|prognosticative|augural|adumbrative|fatidic|fatidical|haruspical|pythonic

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin praescient- ‘knowing beforehand’, from the verb praescire, from prae ‘before’ + scire ‘know’.


word: PRESCIND
russian_word: абстрагировать
example: such traditionalists have prescinded from novel practices and attitudes
definition: leave out of consideration.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈsɪnd
phonetics_text: prɪˈsɪnd
origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘cut off abruptly or prematurely’): from Latin praescindere, from prae ‘before’ + scindere ‘to cut’.


word: PRESCRIBE
russian_word: назначать
example: her doctor prescribed sleeping tablets|rules prescribing five acts for a play are purely arbitrary
synonyms: order|advise|authorize|direct
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈskrʌɪb
phonetics_text: prɪˈskrʌɪb
definition:
(of a medical practitioner) advise and authorize the use of (a medicine or treatment) for someone, especially in writing.|state authoritatively or as a rule that (an action or procedure) should be carried out.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘confine within bounds’, also as a legal term meaning ‘claim by prescription’): from Latin praescribere ‘direct in writing’, from prae ‘before’ + scribere ‘write’.


word: PRESCRIPT
russian_word: предписание
definition: an ordinance, law, or command.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːskrɪpt
phonetics_text: ˈpriːskrɪpt
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin praescriptum ‘something directed in writing’, neuter past participle of praescribere (see prescribe).


word: PRESCRIPTION
russian_word: рецепт
synonyms: instruction|order|direction|authorization|script|recipe
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n
example:
he scribbled a prescription for tranquillizers|effective prescriptions for sustaining rural communities

definition:
an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued with a medicine or treatment.|a recommendation that is authoritatively put forward.|the establishment of a claim founded on the basis of a long or indefinite period of uninterrupted use or of long-standing custom.

origin:
late Middle English (as a legal term): via Old French from Latin praescriptio(n- ), from the verb praescribere (see prescribe). prescription (sense 1) dates from the late 16th century.


word: PRESCRIPTIVE
russian_word: предписывающий
example: these guidelines are not intended to be prescriptive|a prescriptive right of way
antonyms: free and easy|optional
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈskrɪptɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈskrɪptɪv
definition:
relating to the imposition or enforcement of a rule or method.|(of a right, title, or institution) having become legally established or accepted by long usage or the passage of time.

synonyms:
dictatorial|authoritarian|tyrannical|despotic|arbitrary|oppressive|repressive|coercive|insistent|dogmatic|pontifical|binding|enforceable|limiting|narrow|rigid|bossy

origin:
mid 18th century: from late Latin praescriptivus ‘relating to a legal exception’, from praescript- ‘directed in writing’, from the verb praescribere (see prescribe).


word: PRESENCE
russian_word: присутствие
example: my presence in the flat made her happy
definition: the state or fact of existing, occurring, or being present.
antonyms: absence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛz(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈprɛz(ə)ns
synonyms:
existence|being there|attendance|attending|appearance|residence|occupancy|company|companionship|turning up|showing|showing up

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin praesentia ‘being at hand’, from the verb praeesse (see present1).


word: PRESENT
russian_word: настоящее время
definition: in a particular place.|existing or occurring now.
antonyms: absent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛz(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈprɛz(ə)nt
example:
a doctor must be present at the ringside|she did not expect to find herself in her present situation

synonyms:
in attendance|attending|here|there|near|nearby|at hand|close/near at hand|adjacent|available|ready|accounted for

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin praesent- ‘being at hand’, present participle of praeesse, from prae ‘before’ + esse ‘be’.


word: PRESENTABLE
russian_word: презентабельный
example: I did my best to make myself look presentable
definition: clean, smart, or decent enough to be seen in public.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈzɛntəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: prɪˈzɛntəb(ə)l
synonyms:
tidy|neat|fit to be seen|orderly|straight|clean|spick and span|in good order|in apple-pie order|smartly dressed|tidily dressed|smart|of smart appearance|well groomed|dapper|elegant|trim|spruce|natty


word: PRESENTATION
russian_word: презентация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛz(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɛz(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the presentation of certificates to new members|a sales presentation|after her presentation to Queen Victoria, he had escorted his sister to numerous balls|a breech presentation|all patients in this group were symptomatic at initial presentation

definition:
the giving of something to someone, especially as part of a formal ceremony.|a speech or talk in which a new product, idea, or piece of work is shown and explained to an audience.|a formal introduction of someone, especially at court.|the position of a fetus in relation to the cervix at the time of delivery.|the coming forward of a patient for initial examination and diagnosis.|another term for Candlemas.

synonyms:
awarding|presenting|giving|handing over|dispensing|handing out|conferral|bestowal|granting|donation|award|according|extending|entrusting|furnishing

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin praesentatio(n- ), from Latin praesentare ‘place before’ (see present2).


word: PRESENTEE
russian_word: получатель подарка
example: there were too many royal presentees for efficient records to be kept
definition: a person nominated or recommended for an office or position, especially a Church living.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɛz(ə)nˈtiː
phonetics_text: ˌprɛz(ə)nˈtiː
origin:
late 15th century: from Anglo-Norman French, literally ‘presented’, from the verb presenter (see present2).


word: PRESENTEEISM
russian_word: презентеизм
example: one of the general symptoms of employee insecurity is presenteeism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛznˈtiːɪzəm
phonetics_text: prɛznˈtiːɪzəm
definition:
the practice of being present at one's place of work for more hours than is required, especially as a manifestation of insecurity about one's job.


word: PRESENTER
russian_word: предъявитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈzɛntə
phonetics_text: prɪˈzɛntə
example:
a TV presenter|Jennifer Lopez was a presenter at the Hollywood Film Awards last night and had the honor of presenting the award for ‘Best Animation’

definition:
a person who introduces and appears in a television or radio programme.|a person who formally presents an award or honour to someone.


word: PRESENTIMENT
russian_word: предчувствие
example: a presentiment of disaster
definition: an intuitive feeling about the future, especially one of foreboding.
origin: early 18th century: from obsolete French présentiment .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈzɛntɪm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈzɛntɪm(ə)nt|prɪˈsɛntɪm(ə)nt
synonyms:
premonition|foreboding|intuition|feeling|hunch|suspicion|sneaking suspicion|feeling in one's bones|funny feeling|vague feeling|inkling|idea|sixth sense|misgiving|worry|anxiety|apprehension|apprehensiveness|fear|dread|presage


word: PRESENTISM
russian_word: презентизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛz(ə)ntɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈprɛz(ə)ntɪz(ə)m
definition:
uncritical adherence to present-day attitudes, especially the tendency to interpret past events in terms of modern values and concepts.


word: PRESENTLY
russian_word: в настоящее время
example: there are presently 1,128 people on the waiting list|this will be examined in more detail presently
definition: at the present time; now.|after a short time; soon.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɛz(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈprɛz(ə)ntli
synonyms:
at present|currently|at the/this moment|at the present moment/time|now|nowadays|these days|today|in this day and age|at the minute


word: PRESENTMENT
russian_word: изложение
origin: Middle English: from Old French presentement, from presenter ‘place before’ (see present2).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈzɛntm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prɪˈzɛntm(ə)nt
definition:
a formal presentation of information to a court, especially by a sworn jury regarding an offence or other matter.


word: PRESENT TENSE
russian_word: настоящее время
example: I'm using the present tense
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually performed, or a state that currently or generally exists.


word: PRESERVATION
russian_word: сохранение
example: the preservation of the city's green spaces
definition: the action of preserving something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛzəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɛzəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
conservation|protection|maintenance|care|safeguarding|keeping|continuation|keeping up|keeping alive|keeping going|upholding|sustaining|prolongation|perpetuation|conserving|bottling|tinning|canning|potting|chilling|freezing|freeze-drying|quick-freezing|drying|desiccation|dehydration|curing|smoking|kippering|salting|pickling|marinating|sousing|corning|jellying|candying|embalming|mummification

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin praeservatio(n- ), from late Latin praeservare ‘to keep’ (see preserve).


word: PRESERVATIONIST
russian_word: защитник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛzəˈveɪʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: prɛzəˈveɪʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
a supporter or advocate of the preservation of something, especially of historic buildings and artefacts.


word: PRESERVATIVE
russian_word: консервант
example: salt has been used for centuries as a preservative
definition: a substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prɪˈzəːvətɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈzəːvətɪv
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin praeservativus, from late Latin praeservat- ‘kept’, from the verb praeservare (see preserve).


word: PRESERVE
russian_word: сохранять
definition: maintain (something) in its original or existing state.|treat (food) to prevent its decomposition.
antonyms: damage|neglect
synonyms: conserve|protect|maintain|care for|take care of|look after|save|safeguard|keep
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: prɪˈzəːv
phonetics_text: prɪˈzəːv
example:
all records of the past were zealously preserved|freezing and canning can be reliable methods of preserving foods

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘keep safe from harm’): from Old French preserver, from late Latin praeservare, from prae- ‘before, in advance’ + servare ‘to keep’.


word: PRESERVER
russian_word: хранитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈzəːvə
phonetics_text: prɪˈzəːvə
example:
the Benedictines have been best known as educators and as preservers of antique texts|you might also want to coat the bottom of the canes with wood preserver

definition:
a person who maintains something in its original or existing state or condition.|a substance used to preserve food, wood, or other materials against damage or decay.


word: PRESIDE
russian_word: председательствовать
example: the prime minister will preside at an emergency cabinet meeting
synonyms: chair|take the chair|officiate (at)|conduct|run|lead|guide|moderate
origin: early 17th century: from French présider, from Latin praesidere, from prae ‘before’ + sedere ‘sit’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈzʌɪd
phonetics_text: prɪˈzʌɪd
definition:
be in the position of authority in a meeting or other gathering.|play (a musical instrument, especially a keyboard instrument) at a public gathering.


word: PRESS
russian_word: пресс
example: he pressed his face to the glass|she pressed her nicest blouse|Rose did not press the point
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: prɛs
phonetics_text: prɛs
definition:
move or cause to move into a position of contact with something by exerting continuous physical force.|apply pressure to (something) to flatten, shape, or smooth it, typically by ironing.|forcefully put forward (an opinion, claim, or course of action).|raise (a specified weight) by lifting it to shoulder height and then gradually pushing it upwards above the head.|try too hard to achieve distance with a shot, at the risk of inaccuracy.

synonyms:
push (down)|press down|thumb|depress|bear down on|lean on|lower|pin|pinion|hold down|force|ram|thrust|cram|squeeze|compress|wedge|clasp|hold close|hug|cuddle|crush|enfold|clutch|grasp|embrace

origin:
Middle English: from Old French presse (noun), presser (verb), from Latin pressare ‘keep pressing’, frequentative of premere .


word: PRESS AGENT
russian_word: пресс-агент
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a person employed to organize advertising and media publicity on behalf of an individual or organization.


word: PRESSBOARD
russian_word: прессованный картон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛsbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsbɔːd
definition:
a smooth, hard, dense board typically made from wood or textile pulp or laminated waste paper, used as an electrical insulator and for making light furniture.


word: PRESSED
russian_word: прессованный
example: immaculately pressed trousers
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɛst
phonetics_text: prɛst
definition:
past and past participle of press1.|flattened, shaped, or smoothed by the application of pressure, typically from an iron.


word: PRESSING
russian_word: прессование
example: inflation was the most pressing problem
definition: requiring quick or immediate action or attention.
antonyms: non-urgent|unimportant
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprɛsɪŋ
synonyms:
urgent|critical|crucial|acute|desperate|serious|grave|dire|drastic|burning|extreme|life-and-death|important|of the utmost importance|high-priority|pivotal|compelling|demanding|necessary|key|vital|imperative|essential|of the essence|inescapable


word: PRESSURE
russian_word: давление
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɛʃə
phonetics_text: ˈprɛʃə
example:
the gate was buckling under the pressure of the crowd outside|backbenchers put pressure on the government to provide safeguards

definition:
continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.|the use of persuasion or intimidation to make someone do something.

synonyms:
coercion|force|compulsion|constraint|duress|oppression|enforcement|insistence|demand|entreaty|goading|pestering|provocation|harassment|nagging|harrying|badgering|intimidation|arm-twisting|pressurization|persuasion|influence|badassery

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin pressura, from press- ‘pressed’, from the verb premere (see press1).


word: PRESSURE SUIT
russian_word: скафандр
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an inflatable suit that protects the wearer against low pressure, for example when flying at a high altitude.


word: PRESSURIZE
russian_word: герметизировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɛʃərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈprɛʃərʌɪz
example:
the mixture was pressurized to 1,900 atmospheres|don't let anyone pressurize you into snap decisions

definition:
produce or maintain raised pressure artificially in (a gas or its container).|attempt to persuade or coerce (someone) into doing something.

synonyms:
coerce|pressure|press|push|persuade|influence|force|squeeze|bulldoze|hound|harass|nag|harry|badger|goad|prod|pester|browbeat|brainwash|bully|bludgeon|intimidate|dragoon|twist someone's arm|strong-arm|use pressure on|put pressure on|lean on|prevail on|blackjack|railroad|put the screws/squeeze on|hustle|fast-talk


word: PRESSWORK
russian_word: прессование
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛswəːk
phonetics_text: ˈprɛswəːk
definition:
the shaping of metal by pressing or drawing it into a shaped hollow die.|the process of using a printing press.


word: PRESTIGE
russian_word: престиж
example: the firm has recently gained considerable prestige
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɛˈstiː(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: prɛˈstiː(d)ʒ
definition:
widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.

synonyms:
status|standing|stature|prestigiousness|reputation|repute|regard|fame|note|renown|honour|esteem|estimation|image|account|rank|celebrity|importance|prominence|consequence|class|distinction|influence|weight|authority|supremacy|eminence|superiority|laurels|kudos|cachet|mana|izzat|clout|brownie points

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘illusion, conjuring trick’): from French, literally ‘illusion, glamour’, from late Latin praestigium ‘illusion’, from Latin praestigiae (plural) ‘conjuring tricks’. The transference of meaning occurred by way of the sense ‘dazzling influence, glamour’, at first depreciatory.


word: PRESTIGIOUS
russian_word: престижный
example: a prestigious academic post
definition: inspiring respect and admiration; having high status.
antonyms: disreputable|obscure|minor|humble|lowly
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɛˈstɪdʒəs
phonetics_text: prɛˈstɪdʒəs
synonyms:
reputable|distinguished|respected|esteemed|estimable|eminent|august|honoured|of high standing|of note|highly regarded|well thought of|acclaimed|authoritative|well known|in the public eye|celebrated|illustrious|leading|renowned|famed|famous|impressive|conferring prestige|important|prominent|exalted|high-ranking|influential|imposing|powerful|glamorous|well paid|high-end|expensive|upmarket

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘practising conjuring tricks’): from late Latin praestigiosus, from praestigiae ‘conjuring tricks’. The current sense dates from the early 20th century.


word: PRESTRESSED
russian_word: предварительно напряженный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: priːˈstrɛst
phonetics_text: priːˈstrɛst
definition:
strengthened by the application of stress during manufacture, especially (of concrete) by means of rods or wires inserted under tension before the material is set.


word: PRESUMABLY
russian_word: предположительно
example: it was not yet ten o'clock, so presumably the boys were still at the pub
definition: used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for certain.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: prɪˈzjuːməbli
phonetics_text: prɪˈzjuːməbli
synonyms:
I assume|I expect|I believe|I presume|I take it|I suppose|I imagine|I dare say|I would have thought|it is to be presumed|I guess|in all probability|probably|in all likelihood|all things being equal|all things considered|as likely/like as not|doubtless|undoubtedly|no doubt|without doubt|on the face of it|apparently|seemingly


word: PRESUME
russian_word: предполагать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈzjuːm
phonetics_text: prɪˈzjuːm
example:
I presumed that the man had been escorted from the building|kindly don't presume to issue me orders in my own house

definition:
suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability.|be arrogant or impertinent enough to do something.

synonyms:
assume|suppose|dare say|imagine|take it|expect|believe|think|surmise|guess|judge|trust|conjecture|speculate|postulate|posit|hypothesize|deduce|divine|infer|conclude|presuppose|take for granted|take as read

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French presumer, from Latin praesumere ‘anticipate’ (in late Latin ‘take for granted’), from prae ‘before’ + sumere ‘take’.


word: PRESUMPTION
russian_word: презумпция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈzʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈzʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n
example:
underlying presumptions about human nature|he lifted her off the ground, and she was enraged at his presumption

definition:
an idea that is taken to be true on the basis of probability.|behaviour perceived as arrogant, disrespectful, and transgressing the limits of what is permitted or appropriate.

synonyms:
brazenness|audacity|boldness|audaciousness|temerity|arrogance|egotism|front|presumptuousness|pertness|forwardness|cockiness|shamelessness|insolence|impudence|bumptiousness|impertinence|effrontery|face|cheek|cheekiness|gall|rudeness|incivility|impoliteness|disrespect|disrespectfulness|familiarity|freshness|nerve|neck|brass neck|chutzpah|sass|sassiness|assumption

origin:
Middle English: from Old French presumpcion, from Latin praesumptio(n- ) ‘anticipation’, from the verb praesumere (see presume).


word: PRESUMPTIVE
russian_word: предполагаемый
example: a presumptive diagnosis
antonyms: definitive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈzʌm(p)tɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈzʌm(p)tɪv
definition:
of the nature of a presumption; presumed in the absence of further information.|another term for presumptuous.

synonyms:
conjectural|speculative|tentative|suppositional|notional|hypothetical|theoretical|academic|unproven|unconfirmed

origin:
late Middle English: from French présomptif, -ive, from late Latin praesumptivus, from praesumpt- ‘taken before’, from the verb praesumere (see presume).


word: PRESUMPTUOUS
russian_word: самонадеянный
example: I hope I won't be considered presumptuous if I offer some advice
definition: (of a person or their behaviour) failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate.
antonyms: timid|unassuming
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈzʌm(p)tʃʊəs
phonetics_text: prɪˈzʌm(p)tʃʊəs
synonyms:
brazen|overconfident|arrogant|egotistical|overbold|bold|audacious|pert|forward|familiar|impertinent|fresh|free|insolent|impudent|cocksure|cheeky|rude|impolite|uncivil|bumptious|overhasty|hasty|premature|previous|precipitate|impetuous|cocky|sassy|presumptive|assumptive

origin:
Middle English: from Old French presumptueux, from late Latin praesumptuosus, variant of praesumptiosus ‘full of boldness’, from praesumptio (see presumption).


word: PRESUPPOSE
russian_word: предполагать
example: their original prediction presupposed a universe only three billion years old
definition: require as a precondition of possibility or coherence.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: priːsəˈpəʊz
phonetics_text: priːsəˈpəʊz
synonyms:
require|necessitate|imply|entail|mean|involve|assume|suppose|have as a necessary condition|have as a precondition

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French presupposer, suggested by medieval Latin praesupponere, from prae ‘before’ + supponere ‘place under’ (see suppose).


word: PRESUPPOSITION
russian_word: предпосылка
example: both men shared certain ethical presuppositions about the universe
definition: a thing tacitly assumed beforehand at the beginning of a line of argument or course of action.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːsʌpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpriːsʌpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
presumption|assumption|preconception|preconceived idea/notion|supposition|hypothesis|surmise|speculation|guess|prediction|thesis|theory|premise|belief|suspicion|thought|argument|postulation|prejudgement

origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin praesuppositio(n- ), from the verb praesupponere (see presuppose).


word: PRESYNAPTIC
russian_word: пресинаптический
example: the presynaptic terminal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpriːsɪˈnaptɪk
phonetics_text: ˌpriːsɪˈnaptɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting a nerve cell that releases a transmitter substance into a synapse during transmission of an impulse.


word: PRETENCE
russian_word: притворство
antonyms: reality|honesty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈtɛns
phonetics_text: prɪˈtɛns
example:
his anger is masked by a pretence that all is well|he was quick to disclaim any pretence to superiority

definition:
an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true.|a claim to have a particular skill or quality.

synonyms:
make-believe|act|putting on an act|acting|dissembling|shamming|sham|faking|feigning|simulation|falsification|dissimulation|invention|imagination|self-deception|play-acting|posturing|posture|posing|pose|cant|attitudinizing|deception|deceit|deceitfulness|fraud|hoax|fraudulence|fabrication|duplicity|artifice|subterfuge|treachery|trickery|dishonesty|hypocrisy|falsity|lying|mendacity|lack of veracity|false colours|kidology|simulacrum|pretext|false excuse|guise|ruse|wile|lie|falsehood

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French pretense, based on medieval Latin pretensus ‘pretended’, alteration of Latin praetentus, from the verb praetendere (see pretend).


word: PRETEND
russian_word: притворяться
example: I closed my eyes and pretended I was asleep|he cannot pretend to sophistication
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic: prɪˈtɛnd
phonetics_text: prɪˈtɛnd
definition:
behave so as to make it appear that something is the case when in fact it is not.|lay claim to (a quality or title).

synonyms:
make as if|profess|affect|dissimulate|dissemble|pose|posture|put it on|put on a false front|go through the motions|sham|fake it|kid

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praetendere ‘stretch forth, claim’, from prae ‘before’ + tendere ‘stretch’. The adjective dates from the early 20th century.


word: PRETENSION
russian_word: претензия
example: his pretensions to the imperial inheritance|he spoke simply, without pretension
definition: a claim or assertion of a claim to something.|the use of affectation to impress; pretentiousness.
synonyms: aspiration|claim|assertion|pretence|profession|purporting
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin praetensio(n- ), from praetens- ‘alleged’, from the verb praetendere (see pretend).


word: PRETENTIOUS
russian_word: претенциозным
example: pretentious art films
definition: attempting to impress by affecting greater importance or merit than is actually possessed.
antonyms: natural|unaffected
origin: mid 19th century: from French prétentieux, from prétention (see pretension1).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈtɛnʃəs
phonetics_text: prɪˈtɛnʃəs
synonyms:
affected|ostentatious|chi-chi|showy|flashy|tinselly|conspicuous|flaunty|tasteless|kitschy|overambitious|pompous|artificial|flatulent|inflated|overblown|overripe|fustian|hyperventilated|mannered|high-flown|high-sounding|flowery|grandiose|big|grand|elaborate|extravagant|heroic|flamboyant|ornate|grandiloquent|magniloquent|bombastic|turgid|orotund|rhetorical|oratorical|sophomoric|highfalutin|la-di-da|fancy-pants|posey|pseud|pseudo|poncy|toffee-nosed|dicty


word: PRETERITE
russian_word: претерит
definition: expressing a past action or state.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɛt(ə)rɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɛt(ə)rɪt
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘bygone, former’): from Latin praeteritus ‘gone by’, past participle of praeterire, from praeter ‘past, beyond’ + ire ‘go’.


word: PRETERITION
russian_word: умолчание
origin: late 16th century: from late Latin praeteritio(n- ), from praeterire ‘pass, go by’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːtəˈrɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpriːtəˈrɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the favourite rhetorical trope of the historical novelists is preterition, saying that you are not going to say something and thereby saying it

definition:
the action of passing over or disregarding a matter, especially the rhetorical technique of mentioning something by professing to omit it.|(in Calvinist theology) the state of not being predestined to salvation.


word: PRETERM
russian_word: преждевременные
example: babies born during preterm labour
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: priːˈtəːm
phonetics_text: priːˈtəːm
definition:
born or occurring after a pregnancy significantly shorter than normal, especially after no more than 37 weeks of pregnancy.


word: PRETERMIT
russian_word: не упомянуть
definition: omit to do or mention.|abandon (a custom or continuous action) for a time.
origin: late 15th century: from Latin praetermittere, from praeter ‘past, beyond’ + mittere ‘let go’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌpriːtəˈmɪt
phonetics_text: ˌpriːtəˈmɪt
example:
some points of conduct we advisedly pretermit|the pleasant musical evenings were now entirely pretermitted


word: PRETERNATURAL
russian_word: сверхъестественный
example: autumn had arrived with preternatural speed
definition: beyond what is normal or natural.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌpriːtəˈnatʃ(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌpriːtəˈnatʃ(ə)r(ə)l
synonyms:
extraordinary|out of the ordinary|exceptional|unusual|uncommon|rare|singular|signal|peculiar|unprecedented|outstanding|remarkable|phenomenal|abnormal|anomalous|inexplicable|unaccountable|supernatural|paranormal|mystical|unearthly|unworldly|other-worldly|fantastic|magical|prodigious|wonderful|wondrous|miraculous|strange|mysterious|odd|weird


word: PRETEXT
russian_word: предлог
example: the rebels had the perfect pretext for making their move
definition: a reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpriːtɛkst
phonetics_text: ˈpriːtɛkst
synonyms:
excuse|false excuse|ostensible reason|alleged reason|plea|supposed grounds|guise|ploy|pretence|ruse|semblance|show|blind|pose|masquerade|mask|cloak|veil|veneer|smokescreen|camouflage|cover|travesty|parody|charade

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin praetextus ‘outward display’, from the verb praetexere ‘to disguise’, from prae ‘before’ + texere ‘weave’.


word: PRETTIFY
russian_word: украшать
example: nothing has been done to prettify the site
definition: make (someone or something) appear superficially pretty or attractive.
antonyms: uglify
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɪtɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈprɪtɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
beautify|make attractive|make pretty|pretty up|titivate|dress up|adorn|ornament|embellish|trick out|decorate|smarten (up)|glamorize|prink|preen|primp|doll up|do up|give something a facelift|tart up


word: PRETTY
russian_word: довольно
example: a pretty little girl with an engaging grin|he led me a pretty dance
antonyms: plain|ugly
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɪti
phonetics_text: ˈprɪti
definition:
(of a person, especially a woman or child) attractive in a delicate way without being truly beautiful.|used ironically to express annoyance or displeasure.

synonyms:
attractive|lovely|good-looking|nice-looking|fetching|prepossessing|appealing|charming|delightful|nice|engaging|pleasing|darling|sweet|dear|adorable|lovable|winning|winsome|cute|as pretty as a picture|dainty|graceful|handsome|well favoured|personable|beautiful|glamorous|gorgeous|ravishing|stunning|bewitching|alluring|chocolate-box|bonny|easy on the eye|adorbs|beauteous|fair|comely

origin:
Old English prættig ; related to Middle Dutch pertich ‘brisk, clever’, obsolete Dutch prettig ‘humorous, sporty’, from a West Germanic base meaning ‘trick’. The sense development ‘deceitful, cunning, clever, skilful, admirable, pleasing, nice’ has parallels in adjectives such as canny, fine, nice, etc.


word: PREVAIL
russian_word: преобладать
example: it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion|she was prevailed upon to give an account of her work
definition: prove more powerful or superior.|persuade (someone) to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈveɪl
phonetics_text: prɪˈveɪl
synonyms:
win|win out|win through|triumph|be victorious|be the victor|gain the victory|carry the day|carry all before one|finish first|come out ahead|come out on top|succeed|prove superior|conquer|overcome|gain/achieve mastery|gain ascendancy|take the crown|gain the palm|rule|reign

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin praevalere ‘have greater power’, from prae ‘before’ + valere ‘have power’.


word: PREVALENCE
russian_word: распространенность
example: the prevalence of obesity in adults
definition: the fact or condition of being prevalent; commonness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɛv(ə)l(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈprɛv(ə)l(ə)ns|ˈprɛvəl(ə)ns|ˈprɛvələns
synonyms:
commonness|currency|widespread presence|generality|pervasiveness|universality|extensiveness|ubiquity|ubiquitousness|rampancy|rifeness|frequency|regularity|familiarity|acceptance|popularity|fashionableness


word: PREVALENT
russian_word: распространенный
example: the social ills prevalent in society today
definition: widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.
antonyms: uncommon|rare
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɛv(ə)l(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈprɛv(ə)l(ə)nt
synonyms:
widespread|prevailing|frequent|usual|common|general|universal|pervasive|extensive|ubiquitous|ordinary|endemic|rampant|rife|recognized|established|accepted|current|popular|fashionable|in fashion|in style|in vogue

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin praevalent- ‘having greater power’, from the verb praevalere (see prevail).


word: PREVARICATE
russian_word: кривить душой
example: he seemed to prevaricate when journalists asked pointed questions
definition: speak or act in an evasive way.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈvarɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: prɪˈvarɪkeɪt
synonyms:
be evasive|beat about the bush|hedge|fence|shilly-shally|shuffle|dodge (the issue)|sidestep (the issue)|pussyfoot|equivocate|be non-committal|parry questions|be vague|vacillate|quibble|cavil|lie|temporize|stall|stall for time|hum and haw|duck the issue|palter|tergiversate

origin:
mid 16th century (earlier (Middle English) as prevarication and prevaricator ), in the sense ‘go astray, transgress’: from Latin praevaricat- ‘walked crookedly, deviated’, from the verb praevaricari, from prae ‘before’ + varicari ‘straddle’.


word: PREVENIENT
russian_word: предваряющий
example: the prevenient eighteenth century justice system
definition: preceding in time or order; antecedent.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɪˈviːnɪənt
phonetics_text: prɪˈviːnɪənt
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin praevenient- ‘coming before’, from the verb praevenire, from prae ‘before’ + venire ‘come’.


word: PREVENT
russian_word: предотвращать
example: action must be taken to prevent further accidents
definition: keep (something) from happening.|(of God) go before (someone) with spiritual guidance and help.
antonyms: allow|cause|encourage
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈvɛnt
phonetics_text: prɪˈvɛnt
synonyms:
stop|put a stop to|avert|nip in the bud|fend off|turn aside|stave off|ward off|head off|shut out|block|intercept|halt|arrest|check|stay|hinder|impede|hamper|obstruct|balk|foil|thwart|obviate|cheat|frustrate|forestall|counteract|inhibit|hold back|curb|restrain|preclude|pre-empt|save|help|suppress|disallow|prohibit|forbid|proscribe|exclude|debar|bar|deter|let

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘act in anticipation of’): from Latin praevent- ‘preceded, hindered’, from the verb praevenire, from prae ‘before’ + venire ‘come’.


word: PREVENTATIVE
russian_word: профилактический
example: a number of preventative measures are required
definition: designed to keep something undesirable such as illness or harm from occurring; preventive.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prɪˈvɛntətɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈvɛntətɪv
synonyms:
inhibitory|preventive|deterrent|pre-emptive|obstructive|precautionary|protective|prophylactic|disease-preventing


word: PREVENTIVE
russian_word: профилактический
example: preventive medicine
definition: designed to keep something undesirable such as illness or harm from occurring.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prɪˈvɛntɪv
phonetics_text: prɪˈvɛntɪv
synonyms:
inhibitory|preventative|deterrent|pre-emptive|obstructive|precautionary|protective|prophylactic|disease-preventing


word: PREVIOUS
russian_word: предыдущий
example: she looked tired after her exertions of the previous evening|I admit I may have been a bit previous
definition: existing or occurring before in time or order.|overhasty in acting.
antonyms: following|next
origin: early 17th century: from Latin praevius ‘going before’ (from prae ‘before’ + via ‘way’) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpriːvɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈpriːvɪəs
synonyms:
foregoing|preceding|precursory|antecedent|above|old|earlier|prior|former|ex-|past|last|sometime|one-time|erstwhile|as was|quondam|whilom|anterior


word: PREVIOUSLY
russian_word: предварительно
example: museums and art galleries which had previously been open to the public
definition: at a previous or earlier time; before.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpriːvɪəsli
phonetics_text: ˈpriːvɪəsli
synonyms:
formerly|earlier|earlier on|before|until now/then|hitherto|once|at one time|in the past|in days gone by|in years gone by|in times gone by|in bygone days|in times past|in former times|time was when|in advance|in readiness|ahead of time|sooner|already|beforehand|heretofore


word: PREVIOUS TO
russian_word: прежде
example: the month previous to publication
definition: before.
antonyms: after|as a result of
synonyms:
before|prior to|until|till|up to|earlier than|preceding|leading up to|in advance of|ahead of|ante-|pre-|anterior to


word: PREVISE
russian_word: предостерегать
example: he had intelligence to previse the possible future
definition: foresee or predict (an event).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪˈvʌɪz
phonetics_text: prɪˈvʌɪz
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin praevis- ‘foreseen, anticipated’, from the verb praevidere, from prae ‘before’ + videre ‘to see’.


word: PREY
russian_word: добыча
example: the kestrel pounced on its prey
definition: an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.|plunder or (in biblical use) a prize.
antonyms: predator|hunter
synonyms: quarry|game|kill
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: preɪ
phonetics_text: preɪ
origin:
Middle English (also denoting plunder taken in war): the noun from Old French preie, from Latin praeda ‘booty’, the verb from Old French preier, based on Latin praedari ‘seize as plunder’, from praeda .


word: PRIAPISM
russian_word: приапизм
definition: persistent and painful erection of the penis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪəpɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪəpɪz(ə)m
origin:
late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek priapismos, from priapizein ‘be lewd’, from Priapos (Greek form of Priapus).


word: PRICE
russian_word: цена
antonyms: reward|advantage
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prʌɪs
phonetics_text: prʌɪs
example:
land could be sold for a high price|the price of their success was an entire day spent in discussion

definition:
the amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something.|an unwelcome experience or action undergone or done as a condition of achieving an objective.

synonyms:
cost|asking price|selling price|charge|fee|terms|payment|rate|fare|levy|toll|amount|sum|total|figure|worth|(monetary) value|outlay|expense|expenses|expenditure|bill|valuation|quotation|estimate|damage

origin:
Middle English: the noun from Old French pris, from Latin pretium ‘value, reward’; the verb, a variant (by assimilation to the noun) of earlier prise  ‘estimate the value of’ (see prize1). Compare with praise.


word: PRICELESS
russian_word: бесценный
example: priceless works of art|darling, you're priceless!
definition: so precious that its value cannot be determined.|very amusing.
antonyms: worthless|cheap
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprʌɪsləs
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪsləs
synonyms:
of incalculable value/worth|of inestimable value/worth|of immeasurable value/worth|invaluable|beyond price|without price|worth its weight in gold|worth a king's ransom|rare|irreplaceable|incomparable|unparalleled|expensive|costly|high-priced|at a premium|rich|dear|choice|fine|exquisite|treasured|prized|precious|cherished


word: PRICEY
russian_word: дорогой
example: boutiques selling pricey clothes
definition: expensive.
antonyms: cheap
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprʌɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪsi
synonyms:
expensive|dear|costly|high-priced|high-cost|high-end|big-budget|overpriced|exorbitant|excessive|extortionate|outrageous|inflated|lavish|extravagant|upmarket|over the odds|steep


word: PRICK
russian_word: укол
example: prick the potatoes with a fork|the dog's ears were pricked
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: prɪk
phonetics_text: prɪk
definition:
make a small hole in (something) with a sharp point; pierce slightly.|(especially of a horse or dog) make (the ears) stand erect when on the alert.

synonyms:
pierce|puncture|make/put a hole in|stab|perforate|rupture|riddle|penetrate|nick|spear|slit|incise|knife|bore|spike|skewer|spit|stick|punch|pin|needle|jag|jab|pink|transpierce

origin:
Old English pricca (noun), prician (verb), probably of West Germanic origin and related to Low German and Dutch prik (noun), prikken (verb).


word: PRICKET
russian_word: годовалый олень
origin: late Middle English: from prick + -et1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɪkɪt
definition:
a male fallow deer in its second year, having straight, unbranched horns.|a spike for holding a candle.


word: PRICKLE
russian_word: колючка
example: the prickles of the gorse bushes
definition: a short pointed outgrowth on the bark or epidermis of a plant; a small thorn.
synonyms: thorn|needle|barb|spike|point|spine|quill|spur|bristle|prong|tine|spicule
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɪk(ə)l
origin:
Old English pricel  ‘instrument for pricking, sensation of being pricked’; related to Middle Dutch prickel, from the Germanic base of prick. The verb is partly a diminutive of the verb prick.


word: PRICKLY
russian_word: колючий
example: masses of prickly brambles|she came across as prickly and generally difficult
definition: covered in prickles.|(of a person) ready to take offence.
antonyms: affable|easy-going
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪkli
phonetics_text: ˈprɪkli
synonyms:
spiky|spiked|thorny|barbed|spiny|pronged|bristled|bristly|briary|brambly|burry|rough|scratchy|sharp|spiculate|spicular|aculeate|barbellate|spinose|spinous|muricate|setaceous


word: PRIDE
russian_word: гордость
antonyms: shame
origin: late Old English prȳde ‘excessive self-esteem’, variant of prȳtu, prȳte, from prūd (see proud).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prʌɪd
phonetics_text: prʌɪd
example:
the team was bursting with pride after recording a sensational victory|he swallowed his pride and asked for help|the bridge was lit up in rainbow colours, symbolic of LGBT pride|in the pride of youth|the males in the pride are very tolerant towards all the cubs

definition:
a feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements, the achievements of those with whom one is closely associated, or from qualities or possessions that are widely admired.|consciousness of one's own dignity.|confidence and self-respect as expressed by members of a group, typically one that has been socially marginalized, on the basis of their shared identity, culture, and experience.|the best state of something; the prime.|a group of lions forming a social unit.

synonyms:
pleasure|joy|delight|gratification|fulfilment|satisfaction|sense of achievement|comfort|content|contentment


word: PRIE-DIEU
russian_word: аналой
origin: mid 18th century: French, literally ‘pray God’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːˈdjəː
phonetics_text: priːˈdjəː
definition:
a piece of furniture for use during prayer, consisting of a kneeling surface and a narrow upright front with a rest for the elbows or for books.


word: PRIEST
russian_word: священник
example: the priest celebrated mass at a small altar off the north transept
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: priːst
phonetics_text: priːst
definition:
an ordained minister of the Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican Church, authorized to perform certain rites and administer certain sacraments.|a mallet used to kill fish caught when angling.

synonyms:
clergyman|clergywoman|minister (of religion)|cleric|ecclesiastic|pastor|parson|churchman|churchwoman|man/woman of the cloth|man/woman of God|father|kirkman|dominie|reverend|padre|Holy Joe|sky pilot|josser

origin:
Old English prēost, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch priester, German Priester, based on ecclesiastical Latin presbyter ‘elder’ (see presbyter).


word: PRIESTLY
russian_word: священнический
example: performing priestly duties
definition: relating to or befitting a priest or priests.
origin: Old English prēostlic (see priest, -ly1).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpriːstli
phonetics_text: ˈpriːstli
synonyms:
clerical|pastoral|priestlike|canonical|ecclesiastical|vicarial|sacerdotal|hieratic|Aaronic|rectorial|presbyteral


word: PRIG
russian_word: педант
example: she was religious but not a prig
definition: a self-righteously moralistic person who behaves as if they are superior to others.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪɡ
phonetics_text: prɪɡ
synonyms:
prude|puritan|killjoy|Mrs Grundy|Grundy|pedant|old maid|schoolmarm|Pharisee|hypocrite|pietist|priggish person|bluenose|goody-goody|goody two shoes|holy Joe|holy Willie|Miss Prim|stuffed shirt|Tartuffe|precisian

origin:
mid 16th century: of unknown origin. The earliest sense was ‘tinker’ or ‘petty thief’, whence ‘disliked person’, especially ‘someone who is affectedly and self-consciously precise’ (late 17th century).


word: PRIGGISH
russian_word: педантичный
example: a priggish little pedant
definition: self-righteously moralistic and superior.
antonyms: broad-minded|permissive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪɡɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈprɪɡɪʃ
synonyms:
self-righteous|holier-than-thou|smug|sanctimonious|moralistic|sententious|prudish|puritanical|prim|strait-laced|tight-laced|stuffy|starchy|prissy|Victorian|schoolmarmish|schoolmistressy|old-maidish|narrow|narrow-minded|censorious|Pecksniffian|Pharisaic|hypocritical|goody-goody|Grundyish


word: PRILL
russian_word: самородок
example: the consistency of fertilizer prills has a major effect on nitrogen application
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪl
phonetics_text: prɪl
definition:
a pellet or solid globule of a substance formed by the congealing of a liquid during an industrial process.

origin:
late 18th century (as a term in copper mining, denoting rich copper ore remaining after removal of low-grade material): of unknown origin.


word: PRIM
russian_word: чопорный
example: a very prim and proper lady
definition: feeling or showing disapproval of anything regarded as improper; stiffly correct.
antonyms: uninhibited|informal
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: prɪm
phonetics_text: prɪm
synonyms:
demure|proper|prim and proper|formal|stuffy|strait-laced|prudish|prissy|mimsy|priggish|puritanical|niminy-piminy|Victorian|old-maid|old-maidish|schoolmistressy|schoolmarmish|governessy|po-faced|starchy|square-toed|Grundyish

origin:
late 17th century (as a verb): probably ultimately from Old French prin, Provençal prim ‘excellent, delicate’, from Latin primus ‘first’.


word: PRIMACY
russian_word: первенство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪməsi
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪməsi
example:
London's primacy as a financial centre|the first years of his primacy were tranquil|the primacy effect is thought to reflect recall from a long-term memory store

definition:
the fact of being pre-eminent or most important.|the office, period of office, or authority of a primate of the Church.|the fact of an item having been presented earlier to the subject (especially as increasing its likelihood of being remembered).

synonyms:
greater importance|priority|precedence|pre-eminence|preference|superiority|first place|pride of place|weighting|supremacy|ascendancy|sovereignty|dominance|dominion|leadership|weightage|paramountcy

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French primatie, from medieval Latin primatia, from Latin primas, primat- ‘of the first rank’ (see primate1).


word: PRIMAL
russian_word: первобытный
example: primal hunting societies|rivers were the primal highways of life
antonyms: subsequent|derivative
synonyms: original|initial|early|earliest|first|primitive|primeval|primary
origin: early 17th century: from medieval Latin primalis, from Latin primus ‘first’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprʌɪm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪm(ə)l
definition:
relating to an early stage in evolutionary development; primeval.|most important; primary or fundamental.


word: PRIMARILY
russian_word: в первую очередь
example: around 80 per cent of personal computers are used primarily for word processing
definition: for the most part; mainly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprʌɪm(ə)rɪli
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪm(ə)rɪli|prʌɪˈmɛrɪli
synonyms:
first and foremost|first|firstly|essentially|in essence|fundamentally|in the first place|most importantly|principally|predominantly|predominately|basically|elementally|above all|especially|particularly|mostly|for the most part|chiefly|mainly|in the main|on the whole|largely|by and large|to a large extent|to a great degree|substantially|overall|in general|effectively|generally|usually|typically|commonly|as a rule


word: PRIMARY
russian_word: первичный
antonyms: secondary|subordinate
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprʌɪm(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪm(ə)ri
example:
the primary stage of their political education|his expert handling of the primary and secondary literature is clear on every page|a primary alcohol|the organic matter is formed by primary producers such as plants and plankton

definition:
of chief importance; principal.|earliest in time or order.|not derived from, caused by, or based on anything else; original.|(of an organic compound) having its functional group located on a carbon atom which is bonded to no more than one other carbon atom.|denoting or relating to organisms that produce organic compounds from simple substances such as water and carbon dioxide, typically by photosynthesis.|relating to or denoting the input side of a transformer or other inductive device.|former term for Palaeozoic.

synonyms:
main|chief|key|prime|central|principal|foremost|first|most important|predominant|paramount|overriding|major|ruling|dominant|master|supreme|cardinal|pre-eminent|ultimate|number-one

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘original, not derivative’): from Latin primarius, from primus ‘first’. The noun uses date from the 18th century.


word: PRIMATE
russian_word: примат
example: the primate of Poland
definition: the chief bishop or archbishop of a province.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪmeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪmeɪt|ˈprʌɪmət
origin:
Middle English: from Old French primat, from Latin primas, primat- ‘of the first rank’, from primus ‘first’.


word: PRIME
russian_word: простое число
example: a nurse's prime concern is the well-being of the patient|prime cuts of meat
antonyms: secondary|subordinate
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prʌɪm
phonetics_text: prʌɪm
definition:
of first importance; main.|of the best possible quality; excellent.|(of a number) divisible only by itself and unity (e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).

synonyms:
main|chief|key|primary|central|principal|foremost|first|most important|paramount|major|dominant|supreme|overriding|cardinal|pre-eminent|ultimate|number-one|fundamental|basic|essential|elemental|vital

origin:
Old English prīm (in prime1 (sense 2 of the noun)), from Latin prima (hora) ‘first (hour)’, reinforced in Middle English by Old French prime ; the adjective dates from late Middle English, via Old French from Latin primus ‘first’.


word: PRIME MOVER
russian_word: первичный двигатель
example: he was a prime mover in the construction of the railway|a manufacturer of prime movers
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a person who is chiefly responsible for the creation or execution of a plan.|an initial source of motive power.


word: PRIMER
russian_word: грунтовка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪmə
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪmə
example:
apply three coats of primer|the nitro-cellulose is ignited by the spark that comes from the primer|no more than four pumps of the primer usually suffice|the duplex RNA primer cannot initiate DNA replication

definition:
a substance used as a preparatory coat on wood, metal, or canvas, especially to prevent the absorption of subsequent layers of paint or the development of rust.|a cap or cylinder containing a compound which responds to friction or an electrical impulse and ignites the charge in a cartridge or explosive.|a small pump for pumping fuel to prime an internal combustion engine, especially in an aircraft.|a molecule that serves as a starting material for a polymerization process.


word: PRIMEUR
russian_word: Цветы-Новинки/Растения-Новинки
origin: French, literally ‘newness’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: priːˈməː
phonetics_text: priːˈməː
example:
our May recipes have been deliberately planned for the best of spring's primeurs|such wines were officially released for sale one month early as primeurs

definition:
fruit or vegetables grown to be available very early in the season.|newly produced wines which have recently been made available.


word: PRIMEVAL
russian_word: первобытный
example: mile after mile of primeval forest
definition: of the earliest time in history.
antonyms: modern
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin primaevus (from primus ‘first’ + aevum ‘age’) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prʌɪˈmiːv(ə)l
phonetics_text: prʌɪˈmiːv(ə)l
synonyms:
ancient|earliest|first|prehistoric|antediluvian|antique|primordial|primitive|primal|pristine|original|untouched by humans|aboriginal|indigenous|autochthonous|autochthonic|primigenial


word: PRIMIGRAVIDA
russian_word: женщина, беременная первый раз
definition: a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpriːmɪˈɡravɪdə
phonetics_text: ˌpriːmɪˈɡravɪdə|ˌprʌɪmɪˈɡravɪdə
origin:
late 19th century: modern Latin (feminine), from Latin primus ‘first’ + gravidus ‘pregnant’ (see gravid).


word: PRIMIPARA
russian_word: первородящая
definition: a woman who is giving birth for the first time.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prʌɪˈmɪp(ə)rə
phonetics_text: prʌɪˈmɪp(ə)rə
origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin (feminine), from primus ‘first’ + -parus ‘bringing forth’ (from the verb parere ).


word: PRIMITIVE
russian_word: примитивный
antonyms: modern|recent|developed
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɪmɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈprɪmɪtɪv
example:
primitive mammals|the accommodation at the camp was a bit primitive|primitive material of the universe

definition:
relating to, denoting, or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something.|very basic or unsophisticated in terms of comfort, convenience, or efficiency.|not developed or derived from anything else.|(of a part or structure) in the first or early stage of formation or growth; rudimentary.

synonyms:
ancient|earliest|first|prehistoric|antediluvian|antique|primordial|primeval|primal|primary|lower|original|proto-|ur-|aboriginal|indigenous|autochthonous|autochthonic|primigenial

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘original, not derivative’): from Old French primitif, -ive, from Latin primitivus ‘first of its kind’, from primus ‘first’.


word: PRIMITIVISM
russian_word: примитивизм
example: the stark primitivism of the music|a gradual emergence from primitivism to modern civilization
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪmɪtɪvɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈprɪmɪtɪvɪz(ə)m
definition:
a belief in the value of what is simple and unsophisticated, expressed as a philosophy of life or through art or literature.|instinctive and unreasoning behaviour.


word: PRIMOGENITURE
russian_word: первородство
definition: the state of being the firstborn child.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprʌɪmə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪtʃə
phonetics_text: ˌprʌɪmə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪtʃə
origin:
early 17th century: from medieval Latin primogenitura, from Latin primo ‘first’ + genitura ‘geniture’.


word: PRIMORDIAL
russian_word: исконный
example: the primordial oceans
definition: existing at or from the beginning of time; primeval.
antonyms: modern
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prʌɪˈmɔːdɪəl
phonetics_text: prʌɪˈmɔːdɪəl
synonyms:
ancient|earliest|first|prehistoric|antediluvian|antique|primeval|primitive|primal|autochthonous|autochthonic|primigenial

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin primordialis ‘first of all’, from primordius ‘original’ (see primordium).


word: PRIMORDIUM
russian_word: зачаток
example: the primordium of the pituitary
definition: an organ, structure, or tissue in the earliest stage of development.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prʌɪˈmɔːdɪəm
phonetics_text: prʌɪˈmɔːdɪəm
origin:
late 19th century: from Latin, neuter of primordius ‘original’, from primus ‘first’ + ordiri ‘begin’.


word: PRIMP
russian_word: прихорашиваться
example: I spend hours primping in front of the mirror
definition: spend time making minor adjustments to one's hair, make-up, or clothes.
origin: late 16th century: related to prim.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪmp
phonetics_text: prɪmp
synonyms:
groom|tidy|arrange|brush|comb|smooth|smarten (up)|spruce up|freshen (up)|beautify|pretty|preen|prink (up)|titivate|doll up|tart up|gussy up|plume|trig (up)


word: PRIMROSE
russian_word: первоцвет
definition: a European plant of woodland and hedgerows, which produces pale yellow flowers in the early spring.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪmrəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈprɪmrəʊz
origin:
late Middle English: compare with Old French primerose and medieval Latin prima rosa, literally ‘first rose’.


word: PRIMULA
russian_word: примула
origin: modern Latin, from medieval Latin, feminine of primulus, diminutive of primus ‘first’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪmjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈprɪmjʊlə
definition:
a plant of a genus that includes primroses, cowslips, and polyanthuses. Many kinds are cultivated as ornamentals, bearing flowers in a wide variety of colours in the spring.


word: PRIMUM MOBILE
russian_word: главная движущая сила
origin: from medieval Latin, literally ‘first moving thing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprʌɪməm ˈməʊbɪleɪ
phonetics_text: ˌprʌɪməm ˈməʊbɪleɪ|ˌpriːməm ˈməʊbɪli
definition:
the most important source of motion or action.|(in the medieval version of the Ptolemaic system) an outer sphere supposed to move round the earth in twenty-four hours carrying the inner spheres with it.


word: PRIMUS
russian_word: примус
origin: late 16th century: from Latin, literally ‘first’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪməs
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪməs
definition:
the presiding bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church, elected by the bishops from among their number.


word: PRINCE
russian_word: принц
definition: the son of a monarch.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪns
phonetics_text: prɪns
origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin princeps, princip- ‘first, chief, sovereign’, from primus ‘first’ + capere ‘take’.


word: PRINCESS
russian_word: принцесса
example: stop being such a princess|is something the matter, princess?
origin: late Middle English: from Old French princesse, from prince (see prince).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɪnˈsɛs
phonetics_text: prɪnˈsɛs
definition:
the daughter of a monarch.|a spoiled or arrogant young woman.|a form of address used by a man to a girl or woman.


word: PRINCIPAL
russian_word: основной
example: the country's principal cities|the principal amount of your investment
definition: first in order of importance; main.|denoting an original sum invested or lent.
antonyms: minor|subordinate|subsidiary
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l
synonyms:
main|chief|primary|leading|foremost|first|most important|predominant|dominant|(most) prominent|key|crucial|vital|essential|basic|staple|critical|pivotal|salient|prime|central|focal|premier|paramount|major|ruling|master|supreme|overriding|cardinal|capital|pre-eminent|ultimate|uppermost|highest|utmost|top|topmost|arch-|number-one

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis ‘first, original’, from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief’.


word: PRINCIPALITY
russian_word: княжество
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɪnsɪˈpalɪti
phonetics_text: ˌprɪnsɪˈpalɪti
definition:
a state ruled by a prince.|(in traditional Christian angelology) the fifth-highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy.

origin:
Middle English (denoting the rank of a prince): from Old French principalite, from late Latin principalitas, from Latin principalis ‘first, original’ (see principal).


word: PRINCIPALLY
russian_word: главным образом
example: he was principally a landscape painter
definition: for the most part; chiefly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)li
synonyms:
mainly|mostly|chiefly|for the most part|in the main|on the whole|largely|by and large|to a large extent|to a great degree|predominantly|predominately|above all|first and foremost|basically|substantially|overall|in general|effectively|especially|particularly|primarily|generally|usually|typically|commonly|as a rule


word: PRINCIPATE
russian_word: принципат
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪnsɪpət
phonetics_text: ˈprɪnsɪpət
definition:
the rule of the early Roman emperors, during which some features of republican government were retained.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a principality): from Latin principatus ‘first place’, from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief’ (see prince). The current sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: PRINCIPLE
russian_word: принцип
example: the basic principles of justice|the first principle of all things was water
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l
definition:
a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behaviour or for a chain of reasoning.|a general scientific theorem or law that has numerous special applications across a wide field.|a fundamental source or basis of something.

synonyms:
truth|proposition|concept|idea|theory|postulate|assumption|basis|fundamental|essence|essential|philosophy

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin principium ‘source’, principia (plural) ‘foundations’, from princeps, princip- ‘first, chief’.


word: PRINCIPLED
russian_word: принципиальный
example: a principled politician|a coherent and principled approach
antonyms: unprincipled
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)ld
phonetics_text: ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)ld
definition:
(of a person or their behaviour) acting in accordance with morality and showing recognition of right and wrong.|(of a system or method) based on a given set of rules.

synonyms:
moral|ethical|good|virtuous|righteous|upright|upstanding|high-minded|right-minded|proper|correct|honourable|honest|just|noble|incorruptible|anti-corruption|scrupulous|conscientious|respectable|decent


word: PRINK
russian_word: прихорашивать
example: women were prinking themselves in front of the looking glass
definition: spend time making minor adjustments to one's appearance.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɪŋk
phonetics_text: prɪŋk
synonyms:
groom|tidy|arrange|brush|comb|smooth|smarten (up)|spruce up|freshen (up)|beautify|pretty|preen|primp|titivate|doll up|tart up|gussy up|plume|trig (up)

origin:
late 16th century: probably related to archaic prank  ‘dress or adorn in a showy manner’; related to Middle Low German prank ‘pomp’, Dutch pronk ‘finery’.


word: PRINT
russian_word: печать
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: prɪnt
phonetics_text: prɪnt
example:
a thousand copies of the book were printed|print your name and address on the back of the cheque|a delicate fabric printed with roses

definition:
produce (books, newspapers, etc.), especially in large quantities, by a mechanical process involving the transfer of text or designs to paper.|write (text) clearly without joining the letters together.|mark (a surface, typically a fabric or garment) with a coloured design or pattern.

synonyms:
set in print|send to press|run off|preprint|reprint|pull|proof|copy|reproduce|list|dump|put to bed|litho

origin:
Middle English (denoting the impression made by a stamp or seal): from Old French preinte ‘pressed’, feminine past participle of preindre, from Latin premere ‘to press’.


word: PRINTHEAD
russian_word: Печатающая головка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪnthɛd
phonetics_text: ˈprɪnthɛd
definition:
a component in a printer that assembles and holds the characters and from which the images of the characters are transferred to the printing medium.


word: PRINTMAKING
russian_word: эстамп
example: traditional Japanese woodblock printmaking
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪntmeɪkɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprɪntmeɪkɪŋ
definition:
the activity or occupation of making pictures or designs by printing them from specially prepared plates or blocks.


word: PRION
russian_word: прионных
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪən
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪən
definition:
a small petrel of southern seas, having a wide bill fringed with comblike plates for feeding on planktonic crustaceans.

origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin (former genus name), from Greek priōn ‘a saw’ (referring to its sawlike bill).


word: PRIOR
russian_word: предшествующий
example: he has a prior engagement this evening
definition: existing or coming before in time, order, or importance.
antonyms: later|subsequent
origin: early 18th century: from Latin, literally ‘former, elder’, related to prae ‘before’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪə
synonyms:
earlier|previous|preceding|foregoing|antecedent|advance|preparatory|preliminary|initial|anterior|precedent


word: PRIORITY
russian_word: приоритет
example: the safety of the country takes priority over any other matter
definition: the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more important than others.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prʌɪˈɒrɪti
phonetics_text: prʌɪˈɒrɪti
synonyms:
prime concern|first concern|most important consideration|most pressing matter|matter of greatest importance|primary issue|precedence|greater importance|preference|precedency|pre-eminence|first/highest place|predominance|primacy|the lead|weighting|weight|weightage

origin:
late Middle English (denoting precedence in time or rank): from Old French priorite, from medieval Latin prioritas, from Latin prior ‘former’ (see prior1).


word: PRIOR TO
russian_word: до
example: she visited me on the day prior to her death
definition: before.
antonyms: after|following
synonyms:
before|until|till|up to|previous to|earlier than|preceding|leading up to|in advance of|ahead of|ante-|pre-|anterior to


word: PRIORY
russian_word: монастырь
definition: a small monastery or nunnery that is governed by a prior or prioress.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪəri
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪəri
synonyms:
religious house|religious community|abbey|cloister|monastery|friary|convent|nunnery|cenobium|cenoby|beguinage

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French priorie, medieval Latin prioria, from Latin prior ‘elder, superior’ (see prior2).


word: PRISE
russian_word: приз
example: I tried to prise Joe's fingers away from the stick
definition: use force in order to move, move apart, or open (something).
synonyms: lever|force|wrench|pull|wrest|twist|jemmy|pry
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prʌɪz
phonetics_text: prʌɪz
origin:
late 16th century: from dialect prise  ‘lever’, from Old French prise ‘grasp, taking hold’. Compare with pry2.


word: PRISM
russian_word: призма
origin: late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek prisma ‘thing sawn’, from prizein ‘to saw’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈprɪz(ə)m
definition:
a solid geometric figure whose two ends are similar, equal, and parallel rectilinear figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.


word: PRISON
russian_word: тюрьма
example: he died in prison
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɪz(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈprɪz(ə)n
definition:
a building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed or while awaiting trial.

synonyms:
jail|penal institution|place of detention|lock-up|place of confinement|guardhouse|detention centre|young offender institution|penitentiary|correctional facility|jailhouse|boot camp|stockade|house of correction|the clink|the slammer|inside|stir|the jug|the big house|the brig|the glasshouse|the nick|the can|the pen|the cooler|the joint|the pokey|the slam|the skookum house|the calaboose|the hoosegow|the chokey|bird|quod|pound|roundhouse|youth custody centre|approved school|borstal|bridewell|tollbooth|bastille|reformatory

origin:
late Old English, from Old French prisun, from Latin prensio(n- ), variant of prehensio(n- ) ‘laying hold of’, from the verb prehendere .


word: PRISSY
russian_word: ханжеский
example: a middle-class family with two prissy children
definition: fussily and excessively respectable.
antonyms: broad-minded
origin: late 19th century: perhaps a blend of prim and sissy.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈprɪsi
synonyms:
prudish|priggish|prim|prim and proper|niminy-piminy|strait-laced|formal|proper|stuffy|mimsy|namby-pamby|Victorian|old-maidish|schoolmistressy|schoolmarmish|governessy|po-faced|goody-goody|starchy|square-toed|Grundyish


word: PRISTINE
russian_word: древний
example: pristine copies of an early magazine
definition: in its original condition; unspoilt.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪstiːn
phonetics_text: ˈprɪstiːn|ˈprɪstʌɪn
origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘original, former, primitive and undeveloped’): from Latin pristinus ‘former’. The senses ‘unspoilt’ and ‘spotless’ date from the 1920s.


word: PRIVACY
russian_word: конфиденциальность
example: she returned to the privacy of her own home
definition: a state in which one is not observed or disturbed by other people.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪvəsi
phonetics_text: ˈprɪvəsi|ˈprʌɪvəsi
synonyms:
seclusion|privateness|solitude|isolation|retirement|peace|peace and quiet|peacefulness|quietness|lack of disturbance|lack of interruption|freedom from interference|sequestration|reclusion


word: PRIVATE
russian_word: частный
antonyms: public
synonyms: personal|one's own|individual|particular|special|exclusive|privately owned
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprʌɪvət
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪvət
example:
all bedrooms have private facilities|the paintings were sold to a private collector|this research was carried out by private industry

definition:
belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group of people only.|(of a person) having no official or public role or position.|(of a service or industry) provided or owned by an individual or an independent, commercial company rather than the state.

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a person not acting in an official capacity): from Latin privatus ‘withdrawn from public life’, a use of the past participle of privare ‘bereave, deprive’, from privus ‘single, individual’.


word: PRIVATEER
russian_word: капер
origin: mid 17th century: from private, on the pattern of volunteer .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprʌɪvəˈtɪə
phonetics_text: ˌprʌɪvəˈtɪə
example:
she was captured by a French 44-gun privateer|it may be instructive to compare the supposedly wasteful public sector with the supposedly lean privateers|he finished top privateer in the world championships

definition:
an armed ship owned and crewed by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for use in war, especially in the capture of merchant shipping.|an advocate or exponent of private enterprise.|a competitor who races as a private individual rather than as a member of a team.


word: PRIVATE LAW
russian_word: гражданское право
example: a legal right recognized in private law
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a branch of the law that deals with the relations between individuals or institutions, rather than relations between these and the state.


word: PRIVATE LIFE
russian_word: частная жизнь
example: he was somewhat reserved and shy in private life
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a person's personal relationships, interests, and activities as distinct from their public or professional life.


word: PRIVATELY
russian_word: в частном порядке
example: I must insist we speak privately
definition: in a private way, manner, or capacity.
antonyms: publicly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprʌɪvɪtli
phonetics_text: ˈprʌɪvɪtli
synonyms:
in private|with no one else present|behind closed doors|between ourselves|confidentially|in confidence|discreetly|in secret|secretly|entre nous|in camera|out of the public eye|out of public view|in seclusion|in solitude|alone|without being disturbed|without being interrupted


word: PRIVATE PARTS
russian_word: половые органы
definition: a person's genitals.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
genitals|genitalia|sexual organs|reproductive organs|pudenda|nether regions|crotch groin|privates|bits|naughty bits|dangly bits|lady parts


word: PRIVATE SECRETARY
russian_word: личный секретарь
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a secretary who deals with the personal and confidential concerns of a business person or public figure.|a civil servant acting as an aide to a senior government official.


word: PRIVATION
russian_word: лишения
example: years of rationing and privation|cold is the privation of heat
antonyms: plenty|luxury
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prʌɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prʌɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a state in which food and other essentials for well-being are lacking.|the loss or absence of a quality or attribute that is normally present.

synonyms:
deprivation|hardship|poverty|penury|indigence|destitution|impoverishment|want|need|neediness|disadvantage|austerity|suffering|affliction|distress|misery|impecuniousness|impecuniosity

origin:
Middle English: from Latin privatio(n- ), from privat- ‘deprived’, from the verb privare (see private).


word: PRIVATIVE
russian_word: отнимающий
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪvətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈprɪvətɪv
definition:
(of an action or state) marked by the absence or loss of some quality or attribute that is normally present.

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin privativus ‘denoting privation’, from privat- ‘deprived’ (see privation).


word: PRIVILEGE
russian_word: привилегия
example: education is a right, not a privilege
definition: a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group.
synonyms: advantage|right|benefit|prerogative|entitlement|birthright|due|concession|freedom|liberty
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ
origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin privilegium ‘bill or law affecting an individual’, from privus ‘private’ + lex, leg- ‘law’.


word: PRIVILEGED
russian_word: привилегированный
antonyms: underprivileged|disadvantaged
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd
phonetics_text: ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd
example:
in the nineteenth century only a privileged few had the vote|he accused me of giving away privileged information

definition:
having special rights, advantages, or immunities.|(of information) legally protected from being made public.

synonyms:
wealthy|rich|affluent|prosperous|lucky|fortunate|special|elite|favoured|select|advantaged|socially advantaged


word: PRIVITY
russian_word: имущественные отношения
example: the parties no longer have privity with each other
definition: a relation between two parties that is recognized by law, such as that of blood, lease, or service.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɪvɪti
phonetics_text: ˈprɪvɪti
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘secrecy, intimacy’): from Old French privete, from medieval Latin privitas, from Latin privus ‘private’.


word: PRIVY
russian_word: тайный
example: he was no longer privy to her innermost thoughts|a privy place
definition: sharing in the knowledge of (something secret or private).|hidden; secret.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɪvi
phonetics_text: ˈprɪvi
synonyms:
aware of|acquainted with|in on|informed of|advised of|apprised of|in the know about|cognizant of|genned up on|clued in on|clued up on|wise to|hip to

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘belonging to one's own private circle’): from Old French prive ‘private’ (also used as a noun meaning ‘private place’ and ‘familiar friend’), from Latin privatus ‘withdrawn from public life’ (see private).


word: PRIZE
russian_word: приз
example: Britain's most prestigious prize for contemporary art|the sloop had been taken as a prize
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: prʌɪz
phonetics_text: prʌɪz
definition:
a thing given as a reward to the winner of a competition or in recognition of an outstanding achievement.|an enemy ship captured during the course of naval warfare.

synonyms:
award|reward|premium|trophy|cup|medal|plate|shield|honour|accolade|crown|laurels|bays|palm|jackpot|bonanza|purse|winnings|sweepstake|pot|garland|guerdon|prey

origin:
Middle English: the noun, a variant of price; the verb (originally in the sense ‘estimate the value of’) from Old French pris-, stem of preisier ‘to praise, appraise’ (see praise).


word: PROA
russian_word: проа
origin: late 16th century: from Malay perahu .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊə
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊə
definition:
a type of sailing boat originating in Malaysia and Indonesia that may be sailed with either end at the front, typically having a large triangular sail and an outrigger.


word: PROACTIVE
russian_word: проактивная
example: employers must take a proactive approach to equal pay
synonyms: enterprising|take-charge|energetic|driven|bold|dynamic|motivated|go-ahead
origin: 1930s: from pro-2 (denoting earlier occurrence), on the pattern of reactive .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊˈaktɪv
phonetics_text: prəʊˈaktɪv
definition:
(of a person or action) creating or controlling a situation rather than just responding to it after it has happened.


word: PROBABILITY
russian_word: вероятность
example: the rain will make the probability of a postponement even greater
synonyms: likelihood|likeliness|prospect|expectation|chance|chances|odds|possibility
origin: late Middle English: from Latin probabilitas, from probabilis ‘provable, credible’ (see probable).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒbəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: prɒbəˈbɪlɪti
definition:
the quality or state of being probable; the extent to which something is likely to happen or be the case.


word: PROBABLE
russian_word: вероятный
example: it is probable that the economic situation will deteriorate further
definition: likely to happen or be the case.
antonyms: improbable|unlikely
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɒbəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɒbəb(ə)l
synonyms:
likely|most likely|odds-on|expected|to be expected|anticipated|predictable|foreseeable|ten to one|presumed|potential|credible|quite possible|possible|feasible|on the cards|a good/fair/reasonable bet

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘worthy of belief’): via Old French from Latin probabilis, from probare ‘to test, demonstrate’.


word: PROBABLY
russian_word: вероятно
example: she would probably never see him again
definition: almost certainly; as far as one knows or can tell.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɒbəbli
phonetics_text: ˈprɒbəbli
synonyms:
in all likelihood|in all probability|as likely as not|very likely|most likely|likely|as like as not|ten to one|the chances are|doubtless|no doubt|all things considered|all things being equal|possibly|perhaps|maybe|it may be|presumably|on the face of it|apparently|prob|probs|like enough|belike


word: PROBANG
russian_word: зонд для смазывания носоглотки
origin: mid 17th century (named provang by its inventor): perhaps an alteration suggested by probe.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊbaŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊbaŋ
definition:
a strip of flexible material with a sponge or tuft at the end, used to remove an object from the throat or apply medication to it.


word: PROBATE
russian_word: утверждение завещания
example: the house has been valued for probate
definition: the official proving of a will.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊbeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊbeɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin probatum ‘something proved’, neuter past participle of probare ‘to test, prove’.


word: PROBATION
russian_word: испытательный срок
example: I went to court and was put on probation
definition: the release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behaviour under supervision.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English (denoting testing or investigation): from Old French probacion, from Latin probatio(n- ), from probare ‘to test, prove’ (see prove). The legal use dates from the late 19th century.


word: PROBATIONARY
russian_word: испытательный
example: she recently completed her two-year probationary period with the police
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)nri
phonetics_text: prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)nri
definition:
relating to a process of testing or observing the character or abilities of a person who is new to a role or job.


word: PROBATIONER
russian_word: стажер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)nə
phonetics_text: prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)nə
definition:
a person who is serving a probationary or trial period in a job or position to which they are newly appointed.|an offender on probation.

synonyms:
trainee|novice|apprentice|inexperienced worker|new recruit|learner|beginner|tyro|neophyte|rookie|greenhorn|probie


word: PROBATIVE
russian_word: доказательный
example: it places the probative burden on the defendant
definition: having the quality or function of proving or demonstrating something; affording proof or evidence.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprəʊbətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊbətɪv
origin:
late Middle English (describing something that serves as a test): from Latin probativus, from probat- ‘proved’, from the verb probare (see prove).


word: PROBE
russian_word: зонд
example: a probe into city hall corruption
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prəʊb
phonetics_text: prəʊb
definition:
a blunt-ended surgical instrument used for exploring a wound or part of the body.|a thorough investigation into a crime or other matter.|an unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.|a projecting device for engaging in a drogue, either on an aircraft for use in in-flight refuelling or on a spacecraft for use in docking with another craft.

synonyms:
investigation|inquiry|examination|scrutiny|inquest|exploration|study|research|analysis|scrutinization

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from late Latin proba ‘proof’ (in medieval Latin ‘examination’), from Latin probare ‘to test’. The verb dates from the mid 17th century.


word: PROBENECID
russian_word: пробенецид
origin: 1950s: from pro(pyl) + ben(zoic) + -e- + (a)cid .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈbɛnɪsɪd
phonetics_text: prəʊˈbɛnɪsɪd
definition:
a synthetic sulphur-containing compound which promotes increased excretion of uric acid and is used to treat gout.


word: PROBIOTIC
russian_word: пробиотик
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊbʌɪˈɒtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊbʌɪˈɒtɪk
definition:
denoting a substance which stimulates the growth of microorganisms, especially those with beneficial properties (such as those of the intestinal flora).


word: PROBITY
russian_word: честность
example: financial probity
definition: the quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
antonyms: untrustworthiness
origin: late Middle English: from Latin probitas, from probus ‘good’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊbɪti
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊbɪti|ˈprɒbɪti
synonyms:
integrity|honesty|uprightness|decency|morality|rectitude|goodness|virtue|right-mindedness|trustworthiness|truthfulness|honour|honourableness|justice|fairness|equity|principles|ethics


word: PROBLEM
russian_word: проблема
example: they have financial problems
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒbləm
phonetics_text: ˈprɒbləm
definition:
a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be dealt with and overcome.|an inquiry starting from given conditions to investigate or demonstrate a fact, result, or law.

synonyms:
difficulty|issue|trouble|worry|complication|difficult situation|mess|muddle|mix-up|snag|hitch|drawback|stumbling block|obstacle|hurdle|hiccup|setback|catch|catch-22|vexed question|quandary|the rub|predicament|plight|can of worms|hornets' nest|Gordian knot|misfortune|mishap|misadventure|dilemma|headache|prob|hassle|pickle|fix|tight spot|fly in the ointment|how-do-you-do|job|gremlin|facer|katzenjammer|nodus|nuisance|source of difficulty|bother|pest|source of trouble|irritant|thorn in one's side/flesh|vexation|drag|pain|pain in the neck|fair cow|pain in the arse|pain in the ass

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a riddle or a question for academic discussion): from Old French probleme, via Latin from Greek problēma, from proballein ‘put forth’, from pro ‘before’ + ballein ‘to throw’.


word: PROBLEMATIC
russian_word: проблематичный
example: the situation was problematic for teachers
definition: constituting or presenting a problem.
antonyms: easy|simple|straightforward
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prɒbləˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: prɒbləˈmatɪk
synonyms:
difficult|hard|problematical|taxing|troublesome|tricky|awkward|controversial|ticklish|complicated|complex|knotty|thorny|prickly|involved|intricate|vexed|paradoxical|puzzling|baffling|perplexing|sticky|like herding cats|dodgy

origin:
early 17th century: via French from late Latin problematicus, from Greek problēmatikos, from problēma (see problem).


word: PROBOSCIS
russian_word: хоботок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈbɒsɪs
phonetics_text: prəˈbɒsɪs
definition:
the nose of a mammal, especially when it is long and mobile such as the trunk of an elephant or the snout of a tapir.

origin:
early 17th century: via Latin from Greek proboskis ‘means of obtaining food’, from pro ‘before’ + boskein ‘(cause to) feed’.


word: PROCAINE
russian_word: прокаин
origin: early 20th century: from pro-1 (denoting substitution) + -caine (from cocaine).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊkeɪn
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊkeɪn
definition:
a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid, used as a local anaesthetic, especially in dentistry.


word: PROCEDURALLY
russian_word: процедурно
example: the decision was procedurally flawed
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: prəˈsiːdʒ(ə)r(ə)li
phonetics_text: prəˈsiːdʒ(ə)r(ə)li
definition:
in a way that relates to or is in accordance with an established or official way of doing something.


word: PROCEDURE
russian_word: процедура
example: the police are now reviewing procedures
definition: an established or official way of doing something.
origin: late 16th century: from French procédure, from procéder (see proceed).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈsiːdʒə
phonetics_text: prəˈsiːdʒə
synonyms:
course of action|line of action|plan of action|policy|series of steps|plan|method|system|strategy|stratagem|way|approach|formula|mechanism|methodology|MO (modus operandi)|technique|means|measure|process|proceeding|operation|agenda|routine|drill|practice


word: PROCEED
russian_word: продолжить
definition: begin a course of action.|move forward.|originate from.
antonyms: stop
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈsiːd
phonetics_text: prəˈsiːd
example:
the consortium could proceed with the plan|from the High Street, proceed over Magdalen Bridge|his claim that all power proceeded from God

synonyms:
begin|make a start|get going|move|set something in motion|take action|act|go on|take steps|take measures|go ahead|make progress|make headway|carry on|continue|keep on|get on|get ahead|pursue|prosecute

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French proceder, from Latin procedere, from pro- ‘forward’ + cedere ‘go’.


word: PROCEEDS
russian_word: доходы
example: proceeds from the event will go to aid the work of the charity
definition: money obtained from an event or activity.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊsiːdz
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊsiːdz
synonyms:
profits|takings|earnings|receipts|returns|income|revenue|gain|yield|gate|gate money|gate receipts|take

origin:
early 17th century: plural of the obsolete noun proceed, in the same sense, earlier meaning ‘procedure’.


word: PROCESS
russian_word: процесс
example: military operations could jeopardize the peace process
synonyms: procedure|operation|action|activity|exercise|affair|business|job|task|undertaking|proceeding
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊsɛs
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊsɛs
definition:
a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.|a summons or writ requiring a person to appear in court.|a natural appendage or outgrowth on or in an organism, such as a protuberance on a bone.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French proces, from Latin processus ‘progression, course’, from the verb procedere (see proceed). Current senses of the verb date from the late 19th century.


word: PROCESSION
russian_word: процессия
example: a funeral procession
synonyms: parade|march|cavalcade|motorcade|carcade|cortège|column|file|train|march-past|jatha|yatra|mas
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
a number of people or vehicles moving forward in an orderly fashion, especially as part of a ceremony.|the emanation of the Holy Spirit.

origin:
late Old English, via Old French from Latin processio(n- ), from procedere ‘move forward’ (see proceed).


word: PROCESSIONARY
russian_word: относящийся к процессии
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
phonetics_text: prəˈsɛʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
definition:
a greyish moth whose caterpillars live communally in silken tents in trees, marching out at night in procession to feed, causing substantial damage.


word: PROCLAIM
russian_word: провозглашать
definition: announce officially or publicly.|indicate clearly.
synonyms: demonstrate|indicate|show|signify|reveal|testify to|manifest|betray
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈkleɪm
phonetics_text: prəˈkleɪm
example:
they proclaimed that housing shortages would be solved within ten years|his high, intelligent forehead proclaimed a strength of mind that was almost tangible

origin:
late Middle English proclame, from Latin proclamare ‘cry out’, from pro- ‘forth’ + clamare ‘to shout’. The change in the second syllable was due to association with the verb claim.


word: PROCLAMATION
russian_word: провозглашение
example: the issuing by the monarch of a proclamation dissolving Parliament
definition: a public or official announcement dealing with a matter of great importance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒkləˈmeɪʃn
phonetics_text: prɒkləˈmeɪʃn
synonyms:
decree|order|edict|command|rule|ruling|announcement|declaration|pronouncement|statement|pronunciamento|notification|advertisement|publishing|broadcasting|promulgation|blazoning

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin proclamatio(n- ), from proclamare ‘shout out’ (see proclaim).


word: PROCLITIC
russian_word: проклитика
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈklɪtɪk
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈklɪtɪk
definition:
a word pronounced with so little emphasis that it is shortened and forms part of the following word, e.g. at in at home.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin procliticus (from Greek proklinein ‘lean forward’), on the pattern of late Latin encliticus (see enclitic).


word: PROCLIVITY
russian_word: склонность
example: a proclivity for hard work
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈklɪvɪti
phonetics_text: prəˈklɪvɪti
definition:
a tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition towards a particular thing.

synonyms:
liking|inclination|tendency|leaning|disposition|propensity|bent|bias|penchant|predisposition|predilection|partiality|preference|taste|fondness|weakness|proneness|velleity

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin proclivitas, from proclivis ‘inclined’, from pro- ‘forward, down’ + clivus ‘slope’.


word: PROCONSUL
russian_word: проконсул
origin: from Latin pro consule ‘(one acting) for the consul’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈkɒns(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəʊˈkɒns(ə)l
definition:
a governor of a province in ancient Rome, having much of the authority of a consul.|a governor or deputy consul of a modern colony.


word: PROCRASTINATE
russian_word: мешкать
example: the temptation will be to procrastinate until the power struggle plays itself out
definition: delay or postpone action; put off doing something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈkrastɪneɪt
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈkrastɪneɪt
synonyms:
delay|put off doing something|postpone action|defer action|be dilatory|use delaying tactics|stall|temporize|play for time|play a waiting game|dally|drag one's feet/heels|take one's time|hesitate|vacillate|dither|be indecisive|be undecided|waver|haver|hum and haw|swither|dilly-dally|shilly-shally|kick the can down the road

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin procrastinat- ‘deferred till the morning’, from the verb procrastinare, from pro- ‘forward’ + crastinus ‘belonging to tomorrow’ (from cras ‘tomorrow’).


word: PROCRASTINATION
russian_word: промедление
example: your first tip is to avoid procrastination
definition: the action of delaying or postponing something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˌkrastɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˌkrastɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
dithering|delaying tactics|dilatoriness|stalling|temporizing|hesitation|vacillation|humming and hawing|dilly-dallying|shilly-shallying|kicking the can down the road


word: PROCREATE
russian_word: производить потомство
example: species that procreate by copulation
definition: (of people or animals) produce young; reproduce.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊkrɪeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊkrɪeɪt
synonyms:
produce offspring|reproduce|multiply|propagate|breed|bring young into the world|father offspring|sire offspring|beget offspring

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin procreat- ‘generated, brought forth’, from the verb procreare, from pro- ‘forth’ + creare ‘create’.


word: PROCRUSTEAN
russian_word: прокрустов
example: a fixed Procrustean rule
origin: mid 19th century: from the name Procrustes + -an.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈkrʌstɪən
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈkrʌstɪən
definition:
(especially of a framework or system) enforcing uniformity or conformity without regard to natural variation or individuality.


word: PROCTOR
russian_word: проктор
origin: late Middle English: contraction of procurator.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɒktə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒktə
definition:
an officer (usually one of two) at certain universities, appointed annually and having mainly disciplinary functions.|an invigilator at a university or college examination.|(in the Church of England) an elected representative of the clergy in the convocation of Canterbury or York.


word: PROCTOSCOPE
russian_word: ректоскоп
origin: late 19th century: from Greek prōktos ‘anus’ + -scope.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒktəskəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈprɒktəskəʊp
definition:
a medical instrument with an integral lamp for examining the anus and lower part of the rectum or carrying out minor medical procedures.


word: PROCUMBENT
russian_word: ползучий
example: some forms have long procumbent branches
definition: (of a plant or stem) growing along the ground without throwing out roots.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈkʌmb(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈkʌmb(ə)nt
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin procumbent- ‘falling forwards’, from the verb procumbere, from pro- ‘forwards, down’ + a verb related to cubare ‘to lie’.


word: PROCURATION
russian_word: сводничество
definition: the appointment, authority, or action of an attorney.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒkjʊˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprɒkjʊˈreɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin procuratio(n- ), from procurare ‘attend to, take care of’ (see procure).


word: PROCURATOR
russian_word: прокуратор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒkjʊreɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒkjʊreɪtə
definition:
an agent representing others in a court of law in countries retaining Roman civil law.|a treasury officer in a province of the Roman Empire.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a steward): from Old French procuratour or Latin procurator ‘administrator, finance agent’, from procurat- ‘taken care of’, from the verb procurare (see procure).


word: PROCURE
russian_word: закупать
example: food procured for the rebels|he procured his wife to sign the mandate for the joint account
definition: obtain (something), especially with care or effort.|persuade or cause (someone) to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈkjʊə
phonetics_text: prəˈkjʊə
synonyms:
obtain|acquire|get|find|come by|secure|pick up|get possession of|buy|purchase|get hold of|get one's hands on|get one's mitts on

origin:
Middle English: from Old French procurer, from Latin procurare ‘take care of, manage’, from pro- ‘on behalf of’ + curare ‘see to’.


word: PROCURER
russian_word: сводник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈkjʊərə
phonetics_text: prəˈkjʊərə
definition:
a person who obtains a prostitute for another person.|a person who causes someone to do something or something to happen.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a steward): from Anglo-Norman French procurour, from Latin procurator (see procurator). Sense 1 dates from the mid 17th century.


word: PROD
russian_word: прод
example: he prodded her in the ribs
definition: poke with a finger, foot, or pointed object.
synonyms: poke|jab|dig|nudge|elbow|butt|push|stab
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: prɒd
phonetics_text: prɒd
origin:
mid 16th century (as a verb): perhaps symbolic of a short poking movement, or a blend of poke1 and dialect brod ‘to goad, prod’. The noun dates from the mid 18th century.


word: PRODIGAL
russian_word: мот
example: prodigal habits die hard|the dessert was prodigal with whipped cream
antonyms: thrifty|economical|parsimonious
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin prodigalis, from Latin prodigus ‘lavish’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɒdɪɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɒdɪɡ(ə)l
definition:
spending money or using resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant.|having or giving something on a lavish scale.

synonyms:
wasteful|extravagant|spendthrift|improvident|imprudent|immoderate|profligate|thriftless|excessive|intemperate|irresponsible|self-indulgent|reckless|wanton


word: PRODIGIOUS
russian_word: удивительный
definition: remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree.|unnatural or abnormal.
antonyms: small|unexceptional
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈdɪdʒəs
phonetics_text: prəˈdɪdʒəs
example:
the stove consumed a prodigious amount of fuel|rumours of prodigious happenings, such as monstrous births

synonyms:
enormous|huge|colossal|immense|vast|great|massive|gigantic|mammoth|tremendous|considerable|substantial|large|sizeable|inordinate|monumental|mighty|gargantuan|amazing|astonishing|astounding|staggering|stunning|marvellous|remarkable|wonderful|phenomenal|terrific|miraculous|impressive|striking|startling|sensational|spectacular|extraordinary|exceptional|breathtaking|incredible|unbelievable|unusual|humongous|stupendous|fantastic|fabulous|fantabulous|mind-boggling|mind-blowing|flabbergasting|mega|awesome|ginormous|wondrous

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘portentous’): from Latin prodigiosus, from prodigium ‘portent’ (see prodigy).


word: PRODIGY
russian_word: чудо
example: a Russian pianist who was a child prodigy in his day
definition: a young person with exceptional qualities or abilities.
synonyms: child genius|genius|wonder child|mastermind|virtuoso|wunderkind|whizz-kid|whizz|wizard|Einstein
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒdɪdʒi
phonetics_text: ˈprɒdɪdʒi
origin:
late 15th century (denoting something extraordinary considered to be an omen): from Latin prodigium ‘portent’.


word: PRODROMAL
russian_word: продромальный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊˈdrəʊm(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəʊˈdrəʊm(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting the period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development of a rash or fever.


word: PRODROME
russian_word: вводная часть
definition: an early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊdrəʊm
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊdrəʊm|ˈprɒdrəʊm
origin:
early 17th century: from French, from modern Latin prodromus, from Greek prodromos ‘precursor’, from pro ‘before’ + dromos ‘running’.


word: PRODUCE
russian_word: производить
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the company have just produced a luxury version of the aircraft|no conventional drugs had produced any significant change|he produced a sheet of paper from his pocket|the video was produced and directed by film-maker Neil Campbell|one side of the triangle was produced

definition:
make or manufacture from components or raw materials.|cause (a particular result or situation) to happen or exist.|show or provide (something) for consideration, inspection, or use.|administer the financial and managerial aspects of (a film or broadcast) or the staging of (a play, opera, etc.).|extend or continue (a line).

synonyms:
manufacture|make|construct|build|fabricate|put together|assemble|turn out|bring out|process|create|mass-produce|churn out

phonetic:
late Middle English (in produce (sense 3 of the verb)): from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. Current noun senses date from the late 17th century.


word: PRODUCER
russian_word: производитель
example: an oil producer|a film producer|producers begin food chains which feed all life
synonyms: manufacturer|maker|builder|fabricator|creator|grower|farmer
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈdjuːsə
phonetics_text: prəˈdjuːsə
definition:
a person, company, or country that makes, grows, or supplies goods or commodities for sale.|a person responsible for the financial and managerial aspects of the making of a film or broadcast or for staging a play, opera, etc.|an organism that produces organic compounds from simple substances such as water and carbon dioxide; an autotroph.


word: PRODUCT
russian_word: продукт
example: food products|her perpetual suntan was the product of a solarium
synonyms: result|consequence|outcome|effect|upshot|fruit|by-product|spin-off|legacy|issue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒdʌkt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒdʌkt
definition:
an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale.|a thing or person that is the result of an action or process.|a quantity obtained by multiplying quantities together, or from an analogous algebraic operation.

origin:
late Middle English (as a mathematical term): from Latin productum ‘something produced’, neuter past participle (used as a noun) of producere ‘bring forth’ (see produce).


word: PRODUCTION
russian_word: производство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
banning the production of chemical weapons|members are entitled to a discount on production of their membership card|the film was still in production

definition:
the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.|the provision of something for consideration, inspection, or use.|the process of or management involved in making a film, play, or record.

synonyms:
manufacture|manufacturing|making|producing|construction|building|fabrication|assembly|creation|mass production

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin productio(n- ), from producere ‘bring forth’ (see produce).


word: PRODUCTIVE
russian_word: продуктивный
example: the most productive employees
antonyms: sterile|barren
synonyms: fertile|fruitful|rich|fecund|high-yielding
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈdʌktɪv
phonetics_text: prəˈdʌktɪv
definition:
producing or able to produce large amounts of goods, crops, or other commodities.|(of a cough) that raises mucus from the respiratory tract.

origin:
early 17th century: from French productif, -ive or late Latin productivus, from product- ‘brought forth’, from the verb producere (see produce).


word: PROEM
russian_word: вступление
definition: a preface or preamble to a book or speech.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊɪm
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊɪm
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French proeme, via Latin from Greek prooimion ‘prelude’, from pro ‘before’ + oimē ‘song’.


word: PROFANE
russian_word: мирской
antonyms: religious|sacred
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: prəˈfeɪn
phonetics_text: prəˈfeɪn
example:
a talk that tackled topics both sacred and profane|a profane person might be tempted to violate the tomb

definition:
not relating to that which is sacred or religious; secular.|(of a person or their behaviour) not respectful of religious practice; irreverent.

synonyms:
secular|lay|non-religious|non-church|temporal|worldly|earthly|unsanctified|unconsecrated|unhallowed|laic

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘heathen’): from Old French prophane, from Latin profanus ‘outside the temple, not sacred’, from pro- (from Latin pro ‘before’) + fanum ‘temple’.


word: PROFANITY
russian_word: профанация
example: an outburst of profanity
definition: blasphemous or obscene language.
origin: mid 16th century: from late Latin profanitas, from Latin profanus ‘not sacred’ (see profane).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfanɪti
phonetics_text: prəˈfanɪti
synonyms:
oath|swear word|expletive|curse|obscenity|four-letter word|dirty word|execration|imprecation|blasphemy|swearing|foul language|bad language|cursing|cuss|cuss word


word: PROFESS
russian_word: исповедовать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈfɛs
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛs
example:
he had professed his love for her only to walk away|a people professing Christianity|a professor—what does he profess?

definition:
claim that one has (a quality or feeling), especially when this is not the case.|affirm one's faith in or allegiance to (a religion or set of beliefs).|teach (a subject) as a professor.

synonyms:
declare|announce|proclaim|assert|state|affirm|avow|maintain|protest|aver|vow|asseverate|claim|pretend|purport|allege|make a pretence of|lay claim|make out that|let on that

origin:
Middle English (as be professed ‘be received into a religious order’): from Latin profess- ‘declared publicly’, from the verb profiteri, from pro- ‘before’ + fateri ‘confess’.


word: PROFESSED
russian_word: исповедовали
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈfɛst
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛst
example:
for all her professed populism, she was seen as remote from ordinary people|a professed and conforming Anglican

definition:
(of a quality, feeling, or belief) claimed openly but often falsely.|(of a person) openly declared to be.

synonyms:
supposed|ostensible|alleged|claimed|so-called|soi-disant|self-styled|apparent|pretended|purported|would-be


word: PROFESSION
russian_word: профессия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n
example:
his chosen profession of teaching|his profession of delight rang hollow|a profession of faith in Jesus Christ

definition:
a paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification.|an act of declaring that one has a particular feeling or quality, especially when this is not the case.|a declaration of belief in a religion.

synonyms:
career|occupation|calling|vocation|line of work|line of employment|line|métier|business|trade|craft|walk of life|sphere|job|day job|position|way|racket|employ

origin:
Middle English (denoting the vow made on entering a religious order): via Old French from Latin professio(n- ), from profiteri ‘declare publicly’ (see profess). profession (sense 1) derives from the notion of an occupation that one ‘professes’ to be skilled in.


word: PROFESSIONAL
russian_word: профессиональный
example: young professional people|a professional boxer|their music is both memorable and professional
antonyms: manual
synonyms: white-collar|executive|non-manual
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
relating to or belonging to a profession.|engaged in a specified activity as one's main paid occupation rather than as a pastime.|worthy of or appropriate to a professional person; competent, skilful, or assured.


word: PROFESSIONALISM
russian_word: профессионализм
example: the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism|the trend towards professionalism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
the competence or skill expected of a professional.|the practising of an activity, especially a sport, by professional rather than amateur players.


word: PROFESSIONALIZE
russian_word: профессионализации
example: the report stresses the need to professionalize the workforce
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz
definition:
give (an occupation, activity, or group) professional qualities, typically by increasing training or raising required qualifications.


word: PROFESSIONALLY
russian_word: профессионально
example: professionally trained musicians|she has sung professionally with opera companies around the world
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)li
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛʃ(ə)n(ə)li
definition:
in a way that relates to a profession or career.|as a person's paid occupation rather than on an amateur basis.


word: PROFESSOR
russian_word: профессор
example: Professor Goodwin|the professors of true religion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfɛsə
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛsə
definition:
a university academic of the highest rank; the holder of a university chair.|a person who affirms a faith in or allegiance to something.

synonyms:
holder of a chair|chair|head of faculty|head of department|Regius professor|emeritus professor|don|academic|full professor|academician|prof

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin professor, from profess- ‘declared publicly’, from the verb profiteri (see profess).


word: PROFICIENCY
russian_word: умение
example: he demonstrated his proficiency in Chinese
definition: a high degree of skill; expertise.
antonyms: incompetence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi
synonyms:
skill|skilfulness|expertise|experience|ability|capability|capacity|competence|competency|adeptness|adroitness|excellence|mastery|prowess|professionalism|aptitude|deftness|dexterity|finesse|facility|effectiveness|accomplishment|aptness|expertness|talent|know-how


word: PROFICIENT
russian_word: опытный
example: I was proficient at my job
definition: competent or skilled in doing or using something.
antonyms: inept|inexpert|incompetent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt
synonyms:
skilled|skilful|expert|accomplished|experienced|practised|trained|seasoned|well versed|adept|adroit|deft|dexterous|able|capable|competent|professional|effective|apt|handy|talented|gifted|masterly|consummate|master|good|great|excellent|brilliant|crack|ace|mean|wicked|wizard|crackerjack|badass|compleat|shit-hot

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin proficient- ‘advancing’, from the verb proficere, from pro- ‘on behalf of’ + facere ‘do, make’.


word: PROFILE
russian_word: профиль
synonyms: side view|outline|silhouette|contour|shape|form|figure|lines
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊfʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊfʌɪl
example:
the man turned and she caught his profile|a profile of a Texas tycoon|raising the profile of women in industry|a sleep profile for someone on a shift system

definition:
an outline of something, especially a person's face, as seen from one side.|a short article giving a description of a person or organization.|the extent to which a person or organization attracts public notice.|a graphical or other representation of information relating to particular characteristics of something, recorded in quantified form.

origin:
mid 17th century: from obsolete Italian profilo, from the verb profilare, from pro- ‘forth’ + filare ‘to spin’, formerly ‘draw a line’ (from Latin filare, from filum ‘thread’).


word: PROFILE
russian_word: профиль
definition: describe (a person or organization) in a short article.|represent in outline from one side.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊfʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊfʌɪl
example:
he was to profile a backbench MP|he was standing motionless, profiled on the far side of the swimming pool

synonyms:
describe|write about|write an article about|give an account of|characterize|portray|depict|outline|sketch

origin:
mid 17th century: from obsolete Italian profilo, from the verb profilare, from pro- ‘forth’ + filare ‘to spin’, formerly ‘draw a line’ (from Latin filare, from filum ‘thread’).


word: PROFILER
russian_word: профилирования
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊfʌɪlə
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊfʌɪlə
example:
psychological profilers are being used to help officers build a picture of the attacker|a wind profiler for winds in the upper atmosphere

definition:
a person who records and analyses someone's psychological and behavioural characteristics, so as to assess or predict their capabilities or to assist in identifying categories of people.|an instrument or device for making scientific measurements, for example of the atmosphere or physical features.


word: PROFILING
russian_word: профилирование
example: we put everyone through psychometric profiling
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊfʌɪlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊfʌɪlɪŋ
definition:
the recording and analysis of a person's psychological and behavioural characteristics, so as to assess or predict their capabilities in a certain sphere or to assist in identifying categories of people.


word: PROFIT
russian_word: прибыль
example: record pre-tax profits|there's no profit in screaming at referees from the bench
antonyms: loss
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪt
definition:
a financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something.|advantage; benefit.

synonyms:
financial gain|gain|return(s)|payback|dividend|interest|yield|surplus|excess|gross profit|net profit|operating profit|take|killing|pay dirt|bottom line|bunce

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘advantage, benefit’): from Old French, from Latin profectus ‘progress, profit’, from proficere ‘to advance’, from pro- ‘on behalf of’ + facere ‘do’. The verb is from Old French profiter .


word: PROFITABLE
russian_word: прибыльный
example: a professionally run and profitable company|he'd had a profitable day
definition: (of a business or activity) yielding profit or financial gain.|beneficial; useful.
antonyms: unprofitable|loss-making
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from the verb profiter (see profit).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
moneymaking|profit-making|commercial|successful|commercially successful|money-spinning|sound|solvent|in the black|cost-effective|fruitful|gainful|remunerative|financially rewarding|paying|lucrative|bankable


word: PROFITABLY
russian_word: выгодно
definition: in a way that yields profit or financial gain.|in a beneficial or useful manner.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪtəbli
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪtəbli
example:
the company expects to start trading profitably early this year|I was determined to spend my time profitably with the children


word: PROFITEER
russian_word: спекулянт
example: they claim he has illegally profiteered from his businesses in a number of ways
definition: make or seek to make an excessive or unfair profit, especially illegally or in a black market.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: prɒfɪˈtɪə
phonetics_text: prɒfɪˈtɪə
synonyms:
overcharge|racketeer|make a fast/quick buck|make a quick killing|extortion|racketeering|exploitation|Rachmanism


word: PROFITEERING
russian_word: спекуляция
example: seven food merchants were charged for profiteering
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒfɪˈtɪərɪŋ
phonetics_text: prɒfɪˈtɪərɪŋ
definition:
the practice of making or seeking to make an excessive or unfair profit, especially illegally or in a black market.


word: PROFITEROLE
russian_word: профитроль
origin: French, diminutive of profit ‘profit’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfɪtərəʊl
phonetics_text: prəˈfɪtərəʊl
definition:
a small ball of soft, sweet choux pastry filled with cream and covered with chocolate sauce, served as a dessert.


word: PROFITLESS
russian_word: бесприбыльный
example: a long and profitless public row
definition: without benefit or advantage; pointless.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪtləs
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪtləs
synonyms:
pointless|useless|to no purpose|(of) no use|unprofitable|futile|vain|in vain|to no avail|to no effect|fruitless|senseless|unproductive|purposeless|idle|worthless|valueless|ineffective|unavailing|unrewarding|thankless|bootless


word: PROFLIGATE
russian_word: распутник
example: profligate consumers of energy|he succumbed to drink and a profligate lifestyle
definition: recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources.|licentious; dissolute.
antonyms: thrifty|frugal
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɒflɪɡət
phonetics_text: ˈprɒflɪɡət
synonyms:
wasteful|extravagant|spendthrift|improvident|prodigal|immoderate|excessive|thriftless|imprudent|reckless|irresponsible

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘overthrown, routed’): from Latin profligatus ‘dissolute’, past participle of profligare ‘overthrow, ruin’, from pro- ‘forward, down’ + fligere ‘strike down’.


word: PROFOUND
russian_word: глубокий
example: profound feelings of disquiet|a profound philosopher|profound crevasses
antonyms: superficial|mild
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈfaʊnd
phonetics_text: prəˈfaʊnd
definition:
(of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense.|(of a person or statement) having or showing great knowledge or insight.|very deep.

synonyms:
heartfelt|intense|keen|great|very great|extreme|sincere|earnest|deep|deepest|deeply felt|wholehearted|acute|overpowering|overwhelming|deep-seated|deep-rooted|fervent|ardent|far-reaching|radical|extensive|exhaustive|thoroughgoing|sweeping|life-changing

origin:
Middle English: from Old French profund, from Latin profundus ‘deep’, from Latin pro ‘before’ + fundus ‘bottom’. The word was used earliest in the sense ‘showing deep insight’.


word: PROFUNDITY
russian_word: пропасть
example: the simplicity and profundity of the message
definition: great depth of insight or knowledge.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfʌndəti
phonetics_text: prəˈfʌndəti
synonyms:
wisdom|(deep) insight|intelligence|sagacity|acuity|depth|profoundness|perceptiveness|penetration|perception|percipience|perspicuity|discernment|thoughtfulness|sapience


word: PROFUSE
russian_word: богатый
example: I offered my profuse apologies
definition: (especially of something offered or discharged) very plentiful; abundant.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈfjuːs
phonetics_text: prəˈfjuːs
synonyms:
copious|prolific|abundant|ample|extravagant|lavish|liberal|unstinting|fulsome|effusive|gushing|immoderate|unrestrained|excessive|inordinate|over the top|gushy

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘extravagant’): from Latin profusus ‘lavish, spread out’, past participle of profundere, from pro- ‘forth’ + fundere ‘pour’.


word: PROFUSION
russian_word: изобилие
example: a rich profusion of flowers
definition: an abundance or large quantity of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈfjuːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈfjuːʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
abundance|lot|mass|host|plenitude|cornucopia|riot|plethora|superfluity|superabundance|glut|surplus|surfeit|quantities|scores|millions|multitude|sea|wealth|lots|heaps|masses|stacks|piles|loads|bags|mountains|tons|oodles|shedload|swag|nimiety

origin:
mid 16th century: via French from Latin profusio(n- ), from profundere ‘pour out’. Early use expressed the senses ‘extravagance’, ‘squandering’, and ‘waste’.


word: PROGENITOR
russian_word: прародитель
example: his children were the progenitors of many of Scotland's noble families
synonyms: ancestor|forefather|forebear|parent|begetter|primogenitor|procreator|stirps
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪtə
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪtə
definition:
a person or thing from which a person, animal, or plant is descended or originates; an ancestor or parent.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French progeniteur, from Latin progenitor, from progenit- ‘begotten’, from the verb progignere, from pro- ‘forward’ + gignere ‘beget’.


word: PROGENY
russian_word: потомство
example: shorthorn cattle are highly effective in bestowing their characteristics on their progeny
definition: a descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒdʒəni
phonetics_text: ˈprɒdʒəni
synonyms:
offspring|children|young|family|brood|issue|progeniture|quiverful|descendants|successors|heirs|stock|scions|lineage|seed|posterity|spawn

origin:
Middle English: from Old French progenie, from Latin progenies, from progignere ‘beget’ (see progenitor).


word: PROGESTERONE
russian_word: прогестерон
origin: 1930s: blend of progestin and the German synonym Luteosteron (from corpus luteum + sterol).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈdʒɛstərəʊn
phonetics_text: prəˈdʒɛstərəʊn
definition:
a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy.


word: PROGESTOGEN
russian_word: прогестаген
origin: 1940s: from progestin + -gen.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛstədʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛstədʒ(ə)n
definition:
a natural or synthetic steroid hormone, such as progesterone, that maintains pregnancy and prevents further ovulation during pregnancy.


word: PROGLOTTID
russian_word: проглоттиды
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈɡlɒtɪd
phonetics_text: prəʊˈɡlɒtɪd
definition:
each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.

origin:
late 19th century: from Greek proglōssis, proglōssid- ‘point of the tongue’, based on glōssa, glōtta ‘tongue’ (because of its shape).


word: PROGNOSTIC
russian_word: прогностическим
example: the prognostic importance of the antibody
definition: relating to or serving to predict the likely course of a medical condition.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prɒɡˈnɒstɪk
phonetics_text: prɒɡˈnɒstɪk
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin prognosticus from Greek prognōstikos, from prognōsis (see prognosis).


word: PROGNOSTICATE
russian_word: предсказывать
example: the economists were prognosticating financial Armageddon
definition: foretell or prophesy (a future event).
synonyms: forecast|predict|prophesy|foretell|divine|presage|augur|previse|spae|vaticinate|auspicate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin prognosticat-, from the verb prognosticare ‘make a prediction’ (see prognostic).


word: PROGNOSTICATION
russian_word: прогнозирование
example: an unprecedented amount of soul-searching and prognostication
definition: the action of prophesying future events.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒɡnɒstɪˈkeɪʃn
phonetics_text: prɒɡnɒstɪˈkeɪʃn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French prognosticacion, from medieval Latin prognosticatio(n- ), from the verb prognosticare (see prognosticate).


word: PROGRAMMABLE
russian_word: программируемый
example: a programmable thermostat allows you to preset your home's heating patterns
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprəʊɡraməb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊɡraməb(ə)l|prəʊˈɡraməb(ə)l
definition:
(of a computer or other machine) able to be provided with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a task.


word: PROGRAMMATIC
russian_word: программный
example: a programmatic approach to change|programmatic tone poems and operas
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊɡrəˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: prəʊɡrəˈmatɪk
definition:
of the nature of or according to a programme, schedule, or method.|of the nature of programme music.


word: PROGRAMME
russian_word: программа
example: an extensive programme of reforms|a nature programme|a theatre programme
synonyms: scheme|plan|plan of action|initiative|series of measures|project|strategy|solution
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊɡram
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊɡram
definition:
a set of related measures or activities with a particular long-term aim.|a series of coded software instructions to control the operation of a computer or other machine.|a presentation or item on television or radio, especially one broadcast regularly between stated times.|a sheet or booklet giving details of items or performers at an event or performance.

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘written notice’): via late Latin from Greek programma, from prographein ‘write publicly’, from pro ‘before’ + graphein ‘write’.


word: PROGRAMMING
russian_word: программирование
example: programming languages|the programming of shows
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊɡramɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊɡramɪŋ
definition:
the process or activity of writing computer programs.|the process of scheduling something, especially radio or television programmes.


word: PROGRESS
russian_word: прогресс
example: the darkness did not stop my progress|we are making progress towards equal rights
synonyms: forward movement|onward movement|progression|advance|advancement|headway|passage|going
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
forward or onward movement towards a destination.|development towards an improved or more advanced condition.

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Latin progressus ‘an advance’, from the verb progredi, from pro- ‘forward’ + gradi ‘to walk’. The verb became obsolete in British English use at the end of the 17th century and was readopted from American English in the early 19th century.


word: PROGRESSED
russian_word: прогрессировала
definition: calculated or determined according to the technique of progression.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈɡrɛst
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈɡrɛst|ˈprəʊɡrɛst
example:
I felt especially lucky since, according to my progressed chart, Jupiter had moved into my first house


word: PROGRESSION
russian_word: прогрессия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
example:
good opportunities for career progression|the vista unfolds in a progression of castles and vineyards as seemingly endless as the Rhine itself

definition:
the process of developing or moving gradually towards a more advanced state.|a number of things in a series.

synonyms:
development|progress|process|continuation|continuance|advance|advancement|movement|forward movement|onward movement|passage|career|march|evolution|growth|evolvement

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin progressio(n- ), from the verb progredi (see progress).


word: PROGRESSIONIST
russian_word: прогрессивный человек
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prəˈɡrɛʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: prəˈɡrɛʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
a supporter of the theory that all life forms gradually evolve to a higher form.|an advocate of or believer in political or social progress.


word: PROGRESSIVE
russian_word: прогрессивный
example: a progressive decline in popularity|a relatively progressive Minister of Education
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈɡrɛsɪv
phonetics_text: prəˈɡrɛsɪv
definition:
happening or developing gradually or in stages.|(of a person or idea) favouring social reform.|denoting an aspect or tense of a verb that expresses an action in progress, e.g. am writing, was writing.|(of a card game or dance) involving a series of sections for which participants successively change place or relative position.|engaging in or constituting forward motion.

synonyms:
continuing|continuous|increasing|growing|developing|ongoing|intensifying|accelerating|escalating|gradual|step by step|cumulative

origin:
early 17th century: from French progressif, -ive or medieval Latin progressivus, from progress- ‘gone forward’, from the verb progredi (see progress).


word: PROGRESSIVELY
russian_word: постепенно
definition: steadily; in stages.|in a forward-looking, innovative manner.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: prəˈɡrɛsɪvli
phonetics_text: prəˈɡrɛsɪvli
example:
symptoms become progressively worse over a period of years|we have a strong product but to retain this momentum we must think progressively


word: PROHIBIT
russian_word: запрещать
example: all ivory trafficking between nations is prohibited
definition: formally forbid (something) by law, rule, or other authority.
antonyms: permit|authorize
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈhɪbɪt
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈhɪbɪt
synonyms:
forbid|ban|bar|interdict|veto|proscribe|make illegal|place an embargo on|embargo|disallow|outlaw|taboo|enjoin|restrain|forbidden|banned|not allowed|not permitted|illegal|illicit|against the law|barred|vetoed|proscribed|embargoed|disallowed|outlawed|contraband|non licet|verboten|haram|tapu|no go

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin prohibit- ‘kept in check’, from the verb prohibere, from pro- ‘in front’ + habere ‘to hold’.


word: PROHIBITION
russian_word: запрет
example: they argue that prohibition of drugs will always fail
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊhɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊhɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n|prəʊɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of forbidding something, especially by law.|the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933.

synonyms:
banning|forbidding|prohibiting|barring|debarment|vetoing|proscription|disallowing|disallowance|interdiction|outlawing|making illegal|ban|bar|interdict|veto|embargo|injunction|boycott|moratorium

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin prohibitio(n- ), from prohibere ‘keep in check’ (see prohibit).


word: PROHIBITIVE
russian_word: запретительный
example: prohibitive legislation|the cost of converting existing power stations is likely to be prohibitive
synonyms: proscriptive|prohibitory|restrictive|suppressive|repressive|restraining|inhibitory
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈhɪbɪtɪv
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈhɪbɪtɪv
definition:
(of a law or rule) forbidding or restricting something.|(of a price or charge) so high as to prevent something being done or bought.

origin:
late Middle English (in prohibitive (sense 1)): from French prohibitif, -ive or Latin prohibitivus, from prohibit- ‘kept in check’, from the verb prohibere (see prohibit).


word: PROJECT
russian_word: проект
example: a research project|her family still lives in the projects
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.|a government-subsidized housing development with relatively low rents.

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘preliminary design, tabulated statement’): from Latin projectum ‘something prominent’, neuter past participle of proicere ‘throw forth’, from pro- ‘forth’ + jacere ‘to throw’. Early senses of the verb were ‘plan’ and ‘cause to move forward’.


word: PROJECTED
russian_word: прогнозируется
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈdʒɛktɪd
phonetics_text: prəˈdʒɛktɪd
example:
the projected cost is $51 million|the show melds projected images and live performance into a seamless whole

definition:
estimated or forecast on the basis of current trends or data.|(of light, shadow, or an image) cast or transmitted on to a surface.


word: PROJECTING
russian_word: выступающий
example: a projecting bay window
definition: extending outwards beyond something else; protruding.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈdʒɛktɪŋ
phonetics_text: prəˈdʒɛktɪŋ
synonyms:
sticking out|protuberant|protruding|prominent|jutting|jutting out|overhanging|standing out|proud|bulging|bulbous|obtrusive|extrusive|protrusive|protrudent|excrescent|exsertile


word: PROJECTION
russian_word: проекция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
example:
plans based on projections of slow but positive growth|quality illustrations for overhead projection|the legal profession's projection of an image of altruism|the chipboard covered all the sharp projections

definition:
an estimate or forecast of a future situation based on a study of present trends.|the presentation of an image on a surface, especially a cinema screen.|the presentation or promotion of someone or something in a particular way.|a thing that extends outwards from something else.|the action of projecting a figure.|the representation on a plane surface of part of the surface of the earth or a celestial sphere.

synonyms:
estimate|forecast|prediction|calculation|prognosis|prognostication|reckoning|expectation|forecasting|estimation|computation|extrapolation

origin:
mid 16th century (in projection (sense 6)): from Latin projectio(n- ), from proicere ‘throw forth’ (see project).


word: PROJECTIVE
russian_word: проективный
example: projective transformations|the projective contents of wish fantasies
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈdʒɛktɪv
phonetics_text: prəˈdʒɛktɪv
definition:
relating to or derived by projection.|relating to the unconscious transfer of one's desires or emotions to another person.


word: PROJECTOR
russian_word: проектор
example: he was a tobacco-grower and projector
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈdʒɛktə
phonetics_text: prəˈdʒɛktə
definition:
a device that is used to project rays of light, especially an apparatus with a system of lenses for projecting slides or film on to a screen.|a person who plans and sets up a project.


word: PROKARYOTE
russian_word: прокариот
origin: 1960s: from pro-2 ‘before’ + Greek karuon ‘nut, kernel’ + -ote as in zygote.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈkarɪəʊt
phonetics_text: prəʊˈkarɪəʊt|prəʊˈkarɪɒt
definition:
a microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria.


word: PROLACTIN
russian_word: пролактин
origin: 1930s: from pro-2 ‘before’ + lactation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈlaktɪn
phonetics_text: prəʊˈlaktɪn
definition:
a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production after childbirth.


word: PROLAPSE
russian_word: пролапс
example: a rectal prolapse
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a displacement of a part or organ of the body from its normal position, usually downwards or outwards, often resulting in it protruding from an orifice.

phonetic:
late 17th century: from Latin prolaps- ‘slipped forward’, from the verb prolabi, from pro- ‘forward, down’ + labi ‘to slip’.


word: PROLAPSED
russian_word: выпадение
example: a prolapsed uterus
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprəʊlapst
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊlapst
definition:
(of a part or organ of the body) displaced from its normal position, especially downwards or outwards, often so as to protrude from an orifice.


word: PROLATE
russian_word: вытянутый
definition: (of a spheroid) lengthened in the direction of a polar diameter.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprəʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊleɪt
origin:
late 17th century: from Latin prolatus ‘carried forward’, past participle of proferre ‘prolong’, from pro- ‘forward’ + ferre ‘carry’.


word: PROLEGOMENON
russian_word: пролегомены
example: a prolegomenon to the second part
definition: a critical or discursive introduction to a book.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊlɪˈɡɒmɪnən
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊlɪˈɡɒmɪnən
origin:
mid 17th century: via Latin from Greek, passive present participle (neuter) of prolegein ‘say beforehand’, from pro ‘before’ + legein ‘say’.


word: PROLEPSIS
russian_word: пролепсис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈlɛpsɪs
phonetics_text: prəʊˈlɛpsɪs|prəʊˈliːpsɪs
example:
the destruction of the Vendôme Column and his part in it are foreshadowed in moments of haunting prolepsis

definition:
the anticipation and answering of possible objections in rhetorical speech.|the representation of a thing as existing before it actually does or did so, as in he was a dead man when he entered.

origin:
late Middle English (as a term in rhetoric): via late Latin from Greek prolēpsis, from prolambanein ‘anticipate’, from pro ‘before’ + lambanein ‘take’.


word: PROLETARIAN
russian_word: пролетарский
example: a proletarian ideology
definition: relating to the proletariat.
synonyms: working-class|plebeian|cloth-cap|common|ordinary
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊlɪˈtɛːrɪən
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊlɪˈtɛːrɪən
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin proletarius (from proles ‘offspring’), denoting a person having no wealth in property, who only served the state by producing offspring, + -an.


word: PROLETARIAT
russian_word: пролетариат
example: the growth of the industrial proletariat
definition: working-class people regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).
antonyms: aristocracy|nobility
origin: mid 19th century: from French prolétariat, from Latin proletarius (see proletarian).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊlɪˈtɛːrɪət
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊlɪˈtɛːrɪət
synonyms:
the workers|working-class people|wage-earners|the labouring classes|the common people|the ordinary people|the lower classes|the masses|the commonalty|the rank and file|the third estate|the plebeians|the hoi polloi|the plebs|the proles|the great unwashed|the mob|the rabble|the canaille


word: PROLIFERATE
russian_word: распространяться
example: the science fiction magazines which proliferated in the 1920s
definition: increase rapidly in number; multiply.
antonyms: decrease|dwindle
origin: late 19th century: back-formation from proliferation.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈlɪfəreɪt
phonetics_text: prəˈlɪfəreɪt
synonyms:
increase rapidly|grow rapidly|multiply|become more numerous|mushroom|snowball|burgeon|escalate|rocket|run riot


word: PROLIFIC
russian_word: плодовитый
example: in captivity tigers are prolific breeders|mahogany was once prolific in the tropical forests
synonyms: productive|creative|inventive|fertile
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin prolificus, from Latin proles ‘offspring’ (see proliferous).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈlɪfɪk
phonetics_text: prəˈlɪfɪk
definition:
(of a plant, animal, or person) producing much fruit or foliage or many offspring.|present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful.


word: PROLIX
russian_word: многословный
example: he found the narrative too prolix and discursive
definition: (of speech or writing) using or containing too many words; tediously lengthy.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprəʊlɪks
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊlɪks|prəˈlɪks
synonyms:
lengthy|long-winded|long-drawn-out|overlong|prolonged|protracted|interminable|laborious|ponderous|endless|unending|verbose|wordy|full of verbiage|verbal|diffuse|discursive|digressive|rambling|wandering|circuitous|meandering|maundering|periphrastic|circumlocutory|windy|ambagious|pleonastic|circumlocutionary|logorrhoeic

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French prolixe or Latin prolixus ‘poured forth, extended’, from pro- ‘outward’ + liquere ‘be liquid’.


word: PROLOCUTOR
russian_word: ходатай
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊləˌkjuːtə
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊləˌkjuːtə|ˈprɒləˌkjuːtə|prə(ʊ)ˈlɒkjʊtə
definition:
a chairperson of the lower house of convocation in a province of the Church of England.|a spokesman.

origin:
late Middle English (in prolocutor (sense 2)): from Latin, from prolocut- ‘spoken out’, from the verb proloqui, from pro- ‘before’ + loqui ‘speak’.


word: PROLOGUE
russian_word: пролог
antonyms: epilogue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊlɒɡ
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊlɒɡ
example:
the suppressed prologue to Women in Love|the events from 1945 to 1956 provided the prologue to the post-imperial era

definition:
a separate introductory section of a literary, dramatic, or musical work.|an event or act that leads to another.

synonyms:
introduction|foreword|preface|preamble|prelude|preliminary|intro|exordium|proem|prolegomenon|prooemium|prooemion

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, via Latin from Greek prologos, from pro- ‘before’ + logos ‘saying’.


word: PROLONG
russian_word: продлить
example: an idea which prolonged the life of the engine by many years
definition: extend the duration of.
antonyms: shorten
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈlɒŋ
phonetics_text: prəˈlɒŋ
synonyms:
lengthen|make longer|extend|extend the duration of|draw out|drag out|protract|spin out|stretch out|string out|elongate|carry on|continue|keep up|keep something going|go on with|perpetuate|sustain|wire-draw

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French prolonguer, from late Latin prolongare, from pro- ‘forward, onward’ + longus ‘long’.


word: PROLUSION
russian_word: вступительная статья
definition: a preliminary action or event; a prelude.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin prolusio(n- ), from prolus- ‘practised beforehand’, from the verb proludere, from pro ‘before’ + ludere ‘to play’.


word: PROM
russian_word: выпускного вечера
origin: late 19th century (originally US, in sense ‘formal dance’): short for promenade.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒm
phonetics_text: prɒm
example:
she took a shortcut along the prom|he asked me to the school prom but I turned him down|the last night of the Proms

definition:
a paved public walk, typically one along the seafront at a resort.|a ball or formal dance at a school or college, especially one held at the end of the academic year for students who are in their final year.|a concert of classical music at which part of the audience stands, in particular one of a series of concerts performed annually at the Royal Albert Hall in London.


word: PROMENADE
russian_word: прогулка
synonyms: esplanade|front|seafront|parade|walk|boulevard|avenue|walkway|mall|boardwalk|alameda|prom
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌprɒməˈnɑːd
phonetics_text: ˌprɒməˈnɑːd|ˌprɒməˈneɪd|ˈprɒmənɑːd|ˈprɒməneɪd
definition:
a paved public walk, typically one along the seafront at a resort.|archaic term for prom (sense 2 of the noun).

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a leisurely walk in public): from French, from se promener ‘to walk’, reflexive of promener ‘take for a walk’.


word: PROMETHAZINE
russian_word: прометазина
origin: 1950s: from pro(pyl ) + ( di)meth(ylamine ), a colourless gas + ( phenothi)azine .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈmɛθəziːn
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈmɛθəziːn
definition:
a synthetic antihistamine drug derived from phenothiazine, used chiefly to treat the symptoms of allergies and motion sickness.


word: PROMETHIUM
russian_word: прометий
origin: 1940s: modern Latin, from the name of the Titan Prometheus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈmiːθɪəm
phonetics_text: prəˈmiːθɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 61, a radioactive metal of the lanthanide series. It was first produced artificially in a nuclear reactor and occurs in nature in traces as a product of uranium fission.


word: PROMINENCE
russian_word: известность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒmɪnəns
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmɪnəns
example:
she came to prominence as an artist in the 1960s|radiographs showed enlargement of the right heart with prominence of the pulmonary outflow tract

definition:
the state of being important, famous, or noticeable.|the fact or state of projecting from something.

synonyms:
fame|celebrity|eminence|pre-eminence|importance|distinction|greatness|note|notability|prestige|stature|standing|position|rank|renown|repute|illustriousness|acclaim|influence|account|consequence|visibility|good coverage|close attention|precedence|weight|a high profile|top billing|noticeability

origin:
late 16th century (denoting something that juts out): from obsolete French, from Latin prominentia ‘jutting out’, from the verb prominere (see prominent).


word: PROMINENT
russian_word: видный
antonyms: unimportant|obscure|unknown
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈprɒmɪnənt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmɪnənt
example:
she was a prominent member of the city council|a man with big, prominent eyes like a lobster's|the new housing estates are prominent landmarks

definition:
important; famous.|projecting from something; protuberant.|situated so as to catch the attention; noticeable.

synonyms:
important|well known|leading|eminent|pre-eminent|distinguished|notable|noteworthy|noted|public|outstanding|foremost|of mark|illustrious|celebrated|famous|renowned|acclaimed|famed|honoured|esteemed|respected|well thought of|influential|prestigious|big|top|great|chief|main|major-league

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘projecting’): from Latin prominent- ‘jutting out’, from the verb prominere . Compare with eminent.


word: PROMINENTLY
russian_word: заметно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɒmɪnəntli
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmɪnəntli
example:
the actor is to figure prominently in the marketing campaign|because of their height, the towers stand out prominently|posters were prominently displayed in the hall

definition:
with an important role; to a large extent.|in a manner that projects or protrudes from something.|so as to catch the attention; conspicuously.


word: PROMISCUITY
russian_word: промискуитет
example: some fear this will lead to greater sexual promiscuity amongst teens
definition: the fact or state of being promiscuous.
antonyms: chastity|celibacy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒmɪˈskjuːɪti
phonetics_text: prɒmɪˈskjuːɪti
synonyms:
licence|licentiousness|promiscuousness|wantonness|debauchery|wildness|dissoluteness|dissipation|libertinism|immorality|incontinence|sleeping around|looseness


word: PROMISCUOUS
russian_word: неразборчивый
example: promiscuous teenagers|the city fathers were promiscuous with their honours
antonyms: chaste|monogamous|restrained
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈmɪskjʊəs
phonetics_text: prəˈmɪskjʊəs
definition:
having or characterized by many transient sexual relationships.|demonstrating or implying an unselective approach; indiscriminate or casual.

synonyms:
licentious|sexually indiscriminate|wild|debauched|dissolute|dissipated|liberated|sex-positive|profligate|unchaste|libertine|abandoned|unrestrained|swinging|tarty|trampy|slack|wanton|of easy virtue|fast|loose|fallen|roundheeled|light|riggish|slutty|easy

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin promiscuus ‘indiscriminate’, (based on miscere ‘to mix’) + -ous. The early sense was ‘consisting of elements mixed together’, giving rise to ‘indiscriminate’ and ‘undiscriminating’, whence the notion of ‘casual’.


word: PROMISE
russian_word: обещание
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɒmɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmɪs
example:
what happened to all those firm promises of support?|he showed great promise even as a junior officer

definition:
a declaration or assurance that one will do something or that a particular thing will happen.|the quality of potential excellence.

synonyms:
word of honour|word|assurance|pledge|vow|guarantee|oath|bond|undertaking|agreement|commitment|contract|covenant|compact

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin promissum ‘something promised’, neuter past participle of promittere ‘put forth, promise’, from pro- ‘forward’ + mittere ‘send’.


word: PROMISING
russian_word: многообещающий
example: a promising film actor
definition: showing signs of future success.
antonyms: unfavourable|inauspicious|ominous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ
synonyms:
good|encouraging|favourable|hopeful|full of promise|auspicious|propitious|optimistic|positive|bright|rosy|likely-looking|heartening|reassuring|with potential|budding|up-and-coming|rising|coming|in the making|talented|gifted|able|apt


word: PROMISSORY
russian_word: долговой
definition: conveying or implying a promise.|indicative of something to come; full of promise.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒmɪs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmɪs(ə)ri
example:
statements that are promissory in nature|the glow of evening is promissory of the splendid days to come

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin promissorius, from promiss- ‘promised’, from the verb promittere (see promise).


word: PROMMER
russian_word: Проммер
example: the prommers kept audience participation to a minimum
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒmə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒmə
definition:
a person attending a promenade concert and choosing to stand in the area without seating; a promenader.


word: PROMONTORY
russian_word: мыс
example: a rocky promontory
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒm(ə)nt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈprɒm(ə)nt(ə)ri
definition:
a point of high land that juts out into the sea or a large lake; a headland.|a protuberance on an organ or other bodily structure.

synonyms:
headland|point|cape|head|foreland|horn|spit|hook|bill|ness|naze|peninsula|bluff|cliff|precipice|prominence|projection|overhang|height|ridge|spur|mull

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin promontorium, variant (influenced by mons, mont- ‘mountain’) of promunturium .


word: PROMOTE
russian_word: способствовать
example: some regulation is still required to promote competition|she was promoted to General Manager
antonyms: obstruct|impede
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈməʊt
phonetics_text: prəˈməʊt
definition:
support or actively encourage (a cause, venture, etc.); further the progress of.|raise (someone) to a higher position or rank.|(of an additive) act as a promoter of (a catalyst).

synonyms:
encourage|further|advance|assist|aid|help|contribute to|foster|nurture|develop|boost|stimulate|forward|advocate|recommend|urge|support|back|endorse|champion|speak for|proselytize|sponsor|espouse|push for|work for

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin promot- ‘moved forward’, from the verb promovere, from pro- ‘forward, onward’ + movere ‘to move’.


word: PROMOTER
russian_word: промоутер
example: a boxing promoter|Mitterrand was a fierce promoter of European integration
synonyms: advocate|champion|supporter|backer|upholder|proponent|exponent|protagonist|campaigner|booster
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈməʊtə
phonetics_text: prəˈməʊtə
definition:
a person or company that finances or organizes a sporting event, concert, or theatrical production.|a supporter of a cause or aim.|an additive that increases the activity of a catalyst.

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French promotour, from medieval Latin promotor (see promote).


word: PROMOTION
russian_word: продвижение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈməʊʃn
phonetics_text: prəˈməʊʃn
example:
the promotion of cultural and racial diversity|a sales promotion company|majors designated for promotion to lieutenant colonel

definition:
activity that supports or encourages a cause, venture, or aim.|the publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness.|the action of promoting someone or something to a higher position or rank or the fact of being so promoted.|the action of promoting a catalyst.

synonyms:
encouragement|furtherance|furthering|advancement|assistance|aid|help|contribution to|fostering|boosting|stimulation|development|advocacy|recommendation|urging|support|backing|endorsement|championship|sponsoring|espousal|boosterism

origin:
late Middle English (in promotion (sense 3)): via Old French from Latin promotio(n- ), from promovere ‘move forward’ (see promote).


word: PROMOTIONAL
russian_word: рекламный
example: she was on a promotional tour for her books
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈməʊʃənl
phonetics_text: prəˈməʊʃənl
definition:
relating to the publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness.


word: PROMPT
russian_word: подсказка
example: the violence prompted a wave of refugees to flee the country|‘And the picture?’ he prompted
antonyms: deter|restrain
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective|adverb
phonetic: prɒm(p)t
phonetics_text: prɒm(p)t
definition:
(of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling).|encourage (a hesitating speaker) to say something.

synonyms:
give rise to|bring about|cause|occasion|result in|lead to|elicit|produce|bring on|engender|induce|call forth|evoke|precipitate|trigger|spark off|provoke|instigate

origin:
Middle English (as a verb): based on Old French prompt or Latin promptus ‘brought to light’, also ‘prepared, ready’, past participle of promere ‘to produce’, from pro- ‘out, forth’ + emere ‘take’.


word: PROMPTER
russian_word: суфлер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒm(p)tə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒm(p)tə
definition:
a person seated out of sight of the audience who supplies a forgotten word or line to an actor during the performance of a play.


word: PROMPTING
russian_word: побуждение
example: after some prompting, the defendant gave the police his name
definition: the action of saying something to persuade, encourage, or remind someone to do or say something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒm(p)tɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈprɒm(p)tɪŋ
synonyms:
encouragement|reminder(s)|reminding|cue(s)|prodding|pushing|persuasion|hint(s)|advice|suggestion(s)|assistance|inducement


word: PROMPTLY
russian_word: быстро
example: he paid the fine promptly|Jamie arrived promptly at 8:30
definition: with little or no delay; immediately.|at exactly a specified time; punctually.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɒm(p)tli
phonetics_text: ˈprɒm(p)tli
synonyms:
punctually|on time|on the dot|on the nail|bang on|spot on|on the button|on the knocker|quickly|swiftly|rapidly|speedily|fast|as soon as possible|ASAP|expeditiously|at once|immediately|straight away|right away|now|without delay|without hesitation|forthwith|directly|instantly|instantaneously|by return|unhesitatingly|momentarily|pronto|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|in double quick time


word: PROMULGATE
russian_word: обнародовать
example: these objectives have to be promulgated within the organization
definition: promote or make widely known (an idea or cause).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɒm(ə)lɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒm(ə)lɡeɪt
synonyms:
make known|make public|publicize|spread|communicate|propagate|disseminate|circulate|broadcast|promote|announce|proclaim|bruit about

origin:
mid 16th century (earlier (late 15th century) as promulgation ): from Latin promulgat- ‘exposed to public view’, from the verb promulgare, from pro- ‘out, publicly’ + mulgere ‘cause to come forth’ (literally ‘to milk’).


word: PRONATOR
russian_word: пронатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈneɪtə
phonetics_text: prəʊˈneɪtə
definition:
a muscle whose contraction produces or assists in the pronation of a limb or part of a limb.|a person who pronates when walking or running.


word: PRONE
russian_word: склонный
example: farmed fish are prone to disease|I was lying prone on a foam mattress
antonyms: resistant|immune
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pronus ‘leaning forward’, from pro ‘forwards’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊn
phonetics_text: prəʊn
definition:
likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable.|lying flat, especially face downwards.

synonyms:
susceptible|vulnerable|liable|inclined|given|subject|disposed|predisposed|open|likely to have/get|apt to get|with a tendency to get|at risk of|in danger of getting


word: PRONENESS
russian_word: склонность
example: his proneness to injury will seriously mar a promising career
definition: liability to suffer from or experience something disagreeable; susceptibility.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊnnɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊnnɪs
synonyms:
susceptibility|liability|tendency|inclination|disposition|predisposition|vulnerability|openness|propensity|proclivity|miasm


word: PRONG
russian_word: зубец
example: the three main prongs of the government's programme
synonyms: tine|point|tip|spike|projection
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prɒŋ
phonetics_text: prɒŋ
definition:
each of two or more projecting pointed parts at the end of a fork.|each of the separate parts of an attack or operation, typically approaching a place or subject from different positions.

origin:
late 15th century (denoting a forked implement): perhaps related to Middle Low German prange ‘pinching instrument’. The verb dates from the mid 19th century.


word: PRONGHORN
russian_word: вилорог
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒŋhɔːn
phonetics_text: ˈprɒŋhɔːn
definition:
a deerlike North American mammal with a stocky body, long slim legs, and black horns that are shed and regrown annually.


word: PRONOMINAL
russian_word: местоименный
example: a pronominal form
definition: relating to or serving as a pronoun.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊˈnɒmɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəʊˈnɒmɪn(ə)l
origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin pronominalis ‘belonging to a pronoun’, from Latin pronomen (see pronoun).


word: PRONOUN
russian_word: местоимение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊnaʊn
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊnaʊn
definition:
a word that can function as a noun phrase used by itself and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g. I, you ) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. she, it, this ).

origin:
late Middle English: from pro-1 ‘on behalf of’, + noun, suggested by French pronom, Latin pronomen (from pro- ‘for, in place of’ + nomen ‘name’).


word: PRONOUNCE
russian_word: произносить
example: Gerry pronounced the hero's name ‘Cahoolin’|allow history to pronounce the verdict
synonyms: say|enunciate|articulate|utter|express|voice|vocalize|get one's tongue round|sound|enounce
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈnaʊns
phonetics_text: prəˈnaʊns
definition:
make the sound of (a word or part of a word) in the correct or a particular way.|declare or announce in a formal or solemn way.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pronuncier, from Latin pronuntiare, from pro- ‘out, forth’ + nuntiare ‘announce’ (from nuntius ‘messenger’).


word: PRONOUNCED
russian_word: выраженный
example: he had a pronounced squint
definition: very noticeable or marked; conspicuous.
antonyms: faint|inconspicuous|indefinite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈnaʊnst
phonetics_text: prəˈnaʊnst
synonyms:
noticeable|marked|strong|conspicuous|striking|distinct|decided|definite|prominent|notable|unmistakable|inescapable|obvious|evident|plain|clear|recognizable|identifiable|broad|thick


word: PRONOUNCEMENT
russian_word: высказывание
example: distrust of the pronouncements of politicians was endemic
definition: a formal or authoritative announcement or declaration.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈnaʊnsm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prəˈnaʊnsm(ə)nt
synonyms:
announcement|proclamation|declaration|formal statement|assertion|judgement|ruling|adjudication|decree|edict|ordinance|dictum|promulgation|deliverance|ukase|pronunciamento|ipse dixit|asseveration


word: PRONUCLEAR
russian_word: пронуклеусов
example: gene modifications via pronuclear injection of mouse embryos
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊˈnjuːklɪə
phonetics_text: prəʊˈnjuːklɪə
definition:
relating to either of a pair of gametic nuclei, in the stage following meiosis but before their fusion leads to the formation of the nucleus of the zygote.


word: PRONUCLEUS
russian_word: пронуклеус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈnjuːklɪəs
phonetics_text: prəʊˈnjuːklɪəs
definition:
either of a pair of gametic nuclei, in the stage following meiosis but before their fusion leads to the formation of the nucleus of the zygote.


word: PRONUNCIATION
russian_word: произношение
example: spelling does not determine pronunciation
definition: the way in which a word is pronounced.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pronuntiatio(n- ), from the verb pronuntiare (see pronounce).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
accent|manner of speaking|speech pattern|speech|diction|delivery|elocution|intonation|modulation|articulation|enunciation|saying|uttering|utterance|sounding|voicing|vocalization|orthoepy


word: PROOF
russian_word: доказательство
example: you will be asked to give proof of your identity|powerful 132-proof rum
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: pruːf
phonetics_text: pruːf
definition:
evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement.|a trial impression of a page, taken from type or film and used for making corrections before final printing.|the strength of distilled alcoholic spirits, relative to proof spirit taken as a standard of 100.|a test or trial of something.|a trial or a civil case before a judge without a jury.

synonyms:
evidence|verification|corroboration|authentication|confirmation|certification|validation|attestation|demonstration|substantiation|witness|testament|documentation|facts|data|testimony|ammunition

origin:
Middle English preve, from Old French proeve, from late Latin proba, from Latin probare ‘to test, prove’. The change of vowel in late Middle English was due to the influence of prove. Current senses of the verb date from the late 19th century.


word: PROP
russian_word: подпирать
example: he looked around for a prop to pin the door open
origin: late Middle English: probably from Middle Dutch proppe ‘support (for vines)’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prɒp
phonetics_text: prɒp
definition:
a pole or beam used as a temporary support or to keep something in position.|a forward at either end of the front row of a scrum.|a sudden stop made by a horse moving at speed.

synonyms:
pole|post|beam|support|upright|brace|buttress|stay|shaft|strut|stanchion|shore|pier|vertical|pillar|pile|piling|bolster|truss|column|rod|stick|point d'appui|sprag


word: PROPAEDEUTIC
russian_word: пропедевтический
definition: (of an area of study) serving as a preliminary instruction or as an introduction to further study.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊpɪˈdjuːtɪk
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊpɪˈdjuːtɪk
origin:
late 18th century: from pro-2 ‘before’ + Greek paideutikos ‘of or for teaching’, suggested by Greek propaideuein ‘teach beforehand’.


word: PROPAGANDA
russian_word: пропаганда
example: he was charged with distributing enemy propaganda
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒpəˈɡandə
phonetics_text: prɒpəˈɡandə
definition:
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.|a committee of cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church responsible for foreign missions, founded in 1622 by Pope Gregory XV.

synonyms:
information|promotion|advertising|advertisement|publicity|advocacy|spin|newspeak|agitprop|disinformation|counter-information|brainwashing|indoctrination|the big lie|info|hype|plugging|disinfo

origin:
Italian, from modern Latin congregatio de propaganda fide ‘congregation for propagation of the faith’ (see propaganda (sense 2)). propaganda (sense 1) dates from the early 20th century.


word: PROPAGANDIST
russian_word: пропагандист
example: a highly persuasive political propagandist
definition: a person who disseminates propaganda.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prɒpəˈɡandɪst
phonetics_text: prɒpəˈɡandɪst
synonyms:
advocate|champion|supporter|promoter|proponent|exponent|campaigner|crusader|publicist|evangelist|apostle|proselytizer|indoctrinator|plugger|spin doctor


word: PROPAGATE
russian_word: распространяться
synonyms: breed|grow|cultivate|generate|layer|pipe
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɒpəɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒpəɡeɪt
example:
try propagating your own houseplants from cuttings|the French propagated the idea that the English were drunkards|electromagnetic effects can be propagated at a finite velocity only through material substances

definition:
breed specimens of (a plant or animal) by natural processes from the parent stock.|spread and promote (an idea, theory, etc.) widely.|(with reference to motion, light, sound, etc.) transmit or be transmitted in a particular direction or through a medium.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin propagat- ‘multiplied from layers or shoots’, from the verb propagare ; related to propago ‘young shoot’ (from a base meaning ‘fix’).


word: PROPAGATION
russian_word: распространение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒpəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɒpəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the propagation of plants by root cuttings|a life devoted to the propagation of the Catholic faith|the propagation of radio waves through space

definition:
the breeding of specimens of a plant or animal by natural processes from the parent stock.|the action of widely spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.|transmission of motion, light, sound, etc. in a particular direction or through a medium.


word: PROPAGATOR
russian_word: распространитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒpəɡeɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒpəɡeɪtə
definition:
a covered, typically heated container filled with earth or compost, used for germinating or raising seedlings.|a person who spreads and promotes an idea, theory, etc.


word: PROPAGULE
russian_word: сеянец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒpəɡjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈprɒpəɡjuːl
definition:
a vegetative structure that can become detached from a plant and give rise to a new plant, e.g. a bud, sucker, or spore.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin propagulum ‘small shoot’, diminutive of propago ‘shoot, runner’.


word: PROPEL
russian_word: приводить в движение
example: the boat is propelled by using a very long paddle
definition: drive or push something forwards.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈpɛl
phonetics_text: prəˈpɛl
synonyms:
push/move forwards|move|set in motion|get moving|drive|throw|thrust|toss|fling|hurl|lob|let fly|launch|pitch|project|send|shoot|chuck|sling|bung

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘expel, drive out’): from Latin propellere, from pro- ‘forward’ + pellere ‘to drive’.


word: PROPELLANT
russian_word: ракетное топливо
definition: a substance that propels something.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prəˈpɛl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prəˈpɛl(ə)nt
origin:
mid 17th century: originally from Latin propellent- ‘driving ahead (of oneself)’, from the verb propellere, later from propel.


word: PROPELLER
russian_word: пропеллер
synonyms: screw|airscrew|rotor|vane|propulsor|prop
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpɛlə
phonetics_text: prəˈpɛlə
definition:
a mechanical device for propelling a boat or aircraft, consisting of a revolving shaft with two or more broad, angled blades attached to it.


word: PROPENSITY
russian_word: склонность
example: his propensity for violence
definition: an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpɛnsɪti
phonetics_text: prəˈpɛnsɪti
synonyms:
tendency|inclination|predisposition|proneness|proclivity|readiness|susceptibility|liability|disposition|aptness|penchant|leaning|predilection|bent|habit|weakness

origin:
late 16th century: from archaic propense (from Latin propensus ‘inclined’, past participle of propendere, from pro- ‘forward, down’ + pendere ‘hang’) + -ity.


word: PROPER
russian_word: надлежащий
antonyms: inappropriate|wrong
synonyms: real|genuine|actual|true|bona fide|kosher
origin: Middle English: from Old French propre, from Latin proprius ‘one's own, special’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: ˈprɒpə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒpə
example:
she's never had a proper job|an artist needs the proper tools|the two elephant types proper to Africa and to southern Asia|he is a proper youth!

definition:
denoting something that is truly what it is said or regarded to be; genuine.|of the required or correct type or form; suitable or appropriate.|belonging or relating exclusively or distinctively to; particular to.|in the natural colours.|(of a person) good-looking.|denoting a subset or subgroup that does not constitute the entire set or group, especially one that has more than one element.


word: PROPERLY
russian_word: правильно
definition: correctly or satisfactorily.|in the strict sense; exactly.|thoroughly; completely.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈprɒp(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˈprɒp(ə)li
example:
ensuring the work is carried out properly|algebra is, properly speaking, the analysis of equations|on the first day she felt properly well, Millie sat out on the front steps


word: PROPERTY
russian_word: имущество
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒpəti
phonetics_text: ˈprɒpəti
example:
she wanted Oliver and his property out of her flat|the property of heat to expand metal at uniform rates

definition:
a thing or things belonging to someone; possessions collectively.|an attribute, quality, or characteristic of something.

synonyms:
possessions|belongings|things|goods|worldly goods|effects|personal effects|stuff|chattels|movables|resources|assets|valuables|fortune|capital|riches|wealth|holdings|securities|patrimony|personalty|goods and chattels|gear|trek

origin:
Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French propriete, from Latin proprietas, from proprius ‘one's own, particular’ (see proper).


word: PROPHAGE
russian_word: профаг
origin: 1950s: from pro-2 ‘before’ + phage.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊfeɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊfeɪdʒ
definition:
the genetic material of a bacteriophage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and able to produce phages if specifically activated.


word: PROPHASE
russian_word: профаза
origin: late 19th century: from pro-2 ‘before’ + phase.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊfeɪz
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊfeɪz
definition:
the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.


word: PROPHECY
russian_word: пророчество
example: a bleak prophecy of war and ruin
definition: a prediction of what will happen in the future.
synonyms: prediction|forecast|prognostication|prognosis|divination|augury|prognostic
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪsi
origin:
Middle English: from Old French profecie, via late Latin from Greek prophēteia, from prophētēs (see prophet).


word: PROPHESY
russian_word: пророчить
example: Jacques was prophesying a bumper harvest
definition: say that (a specified thing) will happen in the future.
origin: Middle English: from Old French profecier, from profecie (see prophecy).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪsʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪsʌɪ
synonyms:
predict|foretell|forecast|foresee|forewarn of|prognosticate|divine|augur|presage|previse|foreshow|croak|spae|vaticinate|auspicate


word: PROPHET
russian_word: пророк
example: the Old Testament prophet, Jeremiah
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒfɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒfɪt
definition:
a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.|(in Christian use) the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the twelve minor prophets.

synonyms:
seer|soothsayer|forecaster of the future|fortune teller|clairvoyant|prognosticator|prophesier|diviner|prophetess|oracle|augur|sibyl|spaewife|spaeman|haruspex|vaticinator|oracler

origin:
Middle English: from Old French prophete, via Latin from Greek prophētēs ‘spokesman’, from pro ‘before’ + phētēs ‘speaker’ (from phēnai ‘speak’).


word: PROPHETIC
russian_word: пророческий
example: his warnings proved prophetic|the prophetic books of the Old Testament
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈfɛtɪk
phonetics_text: prəˈfɛtɪk
definition:
accurately predicting what will happen in the future.|relating to or characteristic of a prophet or prophecy.

synonyms:
prescient|predictive|prophetical|far-seeing|prognostic|divinatory|oracular|sibylline|apocalyptic|fateful|revelatory|inspired|vatic|mantic|vaticinal|vaticinatory|prognosticative|augural|adumbrative|fatidic|fatidical

origin:
late 15th century: from French prophétique or late Latin propheticus, from Greek prophētikos ‘predicting’ (see prophet).


word: PROPHYLACTIC
russian_word: профилактический
example: prophylactic measures
definition: intended to prevent disease.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌprɒfɪˈlaktɪk
phonetics_text: ˌprɒfɪˈlaktɪk
synonyms:
preventive|preventative|precautionary|protective|disease-preventing|pre-emptive|counteractive|preclusive|anticipatory|inhibitory|deterrent

origin:
late 16th century: from French prophylactique, from Greek prophulaktikos, from pro ‘before’ + phulassein ‘to guard’.


word: PROPINQUITY
russian_word: близость
example: he kept his distance as though afraid propinquity might lead him into temptation
definition: the state of being close to someone or something; proximity.|close kinship.
synonyms: proximity|closeness|nearness|adjacency|contiguity|contiguousness|vicinity|vicinage
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpɪŋkwɪti
phonetics_text: prəˈpɪŋkwɪti
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French propinquité, from Latin propinquitas, from propinquus ‘near’, from prope ‘near to’.


word: PROPITIATE
russian_word: умилостивить
example: the pagans thought it was important to propitiate the gods with sacrifices
definition: win or regain the favour of (a god, spirit, or person) by doing something that pleases them.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈpɪʃɪeɪt
phonetics_text: prəˈpɪʃɪeɪt
synonyms:
appease|placate|mollify|pacify|make peace with|conciliate|make amends to|soothe|calm|humour|win over|satisfy|pour oil on troubled waters|square someone off

origin:
late Middle English (as propitiation ): from Latin propitiat- ‘made favourable’, from the verb propitiare, from propitius ‘favourable, gracious’ (see propitious).


word: PROPITIOUS
russian_word: благоприятный
example: the timing for such a meeting seemed propitious
definition: giving or indicating a good chance of success; favourable.
antonyms: inauspicious|unfortunate
origin: late Middle English: from Old French propicieus or Latin propitius ‘favourable, gracious’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈpɪʃəs
phonetics_text: prəˈpɪʃəs
synonyms:
favourable|auspicious|promising|providential|advantageous|fortunate|lucky|optimistic|bright|happy|rosy|full of promise|heaven-sent|hopeful|beneficial|opportune|suitable|apt|fitting|timely|well timed


word: PROPOLIS
russian_word: прополис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒp(ə)lɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprɒp(ə)lɪs
definition:
a red or brown resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, used by them to fill crevices and to fix and varnish honeycombs.

origin:
early 17th century: via Latin from Greek propolis ‘suburb’, also ‘bee glue’, from pro ‘before’ + polis ‘city’.


word: PROPONENT
russian_word: сторонник
example: a strong proponent of the free market and liberal trade policies
definition: a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action.
origin: late 16th century: from Latin proponent- ‘putting forth’, from the verb proponere (see propound).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpəʊnənt
phonetics_text: prəˈpəʊnənt
synonyms:
advocate|supporter|upholder|exponent|promoter|adherent|endorser|champion|defender|backer|subscriber|patron|espouser|friend|apostle|apologist|pleader|proposer|propounder|spokesperson|spokesman|spokeswoman|enthusiast|propagandist


word: PROPORTION
russian_word: доля
example: the proportion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rising
definition: a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
part|portion|amount|quantity|bit|piece|percentage|section|segment|share|quota|division|fraction|measure

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin proportio(n- ), from pro portione ‘in respect of (its or a person's) share’.


word: PROPORTIONAL
russian_word: пропорциональный
example: the punishment should be proportional to the crime
definition: corresponding in size or amount to something else.
antonyms: disproportionate
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin proportionalis, from proportio(n- ) (see proportion).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n(ə)l
synonyms:
corresponding|proportionate|comparable|in proportion|pro rata|commensurate|equivalent|consistent|relative|correlated|correlative|analogous|analogical|commensurable


word: PROPOSAL
russian_word: предложение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpəʊz(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəˈpəʊz(ə)l
example:
a set of proposals for a major new high-speed rail link|surely a woman as beautiful as you has had proposals?

definition:
a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration by others.|an offer of marriage.

synonyms:
scheme|plan|project|programme|manifesto|motion|bid|proposition|presentation|submission|approach|suggestion|overture|draft|recommendation|tender|terms|proffer


word: PROPOSE
russian_word: предлагать
example: he proposed a new nine-point peace plan|I have already proposed to Sarah
antonyms: withdraw
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈpəʊz
phonetics_text: prəˈpəʊz
definition:
put forward (a plan or suggestion) for consideration by others.|make an offer of marriage to someone.

synonyms:
put forward|suggest|advance|offer|present|move|submit|prefer|file|lodge|initiate|bring|bring forward|come up with|tender|bid|project|recommend|advocate|propound|proffer|posit|table

origin:
Middle English: from Old French proposer, from Latin proponere (see proponent), but influenced by Latin propositus ‘put or set forth’ and Old French poser ‘to place’.


word: PROPOSITION
russian_word: предложение
synonyms: theory|hypothesis|thesis|argument|premise|postulation|theorem|concept|idea|statement
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prɒpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɒpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the proposition that high taxation is undesirable|a detailed investment proposition|setting up your own business can seem an attractive proposition

definition:
a statement or assertion that expresses a judgement or opinion.|a suggested scheme or plan of action, especially in a business context.|a project, task, idea, etc. considered in terms of its likely success or difficulty.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin propositio(n- ), from the verb proponere (see propound).


word: PROPOUND
russian_word: выдвигать
example: he began to propound the idea of a ‘social monarchy’ as an alternative to Franco
definition: put forward (an idea or theory) for consideration by others.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈpaʊnd
phonetics_text: prəˈpaʊnd
synonyms:
put forward|advance|offer|present|set forth|submit|tender|suggest|come up with|broach|moot|bring up|mention|introduce|postulate|propose|pose|discuss|hypothesize|peddle|spread|promote|advocate|proffer|posit

origin:
mid 16th century: alteration of archaic propone, from Latin proponere ‘set forth’, from pro- ‘forward’ + ponere ‘put’. The addition of the final -d can be compared with that in expound and compound .


word: PROPRANOLOL
russian_word: пропранолол
origin: 1960s: from pro(pyl) + pr(op)anol, with the reduplication of -ol .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈpranəlɒl
phonetics_text: prəʊˈpranəlɒl
definition:
a synthetic compound which acts as a beta blocker and is used mainly in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia.


word: PROPRIETARY
russian_word: проприетарный
example: the company has a proprietary right to the property|proprietary brands of insecticide
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈprʌɪət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: prəˈprʌɪət(ə)ri
definition:
relating to an owner or ownership.|(of a product) marketed under and protected by a registered trade name.

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting a member of a religious order who held property): from late Latin proprietarius ‘proprietor’, from proprietas (see property).


word: PROPRIETOR
russian_word: собственник
example: Chinese restaurant proprietors
definition: the owner of a business, or a holder of property.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈprʌɪətə
phonetics_text: prəˈprʌɪətə
synonyms:
owner|possessor|holder|keeper|freeholder|landowner|squire|landlord|landlady|master|mistress|proprietress|innkeeper|hotelkeeper|hotelier|licensee|patron|shopkeeper|title-holder|deed-holder|proprietrix


word: PROPRIETY
russian_word: уместность
example: he always behaved with the utmost propriety
definition: conformity to conventionally accepted standards of behaviour or morals.
antonyms: impropriety|indecorum
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈprʌɪəti
phonetics_text: prəˈprʌɪəti
synonyms:
decorum|respectability|decency|correctness|appropriateness|good manners|courtesy|politeness|rectitude|civility|modesty|demureness|sobriety|refinement|decorousness|seemliness|becomingness|discretion|gentility|etiquette|breeding|conventionality|orthodoxy|formality|protocol|probity|couth|tenue|social conventions|social grace(s)|social niceties|one's Ps and Qs|standards|civilities|ceremony|formalities|rules of conduct|accepted behaviour|conventionalities|good form|the done thing|the thing to do|punctilio|attention to detail|convenance(s)

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘peculiarity, essential quality’): from Old French propriete, from Latin proprietas (see property).


word: PROPRIOCEPTIVE
russian_word: проприоцептивная
origin: early 20th century: from Latin proprius ‘own’ + receptive.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌprəʊprɪə(ʊ)ˈsɛptɪv
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊprɪə(ʊ)ˈsɛptɪv
definition:
relating to stimuli that are produced and perceived within an organism, especially those connected with the position and movement of the body.


word: PROPULSION
russian_word: силовая установка
example: they dive and use their wings for propulsion under water
definition: the action of driving or pushing forwards.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpʌlʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈpʌlʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
thrust|motive force|propelling force|impelling force|impetus|impulse|drive|driving force|actuation|push|surge|pressure|momentum|power

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘expulsion’): from medieval Latin propulsio(n-), from Latin propellere ‘drive before (oneself)’.


word: PROPULSOR
russian_word: движитель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈpʌlsə
phonetics_text: prəˈpʌlsə
definition:
a ducted propeller which can be swivelled to give forward, upward, or downward flight to an airship.


word: PROPYLAEUM
russian_word: пропилеи
definition: the structure forming the entrance to a temple.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒpɪˈliːəm
phonetics_text: ˌprɒpɪˈliːəm
origin:
via Latin from Greek propulaion, neuter (used as a noun) of propulaios ‘before the gate’, from pro ‘before’ + pulē ‘gate’.


word: PROROGATION
russian_word: пророгация
example: politically motivated prorogations
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊrəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəʊrəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of discontinuing a session of a parliament or other legislative assembly without dissolving it.


word: PROROGUE
russian_word: отсрочить
example: James prorogued this Parliament, never to call another one
definition: discontinue a session of (a parliament or other legislative assembly) without dissolving it.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈrəʊɡ
phonetics_text: prəˈrəʊɡ
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French proroger, from Latin prorogare ‘prolong, extend’, from pro- ‘in front of, publicly’ + rogare ‘ask’.


word: PROSAIC
russian_word: прозаический
example: prosaic language can't convey the experience
antonyms: imaginative|inspired
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈzeɪɪk
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈzeɪɪk
definition:
having or using the style or diction of prose as opposed to poetry; lacking imaginativeness or originality.

synonyms:
unimaginative|uninspired|matter-of-fact|dull|dry|humdrum|mundane|pedestrian|heavy|plodding|lifeless|dead|spiritless|lacklustre|undistinguished|stale|jejune|bland|insipid|vapid|vacuous|banal|hackneyed|trite|literal|factual|unpoetic|unemotional|unsentimental|clear|plain|unadorned|unembellished|unvarnished|monotonous|deadpan|flat

origin:
late 16th century (as a noun denoting a prose writer): from late Latin prosaicus, from Latin prosa ‘straightforward (discourse)’ (see prose). Current senses of the adjective date from the mid 18th century.


word: PROSAIST
russian_word: прозаик
definition: a person who writes in prose.|a prosaic person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊzeɪɪst
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊzeɪɪst
origin:
early 19th century: from French prosaïste, from Latin prosa ‘straightforward (discourse)’ (see prose).


word: PROSCRIBE
russian_word: запрещать
example: strikes remained proscribed in the armed forces
definition: forbid, especially by law.
antonyms: allow|permit
synonyms: forbid|prohibit|ban|bar|disallow|rule out|embargo|veto|make illegal|interdict|outlaw|taboo
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈskrʌɪb
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈskrʌɪb
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘to outlaw’): from Latin proscribere, from pro- ‘in front of’ + scribere ‘write’.


word: PROSCRIPTION
russian_word: запрет
example: the proscription of the party after the 1715 Rebellion
definition: the action of forbidding something; banning.
antonyms: allowing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
prohibition|prohibiting|forbidding|banning|ban|barring|bar|disallowing|ruling out|embargo|embargoing|vetoing|veto|making illegal|interdicting|interdict|outlawing|tabooing|condemnation|denunciation|attack|criticism|censure|denigration|damning|rejection


word: PROSE
russian_word: проза
example: a short story in prose
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prəʊz
phonetics_text: prəʊz
definition:
written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.|another term for sequence (sense 4 of the noun).

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin prosa (oratio) ‘straightforward (discourse’), feminine of prosus, earlier prorsus ‘direct’.


word: PROSECTOR
russian_word: прозектор
definition: a person who dissects dead bodies for examination or anatomical demonstration.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prə(ʊ)ˈsɛktə
phonetics_text: prə(ʊ)ˈsɛktə
origin:
mid 19th century: from late Latin, literally ‘anatomist’, based on Latin secare ‘to cut’, perhaps via French prosecteur .


word: PROSECUTE
russian_word: преследовать в судебном порядке
example: they were prosecuted for obstructing the highway
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɒsɪkjuːt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒsɪkjuːt
definition:
institute or conduct legal proceedings against (a person or organization).|continue with (a course of action) with a view to its completion.

origin:
late Middle English (in prosecute (sense 2)): from Latin prosecut- ‘pursued, accompanied’, from the verb prosequi, from pro- ‘onward’ + sequi ‘follow’.


word: PROSECUTION
russian_word: обвинение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒsɪˈkjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɒsɪˈkjuːʃ(ə)n
example:
the organizers are facing prosecution for noise nuisance|the BBC's prosecution of its commercial ends

definition:
the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.|the continuation of a course of action with a view to its completion.

origin:
mid 16th century (in prosecution (sense 2)): from Old French, or from late Latin prosecutio(n- ), from prosequi ‘pursue, accompany’ (see prosecute).


word: PROSECUTORIAL
russian_word: прокуратуры
example: charges of prosecutorial misconduct
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌprɒsɪkjuːˈtɔːrɪəl
phonetics_text: ˌprɒsɪkjuːˈtɔːrɪəl
definition:
relating to the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.


word: PROSELYTE
russian_word: прозелит
definition: a person who has converted from one opinion, religion, or party to another.
synonyms: convert|new believer|catechumen|recruit|neophyte|newcomer|initiate|tyro|novice
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɒsɪlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒsɪlʌɪt
origin:
late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek prosēluthos ‘stranger, convert’, from prosēluth-, past stem of proserkhesthai ‘approach’.


word: PROSELYTIZE
russian_word: обращать в свою веру
example: the programme did have a tremendous evangelical effect, proselytizing many
definition: convert or attempt to convert (someone) from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈprɒsɪlɪtʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈprɒsɪlɪtʌɪz
synonyms:
evangelize|convert|seek/make converts|bring to God/Christ|bring into the fold|spread the gospel/word (to)|propagandize|preach (to)|win over|recruit|brainwash


word: PROSENCHYMA
russian_word: прозенхима
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek pros ‘towards’ + enkhuma ‘infusion’, on the pattern of parenchyma .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒˈsɛŋkɪmə
phonetics_text: prɒˈsɛŋkɪmə
definition:
a plant tissue consisting of elongated cells with interpenetrating tapering ends, occurring especially in vascular tissue.


word: PROSODY
russian_word: просодия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒsədi
phonetics_text: ˈprɒsədi
example:
the translator is not obliged to reproduce the prosody of the original|the salience of prosody in child language acquisition

definition:
the patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry.|the patterns of stress and intonation in a language.

origin:
late 15th century: from Latin prosodia ‘accent of a syllable’, from Greek prosōidia ‘song sung to music, tone of a syllable’, from pros ‘towards’ + ōidē ‘song’.


word: PROSOPOGRAPHY
russian_word: просопографии
example: Genet's prosopography of the members of the University of Paris in the Middle Ages
origin: 1920s: from modern Latin prosopographia, from Greek prosōpon ‘face, person’ + -graphia ‘writing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒsə(ʊ)ˈpɒɡrəfi
phonetics_text: ˌprɒsə(ʊ)ˈpɒɡrəfi
definition:
a description of a person's appearance, personality, career, etc., or a collection of such descriptions.


word: PROSOPOPOEIA
russian_word: олицетворение
origin: mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek prosōpopoiia, from prosōpon ‘person’ + poiein ‘to make’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒsəpəˈpiːə
phonetics_text: ˌprɒsəpəˈpiːə
definition:
a figure of speech in which an abstract thing is personified.|a figure of speech in which an imagined, absent, or dead person or thing is represented as speaking.


word: PROSPECT
russian_word: перспектива
part_of_speech: noun|verb
example:
there was no prospect of a reconciliation|Norwich's unbeaten heavyweight prospect|a viewpoint commanding a magnificent prospect of the estuary

definition:
the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.|a person regarded as likely to succeed or as a potential customer, client, etc.|an extensive view of landscape.

synonyms:
likelihood|hope|expectation|anticipation|(good/poor) chance|chances|odds|probability|possibility|likeliness|promise|lookout|dream|fear|danger|hazard|coming soon|on the way|in the pipeline|likely to happen|to come|coming up|at hand|close/near at hand|near|imminent|in the offing|in view|in store|on the horizon|in the wings|just around the corner|in the air|in the wind|brewing|upcoming|forthcoming|impending|approaching|on the cards

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting the action of looking towards a distant object): from Latin prospectus ‘view’, from prospicere ‘look forward’, from pro- ‘forward’ + specere ‘to look’. Early use, referring to a view of landscape, gave rise to the meaning ‘mental picture’ (mid 16th century), whence ‘anticipated event’.


word: PROSPECTIVE
russian_word: предполагаемый
example: she showed a prospective buyer around the house
definition: expected or expecting to be the specified thing in the future.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈspɛktɪv
phonetics_text: prəˈspɛktɪv
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘looking forward, having foresight’): from obsolete French prospectif, -ive or late Latin prospectivus, from Latin prospectus ‘view’ (see prospect).


word: PROSPECTOR
russian_word: старатель
definition: a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially by drilling and excavation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈspɛktə
phonetics_text: prəˈspɛktə
example:
for modern-day prospectors, panning for gold is a chance to experience the thrill of finding buried treasure


word: PROSPECTUS
russian_word: проспект
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈspɛktəs
phonetics_text: prəˈspɛktəs
definition:
a printed booklet advertising a school or university to potential parents or students or giving details of a share offer for the benefit of investors.

synonyms:
brochure|description|announcement|advertisement|syllabus|curriculum|catalogue|programme|list|scheme|particulars|schedule|outline|synopsis|pamphlet|literature

origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin, literally ‘view, prospect’, from the verb prospicere, from pro- ‘forward’ + specere ‘to look’.


word: PROSPERITY
russian_word: процветание
example: a long period of peace and prosperity
definition: the state of being prosperous.
antonyms: hardship|failure
origin: Middle English: from Old French prosperite, from Latin prosperitas, from prosperus ‘doing well’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒˈspɛrɪti
phonetics_text: prɒˈspɛrɪti
synonyms:
wealth|success|profitability|affluence|riches|opulence|the good life|(good) fortune|ease|plenty|welfare|comfort|security|well-being|luxury|life of luxury|milk and honey|a bed of roses|prosperousness|successfulness|speed|Godspeed


word: PROSTACYCLIN
russian_word: простациклин
origin: 1970s: from prostaglandin + cyclic + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒstəˈsʌɪklɪn
phonetics_text: ˌprɒstəˈsʌɪklɪn
definition:
a compound of the prostaglandin type produced in arterial walls, which functions as an anticoagulant and vasodilator.


word: PROSTAGLANDIN
russian_word: простагландин
origin: 1930s: from prostate + gland1 + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒstəˈɡlandɪn
phonetics_text: ˌprɒstəˈɡlandɪn
definition:
any of a group of compounds with varying hormone-like effects, notably the promotion of uterine contractions. They are cyclic fatty acids.


word: PROSTATE
russian_word: простата
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒsteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒsteɪt
definition:
a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing a fluid component of semen.

origin:
mid 17th century: via French from modern Latin prostata, from Greek prostatēs ‘one that stands before’, from pro ‘before’ + statos ‘standing’.


word: PROSTHESIS
russian_word: протез
example: his upper jaw was removed and a prosthesis was fitted
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒsˈθiːsɪs
phonetics_text: prɒsˈθiːsɪs|ˈprɒsθɪˌsɪs
definition:
an artificial body part, such as a limb, a heart, or a breast implant.|the addition of a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word, as in Spanish escuela derived from Latin scola.

origin:
mid 16th century (in prosthesis (sense 2)): via late Latin from Greek prosthesis, from prostithenai, from pros ‘in addition’ + tithenai ‘to place’.


word: PROSTHETIC
russian_word: протезный
example: she has learnt to walk again using prosthetic legs
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prɒsˈθɛtɪk
phonetics_text: prɒsˈθɛtɪk
definition:
denoting an artificial body part, such as a limb, a heart, or a breast implant.|denoting a letter or syllable added at the beginning of a word, as in Spanish escuela derived from Latin scola.

origin:
mid 18th century (in prosthetic (sense 2 of the adjective)): via late Latin prostheticus from Greek prosthesis : see prosthesis, -ic.


word: PROSTHODONTICS
russian_word: протезирование
origin: 1940s: from prosthesis, on the pattern of orthodontics .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒsθəˈdɒntɪks
phonetics_text: ˌprɒsθəˈdɒntɪks
definition:
the branch of dentistry concerned with the design, manufacture, and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth.


word: PROSTITUTE
russian_word: проститутка
definition: a person, in particular a woman, who engages in sexual activity for payment.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprɒstɪtjuːt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒstɪtjuːt
synonyms:
sex worker|call girl|courtesan|male prostitute|rent boy|call boy|gigolo|model|escort|masseuse|grande horizontale|fille de joie|pro|working girl|tom|woman on the game|renter|hooker|hustler|ho|puta|tart|streetwalker|woman of the streets|lady of the night|scarlet woman|chippy|moll|cocotte|strumpet|harlot|trollop|wanton|woman of ill repute|lady of pleasure|Cyprian|doxy|drab|quean|trull|wench|whore

origin:
mid 16th century (as a verb): from Latin prostitut- ‘exposed publicly, offered for sale’, from the verb prostituere, from pro- ‘before’ + statuere ‘set up, place’.


word: PROSTITUTION
russian_word: проституция
example: they were held captive and forced into prostitution
definition: the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒstɪˈtʃuːʃn
phonetics_text: ˌprɒstɪˈtʃuːʃn|ˌprɒstɪˈtjuːʃn
synonyms:
sex work|the sex industry|streetwalking|the oldest profession|the game|the trade|rough trade|hooking|hustling|the life|whoredom|white slavery|Mrs Warren's profession|courtesanship|harlotry|Magdalenism|the social evil|whoring


word: PROSTRATE
russian_word: падать ниц
definition: lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downwards.|growing along the ground.
antonyms: upright
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
example:
there was a man praying before an idol, lying prostrate|mats of prostrate herbs can be used to break up expanses of soil

synonyms:
prone|lying flat|lying down|flat|stretched out|spreadeagled|sprawling|horizontal|recumbent|on one's front|procumbent

phonetic:
Middle English: from Latin prostratus ‘thrown down’, past participle of prosternere, from pro- ‘before’ + sternere ‘lay flat’.


word: PROSTRATION
russian_word: прострация
definition: the action of lying stretched out on the ground.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prɒˈstreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
collapse|weakness|debility|lassitude|exhaustion|fatigue|tiredness|enervation|emotional exhaustion|paralysis|desolation|despair|despondency|dejection|depression|helplessness


word: PROSTYLE
russian_word: простиль
definition: a portico with a maximum of four columns.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊstʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊstʌɪl
origin:
late 17th century: from Latin prostylos ‘(building) having pillars in front’, from Greek pro ‘before’ + stulos ‘column’.


word: PROSUMER
russian_word: полупрофессиональных
example: the prosumer market
origin: 1980s: from professional or producer + consumer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈsuːmə
phonetics_text: prəʊˈsuːmə
definition:
a person who buys electronic goods that are of a standard between those aimed at consumers and professionals.|a consumer who becomes involved with designing or customizing products for their own needs.


word: PROTACTINIUM
russian_word: протактиний
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtakˈtɪnɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtakˈtɪnɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 91, a radioactive metal of the actinide series, occurring in small amounts as a product of the natural decay of uranium.

origin:
early 20th century: from proto- ‘original, earlier’ + actinium, so named because one of its isotopes decays to form actinium.


word: PROTAGONIST
russian_word: главный герой
antonyms: opponent
origin: late 17th century: from Greek prōtagōnistēs, from prōtos ‘first in importance’ + agōnistēs ‘actor’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtaɡ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: prəˈtaɡ(ə)nɪst
example:
the novel's main protagonist is an American intelligence officer|he's a strenuous protagonist of the new agricultural policy

definition:
the leading character or one of the major characters in a play, film, novel, etc.|an advocate or champion of a particular cause or idea.

synonyms:
supporter|upholder|adherent|backer|proponent|advocate|promoter|champion|exponent|standard-bearer|torchbearer|flagbearer|prime mover|moving spirit|mainstay


word: PROTANOPIA
russian_word: Протанопия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtəˈnəʊpɪə
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtəˈnəʊpɪə
definition:
colour blindness resulting from insensitivity to red light, causing confusion of greens, reds, and yellows. It is hereditary, and is the commonest form of colour blindness.

origin:
early 20th century: from proto- ‘original’ (red being regarded as the first component of colour vision) + an-1 ‘lacking’ + -opia.


word: PROTASIS
russian_word: протазис
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒtəsɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprɒtəsɪs
definition:
the clause expressing the condition in a conditional sentence (e.g. if you asked me in if you asked me I would agree ).

origin:
late 16th century: via Latin from Greek protasis ‘proposition’, from pro ‘before’ + teinein ‘to stretch’.


word: PROTEA
russian_word: протея
origin: modern Latin, from Proteus, with reference to the many species of the genus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtɪə
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtɪə
definition:
an evergreen shrub or small tree with large nectar-rich cone-like flower heads surrounded by brightly coloured bracts, chiefly native to South Africa.


word: PROTEAN
russian_word: многообразный
example: it is difficult to comprehend the whole of this protean subject
definition: tending or able to change frequently or easily.
antonyms: constant|consistent
origin: late 16th century: from Proteus + -an.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprəʊtɪən
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtɪən|prəʊˈtiːən
synonyms:
ever-changing|variable|changeable|mutable|kaleidoscopic|erratic|quicksilver|inconstant|inconsistent|unstable|unsteady|shifting|uneven|unsettled|fluctuating|chameleon-like|chameleonic|fluid|wavering|vacillating|mercurial|volatile|unpredictable|wayward|unreliable|undependable|peaky|labile|stayless|changeful


word: PROTECT
russian_word: защищать
example: he tried to protect Kelly from the attack
definition: keep safe from harm or injury.
antonyms: expose|neglect|attack|harm
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈtɛkt
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛkt
synonyms:
keep safe|keep from harm|save|safeguard|shield|preserve|defend|cushion|shelter|screen|secure|fortify|guard|mount/stand guard on|watch over|look after|take care of|care for|tend|keep|mind|afford protection to|harbour|house|hedge|inoculate|insulate

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin protect- ‘covered in front’, from the verb protegere, from pro- ‘in front’ + tegere ‘to cover’.


word: PROTECTION
russian_word: защита
example: the B vitamins give protection against infection
definition: the action of protecting, or the state of being protected.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
defence|shielding|shelter|preservation|conservation|safe keeping|safeguarding|safety|security|sanctuary|refuge|lee|immunity|insurance|indemnity|care|charge|keeping|protectorship|guidance|aegis|auspices|umbrella|guardianship|support|patronage|championship|providence

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin protectio(n- ), from protegere ‘cover in front’ (see protect).


word: PROTECTIONISM
russian_word: протекционизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)nɪzəm
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)nɪzəm
definition:
the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.


word: PROTECTIONIST
russian_word: протекционистский
example: barriers erected by the agricultural protectionists
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
an advocate of the policy of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.


word: PROTECTIVE
russian_word: защитный
example: protective gloves are worn to minimize injury
definition: intended to protect someone or something.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈtɛktɪv
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛktɪv
synonyms:
preservative|protecting|safeguarding|shielding|defensive|safety|precautionary|preventive|preventative|covering|waterproof|fireproof|heatproof|insulating|shatterproof|toughened|armoured


word: PROTECTOR
russian_word: защитник
example: a man who became her protector, adviser, and friend|the King's uncle became Protector
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtɛktə
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛktə
definition:
a person or thing that protects someone or something.|a regent in charge of a kingdom during the minority, absence, or incapacity of the sovereign.

synonyms:
defender|preserver|bodyguard|guardian|guard|champion|watchdog|ombudsman|knight in shining armour|guardian angel|patron|chaperone|escort|keeper|custodian|minder|hired gun|shield|pad|buffer|cushion|screen|protection


word: PROTECTORATE
russian_word: протекторат
example: Panama was juridically a protectorate of the United States
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtɛkt(ə)rət
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛkt(ə)rət
definition:
a state that is controlled and protected by another.|the position or period of office of a Protector, especially that in England of Oliver and Richard Cromwell.


word: PROTEIN
russian_word: белок
example: a protein found in wheat
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtiːn
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtiːn
definition:
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.

origin:
mid 19th century: from French protéine, German Protein, from Greek prōteios ‘primary’, from prōtos ‘first’.


word: PROTEINURIA
russian_word: протеинурия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtiːˈnjʊərɪə
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtiːˈnjʊərɪə
definition:
the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.


word: PROTEOGLYCAN
russian_word: протеогликан
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtɪəʊˈɡlʌɪkan
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtɪəʊˈɡlʌɪkan
definition:
a compound consisting of a protein bonded to mucopolysaccharide groups, present especially in connective tissue.


word: PROTEST
russian_word: протест
example: the British team lodged an official protest
antonyms: support|approval
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something.|a written declaration, typically by a notary public, that a bill has been presented and payment or acceptance refused.

synonyms:
objection|exception|complaint|disapproval|disagreement|opposition|challenge|dissent|demurral|remonstration|expostulation|fuss|outcry|railing|inveighing|fulmination|protestation

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘make a solemn declaration’): from Old French protester, from Latin protestari, from pro- ‘forth, publicly’ + testari ‘assert’ (from testis ‘witness’).


word: PROTESTANT
russian_word: протестант
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒtɪst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒtɪst(ə)nt
definition:
a member or follower of any of the Western Christian Churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church in accordance with the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran Churches.

origin:
mid 16th century: via German or French from Latin protestant- ‘protesting’, from Latin protestari (see protest).


word: PROTESTATION
russian_word: протест
example: her protestations of innocence were in vain|he was warned by the referee for his loud protestations
definition: an emphatic declaration in response to doubt or accusation.|an objection or protest.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒtɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprɒtɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
declaration|announcement|statement|profession|assertion|insistence|claim|affirmation|assurance|attestation|oath|vow|pledge|avowal|maintenance|asseveration

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin protestatio(n- ), from protestari ‘to protest’ (see protest).


word: PROTESTER
russian_word: протестующий
example: the decision was hailed by protesters against the closure as a triumph
definition: a person who publicly demonstrates opposition to something; a demonstrator.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtɛstə
phonetics_text: prəˈtɛstə
synonyms:
objector|opposer|opponent|complainer|dissenter|dissident|rejectionist|nonconformist|disruptor|dissentient|demonstrator|protest marcher|human chain|striker|mutineer|picket


word: PROTHALAMIUM
russian_word: эпиталама
definition: a song or poem celebrating a forthcoming wedding.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊθəˈleɪmɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊθəˈleɪmɪəm
origin:
late 16th century: from Prothalamion, the title of a poem by Spenser, on the pattern of epithalamium .


word: PROTHESIS
russian_word: протез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒθɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˈprɒθɪsɪs
definition:
(especially in the Orthodox Church) the action of placing the Eucharistic elements on the credence table.|another term for prosthesis (sense 2).

origin:
late 16th century (in prothesis (sense 2)): from Greek, ‘placing before or in public view’, from pro ‘before’ + thesis ‘placing’.


word: PROTOCOL
russian_word: протокол
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtəkɒl
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtəkɒl
example:
protocol forbids the prince from making any public statement in his defence|signatories to the Montreal Protocol|protocols of published cases frequently lack this vital information

definition:
the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions.|the original draft of a diplomatic document, especially of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties.|a formal or official record of scientific experimental observations.|a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

synonyms:
agreement|treaty|entente|concord|concordat|convention|deal|pact|contract|compact|settlement|arrangement|armistice|truce|engagement

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the original minute of an agreement, forming the legal authority for future dealings relating to it): from Old French prothocole, via medieval Latin from Greek prōtokollon ‘first page, flyleaf’, from prōtos ‘first’ + kolla ‘glue’. Sense 1 derives from French protocole, the collection of set forms of etiquette to be observed by the French head of state, and the name of the government department responsible for this (in the 19th century).


word: PROTOGYNOUS
russian_word: протогеничный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəʊˈtɒdʒɪnəs
phonetics_text: prəʊˈtɒdʒɪnəs
definition:
(of a hermaphrodite flower or animal) having the female reproductive organs come to maturity before the male.


word: PROTON
russian_word: протон
origin: 1920s: from Greek, neuter of prōtos ‘first’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtɒn
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtɒn
definition:
a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron.


word: PROTONOTARY
russian_word: протонотарий
definition: a chief clerk in some law courts, originally in the Byzantine court.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtəˈnəʊt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtəˈnəʊt(ə)ri|prəˈtɒnət(ə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: via medieval Latin from late Greek prōtonotarios, from prōtos ‘first’ + notarios ‘notary’.


word: PROTOPATHIC
russian_word: протопатический
origin: mid 19th century: from proto- ‘primitive’ + Greek pathos ‘suffering, feeling’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈpaθɪk
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈpaθɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting those sensory nerve fibres of the skin which are capable of discriminating only between relatively coarse stimuli, chiefly heat, cold, and pain.


word: PROTOPLANET
russian_word: протопланета
origin: 1940s: from proto- + planet.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtəʊˌplanɪt
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtəʊˌplanɪt
example:
this analysis supported the view that the moon originated from a glancing collision between the earth and another protoplanet 4,500 million years ago

definition:
a large body of matter in orbit around the sun or a star and thought to be developing into a planet.


word: PROTOPLASM
russian_word: протоплазма
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek prōtoplasma (see proto-, plasma).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)ˌplaz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)ˌplaz(ə)m
definition:
the colourless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles.


word: PROTOPLAST
russian_word: протопласт
definition: the protoplasm of a living plant or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)plast
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)plast|ˈprəʊtə(ʊ)plɑːst
origin:
late 19th century: from Greek prōtoplastos ‘first formed’, from prōtos ‘first’ + plassein ‘to mould’.


word: PROTOSTAR
russian_word: протозвезды
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprəʊtəʊstɑː
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtəʊstɑː
definition:
a contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun.


word: PROTOTYPE
russian_word: прототип
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈprəʊtətʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈprəʊtətʌɪp
example:
the firm is testing a prototype of the weapon|the construction of bandpass networks from low-pass prototypes

definition:
a first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed.|a basic filter network with specified cut-off frequencies, from which other networks may be derived to obtain sharper cut-offs, constancy of characteristic impedance with frequency, etc.

origin:
late 16th century (denoting the original of which something else is a copy or derivative): via French or late Latin from Greek prōtotupos (see proto-, type).


word: PROTOZOA
russian_word: протозоа
origin: modern Latin (plural), from proto- ‘first’ + Greek zōion ‘animal’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtəˈzəʊə
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtəˈzəʊə
definition:
a phylum or grouping of phyla which comprises the single-celled microscopic animals, which include amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans, and many other forms. They are now usually treated as a number of phyla belonging to the kingdom Protista.


word: PROTOZOAN
russian_word: простейшее
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈzəʊən
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈzəʊən
definition:
a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista, such as an amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan.


word: PROTOZOON
russian_word: простейшее
example: parasitic protozoa are among the most important pathogens worldwide
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn
definition:
a single-celled microscopic animal of a group of phyla of the kingdom Protista, such as an amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, or sporozoan; a protozoan.


word: PROTRACT
russian_word: затягивать
example: he had certainly taken his time, even protracting the process
definition: prolong.
antonyms: curtail|shorten
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈtrakt
phonetics_text: prəˈtrakt
synonyms:
prolong|extend|extend the duration of|stretch out|draw out|lengthen|make longer|elongate|drag out|spin out|string out|carry on|continue|keep up|keep something going|go on with|perpetuate|sustain|wire-draw

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘to waste time’): from Latin protract- ‘prolonged’, from the verb protrahere, from pro- ‘out’ + trahere ‘to draw’.


word: PROTRACTED
russian_word: затяжной
example: a protracted and bitter dispute
definition: lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈtraktɪd
phonetics_text: prəˈtraktɪd
synonyms:
prolonged|extended|stretched out|drawn out|long-drawn-out|lengthened|lengthy|long|overlong|dragged out|spun out|strung out|sustained|marathon|interminable|never-ending|endless|lingering|slow|time-consuming|long-winded|verbose|prolix|wordy|rambling


word: PROTRACTION
russian_word: затягивание
example: the protraction of the war
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtrakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈtrakʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of prolonging something or the state of being prolonged.|the action of extending a part of the body.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, or from late Latin protractio(n- ), from protrahere ‘prolong’ (see protract).


word: PROTRACTOR
russian_word: транспортир
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtraktə
phonetics_text: prəˈtraktə
definition:
an instrument for measuring angles, typically in the form of a flat semicircle marked with degrees along the curved edge.|a muscle serving to extend a part of the body.


word: PROTRUDE
russian_word: выступать
example: something like a fin protruded from the water
definition: extend beyond or above a surface.
antonyms: sunken|inconspicuous
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈtruːd
phonetics_text: prəˈtruːd
synonyms:
stick out|jut|jut out|poke out|project|stand out|come through|peek|poke|stick up|hang out|loom (out)|extend|obtrude|balloon|bulge (out)|swell (out)|pouch (out)|pooch (out)|protuberate|sticking out|jutting|jutting out|standing out|prominent|protuberant|proud|obtrusive|overhanging|projecting|bulging|bulbous|swollen|distended|goofy|protrusive|outjutting|excrescent|gibbous

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘thrust something forward or onward’): from Latin protrudere, from pro- ‘forward, out’ + trudere ‘to thrust’.


word: PROTRUSION
russian_word: выступ
example: a protrusion of rock jutted from the mountainside
definition: something that protrudes; a protuberance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtruːʒn
phonetics_text: prəˈtruːʒn
synonyms:
bump|lump|knob|hump|jut|projection|prominence|protuberance|overhang|eminence|ledge|shelf|ridge|swelling|bulge|excrescence|outgrowth|growth|carbuncle|process|tumescence|intumescence|tumefaction|sticking out|jutting|projecting|obtrusion|obtruding|bulging


word: PROTUBERANCE
russian_word: выступ
example: some dinosaurs evolved protuberances on top of their heads
definition: a thing that protrudes from something else.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈtjuːb(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: prəˈtjuːb(ə)r(ə)ns
synonyms:
bump|lump|knob|hump|jut|projection|prominence|protrusion|overhang|eminence|ledge|shelf|ridge|swelling|bulge|excrescence|outgrowth|growth|carbuncle|tumescence|intumescence|tumefaction


word: PROTUBERANT
russian_word: выпуклый
example: his protuberant eyes fluttered open
definition: protruding; bulging.
antonyms: sunken
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈtjuːb(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: prəˈtjuːb(ə)r(ə)nt
synonyms:
bulging|bulbous|popping|swelling|swollen|distended|sticking out|jutting|jutting out|protruding|projecting|prominent|proud|humped|obtrusive|goggle|protrusive|outjutting|excrescent|gibbous

origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin protuberant- ‘swelling out’, from the verb protuberare, from pro- ‘forward, out’ + tuber ‘bump’.


word: PROUD
russian_word: гордый
example: a proud grandma of three boys|he was a proud, arrogant man|balls standing proud of the fabric
antonyms: ashamed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: praʊd
phonetics_text: praʊd
definition:
feeling deep pleasure or satisfaction as a result of one's own achievements, qualities, or possessions or those of someone with whom one is closely associated.|having or showing a high or excessively high opinion of oneself or one's importance.|slightly projecting from a surface.

synonyms:
pleased (with)|glad (about/at)|happy (about/at/with)|delighted (about/at/with)|joyful (at)|overjoyed (at/over)|thrilled (at/about/by/with)|well pleased (with)|satisfied (with)|gratified (at)|content (at)|appreciative (of)

origin:
late Old English prūt, prūd  ‘having a high opinion of one's own worth’, from Old French prud ‘valiant’, based on Latin prodesse ‘be of value’. The phrase proud flesh dates back to late Middle English, but the sense ‘slightly projecting’ is first recorded in English dialect of the 19th century.


word: PROUDLY
russian_word: гордо
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpraʊdli
phonetics_text: ˈpraʊdli
example:
she proudly displayed her newest creations|pristine new office buildings stood proudly beside a large car park

definition:
with a feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction in one's own achievements, qualities, or possessions or those of someone with whom one is closely associated.|in an imposing manner; splendidly.


word: PROVE
russian_word: доказывать
antonyms: disprove
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pruːv
phonetics_text: pruːv
example:
the concept is difficult to prove|if they are proved guilty we won't trade with them|firearms proved for black powder should not be used with smokeless ammunition

definition:
demonstrate the truth or existence of (something) by evidence or argument.|demonstrate to be the specified thing by evidence or argument.|(of bread dough) become aerated by the action of yeast; rise.|subject (a gun) to a testing process.

synonyms:
demonstrate|show|show beyond doubt|show to be true|manifest|produce/submit proof|produce/submit evidence|establish evidence|evince|witness to|give substance to|determine|demonstrate the truth of|substantiate|corroborate|verify|ratify|validate|authenticate|attest|certify|document|bear out|confirm

origin:
Middle English: from Old French prover, from Latin probare ‘test, approve, demonstrate’, from probus ‘good’.


word: PROVENANCE
russian_word: происхождение
example: an orange rug of Iranian provenance
definition: the place of origin or earliest known history of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒv(ə)nəns
phonetics_text: ˈprɒv(ə)nəns
synonyms:
origin|source|place of origin|birthplace|spring|wellspring|fount|roots|history|pedigree|derivation|root|etymology|provenience|radix

origin:
late 18th century: from French, from the verb provenir ‘come or stem from’, from Latin provenire, from pro- ‘forth’ + venire ‘come’.


word: PROVENDER
russian_word: корм
example: to raise the prices of provender for cattle, importation has been severely curtailed
definition: animal fodder.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒvɪndə
phonetics_text: ˈprɒvɪndə
origin:
Middle English: from Old French provendre, based on an alteration of Latin praebenda ‘things to be supplied’ (see prebend).


word: PROVENTRICULUS
russian_word: железистого
definition: the narrow glandular first region of a bird's stomach between the crop and the gizzard.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprəʊvɛnˈtrɪkjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˌprəʊvɛnˈtrɪkjʊləs
origin:
mid 19th century: from pro-2 ‘before’ + Latin ventriculus ‘small belly’, diminutive of venter, ventr- ‘belly’.


word: PROVERB
russian_word: пословица
definition: a short, well-known pithy saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒvəːb
phonetics_text: ˈprɒvəːb
synonyms:
saying|adage|saw|maxim|axiom|motto|aphorism|epigram|gnome|dictum|precept|words of wisdom|catchphrase|slogan|byword|watchword|truism|platitude|cliché|bon mot|apophthegm

origin:
Middle English: from Old French proverbe, from Latin proverbium, from pro- ‘(put) forth’ + verbum ‘word’.


word: PROVIDE
russian_word: обеспечивать
antonyms: refuse|withhold
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈvʌɪd
phonetics_text: prəˈvʌɪd
example:
these clubs provide a much appreciated service for this area|new qualifications must provide for changes in technology|the order should be varied to provide that there would be no contact with the father

definition:
make available for use; supply.|make adequate preparation for (a possible event).|stipulate in a will or other legal document.|appoint an incumbent to (a benefice).

synonyms:
supply|give|issue|furnish|lay out|come up with|dispense|bestow|impart|produce|yield|bring forth|bear|deliver|donate|contribute|pledge|advance|spare|part with|allocate|distribute|allot|assign|put forward|put up|proffer|present|extend|render|fork out|ante up|pony up

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘prepare to do, get ready’): from Latin providere ‘foresee, attend to’, from pro- ‘before’ + videre ‘to see’.


word: PROVIDED
russian_word: при условии
example: cutting corners was acceptable, provided that you could get away with it
definition: on the condition or understanding that.
part_of_speech: conjunction
phonetic: prəˈvʌɪdɪd
phonetics_text: prəˈvʌɪdɪd
synonyms:
if|on condition that|providing (that)|provided that|presuming (that)|assuming (that)|on the assumption that|as long as|given (that)|with/on the understanding that|if and only if|contingent on|in the event that|allowing that


word: PROVIDENCE
russian_word: провидение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒvɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈprɒvɪd(ə)ns
example:
they found their trust in divine providence to be a source of comfort|it was considered a duty to encourage providence

definition:
the protective care of God or of nature as a spiritual power.|timely preparation for future eventualities.

synonyms:
fate|destiny|nemesis|kismet|God's will|divine intervention|predestination|predetermination|astral influence|the stars|fortune|fortuity|serendipity|chance|luck|accident|circumstances|coincidence|one's lot (in life)|one's portion

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin providentia, from providere ‘foresee, attend to’ (see provide).


word: PROVIDENT
russian_word: предусмотрительный
example: she had learned to be provident
definition: making or indicative of timely preparation for the future.
antonyms: improvident
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒvɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈprɒvɪd(ə)nt
synonyms:
prudent|far-sighted|judicious|shrewd|circumspect|forearmed|wise|sagacious|sensible|commonsensical|politic|cautious|careful|thrifty|forehanded|forethoughtful

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin provident- ‘foreseeing, attending to’, from the verb providere (see provide).


word: PROVIDENTIAL
russian_word: провиденциальный
definition: occurring at a favourable time; opportune.|involving divine foresight or providence.
antonyms: inopportune
origin: mid 17th century: from providence, on the pattern of evidential .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prɒvɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: prɒvɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l
example:
his appearance had seemed more than just providential|they took it for granted that the order of the world reflects a designing providential hand

synonyms:
opportune|advantageous|favourable|auspicious|propitious|heaven-sent|welcome|golden|good|right|lucky|happy|fortunate|benign|felicitous|timely|well timed|ripe|convenient|expedient|seasonable


word: PROVIDING
russian_word: обеспечение
example: we have the team which can win the league, providing we avoid bad injuries
definition: on the condition or understanding that.
part_of_speech: conjunction
phonetic: prəˈvʌɪdɪŋ
phonetics_text: prəˈvʌɪdɪŋ
synonyms:
if|on condition that|provided (that)|providing that|presuming (that)|assuming (that)|on the assumption that|as long as|given (that)|with/on the understanding that|if and only if|contingent on|in the event that|allowing that


word: PROVINCE
russian_word: провинция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒvɪns
phonetics_text: ˈprɒvɪns
example:
Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province|I made my way home to the dreary provinces by train|she knew little about wine—that had been her father's province

definition:
a principal administrative division of a country or empire.|the whole of a country outside the capital, especially when regarded as lacking in sophistication or culture.|an area of special knowledge, interest, or responsibility.

synonyms:
territory|region|state|department|canton|area|district|sector|zone|division|colony|settlement|dominion|fief|protectorate|mandate|dependency|possession|holding|satellite state

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin provincia ‘charge, province’, of uncertain ultimate origin.


word: PROVINCIAL
russian_word: провинциальный
example: provincial towns
antonyms: national|metropolitan|cosmopolitan
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈvɪnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəˈvɪnʃ(ə)l
definition:
of or concerning a province of a country or empire.|of or concerning the regions outside the capital city of a country, especially when regarded as unsophisticated or narrow-minded.

synonyms:
non-metropolitan|small-town|non-urban|outlying|rural|country|rustic|backwoods|backwater|one-horse|hick|freshwater

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin provincialis ‘belonging to a province’ (see province).


word: PROVINCIALISM
russian_word: провинциализм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈvɪnʃ(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: prəˈvɪnʃ(ə)lɪz(ə)m
example:
book-loving Belle was burning to escape the provincialism of her village|the President warned that focusing on relations with close neighbours would lead to political provincialism|if an idiom is a provincialism, it is likely to be found in a dialect dictionary|the lack of provincialism in Silurian fauna

definition:
the way of life characteristic of the regions outside the capital city of a country, especially when regarded as unsophisticated or narrow-minded.|concern for one's own area or region at the expense of national or supranational unity.|a word or phrase peculiar to a local area.|the degree to which plant or animal communities are restricted to particular areas.


word: PROVIRUS
russian_word: провирус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəʊˈvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: prəʊˈvʌɪrəs
definition:
the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into, and able to replicate with, the genome of a host cell.


word: PROVISION
russian_word: предоставление
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n
example:
new contracts for the provision of services|changing levels of transport provision|the first private prosecution under the provisions of the 1989 Water Act

definition:
the action of providing or supplying something for use.|an amount or thing supplied or provided.|a condition or requirement in a legal document.|an appointment to a benefice, especially directly by the Pope rather than by the patron, and originally before it became vacant.

synonyms:
supplying|supply|providing|purveying|delivery|furnishing|equipping|giving|donation|allocation|distribution|presentation

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘foresight’): via Old French from Latin provisio(n- ), from providere ‘foresee, attend to’ (see provide). The verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: PROVISIONAL
russian_word: предварительный
example: provisional bookings|the Provisional IRA
antonyms: permanent|definite
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
arranged or existing for the present, possibly to be changed later.|denoting the unofficial wings of the IRA and Sinn Fein established in 1969 and advocating terrorism.

synonyms:
interim|temporary|pro tem|transitional|changeover|stopgap|short-term|fill-in|make-do|acting|caretaker|TBC (to be confirmed)|subject to confirmation|pencilled in|working|conditional|qualified|tentative|contingent|makeshift|improvised|preliminary|unfinished|pro tempore|provisory|interregnal|provisionary


word: PROVISIONALLY
russian_word: временно
example: the film, provisionally entitled Skin, is due to be released next year
definition: subject to further confirmation; for the time being.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: prəˈvɪʒən(ə)li
phonetics_text: prəˈvɪʒən(ə)li
synonyms:
subject to confirmation|in an acting capacity|as a fill-in|short-term|pro tem|temporarily|for the interim|for the present|for the time being|for now|for the nonce|conditionally|tentatively|ad interim|pro tempore|contingently|provisorily


word: PROVISO
russian_word: оговорка
example: he let his house with the proviso that his own staff should remain to run it
definition: a condition or qualification attached to an agreement or statement.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈvʌɪzəʊ
phonetics_text: prəˈvʌɪzəʊ
synonyms:
condition|stipulation|provision|clause|rider|qualification|restriction|reservation|caveat|limitation|strings

origin:
late Middle English: from the medieval Latin phrase proviso (quod) ‘it being provided (that)’, from Latin providere ‘foresee, provide’.


word: PROVISOR
russian_word: Провизор
definition: (in the Roman Catholic Church) a deputy of a bishop or archbishop.|the holder of a provision.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prəˈvʌɪzə
phonetics_text: prəˈvʌɪzə
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French provisour, from Latin provisor, from provis- ‘provided’ (see provision).


word: PROVISORY
russian_word: временный
definition: subject to a proviso; conditional.|provisional.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈvʌɪz(ə)ri
phonetics_text: prəˈvʌɪz(ə)ri
origin:
early 17th century: from French provisoire or medieval Latin provisorius, from provis- ‘foreseen, attended to’, from the verb providere (see provide).


word: PROVOCATION
russian_word: провокация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
you should remain calm and not respond to provocation|walking with deliberate provocation, she struck a pose, then giggled|twenty patients had a high increase of serum gastrin after provocation with secretin

definition:
action or speech that makes someone angry, especially deliberately.|the action of arousing sexual desire or interest, especially deliberately.|testing to elicit a particular response or reflex.

synonyms:
goading|prodding|egging on|incitement|rousing|stirring|stimulation|prompting|inducement|encouragement|urging|inspiration|stimulus|pressure|annoyance|irritation|nettling|agitation|vexation|being rubbed up the wrong way|harassment|plaguing|molestation|teasing|taunting|torment|affront|insults|hassle|aggravation

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin provocatio(n- ), from the verb provocare (see provoke).


word: PROVOCATIVE
russian_word: провокационный
example: a provocative article
definition: causing anger or another strong reaction, especially deliberately.
antonyms: soothing|calming
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prəˈvɒkətɪv
phonetics_text: prəˈvɒkətɪv
synonyms:
annoying|irritating|exasperating|infuriating|provoking|maddening|goading|vexing|galling|affronting|insulting|offensive|inflaming|rousing|arousing|agitational|inflammatory|incendiary|controversial|aggravating|in-your-face|instigative|agitative

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French provocatif, -ive, from late Latin provocativus, from provocat- ‘called forth, challenged’, from the verb provocare (see provoke).


word: PROVOKE
russian_word: провоцировать
example: the decision provoked a storm of protest from civil rights organizations
definition: stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone.
antonyms: allay
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prəˈvəʊk
phonetics_text: prəˈvəʊk
synonyms:
arouse|produce|evoke|cause|give rise to|occasion|call forth|draw forth|elicit|induce|inspire|excite|spark off|touch off|kindle|generate|engender|instigate|result in|lead to|bring on|contribute to|make for|foster|promote|breed|precipitate|prompt|trigger|beget|enkindle

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘invoke, summon’): from Old French provoquer, from Latin provocare ‘challenge’, from pro- ‘forth’ + vocare ‘to call’.


word: PROVOST
russian_word: проректор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒvəst
phonetics_text: ˈprɒvəst
definition:
the head of certain university colleges, especially at Oxford or Cambridge, and public schools.|(in Scotland) the civic head of some regional Scottish councils, analogous to a mayor in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.|the head of a chapter in a cathedral.|short for provost marshal.|the chief magistrate of a French or other European town.

origin:
late Old English profost  ‘head of a chapter, prior’, reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-Norman French provost, from medieval Latin propositus, synonym of Latin praepositus ‘head, chief’ (see praepostor).


word: PROW
russian_word: нос
definition: the pointed front part of a ship; the bow.
synonyms: bow|bows|stem|fore|forepart|front|head|nose|cutwater|sharp end|fore-end|stem-post|beak|beakhead
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: praʊ
phonetics_text: praʊ
origin:
mid 16th century: from Old French proue, from Provençal proa, probably via Latin from Greek prōira, from a base represented by Latin pro ‘in front’.


word: PROWESS
russian_word: доблесть
example: his prowess as a fisherman|the hereditary nobility had no monopoly of skill and prowess in war
definition: skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.|bravery in battle.
antonyms: inability|ineptitude
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpraʊɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpraʊɪs
synonyms:
skill|skilfulness|expertise|effectiveness|mastery|facility|ability|capability|capacity|talent|genius|adroitness|adeptness|aptitude|dexterity|deftness|competence|competency|professionalism|excellence|accomplishment|experience|proficiency|expertness|finesse|know-how|savoir faire

origin:
Middle English (in prowess (sense 2)): from Old French proesce, from prou ‘valiant’. Sense 1 dates from the early 20th century.


word: PROWL
russian_word: рыскать
example: lions prowling in the bush
definition: (of a person or animal) move about restlessly and stealthily, especially in search of prey.
origin: late Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: praʊl
phonetics_text: praʊl
synonyms:
move stealthily|slink|skulk|steal|nose|pussyfoot|sneak|sidle|stalk|creep|roam|range|rove|cruise|hunt|scavenge|snoop


word: PROXIMAL
russian_word: проксимальный
example: the proximal end of the forearm
definition: situated nearer to the centre of the body or the point of attachment.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒksɪm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈprɒksɪm(ə)l
origin:
early 19th century (as a term in anatomy and zoology): from Latin proximus ‘nearest’ + -al. In geology, usage dates from the 1940s.


word: PROXIMATE
russian_word: ближайший
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprɒksɪmət
phonetics_text: ˈprɒksɪmət
example:
the fact that a storm may show up the poor condition of a flat roof does not signify that storm was the proximate cause of damage to it|he would try to change her speech into proximate ladylikeness

definition:
(especially of the cause of something) closest in relationship; immediate.|nearly accurate; approximate.

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin proximatus ‘drawn near’, past participle of proximare, from proximus ‘nearest’.


word: PROXIMITY
russian_word: близость
example: do not operate microphones in close proximity to television sets
definition: nearness in space, time, or relationship.
origin: late 15th century: from French proximité, from Latin proximitas, from proximus ‘nearest’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prɒkˈsɪmɪti
phonetics_text: prɒkˈsɪmɪti
synonyms:
closeness|nearness|presence|juxtaposition|propinquity|adjacency|accessibility|contiguity|vicinity|vicinage


word: PROXY
russian_word: доверенность
origin: late Middle English: contraction of procuracy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈprɒksi
phonetics_text: ˈprɒksi
example:
Britons overseas may register to vote by proxy|the use of a US wealth measure as a proxy for the true worldwide measure

definition:
the authority to represent someone else, especially in voting.|a figure that can be used to represent the value of something in a calculation.

synonyms:
deputy|representative|substitute|delegate|agent|surrogate|stand-in|attorney|ambassador|emissary|go-between|envoy|frontman|factor|procurator


word: PRUDE
russian_word: ханжа
example: the sex was so ambiguous and romantic that none but a prude could find it objectionable
definition: a person who is or claims to be easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pruːd
phonetics_text: pruːd
synonyms:
puritan|prig|killjoy|moral zealot/fanatic|moralist|Mrs Grundy|Grundy|old maid|schoolmarm|pietist|Victorian|priggish person|bluenose|goody-goody|goody two shoes|holy Joe|holy Willie|Miss Prim

origin:
early 18th century: from French, back-formation from prudefemme, feminine of prud'homme ‘good man and true’, from prou ‘worthy’.


word: PRUDENCE
russian_word: благоразумие
example: we need to exercise prudence in such important matters
definition: the quality of being prudent; cautiousness.
antonyms: folly|recklessness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpruːd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpruːd(ə)ns
synonyms:
wisdom|judgement|good judgement|judiciousness|sagacity|shrewdness|advisability|common sense|sense|caution|cautiousness|care|carefulness|canniness|chariness|wariness|circumspection|far-sightedness|foresight|forethought|discretion|thrift|thriftiness|providence|good management|careful budgeting|economy|frugality|abstemiousness|forehandedness|sparingness


word: PRUDENT
russian_word: благоразумный
example: no prudent money manager would authorize a loan without first knowing its purpose
definition: acting with or showing care and thought for the future.
antonyms: unwise|imprudent|incautious|extravagant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpruːd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpruːd(ə)nt
synonyms:
wise|well judged|judicious|sagacious|sage|shrewd|advisable|well advised|politic|sensible|commonsensical|cautious|careful|canny|chary|wary|circumspect|far-sighted|forearmed|forehanded|forethoughtful|thrifty|provident|economical|sparing|frugal|abstemious|scrimping

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin prudent-, contraction of provident- ‘foreseeing, attending to’ (see provident).


word: PRUDENTIAL
russian_word: благоразумный
definition: involving or showing care and forethought, especially in business.
origin: late Middle English: from prudent, on the pattern of words such as evidential .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: prʊˈdɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: prʊˈdɛnʃ(ə)l
example:
the US prudential rules prevented banks from lending more than fifteen per cent of their capital to any one borrower


word: PRUDISH
russian_word: ханжеский
example: the prudish moral climate of the late 19th century
antonyms: permissive|liberal|broad-minded
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpruːdɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpruːdɪʃ
definition:
having or revealing a tendency to be easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity; excessively concerned with sexual propriety.

synonyms:
puritanical|puritan|priggish|prim|prim and proper|formal|moralistic|strait-laced|prissy|mimsy|stuffy|niminy-piminy|Victorian|old-maid|old-maidish|schoolmistressy|schoolmarmish|governessy|goody-goody|starchy|Grundyish


word: PRUNE
russian_word: чернослив
example: he was a good leader, but a right miserable old prune
origin: Middle English: from Old French, via Latin from Greek prou(m)non ‘plum’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pruːn
phonetics_text: pruːn
definition:
a plum preserved by drying and having a black, wrinkled appearance.|an unpleasant or disagreeable person.


word: PRUNELLA
russian_word: прюнель
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: prʊˈnɛlə
phonetics_text: prʊˈnɛlə
definition:
a plant of a genus that includes self-heal. Several kinds are cultivated as ground cover and rockery plants.

origin:
modern Latin, literally ‘quinsy’, in medieval Latin brunella, diminutive of brunus ‘brown’, denoting a disease causing a brown coating on the tongue. Self-heal was a reputed cure for the disease.


word: PRUNUS
russian_word: сливы
origin: modern Latin, from Latin, literally ‘plum tree’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpruːnəs
phonetics_text: ˈpruːnəs
definition:
a tree or shrub of a large genus that includes many varieties grown for their spring blossom (cherry and almond) or for their fruit (plum, peach, and apricot).


word: PRURIENT
russian_word: похотливый
example: she'd been the subject of much prurient curiosity
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈprʊərɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈprʊərɪənt
definition:
having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters, especially the sexual activity of others.

synonyms:
salacious|licentious|voyeuristic|lascivious|lecherous|lustful|lewd|libidinous|lubricious|depraved|debauched|degenerate|dissolute|dissipated|concupiscent

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘having a mental itching’): from Latin prurient- ‘itching, longing’ and ‘being wanton’, from the verb prurire .


word: PRY
russian_word: подглядывать
example: sorry, I didn't mean to pry
definition: inquire too closely into a person's private affairs.
antonyms: mind one's own business
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘peer inquisitively’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: prʌɪ
phonetics_text: prʌɪ
synonyms:
inquire impertinently into|investigate impertinently|be inquisitive about|be curious about|poke about in|poke around in|ferret (about) in|ferret (around) in|delve into|eavesdrop on|listen in on|mind someone else's business|be a busybody|tap someone's phone|spy on|interfere in|meddle in|intrude on|scrutinize|probe|stick/poke one's nose in/into|be nosy (about)|nose into|snoop about in|snoop round in|snoop around in|stickybeak|inquisitive|curious|busybody|probing|spying|eavesdropping|impertinent|interfering|meddling|meddlesome|intrusive|nosy|snooping|snoopy|nebby|busy


word: PSALM
russian_word: псалом
example: a delightful setting of Psalm 150
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɑːm
phonetics_text: sɑːm
definition:
a sacred song or hymn, in particular any of those contained in the biblical Book of Psalms and used in Christian and Jewish worship.

synonyms:
sacred song|hymn|song of praise|religious song|anthem|carol|chant|plainsong|canticle|antiphon|introit|prayer|psalmody|psalter|paean|lay|miserere

origin:
Old English (p)sealm, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek psalmos ‘song sung to harp music’, from psallein ‘to pluck’.


word: PSALMODY
russian_word: пение псалмов
example: psalmody is common to all the Churches and is acceptable in those few Churches where hymns are not
definition: the singing of psalms or similar sacred canticles, especially in public worship.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɑːmədi
phonetics_text: ˈsɑːmədi|ˈsalmədi
origin:
Middle English: via late Latin from Greek psalmōidia ‘singing to a harp’, from psalmos (see psalm) + ōidē ‘song’.


word: PSALTERIUM
russian_word: книжка
definition: another term for omasum.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɔːlˈtɪərɪəm
phonetics_text: sɔːlˈtɪərɪəm|sɒlˈtɪərɪəm
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin, literally ‘psalter’ (see psalter), because of its many folds of tissue, resembling pages of a book.


word: PSALTERY
russian_word: псалтерион
origin: Middle English sautrie, from Old French sauterie, from Latin psalterium (see psalter).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɔːlt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈsɔːlt(ə)ri|ˈsɒlt(ə)ri
definition:
an ancient and medieval musical instrument like a dulcimer but played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a plectrum.


word: PSEPHOLOGY
russian_word: псефология
definition: the statistical study of elections and trends in voting.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɛˈfɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: sɛˈfɒlədʒi|sɪˈfɒlədʒi
origin:
1950s: from Greek psēphos ‘pebble, vote’ (from the ancient Greeks' practice of using pebbles to cast votes) + -logy.


word: PSEUDEPIGRAPHA
russian_word: Псевдоэпиграфы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsjuːdɪˈpɪɡrəfə
phonetics_text: ˌsjuːdɪˈpɪɡrəfə
definition:
spurious or pseudonymous writings, especially Jewish writings ascribed to various biblical patriarchs and prophets but composed within approximately 200 years of the birth of Christ.

origin:
late 17th century: neuter plural of Greek pseudepigraphos ‘with false title’ (see pseudo-, epigraph).


word: PSEUDO
russian_word: псевдо
example: we are talking about real journalists and not the pseudo kind
definition: not genuine; spurious or sham.
antonyms: genuine
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsjuːdəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈsjuːdəʊ
synonyms:
bogus|sham|phoney|imitation|artificial|mock|ersatz|quasi-|fake|feigned|pretended|false|faux|spurious|counterfeit|fraudulent|deceptive|misleading|assumed|contrived|affected|insincere|pretend|put-on|fakey|cod

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun in the sense ‘false apostle or teacher’): independent use of pseudo-.


word: PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
russian_word: псевдоэфедрин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sjuːdəʊˈɛfədriːn
phonetics_text: sjuːdəʊˈɛfədriːn
definition:
a drug obtained from plants of the genus Ephedra (or prepared synthetically) and used as a nasal decongestant.


word: PSEUDOMEMBRANE
russian_word: дифтерическая пленка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsjuːdəʊˈmɛmbreɪn
phonetics_text: ˌsjuːdəʊˈmɛmbreɪn
definition:
a layer of exudate resembling a membrane, formed on the surface of the skin or of a mucous membrane, especially the conjunctiva.


word: PSEUDONYM
russian_word: псевдоним
example: I wrote under the pseudonym of Evelyn Hervey
definition: a fictitious name, especially one used by an author.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsjuːdənɪm
phonetics_text: ˈsjuːdənɪm
synonyms:
pen name|assumed name|incognito|alias|false name|professional name|sobriquet|stage name|nickname|nom de plume|nom de guerre|allonym|anonym

origin:
early 19th century: from French pseudonyme, from Greek pseudōnymos, from pseudēs ‘false’ + onuma ‘name’.


word: PSEUDORANDOM
russian_word: псевдослучайный
example: most computers have built-in functions which will generate sequences of pseudorandom numbers
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsjuːdəʊˈrandəm
phonetics_text: ˌsjuːdəʊˈrandəm
definition:
(of a number, a sequence of numbers, or any digital data) satisfying one or more statistical tests for randomness but produced by a definite mathematical procedure.


word: PSI
russian_word: пси
example: psi powers
origin: Greek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: psʌɪ
phonetics_text: psʌɪ|sʌɪ
definition:
the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet ( Ψ, ψ ), transliterated as ‘ps’.|supposed parapsychological or psychic faculties or phenomena.


word: PSITTACINE
russian_word: попугаев
example: psittacine beak and feather disease
definition: relating to or denoting birds of the parrot family.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsɪtəkʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈsɪtəkʌɪn|ˈsɪtəsʌɪn
origin:
late 19th century: from Latin psittacinus ‘of a parrot’, from psittacus, from Greek psittakos ‘parrot’.


word: PSITTACOSIS
russian_word: пситтакоз
origin: late 19th century: from Latin psittacus ‘parrot’ + -osis.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪtəˈkəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌsɪtəˈkəʊsɪs
definition:
a contagious disease of birds, caused by chlamydiae and transmissible (especially from parrots) to human beings as a form of pneumonia.


word: PSOAS
russian_word: поясничная мышца
origin: late 17th century: from Greek, accusative plural of psoa, interpreted as singular.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsəʊas
phonetics_text: ˈsəʊas
definition:
each of a pair of large muscles which run from the lumbar spine through the groin on either side and, with the iliacus, flex the hip. A second muscle, the psoas minor, has a similar action but is often absent.


word: PSORALEN
russian_word: псорален
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɔːrəlɛn
phonetics_text: ˈsɔːrəlɛn
definition:
a compound present in certain plants which is used in perfumery and (in combination with ultraviolet light) to treat psoriasis and other skin disorders.

origin:
1930s: from modern Latin Psoralea (former genus name), from Greek psōraleos ‘itchy’ (from psōra ‘itch’) + the suffix -en (compare with -ene).


word: PSORIASIS
russian_word: псориаз
definition: a skin disease marked by red, itchy, scaly patches.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɒˈrʌɪəsɪs
phonetics_text: sɒˈrʌɪəsɪs
origin:
late 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek psōriasis, from psōrian ‘have an itch’, from psōra ‘itch’.


word: PSYCH
russian_word: психология
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective
phonetic: sʌɪk
phonetics_text: sʌɪk
example:
he had to psych himself for a tough conversation with his wife|mother had it all psyched out in three minutes

definition:
mentally prepare (someone) for a testing task or occasion.|analyse (something) in psychological terms.|make a psychic bid.

synonyms:
nerve oneself|steel oneself|prepare|prepare oneself|gear oneself up|arm oneself|brace oneself|get ready|urge oneself on|gird (up) one's loins|get in the mood|get in the right frame of mind


word: PSYCHE
russian_word: душа
example: their childhood made them want to understand the human psyche and to help others
definition: the human soul, mind, or spirit.
antonyms: body
origin: mid 17th century: via Latin from Greek psukhē ‘breath, life, soul’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsʌɪki
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪki
synonyms:
soul|spirit|(inner) self|innermost self|(inner) ego|true being|essential nature|life force|vital force|inner man/woman|persona|identity|personality|individuality|make-up|subconscious|mind|intellect|anima|pneuma|ka|atman


word: PSYCHEDELIC
russian_word: психоделический
example: psychedelic drugs
origin: 1950s: formed irregularly from psyche1 + Greek dēlos ‘clear, manifest’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkəˈdɛlɪk
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkəˈdɛlɪk|ˌsʌɪkəˈdiːlɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting drugs (especially LSD) that produce hallucinations and apparent expansion of consciousness.


word: PSYCHIATRIST
russian_word: психиатр
definition: a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkʌɪətrɪst
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkʌɪətrɪst
synonyms:
psychoanalyst|psychologist|psychopathologist|psychotherapist|therapist|counsellor|mind doctor|head doctor|alienist|shrink|headshrinker|trick cyclist|men in white coats


word: PSYCHIC
russian_word: психический
example: psychic powers|he dulled his psychic pain with gin
origin: early 19th century: from Greek psukhikos (see psyche1).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsʌɪkɪk
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪkɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting faculties or phenomena that are apparently inexplicable by natural laws, especially involving telepathy or clairvoyance.|relating to the soul or mind.|denoting a bid that deliberately misrepresents the bidder's hand, in order to mislead the opponents.

synonyms:
supernatural|paranormal|other-worldly|supernormal|preternatural|metaphysical|extrasensory|transcendental|magic|magical|mystical|mystic|occult|necromantic|clairvoyant|telepathic|telekinetic|spiritualistic|with second sight|with a sixth sense


word: PSYCHOANALYSIS
russian_word: психоанализ
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkəʊəˈnalɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkəʊəˈnalɪsɪs
definition:
a system of psychological theory and therapy which aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.


word: PSYCHODRAMA
russian_word: психодрама
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsʌɪkəʊdrɑːmə
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪkəʊdrɑːmə
example:
the treatment includes art therapy and psychodrama|a psychodrama about a brain-warped prisoner-of-war survivor

definition:
a form of psychotherapy in which patients act out events from their past.|a play, film, or novel in which psychological elements are the main interest.


word: PSYCHODYNAMICS
russian_word: психодинамика
example: the psychodynamics of adolescent suicide
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkəʊdʌɪˈnamɪks
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkəʊdʌɪˈnamɪks
definition:
the interrelation of the unconscious and conscious mental and emotional forces that determine personality and motivation.


word: PSYCHOGENESIS
russian_word: психогенез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
example:
they traced the psychogenesis of those cases to an early excessive affection for the mother or the father

definition:
the psychological cause to which a mental illness or behavioural disturbance may be attributed (as distinct from a physical cause).


word: PSYCHOGRAPHICS
russian_word: психографические
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪks
phonetics_text: sʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈɡrafɪks
definition:
the study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria, especially in market research.


word: PSYCHOLINGUIST
russian_word: психолингвист
example: grammar and word-choice errors studied by psycholinguists
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkəʊˈlɪŋɡwɪst
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkəʊˈlɪŋɡwɪst
definition:
an expert in or student of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes.


word: PSYCHOLOGICAL
russian_word: психологический
example: the victim had sustained physical and psychological damage
definition: of, affecting, or arising in the mind; related to the mental and emotional state of a person.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: sʌɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: sʌɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
mental|emotional|intellectual|inner|non-physical|cerebral|brain|rational|cognitive|abstract|conceptual|theoretical|psychical|mindly|phrenic


word: PSYCHOLOGISM
russian_word: психологизм
example: philosophical semantics was crippled by psychologism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkɒlədʒɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkɒlədʒɪz(ə)m
definition:
a tendency to interpret events or arguments in subjective terms, or to exaggerate the relevance of psychological factors.


word: PSYCHOLOGY
russian_word: психология
example: the psychology of child-killers
synonyms: study of the mind|science of the mind|science of the personality|study of the mental processes
origin: late 17th century: from modern Latin psychologia (see psycho-, -logy).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkɒlədʒi
definition:
the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behaviour in a given context.|the mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group.


word: PSYCHOMETRY
russian_word: психометрия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkɒmɪtri
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkɒmɪtri
definition:
the supposed ability to discover facts about an event or person by touching inanimate objects associated with them.|another term for psychometrics.


word: PSYCHOPATH
russian_word: психопат
definition: a person suffering from chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent social behaviour.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsʌɪkəpaθ
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪkəpaθ
synonyms:
madman/madwoman|mad person|deranged person|maniac|lunatic|psychotic|sociopath|loony|fruitcake|nutcase|nut|nutjob|cuckoo|psycho|schizo|head case|headbanger|sicko|crank|crackpot|nutter|radge|screwball|crazy|kook|meshuggener|nutso|wing nut


word: PSYCHOPATHIC
russian_word: психопатный
example: a psychopathic disorder
definition: suffering from or constituting a chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent social behaviour.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkəˈpaθɪk
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkəˈpaθɪk
synonyms:
severely mentally ill|mentally ill|insane|mad|certifiable|deranged|demented|of unsound mind|out of one's mind|not in one's right mind|not together|crazed|maniac|maniacal|lunatic|unbalanced|unhinged|unstable|disturbed|distracted|stark mad|manic|frenzied|raving|distraught|frantic|hysterical|delirious|mad as a hatter|mad as a March hare|non compos mentis|sectionable|crazy|mental|off one's head|out of one's head|off one's nut|nuts|nutty|nutty as a fruitcake|off one's rocker|not (quite) right in the head|round the bend|stark raving mad|raving mad|bats|bonkers|cuckoo|loopy|loony|bananas|loco|dippy|screwy|with a screw loose|schizoid|touched|gaga|not all there|not right upstairs|foaming at the mouth|barmy|batty|crackers|barking|barking mad|stark staring mad|round the twist|off one's trolley|daft|as daft as a brush|not the full shilling|up the pole|away with the fairies|buggy|off the wall|nutsy|nutso|out of one's tree|meshuga|squirrelly|wacko|bushed|porangi|psychotic|sociopathic|psychopathological


word: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
russian_word: психопатология
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi
example:
Wharton's autobiography ranks high in the annals of psychopathology|ageism, family discord, and psychopathology all play their part in abuse

definition:
the scientific study of mental disorders.|features of people's mental health considered collectively.


word: PSYCHOPHYSICS
russian_word: психофизика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪkəʊˈfɪzɪks
phonetics_text: sʌɪkəʊˈfɪzɪks
definition:
the branch of psychology that deals with the relations between physical stimuli and mental phenomena.


word: PSYCHOSIS
russian_word: психоз
example: they were suffering from a psychosis
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkəʊsɪs
definition:
a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek psukhōsis ‘animation’, from psukhoō ‘I give life to’, from psukhē ‘soul, mind’.


word: PSYCHOSOMATIC
russian_word: психосоматический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsʌɪkə(ʊ)səˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: ˌsʌɪkə(ʊ)səˈmatɪk
example:
her doctor was convinced that most of Edith's problems were psychosomatic|hypnosis involves powerful but little-understood psychosomatic interactions

definition:
(of a physical illness or other condition) caused or aggravated by a mental factor such as internal conflict or stress.|relating to the interaction of mind and body.

synonyms:
(all) in the mind|psychological|irrational|stress-related|stress-induced|subjective|subconscious|unconscious


word: PSYCHOTIC
russian_word: психотик
example: a psychotic disturbance
definition: relating to, denoting, or suffering from a psychosis.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkɒtɪk
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkɒtɪk
synonyms:
severely mentally ill|insane|mad|certifiable|deranged|demented|of unsound mind|out of one's mind|not in one's right mind|not together|crazed|lunatic|unbalanced|unhinged|unstable|disturbed|distracted|stark mad|maniac|maniacal|manic|frenzied|raving|distraught|frantic|hysterical|delirious|mad as a hatter|mad as a March hare|non compos mentis|sectionable|crazy|mental|off one's head|out of one's head|off one's nut|nuts|nutty|nutty as a fruitcake|off one's rocker|not (quite) right in the head|round the bend|raving mad|bats|bonkers|cuckoo|loopy|loony|bananas|loco|screwy|with a screw loose|touched|gaga|not all there|not right upstairs|foaming at the mouth|barmy|batty|crackers|barking|barking mad|round the twist|off one's trolley|daft|as daft as a brush|not the full shilling|up the pole|away with the fairies|buggy|off the wall|nutsy|nutso|out of one's tree|meshuga|squirrelly|wacko|bushed|porangi|psychopathic|psychopathological|sociopathic


word: PSYCHOTOMIMETIC
russian_word: психотомиметическое
example: such altered states of consciousness follow ingestion of LSD and other psychotomimetic drugs
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: sʌɪˌkɒtə(ʊ)mɪˈmɛtɪk
phonetics_text: sʌɪˌkɒtə(ʊ)mɪˈmɛtɪk
definition:
relating to or denoting drugs which are capable of producing an effect on the mind similar to a psychotic state.


word: PSYCHROMETER
russian_word: психрометр
origin: early 18th century: from Greek psukhros ‘cold’ + -meter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈkrɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈkrɒmɪtə
definition:
a hygrometer consisting of wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermometers, the difference in the two thermometer readings being used to determine atmospheric humidity.


word: PSYLLIUM
russian_word: подорожника
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪlɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈsɪlɪəm
definition:
a leafy-stemmed Eurasian plantain, the seeds of which are used as a laxative and as a bulking agent in the treatment of obesity.

origin:
mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek psullion, from psulla ‘flea’ (because the seeds resemble fleas).


word: PTARMIGAN
russian_word: белая куропатка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtɑːmɪɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈtɑːmɪɡ(ə)n
definition:
a northern grouse of mountainous and Arctic regions, with feathered legs and feet and plumage that typically changes to white in winter.

origin:
late 16th century: from Scottish Gaelic tàrmachan . The spelling with p- was introduced later, suggested by Greek words starting with pt- .


word: PTERODACTYL
russian_word: птеродактиль
definition: a pterosaur of the late Jurassic period, with a long slender head and neck and a very short tail.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌtɛrəˈdaktɪl
phonetics_text: ˌtɛrəˈdaktɪl
origin:
early 19th century: from modern Latin Pterodactylus (genus name), from Greek pteron ‘wing’ + daktulos ‘finger’.


word: PTEROSAUR
russian_word: птерозавр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtɛrəsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈtɛrəsɔː
definition:
a fossil flying reptile of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, with membranous wings supported by a greatly lengthened fourth finger.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Pterosauria (plural), from Greek pteron ‘wing’ + sauros ‘lizard’.


word: PTOMAINE
russian_word: трупный яд
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈtəʊmeɪn
phonetics_text: ˈtəʊmeɪn
definition:
any of a group of amine compounds of unpleasant taste and odour formed in putrefying animal and vegetable matter and formerly thought to cause food poisoning.

origin:
late 19th century: from French ptomaïne, from Italian ptomaina, formed irregularly from Greek ptōma ‘corpse’.


word: PUB
russian_word: паб
example: let's go to the pub
origin: mid 19th century: abbreviation of public house.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌb
phonetics_text: pʌb
definition:
an establishment for the sale of beer and other drinks, and sometimes also food, to be consumed on the premises.

synonyms:
bar|wine bar|inn|tavern|hostelry|taproom|roadhouse|public house|free house|tied house|howff|cafe|beer parlour|hotel|cantina|bierkeller|watering hole|local|boozer|gin mill|alehouse|pot-house|taphouse|beerhouse|saloon


word: PUBERTAL
russian_word: пубертатного
example: intense physical exercise can delay pubertal development
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjuːbətl
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːbətl
definition:
relating to the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.


word: PUBERTY
russian_word: половая зрелость
example: the onset of puberty
definition: the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pubertas, from puber ‘adult’, related to pubes (see pubes).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjuːbəti
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːbəti
synonyms:
adolescence|pubescence|sexual maturity|growing up|youth|young adulthood|teenage years|teens|the awkward age|juvenescence


word: PUBES
russian_word: лобковые волосы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: late 16th century: from Latin, ‘pubic hair, groin, genitals’.
definition:
the lower part of the abdomen at the front of the pelvis, covered with hair from puberty.|plural form of pubis.|plural form of pube.


word: PUBESCENCE
russian_word: половое созревание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pjʊˈbɛs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: pjʊˈbɛs(ə)ns
definition:
the time when puberty begins.|soft down on the leaves and stems of plants or on various parts of animals, especially insects.

origin:
late Middle English: from French, or from medieval Latin pubescentia, from Latin pubescent- ‘reaching puberty’ (see pubescent).


word: PUBESCENT
russian_word: достигший половой зрелости
example: a gang of pubescent boys
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: pjʊˈbɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: pjʊˈbɛs(ə)nt
definition:
relating to or denoting a person at or approaching the age of puberty.|covered with short soft hair; downy.

origin:
mid 17th century: from French, or from Latin pubescent- ‘reaching puberty’, from the verb pubescere .


word: PUBLIC
russian_word: общественный
antonyms: secret
synonyms: popular|general|common|communal|collective|shared|joint|universal|widespread
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪk
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪk
example:
public concern|he wanted a public apology in the Wall Street Journal|public spending|public examination results

definition:
of or concerning the people as a whole.|done, perceived, or existing in open view.|of or provided by the state rather than an independent, commercial company.|of, for, or acting for a university.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin publicus, blend of poplicus ‘of the people’ (from populus ‘people’) and pubes ‘adult’.


word: PUBLICAN
russian_word: мытарь
example: publicans and sinners
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n
definition:
a person who owns or manages a pub.|(in ancient Roman and biblical times) a collector or farmer of taxes.

origin:
Middle English (in publican (sense 2)): from Old French publicain, from Latin publicanus, from publicum ‘public revenue’, neuter (used as a noun) of publicus ‘of the people’. publican (sense 1) dates from the early 18th century.


word: PUBLICATION
russian_word: публикация
example: the publication of her first novel
definition: the preparation and issuing of a book, journal, or piece of music for public sale.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
issuing|announcement|publishing|printing|notification|reporting|declaration|communication|proclamation|broadcasting|publicizing|advertising|distribution|spreading|dissemination|promulgation|issuance|appearance|emergence

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘public announcement or declaration’): via Old French from Latin publicatio(n- ), from publicare ‘make public’ (see publish).


word: PUBLICIST
russian_word: публицист
origin: late 18th century: from French publiciste, from Latin (jus) publicum ‘public (law)’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪsɪst
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪsɪst
definition:
a person responsible for publicizing a product, person, or company.|a journalist, especially one concerned with current affairs.


word: PUBLICITY
russian_word: гласность
example: the case attracted wide publicity in the press
definition: notice or attention given to someone or something by the media.
origin: late 18th century: from French publicité, from public ‘public’ (see public).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌbˈlɪsɪti
phonetics_text: pʌbˈlɪsɪti
synonyms:
public attention|public interest|public notice|media attention/interest|exposure|glare|limelight|fuss|commotion|fame|renown|celebrity|stardom|notability|notoriety|to-do


word: PUBLICIZE
russian_word: рекламировать
example: use the magazine to publicize human rights abuses
definition: make (something) widely known.
antonyms: conceal|suppress
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪsʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪsʌɪz
synonyms:
make known|make public|announce|report|communicate|impart|disclose|reveal|divulge|leak|publish|broadcast|transmit|issue|put out|distribute|spread|unfold|disseminate|circulate|air|blazon|herald|proclaim|promulgate


word: PUBLICLY
russian_word: публично
example: some weep publicly|a publicly owned company
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪkli
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪkli
definition:
so as to be seen by other people; in public.|by the state rather than an independent, commercial company.


word: PUBLIC RELATIONS
russian_word: рекламный
example: public relations is often looked down on by the media
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the professional maintenance of a favourable public image by a company or other organization or a famous person.


word: PUBLIC WORKS
russian_word: общественные работы
example: public works projects
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the work of building such things as roads, schools, and hospitals, carried out by the state for the community.


word: PUBLISH
russian_word: публиковать
example: we publish practical reference books
synonyms: issue|bring out|produce|print
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪʃ
definition:
prepare and issue (a book, journal, piece of music, etc.) for public sale, distribution, or readership.|communicate (a libel) to a third party.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘make generally known’): from the stem of Old French puplier, from Latin publicare ‘make public’, from publicus (see public).


word: PUBLISHED
russian_word: опубликованный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌblɪʃt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌblɪʃt
example:
the collection includes the complete published works of Benjamin Britten|there is very little published data on the subject

definition:
(of a book, journal, piece of music, etc.) prepared and issued for public sale or readership.|(of information) printed or made available online so as to be generally known.


word: PUCK
russian_word: шайба
origin: late 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌk
phonetics_text: pʌk
definition:
a black disc made of hard rubber, used in ice hockey.|an input device resembling a mouse, dragged across a mat which senses its position to move the cursor on the screen.


word: PUCKER
russian_word: морщить
example: the child's face puckered, ready to cry
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpʌkə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌkə
definition:
(especially with reference to a person's face) tightly gather or contract into wrinkles or small folds.

synonyms:
wrinkle|crinkle|cockle|crumple|rumple|ruck up|scrunch up|corrugate|ruffle|screw up|crease|shrivel|furrow|crimp|gather|draw|tuck|pleat|ruckle

origin:
late 16th century (as a verb): probably frequentative, from the base of poke2 and pocket (suggesting the formation of small purse-like gatherings).


word: PUDDING
russian_word: пудинг
example: a rice pudding|a steak and kidney pudding
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊdɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpʊdɪŋ
definition:
a cooked sweet dish served after the main course of a meal.|a sweet or savoury steamed dish made with suet and flour.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a sausage such as black pudding ): apparently from Old French boudin ‘black pudding’, from Latin botellus ‘sausage, small intestine’.


word: PUDDLE
russian_word: лужа
example: splashing through deep puddles
synonyms: pool|spill|splash|plash
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpʌd(ə)l
definition:
a small pool of liquid, especially of rainwater on the ground.|clay and sand mixed with water and used as a watertight covering for embankments.|a circular patch of disturbed water made by the blade of an oar at each stroke.

origin:
Middle English: diminutive of Old English pudd  ‘ditch, furrow’; compare with German dialect Pfudel ‘pool’.


word: PUDENDUM
russian_word: наружные половые `органы
definition: a person's external genitals, especially a woman's.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pjʊˈdɛndəm
phonetics_text: pjʊˈdɛndəm
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin pudenda (membra) ‘(parts) to be ashamed of’, neuter plural of the gerundive of pudere ‘be ashamed’.


word: PUEBLO
russian_word: пуэбло
origin: Spanish, literally ‘people’, from Latin populus .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpwɛbləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈpwɛbləʊ
definition:
a North American Indian settlement of the south-western US, especially one consisting of multistoreyed adobe houses built by the Pueblo people.|a member of any of various North American peoples, including the Hopi, occupying pueblo settlements chiefly in New Mexico and Arizona.


word: PUERILE
russian_word: легкомысленный
example: a puerile argument
definition: childishly silly and immature.
antonyms: mature|sensible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjʊərʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpjʊərʌɪl
synonyms:
childish|immature|infantile|juvenile|adolescent|babyish|silly|inane|fatuous|jejune|asinine|foolish|petty

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘like a boy’): from French puéril or Latin puerilis, from puer ‘boy’.


word: PUERPERAL
russian_word: родильный
example: acute puerperal mastitis
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pjuːˈəːpər(ə)l
phonetics_text: pjuːˈəːpər(ə)l
definition:
during or relating to the period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition.

origin:
early 18th century: from Latin puerpera ‘woman who has given birth’, from puer ‘child’ + -para feminine of -parus ‘bearing’ (see -parous).


word: PUERPERIUM
russian_word: послеродовой период
origin: early 17th century: from Latin, from puerperus ‘parturient’ (from puer ‘child’ + -parus ‘bearing’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpjuːəˈpɛrɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌpjuːəˈpɛrɪəm|ˌpjuːəˈpiːrɪəm
definition:
the period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition.


word: PUFF
russian_word: слойка
synonyms: gust|blast|rush|squall|gale|whiff|breath|flurry|draught|waft|breeze|blow|zephyr
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌf
phonetics_text: pʌf
example:
a puff of wind swung the weathercock round|a jam puff|the publishers sent him a copy of the book hoping for a puff|she sent her a box of dusting powder with a swansdown puff

definition:
a short, explosive burst of breath or wind.|a light pastry case, typically one made of puff pastry, containing a sweet or savoury filling.|a review of a work of art, book, or theatrical production, especially an excessively complimentary one.|a gathered mass of material in a dress or other garment.|a powder puff.

origin:
Middle English: imitative of the sound of a breath, perhaps from Old English pyf (noun), pyffan (verb).


word: PUFFBALL
russian_word: дождевик
example: she chose a multicolour puffball creation for her wedding
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌfbɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈpʌfbɔːl
definition:
a fungus that produces a spherical or pear-shaped fruiting body which ruptures when ripe to release a cloud of spores.|a short full skirt gathered around the hemline to produce a soft puffy shape.


word: PUFFED
russian_word: запыхавшийся
example: he felt puffed after climbing to the top of the apartment block|symptoms include puffed eyelids
definition: out of breath.|swollen.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pʌfd
phonetics_text: pʌfd
synonyms:
out of breath|breathless|short of breath|puffed out|panting|puffing|huffing and puffing|puffing and blowing|gasping|gasping for breath|wheezing|wheezy|winded|short-winded|out of puff


word: PUFFIN
russian_word: тупик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌfɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpʌfɪn
definition:
an auk (seabird) of northern and Arctic waters which nests in holes, with a large head and a massive brightly coloured triangular bill.

origin:
Middle English (denoting the Manx shearwater): apparently from puff + -ing3, with reference to the Manx shearwater's fat nestlings. The later use is a confusion, by association of nesting habits and habitat.


word: PUFFY
russian_word: кичливый
example: her eyes were puffy and full of tears|small puffy clouds|his breath was puffy and fast
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌfi
phonetics_text: ˈpʌfi
definition:
(especially of part of the body) unusually swollen.|soft, rounded, and light.|(of wind or breath) coming in short bursts.

synonyms:
swollen|puffed up|distended|enlarged|full|inflated|dilated|bloated|engorged|bulging|baggy|tumid|turgescent|tumescent|tumefied|oedematous|ventricose


word: PUG
russian_word: мопс
origin: mid 18th century: perhaps of Low German origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌɡ
phonetics_text: pʌɡ
definition:
a dog of a dwarf breed like a bulldog with a broad flat nose and deeply wrinkled face.|a small, slender moth which rests with its wings stretched out to the sides.


word: PUGGAREE
russian_word: легкий индийский тюрбан
origin: from Hindi pagṛī ‘turban’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌɡ(ə)riː
phonetics_text: ˈpʌɡ(ə)riː
definition:
another term for pagri.|a thin muslin scarf tied round a sun helmet so as to hang down over the wearer's neck and shield it from the sun.


word: PUGNACIOUS
russian_word: драчливый
example: his public statements became increasingly pugnacious
definition: eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight.
antonyms: peaceable|friendly
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin pugnax, pugnac- (from pugnare ‘to fight’, from pugnus ‘fist’) + -ious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pʌɡˈneɪʃəs
phonetics_text: pʌɡˈneɪʃəs
synonyms:
combative|aggressive|antagonistic|belligerent|bellicose|warlike|quarrelsome|argumentative|contentious|disputatious|defiant|hostile|threatening|truculent|irascible|fiery|hot-tempered|ill-tempered|bad-tempered|rough


word: PUISNE
russian_word: хилый
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjuːni
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːni
definition:
(in the UK and some other countries) denoting a judge of a superior court inferior in rank to chief justices.

origin:
late 16th century (as a noun, denoting a junior or inferior person): from Old French, from puis (from Latin postea ‘afterwards’) + ne ‘born’ (from Latin natus ). Compare with puny.


word: PUISSANCE
russian_word: могущество
example: nine horses contested last night's Puissance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjuːɪs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːɪs(ə)ns|ˈpwiːɪs(ə)ns|ˈpwɪs(ə)ns
definition:
a competitive test of a horse's ability to jump large obstacles in showjumping.|great power, influence, or prowess.

origin:
late Middle English (in puissance (sense 2)): from Old French, ‘power’, from puissant ‘having power’ (see puissant). Sense 1 dates from the 1950s.


word: PUKE
russian_word: рвать
example: wild with shame at puking up like a baby
definition: vomit.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pjuːk
phonetics_text: pjuːk
synonyms:
vomit|throw up|retch|cough up|bring up|regurgitate|heave|gag|be sick|get sick|chunder|chuck up|hurl|spew|do the technicolor yawn|keck|honk|sick up|boke|spit up|barf|upchuck|toss one's cookies|blow chunks

origin:
late 16th century: probably imitative; first recorded as a verb in: ‘At first the infant, mewling, and puking in the nurse's arms’, in Shakespeare's As you like it (II. vii. 144).


word: PUKKA
russian_word: полновесный
example: the more expensive brands are pukka natural mineral waters|hey, man, that shirt's pukka
definition: genuine.|excellent.
antonyms: imitation
origin: late 17th century: from Hindi pakkā ‘cooked, ripe, substantial’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌkə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌkə
synonyms:
genuine|authentic|proper|actual|real|true|bona fide|veritable|original|not copied|legitimate|kosher|the real McCoy


word: PULE
russian_word: пищать
example: he began to pule like a baby because he was thirsty
definition: cry querulously or weakly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pjuːl
phonetics_text: pjuːl
origin:
late Middle English (originally referring to a bird's cry): probably imitative; compare with French piauler, in the same sense.


word: PULL
russian_word: тянуть
antonyms: push
synonyms: tug|haul|drag|draw|trail|tow|heave|lug|strain at|jerk|lever|prise|wrench|wrest|twist|pry|yank
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pʊl
phonetics_text: pʊl
example:
he pulled them down on to the couch|the bus was about to pull away|anyone can enter the show if they have a good act and the ability to pull a crowd|the gig was pulled at the first sign of difficulty|he may be their best ever lineman—he can run and pull with the best

definition:
exert force on (someone or something) so as to cause movement towards oneself.|move steadily in a specified direction or manner.|attract (someone) as a customer; cause to show interest in something.|cancel or withdraw (an entertainment or advertisement).|play (the ball) round to the leg side from the off.|(of a lineman) withdraw from and cross behind the line of scrimmage to block opposing players and clear the way for a runner.|print (a proof).

origin:
Old English pullian  ‘pluck, snatch’; origin uncertain; the sense has developed from expressing a short sharp action to one of sustained force.


word: PULLBACK
russian_word: препятствие
definition: an act of withdrawing troops.|a reduction in price or demand.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊlbak
phonetics_text: ˈpʊlbak
example:
forces have begun a pullback from frontline positions|wait for pullbacks to buy international stocks


word: PULL BACK
russian_word: оттягивать
definition: retreat from an area.|(in sport) improve or restore a team's position by scoring a goal.
antonyms: advance
example:
the pact called on the rival forces to pull back and allow a neutral force to take control|Rovers pulled back to 4–3 with a goal two minutes from time

synonyms:
withdraw|retreat|draw back|fall back|retire|disengage|pull out|back off|give way/ground|flee|take flight|turn tail|beat a (hasty) retreat


word: PULL DOWN
russian_word: понижать
example: the house was pulled down and the site redeveloped|he was pulling down sixty grand a year
definition: demolish a building.|earn a specified sum of money.
antonyms: build|erect
synonyms:
demolish|knock down|take down|tear down|dismantle|raze|raze to the ground|level|flatten|bulldoze|destroy|lay waste


word: PULLET
russian_word: молодка
definition: a young hen, especially one less than one year old.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʊlɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French poulet, diminutive of poule, from the feminine of Latin pullus ‘chicken, young animal’.


word: PULLEY
russian_word: шкив
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʊli
phonetics_text: ˈpʊli
definition:
a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes, which acts to change the direction of a force applied to the cord and is used to raise heavy weights.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French polie, probably from a medieval Greek diminutive of polos ‘pivot, axis’.


word: PULL IN
russian_word: осаживать
antonyms: release
synonyms: stop|halt|come to a stop/halt|park|arrive|pull over|draw in|draw up
example:
he pulled in at the kerb|the party pulled in 10 per cent of the vote|I'd pull him in for questioning|just beyond the village hall the farmer pulled in his horse

definition:
(of a vehicle) move to the side of or off the road.|succeed in securing or obtaining something.|arrest someone.|use reins to check a horse.


word: PULL OFF
russian_word: стащить
example: he pulled off a brilliant first round win|there is no place to pull off in case of an accident
definition:
succeed in achieving or winning something difficult.|(of a vehicle) move to the side of or off the road.

synonyms:
achieve|fulfil|succeed in|accomplish|bring off|bring about|carry out|carry off|execute|perform|perpetrate|discharge|complete|conduct|negotiate|clinch|work out|fix|effect|establish|engineer


word: PULL OUT
russian_word: выдвигать
synonyms: withdraw|resign|leave|retire|step down|get out|quit|back out|bow out
example:
as he turned the corner a police car pulled out in front of him|he was forced to pull out of the championship because of an injury

definition:
(of a vehicle) move out from the side of the road, or from its normal position in order to overtake.|withdraw from an undertaking.


word: PULL THROUGH
russian_word: выхаживать
example: the illness is difficult to overcome, but we hope she'll pull through
definition: get through an illness or other dangerous or difficult situation.
synonyms:
get better|get well again|improve|recover|rally|survive|come through|recuperate|get over something|be all right


word: PULLULATE
russian_word: кишеть
example: the countless rats that pullulate in the mine
definition: multiply or spread prolifically or rapidly.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌljʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌljʊleɪt
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin pullulat- ‘sprouted’, from the verb pullulare, from pullulus, diminutive of pullus ‘young animal’.


word: PULL UP
russian_word: делать выговор
synonyms: stop|draw up|come to a stop/halt|halt|come to a standstill|brake|park|arrive
example:
he pulled up outside the cottage|the pilot pulled the plane up in an attempt to avoid the building|the shock of his words pulled her up short

definition:
(of a vehicle) come to a halt.|increase the altitude of an aircraft.|cause someone to stop or pause; check.


word: PULL-UP
russian_word: подтягивание
example: now she only wears a pull-up at bedtime
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpʊlʌp
phonetics_text: ˈpʊlʌp
definition:
an exercise involving raising oneself with one's arms by pulling up against a horizontal bar fixed above one's head.|a disposable nappy with an elasticated waistband enabling it to be pulled up and worn like underpants, typically worn by children during potty training.|a roadside cafe.


word: PULMONATE
russian_word: имеющий легкие
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌlməneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌlməneɪt
definition:
a mollusc of the group Pulmonata, which includes the land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails.


word: PULP
russian_word: пульпа
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌlp
phonetics_text: pʌlp
example:
boiling with soda will reduce your peas to pulp|the story is a mix of pulp fiction and Greek tragedy

definition:
a soft, wet, shapeless mass of material.|popular or sensational writing that is regarded as being of poor quality.

synonyms:
mash|mush|puree|cream|pressé|pap|slop|paste|slush|mulch|swill|slurry|semi-liquid|semi-fluid|mess|baby food|gloop|goo|gook|glop|triturate|pomace

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the soft fleshy part of fruit): from Latin pulpa . The verb dates from the mid 17th century.


word: PULPIT
russian_word: кафедра
example: many ministers delivered political guidance from their pulpits
synonyms: stand|lectern|platform|podium|stage|staging|dais|rostrum|soapbox|stump|box|dock|minbar|ambo|tribune
origin: Middle English: from Latin pulpitum ‘scaffold, platform’, in medieval Latin‘pulpit’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊlpɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʊlpɪt
definition:
a raised enclosed platform in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers a sermon.|a raised platform in the bows of a fishing boat or whaler.


word: PULPY
russian_word: мясистый
example: simmer gently until the fruit is very soft and pulpy|pulpy detective novels
definition: resembling or consisting of pulp; mushy.|(of writing) sensationalist and of poor quality; trashy.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌlpi
phonetics_text: ˈpʌlpi
synonyms:
mushy|soft|semi-liquid|pappy|slushy|sloppy|spongy|squashy|squelchy|squishy|succulent|juicy|gooey|gloopy|squidgy|pulpous


word: PULSAR
russian_word: пульсар
origin: from puls(ating st)ar, on the pattern of quasar .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌlsɑː
phonetics_text: ˈpʌlsɑː
definition:
a celestial object, thought to be a rapidly rotating neutron star, that emits regular pulses of radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation at rates of up to one thousand pulses per second.


word: PULSATE
russian_word: пульсировать
example: blood vessels throb and pulsate
definition: expand and contract with strong regular movements.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: pʌlˈseɪt
phonetics_text: pʌlˈseɪt|ˈpʌlseɪt
origin:
late 17th century (earlier (Middle English) as pulsation ): from Latin pulsat- ‘throbbed, pulsed’, from the verb pulsare, frequentative of pellere ‘to drive, beat’.


word: PULSATILE
russian_word: пульсирующий
example: pulsatile tinnitus
definition: pulsating; relating to pulsation.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌlsətʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpʌlsətʌɪl
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin pulsatilis (in vena pulsatilis ‘artery’), from the verb pulsare (see pulsate).


word: PULSATILLA
russian_word: Прострел
definition: a plant of a genus that includes the pasque flower.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌlsəˈtɪlə
phonetics_text: ˌpʌlsəˈtɪlə
origin:
modern Latin, diminutive of pulsatus ‘beaten about’, expressing the notion ‘small flower beaten by the wind’.


word: PULSE
russian_word: импульс
origin: late Middle English: from Latin pulsus ‘beating’, from pellere ‘to drive, beat’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌls
phonetics_text: pʌls
example:
the doctor found a faint pulse|a pulse of gamma rays|those close to the financial and economic pulse maintain that there have been fundamental changes

definition:
a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck.|a single vibration or short burst of sound, electric current, light, or other wave.|the central point of energy and organization in an area or activity.|a measured amount of an isotopic label given to a culture of cells.

synonyms:
heartbeat|pulsation|pulsing|throb|throbbing|vibration|pounding|thudding|thud|thumping|thump|drumming


word: PULVERIZE
russian_word: распыляться
example: the brick of the villages was pulverized by the bombardment
definition: reduce to fine particles.
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin pulverizare, from pulvis, pulver- ‘dust’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌlvərʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈpʌlvərʌɪz
synonyms:
grind|crush|pound|crumble|powder|turn to dust|mill|crunch|squash|press|pulp|mash|sieve|mince|mangle|chew|shred|macerate|comminute|triturate|levigate|bray|powderize


word: PUMICE
russian_word: пемза
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌmɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpʌmɪs
definition:
a very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French pomis, from a Latin dialect variant of pumex, pumic- . Compare with pounce2.


word: PUMMEL
russian_word: бить
example: he felt like a boxer who had been pummelled mercilessly against the ropes
definition: strike repeatedly with the fists.
origin: mid 16th century: variant of pommel.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpʌm(ə)l
synonyms:
batter|pound|rain blows on|belabour|drub|hammer|punch|beat|strike|hit|thump|thrash|bang|welt|crack|whack|thwack|bash|clobber|wallop|belt|tan|biff|bop|lay into|pitch into|lace into|let someone have it|sock|lam|whomp|stick one on|slosh|boff|bust|slug|light into|whale|dong|quilt|smite|swinge


word: PUMP
russian_word: насос
example: a petrol pump|the bacterium's sodium pump|the shotgun was a 12-gauge pump
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌmp
phonetics_text: pʌmp
definition:
a mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move liquids, compress gases, or force air into inflatable objects such as tyres.|an active transport mechanism in living cells by which specific ions are moved through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient.|a pump-action shotgun.

origin:
late Middle English (originally in nautical use): related to Dutch pomp ‘ship's pump’ (earlier in the sense ‘wooden or metal conduit’), probably partly of imitative origin.


word: PUMPED
russian_word: закачивается
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pʌmpt
phonetics_text: pʌmpt
example:
each wheelbarrow has a pumped up tyre ensuring a smooth ride|the pumped milk was quickly stored in a freezer|the team came out really pumped up

definition:
(of an inflatable object) filled up with air, especially by using a pump.|(of milk) drawn from the breast using a breast pump, typically in order to feed a baby by means of a bottle.|very enthusiastic or excited.


word: PUMPERNICKEL
russian_word: хлеб из грубой ржаной мук `и
definition: dark, dense German bread made from coarsely ground wholemeal rye.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʊmpəˌnɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpʊmpəˌnɪk(ə)l|ˈpʌmpəˌnɪk(ə)l
origin:
mid 18th century: transferred use of German Pumpernickel ‘lout, bumpkin’, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: PUMPKIN
russian_word: тыква
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌm(p)kɪn
phonetics_text: ˈpʌm(p)kɪn
definition:
a large rounded orange-yellow fruit with a thick rind, the flesh of which can be used in sweet or savoury dishes.|the plant of the gourd family that produces pumpkins, having tendrils and large lobed leaves and native to warm regions of America.

origin:
late 17th century: alteration of earlier pumpion, from obsolete French pompon, via Latin from Greek pepōn ‘large melon’ (see pepo).


word: PUMPKINSEED
russian_word: Пампкинсид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌm(p)kɪnsiːd
phonetics_text: ˈpʌm(p)kɪnsiːd
definition:
a small, edible brightly coloured freshwater fish of the sunfish family, native to North America. It is popular in aquaria and has been introduced into many European waters.


word: PUN
russian_word: каламбур
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌn
phonetics_text: pʌn
example:
the Railway Society reception was an informal party of people of all stations (excuse the pun) in life

definition:
a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings.

synonyms:
play on words|wordplay|double entendre|double meaning|innuendo|witticism|quip|bon mot|jeu de mots|paronomasia|equivoque|amphibology|pivot|calembour|carriwitchet|clench|clinch|conundrum|nick|pundigrion|whim|quibble

origin:
mid 17th century: perhaps an abbreviation of obsolete pundigrion, as a fanciful alteration of punctilio.


word: PUNCH
russian_word: удар
example: he punched her in the face and ran off|I punched the button to summon the lift
origin: late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘puncture, prod’): variant of pounce1.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: pʌn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: pʌn(t)ʃ
definition:
strike with the fist.|press (a button or key on a machine).|drive (cattle) by prodding them with a stick.

synonyms:
hit|strike|knock|thump|thwack|jab|cuff|clip|smash|slam|welt|batter|buffet|thrash|pound|pummel|rain blows on|drub|box someone's ears|sock|slug|biff|bop|wallop|clobber|bash|whack|clout|crown|poke|lick|let someone have it|lam|whomp|deck|floor|stick one on|dot|slosh|boff|bust|whale|dong|quilt|king-hit|smite|swinge


word: PUNCHBAG
russian_word: груша
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌn(t)ʃbaɡ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌn(t)ʃbaɡ
definition:
a stuffed cylindrical bag suspended so it can be punched for exercise or training, especially by boxers.


word: PUNCHBALL
russian_word: панчингбол
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌn(t)ʃbɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈpʌn(t)ʃbɔːl
definition:
a stuffed or inflated ball suspended or mounted on a stand, used for punching as exercise or training, especially by boxers.|a team ball game in which a rubber ball is punched or headed.


word: PUNCHEON
russian_word: пуансон
definition: a short post, especially one used for supporting the roof in a coal mine.|another term for punch2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈpʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French poinchon, probably based on Latin punct- ‘punctured’, from the verb pungere . Compare with the noun pounce1.


word: PUNCHINELLO
russian_word: Полишинель
definition: another name for punch4 (sense 1 of the noun).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌpʌn(t)ʃɪˈnɛləʊ
phonetics_text: ˌpʌn(t)ʃɪˈnɛləʊ
origin:
mid 17th century: alteration of Neapolitan dialect Polecenella, perhaps a diminutive of pollecena ‘young turkey cock with a hooked beak’, from pulcino ‘chicken’, from Latin pullus .


word: PUNCHING BAG
russian_word: груша
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a stuffed or inflated bag, typically cylindrical or pear-shaped, suspended so it can be punched for exercise or training, especially by boxers; a punchbag.


word: PUNCH OUT
russian_word: выбивать
example: I wouldn't blame you for punching him out|everyone punched out for their morning break
definition:
knock someone unconscious by punching.|register one's departure from work, especially by means of a time clock.


word: PUNCHY
russian_word: пробивной
example: his style is journalistic, with short punchy sentences
definition: having an immediate impact; forceful.|another term for punch-drunk.
antonyms: feeble|ineffectual
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌn(t)ʃi
phonetics_text: ˈpʌn(t)ʃi
synonyms:
forceful|incisive|strong|powerful|vigorous|vivacious|zestful|animated|dynamic|enthusiastic|effective|impressive|striking|telling|influential|cogent|compelling|convincing|persuasive|eloquent|dramatic|passionate|graphic|vivid|moving|potent|authoritative|great|forcible|aggressive|irresistible|effectual|zappy|in-your-face|badass


word: PUNCTILIOUS
russian_word: педантичный
example: he was punctilious in providing every amenity for his guests
definition: showing great attention to detail or correct behaviour.
antonyms: careless|easy-going|slapdash
origin: mid 17th century: from French pointilleux, from pointille, from Italian puntiglio (see punctilio).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: pʌŋ(k)ˈtɪlɪəs
phonetics_text: pʌŋ(k)ˈtɪlɪəs
synonyms:
meticulous|conscientious|careful|diligent|attentive|ultra-careful|scrupulous|painstaking|exact|precise|accurate|correct|thorough|studious|rigorous|mathematical|detailed|perfectionist|methodical|particular|religious|strict|fussy|fastidious|hair-splitting|finicky|finical|demanding|exacting|pedantic|nitpicking|pernickety|persnickety|nice|overnice|laborious


word: PUNCTUAL
russian_word: пунктуальный
example: he's the sort of man who's always punctual
antonyms: late|early
origin: late 17th century: from medieval Latin punctualis, from Latin punctum ‘a point’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊ(ə)l
definition:
happening or doing something at the agreed or proper time.|denoting or relating to an action that takes place at a particular point in time.

synonyms:
on time|prompt|to/on schedule|in good time|in time|when expected|timely|well timed|on the dot|bang/spot on time


word: PUNCTUALLY
russian_word: пунктуально
example: four out of five trains were arriving punctually
definition: at the agreed or proper time; promptly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃ(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃ(ə)li|ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊəli
synonyms:
promptly|on time|at the proper time|at the right time|dead on time|prompt|sharp|exactly|precisely|to the minute|to the second|dead|bang on time|spot on time|bang on|spot on


word: PUNCTUATE
russian_word: перемежать
definition: insert punctuation marks in (text).|occur at intervals throughout (an area or period).
synonyms: add punctuation to|put punctuation marks in|dot|point|apostrophize|accentuate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊeɪt
example:
they should be shown how to set out and punctuate direct speech|the country's history has been punctuated by coups

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘point out’): from medieval Latin punctuat- ‘brought to a point’, from the verb punctuare, from punctum ‘a point’.


word: PUNCTUATION
russian_word: пунктуация
example: you will notice that no punctuation is used
synonyms: punctuation marks|points
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin punctuatio(n- ), from the verb punctuare (see punctuate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: pʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the marks, such as full stop, comma, and brackets, used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and to clarify meaning.|rapid or sudden speciation, as suggested by the theory of punctuated equilibrium.


word: PUNCTURE
russian_word: прокол
example: she was on her way home when she had a puncture
definition: a small hole in a tyre resulting in an escape of air.
synonyms: flat tyre|flat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃə
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin punctura, from punct- ‘pricked’, from the verb pungere . The verb dates from the late 17th century.


word: PUNDIT
russian_word: ученый муж
example: political pundits were tipping him for promotion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌndɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌndɪt
definition:
an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give their opinions to the public.|variant form of pandit.

synonyms:
expert|authority|adviser|member of a think tank|member of a policy unit|specialist|consultant|doyen|master|mentor|guru|sage|savant|buff|whizz|boffin

origin:
mid 17th century (in pundit (sense 2)): from Sanskrit paṇḍita ‘learned man’, use as noun of paṇḍita ‘learned, skilled’. pundit (sense 1) is first recorded in the early 19th century.


word: PUNGENT
russian_word: острый
example: the pungent smell of frying onions
definition: having a sharply strong taste or smell.
antonyms: bland|mild
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌn(d)ʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌn(d)ʒ(ə)nt
synonyms:
strong|powerful|pervasive|penetrating|suffocating|stifling|sharp|acrid|acid|sour|biting|stinging|burning|smarting|irritating|nauseating|nauseous|sickly|offensive|astringent|bitter|fetid|cloying|mephitic|tart|vinegary|tangy|highly flavoured|aromatic|spicy|spiced|piquant|peppery|hot|fiery

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘very painful or distressing’): from Latin pungent- ‘pricking’, from the verb pungere .


word: PUNISH
russian_word: наказать
example: I have done wrong and I'm being punished for it
antonyms: pardon|exonerate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈpʌnɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌnɪʃ
definition:
inflict a penalty or sanction on (someone) as retribution for an offence, especially a transgression of a legal or moral code.

synonyms:
penalize|discipline|mete out punishment to|bring someone to book|teach someone a lesson|make an example of|tan/whip someone's hide|get|scalp|murder|wallop|thump|give it to someone|throw the book at|skin alive|drop on|give someone what for|tear down|chastise|chasten|recompense|visit

origin:
Middle English: from Old French puniss-, lengthened stem of punir ‘punish’, from Latin punire, from poena ‘penalty’.


word: PUNISHABLE
russian_word: наказуемый
example: a criminal offence punishable by up to three years in jail
definition: (of an act) subject to a judicial punishment.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌnɪʃəbl
phonetics_text: ˈpʌnɪʃəbl
synonyms:
illegal|unlawful|illegitimate|criminal|felonious|actionable|prosecutable|indictable|penal|blameworthy|dishonest|fraudulent|unauthorized|unsanctioned|outlawed|banned|forbidden|barred|prohibited|interdicted|proscribed


word: PUNISHING
russian_word: карающий
example: the band's punishing tour schedule
definition: physically and mentally demanding; arduous.
antonyms: easy|effortless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ
synonyms:
arduous|demanding|taxing|onerous|burdensome|strenuous|rigorous|stressful|trying|severe|cruel|stiff|heavy|hard|difficult|uphill|tough|exhausting|fatiguing|wearying|enervating|debilitating|prostrating|sapping|wearing|draining|tiring|gruelling|grinding|back-breaking|crippling|relentless|unsparing|inexorable|killing|murderous


word: PUNITIVE
russian_word: карательный
example: he called for punitive measures against the Eastern bloc
definition: inflicting or intended as punishment.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjuːnɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːnɪtɪv
synonyms:
penal|disciplinary|corrective|correctional|retributive|in retaliation|in reprisal|penitentiary|punitory|castigatory

origin:
early 17th century: from French punitif, -ive or medieval Latin punitivus, from Latin punit- ‘punished’, from the verb punire (see punish).


word: PUNK
russian_word: панк
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: pʌŋk
phonetics_text: pʌŋk
example:
punk had turned pop music and its attendant culture on its head|you think any of these punks they got fighting today could stand up to Joe Louis?

definition:
a loud, fast-moving, and aggressive form of rock music, popular in the late 1970s.|a worthless person (often used as a general term of abuse).|soft, crumbly wood that has been attacked by fungus, used as tinder.

origin:
late 17th century (in punk (sense 3 of the noun)): perhaps, in some senses, related to archaic punk ‘prostitute’, also to spunk.


word: PUNKAH
russian_word: подвешенное опахало
example: the punkah wallah fell asleep over his task
origin: via Hindi from Sanskrit pakṣaka, from pakṣa ‘wing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌŋkə|ˈpʌŋkɑː
definition:
(in India) a large cloth fan on a frame suspended from the ceiling, moved backwards and forwards by pulling on a cord.


word: PUNT
russian_word: плоскодонка
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌnt
phonetics_text: pʌnt
definition:
a long, narrow flat-bottomed boat, square at both ends and propelled with a long pole, used on inland waters chiefly for recreation.

origin:
Old English, from Latin ponto, denoting a flat-bottomed ferry boat; readopted in the early 16th century from Middle Low German punte or Middle Dutch ponte ‘ferry boat’, of the same origin.


word: PUNTER
russian_word: профессиональный игрок
synonyms: gambler|backer|staker|speculator|bettor|plunger|high roller|spieler
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌntə
phonetics_text: ˈpʌntə
definition:
a person who gambles, places a bet, or makes a risky investment.|a player who punts.|a person who propels or travels in a punt.


word: PUNY
russian_word: тщедушный
example: white-faced, puny children
definition: small and weak.
antonyms: strong|sturdy|significant|sizeable|substantial
origin: mid 16th century (as a noun denoting a younger or more junior person): phonetic spelling of puisne.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpjuːni
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːni
synonyms:
undersized|underdeveloped|undernourished|underfed|stunted|slight|small|little|diminutive|dwarfish|pygmy|weak|feeble|weakly|sickly|delicate|frail|fragile|weedy|pint-sized|pitiful|pitiable|inadequate|negligible|insufficient|scant|scanty|derisory|miserable|sorry|wretched|meagre|paltry|trifling|trivial|insignificant|inconsequential|petty|pathetic|measly|piddling|piffling|mingy|dinky|poxy|exiguous


word: PUP
russian_word: щенок
definition: a young dog.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: pʌp
phonetics_text: pʌp
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘arrogant young man’): back-formation from puppy, interpreted as a diminutive.


word: PUPIL
russian_word: ученик
example: they are former pupils of the school
definition: a person who is taught by another, especially a schoolchild or student in relation to a teacher.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpjuːpɪl
phonetics_text: ˈpjuːpɪl|ˈpjuːp(ə)l
synonyms:
student|schoolchild|schoolboy|schoolgirl|scholar|disciple|follower|learner|protégé|apprentice|trainee|mentee|probationer|novice|recruit|beginner|tyro|neophyte

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘orphan, ward’): from Old French pupille, from Latin pupillus (diminutive of pupus ‘boy’) and pupilla (diminutive of pupa ‘girl’).


word: PUPPET
russian_word: кукольный
example: a puppet show
synonyms: marionette|glove puppet|hand puppet|finger puppet|rod puppet|shadow puppet
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌpɪt
phonetics_text: ˈpʌpɪt
definition:
a movable model of a person or animal that is typically moved either by strings controlled from above or by a hand inside it.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a doll): later form of poppet, generally having a more unfavourable connotation.


word: PUPPY
russian_word: щенок
definition: a young dog.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpʌpi
phonetics_text: ˈpʌpi
origin:
late 15th century (denoting a lapdog): perhaps from Old French poupee ‘doll, plaything’; compare with puppet, synonymous with dialect puppy (as in puppy-show ‘puppet show’).


word: PURANA
russian_word: пурана
origin: from Sanskrit purāṇa ‘ancient (legend)’, from purā ‘formerly’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: pʊˈrɑːnə
phonetics_text: pʊˈrɑːnə
definition:
any of a class of Sanskrit sacred writings on Hindu mythology and folklore of varying date and origin, the most ancient of which dates from the 4th century AD.


word: PURBLIND
russian_word: подслеповатый
definition: having impaired or defective vision; partially blind.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈpəːblʌɪnd
phonetics_text: ˈpəːblʌɪnd
origin:
Middle English (as two words in the sense ‘completely blind’): from the adverb pure ‘utterly’ (later assimilated to pur-) + blind.


word: PURCHASE
russian_word: покупка
example: Mr Gill spotted the manuscript at a local auction and purchased it for £1,500
antonyms: sell|market
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈpəːtʃɪs
phonetics_text: ˈpəːtʃɪs
definition:
acquire (something) by paying for it; buy.|haul up (a rope, cable, or anchor) by means of a pulley or lever.

synonyms:
buy|acquire|obtain|pick up|snap up|take|secure|procure|come by|pay for|shop for|invest in|put money into|get hold of|get one's hands on|get one's mitts on|score

origin:
Middle English: from Old French pourchacier ‘seek to obtain or bring about’, the earliest sense also in English, which soon gave rise to the senses ‘gain’ (hence, in nautical use, the notion of ‘gaining’ one portion of rope after another) and ‘buy’.


word: PURCHASER
russian_word: покупатель
example: one of the club's prospective purchasers
definition: a person who buys something; a buyer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈpəːtʃɪsə
phonetics_text: ˈpəːtʃɪsə
synonyms:
buyer|shopper|customer|consumer|client|patron|investor|user|clientele|patronage|public|trade|market|vendee|emptor


