# Dictionary_data_final

word: INGROWN
russian_word: вросший
example: as ingrown habit would have dictated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnɡrəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈɪnɡrəʊn
definition:
growing or having grown within; innate.|(of an incised meander) asymmetric in cross section due to lateral erosion.


word: INGURGITATE
russian_word: поглощать
example: its empty holds are ingurgitating a vast, continuous rush of murky brown seawater
definition: swallow (something) greedily.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈɡəːdʒɪteɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈɡəːdʒɪteɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin ingurgitat- ‘poured in, drenched’, from the verb ingurgitare, from in- ‘into’ + gurges, gurgit- ‘whirlpool, gulf’.


word: INHABIT
russian_word: населять
example: a bird that inhabits North America
definition: (of a person, animal, or group) live in or occupy (a place or environment).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈhabɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhabɪt
synonyms:
live in|occupy|settle in|settle|people|populate|colonize|make one's home in|set up home in|dwell in|reside in|tenant|lodge in|have one's home in|be an inhabitant of|be established in|be ensconced in|be domiciled in|abide in

origin:
late Middle English inhabite, enhabite, from Old French enhabiter or Latin inhabitare, from in- ‘in’ + habitare ‘dwell’ (from habere ‘have’).


word: INHABITANCY
russian_word: постоянное проживание
example: he built a cottage to give an air of cheerfulness and inhabitancy to the scene
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈhabɪt(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhabɪt(ə)nsi
definition:
the state of living in a particular place, especially during a specified period so as to acquire certain rights.


word: INHABITANT
russian_word: житель
definition: a person or animal that lives in or occupies a place.
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin inhabitare ‘inhabit’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈhabɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhabɪt(ə)nt
synonyms:
resident|occupant|occupier|dweller|settler|local|native|population|populace|people|public|community|citizenry|folk|townsfolk|townspeople|denizen|burgher|residentiary|habitant|oppidan|indweller


word: INHALER
russian_word: ингалятор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈheɪlə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈheɪlə
definition:
a portable device for administering a drug which is to be breathed in, used for relieving asthma and other bronchial or nasal congestion.


word: IN HAND
russian_word: в работе
synonyms: being dealt with|receiving attention|being attended to|under way|under control
example:
he threw himself into the work in hand|he had £1,000 of borrowed cash in hand|the police had the situation well in hand

definition:
receiving or requiring immediate attention.|ready for use if required; in reserve.|under one's control.


word: INHARMONIOUS
russian_word: негармоничный
example: an inharmonious, negative state of mind
definition: not forming or contributing to a pleasing whole; discordant.
antonyms: harmonious|musical|fitting|congenial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnhɑːˈməʊnɪəs
phonetics_text: ɪnhɑːˈməʊnɪəs
synonyms:
unmelodious|unharmonious|unmusical|tuneless|discordant|dissonant|off-key|harsh|grating|jarring|jangling|cacophonous|screeching|raucous|strident|horrisonant|absonant|out of place|unsuitable|inappropriate|ill suited|clashing|conflicting|incompatible|mismatched|ill-matched|contradictory|irreconcilable|antagonistic|quarrelsome|argumentative|disputatious|captious|cantankerous|confrontational|belligerent|bellicose|combative


word: INHERENT
russian_word: присущий
example: any form of mountaineering has its inherent dangers
definition: existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute.
antonyms: acquired|alien
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈhɪər(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɪər(ə)nt|ɪnˈhɛr(ə)nt
synonyms:
intrinsic|innate|immanent|built-in|inborn|ingrained|deep-rooted|essential|fundamental|basic|implicit|structural|characteristic|organic|inseparable|permanent|indelible|ineradicable|ineffaceable|inexpungible|natural|instinctive|instinctual|congenital|native|connate|connatural

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin inhaerent- ‘sticking to’, from the verb inhaerere, from in- ‘in, towards’ + haerere ‘to stick’.


word: INHERIT
russian_word: наследовать
example: she inherited a fortune from her father|spending commitments inherited from previous governments
synonyms: become heir to|fall heir to|come into/by|be bequeathed|be left|be willed|be devised
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈhɛrɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɛrɪt
definition:
receive (money, property, or a title) as an heir at the death of the previous holder.|derive (a quality, characteristic, or predisposition) genetically from one's parents or ancestors.|receive or be left with (a situation, object, etc.) from a predecessor or former owner.

origin:
Middle English enherite  ‘receive as a right’, from Old French enheriter, from late Latin inhereditare ‘appoint as heir’, from Latin in- ‘in’ + heres, hered- ‘heir’.


word: INHERITABLE
russian_word: наследуемый
example: these characteristics are inheritable
definition: capable of being inherited.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈhɛrɪtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɛrɪtəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English (formerly also as enheritable ): from Anglo-Norman French enheritable ‘able to be made heir’, from Old French enheriter (see inherit).


word: INHERITANCE
russian_word: наследование
example: he came into a comfortable inheritance
definition: a thing that is inherited.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈhɛrɪt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɛrɪt(ə)ns
synonyms:
legacy|bequest|endowment|birthright|estate|heritage|bestowal|bequeathal|benefaction|provision|patrimony|devise|hereditament

origin:
late Middle English (formerly also as enheritance ): from Anglo-Norman French enheritaunce ‘being admitted as heir’, from Old French enheriter (see inherit).


word: INHERITED
russian_word: унаследованный
example: inherited wealth|inherited diseases
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈhɛrɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɛrɪtɪd
definition:
(of money, property, or a title) received as an heir at the death of the previous holder.|(of a quality, characteristic, or predisposition) derived genetically from one's parents or ancestors.


word: INHERITOR
russian_word: наследник
example: we are the inheritors of these cultural traditions
definition: a person who inherits something; an heir.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈhɛrɪtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɛrɪtə
synonyms:
heir|heiress|legatee|recipient|receiver|successor|next in line|devisee|grantee|parcener|coparcener|cestui que trust|heritor


word: INHIBIN
russian_word: ингибин
origin: 1930s: from Latin inhibere ‘hinder’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈhɪbɪn
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɪbɪn
definition:
a gonadal hormone which inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone, under consideration as a potential male contraceptive.


word: INHIBIT
russian_word: препятствовать
example: cold inhibits plant growth|they felt inhibited by the presence of healthcare professionals
antonyms: assist|encourage|allow
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈhɪbɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɪbɪt
definition:
hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process).|make (someone) self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way.|(in ecclesiastical law) forbid (a member of the clergy) to exercise clerical functions.

synonyms:
impede|hinder|hamper|hold back|discourage|interfere with|obstruct|put a brake on|slow|slow down|retard|curb|check|suppress|repress|restrict|restrain|constrain|bridle|rein in|shackle|fetter|cramp|balk|frustrate|arrest|stifle|smother|prevent|block|thwart|foil|quash|stop|halt|put an end/stop to|nip in the bud

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘forbid (a person) to do something’): from Latin inhibere ‘hinder’, from in- ‘in’ + habere ‘hold’.


word: INHIBITED
russian_word: ингибирует
example: I could never appear nude, I'm far too inhibited
definition: unable to act in a relaxed and natural way because of self-consciousness or mental restraint.
antonyms: uninhibited|extrovert
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd
synonyms:
shy|reticent|self-conscious|reserved|diffident|bashful|coy|embarrassed|uneasy|wary|reluctant|uncomfortable|hesitant|apprehensive|nervous|insecure|unconfident|unassertive|timid|timorous|subdued|withdrawn|tongue-tied|repressed|constrained|restrained|undemonstrative|uptight|hung up


word: INHIBITION
russian_word: ингибирование
example: the children, at first shy, soon lost their inhibitions
antonyms: encouragement|promotion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪn(h)ɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪn(h)ɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way.|the action of inhibiting a process.|an order or writ of prohibition, especially against dealing with a specified piece of land or property.

synonyms:
shyness|reticence|self-consciousness|reserve|diffidence|bashfulness|coyness|embarrassment|unease|wariness|reluctance|discomfort|hesitance|hesitancy|apprehension|nerves|nervousness|insecurity|lack of confidence|unassertiveness|timidity|timorousness|repression|restraint|constraint|reservation|mental block|psychological block|hang-up

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘forbidding, a prohibition’): from Latin inhibitio(n- ), from the verb inhibere (see inhibit).


word: INHOSPITABLE
russian_word: негостеприимный
example: the inhospitable landscape
antonyms: hospitable|welcoming
origin: late 16th century: French, from in- ‘not’ + hospitable (see hospitable).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəb(ə)l|ɪnˈhɒspɪtəb(ə)l
definition:
(of an environment) harsh and difficult to live in.|(of a person) unfriendly and unwelcoming towards people.

synonyms:
uninviting|unwelcoming|bleak|lonely|empty|forbidding|cheerless|hostile|harsh|inimical|uninhabitable|barren|bare|sterile|desolate|austere|severe|stark|spartan


word: INHOSPITALITY
russian_word: негостеприимство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌhɒspɪˈtalɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnˌhɒspɪˈtalɪti
example:
pardon my inhospitality, however, it is rather late|the inhospitality of this environment, a wet and cold place where nothing grows

definition:
the quality of being unfriendly and unwelcoming towards people.|the state of being harsh and difficult to live in.


word: INHUMAN
russian_word: бесчеловечный
example: the inhuman treatment meted out to political prisoners|the inhuman scale of the dinosaurs
antonyms: humane|compassionate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈhjuːmən
phonetics_text: ɪnˈhjuːmən
definition:
lacking human qualities of compassion and mercy; cruel and barbaric.|not human in nature or character.

synonyms:
cruel|harsh|inhumane|brutal|callous|sadistic|severe|savage|vicious|barbaric|barbarous|bestial|monstrous|fiendish|diabolical|evil|wicked|heinous|merciless|ruthless|pitiless|unpitying|remorseless|cold-blooded|heartless|hard-hearted|stone-hearted|with a heart of stone|unforgiving|unkind|unkindly|inconsiderate|unsympathetic|unfeeling|uncaring|hard-boiled|hard-nosed|beastly|dastardly|sanguinary|egregious|flagitious

origin:
late Middle English (originally as inhumane ): from Latin inhumanus, from in- ‘not’ + humanus (see human).


word: INHUMANE
russian_word: негуманный
example: confining wild horses is inhumane
definition: without compassion for misery or suffering; cruel.
antonyms: humane|compassionate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnhjʊˈmeɪn
phonetics_text: ɪnhjʊˈmeɪn
synonyms:
cruel|harsh|brutal|callous|sadistic|severe|savage|vicious|barbaric|barbarous|bestial|monstrous|inhuman|fiendish|diabolical|evil|wicked|heinous|merciless|ruthless|pitiless|unpitying|remorseless|cold-blooded|heartless|hard-hearted|stone-hearted|with a heart of stone|unforgiving|unkind|unkindly|inconsiderate|unsympathetic|unfeeling|uncaring|hard-boiled|hard-nosed|beastly|dastardly|sanguinary|egregious|flagitious

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘inhuman, brutal’): originally a variant of inhuman (rare after 1700); in modern use from in-1 ‘not’ + humane (the current sense dating from the early 19th century).


word: INHUMANITY
russian_word: бесчеловечность
example: man's inhumanity to man
definition: extremely cruel and brutal behaviour.
antonyms: humanity|compassion
origin: late 15th century: from Old French inhumanite or Latin inhumanitas, from inhumanus ‘inhuman’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnhjʊˈmanɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnhjʊˈmanɪti
synonyms:
cruelty|harshness|brutality|callousness|sadism|severity|savagery|viciousness|barbarity|barbarism|bestiality|monstrousness|fiendishness|evil|evilness|wickedness|heinousness|mercilessness|ruthlessness|pitilessness|remorselessness|cold-bloodedness|heartlessness|hard-heartedness|stone-heartedness|unforgivingness|unkindness|unkindliness|inconsiderateness|uncaringness|lack of compassion|lack of feeling|lack of sympathy|beastliness|dastardliness|egregiousness|flagitiousness


word: INIMICAL
russian_word: враждебный
example: the policy was inimical to Britain's real interests
definition: tending to obstruct or harm.
antonyms: helpful|advantageous
origin: early 16th century: from late Latin inimicalis, from Latin inimicus (see enemy).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnɪmɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪmɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
harmful|injurious|detrimental|deleterious|pernicious|damaging|hurtful|dangerous|destructive|ruinous|calamitous|antagonistic|contrary|antipathetic|unfavourable|adverse|opposed|hostile|at odds|not conducive|prejudicial|malefic|maleficent


word: INIMITABLE
russian_word: неподражаемый
example: they took the charts by storm with their inimitable style
definition: so good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnɪmɪtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪmɪtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unique|distinctive|individual|special|idiosyncratic|quirky|exclusive|rare|incomparable|unparalleled|unrivalled|matchless|unmatched|peerless|unequalled|unsurpassed|unsurpassable|superlative|supreme|without equal|without match|beyond compare|beyond comparison|second to none|in a class of one's own|model|faultless|perfect|consummate|ideal|unexampled|nonpareil

origin:
late 15th century: from French, or from Latin inimitabilis, from in- ‘not’ + imitabilis (from imitari ‘imitate’).


word: INIQUITOUS
russian_word: несправедливый
example: an iniquitous tax
definition: grossly unfair and morally wrong.
antonyms: good|virtuous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs
synonyms:
wicked|sinful|evil|immoral|improper|villainous|criminal|heinous|nefarious|vile|foul|base|odious|abominable|execrable|atrocious|dreadful|egregious|malicious|outrageous|monstrous|obscene|intolerable|shocking|scandalous|reprehensible|unjust|unfair|malfeasant|dastardly|facinorous|dishonourable|unprincipled|lawless|degenerate|corrupt|reprobate|dissolute|devilish|diabolical|fiendish|crooked|blackguardly


word: INIQUITY
russian_word: беззаконие
example: a den of iniquity
definition: immoral or grossly unfair behaviour.
antonyms: goodness|virtue
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈnɪkwɪti
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪkwɪti
synonyms:
wickedness|sinfulness|immorality|impropriety|vice|evil|sin|villainy|criminality|crime|heinousness|nefariousness|knavery|vileness|foulness|baseness|odiousness|atrociousness|dreadfulness|egregiousness|outrageousness|outrage|monstrousness|obscenity|reprehensibility|ungodliness|godlessness|impiety|devilry|transgression|wrongdoing|wrong|offence|injury|violation|atrocity

origin:
Middle English: from Old French iniquite, from Latin iniquitas, from iniquus, from in- ‘not’ + aequus ‘equal, just’.


word: INITIAL
russian_word: первоначальный
example: our initial impression was favourable
definition: existing or occurring at the beginning.
antonyms: final
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
beginning|opening|commencing|starting|inceptive|embryonic|fledgling|first|early|earliest|prime|primary|preliminary|elementary|foundational|preparatory|rudimentary|introductory|inaugural|incipient|inchoate|pilot|test|trial

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin initialis, from initium ‘beginning’, from inire ‘go in’, from in- ‘into’ + ire ‘go’.


word: INITIALIZATION
russian_word: инициализация
example: when initialization is complete the image on the left is what you'll see immediately
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnɪʃ(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnɪʃ(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the preparation of a computer or similar device for operation, in which diagnostic tests are run and the operating system is loaded.


word: INITIALIZE
russian_word: инициализировать
example: the counter is initialized to one
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)lʌɪz
definition:
set to the value or put in the condition appropriate to the start of an operation.|format (a computer disk).


word: INITIALLY
russian_word: первоначально
example: initially, he thought the new concept was nonsense
definition: at first.
antonyms: finally|in the end
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)li
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)li
synonyms:
at first|at the start|at the outset|in/at the beginning|to begin with|to start with|originally|in the early stages|in the first instance


word: INITIATE
russian_word: инициировать
antonyms: complete|finish
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
he proposes to initiate discussions on planning procedures|she had been formally initiated into the movement

definition:
cause (a process or action) to begin.|admit (someone) into a secret or obscure society or group, typically with a ritual.

synonyms:
begin|start off|commence|take action on|usher in|institute|inaugurate|put in place|launch|open|instigate|bring about|get under way|set in motion|trigger off|actuate|establish|set up|lay the foundations of|lay the first stone of|lay the cornerstone of|sow the seeds of|start the ball rolling|originate|pioneer|get cracking on|get going on|kick off

phonetic:
mid 16th century (in initiate (sense 2 of the verb)): from Latin initiat- ‘begun’, from the verb initiare, from initium ‘beginning’.


word: INITIATION
russian_word: инициирование
example: rituals of initiation|the initiation of criminal proceedings
antonyms: completion|finish|expulsion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˌnɪʃɪˈeɪʃn
phonetics_text: ɪˌnɪʃɪˈeɪʃn
definition:
the action of admitting someone into a secret or obscure society or group, typically with a ritual.|the action of beginning something.

synonyms:
beginning|starting|commencement|institution|inauguration|launch|opening|instigation|actuation|origination|devising|inception|establishment|setting up|kick-off|induction|introduction|admission|admittance|installation|incorporation|ordination|investiture|investment|enlistment|enrolment|recruitment|baptism


word: INITIATIVE
russian_word: инициатива
antonyms: unimaginativeness
origin: late 18th century: from French, from Latin initiare, from initium ‘beginning’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈnɪʃətɪv
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɪʃətɪv
example:
use your initiative, imagination, and common sense|anti-hunting groups have seized the initiative in the dispute|a new initiative against car crime

definition:
the ability to assess and initiate things independently.|the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do.|an act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something.|(especially in Switzerland and some US states) the right of citizens outside the legislature to originate legislation.

synonyms:
enterprise|inventiveness|resourcefulness|capability|imagination|imaginativeness|ingenuity|originality|creativity|drive|dynamism|ambition|ambitiousness|motivation|spirit|verve|dash|energy|vitality|vigour|leadership|vision|get-up-and-go|zing|push|pep|zip|punch|pizzazz


word: IN ITS ENTIRETY
russian_word: в целом
example: the poem is too long to quote in its entirety here
definition: as a whole; completely.
antonyms: in part
synonyms:
completely|entirely|totally|fully|wholly|in every respect|in every way|in all respects|lock|stock|and barrel|one hundred per cent|from beginning to end|alpha and omega|all the way|every inch|to the hilt|to the core


word: INJECT
russian_word: вводить
synonyms: administer|introduce|administer a drug to|inoculate|vaccinate|shoot|shoot up|mainline|fix (up)|pop
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈdʒɛkt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈdʒɛkt
example:
the doctor injected a painkilling drug|inject the foam and allow it to expand|she tried to inject scorn into her tone|many meteoroids are injected into hyperbolic orbits

definition:
introduce (a liquid, especially a drug or vaccine) into the body with a syringe.|introduce (something) under pressure into a passage, cavity, or solid material.|introduce (a new or different element) into something.|place (a spacecraft or other object) into an orbit or trajectory.

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘throw or cast on something’): from Latin inject- ‘thrown in’, from the verb inicere, from in- ‘into’ + jacere ‘throw’.


word: INJECTION
russian_word: впрыск
example: painkilling injections
origin: late Middle English: from Latin injectio(n- ), from the verb inicere (see inject).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
definition:
an instance of injecting or being injected.|the entry or placing of a spacecraft or other object into an orbit or trajectory.|a one-to-one mapping.

synonyms:
inoculation|vaccination|vaccine|immunization|booster|dose|jab|shot|hype|fix|hit|pop|administration|introduction


word: INJUDICIOUS
russian_word: неразумный
example: I took a few injudicious swigs of potent cider
definition: showing very poor judgement; unwise.
antonyms: judicious|prudent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪndʒʊˈdɪʃəs
phonetics_text: ɪndʒʊˈdɪʃəs
synonyms:
imprudent|unwise|inadvisable|ill-advised|misguided|ill-considered|ill-judged|incautious|hasty|rash|spur-of-the-moment|unguarded|foolish|foolhardy|hare-brained|hot-headed|indiscreet|tactless|inappropriate|unsuitable|wrong|wrong-headed|impolitic|inexpedient|undesirable|dumb


word: INJUNCTION
russian_word: предписание
definition: an authoritative warning or order.
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin injunctio(n- ), from Latin injungere ‘enjoin, impose’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
order|ruling|direction|directive|command|instruction|demand|decree|edict|prescription|dictum|dictate|fiat|mandate|ordainment|enjoinment|exhortation|admonition|precept|ultimatum|ukase|monition|firman|decretal|irade


word: INJURE
russian_word: ранить
example: the explosion injured several people|a libel calculated to injure the company's reputation
definition: do physical harm or damage to (someone).|harm or impair (something).
antonyms: heal
origin: late Middle English: back-formation from injury.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪndʒə
phonetics_text: ˈɪndʒə
synonyms:
hurt|wound|harm|damage|disable|maim|mutilate|deform|mangle|crush|shatter|smash|break|do mischief to|knacker|scathe


word: INJURED
russian_word: пострадавший
example: a road accident left him severely injured|his injured pride
definition: harmed, damaged, or impaired.|offended.
antonyms: healthy|fit
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪndʒəd
phonetics_text: ˈɪndʒəd
synonyms:
hurt|wounded|harmed|sore|damaged|bruised|on the sick list|disabled|maimed|mutilated|deformed|mangled|crushed|shattered|smashed|broken|fractured|knackered|gammy|crook|game


word: INJURIOUS
russian_word: вредный
example: food which is injurious to health
definition: causing or likely to cause damage or harm.
antonyms: favourable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈdʒʊərɪəs
phonetics_text: ɪnˈdʒʊərɪəs
synonyms:
harmful|damaging|deleterious|detrimental|hurtful|dangerous|disadvantageous|unfavourable|undesirable|adverse|inimical|unhealthy|unwholesome|environmentally unfriendly|destructive|pernicious|malignant|malefic|maleficent

origin:
late Middle English: from French injurieux or Latin injuriosus, from injuria ‘a wrong’ (see injury).


word: INJURY
russian_word: травма
example: she suffered an injury to her back|compensation for injury to feelings
definition: an instance of being injured.|damage to a person's feelings.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪn(d)ʒ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈɪn(d)ʒ(ə)ri
synonyms:
wound|bruise|cut|gash|tear|rent|slash|gouge|scratch|graze|laceration|abrasion|contusion|lesion|sore|trauma

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French injurie, from Latin injuria ‘a wrong’, from in- (expressing negation) + jus, jur- ‘right’.


word: INK
russian_word: чернила
example: the names are written in ink
definition: a coloured fluid or paste used for writing, drawing, printing, or duplicating.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ɪŋk
phonetics_text: ɪŋk
origin:
Middle English enke, inke, from Old French enque, via late Latin from Greek enkauston, denoting the purple ink used by Roman emperors for signatures, from enkaiein ‘burn in’.


word: INKLE
russian_word: тесьма
origin: mid 16th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪŋk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɪŋk(ə)l
definition:
a kind of linen tape formerly used to make laces, or the linen yarn from which this is manufactured.


word: INKLING
russian_word: намек
example: the records give us an inkling of how people saw the world
definition: a slight knowledge or suspicion; a hint.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪŋklɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɪŋklɪŋ
synonyms:
idea|vague idea|notion|glimmering|sense|impression|suggestion|indication|whisper|suspicion|sneaking suspicion|fancy|hunch|knowledge|slight knowledge|hint|clue|intimation|sign|pointer|insinuation|innuendo

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘a mention in an undertone, a hint’): from the rare verb inkle ‘utter in an undertone’, of unknown origin.


word: INKY
russian_word: чернильный
example: the cold inky blackness of a Mexican cave|bureaucrats with inky fingers
definition: as dark as ink.|stained with ink.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪŋki
phonetics_text: ˈɪŋki
synonyms:
black|jet black|jet|pitch black|pitch dark|pitch|black as pitch|coal black|black as night|sable|ebony|dark|Stygian|Cimmerian


word: INLAY
russian_word: декор
example: mahogany panelling inlaid with rosewood
definition: ornament (an object) by embedding pieces of a different material in it, flush with its surface.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘lay something in a place in order to hide or preserve it’): from in-2 ‘into’ + lay1.


word: INLET
russian_word: на входе
example: an air inlet
antonyms: outlet
synonyms: arm of the sea|cove|bay|bight|creek|estuary|fjord|sound|voe|firth|sea loch|ria|fleet|armlet
origin: Middle English (denoting admission): from in + the verb let1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnlɛt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnlɛt
definition:
a small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river.|a place or means of entry.|(chiefly in tailoring and dressmaking) a piece of material inserted into a garment.


word: INMATE
russian_word: заключенный
example: inmates of the Louisiana State Penitentiary
definition: a person confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnmeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnmeɪt
synonyms:
patient|inpatient|hospital case|convalescent|resident|inhabitant|occupant|prisoner|convict|captive|detainee|internee|jailbird|con|lag|yardbird

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a person who shared a house, specifically a lodger or subtenant): probably originally from inn + mate1, later associated with in.


word: IN MODERATION
russian_word: умеренно
example: nuts can be eaten in moderation
definition: within reasonable limits; not to excess.
synonyms:
in moderate quantities|in moderate amounts|within reasonable limits|within sensible limits|within limits|within bounds|within due limits|moderately|up to a point


word: INMOST
russian_word: глубочайший
definition: innermost.
origin: Old English innemest (see in, -most).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnməʊst
phonetics_text: ˈɪnməʊst
synonyms:
innermost|deepest|deep|deep-seated|profound|inward|underlying|intimate|private|personal|secret|hidden|veiled|masked|concealed|unexpressed|unrevealed|unapparent|true|real|honest|bottled up


word: INN
russian_word: гостиница
example: the Swan Inn
definition: a pub, typically one in the country, in some cases providing accommodation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪn
phonetics_text: ɪn
synonyms:
tavern|bar|hostelry|taproom|hotel|guest house|pub|public house|howff|beer parlour|watering hole|alehouse|pot-house|taphouse|beerhouse

origin:
Old English (in the sense ‘dwelling place, lodging’): of Germanic origin; related to in. In Middle English the word was used to translate Latin hospitium (see hospice), denoting a house of residence for students: this sense is preserved in the names of some buildings formerly used for this purpose, notably Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn, two of the Inns of Court (see Inn of Court). The current sense dates from late Middle English.


word: INNATE
russian_word: врожденный
example: her innate capacity for organization
definition: inborn; natural.
antonyms: acquired
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈneɪt
phonetics_text: ɪˈneɪt|ˈɪneɪt
synonyms:
inborn|natural|inbred|congenital|inherent|intrinsic|instinctive|intuitive|spontaneous|unlearned|untaught|hereditary|inherited|in the blood|in the family|quintessential|organic|essential|basic|fundamental|constitutional|built-in|inbuilt|ingrown|deep-rooted|deep-seated|connate|connatural

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin innatus, past participle of innasci, from in- ‘into’ + nasci ‘be born’.


word: INNERMOST
russian_word: глубочайший
example: innermost beliefs and convictions|the innermost layer
definition: (of thoughts or feelings) most private and deeply felt.|furthest in; closest to the centre.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnəməʊst
phonetics_text: ˈɪnəməʊst
synonyms:
deepest|deep|deep-seated|profound|inward|underlying|intimate|private|personal|secret|hidden|veiled|masked|concealed|unexpressed|unrevealed|unapparent|true|real|honest|bottled up


word: INNING
russian_word: подача
definition: each division of a game during which both sides have a turn at batting.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɪnɪŋ
origin:
Old English innung  ‘a putting or getting in’, related to in. The current sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: INNINGS
russian_word: период нахождения у власти
example: the highlight of the Surrey innings|Brewer stepped up to the commission and had his innings too
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnɪŋz
phonetics_text: ˈɪnɪŋz
definition:
each of two or four divisions of a game during which one side has a turn at batting.|a period during which a person or group is active or effective.


word: INNKEEPER
russian_word: трактирщик
definition: a person who runs an inn.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnkiːpə
phonetics_text: ˈɪnkiːpə
synonyms:
landlord|landlady|hotelier|hotel owner|hotel keeper|proprietor|manager|manageress|host|publican|pub owner|licensee|barman|barmaid|barperson|barkeeper|restaurateur|alewife


word: INNOCENCE
russian_word: невинность
example: they must prove their innocence
definition: the state, quality, or fact of being innocent of a crime or offence.
antonyms: guilt
synonyms: guiltlessness|blamelessness|freedom from guilt|freedom from blame|irreproachability|clean hands
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnəsəns
phonetics_text: ˈɪnəsəns
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin innocentia, from innocent- ‘not harming’ (based on nocere ‘injure’).


word: INNOCENT
russian_word: невинный
example: the prisoners were later found innocent|an innocent bystander|an innocent child|an innocent mistake
antonyms: guilty
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɪnəs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnəs(ə)nt
definition:
not guilty of a crime or offence.|not responsible for or directly involved in an event yet suffering its consequences.|free from moral wrong; not corrupted.|not involving or intended to cause harm or offence; harmless.

synonyms:
guiltless|guilt-free|not guilty|blameless|not to blame|in the clear|unimpeachable|irreproachable|above suspicion|beyond criticism|without fault|faultless|honourable|honest|upright|upstanding|law-abiding|incorrupt|squeaky clean

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin innocent- ‘not harming’, from in- ‘not’ + nocere ‘to hurt’.


word: INNOCENTLY
russian_word: невиновно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɪnəs(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈɪnəs(ə)ntli
example:
the lawyer says that his client was acting innocently|he was shot at through a window while innocently walking past the house|a charming tale with children innocently singing the chorus|my cab driver innocently asked me what I did for a living

definition:
without guilt for a crime or offence.|without responsibility for or direct involvement in an event yet suffering its consequences.|in a manner that is uncorrupted or free from moral wrong.|with no intention of causing harm or offence.


word: INNOCUOUS
russian_word: безобидный
example: it was an innocuous question
definition: not harmful or offensive.
antonyms: harmful|obnoxious
origin: late 16th century: from Latin innocuus, from in- ‘not’ + nocuus ‘injurious’ (see nocuous).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnɒkjʊəs
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɒkjʊəs
synonyms:
harmless|safe|non-dangerous|non-poisonous|non-toxic|non-irritant|non-injurious|innocent|edible|eatable|wholesome|innoxious|inoffensive|unobjectionable|unexceptionable|unoffending|mild|peaceful|gentle|tame|insipid|anodyne|bland|unremarkable|commonplace|run-of-the-mill


word: INNOMINATE
russian_word: безымянный
definition: not named or classified.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnɒmɪnət
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɒmɪnət
origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin innominatus, from in- ‘not’ + nominatus ‘named’ (past participle of nominare ).


word: INNOVATE
russian_word: вводить новшества
example: the company's failure to diversify and innovate competitively
definition: make changes in something established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪnəveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnəveɪt
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin innovat- ‘renewed, altered’, from the verb innovare, from in- ‘into’ + novare ‘make new’ (from novus ‘new’).


word: INNOVATION
russian_word: нововведение
example: innovation is crucial to the continuing success of any organization
definition: the action or process of innovating.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin innovatio(n- ), from the verb innovare (see innovate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
change|alteration|revolution|upheaval|transformation|metamorphosis|reorganization|restructuring|rearrangement|recasting|remodelling|renovation|restyling|variation|new measures|new methods|new devices|novelty|newness|unconventionality|modernization|modernism|a break with tradition|a shift of emphasis|a departure|a change of direction|a shake up|a shakedown|transmogrification


word: INNOVATOR
russian_word: новатор
example: he was one of the great innovators in jazz
definition: a person who introduces new methods, ideas, or products.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnəveɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈɪnəveɪtə
synonyms:
pioneer|developer|groundbreaker|trailblazer|pathfinder|front runner|spearhead|prime mover|modernizer|reformer|reformist|progressive|progressivist|experimenter|inventor|creator|neoteric


word: INNUENDO
russian_word: инсинуация
example: she's always making sly innuendoes
definition: an allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnjʊˈɛndəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌɪnjʊˈɛndəʊ
synonyms:
insinuation|implication|hint|suggestion|intimation|overtone|undertone|whisper|allusion|nuance|reference|imputation|aspersion|slur

origin:
mid 16th century (as an adverb in the sense ‘that is to say, to wit’, used in legal documents to introduce an explanation): Latin, ‘by nodding at, by pointing to’, ablative gerund of innuere, from in- ‘towards’ + nuere ‘to nod’. The noun dates from the late 17th century.


word: INNUMERABLE
russian_word: неисчислимый
example: innumerable flags of all colours
definition: too many to be counted (often used hyperbolically).
antonyms: few
origin: Middle English: from Latin innumerabilis, from in- ‘not’ + numerabilis (see numerable).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnjuːm(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈnjuːm(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
countless|numerous|very many|manifold|multitudinous|multifarious|untold|incalculable|numberless|unnumbered|beyond number|a great number of|incalculable numbers of|endless numbers of|a multitude of|a multiplicity of|a raft of|more than one can count|too many to be counted|umpteen|masses of|oodles of|no end of|loads of|stacks of|heaps of|bags of|zillions of|a slew of|a whole bunch of|gazillions of|bazillions of|lank|myriad|legion|divers|innumerous|unnumberable


word: INOBSERVANCE
russian_word: несоблюдение
definition: failure to observe or notice; inattention.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnəbˈzəːv(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnəbˈzəːv(ə)ns
origin:
early 17th century: from French, or from Latin inobservantia, from in- (expressing negation) + observantia ‘observance’ (from observare ‘observe’).


word: INOCULATE
russian_word: прививать
example: he inoculated his tenants against smallpox
definition: treat with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease; vaccinate.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪˈnɒkjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɒkjʊleɪt
synonyms:
immunize|vaccinate|inject|protect from|shield from|safeguard from|give someone a jab|give someone a shot

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘graft a bud or shoot into a different plant’): from Latin inoculat- ‘engrafted’, from the verb inoculare, from in- ‘into’ + oculus ‘eye, bud’. The sense ‘vaccinate’ dates from the early 18th century.


word: INOCULUM
russian_word: прививочный материал
definition: a substance used for inoculation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈnɒkjʊləm
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɒkjʊləm
origin:
early 20th century: modern Latin, from Latin inoculare (see inoculate), on the pattern of the pair coagulate, coagulum .


word: INODOROUS
russian_word: без запаха
definition: having no smell; odourless.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈəʊd(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ɪnˈəʊd(ə)rəs
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin inodorus, from in- ‘not’ + odorus ‘odorous’, or from in-1 ‘not’ + odorous.


word: INOFFENSIVE
russian_word: безобидный
example: a shy, inoffensive, and sensitive girl
definition: not objectionable or harmful.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnəˈfɛnsɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnəˈfɛnsɪv
synonyms:
harmless|innocuous|unobjectionable|unexceptionable|unoffending|non-aggressive|non-violent|non-combative|mild|peaceful|peaceable|gentle|tame|innocent|unremarkable


word: INOPERABLE
russian_word: неоперабельный
example: inoperable cancer|the airfield was bombed and made inoperable|the procedures were inoperable
definition: not able to be suitably operated on.|not able to be used.|not able to be implemented; impractical.
antonyms: operable|curable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈɒp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈɒp(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
untreatable|incurable|beyond cure|beyond surgery|irremediable|malignant|terminal|fatal|deadly|lethal|mortal|immedicable


word: INOPERATIVE
russian_word: недействующий
example: the Act may be rendered inoperative
definition: not working or taking effect.
antonyms: operative|working|valid
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈɒp(ə)rətɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈɒp(ə)rətɪv
synonyms:
not working|not in working order|not functioning|broken|broken-down|out of order|out of service|out of commission|acting up|unserviceable|faulty|defective|non-functional|in disrepair|down|conked out|bust|(gone) kaput|gone phut|on the blink|gone haywire|shot|knackered|jiggered|wonky|on the fritz|out of whack|void|null and void|nullified|ineffective|invalid|cancelled|revoked|rescinded|terminated|discontinued|not binding|not in force|non-viable|worthless|useless|valueless|vain|pointless|nugatory|futile|unproductive|abortive|buggered


word: INOPPORTUNE
russian_word: неподходящий
example: a storm blew up at an inopportune moment
definition: occurring at an inconvenient or inappropriate time.
antonyms: opportune|convenient
origin: early 16th century: from Latin inopportunus, from in- ‘not’ + opportunus (see opportune).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈɒpətjuːn
phonetics_text: ɪnˈɒpətjuːn|ˌɪnɒpəˈtjuːn
synonyms:
inconvenient|untimely|ill-timed|badly timed|mistimed|inappropriate|unsuitable|inapt|ill-chosen|infelicitous|unfavourable|unfortunate|unpropitious|inauspicious|inexpedient|disadvantageous|awkward|difficult|troublesome|bothersome|problematic|disruptive|disturbing|unseasonable


word: IN ORDER
russian_word: исправный
example:
list the points you intend to cover and put them in order|it is the liquidator's task to put the affairs of the company in order|surely it is in order for members to put various policy options to the Prime Minister?

definition:
according to a particular sequence.|in the correct condition for operation or use.|in accordance with the rules of procedure at a meeting, legislative assembly, etc.

synonyms:
in sequence|in alphabetical order|in numerical order|in order of priority|in order of merit|in order of seniority


word: INORDINATE
russian_word: чрезмерный
example: the case had taken up an inordinate amount of time
antonyms: moderate|limited
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈnɔːdɪnət
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɔːdɪnət
definition:
unusually or disproportionately large; excessive.|(of a person) unrestrained in feelings or behaviour.

synonyms:
excessive|undue|unreasonable|unjustifiable|unwarrantable|disproportionate|out of all proportion|unconscionable|unwarranted|unnecessary|needless|uncalled for|exorbitant|extreme|outrageous|preposterous|immoderate|overabundant|superfluous|extravagant|unrestrained|unrestricted|unlimited|over the top|OTT

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin inordinatus, from in- ‘not’ + ordinatus ‘arranged, set in order’ (past participle of ordinare ).


word: INORGANIC
russian_word: неорганический
antonyms: organic
synonyms: inanimate|not living|lifeless|dead|defunct|extinct|inert|not natural|not organic|mineral|man-made
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnɔːˈɡanɪk
phonetics_text: ɪnɔːˈɡanɪk
definition:
not consisting of or deriving from living matter.|relating to or denoting compounds which are not organic (broadly, compounds not containing carbon).|not explainable by the normal processes of etymology.


word: INOSCULATE
russian_word: переплетать
definition: join by intertwining or fitting closely together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪˈnɒskjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ɪˈnɒskjʊleɪt
origin:
late 17th century: from in-2 ‘into’ + Latin osculare ‘provide with a mouth or outlet’ (from osculum, diminutive of os ‘mouth’), on the pattern of Greek anastomoun, in the same sense.


word: INOSINE
russian_word: инозин
origin: early 20th century: from Greek is, in- ‘fibre, muscle’ + -ose2 + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnə(ʊ)siːn
phonetics_text: ˈɪnə(ʊ)siːn
definition:
a compound which is an intermediate in the metabolism of purine and is used in kidney transplantation to provide a temporary source of sugar. It is a nucleoside consisting of hypoxanthine linked to ribose.


word: IN PART
russian_word: частично
example: the cause of the illness is at least in part psychological
definition: to some extent though not entirely.
antonyms: completely
synonyms:
to a certain extent/degree|to a limited extent/degree|to some extent/degree|partly|partially|half|in some measure|relatively|comparatively|moderately|(up) to a point|a little|somewhat|not totally|not wholly|not entirely|not fully|incompletely|slightly|fractionally|ish


word: IN PASSING
russian_word: между прочим
example: the research was mentioned only in passing
definition: briefly and casually.
synonyms:
incidentally|by the by|by the way|as it happens|in the course of conversation|en passant|parenthetically


word: IN PERPETUITY
russian_word: навсегда
example: all the Bonapartes were banished from France in perpetuity
definition: forever.
synonyms:
forever|permanently|for always|for good|for good and all|perpetually|(for) evermore|for ever and ever|for all (future) time|until the end of time|eternally|for eternity|everlastingly|forevermore|for keeps|until hell freezes over|until doomsday|for aye


word: IN PERSON
russian_word: персонально
example: he had to pick up his welfare cheque in person
definition: with the personal presence or action of the individual specified.
synonyms:
physically|in the flesh|personally|bodily|actually|oneself|in propria persona|as large as life|in one's own person


word: IN PLACE OF
russian_word: вместо
example: eat raisins in place of junk food desserts
definition: instead of.
synonyms:
instead of|as an alternative for|rather than|as a substitute for|as a replacement for|in exchange for|in lieu of|in someone's stead


word: IN PRACTICE
russian_word: на практике
example: in theory this method is ideal—in practice it is unrealistic
synonyms: in reality|actually|in real life|realistically|practically|effectively
definition:
in reality (used to refer to what actually happens as opposed to what is meant or believed to happen).|currently proficient in a particular activity or skill as a result of repeated exercise or performance of it.


word: IN PRINCIPLE
russian_word: принципиально
example: the government agreed in principle to a peace plan that included a ceasefire
definition: as a general idea or plan, although the details are not yet established.
synonyms:
in general|on balance|generally|in essence|by and large|on the whole|all in all|in the main|all things considered


word: IN PRIVATE
russian_word: наедине
example: I've got to talk to you in private
definition: with no one else present.
antonyms: in public
synonyms:
in secret|secretly|in secrecy|privately|behind closed doors|in camera|with no one else present|in confidence|confidentially|between ourselves|off the record|sub rosa|entre nous|à huis clos


word: IN PUBLIC
russian_word: открыто
example: men don't cry in public
definition: in view of other people; when others are present.
antonyms: secretly
synonyms:
publicly|openly|in the open|for all to see|undisguisedly|blatantly|flagrantly|brazenly|with no attempt at concealment|overtly|boldly|audaciously|unashamedly|shamelessly|unabashed|wantonly|immodestly|coram populo


word: INPUT
russian_word: вход
example: there is little input from other members of the team|the signal being fed through the main input
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnpʊt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnpʊt
definition:
what is put in, taken in, or operated on by any process or system.|a place where, or a device through which, energy or information enters a system.


word: INQUEST
russian_word: расследование
example: an inquest by New York newspapers into a subway fire
origin: Middle English from Old French enqueste, based on Latin inquirere (see inquire).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnkwɛst
phonetics_text: ˈɪnkwɛst
definition:
a judicial inquiry to ascertain the facts relating to an incident.|a discussion or investigation into something that has happened, especially something undesirable.

synonyms:
inquiry|investigation|inquisition|probe|review|study|survey|analysis|examination|exploration|scrutinization|hearing|case


word: IN QUESTION
russian_word: обсуждаемый
definition: being considered or discussed.|in doubt.
example:
on the day in question, there were several serious emergencies|all of the old certainties are in question

synonyms:
at issue|being discussed|under discussion|under consideration|on the agenda|for debate|to be discussed|to be decided


word: INQUIETUDE
russian_word: беспокойство
definition: physical or mental restlessness or disturbance.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈkwʌɪətjuːd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwʌɪətjuːd
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘disturbance of one's quietness or rest’): from Old French, or from late Latin inquietudo, from Latin inquietus, from in- ‘not’ + quietus ‘quiet’.


word: INQUIRE
russian_word: спрашивать
definition: ask for information from someone.|investigate; look into.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈkwʌɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwʌɪə
example:
he inquired about cottages for sale|the task of political sociology is to inquire into the causes of political events

synonyms:
ask|make inquiries|ask questions|pose a question|request information|want to know|look to someone for answers

origin:
Middle English enquere (later inquere ), from Old French enquerre, from a variant of Latin inquirere, based on quaerere ‘seek’. The spelling with in-, influenced by Latin, dates from the 15th century.


word: INQUIRING
russian_word: пытливый
example: an open, inquiring mind
definition: showing an interest in learning new things.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈkwʌɪərɪŋ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwʌɪərɪŋ
synonyms:
inquisitive|curious|interested|questioning|probing|investigative|analytical|analytic|exploring|searching|scrutinizing|burning with curiosity|dying to know


word: INQUIRY
russian_word: запрос
example: the police were making inquiries in all the neighbouring pubs
definition: an act of asking for information.
origin: late Middle English (as enquery ): from inquire + -y3.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈkwʌɪri
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwʌɪri
synonyms:
question|query|investigation|examination|exploration|probe|search|scrutiny|scrutinization|study|inspection|inquest|hearing


word: INQUISITION
russian_word: инквизиция
example: she relented in her determined inquisition and offered help
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnkwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnkwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a period of prolonged and intensive questioning.|an ecclesiastical tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX c. 1232 for the suppression of heresy. It was active chiefly in northern Italy and southern France, becoming notorious for the use of torture. In 1542 the papal Inquisition was revived to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.

synonyms:
interrogation|questioning|quizzing|cross-examination|cross-questioning|catechism|investigation|inquiry|inquest|fact-finding|grilling|pumping|examination

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a searching examination): via Old French from Latin inquisitio(n- ) ‘examination’, from the verb inquirere (see inquire).


word: INQUISITIVE
russian_word: любознательный
example: his poems reveal an intensely inquisitive mind
definition: having or showing an interest in learning things; curious.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French inquisitif, -ive, from late Latin inquisitivus, from the verb inquirere (see inquire).


word: INQUISITOR
russian_word: инквизитор
example: the professional inquisitors of the press
definition: a person making an inquiry, especially one seen to be excessively harsh or searching.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈkwɪzɪtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwɪzɪtə
origin:
late Middle English: from French inquisiteur, from Latin inquisitor, from the verb inquirere (see inquire).


word: INQUISITORIAL
russian_word: инквизиционный
example: he was questioning her in a cold, inquisitorial voice
definition: of or like an inquisitor, especially in questioning someone in a harsh or intensive manner.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˌkwɪzɪˈtɔːrɪəl
phonetics_text: ɪnˌkwɪzɪˈtɔːrɪəl
origin:
mid 18th century: from medieval Latin inquisitorius (from Latin inquisitor, from inquirere ‘inquire’) + -al.


word: INQUORATE
russian_word: кворума
example: they had boycotted the debate, leaving the house inquorate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈkwɔːrət
phonetics_text: ɪnˈkwɔːrət|ɪnˈkwɔːreɪt
definition:
(of an assembly) unable to proceed effectively because not enough members are present to make up a quorum.


word: IN REALITY
russian_word: на самом деле
example: she had believed she could control these feelings, but in reality that was not so easy
definition:
in actual fact (used to contrast a false idea of what is true or possible with one that is more accurate).

synonyms:
in fact|in actual fact|in point of fact|as a matter of fact|actually|really|in truth|if truth be told|in practice|in sooth


word: IN REFERENCE TO
russian_word: относительно
example: I assume this to be in reference to an incident that occurred in mid 2003
definition: in relation to; as regards.
synonyms:
apropos|with regard to|regarding|as regards|with respect to|on the subject of|in the matter of|re|in relation to|relating to|in connection with


word: IN RESPECT OF
russian_word: что касается
example: a difficult question arises in respect of this contract
definition: as regards; with reference to.
synonyms:
concerning|regarding|as regards|in/with regard to|with reference to|relating to|respecting|as for|as to|re|about|apropos|on the subject of|in the matter of|in connection with|vis-à-vis|in re


word: INRO
russian_word: инро
origin: early 17th century: from Japanese inrō, from in ‘seal’ + rō ‘basket’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnrəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈɪnrəʊ
definition:
an ornamental box with compartments for items such as seals and medicines, worn suspended from a girdle as part of traditional Japanese dress.


word: INROAD
russian_word: нашествие
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnrəʊd
phonetics_text: ˈɪnrəʊd
example:
the firm is beginning to make inroads into the UK market|the inroads and cross-border raiding of the Grahams

definition:
an instance of something being encroached on or reduced by something else.|a hostile attack; a raid.

origin:
mid 16th century (in inroad (sense 2 of the noun)): from in + road (from an early use in the sense ‘riding’).


word: INSALUBRIOUS
russian_word: вредный для здоровья
example: a poor area full of insalubrious hotels
definition: (of a place) seedy and run-down; unwholesome.
antonyms: salubrious|smart
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin insalubris (from in- ‘not’ + salubris ‘salubrious’) + -ous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪnsəˈluːbrɪəs
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsəˈluːbrɪəs
synonyms:
seedy|unsavoury|sordid|seamy|sleazy|unpleasant|dingy|mean|wretched|dismal|slummy|slumlike|squalid|shabby|ramshackle|tumbledown|run down|down at heel|dilapidated|neglected|uncared-for|unmaintained|crumbling|decaying|gone to rack and ruin|scruffy|scuzzy|crummy|grungy|shambly|grotty|shacky|skanky


word: INSANE
russian_word: безумный
example: he had gone insane|they were making insane amounts of money
antonyms: sane
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin insanus, from in- ‘not’ + sanus ‘healthy’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈseɪn
phonetics_text: ɪnˈseɪn
definition:
in a state of mind which prevents normal perception, behaviour, or social interaction; seriously mentally ill.|shocking; outrageous.

synonyms:
mentally ill|severely mentally disordered|of unsound mind|certifiable|psychotic|schizophrenic|mad|mad as a hatter|mad as a March hare|deranged|demented|out of one's mind|out of one's head|not in one's right mind|sick in the head|unhinged|unbalanced|unstable|disturbed|crazed|crazy|hysterical|non compos mentis|sectionable|raving mad|stark raving mad|not all there|bonkers|cracked|bats|cuckoo|loony|loopy|nuts|nutty|nutty as a fruitcake|screwy|bananas|off one's rocker|off one's head|off one's chump|off one's nut|off the wall|round the bend|crackers|barmy|batty|barking|barking mad|stark staring mad|off one's trolley|round the twist|as daft as a brush|not the full shilling|away with the fairies|buggy|nutsy|nutso|out of one's tree|wacko|squirrelly|bushed|porangi


word: INSANITARY
russian_word: антисанитарный
example: insanitary conditions
definition: so dirty or germ-ridden as to be a danger to health.
antonyms: sanitary|hygienic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsanɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsanɪt(ə)ri
synonyms:
unhygienic|unsanitary|dirty|filthy|unclean|impure|contaminated|polluted|foul|feculent|infected|infested|germ-ridden|disease-ridden|unhealthy|insalubrious|unwholesome|deleterious|detrimental|harmful|germy


word: INSANITY
russian_word: безумие
example: he suffered from bouts of insanity
definition: the state of being seriously mentally ill; madness.
antonyms: sanity
origin: late 16th century: from Latin insanitas, from insanus (see insane).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsanəti
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsanəti
synonyms:
mental illness|mental disorder|mental derangement|madness|insaneness|dementia|dementedness|lunacy|instability|unsoundness of mind|loss of reason|delirium|hysteria|mania|psychosis|craziness|crazedness|deliration


word: INSATIABLE
russian_word: ненасытный
example: an insatiable hunger for success
definition: (of an appetite or desire) impossible to satisfy.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈseɪʃəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈseɪʃəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French insaciable or Latin insatiabilis, from in- ‘not’ + satiare ‘fill, satisfy’ (see satiate).


word: INSATIATE
russian_word: ненасытный
example: your strong desire is insatiate
definition: never satisfied.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈseɪʃɪət
phonetics_text: ɪnˈseɪʃɪət
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin insatiatus, from in- ‘not’ + satiatus ‘filled, satisfied’, past participle of satiare (see satiate).


word: INSCRIBE
russian_word: вписывать
origin: late Middle English: from Latin inscribere, from in- ‘into’ + scribere ‘write’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈskrʌɪb
phonetics_text: ɪnˈskrʌɪb
example:
his name was inscribed on the new silver trophy|a regular polygon inscribed in a circle|the loan agents claimed a commission on inscribing the stock

definition:
write or carve (words or symbols) on something, especially as a formal or permanent record.|draw (a figure) within another so that their boundaries touch but do not intersect.|issue (loan stock) in the form of shares whose holders are listed in a register rather than issued with certificates.

synonyms:
carve|write|engrave|etch|cut|chisel|chase|score|incise|imprint|stamp|impress|deboss|mark|brand|scotch


word: INSCRIBED
russian_word: вписанный
example: an inscribed watch|people bought inscribed stock instead of transferring money
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈskrʌɪbd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈskrʌɪbd
definition:
(of a surface or object) marked with characters.|(of loan stock) issued in the form of shares whose holders are listed in a register rather than issued with certificates.


word: INSCRIPTION
russian_word: надпись
example: the inscription on her headstone
definition: a thing inscribed, as on a monument or in a book.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
engraving|wording|writing|lettering|legend|epitaph|epigraph|etching|carving|words|dedication|address|message|signature|autograph

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a short descriptive or dedicatory passage at the beginning of a book): from Latin inscriptio(n- ), from the verb inscribere (see inscribe).


word: INSCRUTABLE
russian_word: непостижимый
example: Guy looked blankly inscrutable
definition: impossible to understand or interpret.
antonyms: expressive|transparent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈskruːtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈskruːtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
enigmatic|unreadable|impenetrable|mysterious|impossible to interpret|cryptic|unexpressive|inexpressive|emotionless|unemotional|expressionless|impassive|blank|vacant|deadpan|dispassionate|poker-faced|inexplicable|unexplainable|incomprehensible|beyond comprehension|beyond understanding|impossible to understand|unintelligible|unfathomable|fathomless|opaque|puzzling|perplexing|baffling|bewildering|confusing|abstruse|arcane|obscure|sibylline|wildering

origin:
late Middle English: from ecclesiastical Latin inscrutabilis, from in- ‘not’ + scrutari ‘to search’ (see scrutiny).


word: IN SECRET
russian_word: по секрету
definition: without others knowing.
antonyms: openly
synonyms:
secretly|without anyone knowing|in private|privately|in confidence|confidentially|behind closed doors|behind the scenes|behind someone's back|under cover|under the counter|discreetly|unobserved|quietly|furtively|stealthily|on the sly|on the quiet|privily|conspiratorially|covertly|clandestinely|on the side|sub rosa|in camera|on the q.t.


word: INSECT
russian_word: насекомое
example: insect pests
definition: a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnsɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsɛkt
origin:
early 17th century (originally denoting any small cold-blooded creature with a segmented body): from Latin (animal) insectum ‘segmented (animal)’ (translating Greek zōion entomon ), from insecare ‘cut up or into’, from in- ‘into’ + secare ‘to cut’.


word: INSECTIVORE
russian_word: насекомоядное
definition: an animal that feeds on insects, worms, and other invertebrates.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛktɪvɔː
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛktɪvɔː
origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin insectivorus, from insectum (see insect) + -vorus ‘devouring’, on the pattern of Latin carnivorus ‘carnivorous’.


word: INSECURE
russian_word: небезопасный
example: an insecure footbridge|a rather gauche, insecure young man
antonyms: confident
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə|ˌɪnsɪˈkjɔː
definition:
not firm or fixed; liable to give way or break.|(of a person) uncertain or anxious about oneself; not confident.

synonyms:
unconfident|lacking confidence|lacking self-confidence|not self-assured|diffident|self-effacing|self-conscious|unforthcoming|uncertain|unsure|doubtful|self-doubting|hesitant|unassertive|retiring|shrinking|shy|timid|timorous|meek|passive|inhibited|introverted|anxious|fearful|apprehensive|worried|ill at ease|mousy

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin insecurus ‘unsafe’, from in- ‘not’ + Latin securus ‘free from care’, or from in-1 ‘not’ + secure.


word: INSECURITY
russian_word: отсутствие безопасности
example: she had a deep sense of insecurity|growing job insecurity
antonyms: secure|stable
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnsɪˈkjɔːrɪti
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsɪˈkjɔːrɪti|ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊərɪti
definition:
uncertainty or anxiety about oneself; lack of confidence.|the state of being open to danger or threat; lack of protection.

synonyms:
lack of confidence|lack of self-confidence|self-doubt|diffidence|unassertiveness|humility|humbleness|meekness|timidity|timidness|timorousness|uncertainty|nervousness|hesitancy|inhibition|self-consciousness|anxiety|apprehension|worry|unease|uneasiness|vulnerability|defencelessness|unguardedness|lack of protection|perilousness|peril|danger|riskiness|instability|fragility|frailty|shakiness|rockiness|unsteadiness|unreliability|tenuousness|chanciness|iffiness|dodginess


word: INSEMINATE
russian_word: оплодотворять
example: the mares are inseminated when they are at their most receptive
definition: introduce semen into (a woman or a female animal) by natural or artificial means.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛmɪneɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛmɪneɪt
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin inseminat- ‘sown’, from the verb inseminare, from in- ‘into’ + seminare ‘plant, sow’ (from semen, semin- ‘seed, semen’).


word: INSENSATE
russian_word: бесчувственный
example: a patient who was permanently unconscious and insensate|insensate jabbering
definition: lacking physical sensation.|completely lacking sense or reason.
antonyms: conscious|responsive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛnseɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛnseɪt|ɪnˈsɛnsət
synonyms:
unconscious|insensible|senseless|insentient|comatose|knocked out|passed out|blacked out|inert|stupefied|stunned|numb|benumbed|numbed|lacking feeling|lacking sensation|out|out cold|out for the count|out of it|zonked (out)|dead to the world|spark out|soporose|soporous

origin:
late 15th century: from ecclesiastical Latin insensatus, from in- ‘not’ + sensatus ‘having senses’ (see sensate).


word: INSENSIBILITY
russian_word: нечувствительность
definition: unconsciousness.|lack of awareness or concern; indifference.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti
example:
he drank until he was in a state of total insensibility|your insensibility to the extreme importance of the mission we are on

origin:
late Middle English: partly from Old French insensibilite or late Latin insensibilitas (from in- ‘not’ + Latin sensibilis ‘sensible’, from sensus ‘sense’), partly from in-1 ‘without’ + sensibility.


word: INSENSIBLE
russian_word: бесчувственный
antonyms: conscious|responsive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛnsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛnsɪb(ə)l
example:
they knocked each other insensible with their fists|they slept on, insensible to the headlight beams|varying by insensible degrees

definition:
without one's mental faculties, typically as a result of injury or intoxication; unconscious.|unaware of or indifferent to.|too small or gradual to be perceived; inappreciable.

synonyms:
unconscious|insensate|senseless|insentient|comatose|knocked out|passed out|blacked out|inert|stupefied|stunned|numb|benumbed|numbed|lacking feeling|lacking sensation|out|out cold|out for the count|out of it|zonked (out)|dead to the world|spark out|soporose|soporous

origin:
late Middle English (also in the senses ‘unable to be perceived’ and ‘incapable of physical sensation’): partly from Old French insensible (from Latin insensibilis, from in- ‘not’ + sensibilis, from sensus ‘sense’), partly from in-1 ‘not’ + sensible.


word: INSENSITIVE
russian_word: нечувствительный
example: an insensitive remark|she was remarkably insensitive to pain
definition: showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.|not sensitive to a physical sensation.
antonyms: sensitive|compassionate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv
synonyms:
heartless|unfeeling|inconsiderate|thoughtless|thick-skinned|hard-hearted|stony-hearted|cold-hearted|cold-blooded|with a heart of stone|as hard as nails|lacking compassion|compassionless|uncaring|unconcerned|unsympathetic|unkind|callous|hard|harsh|cruel|merciless|pitiless|unpitying|uncharitable|inhuman|impervious to|oblivious to|unaware of|unappreciative of|unresponsive to|indifferent to|unaffected by|unmoved by|untouched by|immune to|in the dark about|incognizant of|nescient of


word: INSENTIENT
russian_word: неодушевленный
example: it's arrogant to presume animals to be insentient
definition: incapable of feeling or understanding things; inanimate.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛnʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛnʃ(ə)nt
synonyms:
inanimate|lifeless|inorganic|inert|insensate|lacking physical sensation|unconscious|comatose|anaesthetized|desensitized|numb|stupefied|knocked out|passed out|blacked out|dead to the world|out|out cold|out for the count|out of it|spark out


word: INSEPARABLE
russian_word: неотделимый
example: research and higher education seem inseparable
origin: late Middle English: from Latin inseparabilis, from in- ‘not’ + separabilis (see separable).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l
definition:
unable to be separated or treated separately.|(of a prefix) not used as a separate word or (in German) not separated from the base verb when inflected.

synonyms:
indivisible|indissoluble|inextricable|entangled|ravelled|mixed up|impossible to separate|the same|one and the same


word: IN SERIES
russian_word: последовательно
example: the four field coils are connected in series
definition:
(of a set of batteries or electrical components) arranged so that the current passes through each successively.


word: INSERT
russian_word: вставить
antonyms: take out|extract
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
Claudia inserted her key in the lock|the muscle that raises the wing is inserted on the dorsal surface of the humerus

definition:
place, fit, or push (something) into something else.|(of a muscle or other organ) be attached to a part, especially that which is moved.

synonyms:
put|place|press|push|thrust|slide|slip|load|fit|position|slot|lodge|install|drive|wedge|work|tuck|pop|stick|shove|bung|jam

phonetic:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘include (text) in a piece of writing’): from Latin insert- ‘put in’, from the verb inserere, from in- ‘into’ + serere ‘to join’.


word: INSERTION
russian_word: вставка
synonyms: introduction|introducing|putting|placing|installing|fitting|positioning|lodging|sliding
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsəːʃ(ə)n
example:
he didn't notice the insertion of the envelope into his pocket|omissions and insertions which do not affect the sense|close to the point of leaf insertion

definition:
the action of inserting something.|an amendment or addition inserted in a text.|the place or manner of attachment of an organ.

origin:
mid 16th century (in insertion (sense 2)): from late Latin insertio(n- ), from Latin inserere (see insert).


word: IN SHORT
russian_word: вкратце
example: we hope, in short, to bring theory and practice together in each session
definition: to sum up; briefly.
antonyms: in full
synonyms:
briefly|in a word|in a nutshell|in a few words|in precis|in essence|to cut a long story short|to come to the point|in conclusion|summarizing|in summary|to sum up|in sum


word: INSIDER
russian_word: инсайдер
example: political insiders
antonyms: outsider
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsʌɪdə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsʌɪdə
definition:
a person within a group or organization, especially someone privy to information unavailable to others.

synonyms:
member|staff member|member of staff|worker|employee|representative|participant|person in the know|one of the in-crowd


word: INSIDIOUS
russian_word: коварный
example: sexual harassment is a serious and insidious problem
definition: proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with very harmful effects.
antonyms: straightforward
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪdɪəs
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪdɪəs
synonyms:
stealthy|subtle|surreptitious|sneaking|cunning|crafty|Machiavellian|artful|guileful|sly|wily|tricky|slick|deceitful|deceptive|dishonest|underhand|backhanded|indirect|sneaky

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin insidiosus ‘cunning’, from insidiae ‘an ambush or trick’, from insidere ‘lie in wait for’, from in- ‘on’ + sedere ‘sit’.


word: INSIGHT
russian_word: понимание
example: his mind soared to previously unattainable heights of insight
definition: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep understanding of someone or something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsʌɪt
synonyms:
intuition|perception|awareness|discernment|understanding|comprehension|apprehension|appreciation|cognizance|penetration|acumen|astuteness|perspicacity|perspicaciousness|sagacity|sageness|discrimination|judgement|shrewdness|sharpness|sharp-wittedness|acuity|acuteness|flair|breadth of view|vision|far-sightedness|prescience|imagination|nous|horse sense|savvy|sapience|arguteness

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘inner sight, wisdom’): probably of Scandinavian and Low German origin and related to Swedish insikt, Danish indsigt, Dutch inzicht, and German Einsicht .


word: INSIGHTFUL
russian_word: проницательный
example: thank you for all the insightful comments
definition: having or showing an accurate and deep understanding; perceptive.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnsʌɪtf(ʊ)l
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsʌɪtf(ʊ)l
synonyms:
intuitive|perceptive|discerning|penetrating|penetrative|astute|percipient|perspicacious|sagacious|wise|judicious|shrewd|sharp|sharp-witted|razor-sharp|keen|incisive|acute|imaginative|appreciative|intelligent|thoughtful|sensitive|deep|profound|visionary|far-sighted|prescient|savvy|whip-smart|sapient|argute


word: INSIGNIA
russian_word: эмблема
example: a khaki uniform with colonel's insignia on the collar
definition: a distinguishing badge or emblem of military rank, office, or membership of an organization.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪɡnɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪɡnɪə
synonyms:
badge|crest|emblem|symbol|sign|device|mark|seal|colours|decoration|medal|medallion|pin|ribbon|star|award|fruit salad|gong

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin, plural of insigne ‘sign, badge of office’, neuter of insignis ‘distinguished (as if by a mark)’, from in- ‘towards’ + signum ‘sign’.


word: INSIGNIFICANT
russian_word: незначительный
definition: too small or unimportant to be worth consideration.|meaningless.
antonyms: significant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪk(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪk(ə)nt
example:
the sum required was insignificant compared with military spending|insignificant yet enchanting phrases

synonyms:
unimportant|of minor importance|of no importance|of little importance|of little import|trivial|trifling|footling|negligible|inconsequential|of little consequence|of no consequence|of no account|of no moment|inconsiderable|not worth mentioning|not worth speaking of|nugatory|meagre|paltry|scanty|petty|insubstantial|unsubstantial|flimsy|frivolous|pointless|worthless|irrelevant|immaterial|peripheral|extraneous|non-essential|piddling|dinky


word: INSINCERE
russian_word: неискренний
example: she flashed him an insincere smile
definition: not expressing genuine feelings.
antonyms: sincere
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin insincerus, from in- ‘not’ + sincerus ‘sincere’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnsɪnˈsɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnsɪnˈsɪə
synonyms:
false|fake|hollow|artificial|feigned|pretended|put-on|exaggerated|overdone|lacking sincerity|not candid|not frank|disingenuous|dissembling|dissimulating|devious|hypocritical|cynical|deceitful|deceptive|duplicitous|dishonest|underhand|double-dealing|faithless|disloyal|treacherous|two-faced|Janus-faced|lying|untruthful|mendacious|evasive|shifty|slippery|phoney|fakey|pretend|pseud


word: INSINUATE
russian_word: намекать
example: he was insinuating that I had no self-control|I insinuated my shoulder in the gap
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪnjʊeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪnjʊeɪt
definition:
suggest or hint (something bad) in an indirect and unpleasant way.|slide (oneself or a thing) slowly and smoothly into a particular place.

synonyms:
imply|suggest|hint|intimate|whisper|indicate|convey the impression|give a clue|give an inkling|allude to the fact|make reference to the fact|let it be known|give someone to understand|give someone to believe|make out|tip someone the wink

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘enter (a document) on the official register’): from Latin insinuat- ‘introduced tortuously’, from the verb insinuare, from in- ‘in’ + sinuare ‘to curve’.


word: INSINUATING
russian_word: вкрадчивый
example: dirty, insinuating laughter|a sneaky, insinuating move
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪnjʊeɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪnjʊeɪtɪŋ
definition:
hinting at something bad in an indirect and unpleasant way.|using subtle manipulation to manoeuvre oneself into a favourable position.


word: INSINUATION
russian_word: инсинуация
example: I've done nothing to deserve all your vicious insinuations
definition: an unpleasant hint or suggestion of something bad.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin insinuatio(n- ), from insinuare (see insinuate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnsɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnsɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
implication|inference|suggestion|hint|intimation|imputation|innuendo|reference|allusion|indication|undertone|overtone|aspersion|slur|allegation


word: INSIPID
russian_word: пресный
example: mugs of insipid coffee
definition: lacking flavour; weak or tasteless.
antonyms: tasty
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪpɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪpɪd
synonyms:
tasteless|flavourless|unflavoured|savourless|bland|weak|thin|watery|watered-down|unappetizing|unpalatable|wishy-washy|wersh

origin:
early 17th century: from French insipide or late Latin insipidus, from in- ‘not’ + sapidus (see sapid).


word: INSIST
russian_word: настаивать
example: she insisted on carrying her own bag
definition: demand something forcefully, not accepting refusal.
antonyms: give up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪst
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪst
synonyms:
stand firm|be firm|stand one's ground|make a stand|stand up for oneself|be resolute|be determined|show determination|hold on|hold out|be emphatic|not take no for an answer|brook no refusal|persevere|persist|not give up|keep on at someone|stick to one's guns|stick it out|hang in there|demand|command|require|dictate|importune|entreat|urge|exhort

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘persist, persevere’): from Latin insistere ‘persist’, from in- ‘upon’ + sistere ‘stand’.


word: INSISTENCE
russian_word: настойчивость
example: Alison's insistence on doing the washing-up straight after the meal
definition: the fact or quality of insisting that something is the case or should be done.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪst(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪst(ə)ns
synonyms:
demand|bidding|command|dictate|instruction|requirement|request|entreaty|urging|exhortation|importuning|say-so|arm-twisting|behest|hest|assertion|declaration|contention|statement|claim|proclamation|announcement|pronouncement|assurance|attestation|affirmation|avowal|averment|profession|swearing|emphasis|stress|maintenance|asseveration


word: INSISTENT
russian_word: настойчивый
example: Tony's soft, insistent questioning|a telephone started ringing, loud and insistent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɪst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɪst(ə)nt
definition:
insisting on or demanding something; not allowing refusal.|continuing in a prolonged and demanding way.

synonyms:
persistent|determined|adamant|importunate|tenacious|unyielding|obstinate|dogged|unrelenting|unfaltering|unwavering|inexorable|demanding|urgent|pressing|emphatic|firm|assertive|decided|resolute|resolved|pushy|pushful|exigent


word: INSOBRIETY
russian_word: невоздержанность
example: the defendant was in a state of insobriety
definition: drunkenness.
antonyms: sobriety
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnsəˈbrʌɪəti
phonetics_text: ɪnsəˈbrʌɪəti
synonyms:
drunkenness|intoxication|inebriation|tipsiness|intemperance|overindulgence|overconsumption|debauchery|hard drinking|serious drinking|heavy drinking|alcoholism|alcohol abuse|dipsomania|inebriety|sottishness|bibulousness|crapulence


word: INSOLATION
russian_word: инсоляция
definition: exposure to the sun's rays.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin insolatio(n- ), from the verb insolare, from in- ‘towards’ + sol ‘sun’.


word: INSOLENCE
russian_word: наглость
example: she was sacked for insolence
definition: rude and disrespectful behaviour.
antonyms: politeness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪns(ə)l(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈɪns(ə)l(ə)ns|ˈɪnsəl(ə)ns|ˈɪnsələns
synonyms:
impertinence|impudence|cheek|cheekiness|bad manners|ill-manneredness|unmannerliness|rudeness|impoliteness|incivility|lack of civility|discourtesy|discourteousness|disrespect|insubordination|contempt|audacity|boldness|brazenness|brashness|pertness|forwardness|effrontery|gall|presumptuousness|presumption|insults|abuse|offensiveness|brass|brass neck|neck|face|front|cockiness|freshness|backchat|bad-mouthing|sauce|snash|chutzpah|sass|sassiness|nerviness|hide|crust|contumely|malapertness


word: INSOLENT
russian_word: наглый
example: she hated the insolent tone of his voice
definition: showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect.
antonyms: polite
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪns(ə)l(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɪns(ə)l(ə)nt
synonyms:
impertinent|impudent|cheeky|ill-mannered|bad mannered|unmannerly|rude|impolite|uncivil|lacking civility|discourteous|disrespectful|insubordinate|contemptuous|presumptuous|audacious|bold|brazen|brash|pert|forward|insulting|abusive|offensive|fresh|flip|cocky|lippy|saucy|sassy|nervy|contumelious|malapert|mannerless

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘extravagant, going beyond acceptable limits’): from Latin insolent- ‘immoderate, unaccustomed, arrogant’, from in- ‘not’ + solent- ‘being accustomed’ (from the verb solere ).


word: INSOLUBLE
russian_word: нерастворимый
example: the problem is not insoluble|once dry, the paints become insoluble in water
definition: impossible to solve.|(of a substance) incapable of being dissolved.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsɒljʊb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɒljʊb(ə)l
synonyms:
unsolvable|insolvable|unable to be solved|without a solution|unanswerable|unresolvable|unfathomable|impenetrable|unexplainable|inscrutable|baffling|puzzling|perplexing|enigmatic|obscure|mystifying|mysterious|inexplicable

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin insolubilis, from in- ‘not’ + solubilis (see soluble).


word: INSOLVENCY
russian_word: неплатежеспособность
example: the club was facing insolvency
definition: the state of being insolvent.
antonyms: solvency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɒlv(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɒlv(ə)nsi
synonyms:
bankruptcy|liquidation|failure|collapse|ruin|financial ruin|ruination|pennilessness|penury|impecuniousness|beggary|administration|receivership|folding|pauperdom


word: INSOLVENT
russian_word: несостоятельный
example: the company became insolvent
definition: unable to pay debts owed.
antonyms: solvent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɒlv(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɒlv(ə)nt
synonyms:
bankrupt|unable to pay one's debts|ruined|collapsed|defaulting|liquidated|wiped out|penniless|impoverished|penurious|impecunious|without a sou|in the hands of the receivers|in receivership|in administration|bust|broke|flat broke|belly-up|gone under|gone to the wall|on the rocks|in the red|hard up|strapped for cash|skint|in Queer Street|stony broke|cleaned out|in Carey Street|pauperized|beggared


word: INSOMNIA
russian_word: бессонница
definition: habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep.
synonyms: sleeplessness|wakefulness|restlessness|inability to sleep|watchfulness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsɒmnɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsɒmnɪə
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin, from insomnis ‘sleepless’, from in- (expressing negation) + somnus ‘sleep’.


word: INSOUCIANCE
russian_word: беззаботность
example: an impression of boyish insouciance
definition: casual lack of concern; indifference.
antonyms: anxiety|concern
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈsuːsɪəns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsuːsɪəns
synonyms:
nonchalance|unconcern|lack of concern|indifference|heedlessness|relaxedness|calm|calmness|equanimity|coolness|composure|casualness|ease|easy-going attitude|airiness|carefreeness|frivolousness|carelessness|cool

origin:
late 18th century: French, from insouciant, from in- ‘not’ + souciant ‘worrying’ (present participle of soucier ).


word: INSOUCIANT
russian_word: беззаботный
example: an insouciant shrug
definition: showing a casual lack of concern.
antonyms: anxious|concerned
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsuːsɪənt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsuːsɪənt|ɪnˈsuːsɪɒ̃
synonyms:
nonchalant|untroubled|unworried|unruffled|unconcerned|lacking concern|indifferent|blasé|heedless|relaxed|calm|equable|equanimous|serene|composed|casual|easy|easy-going|airy|breezy|carefree|free and easy|free from care|free from worry|happy-go-lucky|light-hearted|frivolous|unserious|cool|laid back|upbeat


word: INSPECT
russian_word: инспектировать
example: they inspected the paintwork for cracks and flaws
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈspɛkt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspɛkt
definition:
look at (someone or something) closely, typically to assess their condition or to discover any shortcomings.

origin:
early 17th century (earlier (late Middle English) as inspection ): from Latin inspect- ‘looked into, examined’, from the verb inspicere (from in- ‘in’ + specere ‘look at’), or from its frequentative, inspectare .


word: INSPECTION
russian_word: осмотр
example: on closer inspection it looked like a fossil
definition: careful examination or scrutiny.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈspɛkʃn
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspɛkʃn
synonyms:
examination|check|check-up|survey|scrutiny|look-over|probe|exploration|perusal|view|scan|observation|investigation|assessment|appraisal|review|evaluation|examining|checking|surveying|vetting|investigating|assessing|appraising|consideration|once-over|going-over|look-see|overhaul


word: INSPECTOR
russian_word: инспектор
example: a prison inspector|Inspector Simmons
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈspɛktə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspɛktə
definition:
an official employed to ensure that official regulations are obeyed, especially in public services.|a police officer ranking below a chief inspector.

synonyms:
examiner|checker|scrutinizer|scrutineer|investigator|surveyor|assessor|appraiser|reviewer|analyst|observer|overseer|supervisor|monitor|watchdog|ombudsman|auditor|examinant|scrutinator


word: INSPECTORATE
russian_word: инспекция
example: the factory inspectorate
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈspɛktərət
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspɛktərət
definition:
a body that ensures that the official regulations applying to a particular type of institution or activity are obeyed.


word: INSPIRATION
russian_word: вдохновение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnspɪˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnspɪˈreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
Helen had one of her flashes of inspiration|then I had an inspiration|crackling sounds are heard in the stethoscope on inspiration

definition:
the process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.|a sudden brilliant or timely idea.|the drawing in of breath; inhalation.

synonyms:
creativity|inventiveness|innovation|innovativeness|ingenuity|imagination|imaginativeness|originality|individuality|artistry|expressiveness|creative power|creative talent|creative skill|genius|insight|vision|wit|finesse|flair|brilliance|sophistication

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘divine guidance’): via Old French from late Latin inspiratio(n- ), from the verb inspirare (see inspire).


word: INSPIRE
russian_word: вдохновлять
antonyms: uninspiring|dull
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈspʌɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspʌɪə
example:
his philosophy inspired a later generation of environmentalists|they can expand their lungs and inspire enough gas to satisfy oxygen requirements

definition:
fill (someone) with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.|breathe in (air); inhale.

synonyms:
stimulate|motivate|cause|incline|persuade|encourage|influence|rouse|move|stir|spur (on)|goad|energize|galvanize|incite|impel|animate|fire the imagination of|fire with enthusiasm|inspirit|incentivize|fillip|inspirational|encouraging|heartening|uplifting|stirring|rousing|stimulating|electrifying|exhilarating|exciting|moving|affecting|memorable|striking|impressive|influential|stimulative

origin:
Middle English enspire, from Old French inspirer, from Latin inspirare ‘breathe or blow into’ from in- ‘into’ + spirare ‘breathe’. The word was originally used of a divine or supernatural being, in the sense ‘impart a truth or idea to someone’.


word: INSPIRED
russian_word: вдохновенный
example: they had to thank the goalkeeper for some inspired saves|inspired air must be humidified
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈspʌɪəd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspʌɪəd
definition:
of extraordinary quality, as if arising from some external creative impulse.|(of air or another substance) that is breathed in.


word: INSPISSATE
russian_word: сгущать
example: whatever tends to inspissate sap has the property of causing flower buds to be produced
definition: thicken or congeal.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈspɪseɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈspɪseɪt
origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin inspissat- ‘made thick’, from the verb inspissare (based on Latin spissus ‘thick, dense’).


word: IN SPITE OF
russian_word: несмотря на
example: he was suddenly cold in spite of the sun
definition: without being affected by the particular factor mentioned.
synonyms:
despite|notwithstanding|regardless of|for all|undeterred by|in defiance of|in the face of|even though|although


word: INSTABILITY
russian_word: нестабильность
example: political and economic instability
definition: the state of being unstable; lack of stability.
antonyms: stability|soundness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnstəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnstəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
unreliability|uncertainty|unpredictability|unpredictableness|precariousness|unsteadiness|insecurity|vulnerability|perilousness|riskiness|impermanence|temporariness|transience|inconstancy|changeability|variability|fluidity|fluctuation|rise and fall|rising and falling|chanciness|iffiness|dodginess|mutability|unsoundness|shakiness|ricketiness|wobbliness|frailty|fragility|flimsiness|insubstantiality

origin:
late Middle English: from French instabilité, from Latin instabilitas, from instabilis, from in- ‘not’ + stabilis (see stable1).


word: INSTALL
russian_word: устанавливать
example: we're planning to install a new shower|he was installed as Prime Minister in 1966
antonyms: remove
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈstɔːl
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstɔːl
definition:
place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position ready for use.|place (someone) in a new position of authority, especially with ceremony.

synonyms:
put|position|place|put in place|set in place|fix|fit|locate|situate|station|site|lodge|establish|insert|plonk|park

origin:
late Middle English (in install (sense 2)): from medieval Latin installare, from in- ‘into’ + stallum ‘place, stall’. install (sense 1) dates from the mid 19th century.


word: INSTALLATION
russian_word: установка
example: the installation of a central heating system|computer installations
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnstəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnstəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of installing someone or something, or the state of being installed.|a large piece of equipment installed for use.

synonyms:
installing|install|fitting|putting in|putting in place|insertion|attachment|swearing in|induction|instatement|inauguration|investiture|appointment|ordination|consecration|enthronement|crowning|coronation


word: INSTALLER
russian_word: монтажник
example: qualified TV aerial installers|a downloadable installer from the website
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈstɔːlə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstɔːlə
definition:
a person who places or fixes equipment or machinery in position ready for use.|a piece of software that installs a program on a computer's hard disk.


word: INSTALMENT
russian_word: взнос
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈstɔːlm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstɔːlm(ə)nt
example:
the first instalment of a grant for housing|filming the final instalment in his Vietnam trilogy|instalment will begin early next year

definition:
a sum of money due as one of several equal payments for something, spread over an agreed period of time.|any of several parts of something which are published, broadcast, or made public in sequence at intervals.|the process of installing something; installation.

synonyms:
part payment|partial payment|instalment plan|instalment-payment plan|deferred payment|hire purchase|HP|installment buying|the never-never

origin:
mid 18th century (denoting the arrangement of payment by instalments): alteration of obsolete estalment (probably by association with installation), from Anglo-Norman French estalement, from Old French estaler ‘to fix’.


word: INSTANCE
russian_word: пример
example: a serious instance of corruption
definition: an example or single occurrence of something.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnst(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈɪnst(ə)ns
synonyms:
example|occasion|occurrence|case|representative case|typical case|case in point|illustration|specimen|sample|exemplar|exemplification

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin instantia ‘presence, urgency’, from instare ‘be present, press upon’, from in- ‘upon’ + stare ‘to stand’. The original sense was ‘urgency, urgent entreaty’, surviving in at the instance of . In the late 16th century the word denoted a particular case cited to disprove a general assertion, derived from medieval Latin instantia ‘example to the contrary’ (translating Greek enstasis ‘objection’); hence the meaning ‘single occurrence’.


word: INSTANT
russian_word: растворимый
antonyms: delayed|long-term
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɪnst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnst(ə)nt
example:
the offence justified instant dismissal|an instant desire to blame others when things go wrong|your letter of the 6th instant

definition:
happening or coming immediately.|urgent; pressing.|(in business letters) of the current month.|of the present moment.

synonyms:
immediate|instantaneous|on-the-spot|prompt|direct|swift|speedy|rapid|quick|expeditious|express|lightning|sudden|precipitate|abrupt|snappy|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|fleet|rathe|alacritous

origin:
late Middle English (in instant (sense 2 of the adjective, sense 3 of the adjective, sense 4 of the adjective)): via Old French from Latin instant- ‘being at hand’, from the verb instare, from in- ‘in, at’ + stare ‘to stand’.


word: INSTANTANEOUS
russian_word: мгновенный
example: modern methods of instantaneous communication|measurement of the instantaneous velocity
definition: occurring or done instantly.|existing or measured at a particular instant.
antonyms: delayed|long-term
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪnst(ə)nˈteɪnɪəs
phonetics_text: ˌɪnst(ə)nˈteɪnɪəs
synonyms:
immediate|instant|on-the-spot|prompt|direct|swift|speedy|rapid|quick|expeditious|express|lightning|sudden|hurried|hasty|precipitate|abrupt|snappy|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|fleet|rathe|alacritous

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin instantaneus, from Latin instant- ‘being at hand’ (from the verb instare ), on the pattern of ecclesiastical Latin momentaneus .


word: INSTANTLY
russian_word: немедленно
example: she fell asleep almost instantly
definition: at once; immediately.|urgently or persistently.
antonyms: eventually|slowly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɪnst(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈɪnst(ə)ntli
synonyms:
immediately|at once|straight away|right away|instantaneously|suddenly|abruptly|all of a sudden|on the instant|at a stroke|forthwith|then and there|there and then|here and now|this/that (very) minute|this/that instant|quickly|rapidly|swiftly|speedily|directly|without delay|promptly|in an instant|in a moment|in a (split) second|in a minute|in a trice|in a fraction of a second|in/like a flash|quick as lightning|like a shot|in a wink|in the blink of an eye|in the twinkling of an eye|in (less than) no time|before you know it|on the double|at the speed of light|like an arrow from a bow|tout de suite|in a jiffy|pronto|double quick|in double quick time|p.d.q. (pretty damn quick)|like (greased) lightning|toot sweet|ekdam|straightway|instanter|forthright


word: INSTAR
russian_word: личиночная стадия
origin: late 19th century: from Latin, literally ‘form, likeness’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnstɑː
phonetics_text: ˈɪnstɑː
definition:
a phase between two periods of moulting in the development of an insect larva or other invertebrate animal.


word: INSTATE
russian_word: вводить в должность
example: many of the troops had only joined up when the new regime was instated
definition: set up in position; install or establish.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈsteɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsteɪt
origin:
early 17th century (formerly also as enstate ): from en-1, in-2 ‘into’ + the noun state. Compare with earlier reinstate.


word: INSTAURATION
russian_word: реставрация
definition: the action of restoring or renewing something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnstɔːˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪnstɔːˈreɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin instauratio(n- ), from instaurare ‘renew’, from in- ‘in, towards’ + staur- (a stem also found in restaurare ‘restore’).


word: INSTEAD
russian_word: вместо
example: do not use lotions, but put on a clean dressing instead
definition: as an alternative or substitute.
antonyms: as well
origin: Middle English (originally as two words): from in + stead.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪnˈstɛd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstɛd
synonyms:
as an alternative|as a substitute|as a replacement|in lieu|alternatively|rather|by contrast|for preference|by choice|from choice|on second thoughts|all things being equal|ideally|alternately


word: INSTEP
russian_word: подъем
definition: the part of a person's foot between the ball and the ankle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnstɛp
phonetics_text: ˈɪnstɛp
origin:
late Middle English: of unknown origin; compare with West Frisian ynstap ‘opening in a shoe for insertion of the foot’.


word: INSTIGATE
russian_word: подстрекать
example: they instigated a reign of terror
definition: bring about or initiate (an action or event).
antonyms: halt
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt
synonyms:
set in motion|put in motion|get under way|get going|get off the ground|get in operation|start|begin|initiate|launch|institute|lay the foundations of|lay the first stone of|sow the seeds of|set up|inaugurate|found|establish|put in place|organize|get working|get functioning|activate|trigger off|set off|spark off|inspire|foment|kindle|stir up|whip up|actuate|generate|cause|bring about|start/get/set the ball rolling|kick off|commence

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘urge on’): from Latin instigat- ‘urged, incited’, from the verb instigare, from in- ‘towards’ + stigare ‘prick, incite’.


word: INSTIGATION
russian_word: подстрекательство
example: the Domesday Survey was compiled at the instigation of William I
definition: the action or process of instigating an action or event.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnstɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnstɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
prompting|suggestion|request|entreaty|solicitation|wish|desire|urging|importuning|pressure|persuasion|demand|insistence|instance|initiation|incitement|provocation|stirring up|whipping up|kindling|fuelling|fomentation|encouragement|inducement|actuation|devising|inception

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘incitement’): from Old French, or from Latin instigatio(n- ), from the verb instigare (see instigate).


word: INSTIGATOR
russian_word: подстрекатель
example: he was not the instigator of the incident
definition: a person who brings about or initiates something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtə
synonyms:
initiator|prime mover|motivator|architect|designer|deviser|planner|shaper|inventor|maker|producer|contriver|mastermind|originator|author|creator|founder|pioneer|father|mother|founding father|agent|inciter|agitator|fomenter|troublemaker|agent provocateur|ringleader|leader|begetter


word: INSTIL
russian_word: внушать
example: the standards her parents had instilled into her|she was told how to instil eye drops
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈstɪl
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstɪl
definition:
gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a person's mind.|put (a substance) into something in the form of liquid drops.

synonyms:
inculcate|implant|fix|ingrain|infuse|impress|imprint|introduce|engender|produce|generate|induce|inspire|promote|foster|hammer into|drum into|drive into|drill into|din into|imbue|brainwash|indoctrinate|teach

origin:
late Middle English (in instil (sense 2)): from Latin instillare, from in- ‘into’ + stillare ‘to drop’ (from stilla ‘a drop’).


word: INSTINCT
russian_word: инстинкт
example: the homing instinct
definition: an innate, typically fixed pattern of behaviour in animals in response to certain stimuli.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘instigation, impulse’): from Latin instinctus ‘impulse’, from the verb instinguere, from in- ‘towards’ + stinguere ‘to prick’.


word: INSTITUTE
russian_word: институт
example: the Institute of Architects|Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnstɪtjuːt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnstɪtjuːt
definition:
an organization having a particular purpose, especially one that is involved with science, education, or a specific profession.|a commentary, treatise, or summary of principles, especially concerning law.

synonyms:
organization|establishment|institution|foundation|centre|academy|school|college|university|conservatory|seminary|centre of learning|seat of learning|society|association|federation|group|circle|fellowship|body|league|union|alliance|guild|consortium|concern|corporation

origin:
Middle English (in institute (sense 2 of the verb)): from Latin institut- ‘established’, from the verb instituere, from in- ‘in, towards’ + statuere ‘set up’. The noun is from Latin institutum ‘something designed, precept’, neuter past participle of instituere ; sense 1 dates from the early 19th century.


word: INSTITUTION
russian_word: учреждение
example: an academic institution|the institution of marriage|a delay in the institution of proceedings
antonyms: dismissal|defrocking|halting|cancellation|ending
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
definition:
an organization founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose.|an established law or practice.|the action of instituting something.

synonyms:
organization|establishment|institute|foundation|centre|academy|school|college|university|conservatory|seminary|centre of learning|seat of learning|society|association|federation|group|circle|fellowship|body|league|union|alliance|guild|consortium|concern|corporation

origin:
late Middle English (in institution (sense 2, sense 3)): via Old French from Latin institutio(n- ), from the verb instituere (see institute). institution (sense 1) dates from the early 18th century.


word: INSTITUTIONAL
russian_word: институциональная
example: institutional care
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
of, in, or like an institution or institutions.|(of advertising) intended to create prestige rather than immediate sales.


word: INSTITUTIONALIZED
russian_word: узаконенный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪzd
phonetics_text: ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪzd
example:
the danger of discrimination becoming institutionalized|one of the most insidious byproducts of the Cold War, institutionalized secrecy|I became less institutionalized, more able to function as an individual

definition:
established in practice or custom.|established as part of an official organization.|(of a person) apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution.


word: INSTRUCT
russian_word: инструктировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈstrʌkt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstrʌkt
example:
she instructed him to wait|he instructed them in the use of firearms|he must indicate which of the firms he wishes to instruct|the bank was instructed that the money from the deposit account was now held by the company

definition:
tell or order someone to do something, especially in a formal or official way.|teach (someone) a subject or skill.|(of a client) employ or authorize (a solicitor or barrister) to act on one's behalf.|give information to (someone).

synonyms:
order|command|direct|tell|enjoin|give the order to|give orders to|give the command to|require|call on|mandate|charge|dictate|bid

origin:
late Middle English (in instruct (sense 2)): from Latin instruct- ‘constructed, equipped, taught’, from the verb instruere, from in- ‘upon, towards’ + struere ‘pile up’.


word: INSTRUCTION
russian_word: инструкция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
he issued instructions to the sheriff|always study the instructions supplied|instruction in the Roman Catholic faith

definition:
a direction or order.|detailed information about how something should be done or operated.|teaching; education.

synonyms:
order|command|directive|direction|decree|edict|injunction|mandate|dictate|commandment|diktat|demand|bidding|requirement|stipulation|charge|ruling|pronouncement|summons|writ|subpoena|warrant|say-so|behest|rescript

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin instructio(n- ), from the verb instruere (see instruct).


word: INSTRUCTIONAL
russian_word: учебный
example: instructional materials for the classroom|an instructional manual
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
intended or used for teaching; educational.|giving detailed information about how something should be done or operated.


word: INSTRUCTIVE
russian_word: поучительный
example: it is instructive to compare the two projects
definition: useful and informative.
antonyms: unenlightening
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈstrʌktɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstrʌktɪv
synonyms:
informative|instructional|informational|illuminating|enlightening|revealing|explanatory|telling|educational|educative|edifying|didactic|pedagogic|doctrinal|preceptive|improving|heuristic|moralistic|homiletic|useful|helpful|propaedeutic


word: INSTRUCTOR
russian_word: инструктор
example: a driving instructor
definition: a person who teaches something.
antonyms: pupil
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈstrʌktə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈstrʌktə
synonyms:
trainer|teacher|tutor|coach|demonstrator|adviser|counsellor|guide|schoolteacher|schoolmaster|schoolmistress|educator|lecturer|professor|pedagogue|preceptor


word: INSTRUMENT
russian_word: инструмент
synonyms: implement|tool|utensil|device|apparatus|contrivance|gadget|contraption|appliance|mechanism|gizmo
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnstrʊm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnstrʊm(ə)nt
example:
a surgical instrument|a new instrument for measuring ozone levels|the value of learning to play a musical instrument|execution involves signature and unconditional delivery of the instrument

definition:
a tool or implement, especially one for precision work.|a measuring device used to gauge the level, position, speed, etc. of something, especially a motor vehicle or aircraft.|an object or device for producing musical sounds.|a formal or legal document.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin instrumentum ‘equipment, implement’, from the verb instruere ‘construct, equip’.


word: INSTRUMENTAL
russian_word: инструментальный
antonyms: uninvolved|obstructive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnstrʊˈmɛnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnstrʊˈmɛnt(ə)l
example:
the Society was instrumental in bringing about legislation|a largely instrumental piece|instrumental error

definition:
serving as a means of pursuing an aim or policy.|(of music) performed on instruments, with no vocals.|relating to an implement or measuring device.|denoting or relating to a case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating a means or instrument.

synonyms:
involved|active|influential|contributory|helpful|of help/assistance|useful|of use/service|significant|important|play a part in|contribute to|be a factor in|be (partly) responsible for|have a hand in|add to|help|promote|advance|further|forward|oil the wheels of|open the door for|be conducive to|make for|lead to|cause|give rise to|conduce to


word: INSTRUMENTALISM
russian_word: инструментализм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnstrʊˈmɛntəlɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ɪnstrʊˈmɛntəlɪz(ə)m
definition:
a pragmatic philosophical approach which regards an activity (such as science, law, or education) chiefly as an instrument or tool for some practical purpose, rather than in more absolute or ideal terms.|instrumental technique.


word: INSTRUMENTATION
russian_word: измерительные приборы
definition: the particular instruments used in a piece of music.|measuring instruments regarded collectively.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnstrʊmɛnˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪnstrʊmɛnˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
Telemann's specified instrumentation of flute, violin, and continuo|the controls and instrumentation of an aircraft


word: INSUBORDINATE
russian_word: непокорный
example: an insubordinate attitude
definition: defiant of authority; disobedient to orders.
antonyms: obedient
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪnsəˈbɔːdɪnət
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsəˈbɔːdɪnət
synonyms:
disobedient|unruly|wayward|errant|badly behaved|disorderly|undisciplined|delinquent|troublesome|rebellious|defiant|mutinous|recalcitrant|refractory|uncooperative|non-compliant|wilful|unbiddable|intractable|ungovernable|unmanageable|uncontrollable|obstreperous|awkward|difficult|perverse|contrary|naughty|mischievous|impish|roguish|rascally|bolshie|contumacious


word: INSUBORDINATION
russian_word: неподчинение
example: he was dismissed for insubordination
definition: defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
antonyms: obedience
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnsəˌbɔːdɪˈneɪʃn
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsəˌbɔːdɪˈneɪʃn
synonyms:
disobedience|unruliness|waywardness|indiscipline|bad behaviour|misbehaviour|misconduct|delinquency|troublemaking|rebellion|rebelliousness|defiance|mutiny|revolt|recalcitrance|lack of cooperation|non-compliance|wilfulness|intractability|ungovernability|uncontrollability|obstreperousness|awkwardness|perversity|perverseness|contrariness|naughtiness|mischievousness|mischief|impishness|roguery|carryings-on|acting-up|contumacy|infraction


word: INSUBSTANTIAL
russian_word: иллюзорный
example: the huts are relatively few and insubstantial
definition: lacking strength and solidity.
antonyms: sturdy|sound
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnsəbˈstanʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnsəbˈstanʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
flimsy|slight|light|fragile|breakable|weak|frail|shaky|unstable|wobbly|tottery|rickety|ramshackle|makeshift|jerry-built|badly built|thrown together|cheap|shoddy|gimcrack|feeble|poor|inadequate|insufficient|thin|tenuous|insignificant|inconsequential|unsubstantial|unconvincing|implausible|unsatisfactory|paltry|trifling|trivial|shallow

origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin insubstantialis, from in- ‘not’ + substantialis (see substantial).


word: IN SUCCESSION
russian_word: подряд
example: she won the race for the second year in succession
definition: following one after the other without interruption.
synonyms:
one after the other|in a row|consecutively|one behind the other|successively|in sequence|running|straight|solid|uninterrupted|on the trot


word: INSUFFERABLE
russian_word: невыносимый
example: the heat would be insufferable by July
definition: too extreme to bear; intolerable.
antonyms: bearable|congenial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsʌf(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsʌf(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
intolerable|unbearable|unendurable|insupportable|unacceptable|oppressive|overwhelming|overpowering|impossible|not to be borne|past bearing|too much to bear|more than one can stand|unspeakable|dreadful|excruciating|grim|outrageous|too much

origin:
late Middle English: perhaps via French (now dialect) insouffrable, based on Latin sufferre ‘endure’ (see suffer).


word: INSUFFICIENCY
russian_word: недостаточность
example: insufficiency of adequate housing
definition: the condition of being insufficient.
antonyms: sufficiency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnsəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ɪnsəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi
synonyms:
lack|inadequacy|shortage|want|dearth|deficit|shortfall|scarcity|scarceness|scantiness|paucity|absence|undersupply|sparseness|deprivation|meagreness|shortness|exiguity|exiguousness

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘incompetence, inability’): from late Latin insufficientia, from in- ‘not’ + Latin sufficere ‘be sufficient’.


word: INSUFFICIENT
russian_word: недостаточный
example: there was insufficient evidence to convict him
definition: not enough; inadequate.
antonyms: sufficient
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnsəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnsəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt
synonyms:
inadequate|not enough|too little|too few|too small|deficient|poor|scant|scanty|scarce|sparse|short|in short supply|at a premium|lacking|wanting|paltry|meagre|niggardly|skimpy|sketchy|incomplete|restricted|limited|measly|pathetic|piddling|exiguous

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘incapable, incompetent’): via Old French from late Latin insufficient- ‘not sufficing’, from in- ‘not’ + Latin sufficere (see suffice).


word: INSUFFLATE
russian_word: вдувать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪnsəfleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsəfleɪt
definition:
blow or breathe (air, vapour, or a powdered medicine) into or through a body cavity.|breathe on (someone) to symbolize spiritual influence.

origin:
late 17th century: from late Latin insufflat- ‘blown into’, from the verb insufflare, from in- ‘into’ + sufflare ‘blow’ (from sub- ‘from below’ + flare ‘to blow’). insufflate (sense 2) dates from the early 20th century.


word: INSUFFLATOR
russian_word: аппарат для вдувания
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnsəfleɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsəfleɪtə
definition:
a device for blowing powder on to a surface in order to make fingerprints visible.|an instrument for medical insufflation.


word: INSULAR
russian_word: островной
example: a stubbornly insular farming people|goods of insular origin
antonyms: broad-minded|tolerant
origin: mid 16th century (as a noun denoting an islander): from late Latin insularis, from insula ‘island’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnsjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsjʊlə
definition:
ignorant of or uninterested in cultures, ideas, or peoples outside one's own experience.|relating to or from an island.|relating to the insula of the brain.

synonyms:
narrow-minded|limited|blinkered|restricted|inward-looking|conventional|parochial|provincial|small-town|localist|small-minded|petty-minded|petty|close-minded|short-sighted|myopic|hidebound|dyed-in-the-wool|diehard|set|set in one's ways|inflexible|dogmatic|rigid|entrenched|illiberal|intolerant|prejudiced|bigoted|biased|partisan|sectarian|xenophobic|discriminatory|parish-pump|blimpish|borné|jerkwater|claustral


word: INSULARITY
russian_word: замкнутость
antonyms: broad-mindedness|tolerance|accessibility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnsjʊˈlarɪti
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsjʊˈlarɪti
example:
an example of British insularity|he proved the insularity of Van Diemen's Land by circumnavigating it in 1798

definition:
ignorance of or lack of interest in cultures, ideas, or peoples outside one's own experience.|the state or condition of being an island.

synonyms:
narrow-mindedness|blinkered approach/attitude|parochialism|provincialism|localism|narrowness|small-mindedness|pettiness|short-sightedness|myopia|inflexibility|dogmatism|illiberality|intolerance|prejudice|bigotry|bias|partisanship|sectarianism|xenophobia|discrimination|isolation|inaccessibility|separation|segregation|detachment|solitariness|loneliness|insulation|self-sufficiency


word: INSULATE
russian_word: изолировать
example: insulate and draught-proof your home|the village was insulated by every flood of the river
origin: mid 16th century (in insulate (sense 2)): from Latin insula ‘island’ + -ate3.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪnsjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsjʊleɪt
definition:
protect (something) by interposing material that prevents the loss of heat or the intrusion of sound.|make (land) into an island.

synonyms:
wrap|cover|encase|enclose|envelop|swathe|sheathe|bundle up|lag|heatproof|soundproof|muffle|make shockproof|pad|cushion|lap


word: INSULIN
russian_word: инсулин
origin: early 20th century: from Latin insula ‘island’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnsjʊlɪn
phonetics_text: ˈɪnsjʊlɪn
definition:
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.


word: INSULT
russian_word: оскорбление
example: you're insulting the woman I love
definition: speak to or treat with disrespect or scornful abuse.
antonyms: compliment|flatter|complimentary|polite
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
offend|give/cause offence to|affront|abuse|be rude to|call someone names|slight|disparage|discredit|libel|slander|malign|defame|denigrate|cast aspersions on|impugn|slur|revile|calumniate|hurt|hurt someone's feelings|mortify|humiliate|wound|snub|rebuff|spurn|shun|treat disrespectfully|ignore|cut dead|give someone the cold-shoulder|turn one's back on|bad-mouth|slag off|trash-talk|sledge|asperse|derogate|miscall|abusive|rude|vulgar|offensive|wounding|mortifying|humiliating|disparaging|belittling|derogatory|depreciating|deprecatory|disrespectful|denigratory|uncomplimentary|pejorative|vituperative|disdainful|derisive|scornful|contemptuous|defamatory|slanderous|libellous|scurrilous|blasphemous|discrediting|bitchy|catty|contumelious

phonetic:
mid 16th century (as a verb in the sense ‘exult, act arrogantly’): from Latin insultare ‘jump or trample on’, from in- ‘on’ + saltare, from salire ‘to leap’. The noun (in the early 17th century denoting an attack) is from French insulte or ecclesiastical Latin insultus . The main current senses date from the 17th century, the medical use dating from the early 20th century.


word: INSUPERABLE
russian_word: непреодолимый
example: insuperable financial problems
definition: (of a difficulty or obstacle) impossible to overcome.
antonyms: surmountable
synonyms: insurmountable|unconquerable|invincible|unassailable|overwhelming|hopeless|impossible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsuːp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsuːp(ə)rəb(ə)l
origin:
Middle English (in the general sense ‘invincible’): from Old French, or from Latin insuperabilis, from in- ‘not’ + superabilis (from superare ‘overcome’).


word: INSUPPORTABLE
russian_word: невыносимый
example: he had arrived at a wholly insupportable conclusion|the heat was insupportable
definition: unable to be supported or justified.|unable to be endured; intolerable.
antonyms: justified
origin: mid 16th century: from French, from in- ‘not’ + supportable (from supporter ‘to support’).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnsəˈpɔːtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnsəˈpɔːtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unjustifiable|without justification|indefensible|inexcusable|unforgivable|unpardonable|unwarrantable|unreasonable|groundless|unfounded|without foundation|foundationless|baseless|without basis|unsupported|unsubstantiated|unconfirmed|uncorroborated|invalid|untenable|implausible|weak|shaky|flawed|specious|defective


word: INSURANCE
russian_word: страхование
synonyms: indemnity|indemnification|(financial) protection|security|surety|cover|assurance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈʃʊər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈʃʊər(ə)ns
example:
many new borrowers take out insurance against unemployment or sickness|jackets were hung on the back of their chairs, insurance against an encounter with air-conditioning

definition:
an arrangement by which a company or the state undertakes to provide a guarantee of compensation for specified loss, damage, illness, or death in return for payment of a specified premium.|a thing providing protection against a possible eventuality.

origin:
late Middle English (originally as ensurance in the sense ‘ensuring, assurance, a guarantee’): from Old French enseurance, from enseurer (see ensure). insurance (sense 1) dates from the mid 17th century.


word: INSURE
russian_word: застраховать
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘assure someone of something’): alteration of ensure.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈʃɔː
phonetics_text: ɪnˈʃɔː|ɪnˈʃʊə
example:
the table should be insured for £2,500|by appeasing Celia they might insure themselves against further misfortune

definition:
arrange for compensation in the event of damage to or loss of (property), or injury to or the death of (someone), in exchange for regular payments to a company or to the state.|secure or protect someone against (a possible contingency).|another term for ensure.


word: INSURER
russian_word: страховщик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈʃʊərə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈʃʊərə
definition:
a person or company that underwrites an insurance risk; the party in an insurance contract undertaking to pay compensation.


word: INSURGENT
russian_word: повстанец
example: an attack by armed insurgents
definition: a person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary.
antonyms: loyalist
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt
synonyms:
rebel|revolutionary|revolutionist|mutineer|agitator|subversive|guerrilla|anarchist|terrorist|bioterrorist|narco-terrorist|ecoterrorist|cyberterrorist|agroterrorist|rioter|freedom fighter|resistance fighter|traitor|renegade|Zapatista|Montonero|insurrectionist|insurrectionary

origin:
mid 18th century: via French from Latin insurgent- ‘arising’, from the verb insurgere, from in- ‘into, towards’ + surgere ‘to rise’.


word: INSURRECTION
russian_word: восстание
example: the insurrection was savagely put down
definition: a violent uprising against an authority or government.
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin insurrectio(n- ), from insurgere ‘rise up’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
rebellion|revolt|uprising|mutiny|revolution|insurgence|insurgency|rising|rioting|riot|sedition|civil disobedience|civil disorder|unrest|anarchy|fighting in the streets|coup|coup d'état|jacquerie|putsch


word: INTACT
russian_word: неповрежденный
example: the church was almost in ruins but its tower remained intact
definition: not damaged or impaired in any way; complete.
antonyms: broken|damaged
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtakt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtakt
synonyms:
whole|entire|complete|unbroken|undamaged|unharmed|uninjured|unimpaired|unflawed|faultless|flawless|unscathed|untouched|unspoiled|unmutilated|unsevered|unblemished|unmarred|unmarked|perfect|pristine|inviolate|unviolated|undefiled|unsullied|in one piece|sound|solid|scatheless

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin intactus, from in- ‘not’ + tactus (past participle of tangere ‘touch’).


word: INTAKE
russian_word: потребление
example: your daily intake of calories|the new intake of MPs|cut rectangular holes for the air intake
origin: Middle English (originally Scots and northern English): from in + take.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnteɪk
phonetics_text: ˈɪnteɪk
definition:
an amount of food, air, or another substance taken into the body.|the people taken into an organization at a particular time.|a place or structure through which something is taken in, e.g. water into a channel or pipe from a river, fuel or air into an engine, etc.|land reclaimed from a moor or common.


word: INTANGIBLE
russian_word: нематериальный
example: the moonlight made things seem intangible
definition: unable to be touched; not having physical presence.
antonyms: tangible
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtan(d)ʒɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtan(d)ʒɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
impalpable|untouchable|imperceptible to the touch|non-physical|bodiless|incorporeal|unembodied|disembodied|abstract|invisible|ethereal|insubstantial|airy|aerial|spiritual|ghostly|spectral|phantom|wraithlike|transcendental|unearthly|supernatural|immaterial|unbodied|discarnate|disincarnate|phantasmal|phantasmic

origin:
early 17th century (as an adjective): from French, or from medieval Latin intangibilis, from in- ‘not’ + late Latin tangibilis (see tangible).


word: INTARSIA
russian_word: интарсия
example: an intarsia design
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɑːsɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɑːsɪə
definition:
a method of knitting with a number of colours, in which a separate length or ball of yarn is used for each area of colour (as opposed to different yarns being carried at the back of the work).|an elaborate form of marquetry using inlays in wood, especially as practised in 15th-century Italy.

origin:
from Italian intarsio ; in intarsia (sense 2) superseding earlier tarsia (from Italian, ‘marquetry’); the knitting term dates from the mid 19th century.


word: INTEGER
russian_word: целое
example: integer values
definition: a number which is not a fraction; a whole number.|a thing complete in itself.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntɪdʒə
phonetics_text: ˈɪntɪdʒə
origin:
early 16th century (as an adjective meaning ‘entire, whole’): from Latin, ‘intact, whole’, from in- (expressing negation) + the root of tangere ‘to touch’. Compare with entire, also with integral, integrate, and integrity.


word: INTEGRAL
russian_word: интеграл
example: games are an integral part of the school's curriculum
definition: necessary to make a whole complete; essential or fundamental.|of or denoted by an integer.
antonyms: incidental|peripheral
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
synonyms:
essential|fundamental|basic|intrinsic|inherent|constitutive|innate|structural|vital|indispensable|necessary|requisite

phonetic:
mid 16th century: from late Latin integralis, from integer ‘whole’ (see integer). Compare with integrate and integrity.


word: INTEGRANT
russian_word: интегрирующий
definition: (of parts) making up or contributing to a whole; constituent.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɪntɪɡr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɪntɪɡr(ə)nt
origin:
mid 17th century (as an adjective): from French intégrant, from the verb intégrer, from Latin integrare (see integrate).


word: INTEGRATE
russian_word: интегрировать
antonyms: separate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪntɪɡreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪntɪɡreɪt
example:
transport planning should be integrated with energy policy|integrating children with special needs into ordinary schools|the velocity profile can be obtained by integrating this equation

definition:
combine (one thing) with another to form a whole.|bring (people or groups with particular characteristics or needs) into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution.|find the integral of.

synonyms:
combine|amalgamate|merge|unite|join|fuse|blend|mingle|coalesce|consolidate|meld|intermingle|mix|intermix|incorporate|affiliate|unify|assimilate|homogenize|harmonize|mesh|desegregate|commingle

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin integrat- ‘made whole’, from the verb integrare, from integer ‘whole’ (see integer). Compare with integral and integrity.


word: INTEGRATED
russian_word: интегрированный
antonyms: segregated
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd
example:
integrated education|an integrated public transport system|integrated electron density along the line of sight

definition:
(of an institution, body, etc.) desegregated, especially racially.|with various parts or aspects linked or coordinated.|indicating the mean value or total sum of a variable quantity of property.

synonyms:
desegregated|non-segregated|unsegregated|racially mixed|racially balanced|non-discriminatory|anti-discrimination


word: INTEGRATION
russian_word: интеграция
antonyms: separation|segregation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
economic and political integration|integration of an ordinary differential equation|visuomotor integration

definition:
the action or process of integrating.|the finding of an integral or integrals.|the coordination of processes in the nervous system, including diverse sensory information and motor impulses.

synonyms:
combination|amalgamation|incorporation|unification|consolidation|merger|fusing|blending|meshing|homogenization|homogenizing|coalescing|assimilation|concatenation|desegregation|inclusion


word: INTEGRITY
russian_word: целостность
example: a gentleman of complete integrity|upholding territorial integrity and national sovereignty
antonyms: dishonesty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti
definition:
the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.|the state of being whole and undivided.

synonyms:
honesty|uprightness|probity|rectitude|honour|honourableness|upstandingness|good character|principle(s)|ethics|morals|righteousness|morality|nobility|high-mindedness|right-mindedness|noble-mindedness|virtue|decency|fairness|scrupulousness|sincerity|truthfulness|trustworthiness

origin:
late Middle English (in integrity (sense 2)): from French intégrité or Latin integritas, from integer ‘intact’ (see integer). Compare with entirety, integral, and integrate.


word: INTEGUMENT
russian_word: оболочка
example: this chemical compound is found in the integument of the seed
definition: a tough outer protective layer, especially that of an animal or plant.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛɡjʊm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛɡjʊm(ə)nt
origin:
early 17th century (denoting a covering or coating): from Latin integumentum, from the verb integere, from in- ‘in’ + tegere ‘to cover’.


word: INTELLECT
russian_word: интеллект
example: he was a man of action rather than of intellect
definition: the faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively, especially with regard to abstract matters.
antonyms: emotion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəlɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəlɛkt
synonyms:
mind|brain|brains|head|intelligence|reason|understanding|comprehension|thought|brainpower|sense|judgement|wisdom|wits|nous|grey matter|brainbox|brain cells|loaf|upper storey|smarts|kop

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin intellectus ‘understanding’, from intellegere ‘understand’ (see intelligent).


word: INTELLECTUAL
russian_word: интеллектуальный
example: children need intellectual stimulation
definition: relating to the intellect.
antonyms: physical
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃʊəl
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃʊəl
synonyms:
mental|cerebral|cognitive|rational|psychological|abstract|conceptual|theoretical|analytical|logical|academic|mindly|phrenic|ratiocinative

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin intellectualis, from intellectus ‘understanding’, from intellegere ‘understand’ (see intelligent).


word: INTELLIGENCE
russian_word: интеллект
example: an eminent man of great intelligence|the chief of military intelligence
antonyms: stupidity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒ(ə)ns
definition:
the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.|the collection of information of military or political value.

synonyms:
intellectual/mental capacity|intellect|mind|brain|brains|brainpower|powers of reasoning|judgement|reason|reasoning|understanding|comprehension|acumen|wit|sense|insight|perceptiveness|perception|perspicaciousness|perspicacity|penetration|discernment|sharpness|quickness of mind|quick-wittedness|smartness|canniness|astuteness|intuition|acuity|alertness|cleverness|brilliance|aptness|ability|giftedness|talent|braininess

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin intelligentia, from intelligere ‘understand’ (see intelligent).


word: INTELLIGENT
russian_word: умный
example: Anna is intelligent and hard-working
definition: having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level.
antonyms: stupid|non-rational
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒ(ə)nt
synonyms:
clever|bright|brilliant|sharp|quick|quick-witted|quick on the uptake|smart|canny|astute|intuitive|thinking|acute|alert|keen|insightful|perceptive|perspicacious|penetrating|discerning|ingenious|inventive|knowledgeable|apt|able|gifted|talented|brainy|genius|there are no flies on …|know how many beans make five|whip-smart|rational|capable of thought|higher-order

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin intelligent- ‘understanding’, from the verb intelligere, variant of intellegere ‘understand’, from inter ‘between’ + legere ‘choose’.


word: INTELLIGENTSIA
russian_word: интеллигенция
example: a distrust of the intelligentsia and of theoretical learning
antonyms: masses
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌtɛlɪˈdʒɛntsɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˌtɛlɪˈdʒɛntsɪə
definition:
intellectuals or highly educated people as a group, especially when regarded as possessing culture and political influence.

synonyms:
intellectuals|intelligent people|academics|scholars|learned people|literati|culturati|men and women of letters|cognoscenti|illuminati|highbrows|bluestockings|thinkers|brains|the intelligent|eggheads|boffins

origin:
late 19th century: from Russian intelligentsiya via Polish inteligencja from Latin intelligentia (see intelligence).


word: INTELLIGIBILITY
russian_word: разборчивость
example: being able to see a speaker can improve intelligibility
definition: the state or quality of being intelligible.
antonyms: unintelligibility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌtɛlɪdʒɪˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnˌtɛlɪdʒɪˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
comprehensibility|ease of understanding|accessibility|digestibility|user-friendliness|lucidity|lucidness|clarity|clearness|coherence|transparency|plainness|simplicity|perspicuity|explicitness|precision|lack of ambiguity|unambiguity


word: INTELLIGIBLE
russian_word: вразумительный
example: use vocabulary that is intelligible to your audience
definition: able to be understood; comprehensible.
antonyms: unintelligible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
comprehensible|understandable|easy to understand|accessible|digestible|user-friendly|lucid|clear|crystal clear|coherent|transparent|plain|simple|perspicuous|explicit|precise|unambiguous|self-explanatory|penetrable|fathomable|graspable

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘capable of understanding’): from Latin intelligibilis, from intelligere ‘understand’ (see intelligent).


word: INTEMPERANCE
russian_word: невоздержанность
example: his occasional intemperance of tone
definition: lack of moderation or restraint.
antonyms: moderation|temperance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛmp(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛmp(ə)r(ə)ns
synonyms:
overindulgence|overconsumption|intemperateness|immoderation|lack of restraint|abandon|lack of self-control|excess|excessiveness|extravagance|prodigality|profligacy|lavishness|self-indulgence|self-gratification|debauchery|decadence|wantonness|dissipation|dissolution|dissoluteness|drinking|hard/heavy drinking|alcoholism|alcohol abuse|dipsomania|drunkenness|intoxication|inebriation|insobriety|tipsiness|inebriety|sottishness|bibulousness|crapulence


word: INTEMPERATE
russian_word: несдержанный
example: intemperate outbursts concerning global conspiracies
definition: having or showing a lack of self-control; immoderate.
antonyms: moderate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛmp(ə)rət
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛmp(ə)rət
synonyms:
immoderate|excessive|undue|inordinate|unreasonable|unjustified|unwarranted|uncalled for|extreme|unrestrained|unrestricted|uncontrolled|unbridled|uncurbed|self-indulgent|overindulgent|extravagant|lavish|prodigal|profligate|imprudent|reckless|wild|outrageous|egregious|dissolute|debauched|wanton|dissipated|dissipative

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘inclement’): from Latin intemperatus, from in- ‘not’ + temperatus (see temperate).


word: INTEND
russian_word: намереваться
example: the company intends to cut 400 jobs|this one-roomed cottage was intended to accommodate a family
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnd
definition:
have (a course of action) as one's purpose or intention; plan.|design or destine something for a particular purpose.

synonyms:
plan|mean|have the/every intention|have in mind|have in view|have plans|aim|propose|aspire|hope|expect|be looking|be going|be resolved|have resolved|be determined|have set out|purpose|be plotting|desire|want|wish|contemplate|think of|envisage|design|earmark|set apart

origin:
Middle English entend (in the sense ‘direct the attention to’), from Old French entendre, from Latin intendere ‘intend, extend, direct’, from in- ‘towards’ + tendere ‘stretch, tend’.


word: INTENDANT
russian_word: интендант
origin: mid 17th century: from French, from Latin intendere ‘to direct’ (see intend).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnd(ə)nt
definition:
the administrator of an opera house or theatre.|a title given to a high-ranking official or administrator, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, or one of their colonies.


word: INTENDED
russian_word: предназначен
example: the intended victim escaped
definition: planned or meant.
antonyms: accidental
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛndɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛndɪd
synonyms:
deliberate|intentional|calculated|conscious|done on purpose|planned|considered|studied|knowing|wilful|wanton|purposeful|purposive|premeditated|pre-planned|thought out in advance|prearranged|preconceived|predetermined|aforethought|voluntary|volitional|prepense


word: INTENSE
russian_word: интенсивный
example: the job demands intense concentration|an intense young woman, passionate about her art
antonyms: mild
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛns
definition:
of extreme force, degree, or strength.|having or showing strong feelings or opinions; extremely earnest or serious.

synonyms:
great|acute|enormous|fierce|severe|extreme|high|exceptional|extraordinary|harsh|strong|powerful|potent|vigorous|major|profound|deep|concentrated|consuming|serious

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin intensus ‘stretched tightly, strained’, past participle of intendere (see intend).


word: INTENSIFICATION
russian_word: интенсификация
example: the intensification of the conflict
definition: the action of making or becoming more intense.
antonyms: lessening|abatement
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌtɛnsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn
phonetics_text: ɪnˌtɛnsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn
synonyms:
escalation|stepping up|boosting|increase|pickup|build-up|sharpening|strengthening|augmentation|concentration|reinforcement|heightening|deepening|broadening|widening|extension|expansion|amplification|magnification|enlargement|aggravation|exacerbation|worsening|deterioration|compounding


word: INTENSIFY
russian_word: активизировать
example: the dispute began to intensify|the negative may be intensified with bichloride
definition: become or make more intense.|increase the opacity of (a negative) using a chemical.
antonyms: lessen|abate
origin: early 19th century: coined by Coleridge.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnsɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnsɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
escalate|step up|boost|increase|raise|sharpen|strengthen|augment|add to|concentrate|reinforce|gain strength|pick up|build up|heighten|deepen|broaden|widen|extend|expand|amplify|magnify|aggravate|exacerbate|make worse|worsen|inflame|compound


word: INTENSION
russian_word: напряжение
definition: the internal content of a concept.|resolution or determination.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
origin:
early 17th century (also in the sense ‘straining, stretching’): from Latin intensio(n- ), from intendere (see intend). intension (sense 1) dates from the mid 19th century.


word: INTENSITY
russian_word: интенсивность
example: the pain grew in intensity|hydrothermal processes of low intensity
antonyms: apathy|indifference
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnsɪti
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnsɪti
definition:
the quality of being intense.|the measurable amount of a property, such as force, brightness, or a magnetic field.

synonyms:
strength|power|powerfulness|potency|vigour|force|forcefulness|severity|ferocity|vehemence|fierceness|violence|harshness|magnitude|greatness|high degree|concentration|extremity|acuteness|seriousness|gravity|graveness|severeness|grievousness|passion|ardour|fervour|fervency|zeal|fire|heat|fever|emotion|eagerness|keenness|enthusiasm|excitement|animation|spirit|earnestness|energy|fanaticism


word: INTENSIVE
russian_word: интенсивный
example: she undertook an intensive Arabic course
antonyms: superficial|cursory|partial
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnsɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnsɪv
definition:
concentrated on a single subject or into a short time; very thorough or vigorous.|(of an adjective, adverb, or particle) giving force or emphasis.|denoting a property which is measured in terms of intensity (e.g. concentration) rather than of extent (e.g. volume), and so is not simply increased by addition of one thing to another.

synonyms:
thorough|in-depth|concentrated|rigorous|exhaustive|all-out|concerted|thoroughgoing|all-embracing|all-encompassing|all-inclusive|comprehensive|complete|full|total|all-absorbing|serious|vigorous|strenuous|detailed|minute|close|meticulous|scrupulous|assiduous|conscientious|painstaking|methodical|careful|sedulous|elaborate|extensive|widespread|sweeping|searching|high-pressure|determined|resolute|persistent|insistent

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘vehement, intense’): from French intensif, -ive or medieval Latin intensivus, from intendere (see intend).


word: INTENT
russian_word: намерение
example: with alarm she realized his intent
definition: intention or purpose.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnt
synonyms:
aim|purpose|intention|objective|object|goal|target|end|design|plan|scheme|resolve|resolution|determination|wish|desire|ambition|idea|dream|aspiration|hope

origin:
Middle English: from Old French entent, entente, based on Latin intendere (see intend). The adjective is from Latin intentus, past participle of intendere .


word: INTENTION
russian_word: намерение
example: she was full of good intentions
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
definition:
a thing intended; an aim or plan.|the healing process of a wound.|conceptions formed by directing the mind towards an object.

synonyms:
aim|purpose|intent|objective|object|goal|target|end|design|plan|scheme|resolve|resolution|determination|wish|desire|ambition|idea|dream|aspiration|hope

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French entencion, from Latin intentio(n- ) ‘stretching, purpose’, from intendere (see intend).


word: INTENTIONAL
russian_word: намеренный
example: intentional wrongdoing and harm
definition: done on purpose; deliberate.
antonyms: unintentional|accidental
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)n(ə)l
synonyms:
deliberate|calculated|conscious|done on purpose|intended|planned|meant|considered|studied|knowing|wilful|wanton|purposeful|purposive|purposed|premeditated|pre-planned|thought out in advance|prearranged|preconceived|predetermined|aforethought|voluntary|volitional|prepense

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘existing only in intention’): from French intentionnel or medieval Latin intentionalis, from Latin intentio(n- ), from intendere (see intend).


word: INTENTIONALLY
russian_word: намеренно
example: I didn't do it intentionally
definition: deliberately; on purpose.
antonyms: accidentally
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)nəli
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛnʃ(ə)nəli|ɪnˈtɛnʃən(ə)li
synonyms:
deliberately|on purpose|purposely|purposefully|by design|knowingly|wittingly|consciously|premeditatedly|calculatedly|in cold blood|wilfully|wantonly|with malice aforethought


word: INTENTLY
russian_word: сосредоточенно
example: he gazed at her intently
definition: with earnest and eager attention.
antonyms: absently|casually
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛntli
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛntli
synonyms:
attentively|closely|keenly|with fascination|raptly|earnestly|concentratedly|hard|studiously|fixedly|steadily|steadfastly|alertly|watchfully|observantly|carefully


word: INTER
russian_word: между
example: he was interred with the military honours due to him
definition: place (a corpse) in a grave or tomb, typically with funeral rites.
antonyms: exhume
origin: Middle English: from Old French enterrer, based on Latin in- ‘into’ + terra ‘earth’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəː
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəː
synonyms:
bury|lay to rest|consign to the grave|entomb|inurn|earth up|put six feet under|plant|deep-six|sepulchre|ensepulchre|inhume|inearth


word: INTERACT
russian_word: взаимодействовать
example: all the stages in the process interact
definition: act in such a way as to have an effect on each other.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntərˈakt
phonetics_text: ɪntərˈakt
synonyms:
interrelate|interchange|interconnect|link|relate to|depend on|associate with|correspond to|react to|work alongside


word: INTERACTION
russian_word: взаимодействие
example: ongoing interaction between the two languages
definition: reciprocal action or influence.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntərˈakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntərˈakʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
interplay|interchange|interactivity|interconnection|interlinkage|reciprocation|reciprocity|exchange|reaction|relationship|relation|relatedness|interrelation|interrelationship|interrelatedness|interdependence|association|link|correspondence


word: INTERACTIONISM
russian_word: интеракционизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntərˈakʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ɪntərˈakʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
the theory that there are two entities, mind and body, each of which can have an effect on the other.


word: INTERCALARY
russian_word: вставленный
origin: early 17th century: from Latin intercalarius, from intercalare (see intercalate).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːkəl(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːkəl(ə)ri|ˌɪntəˈkal(ə)ri
example:
eighteen months of twenty days each and five intercalary days|the intercalary year is taken between the second and final years

definition:
(of a day or a month) inserted in the calendar to harmonize it with the solar year, e.g. 29 February in leap years.|(of an academic year or period) additional to the standard course and taken at a different institution.|(of the meristem of a plant) located between its daughter cells, especially (in a grass) at or near the base of a leaf.


word: INTERCALATE
russian_word: прибавлять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːkəleɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːkəleɪt|ˌɪntəkəˈleɪt
example:
a system was introduced to intercalate an extra month in the calendar|the interlayer spaces of the graphite host lattice are filled with intercalated layers

definition:
insert (an intercalary period) in a calendar.|insert (something) between layers in a crystal lattice, geological formation, or other structure.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin intercalat- ‘proclaimed as inserted in the calendar’, from the verb intercalare, from inter- ‘between’ + calare ‘proclaim solemnly’.


word: INTERCEDE
russian_word: ходатайствовать
example: I prayed that she would intercede for us
definition: intervene on behalf of another.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈsiːd
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈsiːd
synonyms:
mediate|act as an intermediary|intermediate|negotiate|arbitrate|moderate|conciliate|act as honest broker|intervene|interpose|step in|become/get involved|act|take action|take measures|take a hand|plead|petition|entreat|supplicate

origin:
late 16th century: from French intercéder or Latin intercedere ‘intervene’, from inter- ‘between’ + cedere ‘go’.


word: INTERCEPT
russian_word: перехват
example: intelligence agencies intercepted a series of telephone calls
definition: obstruct (someone or something) so as to prevent them from continuing to a destination.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
stop|head off|cut off|catch|seize|grab|snatch|expropriate|commandeer|obstruct|impede|interrupt|block|check|detain|attack|ambush|take on|challenge|pounce on|swoop down on|waylay|accost|tackle|confront|buttonhole

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘contain between limits’ and ‘halt (an effect’)): from Latin intercept- ‘caught between’, from the verb intercipere, from inter- ‘between’ + capere ‘take’.


word: INTERCESSION
russian_word: заступничество
example: he only escaped ruin by the intercession of his peers with the king
definition: the action of intervening on behalf of another.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin intercessio(n- ), from the verb intercedere (see intercede).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈsɛʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
mediation|intermediation|negotiation|arbitration|conciliation|intervention|interposition|involvement|action|pleading|petition|entreaty|supplication|good offices|agency|shuttle diplomacy|mediatorship


word: INTERCESSOR
russian_word: заступник
example: they rejected the notion that an intercessor was needed to appeal to God
definition: a person who intervenes on behalf of another, especially by prayer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəˌsɛsə
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəˌsɛsə|ˌɪntəˈsɛsə
synonyms:
mediator|moderator|go-between|negotiator|middleman|intermediary|intervenor|interceder|arbitrator|arbiter|conciliator|reconciler|broker|honest broker|petitioner|supplicant|liaison officer|peacemaker


word: INTERCOMMUNICATE
russian_word: сообщаться
definition: engage in two-way communication.|(of two rooms) have a common connecting door.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌɪntəkəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəkəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt
example:
Dr Haber gazed at this while intercommunicating with his receptionist|on the ground floor there is a fitted kitchen intercommunicating with a breakfast room, off which lies the utility room

origin:
late 16th century: from Anglo-Latin intercommunicat- ‘mutually communicated’, from the verb intercommunicare .


word: INTERCOOLER
russian_word: интеркулер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəkuːlə
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəkuːlə
definition:
an apparatus for cooling gas between successive compressions, especially in a supercharged vehicle engine.


word: INTERCOURSE
russian_word: общение
example: everyday social intercourse
definition: communication or dealings between individuals or groups.|short for sexual intercourse.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəkɔːs
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəkɔːs
synonyms:
dealings|relations|relationships|association|connections|contact|interchange|communication|intercommunication|communion|correspondence|negotiations|bargaining|transactions|proceedings|trade|trading|business|commerce|traffic|trafficking|truck|doings

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French entrecours ‘exchange, commerce’, from Latin intercursus, from intercurrere ‘intervene’, from inter- ‘between’ + currere ‘run’. The specifically sexual use arose in the late 18th century.


word: INTERCROSS
russian_word: скрещиваться
example: all the forms intercross readily and produce fertile offspring
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈkrɒs
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈkrɒs
definition:
(with reference to animals or plants of different breeds or varieties) interbreed or cause to interbreed.


word: INTERDICT
russian_word: запрет
definition: an authoritative prohibition.
antonyms: permission
part_of_speech: noun|verb
synonyms:
prohibition|ban|bar|veto|proscription|interdiction|embargo|moratorium|injunction|restraining order|exclusion order

phonetic:
Middle English entredite (in the ecclesiastical sense), from Old French entredit, from Latin interdictum, past participle of interdicere ‘interpose, forbid by decree’, from inter- ‘between’ + dicere ‘say’. The spelling change in the 16th century was due to association with the Latin form.


word: INTERDICTION
russian_word: запрет
example: the interdiction of the slave trade|the interdiction of arms shipments
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈdɪkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈdɪkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of prohibiting or forbidding something.|the action of intercepting and preventing the movement of a prohibited commodity or person.


word: INTEREST
russian_word: интерес
antonyms: boredom
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪst
phonetics_text: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪst
example:
she looked about her with interest|the monthly rate of interest|the merger is not contrary to the public interest|holders of voting rights must disclose their interests|food interests in Scotland must continue to invest

definition:
the feeling of wanting to know or learn about something or someone.|money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt.|the advantage or benefit of a person or group.|a stake or involvement in an undertaking, especially a financial one.|a group or organization having a common concern, especially in politics or business.

synonyms:
attentiveness|undivided attention|absorption|engrossment|heed|regard|notice|scrutiny|curiosity|inquisitiveness|enjoyment|delight

origin:
late Middle English (originally as interess ): from Anglo-Norman French interesse, from Latin interesse ‘differ, be important’, from inter- ‘between’ + esse ‘be’. The -t was added partly by association with Old French interest ‘damage, loss’, apparently from Latin interest ‘it is important’. The original sense was ‘the possession of a share in or a right to something’; hence interest (sense 4 of the noun). interest (sense 1 of the noun) and the verb arose in the 18th century interest (sense 2 of the noun) was influenced by medieval Latin interesse ‘compensation for a debtor's defaulting’.


word: INTERESTED
russian_word: заинтересованный
example: I had always been interested in history|seeking views from all interested parties
antonyms: bored|uninterested
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪstɪd
phonetics_text: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪstɪd
definition:
showing curiosity or concern about something or someone; having a feeling of interest.|having an interest or involvement; not impartial.

synonyms:
attentive|intent|focused|absorbed|engrossed|fascinated|riveted|gripped|captivated|rapt|agog|intrigued|inquiring|inquisitive|curious|burning with curiosity|earnest|keen|eager|all ears|beady-eyed|nosy|snoopy


word: INTERESTING
russian_word: интересный
example: an interesting debate
definition: arousing curiosity or interest; holding or catching the attention.
antonyms: boring|uninteresting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪstɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪstɪŋ
synonyms:
absorbing|engrossing|fascinating|riveting|gripping|compelling|compulsive|spellbinding|captivating|engaging|enthralling|entrancing|beguiling|appealing|attractive|amusing|entertaining|stimulating|thought-provoking|diverting|exciting|intriguing|action-packed|unputdownable


word: INTEREST RATE
russian_word: процент
example: reduced interest rates encourage people to spend money on home improvements
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower, typically expressed as an annual percentage of the loan outstanding.


word: INTERFACE
russian_word: интерфейс
example: the interface between accountancy and the law|a graphical user interface
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪntəfeɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəfeɪs
definition:
a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc. meet and interact.|a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer.


word: INTERFACIAL
russian_word: поверхностное
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈfeɪʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈfeɪʃ(ə)l
definition:
included between two faces of a crystal or other solid.|relating to or forming a common boundary between two portions of matter or space.


word: INTERFACING
russian_word: взаимодействие
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəfeɪsɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəfeɪsɪŋ
definition:
an extra layer of material or an adhesive stiffener that is applied to the facing of a garment to add support.


word: INTERFERE
russian_word: вмешиваться
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈfɪə
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈfɪə
example:
you promised not to interfere|a holiday job would interfere with his studies|he admitted interfering with a van|light pulses interfere constructively in a fibre to emit a pulse

definition:
intervene in a situation without invitation or necessity.|prevent (a process or activity) from continuing or being carried out properly.|handle or adjust (something) without permission, especially so as to cause damage.|(of light or other electromagnetic waveforms) interact to produce interference.|(of a horse) knock one foot against the fetlock of another leg.

synonyms:
butt into|barge into|pry into|nose into|be nosy about|intrude into|intervene in|get involved in|intercede in|encroach on|impinge on|impose oneself on|meddle in|tamper with|tread on someone's toes|step on someone's toes|poke one's nose into|mess with|horn in on|muscle in on|stick one's oar in|gatecrash|kibitz on|entrench on|meddlesome|meddling|intrusive|intruding|prying|probing|nosy|inquisitive|over-curious|over-interested|busybody|nosy-parker|snoopy|snooping|nebby|intermeddling|obtrusive|busy

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French s'entreferir ‘strike each other’, from entre- ‘between’ + ferir (from Latin ferire ‘to strike’).


word: INTERFERENCE
russian_word: вмешательство
example: concerns about government interference in church life
origin: mid 18th century: from interfere, on the pattern of words such as difference .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈfɪər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈfɪər(ə)ns
definition:
the action of interfering or the process of being interfered with.|the combination of two or more electromagnetic waveforms to form a resultant wave in which the displacement is either reinforced or cancelled.

synonyms:
intrusion|intervention|intercession|involvement|impinging|encroaching|trespass|trespassing|obtrusion|butting in|barging in|meddling|meddlesomeness|tampering|prying|poking around|nosing around|horning in|muscling in|gatecrashing


word: INTERFEROMETER
russian_word: интерферометр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəfəˈrɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəfəˈrɒmɪtə
definition:
an instrument in which the interference of two beams of light is employed to make precise measurements.


word: INTERFERON
russian_word: интерферон
origin: 1950s: from interfere + -on.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈfɪərɒn
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈfɪərɒn
definition:
a protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.


word: INTERFUSE
russian_word: смешиваться
example: the public and the private interfuse here
definition: join or mix (two or more things) together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈfjuːz
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈfjuːz
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin interfus- ‘poured among’, from the verb interfundere, from inter- ‘between’ + fundere ‘pour’.


word: INTERIM
russian_word: промежуточный
example: in the interim I'll just keep my fingers crossed
definition: the intervening time.|an interim dividend, profit, etc.
synonyms: meantime|meanwhile|intervening time|interval|interlude|interregnum
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪm
phonetics_text: ˈɪnt(ə)rɪm
origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a provisional arrangement, originally for the adjustment of religious differences between the German Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church): from Latin, ‘meanwhile’.


word: INTERIOR
russian_word: интерьер
antonyms: exterior
synonyms: inside|inner|internal|intramural|on the inside
origin: late 15th century: from Latin, ‘inner’, comparative adjective from inter ‘within’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɪərɪə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɪərɪə
example:
the interior lighting is not adequate|the interior jungle regions|the interior minister|an interior monologue

definition:
situated on or relating to the inside of something; inner.|remote from the coast or frontier; inland.|relating to a country's internal affairs.|existing or taking place in the mind or soul; mental.


word: INTERJECT
russian_word: вставлять
example: she interjected the odd question here and there
definition: say (something) abruptly, especially as an aside or interruption.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈdʒɛkt
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈdʒɛkt
synonyms:
interpose|introduce|throw in|insert|interpolate|add|interrupt|intervene|cut in|break in|butt in|chime in|chip in|have one's say|put one's oar in|remark|comment|put one's pennyworth in|put one's two cents in

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin interject- ‘interposed’, from the verb interjicere, from inter- ‘between’ + jacere ‘to throw’.


word: INTERJECTION
russian_word: междометие
example: barracking and interjections from the protesters
definition: an abrupt remark, especially as an aside or interruption.
synonyms: exclamation|ejaculation|sudden utterance|cry|shout|roar|call|vociferation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈdʒɛkʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin interjectio(n- ), from the verb interjicere (see interject).


word: INTERLARD
russian_word: уснащать
example: a compendium of advertisements and reviews, interlarded with gossip
definition: intersperse or embellish speech or writing with different material.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈlɑːd
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈlɑːd
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘mix with alternate layers of fat’): from French entrelarder, from entre- ‘between’ + larder ‘to lard’.


word: INTERLEAVE
russian_word: прослаивать
example: books of maps interleaved with tracing paper
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈliːv
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈliːv
definition:
insert pages, typically blank ones, between the pages of (a book).|mix (digital signals) by alternating between them.


word: INTERLINEAR
russian_word: подстрочный
example: interlinear glosses
definition: written or printed between the lines of a text.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈlɪnɪə
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈlɪnɪə
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin interlinearis, from inter- ‘between’ + Latin linearis (from linea ‘line’).


word: INTERLINGUA
russian_word: Интерлингва
origin: early 20th century: from inter- ‘between’ + Latin lingua ‘tongue’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈlɪŋɡwə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈlɪŋɡwə
definition:
an artificial language, devised for machine translation, that makes explicit the distinctions necessary for successful translation into a target language, even where they are not present in the source language.


word: INTERLINING
russian_word: вставка между строк
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəlʌɪnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəlʌɪnɪŋ
definition:
material used as an extra lining between the ordinary lining and the fabric of a garment, curtain, etc.


word: INTERLOCK
russian_word: блокировка
example: their fingers interlocked
antonyms: disengage
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
(of two or more things) engage with each other by overlapping or by the fitting together of projections and recesses.

synonyms:
engage|interconnect|interlink|mesh|intermesh|fit together|join together|join|unite|connect|yoke|mate|couple


word: INTERLOCUTOR
russian_word: собеседник
definition: a person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈlɒkjʊtə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈlɒkjʊtə
origin:
early 16th century: modern Latin, from Latin interlocut- ‘interrupted (by speech)’, from the verb interloqui, from inter- ‘between’ + loqui ‘speak’.


word: INTERLOCUTORY
russian_word: промежуточный
example: an interlocutory injunction
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri
definition:
(of a decree or judgement) given provisionally during the course of a legal action.|relating to dialogue.

origin:
late 15th century: from medieval Latin interlocutorius, from Latin interloqui ‘interrupt’ (see interlocutor).


word: INTERLOPER
russian_word: человек, вмешивающийся в чужие дела
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntələʊpə
phonetics_text: ˈɪntələʊpə
example:
Japanese consumers have in the past been unreceptive to foreign interlopers in the cell phone market

definition:
a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or are considered not to belong.

synonyms:
intruder|encroacher|trespasser|invader|infiltrator|unwanted person|unwanted visitor|uninvited guest|outsider|stranger|immigrant|foreigner|alien|newcomer|gatecrasher

origin:
late 16th century (denoting an unauthorized trader trespassing on the rights of a trade monopoly): from inter- ‘amid’ + -loper as in archaic landloper ‘vagabond’ (from Middle Dutch landlooper ).


word: INTERLUDE
russian_word: интерлюдия
example: enjoying a lunchtime interlude
definition: an intervening period of time; an interval.|a thing occurring or done during an interval.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəl(j)uːd
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəl(j)uːd
synonyms:
interval|intermission|break|recess|pause|respite|rest|breathing space|halt|gap|stop|stoppage|hiatus|lull|breather|let-up|time out|downtime|smoko|surcease

origin:
Middle English (originally denoting a light dramatic entertainment): from medieval Latin interludium, from inter- ‘between’ + ludus ‘play’.


word: INTERMEDIARY
russian_word: посредник
example: negotiations took place through an intermediary
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪəri
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪəri
definition:
a person who acts as a link between people in order to try and bring about an agreement; a mediator.

synonyms:
mediator|go-between|negotiator|intervenor|interceder|intercessor|arbitrator|arbiter|conciliator|peacemaker|middleman|broker|interdealer broker|agent|liaison|linkman|linkwoman|linkperson|negotiant

origin:
late 18th century: from French intermédiaire, from Italian intermediario, from Latin intermedius (see intermediate).


word: INTERMEDIATE
russian_word: промежуточный
example: an intermediate stage of development
definition: coming between two things in time, place, character, etc.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪət
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪət
synonyms:
halfway|in-between|middle|mid|midway|median|intermediary|intervening|interposed|transitional|in the middle|at the halfway point|medial|intermedial

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin intermediatus, from Latin intermedius, from inter- ‘between’ + medius ‘middle’.


word: INTERMEDIUM
russian_word: средство сообщения
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪəm
definition:
(in tetrapods) a carpal in the centre of the wrist joint, or a tarsal in the centre of the ankle joint.

origin:
late 16th century (denoting an intervening action or performance): from late Latin, neuter (used as a noun) of Latin intermedius ‘intermediate’.


word: INTERMEZZO
russian_word: интермеццо
definition: a short connecting instrumental movement in an opera or other musical work.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈmɛtsəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈmɛtsəʊ
origin:
late 18th century: from Italian, from Latin intermedium ‘interval’, neuter of intermedius (see intermediate).


word: INTERMINABLE
russian_word: бесконечный
example: we got bogged down in interminable discussions
definition: endless or apparently endless (often used hyperbolically).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːmɪnəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːmɪnəb(ə)l
synonyms:
seemingly endless|endless|never-ending|unending|without end|non-stop|everlasting|ceaseless|unceasing|incessant|constant|continual|uninterrupted|unbroken|sustained|monotonous|tedious|wearisome|boring|long-winded|long-drawn-out|overlong|rambling|meandering|laborious|ponderous|countless|numerous|many|untold|manifold|multitudinous|multifarious|innumerable|numberless|unmeasured|unnumbered|incalculable|indeterminable|myriad|legion|innumerous|unnumberable

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin interminabilis, from in- ‘not’ + terminare (see terminate).


word: INTERMINGLE
russian_word: смешиваться
example: daisies intermingled with huge expanses of gorse and foxgloves
definition: mix or mingle together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈmɪŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈmɪŋɡ(ə)l
synonyms:
mix|intermix|mingle|unite|affiliate|associate|fraternize|get together|link up|blend|fuse|merge|combine|amalgamate|compound|marry|commingle|commix|admix|interflow


word: INTERMISSION
russian_word: перерыв
example: he was granted an intermission in his studies
definition: a pause or break.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin intermissio(n- ), from the verb intermittere (see intermit).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
interlude|entr'acte|break|recess|pause|rest|respite|breathing space|lull|gap|stop|stoppage|halt|cessation|suspension|stopping|pausing|breaking off|discontinuation|interval|let-up|breather|time out|downtime|smoko|surcease


word: INTERMITTENT
russian_word: прерывистый
example: intermittent rain
definition: occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.
antonyms: continuous|steady
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin intermittent- ‘ceasing’, from the verb intermittere (see intermit).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈmɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈmɪt(ə)nt
synonyms:
sporadic|irregular|fitful|spasmodic|broken|fragmentary|discontinuous|disconnected|isolated|odd|random|patchy|scattered|on again and off again|on and off|in fits and starts|occasional|periodic|cyclic|recurrent|recurring


word: INTERMIX
russian_word: смешиваться
example: the ore had to be handled so that it was not inadvertently intermixed with other material
definition: mix together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈmɪks
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈmɪks
origin:
mid 16th century (originally as the past participle intermixt ): from Latin intermixtus, past participle of intermiscere ‘mix together’, from inter- ‘between’ + miscere ‘to mix’.


word: INTERN
russian_word: интерн
synonyms: trainee|apprentice|probationer|student|novice|learner|beginner|person doing work experience
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a student or trainee who works, sometimes without pay, in order to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification.

phonetic:
early 16th century (as an adjective in the sense ‘internal’): from French interne (adjective), interner (verb), from Latin internus ‘inward, internal’. Current senses date from the 19th century.


word: INTERNAL
russian_word: внутренний
example: the tube had an internal diameter of 1.1 mm
antonyms: external
synonyms: inner|interior|inside|intramural|central|middle
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːn(ə)l
definition:
of or situated on the inside.|(of a student) attending a university as well as taking its examinations.

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘intrinsic’): from modern Latin internalis, from Latin internus ‘inward, internal’.


word: INTERNALIZE
russian_word: усваивать
example: people learn gender stereotypes and internalize them|industry must internalize the cost of disposal
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːn(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːn(ə)lʌɪz
definition:
make (attitudes or behaviour) part of one's nature by learning or unconscious assimilation.|incorporate (costs) as part of a pricing structure, especially social costs resulting from a product's manufacture and use.


word: INTERNALLY
russian_word: внутренне
example: ammunition is mounted internally in the fuselage|the data is stored internally
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːn(ə)li
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːn(ə)li
definition:
with reference to the inner surface or structure of something; inside.|using the main memory rather than a disk or tape drive.


word: INTERNATIONAL
russian_word: международный
example: international trade
definition: existing, occurring, or carried on between nations.
antonyms: national|local
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈnaʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈnaʃ(ə)n(ə)l
synonyms:
global|worldwide|intercontinental|cosmopolitan|multiracial|multinational|universal|catholic|wide-ranging|far-reaching|all-embracing


word: INTERNECINE
russian_word: междоусобный
example: the region's history of savage internecine warfare
definition: destructive to both sides in a conflict.
synonyms: deadly|bloody|violent|fierce|destructive|ruinous|civil|internal|family
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈniːsʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈniːsʌɪn
origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘deadly, characterized by great slaughter’): from Latin internecinus, based on inter- ‘among’ + necare ‘to kill’.


word: INTERNET
russian_word: Интернет
example: the guide is also available on the internet
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntənɛt
phonetics_text: ˈɪntənɛt
definition:
a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

origin:
1970s (denoting a computer network connecting two or more smaller networks): from inter- ‘reciprocal, mutual’ + network.


word: INTERNSHIP
russian_word: интернатура
example: they encouraged students to apply for newspaper internships
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəːnʃɪp
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəːnʃɪp
definition:
the position of a student or trainee who works in an organization, sometimes without pay, in order to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification.


word: INTEROCEPTOR
russian_word: интерорецептор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntərəʊˈsɛptə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntərəʊˈsɛptə
definition:
a sensory receptor which receives stimuli from within the body, especially from the gut and other internal organs.


word: INTERPELLATE
russian_word: интерпеллировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːpɪleɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːpɪleɪt
definition:
(in a parliament) interrupt the order of the day by demanding an explanation from (the minister concerned).|(of an ideology or discourse) bring into being or give identity to (an individual or category).

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘interrupt’): from Latin interpellat- ‘interrupted (by speech)’, from the verb interpellare, from inter- ‘between’ + pellere ‘to drive’. interpellate (sense 1) dates from the late 19th century; interpellate (sense 2) is from the works of Althusser.


word: INTERPHASE
russian_word: интерфаза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəfeɪz
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəfeɪz
definition:
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.


word: INTERPLAY
russian_word: взаимодействие
example: the interplay between inheritance and learning
definition: the way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəpleɪ
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəpleɪ
synonyms:
interaction|interchange|teamwork|cooperation|reciprocation|reciprocity|give and take|compromises|concessions|flexibility|adaptability


word: INTERPOLATE
russian_word: интерполировать
example: illustrations were interpolated in the text|‘I dare say,’ interpolated her employer
synonyms: insert|interpose|introduce|enter|add|incorporate|inset|implant|build|put
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːpəleɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːpəleɪt
definition:
insert (something of a different nature) into something else.|interject (a remark) in a conversation.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin interpolat- ‘refurbished, altered’, from the verb interpolare, from inter- ‘between’ + -polare (related to polire ‘to polish’).


word: INTERPOLATION
russian_word: интерполяция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəːpəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntəːpəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the interpolation of songs into the piece|as the evening progressed their interpolations became more ridiculous

definition:
the insertion of something of a different nature into something else.|a remark interjected in a conversation.


word: INTERPOLATOR
russian_word: интерполятор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːpəleɪtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːpəleɪtə
definition:
a person who interpolates something.|a device which guides a tool through a smooth curve when provided with a set of points defining the curve.


word: INTERPOSE
russian_word: вставлять
definition: place or insert between one thing and another.|intervene between parties.
synonyms: insinuate|place|put
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈpəʊz
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈpəʊz
example:
she interposed herself between the newcomers|the legislature interposed to suppress these amusements

origin:
late 16th century: from French interposer, from Latin interponere ‘put in’ (from inter- ‘between’ + ponere ‘put’), but influenced by interpositus ‘inserted’ and Old French poser ‘to place’.


word: INTERPRET
russian_word: интерпретировать
example: the evidence is difficult to interpret|I agreed to interpret for Jean-Claude
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːprɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːprɪt
definition:
explain the meaning of (information or actions).|translate orally or into sign language the words of a person speaking a different language.

synonyms:
explain|elucidate|expound|explicate|clarify|make clear|make plain|illuminate|shed light on|throw light on|gloss|simplify|spell out|decipher|decode|solve|resolve|untangle|unravel|make intelligible|understand|comprehend|make sense of|crack

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French interpreter or Latin interpretari ‘explain, translate’, from interpres, interpret- ‘agent, translator, interpreter’.


word: INTERPRETATION
russian_word: интерпретация
example: the interpretation of data
definition: the action of explaining the meaning of something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəːprɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntəːprɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
explanation|elucidation|expounding|exposition|explication|exegesis|clarification|definition|simplification|analysis|reading|evaluation|review|study|examination|diagnosis|decoding|deciphering|anatomization

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French interpretation or Latin interpretatio(n- ), from the verb interpretari (see interpret).


word: INTERPRETER
russian_word: переводчик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːprɪtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːprɪtə
definition:
a person who interprets, especially one who translates speech orally or into sign language.|a program that can analyse and execute a program line by line.

synonyms:
translator|transcriber|transliterator|decipherer|dragoman|performer|presenter|portrayer|exponent|singer|player|analyst|evaluator|reviewer|commentator|annotator|exegete|scholiast|glossator

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French interpreteur, from late Latin interpretator, from Latin interpretari (see interpret).


word: INTERREGNUM
russian_word: междуцарствие
definition: a period when normal government is suspended, especially between successive reigns or regimes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈrɛɡnəm
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈrɛɡnəm
origin:
late 16th century (denoting temporary rule between reigns or during suspension of normal government): from Latin, from inter- ‘between’ + regnum ‘reign’.


word: INTERROBANG
russian_word: лигатура из вопросительного и восклицательного знаков
origin: 1960s: blend of interrogative or interrogation point and bang1 (sense 4 of the noun).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛrə(ʊ)baŋ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛrə(ʊ)baŋ
definition:
a non-standard punctuation mark (‽) indicating a question expressed in an exclamatory manner, as in what are you doing‽.


word: INTERROGATE
russian_word: допрашивать
example: he was interrogated by MI6|an interactive system enables users to interrogate the database
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛrəɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛrəɡeɪt
definition:
ask questions of (someone) closely, aggressively, or formally.|obtain data from (a computer file, database, storage device, or terminal).

synonyms:
question|put questions to|cross-question|cross-examine|quiz|probe|catechize|sound out|interview|examine|debrief|pump|grill|give someone the third degree|put the screws on|worm something out of someone

origin:
late 15th century: from Latin interrogat- ‘questioned’, from the verb interrogare, from inter- ‘between’ + rogare ‘ask’.


word: INTERROGATION
russian_word: допрос
example: would he keep his mouth shut under interrogation ?
definition: the action of interrogating or the process of being interrogated.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌtɛrəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˌtɛrəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
questioning|cross-questioning|cross-examination|quizzing|probing|inquisition|catechism|investigation|interviewing|interview|debriefing|pumping|grilling|the third degree|examination


word: INTERROGATIVE
russian_word: вопросительный
example: a hard, interrogative stare
definition: having the force of a question.
origin: early 16th century: from late Latin interrogativus, from Latin interrogare (see interrogate).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətɪv
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətɪv
synonyms:
questioning|inquiring|inquisitive|inquisitorial|probing|searching|quizzing|quizzical|curious|intrigued|investigative|catechistic|catechistical


word: INTERROGATOR
russian_word: следователь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛrəɡeɪtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛrəɡeɪtə
example:
he was questioned for two months by military interrogators|the interrogator forwards the data to a server

definition:
a person who questions someone closely, aggressively, or formally.|a device that obtains data from a computer file, database, storage device, or terminal.


word: INTERROGATORY
russian_word: допрос
example: she abandoned her interrogatory monologue
definition: conveying a question; questioning.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈrɒɡət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈrɒɡət(ə)ri
origin:
mid 16th century: the noun from medieval Latin interrogatoria, plural of interrogatorium ; the adjective from late Latin interrogatorius, based on Latin interrogare (see interrogate).


word: INTERRUPT
russian_word: прерывать
example: the buzzer interrupted his thoughts|the coastal plain is interrupted by chains of large lagoons
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈrʌpt
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈrʌpt
definition:
stop the continuous progress of (an activity or process).|break the continuity of (a line or surface).

synonyms:
cut in (on)|break in (on)|barge in (on)|intrude (on)|interfere (with)|intervene (in)|chip in|heckle|put one's oar in|have one's say|put one's pennyworth in|put one's two cents in|butt in (on)|chime in (on)|horn in (on)|muscle in (on)|suspend|adjourn|discontinue|break off|hold up|delay|lay aside|leave off|postpone|put off|put back|defer|shelve|stop|put a stop to|halt|bring to a halt|bring to a standstill|cease|end|bring to an end|bring to a close|cancel|sever|dissolve|terminate|take a breather from|put on ice|put on a back burner|put in cold storage

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin interrupt- ‘broken, interrupted’, from the verb interrumpere, from inter- ‘between’ + rumpere ‘to break’.


word: INTERRUPTED
russian_word: прерванный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈrʌptɪd
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈrʌptɪd
definition:
(of a compound leaf or other plant organ) made discontinuous by smaller interposed leaflets or intervals of bare stem.|(of a cadence) having a penultimate dominant chord that is followed not by the expected chord of the tonic but by another, usually that of the submediant.


word: INTERRUPTION
russian_word: прерывание
example: a chance to study without interruption
definition: the action of interrupting or being interrupted.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈrʌpʃn
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈrʌpʃn
synonyms:
cutting in|interference|intervention|intrusion|obtrusion|disturbance|butting in|barging in|muscling in|horning in|sticking one's oar in|discontinuance|discontinuation|breaking off|suspension|stopping|halting|ceasing|cessation|termination


word: INTERSECT
russian_word: пересекаться
example: the area is intersected only by minor roads
definition: divide (something) by passing or lying across it.
synonyms: bisect|divide|halve|cut in two|cut in half|cut across|cut through|cross|traverse|span
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈsɛkt
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈsɛkt
origin:
early 17th century: from Latin intersect- ‘cut, intersected’, from the verb intersecare, from inter- ‘between’ + secare ‘to cut’.


word: INTERSESSION
russian_word: межсессионный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəsɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
a short period between university terms, sometimes used by students to engage in projects outside the normal academic programme.|a short university term in which thirteen weeks of course material is covered in five or six weeks of intensive study.


word: INTERSEXUAL
russian_word: интерсексуальный
example: intersexual selection, or mate choice, was, to Darwin, the job of females
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈsɛkʃʊəl
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈsɛkʃʊəl
definition:
existing or occurring between the sexes.|relating to or having the condition of being intermediate between male and female.


word: INTERSPERSE
russian_word: пересыпать
example: deep pools interspersed by shallow shingle banks
definition: scatter among or between other things; place here and there.
synonyms: scatter|distribute|disperse|spread|strew|dot|sprinkle|pepper|litter|bestrew
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈspəːs
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈspəːs
origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘diversify (something) by introducing other things at intervals’): from Latin interspers- ‘scattered between’, from interspergere, from inter- ‘between’ + spargere ‘scatter’.


word: INTERSTICE
russian_word: промежуток
example: sunshine filtered through the interstices of the arching trees
definition: an intervening space, especially a very small one.
synonyms: space|gap|interval|aperture|opening|hole|cranny|crevice|chink|slit|slot|crack|breach|vent
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtəːstɪs
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəːstɪs
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin interstitium, from intersistere ‘stand between’, from inter- ‘between’ + sistere ‘to stand’.


word: INTERTRIGO
russian_word: опрелость
definition: inflammation caused by the rubbing of one area of skin on another.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəˈtrʌɪɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəˈtrʌɪɡəʊ
origin:
early 18th century: from Latin, ‘a sore place caused by rubbing’, from interterere ‘rub against each other’.


word: INTERTWINE
russian_word: переплетаться
example: a net made of cotton intertwined with other natural fibres
definition: twist or twine together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈtwʌɪn
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈtwʌɪn
synonyms:
entwine|interweave|interlace|interthread|interwind|intertwist|twist|coil|twirl|ravel|lace|braid|plait|knit|convolute


word: INTERVAL
russian_word: интервал
synonyms: interim|interlude|intervening time|intervening period|meantime|meanwhile|interregnum
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəv(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəv(ə)l
example:
after his departure, there was an interval of many years without any meetings|an interval of mourning

definition:
an intervening time.|a pause or break in activity.|a space between two things; a gap.|the difference in pitch between two sounds.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French entrevalle, based on Latin intervallum ‘space between ramparts, interval’, from inter- ‘between’ + vallum ‘rampart’.


word: INTERVALOMETER
russian_word: интервалометр
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəvəˈlɒmɪtə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəvəˈlɒmɪtə
definition:
an attachment or facility on a camera that operates the shutter regularly at set intervals over a period. On a cine camera the device is used for time-lapse photography.


word: INTERVENE
russian_word: вмешиваться
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈviːn
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈviːn
example:
he acted outside his authority when he intervened in the dispute|seizures typically recur at regular intervals, with weeks or months intervening between seizures

definition:
take part in something so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events.|extend or occur between events.

synonyms:
intercede|involve oneself|get involved|interpose oneself|insinuate oneself|step in|cut in|mediate|arbitrate|conciliate|negotiate|act as peacemaker|act as an intermediary|interfere|intrude

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘come in as an extraneous factor or thing’): from Latin intervenire, from inter- ‘between’ + venire ‘come’.


word: INTERVENING
russian_word: вмешательства
definition: extending or occurring between events.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈviːnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈviːnɪŋ
example:
in the intervening years there were several unsuccessful attempts to renovate and reopen the building


word: INTERVENTIONIST
russian_word: интервент
example: an economy currently dominated by state ownership and interventionist policies
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈvɛnʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈvɛnʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
favouring intervention, especially by a government in its domestic economy or by one state in the affairs of another.


word: INTERVIEW
russian_word: интервью
definition: a meeting of people face to face, especially for consultation.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪntəvjuː
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəvjuː
synonyms:
meeting|discussion|conference|question and answer session|examination|evaluation|interrogation|audience|talk|dialogue|exchange|talks|rap session|confab|confabulation|interlocution

origin:
early 16th century (formerly also as enterview ): from French entrevue, from s'entrevoir ‘see each other’, from voir ‘to see’, on the pattern of vue ‘a view’.


word: INTERVIEWER
russian_word: интервьюер
example: she took time to answer questions from radio interviewers
definition: a person who interviews someone, especially as a job.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntəvjuːə
phonetics_text: ˈɪntəvjuːə
synonyms:
questioner|interrogator|examiner|evaluator|assessor|appraiser|journalist|reporter|correspondent|examinant


word: INTERWAR
russian_word: межвоенный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntəˈwɔː
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈwɔː
definition:
existing in the period between two wars, especially the two world wars (i.e. between 1918 and 1939).


word: INTERWEAVE
russian_word: вплетать
example: the rugs are made by tightly interweaving the strands
definition: weave or become woven together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntəˈwiːv
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈwiːv
synonyms:
intertwine|entwine|interlace|interthread|splice|braid|plait|twist together|weave together|twine together|wind together|marry


word: INTESTATE
russian_word: умерший без завещания
example: he died intestate
definition: not having made a will before one dies.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɛsteɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɛsteɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin intestatus, from in- ‘not’ + testatus ‘testified, witness’ (see testate).


word: INTESTINAL
russian_word: кишечный
example: the intestinal tract
definition: relating to or affecting the intestine.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntɛˈstʌɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪntɛˈstʌɪn(ə)l|ɪnˈtɛstɪn(ə)l
synonyms:
enteric|gastroenteric|duodenal|coeliac|gastric|ventral|stomach|abdominal|visceral|stomachic|stomachical


word: IN THE ABSTRACT
russian_word: абстрактно
definition: in a general way; without reference to specific instances.
example:
there's a fine line between promoting US business interests in the abstract and promoting specific companies


word: IN THE BUFF
russian_word: в чем мать родила
example: people generally don't go swimming in the buff in public places
definition: naked.
antonyms: clothed|dressed
synonyms:
naked|bare|nude|in the nude|stark naked|with nothing on|stripped|unclothed|undressed|uncovered|in a state of nature|disrobed|unclad|undraped|exposed|au naturel|without a stitch on|in one's birthday suit|in the raw|in the altogether|in the nuddy|mother naked|starkers|in the scud|scuddy|bare-assed|buck naked|bollocky|bollock-naked


word: IN THE EXTREME
russian_word: в высшей степени
example: the reasoning was convoluted in the extreme
definition: to an extreme degree.
antonyms: moderately|slightly|by no means
synonyms:
extremely|very|exceedingly|exceptionally|especially|extraordinarily|to a fault|extra|tremendously|immensely|vastly|hugely|abundantly|intensely|acutely|singularly|significantly|distinctly|outstandingly|uncommonly|unusually|decidedly|particularly|eminently|supremely|highly|remarkably|really|truly|mightily|thoroughly|all that|to a great extent|most|so|unco|très|right|terrifically|awfully|fearfully|terribly|devilishly|majorly|seriously|mega|ultra|oh-so|stinking|mucho|damn|damned|devilish|hellish|frightfully|ever so|well|bloody|dead|dirty|jolly|fair|real|mighty|powerful|awful|plumb|darned|way|bitching|mad|lekker|exceeding


word: IN THE FIRST INSTANCE
russian_word: сначала
example: the appointment will be for three years in the first instance
definition: in the first place or at the first stage of a proceeding.
synonyms:
place|stage|step|initially|at first|at the start|at the outset|in/at the beginning|to begin with|to start with|originally|in the early stages


word: IN THE FIRST PLACE
russian_word: во-первых
definition: as the first consideration or point.
example:
political reality was not quite that simple—in the first place, divisions existed within the parties


word: IN THE LONG RUN
russian_word: в результате
example: it saves money in the long run
definition: over or after a long period of time; eventually.
synonyms:
eventually|in the end|ultimately|when all is said and done|in the final analysis|in the fullness of time|at the end of the day


word: IN THE MAIN
russian_word: в основном
example: we must remember that in the main we are thinking about these designs as decoration
definition: on the whole.
synonyms:
mainly|mostly|for the most part|on the whole|largely|by and large|to a large extent|to a great degree|predominantly|chiefly|principally|generally|usually|typically|commonly|as a rule|on average


word: IN THIS REGARD
russian_word: в этом отношении
example: there was little incentive for them to be active in this regard
definition: in connection with the point previously mentioned.
synonyms:
respect|aspect|facet|consideration|point|item|characteristic|particular|detail|specific|particularity|fact|matter|issue|topic|question|circumstance


word: INTIFADA
russian_word: интифада
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntɪˈfɑːdə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntɪˈfɑːdə
definition:
the Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The first intifada lasted from 1987 to 1993, and the second began in 2000.

origin:
Arabic intifāḍa ‘an uprising’ (literally ‘a jumping up as a reaction to something’), from intifaḍa ‘be shaken, shake oneself’.


word: INTIMACY
russian_word: близость
example: the intimacy between a husband and wife
definition: close familiarity or friendship.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntɪməsi
phonetics_text: ˈɪntɪməsi
synonyms:
closeness|togetherness|affinity|rapport|attachment|familiarity|confidentiality|close association|close relationship|close attachment|close friendship|friendliness|comradeship|companionship|amity|affection|mutual affection|warmth|warm feelings|understanding|fellow feeling|chumminess|palliness|mateyness


word: INTIMATE
russian_word: интимный
example: intimate friends|intimate details of his sexual encounters
definition: closely acquainted; familiar.|private and personal.
antonyms: distant
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈɪntɪmət
phonetics_text: ˈɪntɪmət
synonyms:
close|bosom|boon|dear|cherished|familiar|confidential|faithful|constant|devoted|fast|firm|favourite|special|chummy|pally|as thick as thieves

origin:
early 17th century (as a noun): from late Latin intimatus, past participle of Latin intimare ‘impress, make familiar’, from intimus ‘inmost’.


word: INTIMATION
russian_word: намек
example: the first intimations of trouble
definition: an indication or hint.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃn
phonetics_text: ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃn
synonyms:
announcement|statement|communication|notification|notice|report|reporting|publishing|broadcasting|proclamation|disclosure|revelation|divulging|annunciation|suggestion|hint|indication|sign|signal|inkling|suspicion|impression|reference to|allusion to|pointer to|clue to|overtone of|undertone of|whisper of


word: INTIMIDATE
russian_word: запугивать
example: the forts are designed to intimidate the population
definition: frighten or overawe (someone), especially in order to make them do what one wants.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt
synonyms:
frighten|menace|terrify|scare|alarm|terrorize|overawe|awe|cow|subdue|discourage|daunt|unnerve|threaten|domineer|browbeat|bully|pressure|pressurize|harass|harry|hound|hector|torment|plague|tyrannize|persecute|oppress|push about|push around|lean on|bulldoze|steamroller|railroad|twist someone's arm|use strong-arm tactics on|bullyrag

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin intimidat- ‘made timid’, from the verb intimidare (based on timidus ‘timid’).


word: INTIMIDATION
russian_word: запугивание
example: the intimidation of witnesses and jurors
definition: the action of intimidating someone, or the state of being intimidated.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃn
phonetics_text: ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃn
synonyms:
frightening|menacing|terrifying|scaring|alarming|terrorization|terrorizing|cowing|subduing|daunting|unnerving|threatening|domineering|browbeating|bullying|pressuring|pressurizing|pressurization|coercion|harassment|harrying|hounding|tormenting|plaguing|tyrannization|persecution|oppression|strong-arm tactics|arm-twisting|bulldozing|steamrollering|railroading


word: INTO
russian_word: в
origin: Old English intō (see in, to).
part_of_speech: preposition
phonetic: ˈɪntʊ
phonetics_text: ˈɪntʊ|ˈɪntə
example:
cover the bowl and put it into the fridge|he crashed into a parked car|the narrow road which led down into the village|with the wind blowing into your face|a clearer insight into what is involved|a peaceful protest which turned into a violent confrontation|they forced the club into a humiliating special general meeting|three into twelve goes four|he's into surfing and jet-skiing

definition:
expressing movement or action with the result that someone or something becomes enclosed or surrounded by something else.|expressing movement or action with the result that someone or something makes physical contact with something else.|indicating a route by which someone or something may arrive at a particular destination.|indicating the direction towards which someone or something is turned when confronting something else.|indicating an object of attention or interest.|expressing a change of state.|expressing the result of an action.|expressing division.|(of a person) taking a lively and active interest in (something).


word: INTOLERABLE
russian_word: невыносимый
example: the intolerable pressures of his work
definition: unable to be endured.
antonyms: bearable|tolerable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɒl(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɒl(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unbearable|insufferable|unsupportable|insupportable|unendurable|beyond endurance|unacceptable|impossible|too much to bear|past bearing|not to be borne|overpowering|too much

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin intolerabilis, from in- ‘not’ + tolerabilis (see tolerable).


word: INTOLERANCE
russian_word: нетерпимость
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)ns|ɪnˈtɒl(ə)rəns
example:
a struggle against religious intolerance|avoiding cross-contamination is essential to people with gluten intolerance

definition:
unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behaviour that differ from one's own.|an inability to eat a food or take a drug without adverse effects.

synonyms:
bigotry|narrow-mindedness|small-mindedness|parochialism|provincialism|insularity|fanaticism|dogmatism|illiberality|prejudice|bias|partiality|partisanship|sectarianism|one-sidedness|inequality|unfairness|injustice|discrimination|sensitivity|hypersensitivity|oversensitivity|allergy|allergic reaction


word: INTOLERANT
russian_word: нетерпимый
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin intolerant-, from in- ‘not’ + tolerant- ‘enduring’ (see tolerant).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɒl(ə)r(ə)nt
example:
as a society we are more intolerant of certain types of violence than we were in the past|some people are intolerant of aspirin

definition:
not tolerant of views, beliefs, or behaviour that differ from one's own.|unable to be given (a medicine or other treatment) or to eat (a food) without adverse effects.

synonyms:
bigoted|narrow-minded|small-minded|parochial|provincial|insular|blinkered|illiberal|inflexible|dogmatic|rigid|uncompromising|unforgiving|unsympathetic|prejudiced|biased|partial|partisan|one-sided|sectarian|discriminatory|unfair|unjust


word: INTONATION
russian_word: интонация
example: she spoke English with a German intonation|poor woodwind intonation at the opening
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntəˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntəˈneɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.|accuracy of pitch in playing or singing, or on a stringed instrument such as a guitar.|the opening phrase of a plainsong melody.

synonyms:
inflection|pitch|tone|timbre|cadence|cadency|lilt|rise and fall|modulation|speech pattern|accentuation|emphasis|stress|accent|brogue

origin:
early 17th century (in intonation (sense 3)): from medieval Latin intonatio(n- ), from intonare (see intone).


word: INTONE
russian_word: интонировать
example: he intoned a short Latin prayer
definition: say or recite with little rise and fall of the pitch of the voice.
synonyms: chant|intonate|sing|recite|cantillate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtəʊn
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtəʊn
origin:
late 15th century (originally as entone ): from Old French entoner or medieval Latin intonare, from in- ‘into’ + Latin tonus ‘tone’.


word: IN TOUCH
russian_word: доступно
definition: in or into communication.|possessing up-to-date knowledge.
example:
ask someone to put you in touch with other carers|we need to keep in touch with the latest developments

synonyms:
contact|communication|correspondence|connection|association|having dealings with|up to date with|abreast of|up with|informed about


word: INTOXICATE
russian_word: опьянять
example: we don't allow people into sessions if they are intoxicated by alcohol or drugs
antonyms: sober someone up|sober
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt
definition:
(of alcoholic drink or a drug) cause (someone) to lose control of their faculties or behaviour.|poison (someone).

synonyms:
inebriate|make drunk|make intoxicated|make inebriated|befuddle|fuddle|stupefy|go to someone's head|make someone's head spin|make legless|make woozy|drunk|inebriated|drunken|tipsy|the worse for drink|under the influence|blind drunk|dead drunk|rolling drunk|roaring drunk|as drunk as a lord|as drunk as a skunk|sottish|gin-soaked|tight|merry|the worse for wear|pie-eyed|three sheets to the wind|plastered|smashed|hammered|sloshed|soused|sozzled|well oiled|paralytic|wrecked|wasted|blotto|stewed|pickled|tanked up|soaked|blasted|ratted|off one's face|out of one's head|out of one's skull|legless|bevvied|Brahms and Liszt|half cut|out of it|bladdered|trolleyed|mullered|slaughtered|lashed|well away|squiffy|tiddly|out of one's box|fou|loaded|trashed|out of one's gourd|blitzed|ripped|jacked|turnt|in one's cups|lit up|tired and emotional|sotted|foxed|screwed|crapulent|crapulous|bibulous|ebriate|pissed|rat-arsed|arseholed

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘poison’): from medieval Latin intoxicare, from in- ‘into’ + toxicare ‘to poison’, from Latin toxicum (see toxic).


word: INTOXICATED
russian_word: опьяненный
definition: drunk or under the influence of drugs.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪd
example:
officials are reporting an increase in the number of intoxicated students requiring medical attention


word: INTOXICATING
russian_word: опьяняющий
antonyms: non-alcoholic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtɒksɪˌkeɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtɒksɪˌkeɪtɪŋ
definition:
(of alcoholic drink or a drug) liable to cause someone to lose control of their faculties or behaviour.

synonyms:
alcoholic|containing alcohol|strong|hard|potent|stiff|inebriating|intoxicant|spirituous|spiritous|vinous


word: INTRACTABLE
russian_word: неподатливый
example: intractable economic problems
definition: hard to control or deal with.
antonyms: manageable
origin: late 15th century: from Latin intractabilis, from in- ‘not’ + tractabilis (see tractable).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtraktəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtraktəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unmanageable|uncontrollable|ungovernable|out of control|out of hand|impossible to cope with|difficult|awkward|complex|troublesome|demanding|burdensome


word: INTRAMURAL
russian_word: очный
example: both intramural and churchyard graves|recreational intramural games|an intramural haematoma
origin: mid 19th century: from intra- ‘within’ + Latin murus ‘wall’ + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪntrəˈmjʊər(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌɪntrəˈmjʊər(ə)l
definition:
situated or done within the walls of a building.|taking place within a single educational institution.|situated within the wall of a hollow organ or a cell.


word: INTRANET
russian_word: интранет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntrənɛt
phonetics_text: ˈɪntrənɛt
definition:
a local or restricted communications network, especially a private network created using World Wide Web software.


word: INTRANSIGENT
russian_word: непримиримый
example: her father had tried persuasion, but she was intransigent
definition: unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something.
antonyms: compliant|flexible
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtransɪdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtransɪdʒ(ə)nt
synonyms:
uncompromising|inflexible|unbending|unyielding|unshakeable|unwavering|resolute|unpersuadable|unmalleable|unaccommodating|uncooperative|stubborn|obstinate|obdurate|pig-headed|bull-headed|single-minded|iron-willed|hard-line|hard and fast|diehard|immovable|unrelenting|inexorable|inveterate|rigid|tough|firm|determined|adamant|tenacious|stiff-necked|bloody-minded|balky|badass|indurate

origin:
late 19th century: from French intransigeant, from Spanish los intransigentes (a name adopted by the extreme republicans in the Cortes, 1873–4); based on Latin in- ‘not’ + transigere ‘come to an understanding’.


word: INTRANSITIVE
russian_word: непереходный
definition: (of a verb or a sense or use of a verb) not taking a direct object, e.g. look in look at the sky.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtranzɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtranzɪtɪv|ɪnˈtrɑːnzɪtɪv|ɪnˈtransɪtɪv|ɪnˈtrɑːnsɪtɪv
origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin intransitivus ‘not passing over’, from in- ‘not’ + transitivus (see transitive).


word: INTRAVASCULAR
russian_word: внутрисосудистый
example: intravascular coagulation
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪntrəˈvaskjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˌɪntrəˈvaskjʊlə
definition:
situated or occurring within a vessel or vessels of an animal or plant, especially within a blood vessel or blood vascular system.


word: INTRAZONAL
russian_word: интразональный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntrəˈzəʊn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪntrəˈzəʊn(ə)l
definition:
(of a soil) having a well-developed structure different from that expected for its climatic and vegetational zone owing to the overriding influence of relief, parent material, or some other local factor.


word: INTREPID
russian_word: бесстрашный
example: our intrepid reporter
definition: fearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect).
antonyms: fearful|cowardly
origin: late 17th century: from French intrépide or Latin intrepidus, from in- ‘not’ + trepidus ‘alarmed’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtrɛpɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtrɛpɪd
synonyms:
fearless|unafraid|undaunted|dauntless|undismayed|unalarmed|unflinching|unshrinking|unblenching|unabashed|bold|daring|audacious|adventurous|dashing|heroic|dynamic|spirited|mettlesome|confident|indomitable|brave|courageous|valiant|valorous|stout-hearted|lionhearted|stalwart|plucky|gutsy|spunky|game|ballsy|go-ahead|have-a-go|doughty|venturous


word: INTRICATE
russian_word: сложный
example: an intricate network of canals
definition: very complicated or detailed.
antonyms: simple|straightforward
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪntrɪkət
phonetics_text: ˈɪntrɪkət
synonyms:
complex|complicated|convoluted|tangled|entangled|ravelled|twisted|knotty|maze-like|labyrinthine|winding|serpentine|circuitous|sinuous|elaborate|ornate|detailed|Byzantine|Daedalian|Gordian|involved|mixed up|difficult|hard|fiddly|involute|involuted

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin intricat- ‘entangled’, from the verb intricare, from in- ‘into’ + tricae ‘tricks, perplexities’.


word: INTRIGUE
russian_word: интрига
example: I was intrigued by your question|Henry and Louis intrigued with the local nobles
antonyms: bore
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
arouse the curiosity or interest of; fascinate.|make secret plans to do something illicit or detrimental to someone.

synonyms:
interest|be of interest to|fascinate|be a source of fascination to|arouse someone's curiosity|engage someone's attention|attract|draw|lure|tempt|tantalize|rivet|absorb|engross|charm|captivate|divert|titillate|interesting|fascinating|absorbing|compelling|gripping|riveting|captivating|engaging|enthralling|diverting|titillating|tantalizing|stimulating|thought-provoking

phonetic:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘deceive, cheat’): from French intrigue ‘plot’, intriguer ‘to tangle, to plot’, via Italian from Latin intricare (see intricate). intrigue (sense 1 of the verb), which was influenced by a later French sense ‘to puzzle, make curious’, arose in the late 19th century.


word: INTRINSIC
russian_word: внутренний
example: access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life
definition: belonging naturally; essential.
antonyms: extrinsic|acquired
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk
synonyms:
inherent|innate|inborn|inbred|congenital|natural|native|constitutional|built-in|ingrained|deep-rooted|inseparable|permanent|indelible|ineradicable|ineffaceable|integral|basic|fundamental|underlying|constitutive|elemental|essential|vital|necessary|connate|connatural

origin:
late 15th century (in the general sense ‘interior, inner’): from French intrinsèque, from late Latin intrinsecus, from the earlier adverb intrinsecus ‘inwardly, inwards’.


word: INTRODUCE
russian_word: вводить
antonyms: abolish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪntrəˈdjuːs
phonetics_text: ɪntrəˈdjuːs
example:
various new taxes were introduced|I must introduce you to my wife|a device which introduces chlorine into the pool automatically|a longer, more lyrical opening which introduces a courting song

definition:
bring (something, especially a product, measure, or concept) into use or operation for the first time.|make (someone) known by name to another in person, especially formally.|insert or bring into something.|occur at the start of; open.

synonyms:
institute|initiate|launch|inaugurate|establish|found|instigate|put in place|bring in|bring into being|usher in|set in motion|start|begin|commence|get going|get under way|phase in|organize|develop|originate|pioneer|take the lead in|kick off|propose|put forward|suggest|submit|advance|move|raise|broach|bring up|set forth|moot|mention|open|air|ventilate|float|table

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘bring (a person) into a place or group’): from Latin introducere, from intro- ‘to the inside’ + ducere ‘to lead’.


word: INTRODUCTION
russian_word: введение
antonyms: abolition
origin: late Middle English: from Latin introductio(n- ), from the verb introducere (see introduce).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
issues arising from the introduction of new technology|he returned to his desk, leaving Michael to make the introductions|your talk will need an introduction which states clearly what you are talking about and why

definition:
the action of introducing something.|a formal presentation of one person to another, in which each is told the other's name.|a thing preliminary to something else, especially an explanatory section at the beginning of a book, report, or speech.

synonyms:
institution|establishment|initiation|launch|inauguration|foundation|instigation|start|commencement|inception|development|origination|pioneering


word: INTRODUCTORY
russian_word: вводный
example: a two-day introductory course
definition: serving as an introduction to a subject or topic; basic or preliminary.
antonyms: final|advanced
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntrəˈdʌkt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ɪntrəˈdʌkt(ə)ri
synonyms:
opening|initial|starting|commencing|initiatory|first|earliest|prefatory|preliminary|precursory|lead-in|prefatorial|precursive|prodromal|prodromic|preambular|preambulatory|preludial|prelusive|prelusory|exordial|proemial|prolegomenal|elementary|basic|rudimentary|fundamental|preparatory|primary|rudimental

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting an introductory text): from late Latin introductorius, from Latin introducere (see introduce).


word: INTROGRESSION
russian_word: интрогрессия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntrə(ʊ)ˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪntrə(ʊ)ˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
the transfer of genetic information from one species to another as a result of hybridization between them and repeated backcrossing.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin introgredi ‘step in’, from intro- ‘to the inside’ + gradi ‘proceed, walk’, on the pattern of egression, ingression .


word: INTROIT
russian_word: псалом или антифон
definition: a psalm or antiphon sung or said while the priest approaches the altar for the Eucharist.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntrɔɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪntrɔɪt|ɪnˈtrəʊɪt
origin:
late Middle English (denoting an entrance or the action of going in): via Old French from Latin introitus, from introire ‘enter’, from intro- ‘to the inside’ + ire ‘go’.


word: INTRON
russian_word: интрон
origin: 1970s: from intra- ‘within’ + -on.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪntrɒn
phonetics_text: ˈɪntrɒn
definition:
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.


word: INTROSPECT
russian_word: заниматься самоанализом
example: what they don't do is introspect much about the reasons for their plight
definition: examine one's own thoughts or feelings.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌɪntrə(ʊ)ˈspɛkt
phonetics_text: ˌɪntrə(ʊ)ˈspɛkt
origin:
late 17th century: from Latin introspect- ‘looked into’, from the verb introspicere, or from introspectare ‘keep looking into’.


word: INTROSPECTION
russian_word: самоанализ
example: quiet introspection can be extremely valuable
definition: the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntrə(ʊ)ˈspɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntrə(ʊ)ˈspɛkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
brooding|self-analysis|soul-searching|heart-searching|introversion|self-observation|self-absorption|contemplation|thoughtfulness|pensiveness|thought|thinking|musing|rumination|meditation|pondering|reflection|cogitation|navel-gazing


word: INTROSPECTIVE
russian_word: интроспективный
example: he grew withdrawn and introspective
definition: characterized by or given to introspection.
antonyms: outward-looking|extrovert
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪntrəˈspɛktɪv
phonetics_text: ɪntrəˈspɛktɪv
synonyms:
inward-looking|self-analysing|self-examining|self-observing|brooding|introverted|introvert|self-contained|contemplative|thoughtful|pensive|musing|ruminative|meditative|reflective|navel-gazing|indrawn


word: INTROVERT
russian_word: интроверт
definition: a shy, reticent person.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic:
mid 17th century (as a verb in the general sense ‘turn one's thoughts inwards (in spiritual contemplation’)): from modern Latin introvertere, from intro- ‘to the inside’ + vertere ‘to turn’. Its use as a term in psychology dates from the early 20th century.


word: INTROVERTED
russian_word: интровертированный
antonyms: extroverted
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪntrə(ʊ)vəːtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈɪntrə(ʊ)vəːtɪd
definition:
of, denoting, or typical of an introvert.|(of an organ or other body part) turned or pushed inward on itself.

synonyms:
shy|reserved|withdrawn|reticent|diffident|retiring|quiet|timid|timorous|meek|bashful|unsociable|introspective|introvert|inward-looking|self-contained|self-absorbed|self-interested|contemplative|thoughtful|pensive|ruminative|meditative|reflective|indrawn


word: INTRUDE
russian_word: вторгаться
example: he had no right to intrude into their lives|the granite may have intruded these rock layers
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtruːd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtruːd
definition:
put oneself deliberately into a place or situation where one is unwelcome or uninvited.|(of igneous rock) be forced or thrust into (an existing formation).

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘usurp an office or right’; originally as entrude ): from Latin intrudere, from in- ‘into’ + trudere ‘to thrust’.


word: INTRUDER
russian_word: нарушитель
example: the intruder had pulled out drawers and dumped their contents on the floor
definition: a person who intrudes, especially into a building with criminal intent.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtruːdə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtruːdə
synonyms:
trespasser|interloper|invader|prowler|infiltrator|encroacher|violator|burglar|housebreaker|thief|raider|robber|cat burglar


word: INTRUSION
russian_word: вторжение
example: he was furious about this intrusion into his private life
antonyms: withdrawal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈtruːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtruːʒ(ə)n
definition:
the action of intruding.|the action or process of forcing a body of igneous rock between or through existing formations, without reaching the surface.

synonyms:
encroachment on|trespass on|obtrusion into|invasion of|incursion into|violation of|interruption of|intervention in|interference with|disturbance of|disruption of|infringement of|impingement on

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘invasion, usurpation’): from medieval Latin intrusio(n- ), from Latin intrudere ‘thrust in’ (see intrude).


word: INTRUSIVE
russian_word: навязчивый
example: that was an intrusive question
antonyms: low-key
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtruːsɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtruːsɪv
definition:
causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited.|(of a sound) pronounced between words or syllables to facilitate pronunciation, such as an r in saw a film.|relating to or formed by intrusion.

synonyms:
intruding|invasive|obtrusive|interrupting|trespassing|unwanted|unwelcome|meddlesome|meddling|interfering|busybody|inquisitive|prying|curious|pushy|nosy|impossible to ignore|high-profile|prominent|unavoidable|inescapable|disturbing|annoying|irritating|irksome|in one's face|personal|forward|impudent|impertinent|offensive|nosy-parker|snooping|snoopy


word: IN TRUTH
russian_word: поистине
example: in truth, she was more than a little unhappy
definition: really; in fact.
synonyms:
in fact|in actual fact|in point of fact|as a matter of fact|in reality|really|actually|to tell the truth|if truth be told|in sooth


word: INTUBATION
russian_word: интубация
example: intubation was required to restore her own breathing
origin: late 19th century: from intubate + -ation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntjʊˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntjʊˈbeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the insertion of a tube into a patient's body, especially that of an artificial ventilation tube into the trachea.


word: INTUIT
russian_word: постигать интуитивно
example: I intuited his real identity
definition: understand or work out by instinct.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈtjuːɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtjuːɪt
origin:
late 18th century (in the sense ‘instruct, teach’): from Latin intuit- ‘contemplated’, from the verb intueri, from in- ‘upon’ + tueri ‘to look’.


word: INTUITION
russian_word: интуиция
example: we shall allow our intuition to guide us
definition: the ability to understand something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning.
antonyms: intellect
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntjʊˈɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪntjʊˈɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
instinct|intuitiveness|sixth sense|divination|clairvoyance|second sight|ESP (extrasensory perception)

origin:
late Middle English (denoting spiritual insight or immediate spiritual communication): from late Latin intuitio(n- ), from Latin intueri ‘consider’ (see intuit).


word: INTUITIONISM
russian_word: интуитивизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪntjʊˈɪʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ɪntjʊˈɪʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
the theory that primary truths and principles (especially those of ethics and metaphysics) are known directly by intuition.


word: INTUITIVE
russian_word: интуитивный
example: his intuitive understanding of the readers' real needs
definition: using or based on what one feels to be true even without conscious reasoning; instinctive.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv
synonyms:
instinctive|intuitional|instinctual|innate|inborn|inherent|untaught|unlearned|natural|congenital|inbuilt|built-in|ingrown|automatic|unconscious|subconscious|involuntary|spontaneous|impulsive|unthinking|gut

origin:
late 15th century (originally used of sight, in the sense ‘accurate, unerring’): from medieval Latin intuitivus, from Latin intueri (see intuit).


word: INTUMESCE
russian_word: распухать
definition: swell up.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌɪntjʊˈmɛs
phonetics_text: ˌɪntjʊˈmɛs
origin:
late 18th century: from Latin intumescere, from in- ‘into’ + tumescere ‘begin to swell’ (from tumere ‘swell’).


word: INTUMESCENT
russian_word: вспучивающаяся
example: intumescent fire-retardant paints
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪntʃʊˈmɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌɪntʃʊˈmɛs(ə)nt
definition:
(of a coating or sealant) swelling up when heated, thus protecting the material underneath or sealing a gap in the event of a fire.


word: IN TURN
russian_word: вперемежку
example: everyone took it in turn to attack my work
definition: in succession; one after the other.
synonyms:
one after the other|one by one|one at a time|in succession|successively|sequentially|in order|seriatim


word: INTUSSUSCEPTION
russian_word: инвагинация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪntəsəˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪntəsəˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
example:
intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in those 3 months to 6 years of age|the area of the surface increases uniformly by intussusception

definition:
the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another.|the growth of a cell wall by the deposition of cellulose.

origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘absorption’): from modern Latin intussusceptio(n- ), from Latin intus ‘within’ + susceptio(n- ) (from suscipere ‘take up’).


word: INULIN
russian_word: инулин
origin: early 19th century: from Latin inula (identified by medieval herbalists with elecampane) + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnjʊlɪn
phonetics_text: ˈɪnjʊlɪn
definition:
a complex of sugar present in the roots of various plants and used medically to test kidney function. It is a polysaccharide based on fructose.


word: INUNDATE
russian_word: наводнять
definition: overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with.|flood.
synonyms: overwhelm|overpower|overburden|overrun|overload|swamp|bog down|besiege|snow under|bury|bombard|glut
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪnʌndeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪnʌndeɪt
example:
we've been inundated with complaints from listeners|the islands may be the first to be inundated as sea levels rise

origin:
late 16th century: (earlier (late Middle English) as inundation ) from Latin inundat- ‘flooded’, from the verb inundare, from in- ‘into, upon’ + undare ‘to flow’ (from unda ‘a wave’).


word: INUNDATION
russian_word: наводнение
example: an inundation of rugby fans|the annual inundation of the Nile
definition: an overwhelming abundance of people or things.|flooding.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnʌnˈdeɪʃn
phonetics_text: ˌɪnʌnˈdeɪʃn
synonyms:
flood|overflow|deluge|torrent|influx|tidal wave|flash flood|freshet|spate|onslaught|outpouring|hail|avalanche|flow|barrage|battery|effusion|overabundance|superabundance|plethora|excess|superfluity|surplus|glut|tons|heaps


word: INURE
russian_word: приучать
example: these children have been inured to violence
antonyms: sensitize
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪˈnjʊə
phonetics_text: ɪˈnjʊə|ɪˈnjɔː
definition:
accustom (someone) to something, especially something unpleasant.|variant spelling of enure (sense 1).

synonyms:
harden|toughen|season|temper|condition|accustom|habituate|familiarize|acclimatize|adjust|adapt|attune|desensitize|dehumanize|brutalize|case-harden|indurate

origin:
late Middle English inure, enure, from an Anglo-Norman French phrase meaning ‘in use or practice’, from en ‘in’ + Old French euvre ‘work’ (from Latin opera ).


word: INVADE
russian_word: вторгаться
example: during the Second World War the island was invaded by the Axis powers
definition: (of an armed force) enter (a country or region) so as to subjugate or occupy it.
antonyms: withdraw from
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈveɪd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈveɪd
synonyms:
occupy|conquer|capture|seize|take (over)|annex|win|gain|secure|march into|overrun|overwhelm|storm|descend on|swoop on|swarm over|surge over|make inroads on|attack|assail|assault|raid|plunder|maraud

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘attack or assault (a person’)): from Latin invadere, from in- ‘into’ + vadere ‘go’.


word: INVADER
russian_word: захватчик
example: it is a country that has repelled all invaders
definition: a person or group that invades a country, region, or other place.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈveɪdə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈveɪdə
synonyms:
attacker|raider|plunderer|pillager|marauder|looter|occupier|conqueror|assailant|assaulter|intruder|trespasser|violator|encroacher|infringer


word: INVAGINATION
russian_word: инвагинация
origin: mid 17th century: from modern Latin invaginatio(n- ), based on in-2 ‘into’ + Latin vagina ‘sheath’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌvadʒɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˌvadʒɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of being turned inside out or folded back on itself to form a cavity or pouch.


word: IN VAIN
russian_word: тщетно
example: they waited in vain for a response
definition: without success or a result.
antonyms: successfully|successful|productive
synonyms:
unsuccessfully|vainly|without success|to no avail|to no purpose|ineffectually|with no result|fruitlessly|profitlessly|unproductively|futile|useless|pointless|worthless|nugatory|ineffective|ineffectual|inefficacious|impotent|powerless|unavailing|fruitless|profitless|unproductive|unsuccessful|abortive|thwarted|balked|frustrated|foiled|bootless


word: INVALID
russian_word: инвалид
example: she spent the rest of her life as an invalid
definition: a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury.
antonyms: healthy
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnvəlɪd
phonetics_text: ˈɪnvəlɪd
synonyms:
ill|sick|ailing|unwell|infirm|valetudinarian|valetudinary|in poor health|incapacitated|disabled|handicapped|bedridden|frail|feeble|weak|debilitated|sickly|poorly|ill person|infirm person|sick person|sufferer|patient|convalescent

origin:
mid 17th century (as an adjective in the sense ‘infirm or disabled’): a special sense of invalid2, with a change of pronunciation.


word: INVALIDATE
russian_word: аннулировать
example: a technical flaw in her papers invalidated her nomination
antonyms: validate|support
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvalɪdeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvalɪdeɪt
definition:
make or prove (an argument, statement, or theory) unsound or erroneous.|deprive (an official document or procedure) of legal validity because it contravenes a regulation or law.

synonyms:
disprove|show/prove to be false|refute|explode|contradict|rebut|negate|gainsay|belie|give the lie to|discredit|expose|debunk|knock the bottom out of|weaken|undermine|compromise|shoot full of holes|shoot down (in flames)|confute|negative

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin invalidat- ‘annulled’, from the verb invalidare (based on Latin validus ‘strong’).


word: INVALUABLE
russian_word: бесценный
example: an invaluable source of information
definition: extremely useful; indispensable.
antonyms: dispensable|superfluous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvaljʊ(ə)b(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvaljʊ(ə)b(ə)l
synonyms:
indispensable|crucial|critical|key|vital|irreplaceable|extremely useful|extremely helpful|all-important|vitally important|of the utmost importance


word: INVAR
russian_word: инвар
origin: early 20th century: abbreviation of invariable.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnvɑː
phonetics_text: ˈɪnvɑː
definition:
an alloy of iron and nickel with a negligible coefficient of expansion, used in the making of clocks and scientific instruments.


word: INVARIABLE
russian_word: неизменный
example: his routine was invariable
definition: never changing.
antonyms: varied|variable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛːrɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛːrɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unvarying|unchanging|changeless|unvaried|invariant|constant|stable|set|steady|fast|static|uniform|predictable|regular|consistent|undeviating|unfluctuating|unwavering|unchangeable|unalterable|immutable|fixed

origin:
late Middle English: from French, or from late Latin invariabilis, from in- ‘not’ + variabilis (see variable).


word: INVARIABLY
russian_word: неизменно
example: ranch meals are invariably big and hearty
definition: in every case or on every occasion; always.
antonyms: sometimes|never
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛːrɪəbli
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛːrɪəbli
synonyms:
always|every time|each time|on every occasion|at all times|without fail|without exception|whatever happens|universally|everywhere|in all places|in all cases|in every case|in all instances|in every instance|regularly|consistently|repeatedly|habitually|unfailingly|day in|day out|infallibly|inevitably|dependably


word: INVASION
russian_word: вторжение
example: Napoleon's disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812
definition: an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force.
antonyms: withdrawal
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin invasio(n- ), from the verb invadere (see invade).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈveɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈveɪʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
occupation|conquering|capture|seizure|annexation|annexing|takeover|appropriation|expropriation|arrogation|overrunning|overwhelming|storming|attack|incursion|offensive|assailing|assault|onslaught|foray|sortie|raid


word: INVASIVE
russian_word: агрессивный
example: patients suffering from invasive cancer
definition: tending to spread very quickly and undesirably or harmfully.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈveɪsɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈveɪsɪv
origin:
late Middle English: from obsolete French invasif, -ive or medieval Latin invasivus, from Latin invadere (see invade).


word: INVECTIVE
russian_word: брань
example: he let out a stream of invective
definition: insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
antonyms: praise
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛktɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛktɪv
synonyms:
abuse|insults|vituperation|expletives|swear words|swearing|curses|bad language|foul language|denunciation|censure|revilement|vilification|castigation|recrimination|reproach|reproval|admonition|tongue-lashing|contumely|billingsgate|obloquy

origin:
late Middle English (originally as an adjective meaning ‘reviling, abusive’): from Old French invectif, -ive, from late Latin invectivus ‘attacking’, from invehere (see inveigh). The noun is from late Latin invectiva (oratio) ‘abusive or censorious (language)’.


word: INVEIGH
russian_word: яростно нападать
example: he liked to inveigh against all forms of academic training
definition: speak or write about (something) with great hostility.
antonyms: support
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈveɪ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈveɪ
synonyms:
fulminate|declaim|protest|rail|rage|remonstrate|storm|denounce|censure|condemn|decry|criticize|complain vehemently about|disparage|denigrate|run down|revile|abuse|vilify|impugn|lash|tongue-lash|kick up a fuss about|kick up a stink about|bellyache about|beef about|grouch about|sound off about

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘carry in, introduce’; formerly also as enveigh ): from Latin invehere ‘carry in’, invehi ‘be carried into, assail’, from in- ‘into’ + vehere ‘carry’.


word: INVEIGLE
russian_word: заманивать
example: we cannot inveigle him into putting pen to paper
definition: persuade (someone) to do something by means of deception or flattery.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈviːɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈviːɡ(ə)l|ɪnˈveɪɡ(ə)l
synonyms:
cajole|wheedle|coax|persuade|convince|talk|tempt|lure|allure|entice|ensnare|seduce|flatter|beguile|dupe|fool|sweet-talk|soft-soap|butter up|twist someone's arm|con|bamboozle|sucker|blandish

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘beguile, deceive’; formerly also as enveigle ): from Anglo-Norman French envegler, alteration of Old French aveugler ‘to blind’, from aveugle ‘blind’.


word: INVENT
russian_word: изобретать
example: he invented an improved form of the steam engine
definition: create or design (something that has not existed before); be the originator of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛnt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛnt
synonyms:
originate|create|innovate|design|devise|contrive|formulate|develop|conceive|think up|come up with|hit on|mastermind|pioneer|discover|find|coin|mint|dream up

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘find out, discover’): from Latin invent- ‘contrived, discovered’, from the verb invenire, from in- ‘into’ + venire ‘come’.


word: INVENTION
russian_word: изобретение
example: the invention of printing in the 15th century
definition: the action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛnʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
origination|creation|innovation|devising|contriving|contrivance|formulation|development|design|conception|masterminding|pioneering|introduction|discovery|finding

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘finding out, discovery’): from Latin inventio(n- ), from invenire ‘discover’ (see invent).


word: INVENTIVE
russian_word: изобретательный
example: the most inventive composer of his time
definition: having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛntɪv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛntɪv
origin:
late Middle English: from French inventif, -ive or medieval Latin inventivus, from Latin invenire ‘discover’ (see invent).


word: INVENTIVENESS
russian_word: изобретательность
example: the inventiveness of the staging
definition: the quality of being inventive; creativity.
antonyms: unimaginativeness|unoriginality
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛntɪvnəs
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛntɪvnəs
synonyms:
creativity|originality|innovation|invention|imagination|imaginativeness|creative power|creative talent|creative gift|fertility|ingeniousness|resourcefulness|enterprise|artistry|inspiration|giftedness|talent|virtuosity|accomplishment|mastery|skill|cleverness|unusualness|freshness|novelty|newness|break with tradition|quirkiness|unfamiliarity|unconventionality|unorthodoxy


word: INVENTOR
russian_word: изобретатель
definition: a person who invented a particular process or device or who invents things as an occupation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛntə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛntə
synonyms:
originator|creator|innovator|designer|deviser|developer|maker|planner|framer|producer|author|architect|pioneer|mastermind|father|prime mover|scientist|discoverer|boffin|neoteric|begetter


word: INVENTORY
russian_word: инвентарь
definition: a complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnv(ə)nt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈɪnv(ə)nt(ə)ri
synonyms:
list|listing|catalogue|directory|record|register|checklist|tally|roster|file|log|account|archive|description|statement

origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin inventorium, alteration of late Latin inventarium, literally ‘a list of what is found’, from Latin invenire ‘come upon’.


word: INVERSION
russian_word: инверсия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvəːʃ(ə)n
example:
the inversion of the normal domestic arrangement|since the company maintains a franchisee model, it is a viable target for inversion

definition:
the action of inverting something or the state of being inverted.|a reversal of the normal decrease of air temperature with altitude, or of water temperature with depth.|the process of finding a quantity, function, etc. from a given one such that the product of the two under a particular operation is the identity.|the action or practice of relocating a multinational company's legal residence to a jurisdiction where taxes are levied at a lower rate.|homosexuality.

synonyms:
reversal|transposition|turning about|turning upside down|reverse|contrary|antithesis|converse|transposal|contrareity|antipode

origin:
mid 16th century (as a term in rhetoric, denoting the turning of an argument against the person who put it forward): from Latin inversio(n- ), from the verb invertere (see invert1).


word: INVERT
russian_word: инвертировать
example: invert the mousse on to a serving plate
definition: put upside down or in the opposite position, order, or arrangement.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
turn upside down|upturn|upend|turn about|turn around|turn inside out|turn back to front|reverse|flip (over)|transpose

phonetic:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘turn back to front’): from Latin invertere, literally ‘turn inside out’, from in- ‘into’ + vertere ‘to turn’.


word: INVERTEBRATE
russian_word: беспозвоночный
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət
definition:
an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusc, annelid, coelenterate, etc. The invertebrates constitute an artificial division of the animal kingdom, comprising 95 per cent of animal species and about thirty different phyla.

origin:
early 19th century (as a noun): from modern Latin invertebrata (plural) ‘the invertebrates’ (former taxonomic group), from French invertébrés, from in- ‘without’ + Latin vertebra (see vertebra).


word: INVERTER
russian_word: инвертор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvəːtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvəːtə
definition:
an apparatus which converts direct current into alternating current.|a device that converts either of the two binary digits or signals into the other.


word: INVEST
russian_word: инвестировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛst
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛst
example:
the company is to invest £12 m in its manufacturing site at Linlithglow|the passage of time has invested the words with an unintended humour|he stands before you invested in the full canonicals of his calling|Fort Pulaski was invested and captured

definition:
put (money) into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit.|provide or endow someone or something with (a particular quality or attribute).|clothe or cover with a garment.|surround (a place) in order to besiege or blockade it.

synonyms:
put money into|sink money into|lay out money on|plough money into|provide capital for|spend money on|fund|back|finance|underwrite|subsidize|support|pay for|buy into|buy shares in|buy/take a stake in|get a piece of|splash out on

origin:
mid 16th century (in the senses ‘clothe’, ‘clothe with the insignia of a rank’, and ‘endow with authority’): from French investir or Latin investire, from in- ‘into, upon’ + vestire ‘clothe’ (from vestis ‘clothing’). invest (sense 1) (early 17th century) is influenced by Italian investire .


word: INVESTIGATE
russian_word: исследовать
example: police are investigating a claim that the man was beaten unconscious by a gang
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛstɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛstɪɡeɪt
definition:
carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of (an incident, allegation, etc.) so as to establish the truth.

synonyms:
inquire into|look into|go into|look over|probe|explore|scrutinize|conduct an investigation into|conduct an inquiry into|make inquiries about|try to get to the bottom of|inspect|analyse|study|examine|consider|research|pore over|delve into|audit|evaluate|follow up|check out|suss out|give something the once-over|scope out

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin investigat- ‘traced out’, from the verb investigare, from in- ‘into’ + vestigare ‘track, trace out’.


word: INVESTIGATION
russian_word: исследование
example: he is under investigation for receiving illicit funds
definition: the action of investigating something or someone; formal or systematic examination or research.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin investigatio(n- ), from the verb investigare (see investigate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
examination|inquiry|study|inspection|exploration|consideration|analysis|appraisal|research|scrutiny|scrutinization|scanning|perusal|sifting|fact-finding|probe|review|survey|search|inquest|hearing|questioning|interrogation|inquisition|audit|evaluation|snoop|snooping|post-mortem|recce


word: INVESTIGATOR
russian_word: следователь
example: accident investigators are at the crash site
definition: a person who carries out a formal inquiry or investigation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛstɪɡeɪtə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛstɪɡeɪtə
synonyms:
inspector|examiner|inquirer|explorer|analyst|analyser|researcher|scrutineer|scrutinizer|factfinder|prober|surveyor|searcher|checker|monitor|detective|questioner|inquisitor


word: INVESTMENT
russian_word: инвестиции
example: a debate over private investment in road-building
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛs(t)m(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛs(t)m(ə)nt
definition:
the action or process of investing money for profit.|the surrounding of a place by a hostile force in order to besiege or blockade it.

synonyms:
investing|speculation|expenditure|outlay|funding|backing|financing|underwriting|buying shares|stake|share|portion|interest|money/capital invested|ante


word: INVESTOR
russian_word: инвестор
example: foreign investors in the British commercial property sector
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛstə
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛstə
definition:
a person or organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, etc. with the expectation of achieving a profit.


word: INVETERATE
russian_word: заядлый
example: an inveterate gambler
definition: having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvɛt(ə)rət
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɛt(ə)rət
synonyms:
ingrained|deep-seated|deep-rooted|deep-set|entrenched|established|long-established|congenital|ineradicable|incurable|irredeemable

origin:
late Middle English (referring to disease, in the sense ‘of long standing, chronic’): from Latin inveteratus ‘made old’, past participle of inveterare (based on vetus, veter- ‘old’).


word: INVIGILATE
russian_word: следить за экзаменующимися во время экзамена
example: during exam week, all she had to do was invigilate
definition: supervise candidates during an examination.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪt
origin:
mid 16th century (in the general sense ‘watch over, keep watch’): from Latin invigilat- ‘watched over’, from the verb invigilare, from in- ‘upon, towards’ + vigilare ‘watch’ (from vigil ‘watchful’).


word: INVIGORATE
russian_word: укреплять
example: the shower had invigorated her
definition: give strength or energy to.
antonyms: tire|tiring
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɪɡəreɪt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɪɡəreɪt
synonyms:
revitalize|energize|refresh|revive|vivify|brace|rejuvenate|enliven|liven up|perk up|wake up|animate|galvanize|electrify|stimulate|motivate|rouse|exhilarate|excite|rally|hearten|uplift|encourage|fortify|strengthen|put new strength/life/heart in|buck up|pep up|give a new lease of life to|revitalizing|energizing|refreshing|reviving|vivifying|bracing|rejuvenating|enlivening|restorative|galvanizing|electrifying|stimulating|rousing|exhilarating|exciting|rallying|heartening|uplifting|encouraging|fortifying|strengthening|health-giving|healthy|tonic

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin invigorat- ‘made strong’, from the verb invigorare, from in- ‘towards’ + Latin vigorare ‘make strong’ (from vigor ‘vigour’).


word: INVINCIBLE
russian_word: непобедимый
example: an invincible warrior
definition: too powerful to be defeated or overcome.
antonyms: vulnerable|defenceless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvɪnsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɪnsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
invulnerable|indestructible|unconquerable|unbeatable|indomitable|unassailable|unyielding|unflinching|unbending|unshakeable|indefatigable|dauntless|impregnable|inviolable|secure|safe

origin:
late Middle English (earlier than vincible ): via Old French from Latin invincibilis, from in- ‘not’ + vincibilis (see vincible).


word: INVIOLABLE
russian_word: нерушимый
example: an inviolable rule of chastity
definition: never to be broken, infringed, or dishonoured.
antonyms: partial
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvʌɪələb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvʌɪələb(ə)l
synonyms:
inalienable|absolute|untouchable|unalterable|unchallengeable|unbreakable|impregnable|sacrosanct|sacred|holy|hallowed|intemerate

origin:
late Middle English: from French, or from Latin inviolabilis, from in- ‘not’ + violabilis ‘able to be violated’ (from the verb violare ).


word: INVIOLATE
russian_word: неоскверненный
example: an international memorial which must remain inviolate
definition: free or safe from injury or violation.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin inviolatus, from in- ‘not’ + violare ‘violate’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvʌɪələt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvʌɪələt
synonyms:
untouched|undamaged|unhurt|unharmed|unscathed|unmarred|unspoiled|unimpaired|unflawed|unsullied|unstained|undefiled|unpolluted|unprofaned|perfect|pristine|pure|virgin|intact|unbroken|whole|entire|complete|sound|solid|scatheless


word: INVISIBLE
russian_word: невидимый
example: this invisible gas is present to some extent in every home|invisible exports
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɪzɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɪzɪb(ə)l
definition:
unable to be seen.|relating to or denoting earnings which a country makes from the sale of services or other items not constituting tangible commodities.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin invisibilis, from in- ‘not’ + visibilis (see visible).


word: INVITING
russian_word: привлекательный
example: the sea down there looks so inviting
definition: offering the promise of an attractive or enjoyable experience.
antonyms: repellent|offensive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvʌɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvʌɪtɪŋ
synonyms:
tempting|enticing|alluring|beguiling|winning|attractive|appealing|pleasant|agreeable|delightful|appetizing|mouth-watering|fascinating|engaging|enchanting|entrancing|bewitching|captivating|intriguing|irresistible|ravishing|seductive|tantalizing


word: IN VITRO
russian_word: искусственно
example: in vitro fertilization
origin: late 19th century: Latin, literally ‘in glass’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ɪn ˈviːtrəʊ
phonetics_text: ɪn ˈviːtrəʊ
definition:
(of a process) performed or taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism.


word: INVOCATION
russian_word: вызов
example: his invocation of the ancient powers of Callanish
definition: the action of invoking someone or something.
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin invocatio(n- ), from the verb invocare (see invoke).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪnvə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌɪnvə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
citation|mention|acknowledgement|calling on|appeal to|reference to|allusion to|summoning|bringing|calling|conjuring (up)


word: INVOICE
russian_word: счет-фактура
definition: a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these; a bill.
synonyms: bill|account|statement|statement of charges|itemization|reckoning|tally|check|tab|score
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪnvɔɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɪnvɔɪs
origin:
mid 16th century: originally the plural of obsolete invoy, from obsolete French envoy from envoyer ‘send’ (see envoy).


word: INVOKE
russian_word: вызывать
example: the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England
antonyms: waive
origin: late 15th century: from French invoquer, from Latin invocare, from in- ‘upon’ + vocare ‘to call’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvəʊk
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvəʊk
definition:
call on (a deity or spirit) in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration.|cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument.|cause (a procedure) to be carried out.

synonyms:
pray to|call on|appeal to|plead with|supplicate|entreat|solicit|beseech|beg|implore|importune|petition|call for|request|obtest|obsecrate|impetrate


word: INVOLUCRE
russian_word: обвертка соцветия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnvəl(j)uːkə
phonetics_text: ˈɪnvəl(j)uːkə
definition:
a membranous envelope.|a whorl or rosette of bracts surrounding an inflorescence (especially a capitulum) or at the base of an umbel.

origin:
late 16th century: from French, or from Latin involucrum, from involvere ‘roll in, envelop’ (see involve).


word: INVOLUNTARY
russian_word: непроизвольный
example: she gave an involuntary shudder|a policy of involuntary repatriation
definition: done without will or conscious control.|done against someone's will; compulsory.
antonyms: voluntary|deliberate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvɒlənt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɒlənt(ə)ri
synonyms:
reflex|reflexive|automatic|knee-jerk|mechanical|unconditioned|spontaneous|instinctive|instinctual|impulsive|unconscious|unthinking|unintentional|unintended|unplanned|inadvertent|uncontrolled|uncontrollable


word: INVOLUTION
russian_word: инволюция
example: periods of artistic involution
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnvəˈl(j)uːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪnvəˈl(j)uːʃ(ə)n
definition:
the shrinkage of an organ in old age or when inactive, e.g. of the uterus after childbirth.|a function, transformation, or operator that is equal to its inverse, i.e. which gives the identity when applied to itself.|the process of complicating something, or the state of being complicated.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense (‘part) curling inwards’): from Latin involutio(n- ), from involvere (see involve).


word: INVOLVE
russian_word: включать
example: my job involves a lot of travelling
definition: have or include (something) as a necessary or integral part or result.
antonyms: preclude
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪnˈvɒlv
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɒlv
synonyms:
require|necessitate|demand|call for|entail|mean|imply|presuppose|presume|assume|appertain to|pertain to|relate to|concern

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘enfold’ and ‘entangle’; formerly also as envolve ): from Latin involvere, from in- ‘into’ + volvere ‘to roll’.


word: INVOLVED
russian_word: участие
example: a long, involved conversation
definition: difficult to understand; complicated.
antonyms: straightforward|simple
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvɒlvd
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɒlvd
synonyms:
complicated|intricate|complex|elaborate|confused|confusing|bewildering|jumbled|tangled|entangled|convoluted|knotty|mixed up|impenetrable|unfathomable|tortuous|labyrinthine|Byzantine|difficult|hard


word: INVOLVEMENT
russian_word: участие
example: US officials produced evidence of his involvement in drug trafficking
definition: the fact or condition of being involved with or participating in something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪnˈvɒlvm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvɒlvm(ə)nt
synonyms:
participation|action|hand|collaboration|collusion|complicity|connivance|implication|incrimination|inculpation|association|connection|attachment|embroilment|entanglement|inclusion


word: INVULNERABLE
russian_word: неуязвимый
example: no state in the region is now invulnerable to attack by another
definition: impossible to harm or damage.
antonyms: vulnerable|defenceless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪnˈvʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪnˈvʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
impervious|insusceptible|immune|insensitive|indestructible|impenetrable|impregnable|unassailable|unattackable|inviolable|invincible|unshakeable|secure|safe|safe and sound|strong|fortress-like|proof against

origin:
late 16th century (earlier than vulnerable ): from Latin invulnerabilis, from in- ‘not’ + vulnerabilis (see vulnerable).


word: INWARDLY
russian_word: внутренне
example: inwardly seething, he did as he was told
definition: within the mind.
antonyms: outwardly|out loud
origin: Old English inweardlīce (see inward, -ly2).
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɪnwədli
phonetics_text: ˈɪnwədli
synonyms:
inside|internally|within|deep down (inside)|deep within|at heart|in one's heart (of hearts)|in one's mind|to oneself|privately|secretly|confidentially


word: INWARDNESS
russian_word: внутренняя сила
example: I sensed his inwardness and his desire not to talk
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪnwədnɪs
phonetics_text: ˈɪnwədnɪs
definition:
preoccupation with one's inner self; concern with spiritual or philosophical matters rather than externalities.


word: IODINE
russian_word: йод
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪədiːn
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪədiːn|ˈʌɪədʌɪn|ˈʌɪədɪn
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 53, a non-metallic element forming black crystals and a violet vapour.

origin:
early 19th century: from French iode (from Greek iōdēs ‘violet-coloured’, from ion ‘violet’ + -eidēs ‘like’) + -ine4.


word: IODOFORM
russian_word: йодоформ
origin: mid 19th century: from iodine, on the pattern of chloroform .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˈəʊdə(ʊ)fɔːm
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈəʊdə(ʊ)fɔːm|ˈʌɪədə(ʊ)fɔːm|ʌɪˈɒdə(ʊ)fɔːm
definition:
a volatile pale yellow sweet-smelling crystalline organic compound of iodine, with antiseptic properties.


word: IODOMETRY
russian_word: йодометрия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪəˈdɒmɪtri
phonetics_text: ʌɪəˈdɒmɪtri
definition:
the quantitative analysis of a solution of an oxidizing agent by adding an iodide which reacts to form iodine, which is then titrated.


word: IONIZE
russian_word: ионизировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈʌɪənʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪənʌɪz
definition:
convert (an atom, molecule, or substance) into an ion or ions, typically by removing one or more electrons.


word: IONIZER
russian_word: ионизатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪənʌɪzə
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪənʌɪzə
definition:
a device which produces ionization, especially one used to improve the quality of the air in a room.


word: IONOMER
russian_word: иономер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˈɒnəmə
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈɒnəmə
definition:
any of a class of polymer materials consisting of thermoplastic resins stabilized by ionic cross-linkages, used to make dental cement and sealants.


word: IONOSPHERE
russian_word: ионосфера
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˈɒnəsfɪə
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈɒnəsfɪə
definition:
the layer of the earth's atmosphere which contains a high concentration of ions and free electrons and is able to reflect radio waves. It lies above the mesosphere and extends from about 80 to 1,000 km above the earth's surface.


word: IONTOPHORESIS
russian_word: ионтофорез
origin: early 20th century: from ion, on the pattern of electrophoresis .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˌɒntə(ʊ)fəˈriːsɪs
phonetics_text: ʌɪˌɒntə(ʊ)fəˈriːsɪs
definition:
a technique of introducing ionic medicinal compounds into the body through the skin by applying a local electric current.


word: IOTA
russian_word: йота
example: nothing she said seemed to make an iota of difference
definition: the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Ι, ι ), transliterated as ‘i’.|an extremely small amount.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˈəʊtə
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈəʊtə
synonyms:
bit|mite|speck|scrap|shred|ounce|scintilla|atom|jot|tittle|jot or tittle|whit|little bit|tiniest bit|particle|fraction|morsel|grain|soupçon|smidgen|smidge|tad|ha'p'orth|scruple|scantling

origin:
from Greek iōta . iota (sense 2) arose because iota is the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet: compare with jot.


word: IPECACUANHA
russian_word: ипекакуана
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪpɪkakjʊˈanə
phonetics_text: ˌɪpɪkakjʊˈanə
definition:
the dried rhizome of a South American shrub, or a drug prepared from this, used as an emetic and expectorant.|the shrub that produces ipecacuanha, native to Brazil and cultivated elsewhere.

origin:
early 17th century: from Portuguese, from Tupi-Guarani ipekaaguéne ‘emetic creeper’, from ipe ‘small’ + kaa ‘leaves’ + guéne ‘vomit’.


word: IRASCIBLE
russian_word: вспыльчивый
example: an irascible and difficult man
definition: having or showing a tendency to be easily angered.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrasɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈrasɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
irritable|quick-tempered|short-tempered|bad-tempered|ill-tempered|hot-tempered|thin-skinned|snappy|snappish|tetchy|testy|touchy|edgy|crabby|waspish|dyspeptic|surly|cross|crusty|crabbed|grouchy|crotchety|cantankerous|curmudgeonly|ill-natured|ill-humoured|peevish|querulous|captious|fractious|bilious|narky|prickly|ratty|hot under the collar|iracund|iracundulous

origin:
late Middle English: via French from late Latin irascibilis, from Latin irasci ‘grow angry’, from ira ‘anger’.


word: IRATE
russian_word: разгневанный
example: a barrage of irate letters
definition: feeling or characterized by great anger.
antonyms: calm|composed
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin iratus, from ira ‘anger’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ʌɪˈreɪt
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈreɪt
synonyms:
angry|very angry|furious|infuriated|incensed|enraged|incandescent|fuming|seething|ireful|cross|mad|raging|ranting|raving|frenzied|in a frenzy|beside oneself|outraged|up in arms|indignant|annoyed|irritated|aggrieved|vexed|exasperated|frustrated|irked|piqued|foaming at the mouth|hot under the collar|hacked off|wrathful|wroth


word: IRE
russian_word: гнев
example: the plans provoked the ire of conservationists
definition: anger.
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin ira .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪə
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪə
synonyms:
anger|rage|fury|wrath|hot temper|outrage|temper|crossness|spleen|annoyance|exasperation|irritation|vexation|displeasure|chagrin|pique|indignation|resentment|choler


word: IRIDESCENT
russian_word: радужный
example: the drake's head has an iridescent purple sheen
definition: showing luminous colours that seem to change when seen from different angles.
origin: late 18th century: from Latin iris, irid- ‘rainbow’ + -escent.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪrɪˈdɛs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌɪrɪˈdɛs(ə)nt
synonyms:
shimmering|shimmery|glittering|sparkling|coruscating|dazzling|shining|gleaming|glowing|lustrous|scintillating|dancing|opalescent|opaline|multicoloured|kaleidoscopic|rainbow-like|rainbow-coloured|many-hued|prismatic|colourful|psychedelic|variegated|shot|glistering|coruscant|fulgurating|effulgent|scintillant


word: IRIDIUM
russian_word: иридий
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 77, a hard, dense silvery-white metal.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈrɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɪdɪəm|ʌɪˈrɪdɪəm
origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Latin iris, irid- ‘rainbow’ (so named because it forms compounds of various colours).


word: IRIS
russian_word: радужная оболочка
origin: modern Latin, via Latin from Greek iris ‘rainbow, iris’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈʌɪrɪs
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪrɪs
definition:
a flat, coloured, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with an adjustable circular opening (pupil) in the centre.|a plant with showy flowers, typically of purple or yellow, and sword-shaped leaves. Irises are native to both Eurasia and North America and widely cultivated as ornamentals.


word: IRISH
russian_word: ирландский
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪrɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪrɪʃ
definition:
relating to Ireland, its people, or the Celtic language traditionally and historically spoken there.

origin:
Middle English: from Old English Īr- (stem of Īras ‘the Irish’ and Īrland ‘Ireland’, obscurely related to Hibernian) + -ish1.


word: IRK
russian_word: раздражать
example: it irks her to think of the runaround she received
definition: irritate; annoy.
antonyms: please
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘be annoyed or disgusted’): perhaps from Old Norse yrkja ‘to work’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: əːk
phonetics_text: əːk
synonyms:
irritate|annoy|vex|gall|rattle|pique|rub up the wrong way|exasperate|try someone's patience|put out|displease|anger|infuriate|madden|incense|make someone's blood boil|get on someone's nerves|make angry|make cross|ruffle|ruffle someone's feathers|make someone's hackles rise|raise someone's hackles|discountenance|antagonize|provoke|goad|get someone's goat|get/put someone's back up|peeve|miff|rile|aggravate|nettle|needle|get|get to|bug|hack off|get under someone's skin|rattle someone's cage|get someone's dander up|drive mad/crazy|drive up the wall|make someone see red|wind up|brown off|cheese off|nark|get across|get on someone's wick|drive round the twist|get up someone's nose|give someone the hump|tee off|tick off|burn up|rankle|ride|gravel|bum out|rark|give someone the pip|piss off|get on someone's tits


word: IRKSOME
russian_word: надоедливый
example: an irksome journey
definition: irritating; annoying.
antonyms: pleasant|agreeable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈəːks(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈəːks(ə)m
synonyms:
irritating|annoying|vexing|vexatious|galling|exasperating|displeasing|grating|disagreeable|tiresome|wearisome|tedious|trying|troublesome|burdensome|bothersome|awkward|inconvenient|difficult|boring|uninteresting|infuriating|maddening|pesky|cussed|confounded|infernal|pestiferous|plaguy|pestilent


word: IROKO
russian_word: ироко
origin: late 19th century: from Yoruba.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈrəʊkəʊ
phonetics_text: ɪˈrəʊkəʊ|iːˈrəʊkəʊ
definition:
a tropical African tree which yields pale timber that is sometimes used as an oak or teak substitute.


word: IRON
russian_word: железо
example: a caulking iron|a four-iron
synonyms: made of iron|ferric|ferrous
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈʌɪən
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪən
definition:
a strong, hard magnetic silvery-grey metal, the chemical element of atomic number 26, much used as a material for construction and manufacturing, especially in the form of steel.|a tool or implement now or originally made of iron.|a handheld implement, typically an electrical one, with a heated flat steel base, used to smooth clothes, sheets, etc.|a golf club with a metal head (typically with a numeral indicating the degree to which the head is angled in order to loft the ball).|a meteorite containing a high proportion of iron.

origin:
Old English īren, īsen, īsern, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch ijzer and German Eisen, and probably ultimately from Celtic.


word: IRONIC
russian_word: иронический
example: his mouth curved into an ironic smile
definition: using or characterized by irony.
antonyms: sincere
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ʌɪˈrɒnɪk
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈrɒnɪk
synonyms:
sarcastic|sardonic|dry|caustic|sharp|stinging|scathing|acerbic|acid|bitter|trenchant|mordant|cynical|mocking|satirical|scoffing|ridiculing|derisory|derisive|scornful|sneering|wry|double-edged|backhanded|tongue-in-cheek|sarky

origin:
mid 17th century: from French ironique or late Latin ironicus, from Greek eirōnikos ‘dissembling, feigning ignorance’, from eirōneia (see irony1).


word: IRONING BOARD
russian_word: гладильная доска
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a long, narrow board covered with soft material and having folding legs, on which clothes, sheets, etc. are ironed.


word: IRON LUNG
russian_word: аппарат искусственного дыхания
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a rigid case fitted over a patient's body, used for administering prolonged artificial respiration by means of mechanical pumps.


word: IRON OUT
russian_word: сглаживать
example: they had ironed out their differences
definition: solve or settle difficulties or problems.
synonyms:
resolve|straighten out|sort out|clear up|settle|put right|set right|set to rights|find a solution to|solve|remedy|heal|cure|rectify|patch up|fix|mend|clean up|crack|figure out|compose|eliminate|eradicate|erase|get rid of|smooth over|harmonize|reconcile


word: IRONSTONE
russian_word: железная руда
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪənstəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪənstəʊn
definition:
sedimentary rock containing a substantial proportion of iron compounds.|a kind of dense, opaque stoneware.


word: IRONY
russian_word: ирония
example: ‘Don't go overboard with the gratitude,’ he rejoined with heavy irony
antonyms: sincerity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪrəni
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪrəni
definition:
the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

synonyms:
sarcasm|sardonicism|dryness|causticity|sharpness|acerbity|acid|bitterness|trenchancy|mordancy|cynicism|mockery|satire|ridicule|derision|scorn|sneering|wryness|backhandedness|sarkiness

origin:
early 16th century (also denoting Socratic irony): via Latin from Greek eirōneia ‘simulated ignorance’, from eirōn ‘dissembler’.


word: IRRADIANCE
russian_word: интенсивность излучения
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈreɪdɪəns
phonetics_text: ɪˈreɪdɪəns
definition:
the flux of radiant energy per unit area (normal to the direction of flow of radiant energy through a medium).|the fact of shining brightly.


word: IRRADIANT
russian_word: светящийся
definition: shining brightly.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈreɪdɪənt
phonetics_text: ɪˈreɪdɪənt
origin:
early 16th century: from Latin irradiant- ‘shining upon’, from the verb irradiare (based on radius ‘ray’).


word: IRRADIATE
russian_word: облучать
example: happiness filled her, irradiating her whole face
synonyms: treat with radiation|expose to radiation|X-ray
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪˈreɪdɪeɪt
phonetics_text: ɪˈreɪdɪeɪt
definition:
expose (someone or something) to radiation.|illuminate (something) by or as if by shining light on it.

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘emit rays, shine upon’): from Latin irradiat- ‘shone upon’, from the verb irradiare, from in- ‘upon’ + radiare ‘to shine’ (from radius ‘ray’).


word: IRRADIATION
russian_word: иррадиация
example: ultraviolet irradiation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process or fact of irradiating or being irradiated.|the apparent extension of the edges of an illuminated object seen against a dark background.


word: IRRATIONAL
russian_word: иррациональный
example: irrational feelings of hostility
antonyms: rational|logical
origin: late Middle English: from Latin irrationalis, from in- ‘not’ + rationalis (see rational).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈraʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
not logical or reasonable.|(of a number, quantity, or expression) not expressible as a ratio of two integers, and having an infinite and non-recurring expansion when expressed as a decimal. Examples of irrational numbers are the number π and the square root of 2.

synonyms:
unreasonable|illogical|groundless|baseless|unfounded|unjustifiable|unsound|absurd|ridiculous|ludicrous|silly|foolish|senseless|nonsensical|laughable|idiotic|stupid|wild|untenable|implausible|unscientific|arbitrary|crazy|mad|barmy|daft|backasswards


word: IRRATIONALITY
russian_word: иррациональность
example: the sheer irrationality of continuing a policy doomed to failure|the irrationality of square roots
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪraʃ(ə)ˈnalɪti
phonetics_text: ɪraʃ(ə)ˈnalɪti
definition:
the quality of being illogical or unreasonable.|the quality of a number, quantity, or expression being irrational.


word: IRRECONCILABLE
russian_word: непримиримый
example: these two views of the economy are irreconcilable
definition: (of ideas or statements) so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.
antonyms: compatible|similar
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪˌrɛk(ə)nˈsʌɪləb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˌrɛk(ə)nˈsʌɪləb(ə)l|ɪˈrɛk(ə)nsʌɪləb(ə)l
synonyms:
incompatible|at odds|at variance|incongruous|conflicting|clashing|discordant|antagonistic|mutually exclusive|opposite|contrary|opposing|antithetical|diametrically opposed|different|disparate|variant|dissimilar|poles apart|polar|oppugnant


word: IRRECOVERABLE
russian_word: невозвратимый
example: his liquid assets had to be written off as irrecoverable
definition: not able to be recovered, regained, or remedied.
antonyms: recoverable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈkʌv(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈkʌv(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unrecoverable|unreclaimable|irretrievable|irredeemable|irrevocable|unrestorable|unsalvageable|irremediable|lost|lost and gone|gone for ever|beyond cure|beyond hope|hopeless|written off


word: IRRECUSABLE
russian_word: неоспоримый
example: I will give him an irrecusable proof
definition: (of evidence or a statement) not able to be challenged or rejected.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪrɪˈkjuːzəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌɪrɪˈkjuːzəb(ə)l
origin:
late 18th century: via French from late Latin irrecusabilis, from in- ‘not’ + recusabilis ‘that should be refused’ (from the verb recusare ).


word: IRREDEEMABLE
russian_word: неисправимый
example: so many irredeemable mistakes have been made
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈdiːməb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈdiːməb(ə)l
definition:
not able to be saved, improved, or corrected.|(of paper currency) for which the issuing authority does not undertake to pay coin.


word: IRREFUTABLE
russian_word: неопровержимый
example: irrefutable evidence
definition: impossible to deny or disprove.
antonyms: unreliable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrɛfjʊtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛfjʊtəb(ə)l|ˌɪrɪˈfjuːtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
indisputable|undeniable|unquestionable|incontrovertible|incontestable|unassailable|impregnable|beyond question|indubitable|beyond doubt|beyond dispute|conclusive|definite|definitive|decisive|certain|sure|positive|sound|flawless|watertight|unmistakable|palpable|patent|manifest|obvious|evident|plain|clear|forceful|telling|irrefragable|apodictic

origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin irrefutabilis, from in- ‘not’ + refutabilis (from refutare ‘repel, rebut’).


word: IRREGULAR
russian_word: нерегулярный
example: his strong, irregular features|their involvement in irregular financial dealings
antonyms: regular|straight|smooth
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪˈrɛɡjʊlə
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛɡjʊlə
definition:
not even or balanced in shape or arrangement.|contrary to the rules or to that which is normal or established.|(of a verb or other word) having inflections that do not conform to the usual rules.

synonyms:
asymmetrical|non-uniform|uneven|crooked|misshapen|lopsided|contorted|twisted|twisting|serpentine|curving|broken|jagged|ragged|craggy|serrated|sawtooth|saw-edged|notched|nicked|indented|rough|bumpy|coarse|pitted|rutted|rutty|holed|holey|lumpy|knobby|knobbly|gnarled

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘not conforming to rule (especially that of the Church’)): via Old French from medieval Latin irregularis, from in- ‘not’ + regularis (see regular).


word: IRREGULARITY
russian_word: неравномерность
example: there is evidence that fraud and irregularity continue on a large scale
definition: the state or quality of being irregular.
antonyms: regularity|straightness|smoothness|steadiness|correctness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˌrɛɡjʊˈlarɪti
phonetics_text: ɪˌrɛɡjʊˈlarɪti
synonyms:
asymmetry|lack of symmetry|non-uniformity|unevenness|crookedness|lopsidedness|contortion|deformity|jaggedness|raggedness|cragginess|indentation|roughness|bumpiness|coarseness|lumpiness|knobbliness|knobbiness|inconsistency|unsteadiness|fitfulness|patchiness|haphazardness|inconstancy|instability|variability|changeableness|fluctuation|unpunctuality|unpredictability|unreliability|volatility|fickleness|caprice|casualness|desultoriness|aperiodicity|erraticism|intermittence|intermittency|impropriety|incorrectness|wrongdoing|misconduct|illegitimacy|dishonesty|corruption|immorality|unscrupulousness|unprofessionalism|inappropriateness|unacceptability|unseemliness|indecorousness|indiscretion|indelicacy|unorthodoxy|unconventionality|shadiness|abnormality|unusualness|uncommonness|strangeness|waywardness|oddness|unexpectedness|singularity|atypicality|anomaly|anomalousness|deviation|divergence|aberrancy|aberration|freakishness|peculiarity|curiousness|eccentricity|idiosyncrasy|quirkiness

origin:
Middle English: from Old French irregularite, from late Latin irregularitas, from irregularis (see irregular).


word: IRREGULARLY
russian_word: нерегулярно
example: irregularly shaped holes|a colleague was behaving irregularly|an irregularly conjugating verb
synonyms: asymmetrically|unevenly|lopsidedly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ɪˈrɛɡjʊləli
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛɡjʊləli
definition:
in a way that is not even or balanced in shape or arrangement.|in a manner contrary to that which is normal or established.|(with reference to inflections of a verb or other word) in a way that does not conform to the usual rules.


word: IRRELEVANCE
russian_word: неуместность
example: the document was withheld on grounds of irrelevance
definition: the quality or state of being irrelevant.
antonyms: relevance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈrɛlɪv(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛlɪv(ə)ns
synonyms:
inapplicability|unconnectedness|unrelatedness|peripherality|extraneousness|inappropriateness|inappositeness|inaptness|unimportance|inconsequentiality|insignificance|impertinence


word: IRRELEVANT
russian_word: не имеет значения
example: an irrelevant comment
definition: not connected with or relevant to something.
antonyms: relevant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrɛlɪv(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛlɪv(ə)nt
synonyms:
beside the point|not to the point|immaterial|not pertinent|not germane|off the subject|neither here nor there|unconnected|unrelated|peripheral|tangential|extraneous|inapposite|inapt|inapplicable|unimportant|inconsequential|insignificant|of no matter/moment|of little account|trivial|negligible|minor|trifling|petty|superficial|impertinent


word: IRRELIGIOUS
russian_word: нерелигиозный
example: an irreligious man
definition: indifferent or hostile to religion, or having no religious beliefs.
antonyms: pious|religious
origin: late Middle English: from Latin irreligiosus, from in- ‘not’ + religiosus (see religious).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs
synonyms:
atheistic|unbelieving|non-believing|non-theistic|agnostic|sceptical|heretical|faithless|godless|ungodly|unholy|impious|profane|infidel|barbarian|barbarous|heathen|heathenish|idolatrous|pagan|immoral|wicked|sinful|morally wrong|evil|bad|iniquitous|corrupt|unrighteous|sacrilegious|blasphemous|irreverent|depraved|degenerate|reprobate|vice-ridden|debauched|dissolute|perverted|dissipated|intemperate|decadent|unprincipled|erring|fallen|impure|sullied|tainted|peccable|nullifidian


word: IRREMEDIABLE
russian_word: непоправимый
example: irremediable marital breakdowns
definition: impossible to cure or put right.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪrɪˈmiːdɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌɪrɪˈmiːdɪəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin irremediabilis, from in- ‘not’ + remediabilis ‘curable’ (from remedium ‘remedy’).


word: IRREMISSIBLE
russian_word: непростительный
definition: (of a crime) unpardonable.|(of an obligation or duty) binding.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from ecclesiastical Latin irremissibilis, from in- ‘not’ + remissibilis (from remittere ‘remit’).


word: IRREPARABLE
russian_word: непоправимый
example: they were doing irreparable damage to my heart and lungs
definition: (of an injury or loss) impossible to rectify or repair.
antonyms: repairable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
irreversible|irremediable|unrectifiable|irrevocable|irretrievable|irredeemable|unrestorable|irrecoverable|unrecoverable|unrepairable|beyond repair|past mending|hopeless|past hope|beyond hope|written off

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin irreparabilis, from in- ‘not’ + reparabilis (see reparable).


word: IRREPLACEABLE
russian_word: незаменимый
example: do not send valuable or irreplaceable photographs
definition: impossible to replace if lost or damaged.
antonyms: replaceable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈpleɪsəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈpleɪsəb(ə)l
synonyms:
unique|unrepeatable|incomparable|unparalleled|priceless|invaluable|beyond price|without price|inestimably precious|of incalculable value/worth|of inestimable value/worth|of immeasurable value/worth|worth its weight in gold|treasured|prized|cherished


word: IRREPRESSIBLE
russian_word: неугомонный
example: an irrepressible rogue
definition: not able to be controlled or restrained.
antonyms: ephemeral|fragile|gloomy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈprɛsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈprɛsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
inextinguishable|unquenchable|uncontainable|uncontrollable|unstoppable|indestructible|imperishable|undying|unfading|unfailing|enduring|lasting|everlasting|eternal|persistent|ebullient|exuberant|buoyant|sunny|breezy|jaunty|light-hearted|in high spirits|high-spirited|bubbling over|sparkling|effervescent|vivacious|animated|full of life|lively|vigorous|zestful|joyful|cheerful|cheery|merry|bubbly|bouncy|peppy|zingy|upbeat|chipper|chirpy|sparky|full of beans|peart|gay|gladsome|blithe|blithesome|as merry as a grig|of good cheer


word: IRREPROACHABLE
russian_word: безукоризненный
example: his private life was irreproachable
definition: beyond criticism; faultless.
antonyms: reprehensible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəb(ə)l
synonyms:
impeccable|exemplary|model|copybook|immaculate|outstanding|exceptional|admirable|meritorious|honourable|consummate|perfect|ideal|above reproach|beyond reproach|blameless|faultless|flawless|guiltless|unimpeachable|unblemished|untarnished|stainless|spotless|pure|sinless|innocent|squeaky clean|whiter than white|snow white

origin:
mid 17th century: from French irreprochable, from in- ‘not’ + reprochable (from reprocher ‘to reproach’).


word: IRRESISTIBLE
russian_word: неотразимый
example: he found the delicious-looking cakes irresistible
definition: too attractive and tempting to be resisted.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈzɪstɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈzɪstɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
tempting|enticing|alluring|inviting|seductive|attractive|desirable|fetching|glamorous|appealing|captivating|ravishing|beguiling|enchanting|fascinating|tantalizing|come-hither

origin:
late 16th century: from medieval Latin irresistibilis, from in- ‘not’ + resistibilis (from resistere ‘resist’).


word: IRRESOLUTE
russian_word: нерешительный
example: she stood irresolute outside his door
definition: showing or feeling hesitancy; uncertain.
antonyms: decisive
origin: late 16th century: from Latin irresolutus ‘not loosened’, or from in-1 ‘not’ + resolute.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrɛzəluːt
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛzəluːt
synonyms:
indecisive|hesitant|tentative|nervous|weak|vacillating|equivocating|dithering|wavering|teetering|fluctuating|faltering|shilly-shallying|ambivalent|divided|in two minds|in a dilemma|in a quandary|torn|doubtful|in doubt|full of doubt|unsure|uncertain|undecided|uncommitted|unresolved|undetermined|iffy|blowing hot and cold|sitting on the fence


word: IRRESOLUTION
russian_word: нерешительность
example: a moment of irresolution
definition: hesitancy; uncertainty.
antonyms: decisiveness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪrɛzəˈl(j)uːʃn
phonetics_text: ˌɪrɛzəˈl(j)uːʃn|ɪˌrɛzəˈl(j)uːʃn
synonyms:
indecisiveness|indecision|irresoluteness|lack of resolution|hesitancy|hesitation|tentativeness|ambivalence|doubt|doubtfulness|unsureness|uncertainty|vacillation|equivocation|oscillation|wavering|teetering|fluctuation|faltering|second thoughts|delay|hanging back|waiting|shilly-shallying|dithering|stalling|temporizing|temporization|havering|humming and hawing|swithering|dilly-dallying|blowing hot and cold|sitting on the fence|dubiety|incertitude|cunctation


word: IRRESPECTIVE
russian_word: независимо
example: child benefit is paid irrespective of income levels
definition: not taking (something) into account; regardless of.
antonyms: according to
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv
phonetics_text: ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv
synonyms:
regardless of|without regard to/for|disregarding|ignoring|notwithstanding|whatever|no matter what|without reference to|without consideration of|setting aside|discounting|irregardless of


word: IRRESPONSIBLE
russian_word: безответственный
example: it would have been irresponsible just to drive on
definition: (of a person, attitude, or action) not showing a proper sense of responsibility.
antonyms: responsible|sensible|serious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
reckless|rash|careless|thoughtless|incautious|unwise|imprudent|ill-advised|ill-considered|injudicious|misguided|heedless|unheeding|inattentive|hasty|overhasty|precipitate|precipitous|wild|foolhardy|impetuous|impulsive|daredevil|devil-may-care|hot-headed|negligent|delinquent|neglectful|remiss|careless of one's duty|lax|slack|uncaring|casual|insouciant|derelict|disregardful|inadvertent|oscitant|immature|naive|foolish|hare-brained|feather-brained|carefree|blasé|unreliable|undependable|untrustworthy|flighty|giddy|scatterbrained|erratic|tearaway|harum-scarum|slap-happy


word: IRRETRIEVABLE
russian_word: невосполнимый
example: the irretrievable breakdown of their marriage
definition: not able to be retrieved or put right.
antonyms: reversible|reparable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈtriːvəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈtriːvəb(ə)l
synonyms:
irreversible|unrectifiable|irremediable|irrevocable|irredeemable|irrecoverable|unrecoverable|irreparable|unrepairable|beyond repair|irreclaimable|lost|lost and gone|gone forever|hopeless|past hope|beyond hope


word: IRREVERENCE
russian_word: непочтительность
example: an attitude of irreverence towards politicians
definition: a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously.
antonyms: reverence|respect
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)ns
synonyms:
disrespect|lack of respect|disdain|scorn|contempt|derision|mockery|ridicule|disparagement|insolence|impudence|impertinence|cheek|flippancy|insubordination|presumptuousness|presumption|forwardness|rudeness|impoliteness|discourtesy|incivility|abuse|lip|nerve


word: IRREVERENT
russian_word: непочтительный
definition: showing a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously.
antonyms: reverent|respectful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)nt
synonyms:
disrespectful|disdainful|scornful|contemptuous|derisive|disparaging|insolent|impudent|impertinent|cheeky|flippant|flip|insubordinate|presumptuous|forward|rude|impolite|discourteous|uncivil|insulting|abusive|fresh|lippy

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin irreverent- ‘not revering’, from in- ‘not’ + reverent- ‘revering’ (see reverent).


word: IRREVERSIBLE
russian_word: необратимый
example: she suffered irreversible damage to her health
definition: not able to be undone or altered.
antonyms: reversible|temporary
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪrɪˈvəːsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈvəːsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
irreparable|unrepairable|beyond repair|unrectifiable|irremediable|irrevocable|permanent|lasting|enduring|abiding|unalterable|unchangeable|invariable|immutable|final|binding|absolute|categorical|peremptory|unappealable


word: IRREVOCABLE
russian_word: безотзывный
example: an irrevocable step
definition: not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered; final.
antonyms: reversible|temporary
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ɪˈrɛvəkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ɪˈrɛvəkəb(ə)l
synonyms:
irreversible|unrectifiable|irremediable|irreparable|unrepairable|beyond repair|unalterable|unchangeable|immutable|final|binding|absolute|permanent|lasting|peremptory|unappealable

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin irrevocabilis, from in- ‘not’ + revocabilis ‘able to be revoked’ (from the verb revocare ).


word: IRRIGATE
russian_word: орошать
synonyms: water|bring water to|spray|soak|deluge|flood|inundate|make fertile
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪrɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪrɪɡeɪt
definition:
supply water to (land or crops) to help growth, typically by means of channels.|wash out (an organ or wound) with a continuous flow of water or medication.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin irrigat- ‘moistened’, from the verb irrigare, from in- ‘into’ + rigare ‘moisten, wet’.


word: IRRIGATION
russian_word: орошение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the river supplies water for irrigation of agricultural crops|for sinus congestion, saline nasal irrigation can be helpful

definition:
the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.|the process of washing out an organ or wound with a continuous flow of water or medication.


word: IRRITABILITY
russian_word: раздражительность
example: symptoms include insomnia and irritability
definition: the quality or state of being irritable.
antonyms: good humour|placidity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
irascibility|tetchiness|testiness|touchiness|scratchiness|grumpiness|moodiness|grouchiness|crotchetiness|a (bad) mood|cantankerousness|curmudgeonliness|churlishness|bad temper|ill temper|ill nature|ill humour|peevishness|crossness|pique|impatience|fractiousness|pettishness|crabbiness|waspishness|prickliness|pepperiness|crustiness|spleen|shrewishness|short temper|hot temper|quick temper|snappishness|snappiness|chippiness|a short fuse|shirtiness|stroppiness|rattiness|crankiness|orneriness|soreheadedness|snakiness|miffiness|choler


word: IRRITABLE
russian_word: раздражительный
example: she was tired and irritable
definition: having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed.|(of a body part) abnormally sensitive.
antonyms: good-humoured|easy-going
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin irritabilis, from the verb irritare (see irritate).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪrɪtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈɪrɪtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
bad-tempered|irascible|tetchy|testy|touchy|scratchy|grumpy|grouchy|moody|crotchety|in a (bad) mood|cantankerous|curmudgeonly|ill-tempered|ill-natured|ill-humoured|peevish|cross|fractious|disagreeable|pettish|crabbed|crabby|waspish|prickly|peppery|crusty|splenetic|shrewish|short-tempered|hot-tempered|quick-tempered|dyspeptic|choleric|bilious|liverish|cross-grained|as cross as two sticks|snappish|snappy|chippy|on a short fuse|short-fused|shirty|stroppy|narky|ratty|eggy|like a bear with a sore head|cranky|ornery|peckish|soreheaded|snaky|waxy|miffy


word: IRRITANT
russian_word: раздражитель
example: a powerful skin irritant
antonyms: help|pleasure
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈɪrɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈɪrɪt(ə)nt
definition:
a substance that causes slight inflammation or other discomfort to the body.|a thing that is continually annoying or distracting.

synonyms:
annoyance|irritation|source of irritation|source of vexation|source of annoyance|thorn in someone's side/flesh|pinprick|pest|bother|trial|torment|plague|inconvenience|nuisance|menace|aggravation|peeve|pet peeve|pain|pain in the neck|bind|bore|headache|hassle|nyaff|skelf|pain in the butt|nudnik|burr in/under someone's saddle|fair cow|nark|pain in the arse|pain in the ass


word: IRRITATE
russian_word: раздражать
example: his tone irritated her|sprays and polishes can irritate dry, sensitive skin
antonyms: pacify|contented|good-humoured
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈɪrɪteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪrɪteɪt
definition:
make (someone) annoyed or a little angry.|cause inflammation or other discomfort in (a part of the body).

synonyms:
annoy|vex|make angry|make cross|anger|exasperate|bother|irk|gall|pique|put out|displease|get/put someone's back up|antagonize|get on someone's nerves|rub up the wrong way|try someone's patience|ruffle|ruffle someone's feathers|make someone's hackles rise|raise someone's hackles|enrage|infuriate|madden|incense|make someone's blood boil|drive to distraction|goad|provoke|aggravate|peeve|hassle|miff|rile|nettle|needle|get|get to|bug|hack off|get under someone's skin|get in someone's hair|get someone's goat|rattle someone's cage|get someone's dander up|drive mad/crazy|drive round the bend|drive up the wall|drive bananas|make someone see red|wind up|nark|get across|get on someone's wick|drive round the twist|get up someone's nose|give someone the hump|tee off|tick off|burn up|rankle|ride|gravel|bum out|get on someone's tits|rark|give someone the pip|exacerbate|hump|rasp|annoyed|cross|angry|vexed|exasperated|irked|piqued|displeased|fed up|disgruntled|in a bad mood|in a temper|testy|in high dudgeon|huffy|in a huff|resentful|aggrieved|furious|irate|infuriated|incensed|enraged|wrathful|choleric|aggravated|peeved|nettled|miffed|miffy|mad|riled|hacked off|peed off|hot under the collar|foaming at the mouth|browned off|cheesed off|brassed off|not best pleased|narked|ratty|shirty|eggy|teed off|ticked off|sore|bent out of shape|snaky|crook|ireful|snuffy|wrath|piss off|pissed off|pissed

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘excite, provoke’): from Latin irritat- ‘irritated’, from the verb irritare .


word: IRRITATING
russian_word: раздражающий
example: an irritating child|the substance may be irritating to eyes and skin
definition: causing annoyance, impatience, or mild anger.|causing irritation to a body part.
antonyms: helpful|pleasing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ
synonyms:
annoying|infuriating|exasperating|maddening|trying|tiresome|vexing|vexatious|irksome|galling|troublesome|bothersome|provoking|displeasing|awkward|difficult|inconvenient|aggravating|pesky|cussed|accursed|confounded|infernal|pestiferous|plaguy|pestilent


word: IRRITATINGLY
russian_word: раздражающе
example: he keeps humming irritatingly|an itch welled up irritatingly in his throat
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋli
phonetics_text: ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋli
definition:
in a manner that causes annoyance, impatience, or mild anger.|in a manner that causes irritation to a body part.


word: IRRITATION
russian_word: раздражение
antonyms: delight
origin: late Middle English: from Latin irritatio(n- ), from the verb irritare (see irritate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪrɪˈteɪʃn
phonetics_text: ɪrɪˈteɪʃn
example:
much to my irritation, Chris fell asleep|some chemicals cause a direct irritation to the skin leading to dermatitis

definition:
the state of feeling annoyed, impatient, or slightly angry.|inflammation or other discomfort in a body part caused by reaction to an irritant substance.

synonyms:
annoyance|infuriation|exasperation|vexation|indignation|impatience|crossness|displeasure|resentment|gall|chagrin|pique|anger|rage|fury|wrath|outrage|temper|aggravation|ire


word: ISCHAEMIA
russian_word: ишемия
definition: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ɪˈskiːmɪə
phonetics_text: ɪˈskiːmɪə
origin:
late 19th century (denoting the staunching of bleeding): modern Latin, from Greek iskhaimos ‘stopping blood’, from iskhein ‘keep back’ + haima ‘blood’.


word: ISINGLASS
russian_word: рыбий клей
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪzɪŋˌɡlɑːs
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪzɪŋˌɡlɑːs
definition:
a kind of gelatin obtained from fish, especially sturgeon, and used in making jellies, glue, etc. and for fining real ale.|mica or a similar material in thin transparent sheets.

origin:
mid 16th century: alteration (by association with glass) of obsolete Dutch huysenblas ‘sturgeon's bladder’, from huysen ‘sturgeon’ + blas ‘bladder’.


word: ISLAND
russian_word: остров
example: the island of Crete|he is an island of inspiration in a sea of sadness
antonyms: mainland|continent
synonyms: isle|islet|atoll|key|cay|ait|holm|skerry|archipelago|chain|group
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪlənd
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪlənd
definition:
a piece of land surrounded by water.|a thing regarded as resembling an island, especially in being isolated, detached, or surrounded in some way.|a detached portion of tissue or group of cells.

origin:
Old English īegland, from īeg  ‘island’ (from a base meaning ‘watery, watered’) + land. The change in the spelling of the first syllable in the 16th century was due to association with the unrelated word isle.


word: ISLE
russian_word: остров
example: Crusoe's fabled isle
definition: an island or peninsula, especially a small one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪl
phonetics_text: ʌɪl
origin:
Middle English ile, from Old French, from Latin insula . The spelling with s (also in 15th-century French) is influenced by Latin.


word: ISLESMAN
russian_word: островитянин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪlzmən
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪlzmən
definition:
a male native or inhabitant of a group of islands, especially the Hebrides, the Orkneys, or Shetland.


word: ISM
russian_word: изм
example: he loathed isms and any form of dogma
origin: late 17th century: independent usage of -ism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈɪz(ə)m
definition:
a distinctive practice, system, or philosophy, typically a political ideology or an artistic movement.


word: ISOBAR
russian_word: изобара
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek isobaros ‘of equal weight’, from isos ‘equal’ + baros ‘weight’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)bɑː
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)bɑː
definition:
a line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period.|each of two or more isotopes of different elements, with the same atomic weight.


word: ISOCHRON
russian_word: изохрона
definition: a line on a diagram or map connecting points relating to the same time or equal times.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)krɒn
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)krɒn
origin:
late 17th century (as an adjective in the sense ‘isochronous’): from Greek isokhronos, from isos ‘equal’ + khronos ‘time’.


word: ISOCHRONOUS
russian_word: изохронный
definition: occurring at the same time.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ʌɪˈsɒkrənəs
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈsɒkrənəs
origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘equal in duration or in frequency’): from modern Latin isochronus (from Greek isokhronos, from isos ‘equal’ + khronos ‘time’) + -ous.


word: ISOCLINAL
russian_word: изоклинальный
definition: denoting a fold in which the two limbs are parallel.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈklʌɪn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈklʌɪn(ə)l
origin:
mid 19th century (denoting ‘equal magnetic inclination’): from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek klinein ‘to lean, slope’ + -al.


word: ISOCLINE
russian_word: изоклиналь
definition: a line on a diagram or map connecting points of equal gradient or inclination.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)klʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)klʌɪn
origin:
late 19th century (denoting an isoclinal line or fold): from Greek isoklinēs ‘equally balanced’, from klinein ‘to lean, slope’.


word: ISOCRATIC
russian_word: изократический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈkratɪk
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈkratɪk
definition:
(of a chromatographic method) involving a mobile phase whose composition is kept constant and uniform.

origin:
early 19th century: from Greek isokratia ‘equality of power’ (from isos ‘equal’ + kratos ‘strength’) + -ic.


word: ISOCYANIDE
russian_word: изоцианид
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪsəʊˈsʌɪənʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsəʊˈsʌɪənʌɪd
definition:
an organic compound containing the group —NC bonded to an alkyl group. Such compounds are typically toxic, malodorous liquids.


word: ISODYNAMIC
russian_word: изодинамический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)dʌɪˈnamɪk
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)dʌɪˈnamɪk
definition:
indicating or connecting points on the earth's surface at which the intensity of the magnetic force is the same.


word: ISOFLAVONE
russian_word: изофлавонов
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈfleɪvəʊn
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈfleɪvəʊn
definition:
a crystalline compound whose derivatives occur in many plants (especially pulses), often as glycosides.


word: ISOGEOTHERM
russian_word: изогеотерма
origin: mid 19th century: from iso- ‘equal’ + geo- ‘earth’ + Greek thermē ‘heat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːə(ʊ)θəːm
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːə(ʊ)θəːm
definition:
a line or surface on a diagram connecting points representing those in the interior of the earth having the same temperature.


word: ISOLATE
russian_word: изолировать
antonyms: integrate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: early 19th century (as a verb): back-formation from isolated.
example:
a country which is isolated from the rest of the world|his difficulty will be to isolate the factors which are most significant

definition:
cause (a person or place) to be or remain alone or apart from others.|identify (something) and examine or deal with it separately.

synonyms:
separate|set apart|segregate|detach|cut off|keep apart|cocoon|insulate|quarantine|keep in solitude|sequester|cloister|seclude|divorce|shut away|alienate|distance|exclude|keep out|cordon off|form a ring around|put a cordon sanitaire around|seal off|close off|fence off|rope off|screen off|tape off|curtain off|shut off|partition off


word: ISOLATED
russian_word: изолированный
example: isolated farms and villages
definition: far away from other places, buildings, or people; remote.
antonyms: accessible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈʌɪsəleɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsəleɪtɪd
synonyms:
remote|out of the way|outlying|off the beaten track|secluded|in the depths of …|hard to find|lonely|in the back of beyond|in the hinterlands|off the map|in the middle of nowhere|godforsaken|obscure|inaccessible|cut-off|unreachable|faraway|far-flung|in the backwoods|lonesome|in the backveld|in the platteland|in the backblocks|in the booay|unget-at-able|in the sticks|jerkwater|in the tall timbers|Barcoo|beyond the black stump|unapproachable

origin:
mid 18th century: from French isolé, from Italian isolato, from late Latin insulatus ‘made into an island’, from Latin insula ‘island’.


word: ISOLATING
russian_word: изолирующий
example: working from your home office every day is isolating
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈʌɪsəleɪtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsəleɪtɪŋ
definition:
having the effect of making a person feel or be alone or apart from others.|(of a language) tending to have each element as an independent word without inflections.


word: ISOLATION
russian_word: изоляция
example: isolation from family and friends may also contribute to anxiety
definition: the process or fact of isolating or being isolated.
antonyms: contact|accessibility
origin: mid 19th century: from isolate, partly on the pattern of French isolation .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ʌɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
separation|segregation|setting apart|keeping apart|quarantine|insulation|seclusion|closeting|protection|shielding|partitioning|solitariness|loneliness|friendlessness|lack of contact|(sense of) exile|aloneness|remoteness|inaccessibility


word: ISOLATIONISM
russian_word: изоляционизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ʌɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
example:
the country chose a policy of isolationism that made it a secondary player in world political events

definition:
a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.


word: ISOLATIONIST
russian_word: изоляционист
example: there was intense opposition to the proposal from isolationists
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ʌɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: ʌɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
a person favouring a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.


word: ISOLEUCINE
russian_word: изолейцин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈluːsiːn
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈluːsiːn
definition:
a hydrophobic amino acid that is a constituent of most proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet of vertebrates.


word: ISOMER
russian_word: изомер
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek isomerēs ‘sharing equally’, from isos ‘equal’ + meros ‘a share’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsəmə
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsəmə
definition:
each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.|each of two or more atomic nuclei that have the same atomic number and the same mass number but different energy states.


word: ISOMETRIC
russian_word: изометрический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪk
phonetics_text: ʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪk
definition:
of or having equal dimensions.|relating to or denoting muscular action in which tension is developed without contraction of the muscle.|(in technical or architectural drawing) incorporating a method of showing projection or perspective in which the three principal dimensions are represented by three axes 120° apart.|(of a transformation) without change of shape or size.

origin:
mid 19th century: from Greek isometria ‘equality of measure’ (from isos ‘equal’ + -metria ‘measuring’) + -ic.


word: ISOMETRICS
russian_word: изометрия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪks
phonetics_text: ʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪks
definition:
a system of physical exercises in which muscles are caused to act against each other or against a fixed object.


word: ISOPACH
russian_word: изопахит
origin: early 20th century: from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek pakhus ‘thick’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)pak
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)pak
definition:
a line on a map or diagram connecting points beneath which a particular stratum or group of strata has the same thickness.


word: ISOPLETH
russian_word: изоплета
definition: a line on a map connecting points having equal incidence of a specified meteorological feature.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)plɛθ
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)plɛθ
origin:
early 20th century: from Greek isoplēthēs ‘equal in quantity’, from Greek isos ‘equal’ + plēthos ‘multitude, quantity’.


word: ISOPRENALINE
russian_word: изопреналин
origin: 1950s: from elements of the systematic name N-isopropylnoradrenaline .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈprɛnəliːn
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈprɛnəliːn
definition:
a synthetic derivative of adrenaline, used for the relief of bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema.


word: ISOPRENE
russian_word: изопрен
origin: mid 19th century: apparently from iso- ‘equal’ + pr(opyl)ene .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)priːn
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)priːn
definition:
a volatile liquid hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum, whose molecule forms the basic structural unit of natural and synthetic rubbers.


word: ISOPROPYL
russian_word: изопропиловый
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪsəʊˈprəʊpʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsəʊˈprəʊpʌɪl|ˌʌɪsəʊˈprəʊpɪl
definition:
of or denoting the alkyl radical —CH(CH3)2, derived from propane by removal of a hydrogen atom from the middle carbon atom.


word: ISOPYCNAL
russian_word: изопикнических
origin: early 20th century: from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek puknos ‘dense’ + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈpɪkn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈpɪkn(ə)l
definition:
(especially of an imaginary line or surface on a map or chart) connecting points in the ocean where the water has the same density.


word: ISOPYCNIC
russian_word: изопикнических
origin: late 19th century: from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek puknos ‘dense’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈpɪknɪk
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈpɪknɪk
definition:
of or denoting ultracentrifugal separation techniques making use of differences in density between the components of a mixture.


word: ISOSEISMAL
russian_word: изосейсмический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪzm(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪzm(ə)l
definition:
relating to or denoting lines on a map connecting places where an earthquake was experienced with equal strength.


word: ISOSPIN
russian_word: изоспин
origin: 1960s: contraction of isotopic spin, isobaric spin .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)spɪn
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)spɪn
definition:
a vector quantity or quantum number assigned to subatomic particles and atomic nuclei and having values such that similar particles differing only in charge-related properties (independent of the strong interaction between particles) can be treated as different states of a single particle.


word: ISOSTASY
russian_word: изостазия
origin: late 19th century: from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek stasis ‘station’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˈsɒstəsi
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈsɒstəsi
definition:
the equilibrium that exists between parts of the earth's crust, which behaves as if it consists of blocks floating on the underlying mantle, rising if material (such as an ice cap) is removed and sinking if material is deposited.


word: ISOTHERM
russian_word: изотерма
origin: mid 19th century: from French isotherme, from Greek isos ‘equal’ + thermē ‘heat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)θəːm
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)θəːm
definition:
a line on a map connecting points having the same temperature at a given time or on average over a given period.


word: ISOTONIC
russian_word: изотонический
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈtɒnɪk
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈtɒnɪk
definition:
(of muscle action) taking place with normal contraction.|denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid.

origin:
early 19th century (as a musical term designating a system of tuning, characterized by equal intervals): from Greek isotonos, from isos ‘equal’ + tonos ‘tone’.


word: ISOTOPE
russian_word: изотоп
example: some elements have only one stable isotope
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪsətəʊp
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪsətəʊp
definition:
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

origin:
1913: coined by F. Soddy, from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek topos ‘place’ (because the isotopes occupy the same place in the periodic table of elements).


word: ISOTROPIC
russian_word: изотропный
origin: mid 19th century: from iso- ‘equal’ + Greek tropos ‘a turn’ + -ic.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk
definition:
(of an object or substance) having a physical property which has the same value when measured in different directions.


word: ISRAELITE
russian_word: еврей
origin: late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek Israēlitēs .
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈɪzrəlʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪzrəlʌɪt
definition:
a member of the ancient Hebrew nation, especially in the period from the Exodus to the Babylonian Captivity ( c. 12th to 6th centuries BC).


word: ISSUE
russian_word: вопрос
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈɪʃuː
phonetics_text: ˈɪʃuː|ˈɪsjuː
example:
the issue of racism|the issue of notes by the Bank of England|the chance of carrying such a scheme to a successful issue was small|a point of issue|the earl died without male issue

definition:
an important topic or problem for debate or discussion.|the action of supplying or distributing an item for use, sale, or official purposes.|a result or outcome of something.|the action of flowing or coming out.|children of one's own.

synonyms:
matter|matter in question|affair|business|subject|topic|question|point|point at issue|item|thing|case|concern|theme|proceeding|situation|occasion|circumstance|problem|bone of contention|controversy|argument

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘outflowing’): from Old French, based on Latin exitus, past participle of exire ‘go out’.


word: ISTHMUS
russian_word: перешеек
origin: mid 16th century: via Latin from Greek isthmos .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪsθməs
phonetics_text: ˈɪsθməs|ˈɪstməs|ˈɪsməs
definition:
a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land.|a narrow organ, passage, or piece of tissue connecting two larger parts.


word: IT
russian_word: это
origin: Old English hit, neuter of he, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch het .
part_of_speech: pronoun
phonetic: ɪt
phonetics_text: ɪt
example:
a room with two beds in it|it's me|it's half past five|it is impossible to assess the problem|it is the child who is the victim|no one can stay here—it's too dangerous now|they thought they were it|he's still got ‘it.’|they were Hollywood's It couple

definition:
used to refer to a thing previously mentioned or easily identified.|used to identify a person.|used in the normal subject position in statements about time, distance, or weather.|used in the normal subject or object position when a more specific subject or object is given later in the sentence.|used to emphasize a following part of a sentence.|the situation or circumstances; things in general.|exactly what is needed or desired.|sex appeal.|denoting a person or thing that is exceptionally fashionable, popular, or successful at a particular time.|(in children's games) the player who has to catch the others.


word: ITALIC
russian_word: курсив
definition: of the sloping kind of typeface used especially for emphasis or distinction and in foreign words.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪˈtalɪk
phonetics_text: ɪˈtalɪk
origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘Italian’): via Latin from Greek Italikos, from Italia ‘Italy’. Senses relating to writing date from the early 17th century.


word: ITCH
russian_word: зуд
definition: an uncomfortable sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
synonyms: tingling|irritation|itchiness|stinging|prickling|tickling|paraesthesia|formication
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ɪtʃ
phonetics_text: ɪtʃ
origin:
Old English gycce (noun), gyccan (verb), of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch jeuk (noun) and Dutch jeuken, German jucken (verb).


word: ITEM
russian_word: пункт
example: the items on the agenda
definition: an individual article or unit, especially one that is part of a list, collection, or set.
part_of_speech: noun|adverb
phonetic: ˈʌɪtəm
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪtəm
synonyms:
thing|article|object|unit|module|artefact|piece|commodity|product|bit|element|constituent|component|ingredient

origin:
late Middle English (as an adverb): from Latin, ‘in like manner, also’. The noun sense arose (late 16th century) from the use of the adverb to introduce each statement in a list.


word: ITERATE
russian_word: повторять
example: the bird's call is a monotonously iterated single note
definition: perform or utter repeatedly.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin iterat- ‘repeated’, from the verb iterare, from iterum ‘again’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈɪtəreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈɪtəreɪt
synonyms:
repeat|recapitulate|go through again|go over again|run through again|rehearse|say again|restate|reiterate|recap|reprise|ingeminate


word: ITERATIVE
russian_word: повторяющийся
definition: relating to or involving iteration, especially of a mathematical or computational process.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈɪt(ə)rətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈɪt(ə)rətɪv
origin:
late 15th century: from French itératif, -ive, from Latin iterare ‘to repeat’; the grammar term is from late Latin iterativus .


word: ITHYPHALLIC
russian_word: непристойный
definition: (especially of a statue or other representation of a deity) having an erect penis.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌɪθɪˈfalɪk
phonetics_text: ˌɪθɪˈfalɪk
origin:
early 17th century (as a noun denoting a sexually explicit poem): via late Latin from Greek ithuphallikos, from ithus ‘straight’ + phallos ‘phallus’.


word: ITINERANT
russian_word: странствующий
example: itinerant traders
definition: travelling from place to place.
antonyms: sedentary|settled
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ɪˈtɪn(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ɪˈtɪn(ə)r(ə)nt|ʌɪˈtɪn(ə)r(ə)nt
synonyms:
travelling|peripatetic|wandering|wayfaring|roving|roaming|rambling|touring|nomadic|gypsy|migrant|migratory|ambulatory|vagrant|vagabond|homeless|of no fixed address/abode|displaced|footloose|rootless|drifting|floating|unsettled|restless|globetrotting|jet-setting|errant

origin:
late 16th century (used to describe a judge travelling on a circuit): from late Latin itinerant- ‘travelling’, from the verb itinerari, from Latin iter, itiner- ‘journey, road’.


word: ITINERARY
russian_word: маршрут
example: his itinerary included an official visit to Canada
definition: a planned route or journey.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ʌɪˈtɪn(ə)(rə)ri
phonetics_text: ʌɪˈtɪn(ə)(rə)ri|ɪˈtɪn(ə)(rə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin itinerarium, neuter of itinerarius ‘of a journey or roads’, from Latin iter, itiner- ‘journey, road’.


word: ITINERATE
russian_word: странствовать
example: regular use of itinerating magistrates was made
origin: early 17th century: from late Latin itinerat- ‘travelled’, from the verb itinerari (see itinerant).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ɪˈtɪnəreɪt
phonetics_text: ɪˈtɪnəreɪt|ʌɪˈtɪnəreɪt
definition:
(especially of a Church minister or a magistrate) travel from place to place to perform one's professional duty.


word: ITSELF
russian_word: сам
origin: Old English(see it1, self).
part_of_speech: pronoun
phonetic: ɪtˈsɛlf
phonetics_text: ɪtˈsɛlf
example:
his horse hurt itself|the roots are several inches long, though the plant itself is only a foot tall

definition:
used as the object of a verb or preposition to refer to a thing or animal previously mentioned as the subject of the clause.|used to emphasize a particular thing or animal mentioned.


word: IVERMECTIN
russian_word: ивермектин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌʌɪvəˈmɛktɪn
phonetics_text: ˌʌɪvəˈmɛktɪn
definition:
a compound of the avermectin group, used as an anthelmintic in veterinary medicine and as a treatment for river blindness.


word: IVORY
russian_word: слоновая кость
example: a dagger with an ivory handle|an ivory silk blouse
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French ivurie, based on Latin ebur .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪv(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪv(ə)ri
definition:
a hard creamy-white substance composing the main part of the tusks of an elephant, walrus, or narwhal, often (especially formerly) used to make ornaments and other articles.|the creamy-white colour of ivory.


word: IVY
russian_word: плющ
example: many of the Ivies had been founded for the purpose of training students as ministers
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʌɪvi
phonetics_text: ˈʌɪvi
definition:
a woody evergreen Eurasian climbing plant, typically having shiny, dark green five-pointed leaves.|an Ivy League university.

origin:
Old English īfig, of Germanic origin; related to the first elements of Dutch eiloof and German Efeu .


word: IXIA
russian_word: Иксия
origin: modern Latin, from Latin, denoting a kind of thistle, from Greek.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈɪksɪə
phonetics_text: ˈɪksɪə
definition:
a South African plant of the iris family, that bears showy six-petalled starlike flowers on tall wiry stems and has sword-shaped leaves.


word: JAB
russian_word: удар
example: she jabbed him in his ribs
definition: poke roughly or quickly, especially with something sharp or pointed.
origin: early 19th century (originally Scots): variant of job2.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒab
phonetics_text: dʒab
synonyms:
poke|prod|dig|nudge|tap|butt|ram|elbow|shove|punch|jolt|prick|thrust|stab|push|plunge|stick|insert|drive|lunge


word: JABBER
russian_word: болтовня
example: he jabbered on about football
definition: talk in a rapid, excited, and often incomprehensible way.
origin: late 15th century: imitative.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒabə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒabə
synonyms:
prattle|babble|chatter|twitter|prate|gabble|go on|run on|rattle on/away|yap|jibber-jabber|patter|blather|maunder|ramble|drivel|blab|talk rapidly|talk incoherently|talk unintelligibly|yak|yackety-yak|yabber|yatter|blabber|witter|rabbit|chunter|natter|waffle|slabber|mag|twaddle|clack|twattle


word: JABBERWOCKY
russian_word: бессмыслица
example: the translation was slow and full of jabberwocky
definition: invented or meaningless language; nonsense.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒabəˌwɒki
phonetics_text: ˈdʒabəˌwɒki
origin:
early 20th century: from the title of a nonsense poem in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass (1871).


word: JACARANDA
russian_word: джакаранда
origin: mid 18th century: from Portuguese, from Tupi-Guarani jakara'nda .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌdʒakəˈrandə
phonetics_text: ˌdʒakəˈrandə
definition:
a tropical American tree that has blue trumpet-shaped flowers, fernlike leaves, and fragrant timber.


word: JACINTH
russian_word: гиацинт
definition: a reddish-orange gem variety of zircon.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒasɪnθ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒasɪnθ|ˈdʒeɪsɪnθ
origin:
Middle English: from Old French iacinte or medieval Latin iacintus, alteration of Latin hyacinthus (see hyacinth).


word: JACK
russian_word: разъем
example: he had that world-weary look of the working Jack who'd seen everything
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒak
phonetics_text: dʒak
definition:
a device for lifting heavy objects, especially one for raising the axle of a motor vehicle off the ground so that a wheel can be changed or the underside inspected.|a playing card bearing a representation of a soldier, page, or knave, normally ranking next below a queen.|a socket with two or more pairs of terminals designed to receive a jack plug.|a small white ball in bowls, at which the players aim.|a game played by tossing and catching small round pebbles or star-shaped pieces of metal or plastic.|used to typify an ordinary man.|a small version of a national flag flown at the bow of a vessel in harbour to indicate its nationality.|money.|a device for turning a spit.|a part of the mechanism in a spinet or harpsichord that connects a key to its corresponding string and causes the string to be plucked when the key is pressed down.|a marine fish that is typically laterally compressed with a row of large spiky scales along each side, important in many places as food or game fish.|the male of various animals, especially a merlin.|used in names of animals that are smaller than similar kinds, e.g. jack snipe.|short for jack shit.

origin:
late Middle English: from Jack, pet form of the given name John . The term was used originally to denote an ordinary man (jack1 (sense 6)), also a youth (mid 16th century), hence the ‘knave’ in cards and ‘male animal’. The word also denoted various devices saving human labour, as though one had a helper (jack1 (sense 1, sense 3, sense 9, sense 10), and in compounds such as jackhammer and jackknife); the general sense ‘labourer’ arose in the early 18th century and survives in cheapjack, lumberjack, steeplejack, etc. Since the mid 16th century a notion of ‘smallness’ has arisen, hence jack1 (sense 4, sense 5, sense 7, sense 13).


word: JACKAL
russian_word: шакал
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakəl
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakəl
definition:
a slender long-legged wild dog that feeds on carrion, game, and fruit and often hunts cooperatively, found in Africa and southern Asia.

origin:
early 17th century: from Turkish çakal, from Persian šagāl . The change in the first syllable was due to association with jack1.


word: JACKANAPES
russian_word: нахал
definition: a cheeky or impertinent person.|a tame monkey.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakəneɪps
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakəneɪps
origin:
early 16th century (originally as Jack Napes ): perhaps from a playful name for a tame ape, the initial n- by elision of an ape (compare with newt), and the final -s as in surnames such as Hobbes : applied to a person whose behaviour resembled that of an ape.


word: JACKDAW
russian_word: галка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakdɔː
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakdɔː
definition:
a small grey-headed crow that typically nests in tall buildings and chimneys, noted for its inquisitiveness.


word: JACKED
russian_word: измученный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: dʒakt
phonetics_text: dʒakt
example:
a racing car driver, jacked up on amphetamines|back in his wrestling prime, he was nicknamed the 'Anabolic Warrior' for his jacked-up physique

definition:
physically or mentally stimulated from the effects of a drug or stimulant.|(of a person) having very well-developed muscles.


word: JACKET
russian_word: куртка
example: he put his hand in his jacket pocket|potatoes cooked in their jackets
origin: late Middle English: from Old French jaquet, diminutive of jaque (see jack2).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒakɪt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakɪt
definition:
an outer garment extending either to the waist or the hips, typically having sleeves and a fastening down the front.|an outer covering, especially one placed round a tank or pipe to insulate it.|the skin of a potato.|a folder or envelope containing an official document or file.|a steel frame fixed to the seabed, forming the support structure of an oil production platform.

synonyms:
wrapping|wrapper|wrap|sleeve|sheath|sheathing|envelope|cover|covering|casing|case|shell|housing|encasement|capsule|integument


word: JACKKNIFE
russian_word: складываться вдвое
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒaknʌɪf
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaknʌɪf
definition:
a large knife with a folding blade.|a dive in which the body is first bent at the waist and then straightened.|a method of assessing the variability of data by repeating a calculation on the sets of data obtained by removing one value from the complete set.


word: JACKPOT
russian_word: куш
definition: a large cash prize in a game or lottery, especially one that accumulates until it is won.
synonyms: top prize|main prize|first prize|kitty|pool|pot|bank|bonanza|windfall
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakpɒt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakpɒt
origin:
late 19th century: from jack1 + pot1. The term was originally used in a form of poker, where the pool or pot accumulated until a player could open the bidding with two jacks or better.


word: JACK UP
russian_word: поднимать домкратом
example:
jack the car up until the wheel can spin freely|we stepped over people jacking up in the street outside|they'd just jack up and go on strike|they did a national service in jacking this racing up

definition:
raise something, especially a vehicle, with a jack.|inject oneself with an illegal drug.|give up or refuse to participate in something.|arrange or organize something.

synonyms:
raise|hoist|lift|lift up|raise aloft|haul up|winch up|lever up|heave up|hike up|hitch up|pull up|take up|upraise|uplift|elevate|upheave|uprear|upthrust


word: JACOBIN
russian_word: якобинский
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakəbɪn
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakəbɪn
definition:
a member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4.|a Dominican friar.|a pigeon of a breed with reversed feathers on the back of its neck like a cowl.|a mainly green Central and South American hummingbird, with blue feathers on the head.

origin:
Middle English (in Jacobin (sense 2)): from Old French, from medieval Latin Jacobinus, from ecclesiastical Latin Jacobus ‘James’. The term was applied to the Dominicans in Old French on account of their church in Paris, St Jacques, near which they built their first convent; the latter eventually became the headquarters of the French revolutionary group.


word: JACONET
russian_word: легкая бумажная ткань типа батиста
example: an evening gown of white jaconet
definition: a lightweight cotton cloth with a smooth and slightly stiff finish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakənɪt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakənɪt
origin:
mid 18th century: from HindiJagannāth(purī) (now Puri) in India, its place of origin; see also Jagannatha.


word: JACQUARD
russian_word: жаккард
origin: early 19th century: named after Joseph M. Jacquard (1787–1834), French weaver and inventor.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒakɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈdʒakɑːd|ˈdʒakəd
definition:
an apparatus with perforated cards, fitted to a loom to facilitate the weaving of figured and brocaded fabrics.


word: JACQUERIE
russian_word: жакерия
definition: a communal uprising or revolt.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒeɪk(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈdʒeɪk(ə)ri
origin:
early 16th century (referring to the 1357 peasants' revolt against the nobles in northern France): from Old French, literally ‘villeins’, from Jacques, a given name used in the sense ‘peasant’.


word: JACTITATION
russian_word: метание
definition: the restless tossing of the body in illness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌdʒaktɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌdʒaktɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
mid 17th century: expressive extension of earlier jactation  ‘restless tossing’, from Latin jactare ‘to throw’.


word: JADE
russian_word: нефрит
example: a jade figurine
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒeɪd
phonetics_text: dʒeɪd
definition:
a hard, typically green stone used for ornaments and implements and consisting of the minerals jadeite or nephrite.

origin:
late 16th century: from French le jade (earlier l'ejade ), from Spanish piedra de ijada ‘stone of the flank’ (i.e. stone for colic, which it was believed to cure).


word: JADEITE
russian_word: жадеит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒeɪdʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒeɪdʌɪt
definition:
a green, blue, or white mineral which is one of the forms of jade. It is a silicate of sodium, aluminium, and iron and belongs to the pyroxene group.


word: JAEGER
russian_word: егерь
definition: any of the smaller kinds of Arctic-breeding skuas.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒeɪɡə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒeɪɡə
origin:
mid 19th century (applied to any predatory seabird): from German Jäger ‘hunter’, from jagen ‘to hunt’.


word: JAG
russian_word: зубец
definition: a sharp projection.
synonyms: sharp projection|point|snag|jagged bit|barb|thorn|tooth|spur|sticky-out bit
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒaɡ
phonetics_text: dʒaɡ
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘stab, pierce’): perhaps symbolic of sudden movement or unevenness (compare with jam1 and rag1).


word: JAGGED
russian_word: зазубренный
example: the jagged edges gashed their fingers
definition: with rough, sharp points protruding.
antonyms: smooth
origin: late Middle English: from jag1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒaɡɪd
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaɡɪd
synonyms:
spiky|spiked|barbed|snaggy|nicked|pointed|ragged|craggy|rough|uneven|irregular|broken|serrated|sawtooth|saw-edged|toothed|notched|indented|denticulate


word: JAGGERY
russian_word: неочищенный пальмовый сахар
definition: a coarse dark brown sugar made in India by evaporation of the sap of palm trees.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒaɡ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaɡ(ə)ri
origin:
late 16th century: from Portuguese xagara, jag(a)ra, from Malayalam cakkarā, from Sanskrit śarkarā ‘sugar’.


word: JAGUAR
russian_word: ягуар
origin: early 17th century: from Portuguese, from Tupi-Guarani yaguára .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒaɡjʊə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaɡjʊə
definition:
a large heavily built cat that has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots, found mainly in the dense forests of Central and South America.


word: JAGUARUNDI
russian_word: ягуарунди
origin: mid 19th century: from Portuguese, from Tupi-Guarani, from yaguára ‘jaguar’ + undi ‘dark’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌdʒaɡwəˈrʌndi
phonetics_text: ˌdʒaɡwəˈrʌndi
definition:
a small American wild cat with a uniform red or grey coat, slender body, and short legs, found from Arizona to Argentina.


word: JAIL
russian_word: тюрьма
example: he spent 15 years in jail
definition: a place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒeɪl
phonetics_text: dʒeɪl
synonyms:
prison|penal institution|place of detention|lock-up|place of confinement|guardhouse|correctional facility|detention centre|young offender institution|youth custody centre|penitentiary|jailhouse|boot camp|stockade|house of correction|the clink|the slammer|inside|stir|the jug|the big house|the brig|the glasshouse|the nick|the can|the pen|the cooler|the joint|the pokey|the slam|the skookum house|the calaboose|the hoosegow|chokey|bird|quod|pound|roundhouse|approved school|borstal|bridewell|tollbooth|bastille|reformatory

origin:
Middle English: based on Latin cavea (see cage). The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol ), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat .


word: JAILER
russian_word: тюремщик
definition: a person in charge of a jail or of the prisoners in it.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒeɪlə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒeɪlə
synonyms:
prison officer|(prison) warden|(prison) guard|keeper|incarcerator|captor|sentry|(prison) warder|(prison) wardress|screw|detainer|turnkey


word: JAKES
russian_word: Джейкс
definition: a toilet, especially an outdoor one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒeɪks
phonetics_text: dʒeɪks
origin:
mid 16th century: perhaps from the given name Jacques, or as the genitive of the pet name Jack (see jack1).


word: JALOUSIE
russian_word: жалюзи
example: he peeped between the half-open jalousies
definition: a blind or shutter made of a row of angled slats.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈʒalʊziː
phonetics_text: ˈʒalʊziː
origin:
mid 18th century: French, literally ‘jealousy’, from Italian geloso ‘jealous’, also (by extension) ‘screen’, associated with the screening of women from view in the Middle East.


word: JAM
russian_word: варенье
antonyms: free
origin: early 18th century: probably symbolic; compare with jag1 and cram.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒam
phonetics_text: dʒam
example:
four of us were jammed in one compartment|the photocopier jammed|he had the opportunity to jam with Atlanta blues musicians

definition:
squeeze or pack tightly into a specified space.|become or make unable to move or work due to a part seizing up or becoming stuck.|improvise with other musicians, especially in jazz or blues.

synonyms:
stuff|shove|force|ram|thrust|wedge|press|push|stick|squeeze|compress|confine|cram|pack|sandwich|insert|crowd|pile|throng|occupy|fill|overfill|overcrowd|obstruct|block|clog|congest|mob


word: JAMBOREE
russian_word: празднество
example: the film industry's annual jamboree in Cannes
origin: mid 19th century (originally US slang): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌdʒambəˈriː
phonetics_text: ˌdʒambəˈriː
definition:
a large celebration or party, typically a lavish and boisterous one.|a large rally of Scouts or Guides.

synonyms:
rally|gathering|get-together|convention|conference|festival|fete|fiesta|gala|party|carnival|celebration|bash|shindig|shindy|jolly|junket


word: JAMMY
russian_word: Джемми
example: a jammy doughnut|you always were a jammy beggar when it came to women
definition: covered with, filled with, or resembling jam.|lucky.
antonyms: unlucky|unfortunate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒami
phonetics_text: ˈdʒami
synonyms:
lucky|fortunate|in luck|blessed|blessed with good luck|favoured|born under a lucky star|charmed|successful|prosperous|happy|advantaged


word: JANGLE
russian_word: пререкания
example: a bell jangled loudly
definition: make or cause to make a ringing metallic sound, typically a discordant one.
synonyms: clank|clink|jingle|tinkle|ding|ping|clang|clash|clatter|rattle|vibrate|ring|chime|tintinnabulate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒaŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaŋɡ(ə)l
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘talk excessively or noisily, squabble’): from Old French jangler, of unknown origin.


word: JANISSARY
russian_word: янычар
definition: a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒanɪs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈdʒanɪs(ə)ri
origin:
early 16th century: from French janissaire, based on Turkish yeniçeri, from yeni ‘new’ + çeri ‘troops’.


word: JANITOR
russian_word: дворник
definition: a caretaker or doorkeeper of a building.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin, from janua ‘door’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒanɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒanɪtə
synonyms:
caretaker|custodian|porter|concierge|doorkeeper|doorman|steward|warden|watchman|cleaner|maintenance man|superintendent


word: JAPE
russian_word: шутка
example: the childish jape of depositing a stink bomb in her locker
definition: a practical joke.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒeɪp
phonetics_text: dʒeɪp
origin:
Middle English: apparently combining the form of Old French japer ‘to yelp, yap’ with the sense of Old French gaber ‘to mock’.


word: JAPONICA
russian_word: айва японская
origin: early 19th century: modern Latin, feminine of japonicus ‘Japanese’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒəˈpɒnɪkə
phonetics_text: dʒəˈpɒnɪkə
definition:
an Asian shrub of the rose family, with bright red flowers followed by round white, green, or yellow edible fruits.


word: JAR
russian_word: банка
example: a large storage jar
origin: late 16th century: from French jarre, from Arabic jarra .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɑː
phonetics_text: dʒɑː
definition:
a wide-mouthed cylindrical container made of glass or pottery and typically having a lid, used especially for storing food.

synonyms:
glass/earthenware container|pot|crock|urn|pitcher|jug|flask|decanter|carafe|flagon|ewer|drum|canister|vessel|container|receptacle|repository|creamer|jorum|reservatory


word: JARGON
russian_word: жаргон
example: legal jargon
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɑːɡ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɑːɡ(ə)n
definition:
special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand.

synonyms:
specialized language|technical language|slang|cant|idiom|argot|patter|patois|vernacular|computerese|legalese|bureaucratese|journalese|psychobabble|unintelligible language|obscure language|gobbledygook|gibberish|double Dutch|lingo|-speak|-ese|mumbo jumbo|geekspeak

origin:
late Middle English (originally in the sense ‘twittering, chattering’, later ‘gibberish’): from Old French jargoun, of unknown origin. The main sense dates from the mid 17th century.


word: JARHEAD
russian_word: крутильный отбойный яс
definition: a marine.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic:
early 20th century (originally US dialect, in the sense ‘mule’): from jar1 + head. The word originally referred to members of the US army, on account of the mule mascot of the Army football teams.


word: JARRING
russian_word: сотрясение
definition: incongruous in a striking or shocking way; clashing.|causing a physical shock, jolt, or vibration.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɑːrɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɑːrɪŋ
example:
the telephone struck a jarring note in those Renaissance surroundings|the van came to a jarring halt


word: JASMINE
russian_word: жасмин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒazmɪn
phonetics_text: ˈdʒazmɪn|ˈdʒasmɪn
definition:
an Old World shrub or climbing plant which is popular as an ornamental and bears fragrant white, pink, or yellow flowers.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French jasmin and obsolete French jessemin, from Arabic yāsamīn, from Persian yāsamīn .


word: JASPER
russian_word: яшма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒaspə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaspə
definition:
an opaque reddish-brown semi-precious stone consisting of a variety of chalcedony.|a kind of fine hard porcelain developed by Josiah Wedgwood and used for Wedgwood cameos and other delicate work.

origin:
Middle English (originally denoting any bright-coloured chalcedony other than carnelian): from Old French jasp(r)e, from Latin iaspis, from Greek, of oriental origin. The origin of sense 3 is uncertain.


word: JAUNDICE
russian_word: желтуха
origin: Middle English jaunes, from Old French jaunice ‘yellowness’, from jaune ‘yellow’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɔːndɪs
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔːndɪs
definition:
a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.|bitterness, resentment, or cynicism.


word: JAUNDICED
russian_word: желчный
example: they looked on politicians with a jaundiced eye
antonyms: optimistic|charitable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɔːndɪst
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔːndɪst
definition:
affected by jaundice, in particular unnaturally yellow in complexion.|affected by bitterness, resentment, or cynicism.

synonyms:
bitter|resentful|cynical|soured|distorted|disenchanted|disillusioned|disappointed|pessimistic|sceptical|distrustful|suspicious|misanthropic|jealous|envious|narrow-minded|bigoted|prejudiced|intolerant|discriminatory


word: JAUNT
russian_word: прогулка
example: her regular jaunts to Europe
definition: a short excursion or journey made for pleasure.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɔːnt
phonetics_text: dʒɔːnt
synonyms:
trip|pleasure trip|outing|excursion|expedition|day trip|day out|short break|tour|mystery tour|drive|ride|run|turn|cruise|sally|minibreak|mini holiday|junket|spin|tootle|joyride|tool|hurl

origin:
late 16th century: of unknown origin. Originally depreciatory, early senses included ‘tire a horse out by riding it up and down’, ‘traipse about’, and (as a noun) ‘troublesome journey’. The current positive sense dates from the mid 17th century.


word: JAUNTY
russian_word: бойкий
example: there was no mistaking that jaunty walk
definition: having or expressing a lively, cheerful, and self-confident manner.
antonyms: depressed|serious|sedate
origin: mid 17th century (in the sense ‘well-bred, genteel’): from French gentil (see gentle1, genteel).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɔːnti
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔːnti
synonyms:
cheerful|cheery|happy|merry|jolly|joyful|gleeful|glad|lively|vivacious|perky|full of life|bright|sunny|buoyant|bubbly|bouncy|breezy|frisky|full of the joys of spring|in good spirits|exuberant|ebullient|effervescent|sparkling|sparkly|sprightly|spry|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|blithe|airy|light-hearted|nonchalant|insouciant|happy-go-lucky|free and easy|easy-going|blasé|devil-may-care|casual|relaxed|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|sparky|upbeat|go-go|chirpy|chipper|peppy|zippy|zappy|full of vim and vigour|peart|gay|blithesome|perk|as merry/lively as a grig|wick


word: JAW
russian_word: челюсть
example: committee work is just endless jaw
synonyms: jawbone|lower jaw|mandible|maxilla|upper jaw
origin: late Middle English: from Old French joe ‘cheek, jaw’, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɔː
phonetics_text: dʒɔː
definition:
each of the upper and lower bony structures in vertebrates forming the framework of the mouth and containing the teeth.|talk or gossip, especially when lengthy or tedious.


word: JAY
russian_word: сойка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒeɪ
phonetics_text: dʒeɪ
definition:
a bird of the crow family with boldly patterned plumage, typically having blue feathers in the wings or tail.|a person who talks at length in a foolish or impertinent way.

origin:
late 15th century: via Old French from late Latin gaius, gaia, perhaps from the Latin given name Gaius .


word: JAZZ
russian_word: джаз
origin: early 20th century: perhaps related to jism.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒaz
phonetics_text: dʒaz
definition:
a type of music of black American origin which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and usually a regular or forceful rhythm. Brass and woodwind instruments and piano are particularly associated with jazz, although guitar and occasionally violin are also used; styles include Dixieland, swing, bebop, and free jazz.


word: JAZZ UP
russian_word: подбадривать
example: jazz up an all-white kitchen with red tiles
definition: make something more interesting, lively, or exciting.
synonyms:
enliven|liven up|brighten up|make more interesting|make more exciting|put some spirit into|make more attractive|add (some) colour to|wake up|give a lift/boost to|lift|ginger up|improve|enhance|embellish|dress up|beautify|gild|season|leaven|add spice to|spice up|revitalize|vitalize|perk up|pep up|zhoosh (up)


word: JAZZY
russian_word: джазовый
example: a jazzy piano solo|jazzy ties
definition: of, resembling, or in the style of jazz.|bright, colourful, and showy.
antonyms: dull
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒazi
phonetics_text: ˈdʒazi
synonyms:
bright|colourful|brightly coloured|bright-coloured|brilliant|striking|strong|eye-catching|stimulating|exciting|interesting|effective|imaginative|graphic|vivid|lively|vibrant|bold|flamboyant|flashy|glaring|showy|gaudy|lurid|garish


word: JEALOUS
russian_word: ревнивый
example: she was always jealous of me
antonyms: admiring|proud
origin: Middle English: from Old French gelos, from medieval Latin zelosus (see zealous).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɛləs
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛləs
definition:
feeling or showing an envious resentment of someone or their achievements, possessions, or perceived advantages.

synonyms:
envious|covetous|desirous|resentful|grudging|begrudging|jaundiced|bitter|malicious|spiteful|green with envy|green|green-eyed|greedy|selfish|acquisitive|emulous


word: JEALOUSLY
russian_word: ревниво
example: she stared jealously at his phone
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈdʒɛləsli
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛləsli
definition:
in a way that shows an envious resentment of someone or their achievements, possessions, or perceived advantages.


word: JEALOUSY
russian_word: ревность
example: a sharp pang of jealousy
definition: the state or feeling of being jealous.
antonyms: admiration|pride|trust|understanding|unconcern|carelessness
origin: Middle English: from Old French gelosie, from gelos (see jealous).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛləsi
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛləsi
synonyms:
envy|enviousness|covetousness|desire|resentment|resentfulness|bitterness|discontent|spite|grudge|the green-eyed monster|suspicion|suspiciousness|distrust|mistrust|doubt|insecurity|anxiety|apprehension about rivals|possessiveness|overprotectiveness|protectiveness|defensiveness|vigilance|watchfulness|heedfulness|mindfulness|care|solicitousness|attentiveness


word: JEAN
russian_word: джинсовый
example: a jean jacket
definition: heavy twilled cotton cloth, especially denim.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒiːn
phonetics_text: dʒiːn
origin:
late 15th century (as an adjective): from Old French Janne (now Gênes ), from medieval Latin Janua ‘Genoa’, the place of original production. The noun sense comes from jean fustian, literally ‘fustian from Genoa’, used in the 16th century to denote a heavy twilled cotton cloth.


word: JEDI
russian_word: джедай
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛdʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛdʌɪ
definition:
a member of the mystical knightly order in the Star Wars films, trained to guard peace and justice in the Universe.


word: JEEP
russian_word: джип
definition: a small, sturdy motor vehicle with four-wheel drive, especially one used by the military.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒiːp
phonetics_text: dʒiːp
origin:
Second World War (originally US): from the initials GP, standing for general purpose, influenced by ‘Eugene the Jeep’, a creature of great resourcefulness and power represented in the Popeye comic strip.


word: JEER
russian_word: насмешка
example: some of the younger men jeered at him
definition: make rude and mocking remarks, typically in a loud voice.
antonyms: cheer|applaud
origin: mid 16th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒɪə
phonetics_text: dʒɪə
synonyms:
taunt|mock|scoff at|ridicule|laugh at|sneer at|deride|tease|insult|abuse|jibe (at)|scorn|shout disapproval (at)|heckle|interrupt|shout at/down|hector|catcall (at)|boo (at)|hoot at|whistle at|hiss (at)|blow raspberries (at)|knock|give someone a hard time|flout at


word: JEJUNE
russian_word: тощий
example: their entirely predictable and usually jejune opinions
definition: naive, simplistic, and superficial.|(of ideas or writings) dry and uninteresting.
antonyms: sophisticated|mature
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: dʒɪˈdʒuːn
phonetics_text: dʒɪˈdʒuːn
synonyms:
naive|simple|innocent|artless|guileless|unworldly|childlike|ingenuous|unsophisticated|inexperienced|ignorant|green|immature|callow|trusting|trustful|unsuspicious|unwary|unguarded|credulous|gullible|easily taken in|unaffected|without airs|open|frank|uninhibited|natural|unpretentious|spontaneous|down-to-earth|childish|juvenile|puerile|silly|infantile|wet behind the ears

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin jejunus ‘fasting, barren’. The original sense was ‘without food’, hence ‘not intellectually nourishing’.


word: JEJUNUM
russian_word: тощая кишка
definition: the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɪˈdʒuːnəm
phonetics_text: dʒɪˈdʒuːnəm
origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin, neuter of jejunus ‘fasting’ (because it is usually found to be empty after death).


word: JELL
russian_word: желе
origin: mid 18th century: back-formation from jelly1. See also gel1.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: dʒɛl
phonetics_text: dʒɛl
example:
she works at it all day but can't get the jelly to jell|he decided to do a different film that would jell at the box office

definition:
(of a liquid or semi-liquid substance) set or become more solid.|(of a project or idea) take a definite form or begin to work well.


word: JELLY
russian_word: желе
example: a bowl of jelly and custard|a box of fruit jellies
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒɛli
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛli
definition:
a fruit-flavoured dessert made by warming and then cooling a liquid containing gelatin or a similar setting agent in a mould or dish so that it sets into a semi-solid, somewhat elastic mass.|a small sweet made with gelatin.|gelignite.|jelly shoes.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French gelee ‘frost, jelly’, from Latin gelata ‘frozen’, from gelare ‘freeze’, from gelu ‘frost’.


word: JELLYFISH
russian_word: медуза
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛlɪfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛlɪfɪʃ
definition:
a free-swimming marine coelenterate with a gelatinous bell- or saucer-shaped body that is typically transparent and has stinging tentacles around the edge.|a feeble person.


word: JENNET
russian_word: ослица
definition: a kind of small Spanish horse.|a female donkey.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛnɪt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛnɪt
origin:
late Middle English: via French from Spanish jinete ‘light horseman’, from Spanish Arabic Zenāta, the name of a Berber people famous for horsemanship.


word: JENNY
russian_word: Дженни
definition: a female donkey or ass.|short for spinning jenny.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛni
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛni
origin:
early 17th century (used to denote a female mammal or bird): pet form of the given name Janet (compare with jack1).


word: JEOPARDIZE
russian_word: рисковать
example: a devaluation of the dollar would jeopardize New York's position as a financial centre
definition: put (someone or something) into a situation in which there is a danger of loss, harm, or failure.
antonyms: safeguard
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈdʒɛpədʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛpədʌɪz
synonyms:
threaten|endanger|imperil|menace|risk|put at risk|expose to risk|put in danger|expose to danger|put in jeopardy|put on the line|leave vulnerable|leave unprotected|compromise|prejudice|be prejudicial to|be a danger to|pose a threat to|damage|injure|harm|do harm to|be detrimental to|peril


word: JEOPARDY
russian_word: опасность
example: the whole peace process is in jeopardy
definition: danger of loss, harm, or failure.
antonyms: safety|security
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛpədi
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛpədi
synonyms:
danger|peril|at risk|endangerment|imperilment|insecurity|perilousness|riskiness|precariousness|uncertainty|instability|vulnerability|threat|menace

origin:
Middle English iuparti, from Old French ieu parti ‘(evenly) divided game’. The term was originally used in chess and other games to denote a problem, or a position in which the chances of winning or losing were evenly balanced, hence ‘a dangerous situation’.


word: JERBOA
russian_word: тушканчик
origin: mid 17th century: modern Latin, from Arabic yarbū‘ .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒəːˈbəʊə
phonetics_text: dʒəːˈbəʊə|ˈdʒəːbəʊə
definition:
a desert-dwelling rodent with very long hind legs that enable it to walk upright and perform long jumps, found from North Africa to central Asia.


word: JEREMIAD
russian_word: сетования
example: the jeremiads of puritan preachers warning of moral decay
definition: a long, mournful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌdʒɛrɪˈmʌɪad
phonetics_text: ˌdʒɛrɪˈmʌɪad
origin:
late 18th century: from French jérémiade, from Jérémie ‘Jeremiah’, from ecclesiastical Latin Jeremias, with reference to the Lamentations of Jeremiah in the Old Testament.


word: JERK
russian_word: рывок
example: he gave a sudden jerk of his head
definition: a quick, sharp, sudden movement.|a contemptibly foolish person.
origin: mid 16th century (denoting a stroke with a whip): probably imitative.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒəːk
phonetics_text: dʒəːk
synonyms:
yank|tug|pull|wrench|snatch|heave|drag|tweak|twitch|jolt|lurch|bump|start|jar|jog|bang|bounce|shake|shock|jounce


word: JERKED
russian_word: дернулся
example: the food was great, especially the jerked chicken and ribs
origin: early 18th century: from jerk2.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: dʒəːkt
phonetics_text: dʒəːkt
definition:
(of meat or fish) seasoned or marinated in a blend of chilli, allspice, and other ingredients and barbecued over a wood fire.|(of meat, especially beef) cured by being cut into long thin strips and dried.


word: JERKWATER
russian_word: незначительный
example: some jerkwater town
definition: of or associated with small, remote, and insignificant rural settlements.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒəːkwɔːtə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːkwɔːtə
origin:
mid 19th century: from jerk1 + water, from the need for early railway engines to be supplied with water in remote areas, by dipping a bucket into a stream and ‘jerking’ it out by rope.


word: JERKY
russian_word: вяленое мясо
example: the coach drew to a jerky halt|he makes mischief with his jerky pals
definition: characterized by abrupt stops and starts.|contemptibly foolish.
antonyms: fluid|smooth
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒəːki
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːki
synonyms:
convulsive|spasmodic|fitful|twitchy|paroxysmal|shaking|shaky|tremulous|uncontrolled|uncontrollable|jolting|lurching|bumpy|bouncy|jarring|rough|jouncing


word: JEROBOAM
russian_word: большая чаша
definition: a wine bottle with a capacity four times larger than that of an ordinary bottle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌdʒɛrəˈbəʊəm
phonetics_text: ˌdʒɛrəˈbəʊəm
origin:
early 19th century: named after Jeroboam, a king of Israel, ‘who made Israel to sin’ (1 Kings 11:28, 14:16).


word: JERSEY
russian_word: джерси
origin: late 16th century (denoting woollen worsted fabric made in Jersey): from Jersey.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəːzi
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːzi
definition:
a knitted garment with long sleeves, worn over the upper body.|an animal of a breed of light brown dairy cattle from Jersey.


word: JESS
russian_word: Джесс
origin: Middle English: from Old French ges, based on Latin jactus ‘a throw’, from jacere ‘to throw’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɛs
phonetics_text: dʒɛs
definition:
a short leather strap that is fastened round each leg of a hawk, usually also having a ring or swivel to which a leash may be attached.


word: JEST
russian_word: шутить
example: he laughed uproariously at his own jest
definition: a thing said or done for amusement; a joke.
antonyms: seriously
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɛst
phonetics_text: dʒɛst
synonyms:
joke|witticism|funny remark|gag|quip|sally|pun|play on words|bon mot|crack|wisecrack|one-liner|funny|comeback|repartee|banter|prank|practical joke|piece of mischief|hoax|trick|jape|leg-pull|put-on|lark|dido|in fun|as a joke|tongue in cheek|playfully|jokingly|light-heartedly|facetiously|flippantly|frivolously|for a laugh|to tease|teasingly|banteringly|whimsically

origin:
late Middle English: from earlier gest, from Old French geste, from Latin gesta ‘actions, exploits’, from gerere ‘do’. The original sense was ‘heroic deed’, hence ‘a narrative of such deeds’; later the term denoted an idle tale, hence a joke.


word: JESTER
russian_word: шут
synonyms: fool|court fool|court jester|clown|harlequin|pantaloon|buffoon|merry andrew|merryman|motley
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛstə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛstə
definition:
a professional joker or ‘fool’ at a medieval court, typically wearing a cap with bells on it and carrying a mock sceptre.


word: JESUIT
russian_word: иезуит
origin: from French jésuite or modern Latin Jesuita, from Christian Latin Iesus (see Jesus).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛz(j)ʊɪt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛz(j)ʊɪt
definition:
a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St Ignatius Loyola, St Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work. The order was zealous in opposing the Reformation. Despite periodic persecution it has retained an important influence in Catholic thought and education.


word: JET
russian_word: струя
example: a jet of boiling water spurted over his hand
definition: a rapid stream of liquid or gas forced out of a small opening.|a jet engine.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɛt
phonetics_text: dʒɛt
synonyms:
stream|spurt|squirt|spray|fountain|spout|gush|outpouring|rush|surge|burst|spill|flow|flood|cascade|torrent|current

origin:
late 16th century (as a verb meaning ‘jut out’): from French jeter ‘to throw’, based on Latin jactare, frequentative of jacere ‘to throw’.


word: JETSAM
russian_word: груз, выброшенный за борт
example: there was plenty of good kindling among the jetsam on the beach
origin: late 16th century (as jetson ): from jettison.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛts(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛts(ə)m
definition:
unwanted material or goods that have been thrown overboard from a ship and washed ashore, especially material that has been discarded to lighten the vessel.


word: JETTISON
russian_word: выбрасывать за борт
example: six aircraft jettisoned their loads in the sea
definition: throw or drop (something) from an aircraft or ship.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛtɪs(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛtɪs(ə)n|ˈdʒɛtɪz(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting the throwing of goods overboard to lighten a ship in distress): from Old French getaison, from Latin jactatio(n- ), from jactare ‘to throw’ (see jet1). The verb dates from the mid 19th century.


word: JETTON
russian_word: жетон
definition: a counter or token used as a gambling chip or to operate slot machines.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛt(ə)n
origin:
mid 18th century: from French jeton, from jeter ‘throw, add up accounts’ (see jet1); so named because the term was formerly used in accounting.


word: JETTY
russian_word: пристань
example: Ben jumped ashore and tied the rowboat up to the small wooden jetty
definition: a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɛti
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɛti
synonyms:
pier|landing stage|landing place|landing|quay|wharf|dock|berth|staithe|stair(s)|finger|pontoon|marina|harbour|breakwater|mole|groyne|dyke|dockominium|levee|traghetto

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French jetee, feminine past participle of jeter ‘to throw’ (see jet1).


word: JEW
russian_word: еврей
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒuː
phonetics_text: dʒuː
definition:
a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French juiu, via Latin from Greek Ioudaios, via Aramaic from Hebrew yĕhūḏī, from yĕhūḏāh ‘Judah’ (see Judah).


word: JEWEL
russian_word: драгоценность
origin: Middle English: from Old French joel, from jeu ‘game, play’, from Latin jocus ‘jest’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒuːəl
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːəl
definition:
a precious stone, typically a single crystal or piece of a hard lustrous or translucent mineral cut into shape with flat facets or smoothed and polished for use as an ornament.

synonyms:
gem|gemstone|precious stone|semi-precious stone|stone|brilliant|baguette|cabochon|sparkler|rock|bijou


word: JEWELLERY
russian_word: ювелирные изделия
example: she had silver hair and chunky gold jewellery
origin: late Middle English: from Old French juelerie, from juelier ‘jeweller’, from joel (see jewel).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒuːəlri
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːəlri
definition:
personal ornaments, such as necklaces, rings, or bracelets, that are typically made from or contain jewels and precious metal.

synonyms:
jewels|gems|gemstones|precious stones|semi-precious stones|bijouterie|treasure|regalia|ornaments|trinkets|costume jewellery|diamanté|bijoux


word: JIBE
russian_word: насмешка
example: a jibe at his old rivals
definition: an insulting or mocking remark; a taunt.
synonyms: snide remark|cutting remark|taunt|sneer|jeer|insult|barb|dig|wisecrack|crack|put-down
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒʌɪb
phonetics_text: dʒʌɪb
origin:
mid 16th century (as a verb): perhaps from Old French giber ‘handle roughly’ (in modern dialect ‘kick’); compare with jib2.


word: JIFFY
russian_word: миг
example: we'll be back in a jiffy
definition: a very short time; a moment.
origin: late 18th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɪfi
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪfi
synonyms:
very soon|soon|in a second|in a minute|in a moment|in a trice|in a flash|shortly|directly|any second|any minute|any minute now|in a short time|in an instant|in the twinkling of an eye|in no time|in no time at all|in less than no time|before you know it|before long|momentarily|in a sec|in a nanosecond|in a jif|in two shakes|in two shakes of a lamb's tail|in the blink of an eye|in a blink|in the wink of an eye|in a wink|before you can say knife|in a tick|in two ticks|in a mo|in a snap|in jig time|anon


word: JIG
russian_word: джига
origin: mid 16th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɪɡ
phonetics_text: dʒɪɡ
definition:
a lively dance with leaping movements.|a device that holds a piece of work and guides the tool operating on it.|a type of artificial bait that is jerked up and down through the water.


word: JIGGER
russian_word: джиггер
example: they invented a jigger that pulls nets under the ice|a jigger or two of rum
origin: mid 16th century (originally a slang word for a door): from the verb jig.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒɪɡə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪɡə
definition:
a machine or vehicle with a part that rocks or moves to and fro, e.g. a jigsaw.|a person who dances a jig.|a small sail set at the stern of a ship.|a measure or small glass of spirits or wine.|a rest for a billiard cue.|a metal golf club with a narrow face.|a small hand- or power-operated railway vehicle used by railway workers.


word: JIGSAW
russian_word: головоломки
example: time is passed by doing jigsaws
origin: late 19th century: from the verb jig + the noun saw1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɪɡsɔː
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪɡsɔː
definition:
a puzzle consisting of a picture printed on cardboard or wood and cut into various pieces of different shapes that have to be fitted together.|a machine saw with a fine blade enabling it to cut curved lines in a sheet of wood, metal, or plastic.


word: JIHAD
russian_word: джихад
example: he declared a jihad against the infidels
definition: a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɪˈhɑːd
phonetics_text: dʒɪˈhɑːd
origin:
from Arabic jihād, literally ‘effort’, expressing, in Muslim thought, struggle on behalf of God and Islam.


word: JILBAB
russian_word: джилбаба
origin: Persian jilbāb, from Arabic, ‘garment, dress, veil’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɪlˈbɑːb
phonetics_text: dʒɪlˈbɑːb
definition:
a full-length outer garment, traditionally covering the head and hands, worn in public by some Muslim women.


word: JILT
russian_word: кокетка
example: he was jilted at the altar by his bride-to-be
definition: suddenly reject or abandon (a lover).
origin: mid 17th century: (in the sense ‘deceive, trick’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒɪlt
phonetics_text: dʒɪlt
synonyms:
leave|walk out on|throw over|finish with|break up with|reject|cast aside|desert|abandon|leave in the lurch|leave high and dry|betray|chuck|ditch|dump|drop|run out on|give someone the old heave-ho|give someone the elbow|give someone the big E|give someone the push|bin off|do the dirty on|forsake


word: JIM-JAMS
russian_word: белая горячка
example: pre-race jim-jams
definition: a fit of depression or nervousness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɪmdʒamz
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪmdʒamz
origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting a small article or knick-knack): fanciful reduplication. The current sense dates from the late 19th century.


word: JINGLE
russian_word: звон
example: the jingle of a bridle|he makes up advertising jingles
synonyms: clink|chink|tinkle|jangle|rattle|ring|ding|ping|ting-a-ling|chime|tintinnabulation
origin: late Middle English: imitative.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒɪŋɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪŋɡ(ə)l
definition:
a light ringing sound such as that made by metal objects being shaken together.|a short slogan, verse, or tune designed to be easily remembered, especially as used in advertising.|a bivalve mollusc with a fragile, slightly translucent shell.


word: JINGO
russian_word: джингоист
example: the feverish excitement of the jingo crowds
definition: a vociferous supporter of policy favouring war, especially in the name of patriotism.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɪŋɡəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪŋɡəʊ
origin:
late 17th century (originally a conjuror's word): by jingo (and the noun sense) come from a popular song adopted by those supporting the sending of a British fleet into Turkish waters to resist Russia in 1878. The chorus ran: ‘We don't want to fight, yet by Jingo! if we do, We've got the ships, we've got the men, and got the money too’.


word: JINGOISM
russian_word: ура-патриотизм
example: the popular jingoism that swept the lower–middle classes
definition: extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɪŋɡəʊɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪŋɡəʊɪz(ə)m
synonyms:
extreme patriotism|blind patriotism|chauvinism|extreme nationalism|flag-waving|xenophobia|isolationism|sectarianism|hawkishness|militarism|warmongering|belligerence|bellicosity


word: JINGOISTIC
russian_word: ура
example: jingoistic propaganda
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: dʒɪŋɡəʊˈɪstɪk
phonetics_text: dʒɪŋɡəʊˈɪstɪk
definition:
characterized by extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.


word: JINK
russian_word: уловка
example: she was too quick for him and jinked away every time
definition: change direction suddenly and nimbly, as when dodging a pursuer.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒɪŋk
phonetics_text: dʒɪŋk
origin:
late 17th century (originally Scots as high jinks, denoting antics at drinking parties): probably symbolic of nimble motion. Current senses date from the 18th century.


word: JINN
russian_word: джинн
example: the rebellious jinn lead men astray
origin: from Arabic jinnī, plural jinn .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɪn
phonetics_text: dʒɪn
definition:
(in Arabian and Muslim mythology) an intelligent spirit of lower rank than the angels, able to appear in human and animal forms and to possess humans.


word: JINX
russian_word: дурной глаз
example: one was never to wish luck to someone going hunting or fishing, as it was seen as a jinx
definition: a person or thing that brings bad luck.
part_of_speech: noun|verb|exclamation
phonetic: dʒɪŋks
phonetics_text: dʒɪŋks
synonyms:
curse|spell|hoodoo|malediction|plague|affliction|the evil eye|black magic|voodoo|bad luck|evil fortune|cess|hex|the kiss of death|malison

origin:
early 20th century (originally US): probably a variant of jynx ‘wryneck’ (because the bird was used in witchcraft).


word: JIRGA
russian_word: джирга
definition: (in Afghanistan and Pakistan) a tribal council.
origin: mid 19th century: Pashto, ‘council, assembly’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəːɡə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːɡə
example:
a three-day jirga of tribal elders concluded that it would oppose further military operations in their territories


word: JITTER
russian_word: дрожание
example: a bout of the jitters|picture jitter
antonyms: calmness|serenity
origin: 1920s: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪtə
definition:
feelings of extreme nervousness.|slight irregular movement, variation, or unsteadiness, especially in an electrical signal or electronic device.

synonyms:
nervousness|nerves|fit of nerves|edginess|uneasiness|anxiety|anxiousness|tension|agitation|fretfulness|restlessness|fidgeting|trembling|shaking|jumpiness|stage fright|buck fever|butterflies (in one's stomach)|the willies|collywobbles|the heebie-jeebies|the shakes|the DTs|the jumps|the yips|jitteriness|the jim-jams|twitchiness|the (screaming) abdabs|Joe Blakes|worriment


word: JITTERY
russian_word: нервный
example: caffeine makes me jittery
definition: nervous or unable to relax.
antonyms: cool|calm|relaxed|laid-back
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɪt(ə)ri
synonyms:
nervous|anxious|worried|apprehensive|on edge|edgy|tense|strained|stressed|agitated|in a state of nerves|in a state of agitation|uneasy|restless|worked up|keyed up|overwrought|wrought up|strung out|jumpy|on tenterhooks|with one's stomach in knots|fidgety|fearful|frightened|scared|like a cat on a hot tin roof|quaking|trembling|shaking|shaking in one's shoes|shaky|on pins and needles|in a cold sweat|fevered|febrile|twitchy|in a state|uptight|wired|in a stew|all of a dither|all of a doodah|in a sweat|in a flap|in a tizz/tizzy|all of a lather|het up|in a twitter|strung up|stressy|windy|having kittens|like a cat on hot bricks|spooky|squirrelly|in a twit|toey|overstrung|shitting bricks|bricking oneself


word: JIVE
russian_word: джайв
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: dʒʌɪv
phonetics_text: dʒʌɪv
definition:
a lively style of dance popular especially in the 1940s and 1950s, performed to swing music or rock and roll.|a form of slang associated with black American jazz musicians.

origin:
1920s (originally US denoting meaningless or misleading speech): of unknown origin; the later musical sense ‘jazz’ gave rise to ‘dance performed to jazz’ (1940s).


word: JOB
russian_word: работа
origin: mid 16th century (in job1 (sense 2 of the noun)): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɒb
phonetics_text: dʒɒb
example:
the scheme could create 200 jobs|she wants to be left alone to get on with the job|the oven is one of those fancy-pants jobs with a convection fan

definition:
a paid position of regular employment.|a task or piece of work, especially one that is paid.|a thing of a specified kind.

synonyms:
position of employment|position|post|situation|place|appointment|posting|placement|day job|occupation|profession|trade|career|work|field of work|line of work|line of business|means of livelihood|means of earning a living|walk of life|métier|pursuit|craft|vocation|calling|vacancy|opening|way|berth|grip|employ


word: JOBBER
russian_word: спекулянт
origin: late 17th century (in the sense ‘broker, middleman’, originally not derogatory): from job1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɒbə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒbə
definition:
(in the UK) a principal or wholesaler who dealt only on the Stock Exchange with brokers, not directly with the public.|a wholesaler.|a person who does casual or occasional work.


word: JOBLESS
russian_word: безработный
example: thousands of jobless youngsters
definition: unemployed.
antonyms: in work|employed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɒbləs
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒbləs
synonyms:
unemployed|out of work|without work|out of a job|without paid employment|unwaged|workless|between jobs|laid off|redundant|on welfare|collecting unemployment|signing on|on the dole|resting|on the wallaby track|collecting|disemployed


word: JOCKEY
russian_word: жокей
example: a former champion jockey
definition: a person who rides in horse races, especially as a profession.
synonyms: rider|horseman|horsewoman|equestrian|hoop
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒɒki
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒki
origin:
late 16th century: diminutive of Jock. Originally the name for an ordinary man, lad, or underling, the word came to mean ‘mounted courier’, hence the current sense (late 17th century). Another early use ‘horse-dealer’ (long a byword for dishonesty) probably gave rise to the verb sense ‘manipulate’, whereas the main verb sense probably relates to the behaviour of jockeys manoeuvring for an advantageous position during a race.


word: JOCULAR
russian_word: шутливый
example: she sounded in a jocular mood
definition: fond of or characterized by joking; humorous or playful.
antonyms: solemn|serious|earnest
origin: early 17th century: from Latin jocularis, from joculus, diminutive of jocus (see joke).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɒkjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒkjʊlə
synonyms:
humorous|funny|witty|comic|comical|amusing|chucklesome|droll|entertaining|diverting|joking|jesting|hilarious|facetious|tongue-in-cheek|playful|light-hearted|jolly|jovial|cheerful|cheery|merry|mirthful|roguish|waggish|whimsical|teasing|jokey|sportive|jocose|ludic


word: JOCUND
russian_word: веселый
example: a jocund wedding party
definition: cheerful and light-hearted.
antonyms: sad
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɒk(ə)nd
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒk(ə)nd|ˈdʒəʊk(ə)nd
synonyms:
cheerful|happy|jolly|merry|bright|glad|sunny|joyful|joyous|light-hearted|in good spirits|in high spirits|sparkling|bubbly|exuberant|ebullient|cock-a-hoop|elated|gleeful|breezy|airy|cheery|sprightly|jaunty|animated|radiant|smiling|grinning|laughing|mirthful|frolicsome|jovial|genial|good-humoured|happy-go-lucky|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|buoyant|optimistic|hopeful|full of hope|positive|content|contented|upbeat|chipper|chirpy|peppy|smiley|sparky|zippy|zingy|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|full of vim and vigour|peart|gay|gladsome|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin jocundus, variant (influenced by jocus ‘joke’) of jucundus ‘pleasant, agreeable’, from juvare ‘to delight’.


word: JODHPURS
russian_word: брюки для верховой езды
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɒdpəz
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒdpəz
definition:
full-length trousers worn for horse riding, which are close-fitting below the knee and have reinforced patches on the inside of the leg.

origin:
late 19th century: named after Jodhpur, where similar garments are worn by Indian men as part of everyday dress.


word: JOE
russian_word: Джо
example: he's just a hard-working, divorced average Joe|a cup of joe
definition: an ordinary man.|coffee.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒəʊ
phonetics_text: dʒəʊ
origin:
mid 19th century: pet form of the given name Joseph; compare with Joe Bloggs. Joe (sense 2) arose in the 1940s.


word: JOG
russian_word: бегать трусцой
example: he began to jog along the road|a hand jogged his elbow
synonyms: run slowly|jogtrot|dogtrot|trot|lope|go jogging
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘stab, pierce’): variant of jag1.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒɒɡ
phonetics_text: dʒɒɡ
definition:
run at a steady gentle pace, especially on a regular basis as a form of physical exercise.|nudge or knock slightly.


word: JOHN
russian_word: Джон
example: you have to walk across the stage to get to the john|the hooker who opens her soul to her john
definition: a toilet.|a prostitute's client.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɒn
phonetics_text: dʒɒn
origin:
early 20th century (in john (sense 2)): from the given name John, used from late Middle English as a form of address to a man, or to denote various occupations, including that of priest (late Middle English) and policeman (mid 17th century).


word: JOHNNY
russian_word: Джонни
example: the security johnny insists that you sign the visitors' book
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɒni
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒni
definition:
used as a name for an unknown man, often suggesting that he is unimportant or insignificant.|a condom.|a gown fastened at the back, worn by hospital patients.

origin:
late 17th century (in johnny (sense 1 of the noun)): pet form of the given name John ; johnny (sense 2 of the noun) dates from the 1960s.


word: JOHNSONIAN
russian_word: напыщенный стиль
example: Johnsonian ideas about biography
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌdʒɒnˈsəʊnɪən
phonetics_text: ˌdʒɒnˈsəʊnɪən
definition:
relating to or characteristic of the English lexicographer and writer Dr Samuel Johnson or his works.


word: JOIN
russian_word: присоединиться
example: the tap was joined to a pipe
definition: link; connect.
antonyms: separate
origin: Middle English: from Old French joindre, from Latin jungere ‘to join’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒɔɪn
phonetics_text: dʒɔɪn
synonyms:
connect|unite|fix|affix|attach|add|annex|fasten|stick|glue|fuse|knit|weld|amalgamate|consolidate|combine|bond|append|link|bridge|secure|lock|make fast|tie|bind|string|lash|couple|marry|pair|yoke|team|chain|merge|dovetail|splice|blend|conjoin


word: JOINER
russian_word: столяр
origin: Middle English: from Old French joigneor, from joindre ‘to join’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪnə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪnə
example:
bricklayers and joiners are needed to convert derelict properties|a compulsive joiner of revolutionary movements

definition:
a person who constructs the wooden components of a building, such as stairs, doors, and door and window frames.|a person who readily joins groups or campaigns.


word: JOINERY
russian_word: столярные изделия
example: the timber is in demand for furniture and interior joinery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪnəri
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪnəri
definition:
the wooden components of a building, such as stairs, doors, and door and window frames, viewed collectively.


word: JOINT
russian_word: совместный
origin: Middle English: from Old French, past participle of joindre ‘to join’ (see join).
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: dʒɔɪnt
phonetics_text: dʒɔɪnt
example:
seal the joint between the roof and the house wall|she suffers from stiff joints and finds bending difficult|a burger joint|he rolled a joint|listen to one of his joints nowadays and you don't even need to see the production credit

definition:
a point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined.|a structure in the human or animal body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.|an establishment of a specified kind, especially one where people meet for eating, drinking, or entertainment.|a cannabis cigarette.|a piece of creative work, especially a musical recording.

synonyms:
join|junction|juncture|intersection|link|linkage|connection|nexus|weld|knot|seam|coupling|coupler|bracket|brace|hinge|commissure|suture


word: JOINTER
russian_word: фуганок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪntə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪntə
definition:
a plane used for preparing a wooden edge for fixing or joining to another.|a worker employed in jointing pipes or wires.


word: JOINTLY
russian_word: совместно
example: a report prepared jointly by Harvard and Yale universities
definition: with another person or people; together.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪntli
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪntli
synonyms:
together|in partnership|in cooperation|cooperatively|in collaboration|in conjunction|in concert|in combination|as one|mutually|in alliance|in league|in collusion|in cahoots


word: JOINTURE
russian_word: вдовья часть наследства
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪntʃə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪntʃə
definition:
an estate settled on a wife for the period during which she survives her husband, in lien of a dower.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘junction, joint’): from Old French, from Latin junctura (see juncture). In late Middle English the term denoted the joint holding of property by a husband and wife for life, whence the current sense.


word: JOIST
russian_word: балка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɔɪst
phonetics_text: dʒɔɪst
definition:
a length of timber or steel supporting part of the structure of a building, typically arranged in parallel series to support a floor or ceiling.

origin:
late Middle English giste, from Old French, ‘beam supporting a bridge’, based on Latin jacere ‘lie down’.


word: JOJOBA
russian_word: жожоба
origin: early 20th century: from Mexican Spanish.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: həˈhəʊbə
phonetics_text: həˈhəʊbə|həʊˈhəʊbə
definition:
an oil extracted from the seeds of an American shrub, widely used in cosmetics.|the leathery-leaved evergreen shrub or small tree that produces these seeds, native chiefly to the south-western US. It is grown to prevent desertification as well as for its seeds.


word: JOKE
russian_word: шутка
example: she was in a mood to tell jokes
origin: late 17th century (originally slang): perhaps from Latin jocus ‘jest, wordplay’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒəʊk
phonetics_text: dʒəʊk
definition:
a thing that someone says to cause amusement or laughter, especially a story with a funny punchline.

synonyms:
funny story|jest|witticism|quip|pleasantry|pun|play on words|shaggy-dog story|old chestnut|double entendre|in-joke|gag|wisecrack|crack|funny|one-liner|rib-tickler|killer|knee-slapper|thigh-slapper|boffola|blague


word: JOKER
russian_word: джокер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəʊkə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəʊkə
definition:
a person who is fond of joking.|a playing card, typically bearing the figure of a jester, used in some games as a wild card.|a clause unobtrusively inserted in a bill or document and affecting its operation in a way not immediately apparent.

synonyms:
humorist|comedian|comedienne|comic|funny man/woman|wag|wit|jester|prankster|practical joker|hoaxer|trickster|clown|card|jokester|wisecracker|quiz|droll|merry andrew|quipster|gagster|jokesmith|punster|kidder|farceur


word: JOLLY
russian_word: веселый
example: he was a jolly man full of jokes
definition: happy and cheerful.
antonyms: miserable|gloomy
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|adverb|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɒli
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒli
synonyms:
cheerful|happy|cheery|good-humoured|jovial|merry|sunny|bright|joyful|light-hearted|in high spirits|in good spirits|sparkling|bubbly|exuberant|effervescent|ebullient|breezy|airy|lively|vivacious|full of life|sprightly|jaunty|glad|cock-a-hoop|gleeful|smiling|grinning|laughing|mirthful|radiant|happy-go-lucky|genial|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|fun-loving|buoyant|optimistic|hopeful|positive|chipper|chirpy|perky|smiley|upbeat|peppy|sparky|zippy|zingy|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|full of vim and vigour|peart|gay|gladsome|jocund|joyous|jocose|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer|perk|as merry/lively as a grig|Pickwickian

origin:
Middle English: from Old French jolif, an earlier form of joli ‘pretty’, perhaps from Old Norse jól (see Yule).


word: JOMO
russian_word: йомо
example: JOMO is the perfect antidote to a long summer of excess
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: early 21st century: abbreviation of joy of missing out, on the model of FOMO.
definition:
pleasure derived from living in a quiet or independent way without feeling anxious that one is missing out on exciting or interesting events that may be happening elsewhere.


word: JOMON
russian_word: Дземон
origin: from Japanese jōmon ‘cord pattern’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəʊmən
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəʊmən
definition:
an early Mesolithic-type culture in Japan ( c. 10,000–300 BC), preceding the Yayoi period. It is characterized by pottery decorated with a distinctive cord pattern.


word: JONG
russian_word: Чен
example: there are sharks out there, jong
origin: Afrikaans, from earlier South African Dutch jongen ‘lad’.
part_of_speech: noun|exclamation
phonetic: jɒŋ
phonetics_text: jɒŋ
definition:
a young black male servant.|used as a form of address to both men and women, expressing affection or exasperation.


word: JONGLEUR
russian_word: менестрель
definition: an itinerant minstrel.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒɒ̃ˈɡləː
phonetics_text: dʒɒ̃ˈɡləː
origin:
French, variant of jougleur ‘juggler’, earlier jogleor ‘pleasant, smiling’, from Latin joculator ‘joker’.


word: JONQUIL
russian_word: нарцисс
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɒŋkwɪl
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒŋkwɪl
definition:
a widely cultivated narcissus with clusters of small fragrant yellow flowers and cylindrical leaves, native to southern Europe and north-eastern Africa.

origin:
early 17th century: from modern Latin jonquilla or French jonquille, from Spanish junquillo, diminutive of junco, from Latin juncus ‘rush, reed’.


word: JORUM
russian_word: большая кружка
definition: a large bowl or jug used for serving drinks such as tea or punch.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɔːrəm
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔːrəm
origin:
early 18th century: perhaps from Joram (2 Sam. 8:10), who ‘brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold’ to King David.


word: JOSTLE
russian_word: толкучку
example: he was jostled by passengers rushing for the gates
definition: push, elbow, or bump against (someone) roughly, typically in a crowd.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒɒs(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɒs(ə)l
synonyms:
bump into/against|knock into/against|bang into|collide with|cannon into|plough into|jolt|push|shove|elbow|hustle|mob|barrel into|thrust|barge|force|squeeze|shoulder|bulldoze|struggle|vie|jockey|scramble|crowd one another|scrum

origin:
late Middle English justle, from just, an earlier form of joust. The original sense was ‘have sexual intercourse with’; current senses date from the mid 16th century.


word: JOT
russian_word: йота
example: when you've found the answers, jot them down
definition: write (something) quickly.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒɒt
phonetics_text: dʒɒt
synonyms:
write down|note down|make a note of|take down|set down|put down|put on paper|mark down|log|record|list|register|enter|scribble|scrawl

origin:
late 15th century (as a noun): via Latin from Greek iōta, the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet: see iota.


word: JOULE
russian_word: джоуль
origin: late 19th century: named after J. P. Joule (see Joule, James Prescott).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒuːl
phonetics_text: dʒuːl
definition:
the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one metre in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour.


word: JOURNAL
russian_word: журнал
example: medical journals|while abroad he had kept a journal
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒəːn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːn(ə)l
definition:
a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional activity.|a daily record of news and events of a personal nature; a diary.|the part of a shaft or axle that rests on bearings.

synonyms:
periodical|publication|magazine|gazette|digest|professional organ|review|newsletter|news-sheet|bulletin|newspaper|paper|daily|weekly|monthly|quarterly

origin:
late Middle English (originally denoting a book containing the appointed times of daily prayers): from Old French jurnal, from late Latin diurnalis (see diurnal).


word: JOURNALISM
russian_word: журналистика
example: pop journalism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəːn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
the activity or profession of writing for newspapers, magazines, or news websites or preparing news to be broadcast.

synonyms:
the newspaper business|the newspaper world|the press|the print media|the fourth estate|radio journalism|television journalism|Fleet Street|reporting|writing|reportage|feature writing|news coverage|investigative journalism|articles|reports|features|pieces|stories


word: JOURNALIST
russian_word: журналист
example: foreign journalists had been expelled from the area
definition: a person who writes for newspapers, magazines, or news websites or prepares news to be broadcast.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəːn(ə)lɪst
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːn(ə)lɪst
synonyms:
reporter|correspondent|newsman|newswoman|newspaperman|newspaperwoman|columnist|writer|commentator|reviewer|blogger|investigative journalist|photojournalist|war correspondent|lobby correspondent|editor|subeditor|copy editor|paparazzo|pressman|legman|wireman|newsy|roundsman|newshound|hack|hackette|stringer|journo|talking head|newshawk|thumbsucker|publicist|the commentariat


word: JOURNEY
russian_word: путешествие
example: an eight-hour train journey
definition: an act of travelling from one place to another.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈdʒəːni
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːni
synonyms:
trip|expedition|period of travelling|tour|trek|voyage|cruise|safari|ride|drive|transfer|crossing|passage|flight|travels|wandering|roaming|roving|globetrotting|odyssey|pilgrimage|excursion|outing|jaunt|peregrination

origin:
Middle English: from Old French jornee ‘day, a day's travel, a day's work’ (the earliest senses in English), based on Latin diurnum ‘daily portion’, from diurnus (see diurnal).


word: JOURNEYMAN
russian_word: подмастерье
example: a solid journeyman professional|a journeyman carpenter
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒəːnɪmən
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəːnɪmən
definition:
a worker or sports player who is reliable but not outstanding.|a trained worker who is employed by someone else.

origin:
late Middle English: from journey (in the obsolete sense ‘day's work’) + man; so named because the journeyman was no longer bound by indentures but was paid by the day.


word: JOUST
russian_word: рыцарский турнир
example: to joust, a man must have an opponent to ride against|the guerrillas jousted for supremacy
synonyms: enter the lists|tourney|tilt|break a lance|fight|spar|contend|clash
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: dʒaʊst
phonetics_text: dʒaʊst
definition:
(of a medieval knight) engage in a sporting contest in which two opponents on horseback fight with lances.|compete closely for superiority.

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘join battle, engage’): from Old French jouster ‘bring together’, based on Latin juxta ‘near’.


word: JOUSTING
russian_word: рыцарские
example: at the centre of the festivities were several days of jousting by armoured knights
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒaʊstɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒaʊstɪŋ
definition:
a medieval sporting contest in which two opponents on horseback, typically knights, fight with lances.


word: JOVIAL
russian_word: веселый
example: she was in a jovial mood
definition: cheerful and friendly.
antonyms: miserable|gloomy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒəʊvɪəl
phonetics_text: ˈdʒəʊvɪəl
synonyms:
cheerful|jolly|happy|cheery|good-humoured|convivial|genial|good-natured|friendly|amiable|affable|sociable|outgoing|clubbable|smiling|grinning|laughing|mirthful|merry|sunny|bright|joyful|high-spirited|exuberant|ebullient|lively|vivacious|full of life|sprightly|jaunty|breezy|happy-go-lucky|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|fun-loving|buoyant|optimistic|positive|chipper|chirpy|perky|smiley|upbeat|peppy|sparky|bright-eyed and bushy-tailed|full of beans|full of vim and vigour|peart|gay|gladsome|jocund|joyous|jocose|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer|perk|as merry/lively as a grig|Pickwickian

origin:
late 16th century: from French, from late Latin jovialis ‘of Jupiter’ (see Jove), with reference to the supposed influence of the planet Jupiter on those born under it.


word: JOWL
russian_word: челюсть
example: she had a large nose and heavy jowls
definition: the lower part of a person's or animal's cheek, especially when it is fleshy or drooping.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒaʊl
phonetics_text: dʒaʊl
origin:
Old English ceole (related to German Kehle ‘throat, gullet’), partly merged with Old English ceafl ‘jaw’ (related to Dutch kevels ‘cheekbones’).


word: JOY
russian_word: радость
example: tears of joy
definition: a feeling of great pleasure and happiness.
antonyms: misery|despair|trial|tribulation
origin: Middle English: from Old French joie, based on Latin gaudium, from gaudere ‘rejoice’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒɔɪ
phonetics_text: dʒɔɪ
synonyms:
delight|great pleasure|joyfulness|jubilation|triumph|exultation|rejoicing|happiness|gladness|glee|exhilaration|ebullience|exuberance|elation|euphoria|bliss|ecstasy|transports of delight|rapture|radiance|enjoyment|gratification|felicity|cloud nine|seventh heaven|joie de vivre|delectation|joyousness|jouissance|ravishment|jocundity|pleasure|source of pleasure|treat|thrill|buzz|kick


word: JOYFUL
russian_word: радостный
example: joyful music
definition: feeling, expressing, or causing great pleasure and happiness.
antonyms: sad|miserable|distressing|depressing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪfʊl|ˈdʒɔɪf(ə)l
synonyms:
cheerful|happy|jolly|merry|bright|sunny|joyous|light-hearted|in good spirits|in high spirits|sparkling|bubbly|effervescent|exuberant|ebullient|cock-a-hoop|breezy|airy|cheery|sprightly|jaunty|smiling|grinning|beaming|laughing|mirthful|radiant|jubilant|overjoyed|beside oneself with joy|thrilled|ecstatic|euphoric|blissful|on cloud nine/seven|elated|delighted|glad|gleeful|gratified|jovial|genial|good-humoured|happy-go-lucky|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|buoyant|optimistic|hopeful|full of hope|positive|content|contented|upbeat|chipper|chirpy|peppy|smiley|sparky|over the moon|on top of the world|peart|gay|wrapped|jocund|gladsome|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer|pleasing|good|cheering|gladdening|gratifying|welcome|heart-warming|delightful|festive|celebratory


word: JOYLESS
russian_word: безрадостный
example: she had to face the thought of a joyless future
definition: not giving or feeling any pleasure or satisfaction; grim or dismal.
antonyms: cheerful|fun-loving|pleasant|welcoming
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪləs
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪləs
synonyms:
gloomy|melancholy|morose|lugubrious|glum|sombre|saturnine|sullen|dour|mirthless|humourless|unhappy|sad|miserable|depressed|despondent|sunk in gloom|heavy-hearted|doleful|downcast|dejected|dispirited|depressing|cheerless|dreary|bleak|dispiriting|drab|dismal|desolate|wretched|comfortless|austere|stark|grim|unwelcoming|uninviting|inhospitable|drear


word: JOYOUS
russian_word: радостный
example: scenes of joyous celebration
definition: full of happiness and joy.
antonyms: sad|miserable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒɔɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈdʒɔɪəs
synonyms:
joyful|cheerful|happy|jolly|merry|bright|sunny|light-hearted|in good spirits|in high spirits|sparkling|bubbly|effervescent|exuberant|ebullient|cock-a-hoop|breezy|airy|cheery|sprightly|jaunty|smiling|grinning|beaming|laughing|mirthful|radiant|jubilant|overjoyed|beside oneself with joy|thrilled|ecstatic|euphoric|blissful|on cloud nine/seven|elated|delighted|glad|gleeful|gratified|jovial|genial|good-humoured|happy-go-lucky|carefree|unworried|untroubled|without a care in the world|full of the joys of spring|buoyant|optimistic|hopeful|full of hope|positive|content|contented|upbeat|chipper|chirpy|peppy|smiley|sparky|over the moon|on top of the world|peart|gay|wrapped|jocund|gladsome|blithe|blithesome|of good cheer


word: JUBA
russian_word: Джуба
origin: late 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒuːbə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːbə
definition:
a dance originating among plantation slaves in the southern US, featuring rhythmic handclapping and slapping of the thighs.


word: JUBILANT
russian_word: ликующий
example: a large number of jubilant fans ran on to the pitch
definition: feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.
antonyms: downcast|despondent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈdʒuːbɪl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːbɪl(ə)nt
synonyms:
overjoyed|exultant|triumphant|joyful|jumping for joy|rejoicing|cock-a-hoop|exuberant|elated|thrilled|gleeful|euphoric|ecstatic|beside oneself with happiness|enraptured|in raptures|rhapsodic|transported|walking on air|in seventh heaven|on cloud nine|crowing|gloating|triumphal|triumphalist|over the moon|on top of the world|blissed out|on a high|tickled pink|wigged out|wrapped

origin:
mid 17th century (originally in the sense ‘making a joyful noise’): from Latin jubilant- ‘calling, hallooing’, from the verb jubilare (see jubilate).


word: JUBILATE
russian_word: ликовать
example: sing and jubilate aloud before God
definition: show great happiness; rejoice.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈdʒuːbɪleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːbɪleɪt
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin jubilat- ‘called out’, from the verb jubilare, used by Christian writers to mean ‘shout for joy’.


word: JUBILATION
russian_word: ликование
example: unbelievable scenes of jubilation
definition: a feeling of great happiness and triumph.
antonyms: despondency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: dʒuːbɪˈleɪʃn
phonetics_text: dʒuːbɪˈleɪʃn
synonyms:
exultation|triumph|joy|joyousness|rejoicing|elation|euphoria|ecstasy|rapture|transports of delight|glee|gleefulness|exuberance


word: JUBILEE
russian_word: юбилей
example: to celebrate its jubilee, the club is holding a tournament
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒuːbɪliː
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːbɪliː
definition:
a special anniversary of an event, especially one celebrating twenty-five or fifty years of a reign or activity.|a year of emancipation and restoration, kept every fifty years.|a period of remission from the penal consequences of sin, granted by the Roman Catholic Church under certain conditions for a year, usually at intervals of twenty-five years.

synonyms:
anniversary|commemoration|celebration|festival|gala|carnival|jamboree|feast day|holiday|festivities|revelry

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French jubile, from late Latin jubilaeus (annus) ‘(year) of jubilee’, based on Hebrew yōḇēl, originally ‘ram's-horn trumpet’, with which the jubilee year was proclaimed.


word: JUDGE
russian_word: судья
example: he is due to appear before a judge and jury on Monday
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒʌdʒ
phonetics_text: dʒʌdʒ
definition:
a public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court.|a leader having temporary authority in ancient Israel in the period between Joshua and the kings.

synonyms:
justice|magistrate|His/Her/Your Honour|Law Lord|Lord Justice|the judiciary|recorder|sheriff|deemster|jurat|jurist|surrogate|alcalde|beak|m'lud|reeve|sheriff-depute|bailie

origin:
Middle English: from Old French juge (noun), juger (verb), from Latin judex, judic-, from jus ‘law’ + dicere ‘to say’.


word: JUDGEMENT
russian_word: суждение
example: an error of judgement|the events of last week are a judgement on us for our sinful ways
origin: Middle English: from Old French jugement, from juger ‘to judge’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒʌdʒm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈdʒʌdʒm(ə)nt
definition:
the ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions.|a misfortune or calamity viewed as a divine punishment.

synonyms:
discernment|acumen|shrewdness|astuteness|common sense|good sense|sense|perception|perspicacity|percipience|penetration|acuity|discrimination|wisdom|wit|native wit|judiciousness|prudence|sagacity|understanding|intelligence|awareness|canniness|sharpness|sharp-wittedness|cleverness|powers of reasoning|reason|logic|nous|savvy|know-how|horse sense|gumption|grey matter|common|smarts|sapience|arguteness|in my opinion|to my mind|in my view|to my way of thinking|I believe|I think|as I see it|if you ask me|personally|in my book|for my money|in my estimation


word: JUDICIOUS
russian_word: рассудительный
example: the judicious use of public investment
definition: having, showing, or done with good judgement or sense.
antonyms: injudicious|foolish|ill-advised
origin: late 16th century: from French judicieux, from Latin judicium ‘judgement’ (see judicial).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: dʒuːˈdɪʃəs
phonetics_text: dʒuːˈdɪʃəs
synonyms:
wise|sensible|prudent|politic|shrewd|astute|canny|sagacious|common-sense|commonsensical|sound|well advised|well judged|well thought out|considered|thoughtful|perceptive|discerning|clear-sighted|insightful|far-sighted|percipient|discriminating|informed|intelligent|clever|enlightened|logical|rational|discreet|careful|cautious|circumspect|diplomatic|strategic|expedient|practical|advisable|in one's (best) interests|smart|savvy|pawky|heads-up|long-headed|argute|sapient


word: JUDO
russian_word: дзюдо
origin: late 19th century: Japanese, from jū ‘gentle’ + dō ‘way’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒuːdəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈdʒuːdəʊ
definition:
a sport of unarmed combat derived from ju-jitsu and intended to train the body and mind. It involves using holds and leverage to unbalance the opponent.


word: JUG
russian_word: кувшин
example: three months in the jug
origin: mid 16th century: perhaps from Jug, pet form of the given names Joan, Joanna, and Jenny .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: dʒʌɡ
phonetics_text: dʒʌɡ
definition:
a cylindrical container with a handle and a lip, used for holding and pouring liquids.|prison.|a woman's breasts.|a secure hold that is cut into rock for climbing.

synonyms:
pitcher|ewer|crock|jar|urn|carafe|flask|flagon|decanter|vessel|receptacle|container|toby jug|creamer|amphora|jorum|greybeard


word: JUGGLE
russian_word: жонглировать
example: Charles juggled five tangerines, his hands a frantic blur
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒʌɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈdʒʌɡ(ə)l
definition:
continuously toss into the air and catch (a number of objects) so as to keep at least one in the air while handling the others.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘entertain with jesting, tricks, etc.’): back-formation from juggler, or from Old French jogler, from Latin joculari ‘to jest’, from joculus, diminutive of jocus ‘jest’. Current senses date from the late 19th century.


word: JUGGLER
russian_word: жонглер
example: a circus juggler
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈdʒʌɡlə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒʌɡlə
definition:
an entertainer who continuously tosses into the air and catches a number of objects so as to keep at least one in the air while handling the others.


word: JUGULAR
russian_word: яремный
definition: of the neck or throat.|(of fish's pelvic fins) located in front of the pectoral fins.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈdʒʌɡjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈdʒʌɡjʊlə
origin:
late 16th century: from late Latin jugularis, from Latin jugulum ‘collarbone, throat’, diminutive of jugum ‘yoke’.


