# Dictionary_data_final

word: RELIABLE
russian_word: надежный
example: a reliable source of information
definition: consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.
antonyms: unreliable|untrustworthy|dodgy
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈlʌɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈlʌɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
dependable|good|well founded|well grounded|authentic|definitive|attested|valid|genuine|from the horse's mouth|sound|true|copper-bottomed|trustworthy|faithful|devoted|steady|steadfast|staunch|unswerving|unwavering|constant|loyal|trusty|dedicated|committed|unfailing|infallible|certain|sure|truthful|honest|safe|fail-safe|tried and tested|well built|well engineered|reputable|responsible|established|proven|stable|solid|secure|safe as houses


word: RELIANCE
russian_word: опора
example: the farmer's reliance on pesticides
definition: dependence on or trust in someone or something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈlʌɪəns
phonetics_text: rɪˈlʌɪəns
synonyms:
dependence|dependency|seeking support from|leaning on|trust in|confidence in|faith in|credence in|belief in|conviction in|credit


word: RELICT
russian_word: реликтовый
definition: a thing which has survived from an earlier period or in a primitive form.|a widow.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛlɪkt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛlɪkt
origin:
late Middle English (in relict (sense 2)): from Old French relicte ‘(woman) left behind’, from late Latin relicta, from the verb relinquere ‘leave behind’. relict (sense 1) arose in the early 20th century and is from Latin relictus, past participle of relinquere .


word: RELIEF
russian_word: рельеф
synonyms: reassurance|consolation|comfort|solace|calmness|relaxation|repose|ease
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈliːf
phonetics_text: rɪˈliːf
example:
much to her relief, she saw the door open|raising money for famine relief|the relief nurse was late|the setting sun threw the snow-covered peaks into relief

definition:
a feeling of reassurance and relaxation following release from anxiety or distress.|financial or practical assistance given to those in special need or difficulty.|a person or group of people replacing others who have been on duty.|the state of being clearly visible or obvious due to being accentuated.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from relever ‘raise up, relieve’, from Latin relevare ‘raise again, alleviate’.


word: RELIEVE
russian_word: освобождать
antonyms: aggravate
synonyms: alleviate|mitigate|assuage|allay|soothe|soften|palliate|appease|ease|dull|reduce|lessen|diminish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈliːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈliːv
example:
the drug was used to promote sleep and to relieve pain|another signalman relieved him at 5.30|he relieved her of her baggage|the bird's body is black, relieved only by white under the tail|train your dog to relieve itself where you want it to|the twilight relieving in purple masses the foliage of the island

definition:
cause (pain, distress, or difficulty) to become less severe or serious.|release (someone) from duty by taking their place.|take (a burden) from someone.|make less tedious or monotonous by the introduction of variety.|used as a formal or euphemistic expression for urination or defecation.|make (something) stand out.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French relever, from Latin relevare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + levare ‘raise’ (from levis ‘light’).


word: RELIEVED
russian_word: облегчение
example: relieved parents who had waited anxiously for news
definition: no longer feeling distressed or anxious; reassured.
antonyms: worried|anxious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈliːvd
phonetics_text: rɪˈliːvd
synonyms:
glad|thankful|grateful|pleased|happy|put at one's ease|easy/easier in one's mind|comforted|cheered|reassured


word: RELIEVER
russian_word: питчер
example: a great game to play as a stress reliever|the team needs a right-handed reliever
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈliːvə
phonetics_text: rɪˈliːvə
definition:
something or someone that relieves pain, distress, or difficulty.|a pitcher who enters the game in place of the previous pitcher.


word: RELIGION
russian_word: религия
example: ideas about the relationship between science and religion
definition: the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈlɪdʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈlɪdʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
faith|belief|divinity|worship|creed|teaching|doctrine|theology|sect|cult|religious group|faith community|church|denomination|body|following|persuasion|affiliation

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘life under monastic vows’): from Old French, or from Latin religio(n- ) ‘obligation, bond, reverence’, perhaps based on Latin religare ‘to bind’.


word: RELIGIOUS
russian_word: религиозный
example: both men were deeply religious and moralistic
definition: relating to or believing in a religion.
antonyms: atheistic|irreverent
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈlɪdʒəs
phonetics_text: rɪˈlɪdʒəs
synonyms:
devout|pious|reverent|believing|godly|God-fearing|dutiful|saintly|holy|prayerful|churchgoing|practising|faithful|devoted|committed

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin religiosus, from religio ‘reverence, obligation’ (see religion).


word: RELINQUISH
russian_word: отказываться
example: he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive
definition: voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.
antonyms: keep|retain|continue
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ
phonetics_text: rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ
synonyms:
renounce|give up|part with|give away|hand over|turn over|lay down|let go of|waive|resign|abdicate|yield|cede|surrender|sign away|leave|resign from|stand down from|bow out of|walk out of|retire from|depart from|vacate|pull out of|abandon|quit|chuck|jack in|forsake|discontinue|stop|cease|drop|desist from|avoid|steer clear of|give a wide berth to|reject|eschew|forswear|refrain from|abstain from|forbear from|forgo|leave off|kick

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French relinquiss-, lengthened stem of relinquir, from Latin relinquere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + linquere ‘to leave’.


word: RELIQUIAE
russian_word: реликвии
definition: remains.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈlɪkwɪiː
phonetics_text: rɪˈlɪkwɪiː
origin:
mid 17th century: Latin, feminine plural (used as a noun) of reliquus ‘remaining’, based on linquere ‘to leave’.


word: RELISH
russian_word: смаковать
synonyms: condiment|accompaniment|sauce|dressing|flavouring|seasoning|dip
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛlɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛlɪʃ
example:
she swigged a mouthful of wine with relish|use salsa as a relish with grilled meat or fish|the tired glutton finds no relish in the sweetest meat

definition:
great enjoyment.|a piquant sauce or pickle eaten with plain food to add flavour.|an appetizing flavour.

origin:
Middle English: alteration of obsolete reles, from Old French reles ‘remainder’, from relaisser ‘to release’. The early noun sense was ‘odour, taste’ giving rise to ‘appetizing flavour, piquant taste’ (mid 17th century), and hence relish (sense 2 of the noun) (late 18th century).


word: RELIVE
russian_word: возродиться
example: he broke down sobbing as he relived the attack
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈlɪv
phonetics_text: riːˈlɪv
definition:
live through (an experience or feeling, especially an unpleasant one) again in one's imagination or memory.


word: RELOOK
russian_word: пересмотреть положения
definition: a reconsideration or re-examination of something.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈriːlʊk
phonetics_text: ˈriːlʊk
origin:
late 18th century (as a verb): from re- + look; the term is now more frequently used in South and SE Asian English than in British or American English.


word: RELUCTANCE
russian_word: нежелание
example: she sensed his reluctance to continue
antonyms: willingness|eagerness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈlʌkt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈlʌkt(ə)ns
definition:
unwillingness or disinclination to do something.|the property of a magnetic circuit of opposing the passage of magnetic flux lines, equal to the ratio of the magnetomotive force to the magnetic flux.

synonyms:
unwillingness|disinclination|lack of enthusiasm|hesitation|hesitance|hesitancy|diffidence|timidity|timorousness|trepidation|demurral|wavering|vacillation|foot-dragging|resistance|doubts|second thoughts|scruples|qualms|pangs of conscience|misgivings|disrelish


word: RELUCTANT
russian_word: неохотный
definition: unwilling and hesitant; disinclined.
antonyms: willing|eager|ready
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈlʌkt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈlʌkt(ə)nt
synonyms:
unwilling|disinclined|unenthusiastic|grudging|resistant|resisting|opposed|antipathetic|hesitant|shy|bashful|coy|retiring|diffident|reserved|restrained|withdrawn|shrinking|timid|timorous|sheepish|unconfident|insecure|unsure|suspicious|unassertive|apprehensive|fearful|costive|loath|not in the mood|indisposed|sorry|averse|slow|chary of|not in favour of|against|opposed to|hesitant about|diffident about|bashful about|shy about|coy about|ashamed to|afraid to

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘writhing, offering opposition’): from Latin reluctant- ‘struggling against’, from the verb reluctari, from re- (expressing intensive force) + luctari ‘to struggle’.


word: RELY
russian_word: полагаться
example: I know I can rely on your discretion
definition: depend on with full trust or confidence.
antonyms: distrust
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈlʌɪ
phonetics_text: rɪˈlʌɪ
synonyms:
depend|count|bank|place reliance|bargain|plan|reckon|anticipate|expect|pin one's hopes on|hope for|take for granted|take on trust|trust|be confident of|have (every) confidence in|be sure of|believe in|have faith in|pin one's faith on|trust in|cling to|swear by|figure on

origin:
Middle English: from Old French relier ‘bind together’, from Latin religare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + ligare ‘bind’. The original sense was ‘gather together’, later ‘turn to, associate with’, whence ‘depend upon with confidence’.


word: REM
russian_word: рем
origin: 1940s: acronym from roentgen equivalent man .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛm
phonetics_text: rɛm
definition:
a unit of effective absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in human tissue, loosely equivalent to one roentgen of X-rays.


word: REMAIN
russian_word: оставаться
example: a cloister is all that remains of the monastery|a more intractable problem remains
antonyms: cease to exist|short-lived
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈmeɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈmeɪn
definition:
continue to exist, especially after other similar people or things have ceased to do so.|be left over or outstanding after others or other parts have been completed, used, or dealt with.

synonyms:
continue to exist|endure|last|abide|go on|carry on|persist|hang in the air|stay around/round|stand|be extant|hold out|prevail|survive|live on|residual|surviving|left|left over|unused|extra|surplus|spare|superfluous|excess|in excess|in addition|lasting|enduring|continuing|persisting|lingering|abiding|long-lived|(still) existing|extant|in existence|living|lifelong|long-term|perennial

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French remain-, stressed stem of remanoir, from Latin remanere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + manere ‘to stay’.


word: REMAINDER
russian_word: остаток
example: leave a few mushrooms for garnish and slice the remainder
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈmeɪndə
phonetics_text: rɪˈmeɪndə
definition:
a part of something that is left over when other parts have been completed, used, or dealt with.|a property interest that becomes effective in possession only when a prior interest (created at the same time) ends.

synonyms:
residue|balance|remaining part/number/quantity|rest|others|those left|remnant|remnants|rump|surplus|difference|extra|excess|superfluity|overflow|overspill|extra people/material/things|residuum

origin:
late Middle English (in remainder (sense 2 of the noun)): from Anglo-Norman French, from Latin remanere (see remain).


word: REMAINING
russian_word: остальной
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ
example:
Lilly was my last remaining close relative|they advertised for any remaining creditors to come forward|England have forbidden him to play in the remaining fixtures

definition:
still existing, present, or in use; surviving.|not yet used, dealt with, or resolved; outstanding.|still to happen; future.


word: REMAINS
russian_word: остатки
example: the remains of a sandwich lunch were on the table
definition: the parts left over after other parts have been removed, used, or destroyed.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmeɪnz
phonetics_text: rɪˈmeɪnz
synonyms:
remainder|residue|remaining part/number/quantity|rest|remnant|remnants|leftovers|leavings|scraps|debris|detritus|residuum

origin:
late Middle English (occasionally treated as singular): from Old French remain, from remaindre, from an informal form of Latin remanere (see remain).


word: REMAND
russian_word: арестованный
example: he was remanded in custody for a week
definition: place (a defendant) on bail or in custody, especially when a trial is adjourned.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɑːnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɑːnd
origin:
late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘send back again’): from late Latin remandare, from re- ‘back’ + mandare ‘commit’. The noun dates from the late 18th century.


word: REMARK
russian_word: замечание
example: ‘Tom's looking peaky,’ she remarked|he remarked the man's inflamed eyelids
definition: say something as a comment; mention.|regard with attention; notice.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɑːk
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɑːk
synonyms:
comment|say|observe|mention|reflect|state|declare|announce|pronounce|assert|interpose|interject|come out with|opine|comment on|refer to|speak of|pass comment on|say something about|touch on

origin:
late 16th century (in remark (sense 2 of the verb)): from French remarquer ‘note again’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + marquer ‘to mark, note’.


word: REMARKABLE
russian_word: замечательный
example: a remarkable coincidence
definition: worthy of attention; striking.
antonyms: ordinary|commonplace|run-of-the-mill
origin: early 17th century: from French remarquable, from remarquer ‘take note of’ (see remark).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmɑːkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɑːkəb(ə)l
synonyms:
extraordinary|exceptional|amazing|astonishing|astounding|marvellous|wonderful|sensational|stunning|incredible|unbelievable|miraculous|phenomenal|prodigious|striking|outstanding|momentous|impressive|singular|signal|pre-eminent|memorable|unforgettable|never to be forgotten|unique|arresting|eye-catching|conspicuous|noteworthy|notable|great|considerable|distinctive|important|distinguished|prominent|out of the ordinary|unusual|uncommon|rare|surprising|curious|strange|odd|peculiar|uncanny|unco|fantastic|terrific|tremendous|stupendous|awesome|amazeballs|out of this world|unreal|wondrous


word: REMEDIABLE
russian_word: поправимый
example: a remediable condition that may have serious consequences if not recognized
definition: capable of being cured; treatable.
antonyms: irremediable|incurable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmiːdɪəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈmiːdɪəb(ə)l
synonyms:
curable|treatable|medicable|operable|able to be put right|capable of solution|solvable|soluble|reparable|repairable|rectifiable|resolvable|retrievable|corrigible


word: REMEDY
russian_word: средство
example: herbal remedies for aches and pains
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛmɪdi
phonetics_text: ˈrɛmɪdi
definition:
a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury.|the margin within which coins as minted may differ from the standard fineness and weight.

synonyms:
treatment|cure|medicine|medication|medicament|drug|restorative|antidote|prophylactic|nostrum|panacea|cure-all|therapy|physic|specific

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French remedie, from Latin remedium, from re- ‘back’ (also expressing intensive force) + mederi ‘heal’.


word: REMEMBER
russian_word: запомнить
example: I remember the screech of the horn as the car came towards me|did you remember to post the letters?
antonyms: forget|overlook
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈmɛmbə
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɛmbə
definition:
have in or be able to bring to one's mind an awareness of (someone or something from the past).|do something that one has undertaken to do or that is necessary or advisable.

synonyms:
recall|call to mind|recollect|think of|put a name to|place|reminisce about|think back to|look back on|hark back to|cast one's mind back to|summon up|muse on|take a trip down memory lane|mind|bethink oneself of|bear in mind|keep in mind|not lose sight of the fact|not forget|be mindful of the fact|take into account|take into consideration

origin:
Middle English: from Old French remembrer, from late Latin rememorari ‘call to mind’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + Latin memor ‘mindful’.


word: REMIND
russian_word: напоминать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈmʌɪnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈmʌɪnd
example:
he would have forgotten my birthday if you hadn't reminded him|the barman reminded them that singing was not permitted

definition:
cause (someone) to remember someone or something.|cause (someone) to fulfil an obligation or to take note of something.

synonyms:
jog someone's memory|refresh someone's memory|help someone remember|cause someone to remember|prompt|nudge|give someone a cue

origin:
mid 17th century: from re- ‘again’ + the verb mind, probably suggested by obsolete rememorate, in the same sense.


word: REMINISCE
russian_word: вспоминать
example: they reminisced about their summers abroad
definition: indulge in enjoyable recollection of past events.
origin: early 19th century: back-formation from reminiscence.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌrɛmɪˈnɪs
phonetics_text: ˌrɛmɪˈnɪs
synonyms:
remember (with pleasure)|cast one's mind back to|think back to|look back on|be nostalgic about|hark back to|recall|recollect|reflect on|call to mind|review|exchange memories|take a trip down memory lane|indulge in reminiscence|dwell on the past


word: REMINISCENCE
russian_word: реминисценция
synonyms: memories|recollections|reflections|remembrances|anecdotes|memoirs
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛmɪˈnɪs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɛmɪˈnɪs(ə)ns
example:
his reminiscences of his early days in Parliament|his first works are too full of reminiscences of earlier poetry

definition:
a story told about a past event remembered by the narrator.|a characteristic of one thing that is suggestive of another.

origin:
late 16th century (denoting the action of remembering): from late Latin reminiscentia, from Latin reminisci ‘remember’.


word: REMINISCENT
russian_word: напоминающий
example: the sights were reminiscent of my childhood|her robes were vaguely reminiscent of military dress
definition: tending to remind one of something.|suggesting something by resemblance.
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin reminiscent- ‘remembering’, from the verb reminisci .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɛmɪˈnɪs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɛmɪˈnɪs(ə)nt
synonyms:
similar to|comparable with|tending to make one think of|evocative of|suggestive of|redolent of|remindful of


word: REMISS
russian_word: нерадивый
example: it would be very remiss of me not to pass on that information
definition: lacking care or attention to duty; negligent.
antonyms: careful|diligent|painstaking
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmɪs
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɪs
synonyms:
negligent|neglectful|irresponsible|careless|thoughtless|heedless|unthinking|unmindful|lax|slack|slipshod|lackadaisical|forgetful|inattentive|unheeding|lazy|dilatory|indolent|derelict|sloppy|delinquent|barratrous|disregardful|oscitant

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin remissus ‘slackened’, past participle of remittere . The early senses were ‘weakened in colour or consistency’ and (in describing sound) ‘faint, soft’.


word: REMISSIBLE
russian_word: позволительный
definition: (especially of sins) able to be pardoned.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɪsɪb(ə)l
origin:
late 16th century: from French rémissible or late Latin remissibilis, from remiss- ‘slackened’, from the verb remittere (see remiss).


word: REMISSION
russian_word: ремиссия
example: the scheme allows for the partial remission of tuition fees|ten patients remained in remission
synonyms: cancellation|setting aside|suspension|revocation|repeal|rescinding|abrogation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the cancellation of a debt, charge, or penalty.|a temporary diminution of the severity of disease or pain.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin remissio(n- ), from remittere ‘send back, restore’ (see remit).


word: REMIT
russian_word: переводить
synonyms: cancel|set aside|revoke|repeal|rescind|abrogate|suspend
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the excess of the sentence over 12 months was remitted|the income they remitted to their families|the request for an investigation was remitted to a special committee|phobias may remit spontaneously without any treatment

definition:
cancel or refrain from exacting or inflicting (a debt or punishment).|send (money) in payment or as a gift.|refer (a matter for decision) to an authority.|diminish.

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin remittere ‘send back, restore’, from re- ‘back’ + mittere ‘send’. The noun dates from the early 20th century.


word: REMITTAL
russian_word: отпущение грехов
example: remittal of fiscal obligations|the applicant consents to the remittal of the matter
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɪt(ə)l
definition:
cancellation of a debt or punishment.|the action of referring a matter for decision to an authority.


word: REMITTANCE
russian_word: перевод
example: complete your booking form and send it together with your remittance
definition: a sum of money sent in payment or as a gift.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɪt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɪt(ə)ns
synonyms:
payment|settlement|money|fee|cheque|money order|transfer of funds|negotiable instrument|monies|allowance|sum of money|consideration


word: REMNANT
russian_word: остаток
synonyms: remains|remainder|leftovers|leavings|residue|rest|stub|butt|end|tail end|dregs|lees|residuum
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛmnənt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛmnənt
example:
the bogs are an endangered remnant of a primeval landscape|if any one ceases to be a witness, he ceases to be one of the remnant

definition:
a part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or destroyed.|a small minority of people who will remain faithful to God and so be saved (in allusion to biblical prophecies concerning Israel).

origin:
Middle English: contraction of obsolete remenant from Old French remenant, from remenoir, remanoir ‘remain’.


word: REMODELER
russian_word: перемодельер
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a person who carries out structural alterations to an existing building, such as adding a new bathroom.


word: REMONSTRANCE
russian_word: протест
example: angry remonstrances in the Commons
definition: a forcefully reproachful protest.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɒnstr(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɒnstr(ə)ns
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘evidence’): from Old French, or from medieval Latin remonstrantia, from remonstrare ‘demonstrate, show’ (see remonstrate).


word: REMONSTRATE
russian_word: протестовать
example: he turned angrily to remonstrate with Tommy
definition: make a forcefully reproachful protest.
antonyms: accept
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛmənstreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛmənstreɪt
synonyms:
protest|complain|expostulate|argue with|take issue with|take to task|make a protest to|reprimand|reproach|reprove|upbraid|berate|scold|reprehend|objurgate|object strongly to|complain vociferously about|protest against|lodge a protest against|argue against|take a stand against|oppose strongly|take exception to|make a fuss about|challenge|raise objections to|express disapproval of|express disagreement with|speak out against|deplore|condemn|denounce|criticize|kick up a fuss/stink about

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘make plain’): from medieval Latin remonstrat- ‘demonstrated’, from the verb remonstrare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + monstrare ‘to show’.


word: REMORA
russian_word: помеха
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛmərə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛmərə
definition:
a slender marine fish which attaches itself to large fish by means of a sucker on top of the head. It generally feeds on the host's external parasites.

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin, literally ‘hindrance’, from re- ‘back’ + mora ‘delay’ (because of the former belief that the fish slowed down ships).


word: REMORSE
russian_word: раскаяние
example: they were filled with remorse and shame
definition: deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed.
antonyms: indifference
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmɔːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɔːs
synonyms:
contrition|deep regret|repentance|penitence|guilt|feelings of guilt|bad/guilty conscience|compunction|remorsefulness|ruefulness|contriteness|sorrow|shame|self-reproach|self-accusation|self-condemnation|pangs of conscience

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French remors, from medieval Latin remorsus, from Latin remordere ‘vex’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + mordere ‘to bite’.


word: REMORSEFUL
russian_word: полный раскаяния
example: the defendant was remorseful for what he had done
definition: filled with remorse; sorry.
antonyms: unrepentant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmɔːsf(ʊ)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɔːsf(ʊ)l
synonyms:
sorry|full of regret|regretful|sad|contrite|repentant|penitent|guilt-ridden|conscience-stricken|guilty|ashamed|chastened|shamefaced|self-reproachful|rueful|apologetic|compunctious


word: REMORSELESS
russian_word: безжалостный
example: a remorseless killer|remorseless poverty
definition: without regret or guilt.|(of something unpleasant) never ending or improving; relentless.
antonyms: merciful|compassionate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmɔːsləs
phonetics_text: rɪˈmɔːsləs
synonyms:
heartless|pitiless|merciless|ruthless|callous|cruel|hard-hearted|stony-hearted|with a heart of stone|cold-hearted|harsh|inhumane|unmerciful|unforgiving|unfeeling|unpitying|uncompromising|unkind|marble-hearted


word: REMOTE
russian_word: удаленный
antonyms: close|near|central
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈməʊt
phonetics_text: rɪˈməʊt
example:
the valley is remote from the usual tourist routes|the theory seems rather intellectual and remote from everyday experience|chances of a lasting peace became even more remote|she seemed remote and patronizing

definition:
(of a place) situated far from the main centres of population; distant.|having very little connection with or relationship to.|(of a chance or possibility) unlikely to occur.|aloof and unfriendly in manner.|denoting a device which can only be accessed by means of a network.

synonyms:
faraway|distant|far|far off|far removed|dim and distant|isolated|out of the way|outlying|off the beaten track|secluded|in the depths of …|hard to find|lonely|in the back of beyond|in the hinterlands|off the map|in the middle of nowhere|godforsaken|obscure|inaccessible|cut-off|unreachable|far-flung|in the backwoods|lonesome|in the backveld|in the platteland|in the backblocks|in the booay|unget-at-able|in the sticks|jerkwater|in the tall timbers|Barcoo|beyond the black stump|lone|unapproachable

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘far apart’): from Latin remotus ‘removed’, past participle of removere (see remove).


word: REMOTE CONTROL
russian_word: дистанционное управление
example: the bomb was detonated by remote control
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
control of a machine or apparatus from a distance by means of radio or infrared signals transmitted from a device.


word: REMOTENESS
russian_word: удаленность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈməʊtnəs
phonetics_text: rɪˈməʊtnəs
example:
the remoteness of the location hindered development|the remoteness of a solution|his diffidence could sometimes be misread as remoteness

definition:
the state of being distant from something else, in particular from the main centres of population.|lack of connection with or relationship to something.|the state of being unlikely to occur.|the quality of being aloof and unfriendly.


word: REMOULADE
russian_word: ремулад
example: spicy shrimp tempura with a remoulade sauce
origin: French rémoulade, from Italian remolata .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛmʊlɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛmʊlɑːd
definition:
salad or seafood dressing made with hard-boiled egg yolks, oil, and vinegar, and flavoured with mustard, capers, and herbs.


word: REMOUNT
russian_word: запасная лошадь
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
she went to remount her horse|remount the best photos in glass-fronted mounts|the raid was remounted in August

definition:
get on (a horse or vehicle) in order to ride it again.|attach to a new frame or setting.|organize and embark on (a course of action) again.


word: REMOVAL
russian_word: удаление
example: the removal of the brain tumour
definition: the action of taking away or abolishing something unwanted.
antonyms: installation|introduction|bringing in
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈmuːv(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈmuːv(ə)l
synonyms:
taking away|moving|carrying away|shifting|transfer|transporting|confiscation|withdrawal|abolition|elimination|doing away with|deletion|erasing|rubbing out|erasure|effacing|obliteration|uprooting|eradication|destruction|cutting off|chopping off|hacking off|amputation|excision


word: REMOVE
russian_word: удалять
definition: take (something) away or off from the position occupied.|abolish or get rid of.|be distant from.
antonyms: attach|put on|insert|replace|put back|add
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈmuːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈmuːv
example:
Customs officials removed documents from the premises|exchange controls have finally been removed|it is an isolated place, far removed from the London art world

synonyms:
detach|unfasten|separate|pull out|take out|disconnect|unclick|take off|undo|produce|bring out|get out|draw out|withdraw|extract|fish out|take away|carry away|move|shift|convey|transport|confiscate|take possession of|cart off|clean off|wash off|wipe off|rinse off|scrub off|sponge out|delete|erase|rub out|cross out|strike out|ink out|score out|block out|blue-pencil|cut out|eliminate|efface|obliterate|uproot|eradicate|destroy|cut off|chop off|lop off|hack off|amputate|excise

origin:
Middle English (as a verb): from the Old French stem remov-, from Latin removere, from re- ‘back’ + movere ‘to move’.


word: REMUAGE
russian_word: ремюаж
origin: French, literally ‘moving about’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛmjʊˈɑːʒ
phonetics_text: ˌrɛmjʊˈɑːʒ|French ʀəmɥaʒ
definition:
the periodic turning or shaking of bottled wine, especially champagne, to move sediment towards the cork.


word: REMUNERATE
russian_word: вознаграждать
example: they should be remunerated fairly for their work
definition: pay (someone) for services rendered or work done.
synonyms: pay|reward|reimburse|recompense|give payment to|fee
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt
origin:
early 16th century: from Latin remunerat- ‘rewarded, recompensed’, from the verb remunerari, from re- (expressing intensive force) + munus, muner- ‘gift’.


word: REMUNERATION
russian_word: вознаграждение
example: they work in excess of their contracted hours for no additional remuneration
definition: money paid for work or a service.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
payment|pay|salary|wages|earnings|fee(s)|stipend|emolument(s)|honorarium|remittance|consideration|reward|recompense|reimbursement|repayment


word: REMUNERATIVE
russian_word: хорошо оплачиваемый
example: highly remunerative activities
definition: financially rewarding; lucrative.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈmjuːn(ə)rətɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈmjuːn(ə)rətɪv
synonyms:
lucrative|well paid|financially rewarding|financially worthwhile|moneymaking|paying|gainful|profitable


word: REN
russian_word: детьми
part_of_speech: abbreviation
phonetic: ɑːriːˈɛn
phonetics_text: ɑːriːˈɛn
definition:
ringer equivalent number, a measure of the load a device will place on a telephone line. The maximum REN allowed on a single line is usually limited by telephone companies.


word: RENAISSANCE
russian_word: возрождение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈneɪs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈneɪs(ə)ns|rɪˈneɪsɒ̃s|rɪˈneɪsɑ:ns
definition:
the revival of European art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries.

origin:
from French renaissance, from re- ‘back, again’ + naissance ‘birth’ (from Latin nascentia, from nasci ‘be born’).


word: RENASCENT
russian_word: возрождающийся
example: a renascent belief in progress
definition: becoming active or popular again.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈnas(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈnas(ə)nt|ˈneɪnas(ə)nt
origin:
early 18th century: from Latin renascent- ‘being born again’, from the verb renasci, from re- ‘back, again’ + nasci ‘be born’.


word: REND
russian_word: раздирать
example: snapping teeth that would rend human flesh to shreds
definition: tear (something) into pieces.
origin: Old English rendan ; related to Middle Low German rende .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɛnd
phonetics_text: rɛnd
synonyms:
tear/rip apart|tear/rip in two|tear/rip to pieces|split|rupture|sever|separate|cleave|tear/rip asunder|sunder|rive|dissever


word: RENDER
russian_word: оказывать
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛndə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛndə
example:
money serves as a reward for services rendered|the rains rendered his escape impossible|the eyes and the cheeks are exceptionally well rendered|the fat was being cut up and rendered for lard|external walls will be rendered and tiled

definition:
provide or give (a service, help, etc.).|cause to be or become; make.|represent or depict artistically.|covertly send (a foreign criminal or terrorist suspect) for interrogation abroad; subject to extraordinary rendition.|melt down (fat) in order to clarify it.|cover (stone or brick) with a coat of plaster.

synonyms:
give|provide|supply|furnish|make available|contribute|offer|extend|proffer|show|display|exhibit|evince|manifest

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French rendre, from an alteration of Latin reddere ‘give back’, from re- ‘back’ + dare ‘give’. The earliest senses were ‘recite’, ‘translate’, and ‘give back’ (hence ‘represent’ and ‘perform’); ‘hand over’ (hence ‘give help’ and ‘submit for consideration’); ‘cause to be’; and ‘melt down’.


word: RENDERED
russian_word: оказана
example: strain the rendered fat through a sieve|external rendered walls
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛndəd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛndəd
definition:
(of fat) melted in order to separate out the impurities.|(of stone or brick) covered with a coat of plaster.


word: RENDERING
russian_word: оказание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛnd(ə)rɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛnd(ə)rɪŋ
example:
a lively rendering of ‘Ilkley Moor’|the walls are capped and ready for rendering|the rendering of Church dues

definition:
a performance of a piece of music or drama.|the action of applying plaster to a wall.|the action of giving or surrendering something.


word: RENDITION
russian_word: исполнение
example: a wonderful rendition of ‘Nessun Dorma’
origin: early 17th century: from obsolete French, from rendre ‘give back, render’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛnˈdɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛnˈdɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a performance or interpretation, especially of a dramatic role or piece of music.|(especially in the US) the practice of sending a foreign criminal or terrorist suspect covertly to be interrogated in a country with less rigorous regulations for the humane treatment of prisoners.

synonyms:
performance|rendering|interpretation|presentation|execution|delivery|playing|singing|reading|recitation|recital|version|variation|take on


word: RENEGADE
russian_word: ренегат
example: an agent who later turns out to be a renegade
definition: a person who deserts and betrays an organization, country, or set of principles.
antonyms: follower
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛnɪɡeɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛnɪɡeɪd
synonyms:
traitor|defector|deserter|turncoat|betrayer|rebel|mutineer|quisling|fifth columnist|renegado|tergiversator

origin:
late 15th century: from Spanish renegado, from medieval Latin renegatus ‘renounced’, past participle (used as a noun) of renegare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + Latin negare ‘deny’.


word: RENEGE
russian_word: отрекаться
example: they have reneged on their promises to us
definition: go back on a promise, undertaking, or contract.
antonyms: keep|honour
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈneɪɡ
phonetics_text: rɪˈneɪɡ|rɪˈniːɡ
synonyms:
default on|fail to honour|go back on|break|back out of|pull out of|withdraw from|retreat from|welsh on|backtrack on|repudiate|retract|go back on one's word|break one's word|break one's promise|do an about-face|cop out of|rat on

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘desert’): from medieval Latin renegare, from Latin re- (expressing intensive force) + negare ‘deny’.


word: RENEW
russian_word: возобновить
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈnjuː
phonetics_text: rɪˈnjuː
example:
the parents renewed their campaign to save the school|her contract had not been renewed|a generator was replaced and filters were renewed

definition:
resume (an activity) after an interruption.|extend the period of validity of (a licence, subscription, contract, etc.).|replace (something that is broken or worn out).

synonyms:
resume|return to|pick up again|take up again|come back to|reopen|begin again|start again|restart|recommence|continue (with)|carry on (with)|proceed with|re-establish


word: RENEWABLE
russian_word: возобновляемый
example: we are on renewable annual contracts|a shift away from fossil fuels to renewable energy
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈnjuːəbəl
phonetics_text: rɪˈnjuːəbəl
definition:
(of a contract, agreement, etc.) capable of being renewed.|(of a natural resource or source of energy) not depleted when used.


word: RENEWAL
russian_word: обновление
example: a renewal of hostilities|the contracts came up for renewal|the need for urban renewal
synonyms: resumption|recommencement|continuation|re-establishment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈnjuːəl
phonetics_text: rɪˈnjuːəl
definition:
an instance of resuming something after an interruption.|the action of extending the period of validity of a licence, subscription, or contract.|the replacement or repair of something.


word: RENGA
russian_word: рэнга
origin: Japanese, from ren ‘linking’ + ga (from ka ‘poetry’).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛŋɡə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛŋɡə
definition:
a Japanese poem in the form of a tanka (or series of tanka), with the first three lines composed by one person and the second two by another.


word: RENIN
russian_word: ренин
origin: late 19th century: from Latin ren ‘kidney’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːnɪn
phonetics_text: ˈriːnɪn
definition:
an enzyme secreted by and stored in the kidneys which promotes the production of the protein angiotensin.


word: RENNET
russian_word: сычужный фермент
origin: late 15th century: probably related to run.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛnɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛnɪt
definition:
curdled milk from the stomach of an unweaned calf, containing rennin and used in curdling milk for cheese.


word: RENORMALIZATION
russian_word: ренормализационная
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːˌnɔːm(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːˌnɔːm(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a method used in quantum mechanics in which unwanted infinities are removed from the solutions of equations by redefining parameters such as the mass and charge of subatomic particles.


word: RENORMALIZE
russian_word: перенормируют
definition: bring back to a normal or standard condition or state.|apply renormalization to.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈnɔːməlʌɪz
phonetics_text: riːˈnɔːməlʌɪz
example:
many public health experts are concerned that e-cigarette use will renormalize smoking|physicists initially renormalized the mass to get rid of the infinity


word: RENOUNCE
russian_word: отказываться
example: Isabella offered to renounce her son's claim to the French Crown
definition: formally declare one's abandonment of (a claim, right, or possession).
antonyms: accept|abide by
synonyms: reject|refuse to abide by|refuse to recognize|repudiate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈnaʊns
phonetics_text: rɪˈnaʊns
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French renoncer, from Latin renuntiare ‘protest against’, from re- (expressing reversal) + nuntiare ‘announce’.


word: RENOVATE
russian_word: ремонтировать
example: the old school has been tastefully renovated as a private house
definition: restore (something old, especially a building) to a good state of repair.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛnəveɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛnəveɪt
synonyms:
modernize|restore|redecorate|refurbish|revamp|make over|recondition|rehabilitate|overhaul|repair|redevelop|rebuild|reconstruct|remodel|update|bring up to date|improve|upgrade|gentrify|refit|re-equip|refurnish|bring something up to code|do up|fix up|give something a facelift|vamp up|tart up|rehab

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin renovat- ‘made new again’, from the verb renovare, from re- ‘back, again’ + novus ‘new’.


word: RENOVATION
russian_word: ремонт
example: this property is in need of complete renovation
definition: the action of renovating a building.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
modernization|restoration|redecoration|refurbishment|revamping|makeover|reconditioning|rehabilitation|overhauling|repair|redevelopment|rebuilding|reconstruction|remodelling|updating|improvement|gentrification|upgrading|refitting|updation|facelift|refurb


word: RENOWN
russian_word: слава
example: authors of great renown
definition: the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame.
antonyms: obscurity|anonymity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈnaʊn
phonetics_text: rɪˈnaʊn
synonyms:
fame|distinction|eminence|pre-eminence|prominence|repute|reputation|prestige|acclaim|celebrity|note|notability|mark|consequence|standing|stature|account|glory|illustriousness

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French renoun, from Old French renomer ‘make famous’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + nomer ‘to name’, from Latin nominare .


word: RENOWNED
russian_word: знаменитый
example: Britain is renowned for its love of animals
definition: known or talked about by many people; famous.
antonyms: unknown|obscure|unsung
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈnaʊnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈnaʊnd
synonyms:
famous|celebrated|famed|eminent|distinguished|acclaimed|illustrious|pre-eminent|prominent|great|esteemed|well thought of|of note|of consequence|of repute|of high standing|well known|much publicized|noted|notable|prestigious|fabled|legendary|proverbial|on the map


word: RENTAL
russian_word: аренда
example: a nominal rental
definition: an amount paid or received as rent.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛnt(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, or from Anglo-Latin rentale, from Old French rente (see rent1).


word: RENUNCIATE
russian_word: отрекаться
example: they are renunciates who take vows of abstinence that include giving up sex, wine, and red meat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: mid 17th century: from Latin renuntiat-, from renuntiare ‘protest against’ (see renounce).
definition:
a person who formally rejects or gives up something, especially a religious person who has renounced a secular way of life.


word: RENUNCIATION
russian_word: отказ
example: the life of the Spirit required renunciation of marriage
definition: the formal rejection of something, typically a belief, claim, or course of action.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪnʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪnʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
abstention from|refraining from|going without|doing without|giving up of|eschewal of|rejection of|repudiation|rejection|abandonment|forsaking|forswearing|disavowal|denial|abjuration

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin renuntiatio(n- ), from Latin renuntiare ‘protest against’ (see renounce).


word: REORDER
russian_word: порядок
example: reps reorder any titles which fall below the agreed number|he fixed his bed and reordered his books
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːˈɔːdə
phonetics_text: riːˈɔːdə
definition:
request (something) to be made, supplied, or served again.|arrange (something) again or differently.


word: REORGANIZATION
russian_word: реорганизация
definition: the action or process of changing the way in which something is organized.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːɔːɡ(ə)nʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːɔːɡ(ə)nʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
in light of the current reorganization of the school system, no one is sure whether the programme will  continue


word: REORGANIZE
russian_word: реорганизовывать
example: we have to reorganize the entire workload
definition: change the way in which (something) is organized.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈɔːɡ(ə)nʌɪz
phonetics_text: riːˈɔːɡ(ə)nʌɪz
synonyms:
restructure|change|make alterations to|make adjustments to|alter|adjust|transform|shake up|rationalize|reshuffle|redeploy|rearrange|reshape|refashion|recast|overhaul|rebuild|reconstruct|reschedule|rejig|reorder


word: REOVIRUS
russian_word: реовирус
definition: any of a group of RNA viruses that are sometimes associated with respiratory and enteric infection.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˈriːə(ʊ)ˌvʌɪrəs
origin:
1950s: from the initial letters of respiratory, enteric, and orphan  (referring to a virus not identified with a particular disease) + virus.


word: REPAIR
russian_word: ремонт
example: faulty electrical appliances should be repaired by an electrician
definition: restore (something damaged, faulty, or worn) to a good condition.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɛː
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛː
synonyms:
mend|fix (up)|put right|set right|restore|restore to working order|make as good as new|patch up|put back together|overhaul|service|renovate|recondition|rehabilitate|rebuild|reconstruct|refit|adjust|regulate|fettle|see to|darn|sew up|stitch up|clout

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reparer, from Latin reparare, from re- ‘back’ + parare ‘make ready’.


word: REPARABLE
russian_word: поправимый
definition: (especially of an injury or loss) possible to rectify or repair.
antonyms: beyond repair
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
rectifiable|remediable|able to be put/set right|curable|restorable|recoverable|retrievable|salvageable|corrigible

origin:
late 16th century: from French réparable, from Latin reparabilis, from reparare ‘make ready again’ (see repair1).


word: REPARATION
russian_word: возмещение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the courts required a convicted offender to make financial reparation to his victim|the old hall was pulled down to avoid the cost of reparation

definition:
the action of making amends for a wrong one has done, by providing payment or other assistance to those who have been wronged.|the action of repairing something.

synonyms:
amends|restitution|redress|compensation|recompense|repayment|atonement|indemnification|indemnity|damages|solatium

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin reparatio(n- ), from reparare ‘make ready again’ (see repair1).


word: REPARTEE
russian_word: остроумный ответ
example: he had a quick mind and a splendid gift of repartee
definition: conversation or speech characterized by quick, witty comments or replies.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛpɑːˈtiː
phonetics_text: ˌrɛpɑːˈtiː
synonyms:
banter|badinage|witty conversation|bantering|raillery|witticism|crosstalk|wordplay|patter|witty remarks|witticisms|ripostes|sallies|quips|joking|jesting|teasing|chaff|chaffing|drollery|bons mots|persiflage

origin:
mid 17th century: from French repartie ‘replied promptly’, feminine past participle of repartir, from re- ‘again’ + partir ‘set off’.


word: REPASS
russian_word: снова проходить
origin: late Middle English: from Old French repasser .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈpɑːs
phonetics_text: riːˈpɑːs
example:
the courtyard where people pass and repass on errands of their own devising|as he repassed the gate a few seconds later, I called out to him|he repassed Vettel and romped home to his seventh victory of the season

definition:
pass again, especially on the way back.|go past (something) once again.|pass (a rival) for a second or further time in a race or other competition.|pass (legislation) in an amended form or under changed conditions.


word: REPAST
russian_word: трапеза
example: a sumptuous repast
definition: a meal.
synonyms: meal|feast|banquet|snack|spread|feed|bite|bite to eat|nosh|nosh-up|collation|refection
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɑːst
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɑːst
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, based on late Latin repascere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + pascere ‘to feed’.


word: REPATRIATE
russian_word: репатриировать
example: the last German POWs were repatriated in November 1948
definition: send (someone) back to their own country.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːˈpatrɪeɪt
phonetics_text: riːˈpatrɪeɪt|riːˈpeɪeɪt
origin:
early 17th century (earlier (late 16th century) as repatriation ): from late Latin repatriat- ‘returned to one's country’, from the verb repatriare, from re- ‘back’ + Latin patria ‘native land’.


word: REPAY
russian_word: погашать
example: the loans were to be repaid over a 20-year period
definition: pay back (a loan).
origin: late Middle English: from Old French repaier .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈpeɪ
phonetics_text: riːˈpeɪ|rɪˈpeɪ
synonyms:
reimburse|refund|pay back|recompense|compensate|remunerate|square accounts with|settle up with|indemnify|pay off|recoup|return|give back


word: REPEAL
russian_word: отмена
example: the legislation was repealed five months later
definition: revoke or annul (a law or act of parliament).
antonyms: introduce|enact|ratify
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpiːl
phonetics_text: rɪˈpiːl
synonyms:
revoke|rescind|cancel|reverse|abrogate|annul|nullify|declare null and void|make void|void|invalidate|render invalid|quash|abolish|set aside|countermand|retract|withdraw|overrule|override|vacate|avoid|recall|disannul

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French repeler, from Old French re- (expressing reversal) + apeler ‘to call, appeal’.


word: REPEAT
russian_word: повторение
antonyms: occasional|sporadic
origin: late Middle English: from Old French repeter, from Latin repetere, from re- ‘back’ + petere ‘seek’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpiːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpiːt
example:
‘Are you hurt?’ he repeated|earlier experiments were repeated on a larger scale|that cucumber repeated on me for hours

definition:
say again something one has already said.|do (something) again or more than once.|(of food) be tasted intermittently for some time after being swallowed as a result of belching or indigestion.

synonyms:
do again|redo|replicate|duplicate|perform again|recurrent|frequent|persistent|unremitting|sustained|continual|incessant|constant|ceaseless|regular|periodic|many|numerous|a great many|very many|countless


word: REPEATEDLY
russian_word: неоднократно
example: they have been warned repeatedly with no effect
definition: over and over again; constantly.
antonyms: never|seldom
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈpiːtɪdli
phonetics_text: rɪˈpiːtɪdli
synonyms:
frequently|often|again and again|over and over (again)|time and (time) again|time after time|many times|on many occasions|many a time|many times over|day in|day out|day after day|week in|week out|night and day|all the time|persistently|recurrently|constantly|continually|regularly|oftentimes|ad nauseam|24/7|many a time and oft|oft|oft-times


word: REPEATING
russian_word: повторяющийся
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpiːtɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈpiːtɪŋ
definition:
(of a firearm) capable of firing several shots in succession without reloading.|(of a pattern) recurring uniformly over a surface.


word: REPEL
russian_word: отталкивать
antonyms: delight
origin: late Middle English: from Latin repellere, from re- ‘back’ + pellere ‘to drive’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈpɛl
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛl
example:
she was repelled by the permanent smell of drink on his breath|the alleged right of lien led by the bankrupt's solicitor was repelled

definition:
drive or force (an attack or attacker) back or away.|be repulsive or distasteful to.|refuse to accept (something, especially an argument or theory).

synonyms:
fight off|repulse|drive back/away|put to flight|force back|beat back|push back|thrust back|hold off|ward off|fend off|stand off|stave off|parry|keep at bay|keep at arm's length|foil|check|frustrate|see off|send packing|rebut


word: REPELLENT
russian_word: репеллент
example: water-repellent nylon|the idea was slightly repellent to her
antonyms: delightful|lovely
synonyms: impermeable|impervious|resistant|-proof|imperviable
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin repellent- ‘driving back’, from the verb repellere (see repel).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɛl(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛl(ə)nt
definition:
able to repel a particular thing; impervious to a particular substance.|causing disgust or distaste.


word: REPENT
russian_word: каяться
example: the Padre urged his listeners to repent
definition: feel or express sincere regret or remorse about one's wrongdoing or sin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈpɛnt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛnt
synonyms:
feel remorse for|regret|be sorry for|rue|reproach oneself for|be ashamed of|feel contrite about|be penitent|see the error of one's ways|be regretful|be remorseful|be repentant|be conscience-stricken|be guilt-ridden|wear sackcloth and ashes

origin:
Middle English: from Old French repentir, from re- (expressing intensive force) + pentir (based on Latin paenitere ‘cause to repent’).


word: REPENTANCE
russian_word: покаяние
example: each person who turns to God in genuine repentance and faith will be saved
definition: the action of repenting; sincere regret or remorse.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɛnt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛnt(ə)ns
synonyms:
remorse|contrition|contriteness|penitence|sorrow|sorrowfulness|regret|ruefulness|remorsefulness|pangs of conscience|prickings of conscience|shame|guilt|self-reproach|self-condemnation|compunction|conversion|rue|sorriness


word: REPENTANT
russian_word: кающийся
example: he is truly repentant for his incredible naivety and stupidity
definition: expressing or feeling sincere regret and remorse; remorseful.
antonyms: unrepentant|impenitent
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpɛntənt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛntənt
synonyms:
penitent|contrite|regretful|full of regret|sorrowful|rueful|remorseful|apologetic|conscience-stricken|ashamed|guilt-ridden|chastened|self-reproachful|shamefaced|guilty|compunctious


word: REPERCUSSION
russian_word: последствия
example: the move would have grave repercussions for the entire region
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːpəˈkʌʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːpəˈkʌʃ(ə)n
definition:
an unintended consequence of an event or action, especially an unwelcome one.|the recoil of something after impact.|an echo or reverberation.

synonyms:
consequence|result|effect|outcome|by-product|reverberation|backlash|ripple|shock wave|aftermath|footprint|fallout

origin:
late Middle English (as a medical term meaning ‘repressing of infection’): from Old French, or from Latin repercussio(n- ), from repercutere ‘cause to rebound, push back’, from re- ‘back, again’ + percutere ‘to strike’. The early sense ‘driving back, rebounding’ (mid 16th century) gave rise later to ‘blow given in return’, hence repercussion (sense 1) (early 20th century).


word: REPERTORY
russian_word: репертуар
example: a repertory actor|a fair conspectus of Ferrier's repertory has been preserved for posterity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛpət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrɛpət(ə)ri
definition:
the performance of various plays, operas, or ballets by a company at regular short intervals.|another term for repertoire.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting an index or catalogue): from late Latin repertorium, from Latin repert- ‘found, discovered’, from the verb reperire . Sense 1 (arising from the fact that a company has a ‘repertory’ of pieces for performance) dates from the late 19th century.


word: REPETEND
russian_word: рефрен
definition: the repeating figure or figures of a recurring decimal fraction.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛpɪtɛnd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛpɪtɛnd|ˌrɛpɪˈtɛnd
origin:
early 18th century: from Latin repetendum ‘something to be repeated’, neuter gerundive of repetere (see repeat).


word: REPETITION
russian_word: повторение
example: her comments are worthy of repetition|there was to be no repetition of the interwar years
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛpɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛpɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of repeating something that has already been said or written.|the recurrence of an action or event.

synonyms:
reiteration|repeating|restatement|retelling|iteration|recapitulation|recital|rehearsal|recap|reprise|iterance|echoing|parroting|quoting|copying|echolalia

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French repeticion or Latin repetitio(n- ), from repetere (see repeat).


word: REPETITIOUS
russian_word: скучный
example: many hours of repetitious labour
definition: another term for repetitive.
antonyms: varied|interesting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɛpɪˈtɪʃəs
phonetics_text: rɛpɪˈtɪʃəs
synonyms:
repetitive|monotonous|tedious|boring|uninteresting|humdrum|mundane|tiresome|wearisome|dreary|soul-destroying|mind-numbing|unvaried|unchanging|unvarying|undiversified|lacking variety|recurrent|recurring|repeated|routine|mechanical|automatic|clockwork|samey


word: REPETITIVE
russian_word: повторяющиеся
example: a repetitive task
definition: containing or characterized by repetition, especially when unnecessary or tiresome.
antonyms: varied|interesting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv
synonyms:
monotonous|tedious|boring|uninteresting|humdrum|mundane|tiresome|wearisome|dreary|soul-destroying|mind-numbing|unvaried|unchanging|unvarying|undiversified|lacking variety|recurrent|recurring|repeated|repetitious|routine|mechanical|automatic|clockwork|samey


word: REPINE
russian_word: роптать
example: you mustn't let yourself repine
definition: feel or express discontent; fret.
origin: early 16th century: from re- ‘again’ + the verb pine2, on the pattern of repent .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈpʌɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌɪn
synonyms:
fret|be/feel unhappy|mope|languish|eat one's heart out|be/feel miserable|be/feel upset|be/feel despondent|brood|lament|grieve|mourn|sorrow|pine|agonize


word: REPLAY
russian_word: переигровка
definition: play back (a recording on tape, video, or film).|repeat (something, especially an event).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
he could stop the tape and replay it whenever he wished|she replayed in her mind every detail of the night before


word: REPLENISH
russian_word: пополнять
example: he replenished Justin's glass with mineral water
definition: fill (something) up again.
antonyms: empty
synonyms: refill|fill up|recharge|reload|top up|freshen|plenish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈplɛnɪʃ
phonetics_text: rɪˈplɛnɪʃ
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘supply abundantly’): from Old French repleniss-, lengthened stem of replenir, from re- ‘again’ (also expressing intensive force) + plenir ‘fill’ (from Latin plenus ‘full’).


word: REPLETE
russian_word: переполненный
example: sensational popular fiction, replete with adultery and sudden death
definition: filled or well-supplied with something.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpliːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpliːt
synonyms:
filled|full|well stocked|well supplied|well provided|crammed|crowded|packed|jammed|stuffed|teeming|overflowing|bursting|brimful|brimming|loaded|overloaded|thick|solid|charged|abounding|jam-packed|chock-a-block|chock-full|chocker

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French replet(e ) or Latin repletus ‘filled up’, past participle of replere, from re- ‘back, again’ + plere ‘fill’.


word: REPLEVIN
russian_word: виндикационный иск
origin: late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from Old French replevir ‘recover’ (see replevy).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈplɛvɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈplɛvɪn
definition:
a procedure whereby seized goods may be provisionally restored to their owner pending the outcome of an action to determine the rights of the parties concerned.


word: REPLICA
russian_word: реплика
example: a replica of the Empire State Building
definition: an exact copy or model of something, especially one on a smaller scale.
antonyms: original|genuine article
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛplɪkə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛplɪkə
synonyms:
copy|model|duplicate|reproduction|replication|dummy|imitation|carbon copy|facsimile|knock-off|dupe|perfect likeness|exact likeness|double|lookalike|living image|mirror image|image|picture|twin|clone|Doppelgänger|spitting image|dead ringer|ringer|dead spit|spit and image

origin:
mid 18th century (as a musical term in the sense ‘a repeat’): from Italian, from replicare ‘to reply’.


word: REPLICATE
russian_word: копировать
example: it might be impractical to replicate Eastern culture in the west
definition: make an exact copy of; reproduce.
synonyms: copy|reproduce|duplicate|make a copy of|make a replica of|recreate|repeat|perform again|clone
part_of_speech: verb|adjective|noun
phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘repeat’): from Latin replicat-, from the verb replicare, from re- ‘back, again’ + plicare ‘to fold’. The current senses date from the late 19th century.


word: REPLICATION
russian_word: копирование
definition: the action of copying or reproducing something.|a plaintiff's reply to the defendant's plea.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the extraordinary speed and replication of information created by computerization|in the replication the plaintiff went on to state many additional facts

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French replicacion, from Latin replicatio(n- ), from replicare ‘fold back, repeat’, later ‘make a reply’ (see replicate).


word: REPLICON
russian_word: репликон
origin: 1960s: from replication + -on.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛplɪkɒn
phonetics_text: ˈrɛplɪkɒn
definition:
a nucleic acid molecule, or part of one, which replicates as a unit, beginning at a specific site within it.


word: REPLY
russian_word: ответ
example: he was gone before we could reply to his last remark
definition: say something in response to something someone has said.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈplʌɪ
phonetics_text: rɪˈplʌɪ
synonyms:
respond|answer|say in response|rejoin|return|retort|counter|fling back|hurl back|retaliate|come back|riposte

origin:
late Middle English (as a verb): from Old French replier, from Latin replicare ‘repeat’, later ‘make a reply’ (see replicate).


word: REPORT
russian_word: отчет
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɔːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɔːt
example:
the minister reported a decline in milk production|Stewart is to report to a probation office on Monday|he reports to the chairman of the committee

definition:
give a spoken or written account of something that one has observed, heard, done, or investigated.|present oneself formally as having arrived at a particular place or as ready to do something.|be responsible to (a superior or supervisor).

synonyms:
announce|describe|give an account of|tell of|detail|delineate|outline|communicate|pass on|relay|divulge|disclose|reveal|make public|publish|circulate|set out|set forth|put out|post|broadcast|blazon|herald|proclaim|declare|publicize|promulgate|document|record|chronicle|adumbrate

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reporter (verb), report (noun), from Latin reportare ‘bring back’, from re- ‘back’ + portare ‘carry’. The sense ‘give an account’ gave rise to ‘submit a formal report’, hence ‘inform an authority of one's presence’ (report (sense 2 of the verb), mid 19th century) and ‘be accountable to a superior’ (report (sense 3 of the verb), late 19th century).


word: REPORT CARD
russian_word: табель успеваемости
example: he came home with a straight B report card
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a teacher's written assessment of a pupil's work, progress, and conduct, sent home to a parent or guardian.


word: REPORTEDLY
russian_word: по сообщениям
example: he was in El Salvador, reportedly on his way to Texas
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈpɔːtɪdli
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɔːtɪdli
definition:
according to what some say (used to express the speaker's belief that the information given is not necessarily true).


word: REPORTER
russian_word: репортер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɔːtə
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɔːtə
definition:
a person who reports, especially one employed to report news or conduct interviews for the press or broadcasting media.

synonyms:
journalist|correspondent|newspaperman|newspaperwoman|newsman|newswoman|columnist|writer|blogger|broadcaster|newscaster|news commentator|announcer|investigative journalist|photojournalist|war correspondent|lobby correspondent|pressman|presenter|legman|wireman|newsy|roundsman|newshound|hack|hackette|stringer|journo|talking head|newshawk|thumbsucker


word: REPOSE
russian_word: отдыхать
example: in repose her face looked relaxed
definition: a state of rest, sleep, or tranquillity.
antonyms: work|activity|stress|strain
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈpəʊz
phonetics_text: rɪˈpəʊz
synonyms:
rest|relaxation|inactivity|restfulness|stillness|idleness|sleep|slumber|peace|peace and quiet|peacefulness|quiet|quietness|quietude|calm|calmness|tranquillity|leisure|ease|respite|time off|breathing space

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French repos (noun), reposer (verb), from late Latin repausare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + pausare ‘to pause’.


word: REPOSITORY
russian_word: хранилище
example: a deep repository for nuclear waste
definition: a place where or receptacle in which things are or may be stored.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpɒzɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɒzɪt(ə)ri
origin:
late 15th century: from Old French repositoire or Latin repositorium, from reposit- ‘placed back’, from the verb reponere (see repose2).


word: REPOST
russian_word: репост
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
the letter had been sent to California and then reposted from there|he left a comment on the thread which I think deserves more attention so I'm reposting it this morning

definition:
post (a letter or parcel) for a second or further time.|post (a piece of writing, image, or other item of content) online for a second or further time.


word: REPREHEND
russian_word: делать выговор
example: a recklessness which cannot be too severely reprehended
definition: reprimand.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnd
phonetics_text: ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnd
origin:
Middle English: from Latin reprehendere ‘seize, check, rebuke’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + prehendere ‘seize’.


word: REPREHENSIBLE
russian_word: достойный порицания
example: his complacency and reprehensible laxity
definition: deserving censure or condemnation.
antonyms: creditable|praiseworthy|good
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
deplorable|disgraceful|discreditable|disreputable|despicable|blameworthy|culpable|wrong|bad|shameful|dishonourable|ignoble|erring|errant|objectionable|odious|opprobrious|repugnant|inexcusable|unpardonable|unforgivable|insufferable|indefensible|unjustifiable|regrettable|unacceptable|unworthy|remiss|criminal|sinful|scandalous|iniquitous|condemnable|reprovable|blameable|reproachable|censurable|exceptionable

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin reprehensibilis, from reprehens- ‘rebuked’, from the verb reprehendere (see reprehend).


word: REPRESENT
russian_word: представлять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɛprɪˈzɛnt
phonetics_text: rɛprɪˈzɛnt
example:
for purposes of litigation, an infant can and must be represented by an adult|this figure represents eleven per cent of the company's total sales|santos are small wooden figures representing saints|it was represented to him that she would be an unsuitable wife

definition:
be entitled or appointed to act or speak for (someone), especially in an official capacity.|constitute; amount to.|depict (a particular subject) in a work of art.|state or point out clearly.

synonyms:
be elected by|be the councillor/MP for|have the vote of|appear for|act for|speak for|act/speak on behalf of|be spokesperson for|be the representative of

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French representer or Latin repraesentare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + praesentare ‘to present’.


word: REPRESENTATION
russian_word: представление
synonyms: portrayal|depiction|delineation|presentation|rendition|rendering|characterization|description
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
you may qualify for free legal representation|the representation of women in newspapers|the Law Society will make representations to the Lord Chancellor

definition:
the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so represented.|the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way.|formal statements made to an authority, especially so as to communicate an opinion or register a protest.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘image, likeness’): from Old French representation or Latin repraesentatio(n- ), from repraesentare ‘bring before, exhibit’ (see represent).


word: REPRESENTATIVE
russian_word: представитель
antonyms: atypical|unrepresentative
synonyms: typical|prototypical|characteristic|illustrative|indicative|archetypal|paradigmatic|exemplary
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv
phonetics_text: rɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv
example:
Churchill was not properly representative of influential opinion in Britain|there was no representative body to fight for cricketers until 1968|the show would be more representative of how women really are

definition:
typical of a class, group, or body of opinion.|(of a legislative assembly or deliberative body) consisting of people chosen to act and speak on behalf of a wider group.|serving as a portrayal or symbol of something.|relating to mental representation.


word: REPRESS
russian_word: подавлять
example: the uprisings were repressed
definition: subdue (someone or something) by force.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈprɛs
phonetics_text: rɪˈprɛs
synonyms:
suppress|quell|quash|subdue|put down|put an end to|crush|squash|extinguish|stamp out|put a stop to|stop|end|nip in the bud|defeat|conquer|rout|overpower|overwhelm|triumph over|trounce|vanquish|get the better of|contain|gain control over|gain mastery over|squelch|oppress|subjugate|hold down|keep down|rule with a rod of iron|rule with an iron hand|dominate|intimidate|master|domineer over|tyrannize|subject|overcome

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘keep back something objectionable’): from Latin repress- ‘pressed back, checked’, from the verb reprimere, from re- ‘back’ + premere ‘to press’.


word: REPRESSION
russian_word: репрессия
example: students sparked off events that ended in brutal repression
definition: the action of subduing someone or something by force.
antonyms: freedom|liberty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈprɛʃən
phonetics_text: rɪˈprɛʃən
synonyms:
suppression|quelling|quashing|subduing|crushing|squashing|stamping out|squelching|oppression|subjugation|domination|tyranny|subjection|despotism|dictatorship|authoritarianism|censorship


word: REPRESSIVE
russian_word: репрессивный
example: a repressive regime
definition: (especially of a social or political system) inhibiting or restraining personal freedom.
antonyms: democratic|liberal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈprɛsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈprɛsɪv
synonyms:
oppressive|authoritarian|despotic|tyrannical|tyrannous|dictatorial|fascist|autocratic|undemocratic|anti-democratic|totalitarian|dominating|coercive|draconian|iron-fisted|harsh|severe|strict|tough|cruel|brutal|illiberal|suppressive


word: REPRIEVE
russian_word: отсрочка
example: under the new regime, prisoners under sentence of death were reprieved
definition: cancel or postpone the punishment of (someone, especially someone condemned to death).
antonyms: charge|punish
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpriːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈpriːv
synonyms:
grant a stay of execution to|pardon|spare|acquit|grant an amnesty to|amnesty|let off|let off the hook|respite

origin:
late 15th century (as the past participle repryed ): from Anglo-Norman French repris, past participle of reprendre, from Latin re- ‘back’ + prehendere ‘seize’. The insertion of -v- (16th century) remains unexplained. Sense development has undergone a reversal, from the early meaning ‘send back to prison’, via ‘postpone a legal process’, to the current sense ‘rescue from impending punishment’.


word: REPRIMAND
russian_word: выговор
example: the golfer received a reprimand for a breach of rules
definition: a formal expression of disapproval.
antonyms: praise|commendation
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛprɪmɑːnd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛprɪmɑːnd
synonyms:
rebuke|reproof|admonishment|admonition|reproach|reproval|scolding|remonstration|upbraiding|castigation|lambasting|lecture|criticism|censure|telling-off|rap|rap over the knuckles|slap on the wrist|flea in one's ear|dressing-down|earful|roasting|tongue-lashing|bawling-out|caning|blast|ticking off|carpeting|wigging|rollicking|rocket|row|serve|rating|bollocking

origin:
mid 17th century: from French réprimande, via Spanish from Latin reprimenda, ‘things to be held in check’, neuter plural gerundive of reprimere (see repress).


word: REPRISAL
russian_word: расправа
example: three youths died in the reprisals which followed
definition: an act of retaliation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈprʌɪz(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈprʌɪz(ə)l
synonyms:
retaliation|counterattack|counterstroke|comeback|revenge|vengeance|retribution|requital|recrimination|an eye for an eye|a tooth for a tooth|tit for tat|getting even|redress|repayment|payback|lex talionis|a taste of one's own medicine|ultion|a Roland for an Oliver

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French reprisaille, from medieval Latin reprisalia (neuter plural), based on Latin repraehens- ‘seized’, from the verb repraehendere (see reprehend). The current sense dates from the early 18th century.


word: REPRISE
russian_word: реприз
definition: a repeated passage in music.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈpriːz
phonetics_text: rɪˈpriːz
origin:
early 18th century: French, literally ‘taken up again’, feminine past participle of reprendre (see reprieve).


word: REPRO
russian_word: репродукция
example: a Georgian repro cabinet|in-house repro and some finishing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːprəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈriːprəʊ
definition:
a reproduction or copy, particularly of a piece of furniture.|the reproduction of a document or image.


word: REPROACH
russian_word: упрек
example: her friends reproached her for not thinking enough about her family
definition: express to (someone) one's disapproval of or disappointment in their actions.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈprəʊtʃ
phonetics_text: rɪˈprəʊtʃ
origin:
Middle English: from Old French reprochier (verb), from a base meaning ‘bring back close’, based on Latin prope ‘near’.


word: REPROACHFUL
russian_word: укоризненный
example: she gave him a reproachful look
definition: expressing disapproval or disappointment.
antonyms: approving
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈprəʊtʃfʊl
phonetics_text: rɪˈprəʊtʃfʊl|rɪˈprəʊtʃf(ə)l
synonyms:
disapproving|reproving|full of reproof|critical|censorious|disparaging|disappointed|withering|accusatory|admonitory|condemnatory|castigatory|fault-finding


word: REPROBATE
russian_word: негодяй
example: he had to present himself as more of a lovable reprobate than a spirit of corruption
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛprəbeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛprəbeɪt
definition:
an unprincipled person.|(in Calvinism) a sinner who is not of the elect and is predestined to damnation.

synonyms:
rogue|rascal|scoundrel|good-for-nothing|villain|wretch|unprincipled person|rake|profligate|degenerate|debauchee|libertine|troublemaker|mischief-maker|wrongdoer|evil-doer|transgressor|sinner|roué|vaurien|scallywag|bad egg|scofflaw|hellion|rotter|bounder|cad|ne'er-do-well|miscreant|blackguard|knave|rapscallion|varlet|wastrel|rakehell|scapegrace

origin:
late Middle English (as a verb): from Latin reprobat- ‘disapproved’, from the verb reprobare, from re- (expressing reversal) + probare ‘approve’.


word: REPROCESS
russian_word: перерабатывать
example: the costs of reprocessing radioactive waste
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈprəʊsɛs
phonetics_text: riːˈprəʊsɛs
definition:
process (something, especially spent nuclear fuel) again or differently, typically in order to reuse it.


word: REPRODUCE
russian_word: воспроизводить
definition: produce a copy of.|(of an organism) produce offspring by a sexual or asexual process.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːprəˈdjuːs
phonetics_text: riːprəˈdjuːs
example:
his works are reproduced on postcards and posters|bacteria normally divide and reproduce themselves every twenty minutes

synonyms:
copy|produce a copy of|make a facsimile of|duplicate|replicate|photocopy|xerox|photostat|mimeograph|mimeo|print|transcribe|clone|forge|counterfeit|make a Xerox of


word: REPRODUCTION
russian_word: воспроизведение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːprəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: riːprəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
the cost of colour reproduction in publication is high|toads converge upon lakes and ponds intent on reproduction

definition:
the action or process of copying something.|the production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process.

synonyms:
copying|duplication|duplicating|replication|replicating|photocopying|xeroxing|photostatting|printing|transcription|cloning|forging|counterfeiting


word: REPROOF
russian_word: выговор
example: she welcomed him with a mild reproof for leaving her alone
definition: an expression of blame or disapproval.
antonyms: approval|praise
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpruːf
phonetics_text: rɪˈpruːf
synonyms:
rebuke|reprimand|reproach|admonishment|admonition|reproval|remonstration|disapproval|disapprobation|criticism|censure|blame|condemnation|fault-finding|telling-off|rap over the knuckles|slap on the wrist|dressing down|blast|ticking off|wigging|serve|rating|reprehension|bollocking

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reprove, from reprover ‘reprove’. Early senses included ‘ignominy, personal shame’ and ‘scorn’.


word: REPROVE
russian_word: порицать
example: he was reproved for obscenity
definition: reprimand (someone).
antonyms: praise|compliment
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈpruːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈpruːv
synonyms:
reprimand|rebuke|reproach|scold|admonish|remonstrate with|chastise|chide|upbraid|berate|take to task|pull up|castigate|lambast|read someone the Riot Act|haul over the coals|criticize|censure|tell off|give someone a talking-to|give someone a telling-off|dress down|give someone a dressing-down|give someone an earful|give someone a roasting|give someone a rocket|give someone a rollicking|rap|rap over the knuckles|slap someone's wrist|let someone have it|bawl out|give someone hell|come down on|pitch into|lay into|lace into|give someone a caning|put on the mat|slap down|blast|rag|keelhaul|tick off|have a go at|carpet|give someone a mouthful|tear someone off a strip|give someone what for|give someone some stick|wig|give someone a wigging|give someone a row|row|call down|rate|give someone a rating|trim|reprehend|objurgate

origin:
Middle English (also in the senses ‘reject’ and ‘censure’): from Old French reprover, from late Latin reprobare ‘disapprove’ (see reprobate).


word: REPTILE
russian_word: рептилия
example: are you contradicting me, you ignorant little reptile?
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛptʌɪl
phonetics_text: ˈrɛptʌɪl
definition:
a vertebrate animal of a class that includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are distinguished by having a dry scaly skin and typically laying soft-shelled eggs on land.|a person regarded with loathing and contempt.

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin, neuter of reptilis, from Latin rept- ‘crawled’, from the verb repere .


word: REPTILIAN
russian_word: рептилия
example: the reptilian ancestors of mammals|a reptilian villain with no redeeming features
definition: relating to or characteristic of reptiles.|(of a person) deeply disliked and despised; repulsive.
antonyms: nice|pleasant|attractive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɛpˈtɪlɪən
phonetics_text: rɛpˈtɪlɪən
synonyms:
reptile|cold-blooded|saurian|ophidian|crocodilian|poikilothermic|reptiloid|reptiliform|reptant|repent|unpleasant|distasteful|nasty|disagreeable|unappealing|unattractive|off-putting|horrible|horrid|unctuous|ingratiating|fulsome|oily|oleaginous|untrustworthy|devious|sly|underhand|crafty|smarmy|slimy|creepy|sneaky


word: REPUBLIC
russian_word: республика
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌblɪk
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌblɪk
definition:
a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

origin:
late 16th century: from French république, from Latin respublica, from res ‘entity, concern’ + publicus ‘of the people, public’.


word: REPUBLICAN
russian_word: республиканский
example: they reiterated their demand of abolition of the monarchy and creation of a republican state
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌblɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌblɪk(ə)n
definition:
(of a form of government, constitution, etc.) belonging to or characteristic of a republic.|(in the US) supporting the Republican Party.


word: REPUBLICANISM
russian_word: республиканство
example: France's historic attachment to the principles of republicanism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌblɪk(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌblɪk(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
support for a republican system of government.|(in the US) the principles or policies of the Republican Party.|support for a united Ireland.


word: REPUDIATE
russian_word: отрекаться
definition: refuse to accept; reject.|deny the truth or validity of.
antonyms: embrace
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈpjuːdɪeɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpjuːdɪeɪt
example:
she has repudiated policies associated with previous party leaders|the minister repudiated allegations of human rights abuses

synonyms:
reject|renounce|abandon|forswear|give up|turn one's back on|have nothing more to do with|wash one's hands of|have no more truck with|abjure|disavow|recant|desert|discard|disown|cast off|lay aside|cut off|rebuff|forsake|disprofess

origin:
late Middle English (originally an adjective in the sense ‘divorced’): from Latin repudiatus ‘divorced, cast off’, from repudium ‘divorce’.


word: REPUGNANCE
russian_word: отвращение
example: our repugnance at the bleeding carcasses
definition: intense disgust.
antonyms: delight|liking
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌɡnəns
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌɡnəns
synonyms:
revulsion|disgust|abhorrence|repulsion|nausea|loathing|horror|hatred|detestation|aversion|abomination|distaste|antipathy|dislike|contempt|odium|yuck factor|disrelish|repellency|repellence

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘opposition’): from Old French repugnance or Latin repugnantia, from repugnare ‘oppose’, from re- (expressing opposition) + pugnare ‘to fight’.


word: REPUGNANCY
russian_word: противоречие
definition: inconsistency or incompatibility of ideas or statements.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌɡnənsi
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌɡnənsi
example:
words in a contract will be given their ordinary meaning unless that produces absurdity, inconsistency, or repugnancy


word: REPUGNANT
russian_word: отвратительный
example: cannibalism seems repugnant to us|a by-law must not be repugnant to the general law of the country
definition: extremely distasteful; unacceptable.|in conflict or incompatible with.
antonyms: attractive|agreeable|pleasant
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpʌɡnənt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌɡnənt
synonyms:
abhorrent|revolting|repulsive|repellent|disgusting|offensive|objectionable|vile|foul|nasty|loathsome|sickening|nauseating|nauseous|hateful|detestable|execrable|abominable|monstrous|appalling|reprehensible|deplorable|insufferable|intolerable|unacceptable|despicable|contemptible|beyond the pale|unspeakable|noxious|obscene|base|hideous|grisly|gruesome|horrendous|heinous|atrocious|awful|terrible|dreadful|frightful|obnoxious|unsavoury|unpalatable|unpleasant|disagreeable|distasteful|dislikeable|off-putting|displeasing|ghastly|horrible|horrid|gross|putrid|sick-making|yucky|godawful|beastly|bogging|skanky|noisome|disgustful|scurvy|loathly|rebarbative

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘offering resistance’): from Old French repugnant or Latin repugnant- ‘opposing’, from the verb repugnare (see repugnance).


word: REPULSE
russian_word: отпор
definition: drive back (an attack or attacker) by force.|cause to feel intense distaste and aversion.
antonyms: delight
origin: late Middle English: from Latin repuls- ‘driven back’, from the verb repellere (see repel).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌls
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌls
example:
rioters tried to storm the Ministry but were repulsed by police|audiences were repulsed by the film's brutality

synonyms:
repel|drive back|drive away|fight back|fight off|put to flight|force back|beat off|beat back|push back|thrust back|ward off|hold off|stave off|fend off|foil|check|frustrate|see off|send packing|rebut


word: REPULSION
russian_word: отталкивание
antonyms: delight|liking
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈpʌlʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌlʃ(ə)n
example:
people talk about the case with a mixture of fascination and repulsion|bond lengths are increased due to increasing repulsion between the atoms

definition:
a feeling of intense distaste or disgust.|a force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other, e.g. through having the same magnetic polarity or electric charge.

synonyms:
disgust|revulsion|abhorrence|repugnance|nausea|loathing|horror|hatred|detestation|aversion|abomination|distaste|antipathy|dislike|contempt|odium|yuck factor|disrelish|repellency|repellence


word: REPULSIVE
russian_word: отталкивающий
example: a repulsive smell
antonyms: delightful|pleasant|attractive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpʌlsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈpʌlsɪv
definition:
arousing intense distaste or disgust.|relating to repulsion between physical objects.|lacking friendliness or sympathy.

synonyms:
revolting|disgusting|abhorrent|repellent|repugnant|offensive|objectionable|vile|foul|nasty|loathsome|sickening|nauseating|stomach-churning|stomach-turning|hateful|detestable|execrable|abominable|monstrous|appalling|reprehensible|deplorable|insufferable|intolerable|despicable|contemptible|beyond the pale|unspeakable|noxious|horrendous|heinous|atrocious|awful|terrible|dreadful|frightful|obnoxious|unsavoury|unpleasant|disagreeable|distasteful|dislikeable|off-putting|uninviting|displeasing|ugly|as ugly as sin|hideous|grotesque|gruesome|unsightly|reptilian|vomitous|ghastly|horrible|horrid|godawful|gross|putrid|sick-making|sick|yucky|icky|fugly|beastly|bogging|skanky|huckery|noisome|disgustful|scurvy|loathly|rebarbative


word: REPURPOSE
russian_word: перепрофилировать
definition: adapt for use in a different purpose.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈpɜːpəs
phonetics_text: riːˈpɜːpəs
example:
they've taken a product that was originally designed for the CD-ROM and repurposed it for the Microsoft Network


word: REPUTABLE
russian_word: уважаемый
example: a reputable company
definition: having a good reputation.
antonyms: disreputable|untrustworthy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛpjʊtəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛpjʊtəb(ə)l
synonyms:
well thought of|highly regarded|well respected|respected|respectable|with a good reputation|of repute|of good repute|creditable|esteemed|prestigious|estimable|established|well known|reliable|dependable|trusted|trustworthy|tried and trusted|honest|honourable|principled|above board|legitimate|upright|virtuous|irreproachable|anti-corruption|worthy|good|excellent|conscientious|legit|copper-bottomed|of good report

origin:
early 17th century: from obsolete French, or from medieval Latin reputabilis, from Latin reputare ‘reflect upon’ (see repute).


word: REPUTE
russian_word: репутация
example: pollution could bring the authority's name into bad repute
synonyms: reputation|name|character|report
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈpjuːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈpjuːt
definition:
the opinion generally held of someone or something; the state of being regarded in a particular way.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reputer or Latin reputare ‘think over’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + putare ‘think’.


word: REPUTED
russian_word: известный
example: a reputed budget of $165 million|a highly reputed company
antonyms: actual
synonyms: supposed|putative|apparent|ostensible|suppositious|reputative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈpjuːtɪd
phonetics_text: rɪˈpjuːtɪd
definition:
generally believed to exist or be something specified, but not definitely the case.|widely known and well thought of.


word: REPUTEDLY
russian_word: по общему мнению
example: he reputedly gained a £1.2-million settlement at the end of their marriage
definition: according to what people say or believe; supposedly.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈpjuːtɪdli
phonetics_text: rɪˈpjuːtɪdli
synonyms:
supposedly|by all accounts|according to popular belief|so the story goes|so I'm told|so people say|by repute|allegedly|putatively|apparently|seemingly|ostensibly|reputatively|putatitiously


word: REQUEST
russian_word: запрос
example: a request for information
definition: an act of asking politely or formally for something.
origin: Middle English: from Old French requeste (noun), based on Latin requirere (see require).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈkwɛst
phonetics_text: rɪˈkwɛst
synonyms:
appeal|entreaty|plea|petition|solicitation|supplication|prayer|invocation|application|demand|call|summons|requisition|behest|imploration|adjuration|obtestation|impetration|obsecration|bidding|asking|pleading|petitioning|begging|instance


word: REQUIRE
russian_word: требовать
example: three patients required operations
definition: need for a particular purpose.
antonyms: optional|inessential
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkwʌɪə
phonetics_text: rɪˈkwʌɪə
synonyms:
need|be in need of|stand in need of|have need of|be crying out for|essential|vital|indispensable|necessary|needed|called for|requisite|prerequisite|compulsory|obligatory|mandatory|prescribed|statutory|recommended|set|de rigueur|desired|preferred|chosen|selected|correct|proper|right

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French requere, from Latin requirere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + quaerere ‘seek’.


word: REQUISITE
russian_word: реквизит
example: the application will not be processed until the requisite fee is paid
definition: made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations.
antonyms: optional|unnecessary|non-essential
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛkwɪzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛkwɪzɪt
synonyms:
necessary|required|prerequisite|essential|indispensable|vital|needed|needful|compulsory|obligatory|mandatory|stipulated|demanded|called-for|imperative|de rigueur

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin requisitus ‘searched for, deemed necessary’, past participle of requirere (see require).


word: REQUISITION
russian_word: реквизиция
example: I had to make various requisitions for staff and accommodation
definition: an official order laying claim to the use of property or materials.
synonyms: order|purchase order|request|call|application|claim|demand|summons|indent
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌrɛkwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛkwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English (as a noun in the sense ‘request, demand’): from Old French, or from Latin requisitio(n- ), from requirere ‘search for’ (see require). The verb dates from the mid 19th century.


word: REQUITE
russian_word: вознаграждать
example: they are quick to requite a kindness
definition: make appropriate return for (a favour, service, or wrongdoing).
origin: early 16th century: from re- ‘back’ + obsolete quite, variant of the verb quit1.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈkwʌɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈkwʌɪt
synonyms:
avenge|exact revenge for|revenge|retaliate for|pay someone back for|get/have/take one's revenge|take reprisals|settle old scores|settle the score with someone|give tit for tat|get even|give as good as one gets|give like for like


word: REREDOS
russian_word: запрестольный образ
definition: an ornamental screen covering the wall at the back of an altar.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪədɒs
phonetics_text: ˈrɪədɒs
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from Old French areredos, from arere ‘behind’ + dos ‘back’.


word: RESCIND
russian_word: аннулировать
definition: revoke, cancel, or repeal (a law, order, or agreement).
antonyms: enforce|enact
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsɪnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɪnd
synonyms:
revoke|repeal|cancel|reverse|abrogate|overturn|overrule|override|annul|nullify|declare null and void|make void|void|invalidate|render invalid|quash|abolish|set aside|countermand|retract|withdraw|vacate|avoid|recall|disannul

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin rescindere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + scindere ‘to divide, split’.


word: RESCISSION
russian_word: расторжение
example: the plaintiff agreed to the rescission of the agreement
definition: the revocation, cancellation, or repeal of a law, order, or agreement.
antonyms: enforcement
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
revocation|repeal|cancellation|rescindment|reversal|abrogation|annulment|nullification|invalidation|voiding|setting aside|retraction|recall|disannulment

origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin rescissio(n- ), from resciss-, ‘split again’, from the verb rescindere (see rescind).


word: RESCRIPT
russian_word: рескрипт
definition: an official edict or announcement.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːskrɪpt
phonetics_text: ˈriːskrɪpt
origin:
late Middle English (denoting a papal decision): from Latin rescriptum, neuter past participle of rescribere ‘write back’, from re- ‘back’ + scribere ‘write’.


word: RESCUE
russian_word: спасение
example: firemen rescued a man trapped in the river
definition: save (someone) from a dangerous or difficult situation.
antonyms: endanger|jeopardize|imprison|abandon
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛskjuː
phonetics_text: ˈrɛskjuː
synonyms:
save|save from danger|save the life of|come to the aid of|set free|free|release|liberate|extricate|get someone out|deliver|redeem|ransom|emancipate|relieve|bail someone out|bring someone off|save someone's bacon|save someone's neck|save someone's skin

origin:
Middle English: from Old French rescoure from Latin re- (expressing intensive force) + excutere ‘shake out, discard’.


word: RESEARCH
russian_word: исследование
example: the group carries out research in geochemistry
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈsəːtʃ
phonetics_text: rɪˈsəːtʃ|ˈriːsəːtʃ
definition:
the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

synonyms:
investigation|experimentation|testing|exploration|analysis|fact-finding|examination|scrutiny|scrutinization|probing|groundwork|indagation|experiments|tests|inquiries|studies|analyses|work

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete French recerche (noun), recercher (verb), from Old French re- (expressing intensive force) + cerchier ‘to search’.


word: RESECT
russian_word: производить резекцию
example: resect the tumour while preserving the bladder function
definition: cut out (tissue or part of an organ).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsɛkt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɛkt
origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘remove, cut away’): from Latin resect- ‘cut off’, from the verb resecare, from re- ‘back’ + secare ‘to cut’.


word: RESEDA
russian_word: резеда
definition: a plant of the genus Reseda (family Resedaceae ), especially (in gardening) a mignonette.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛsɪdə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛsɪdə|rɪˈsiːdə
origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin, interpreted in the sense ‘assuage!’, imperative of resedare, with reference to its supposed curative powers.


word: RESEMBLE
russian_word: походить на
example: some people resemble their dogs
definition: have a similar appearance to or qualities in common with (someone or something); look or seem like.
antonyms: differ from
origin: Middle English: from Old French resembler, based on Latin similare (from similis ‘like’).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzɛmb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɛmb(ə)l
synonyms:
look like|be similar to|be like|bear a resemblance to|remind one of|put one in mind of|take after|favour|have a look of|make one think of|approximate to|smack of|have (all) the hallmarks of|correspond to|be not dissimilar to|be not unlike|echo|mirror|duplicate|parallel|mimic|bear semblance to


word: RESENT
russian_word: возмущаться
example: she resented the fact that I had children
definition: feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance, action, or person).
antonyms: like|welcome|be pleased by
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzɛnt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɛnt
synonyms:
begrudge|feel aggrieved at/about|feel bitter about|grudge|be annoyed at/about|be angry at/about|be resentful of|dislike|be displeased at/about|take exception to|object to|be offended by|take amiss|take offence at|take umbrage at|envy|feel envious of|feel jealous of|bear/harbour a grudge about|take something ill

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete French resentir, from re- (expressing intensive force) + sentir ‘feel’ (from Latin sentire ). The early sense was ‘experience an emotion or sensation’, later ‘feel deeply’, giving rise to ‘feel aggrieved by’.


word: RESENTFUL
russian_word: обиженный
example: he was angry and resentful of their intrusion
definition: feeling or expressing bitterness or indignation at having been treated unfairly.
antonyms: satisfied|contented
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈzɛntfʊl
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɛntfʊl|rɪˈzɛntf(ə)l
synonyms:
aggrieved|indignant|irritated|exasperated|piqued|put out|in high dudgeon|displeased|dissatisfied|disgruntled|discontented|malcontent|offended|bitter|hostile|acrimonious|rancorous|spiteful|jaundiced|envious|jealous|grudging|begrudging|sullen|sulky|sour|fed up|huffy|in a huff|irked|miffed|miffy|peeved|mad|aggravated|narked|sore|vex|snuffy|wroth|pissed off


word: RESENTMENT
russian_word: негодование
example: his resentment at being demoted
definition: bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly.
antonyms: contentment|happiness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɛntm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɛntm(ə)nt
synonyms:
bitterness|indignation|irritation|pique|displeasure|dissatisfaction|disgruntlement|discontentment|discontent|resentfulness|bad feelings|hard feelings|ill feelings|acrimony|rancour|animosity|hostility|jaundice|antipathy|antagonism|enmity|hatred|hate|envy|jealousy|malice|ill will|grudge|grievance|a chip on one's shoulder|ire

origin:
early 17th century: from Italian risentimento or French ressentiment, from obsolete French resentir (see resent).


word: RESERPINE
russian_word: резерпин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsəːpiːn
phonetics_text: rɪˈsəːpiːn
definition:
a compound of the alkaloid class obtained from Indian snakeroot and other plants and used in the treatment of hypertension.

origin:
1950s: from the modern Latin species name R(auwolfia) serp(entina ), named after Leonhard Rauwolf (see rauwolfia), + -ine4.


word: RESERVATION
russian_word: бронирование
antonyms: confidence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛzəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛzəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the reservation of positions for non-Americans|some generals voiced reservations about making air strikes|the boy's family live on a reservation|the retention of a right to enter the demised property will be a reservation

definition:
the action of reserving something.|an expression of doubt qualifying overall approval of a plan or statement.|an area of land set aside for occupation by North American Indians or Australian Aboriginal people.|a right or interest retained in an estate being conveyed.|(in the Roman Catholic Church) the action of a superior of reserving to himself the power of absolution.

synonyms:
doubt|qualm|scruple|misgivings|scepticism|unease|hesitation|hesitancy|demur|reluctance|objection|demurrer

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the Pope's right of nomination to a benefice): from Old French, or from late Latin reservatio(n- ), from reservare ‘keep back’ (see reserve).


word: RESERVE
russian_word: резерв
antonyms: use up
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈzəːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈzəːv
example:
roll out half the dough and reserve the other half|a place was reserved for her in the front row|I'll reserve my views on his ability until he's played again

definition:
retain for future use.|arrange for (a room, seat, ticket, etc.) to be kept for the use of a particular person.|refrain from delivering (a judgement or decision) without due consideration or evidence.

synonyms:
put to one side|put aside|set aside|lay aside|keep back|keep|save|hold|keep in reserve|hold back|retain|conserve|preserve|put away|withhold|earmark|hang on to

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reserver, from Latin reservare ‘keep back’, from re- ‘back’ + servare ‘to keep’.


word: RESERVED
russian_word: зарезервированный
example: he is a reserved, almost taciturn man|a reserved seat
definition: slow to reveal emotion or opinions.|kept specially for a particular person.
antonyms: outgoing|open
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈzəːvd
phonetics_text: rɪˈzəːvd
synonyms:
reticent|self-restrained|restrained|quiet|private|self-contained|uncommunicative|unforthcoming|undemonstrative|unsociable|formal|constrained|cool|aloof|stand-offish|detached|distant|remote|unapproachable|unfriendly|withdrawn|guarded|secretive|media-shy|close|silent|taciturn|close-mouthed|shy|retiring|diffident|timid|demure|self-effacing|shrinking|inhibited|introverted|unemotional|cold|chilly|frigid|retired|Olympian


word: RESERVOIR
russian_word: водохранилище
synonyms: pool|lake|pond|water supply|waterbody|loch|tank|cenote
origin: mid 17th century: from French réservoir, from réserver ‘to reserve, keep’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛzəvwɑː
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzəvwɑː
example:
the more water we use, the more land has to be flooded for reservoirs|there is a vast reservoir of herpes infection in the community

definition:
a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.|a population, tissue, etc. which is chronically infested with the causative agent of a disease and can act as a source of further infection.


word: RESHUFFLE
russian_word: перестановка
example: Youngman is requesting that Garcia reshuffle the cards
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
interchange the positions of (members of a team, especially government ministers).|shuffle (playing cards) again.

synonyms:
reorganize|restructure|change|change around|change the line-up of|shake up|rearrange|interchange|shuffle|regroup|rejig|redistribute|realign|jigger


word: RESIDE
russian_word: находиться
definition: have one's permanent home in a particular place.|(of power or a right) belong to a person or body.
antonyms: visit
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzʌɪd
phonetics_text: rɪˈzʌɪd
example:
people who work in the city actually reside in neighbouring towns|legislative powers reside with the Federal Assembly

synonyms:
live in|occupy|inhabit|have one's home in|be settled in|have taken up residence in|have established oneself in|stay in|lodge in|hang out in|hang one's hat in|dwell in|be domiciled in|sojourn in|bide in

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘be in residence as an official’): probably a back-formation from resident, influenced by French résider or Latin residere ‘remain’, from re- ‘back’ + sedere ‘sit’.


word: RESIDENCE
russian_word: резиденция
example: the youth hostel has been adapted from a private residence
definition: a person's home, especially a large and impressive one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛzɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzɪd(ə)ns
synonyms:
home|house|apartment|place of residence|address|accommodation|place|quarters|lodgings|seat|pied à terre|flat|pad|digs|dwelling|dwelling place|domicile|abode|habitation

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the fact of living in a place): from Old French, or from medieval Latin residentia, from Latin residere ‘remain’ (see reside).


word: RESIDENCY
russian_word: резиденция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛzɪd(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzɪd(ə)nsi
example:
he made contact with the KGB residency in Aden|he saw me at a folk club where I was doing the residency one Sunday night

definition:
the fact of living in a place.|the official residence of the Governor General's representative or other government agent, especially at the court of an Indian state.|an organization of intelligence agents in a foreign country.|a musician's regular engagement at a club or other venue.|a period of specialized medical training in a hospital; the position of a resident.


word: RESIDENT
russian_word: резидент
example: it was a beautiful hamlet with just 100 residents
origin: Middle English: from Latin resident- ‘remaining’, from the verb residere (see reside).
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛzɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzɪd(ə)nt
definition:
a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis.|a medical graduate engaged in specialized practice under supervision in a hospital.

synonyms:
inhabitant|local|householder|homeowner|houseowner|citizen|native|townsman|townswoman|taxpayer|occupant|occupier|tenant|denizen|burgher|dweller|residentiary|indweller


word: RESIDENTIARY
russian_word: относящийся к месту жительства
definition: relating to or involving residence in a place.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɛzɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɛzɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)ri
origin:
early 16th century (as a noun): from medieval Latin residentiarius, from Latin resident- ‘remaining’ (see resident).


word: RESIDUAL
russian_word: остаточный
example: the withdrawal of residual occupying forces
definition: remaining after the greater part or quantity has gone.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɪdjʊəl
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɪdjʊəl
synonyms:
remaining|leftover|unused|unconsumed|surplus|extra|excess|superfluous|residuary|remanent|lingering|lasting|enduring|abiding|persisting|surviving|vestigial


word: RESIDUE
russian_word: остаток
example: the fine residue left after the sorting of tea
definition: a small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛzɪdjuː
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzɪdjuː
synonyms:
remainder|remaining part|part leftover|rest|remnant|remnants|surplus|extra|excess|balance|remains|leftovers|leavings|dregs|lees|sediment|grounds|settlings|residuum|precipitate|sublimate|overage

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French residu, from Latin residuum ‘something remaining’ (see residuum).


word: RESIGN
russian_word: уходить в отставку
definition: voluntarily leave a job or office.|accept that something undesirable cannot be avoided.
antonyms: refuse to accept|resistant
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzʌɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈzʌɪn
example:
he resigned from the company in protest of the treatment of his co-workers|she resigned herself to a lengthy session

synonyms:
leave|go|hand in one's notice|give in one's notice|give notice|stand down|step down|bow out|walk out|quit|call it a day

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French resigner, from Latin resignare ‘unseal, cancel’, from re- ‘back’ + signare ‘sign, seal’.


word: RESIGNATION
russian_word: отставка
example: he announced his resignation|a shrug of resignation
definition: an act of resigning from a job or office.|the acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable.
antonyms: resistance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛzɪɡˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛzɪɡˈneɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
departure|leaving|standing down|stepping down|retirement|giving up|vacating|relinquishment|renunciation|surrender|abdication|quitting|demission

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin resignatio(n- ), from resignare ‘unseal, cancel’ (see resign).


word: RESILE
russian_word: отступать
example: can he resile from the agreement?
definition: abandon a position or a course of action.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzʌɪl
phonetics_text: rɪˈzʌɪl
origin:
early 16th century: from obsolete French resilir or Latin resilire ‘to recoil’, from re- ‘back’ + salire ‘to jump’.


word: RESILIENCE
russian_word: упругость
antonyms: rigidity|fragility|vulnerability|weakness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɪlɪəns
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɪlɪəns
example:
the often remarkable resilience of so many British institutions|nylon is excellent in wearability, abrasion resistance and resilience

definition:
the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.|the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape; elasticity.

synonyms:
flexibility|pliability|suppleness|plasticity|elasticity|springiness|spring|give|durability|ability to last|strength|sturdiness|toughness|strength of character|hardiness|adaptability|buoyancy|ability to bounce back|bouncebackability


word: RESILIENT
russian_word: упругий
example: babies are generally far more resilient than new parents realize|a shoe with resilient cushioning
antonyms: vulnerable|sensitive
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin resilient- ‘leaping back’, from the verb resilire (see resile).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈzɪlɪənt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɪlɪənt
definition:
(of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.|(of a substance or object) able to recoil or spring back into shape after bending, stretching, or being compressed.

synonyms:
strong|tough|hardy|quick to recover|quick to bounce back|buoyant|difficult to keep down|irrepressible|adaptable|flexible


word: RESIN
russian_word: смола
origin: late Middle English: from Latin resina ; related to Greek rhētinē ‘pine resin’. Compare with rosin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛzɪn
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzɪn
example:
clear resin had oozed to the surface, trickled down, and set|epoxy resins frequently cause dermatitis

definition:
a sticky flammable organic substance, insoluble in water, exuded by some trees and other plants (notably fir and pine).|a solid or liquid synthetic organic polymer used as the basis of plastics, adhesives, varnishes, or other products.


word: RESIST
russian_word: сопротивляться
example: antibodies help us to resist infection
definition: withstand the action or effect of.
antonyms: be harmed by|be susceptible to
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɪst
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɪst
synonyms:
withstand|be proof against|hold out against|combat|counter|weather|endure|outlast|repel|be resistant to|be impervious to|be impermeable to|keep out

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French resister or Latin resistere, from re- (expressing opposition) + sistere ‘stop’ (reduplication of stare ‘to stand’). The current sense of the noun dates from the mid 19th century.


word: RESISTANCE
russian_word: сопротивление
antonyms: acceptance|receptivity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɪst(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɪst(ə)ns
example:
they displayed a narrow-minded resistance to change|some of us have a lower resistance to cold than others|air resistance was reduced by streamlining

definition:
the refusal to accept or comply with something.|the ability not to be affected by something, especially adversely.|the impeding or stopping effect exerted by one material thing on another.|the degree to which a substance or device opposes the passage of an electric current, causing energy dissipation. By Ohm's law resistance (measured in ohms) is equal to the voltage divided by the current.

synonyms:
opposition to|hostility to|aversion to|refusal to accept|unwillingness to accept|disinclination to accept|reluctance to accept|lack of enthusiasm for

origin:
late Middle English: from French résistance, from late Latin resistentia, from the verb resistere ‘hold back’ (see resist).


word: RESISTANT
russian_word: стойкий
antonyms: susceptible to|receptive to
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈzɪstənt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɪstənt
example:
some of the old Churches are resistant to change|cooked rice, like bread, contains a useful amount of resistant starch, which acts like fibre in the digestive system

definition:
offering resistance to something or someone.|denoting starch that is not easily broken down by enzymes within the body and is therefore minimally absorbed during digestion.

synonyms:
impervious to|proof against|unaffected by|repellent of|unsusceptible to|immune to|invulnerable to|water-resistant|waterproof|impenetrable|imperviable to|opposed to|averse to|hostile to|inimical to|against|anti|unwilling to accept|disinclined to accept|reluctant to accept|unenthusiastic about


word: RESOLE
russian_word: подбивать
definition: provide (a boot, shoe, etc.) with a new sole.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈsəʊl
phonetics_text: riːˈsəʊl
example:
in principle any shoe can be resoled, but track shoes are done less frequently than road or cross-country shoes


word: RESOLUBLE
russian_word: подбивать
definition: able to be resolved.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈzɒljʊb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɒljʊb(ə)l
origin:
early 17th century: from French résoluble or late Latin resolubilis, based on Latin solvere ‘release, loosen’.


word: RESOLUTE
russian_word: решительный
example: she was resolute and unswerving
definition: admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering.
antonyms: irresolute|half-hearted
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛzəluːt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzəluːt
synonyms:
determined|purposeful|purposive|resolved|decided|adamant|single-minded|firm|unswerving|unwavering|undaunted|fixed|set|intent|insistent|steadfast|staunch|stalwart|earnest|manful|deliberate|unfaltering|unhesitating|unflinching|persevering|persistent|pertinacious|indefatigable|tenacious|bulldog|strong-minded|strong-willed|unshakeable|unshaken|steely|four-square|dedicated|committed|constant|stubborn|dogged|obstinate|obdurate|inflexible|relentless|intransigent|implacable|unyielding|unbending|immovable|unrelenting|spirited|brave|bold|courageous|plucky|stout|stout-hearted|mettlesome|indomitable|strenuous|vigorous|gritty|stiff|rock-ribbed|gutsy|spunky|perseverant|indurate

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘paid’, describing a rent): from Latin resolutus ‘loosened, released, paid’, past participle of resolvere (see resolve).


word: RESOLUTION
russian_word: разрешение
antonyms: irresolution|half-heartedness
origin: late Middle English: from Latin resolutio(n- ), from resolvere ‘loosen, release’ (see resolve).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n
example:
she kept her resolution not to see Anne any more|he handled the last British actions of the war with resolution|the peaceful resolution of all disputes|the gradual resolution of an uncertain feeling into a named emotion

definition:
a firm decision to do or not to do something.|the quality of being determined or resolute.|the action of solving a problem or contentious matter.|the process of reducing or separating something into constituent parts or components.|the smallest interval measurable by a telescope or other scientific instrument; the resolving power.|the conversion of something abstract into another form.

synonyms:
intention|resolve|decision|intent|aim|aspiration|design|purpose|object|plan|commitment|pledge|promise|undertaking


word: RESOLUTIVE
russian_word: резолютивный
definition: having the power or ability to dissolve or dispel something.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛzəluːtɪv
phonetics_text: ˈrɛzəluːtɪv
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin resolutivus, from resolut- ‘released’, from the verb resolvere (see resolve).


word: RESOLVE
russian_word: решать
antonyms: combine
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɒlv
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɒlv
example:
the firm aims to resolve problems within 30 days|she resolved to ring Dana as soon as she got home|alpha-zein is often resolved into two major size components|the orange light resolved itself into four roadwork lanterns

definition:
settle or find a solution to (a problem or contentious matter).|decide firmly on a course of action.|separate or cause to be separated into constituent parts or components.|(of something seen at a distance) turn into a different form when seen more clearly.

synonyms:
settle|sort out|solve|find a solution to|find an answer to|fix|work out|straighten out|deal with|put right|set right|put to rights|rectify|iron out|reconcile|answer|explain|fathom|unravel|disentangle|clarify|clear up|throw light on|sew up|hammer out|thrash out|patch up|crack|figure out

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘dissolve, disintegrate’ and ‘solve (a problem)’): from Latin resolvere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + solvere ‘loosen’.


word: RESOLVENT
russian_word: противовоспалительное средство
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɒlv(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɒlv(ə)nt
definition:
denoting an equation, function, or expression that is introduced in order to reach or complete a solution.


word: RESONANCE
russian_word: резонанс
example: the resonance of his voice
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛz(ə)nəns
phonetics_text: ˈrɛz(ə)nəns
definition:
the quality in a sound of being deep, full, and reverberating.|the reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection from a surface or by the synchronous vibration of a neighbouring object.|the condition in which an electric circuit or device produces the largest possible response to an applied oscillating signal.|the occurrence of a simple ratio between the periods of revolution of two bodies about a single primary.|the property of having a molecular structure which cannot adequately be represented by a single structural formula but is a composite of two or more structures of higher energy.|a short-lived subatomic particle that is an excited state of a more stable particle.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin resonantia ‘echo’, from resonare ‘resound’ (see resonant).


word: RESONANT
russian_word: звучный
antonyms: faint|thin|weak
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛz(ə)nənt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛz(ə)nənt
example:
a full-throated and resonant guffaw|the sound of these instruments, played in a resonant room, is unforgettable|resonant absorption of radiation|the resonant reds, greens, and browns typical of Ribera's palette

definition:
(of sound) deep, clear, and continuing to sound or reverberate.|(of a room, musical instrument, or hollow body) tending to reinforce or prolong sounds, especially by synchronous vibration.|relating to or bringing about resonance in a circuit, atom, or other object.|(of a colour) enhancing or enriching another colour or colours by contrast.

synonyms:
deep|low|sonorous|full|full-bodied|vibrant|rich|clear|ringing|orotund|bass|baritone|basso|loud|carrying|booming|thunderous|thundering|plangent|pear-shaped|canorous

origin:
late 16th century: from French résonnant or Latin resonant- ‘resounding’, from the verb resonare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + sonare ‘to sound’.


word: RESONATE
russian_word: резонировать
example: the sound of the siren resonated across the harbour|the crystal resonates at 16 MHz
origin: late 19th century: from Latin resonat- ‘resounded’, from the verb resonare (see resound).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɛz(ə)neɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛz(ə)neɪt
definition:
produce or be filled with a deep, full, reverberating sound.|produce electrical or mechanical resonance.


word: RESONATOR
russian_word: резонатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛz(ə)neɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛz(ə)neɪtə
definition:
an apparatus that increases the resonance of a sound, especially a hollow part of a musical instrument.


word: RESORCINOL
russian_word: резорцин
origin: late 19th century: from the earlier term resorcin + -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈzɔːsɪnɒl
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɔːsɪnɒl
definition:
a crystalline compound originally obtained from galbanum resin, used in the production of dyes, resins, and cosmetics.


word: RESORT
russian_word: курорт
example: a seaside resort|territorial questions must not be settled by resort to violence
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈzɔːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzɔːt
definition:
a place that is frequented for holidays or recreation or for a particular purpose.|the action of resorting to a course of action in a difficult situation.

synonyms:
tourist centre|centre|spot|retreat|haunt|spa|watering place|holiday destination|holiday centre|tourist trap|honeypot

origin:
late Middle English (denoting something one can turn to for assistance): from Old French resortir, from re- ‘again’ + sortir ‘come or go out’. The sense ‘place frequently visited’ dates from the mid 18th century.


word: RESOUND
russian_word: звучать
example: another scream resounded through the school|Horace resounds the praises of Italy
definition: (of a sound, voice, etc.) fill or echo throughout a place.|sing (the praises) of.
synonyms: echo|re-echo|reverberate|ring out|fill the air|boom|peal|thunder|rumble
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzaʊnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈzaʊnd
origin:
late Middle English: from re- ‘again’ + the verb sound1, suggested by Old French resoner or Latin resonare ‘sound again’.


word: RESOUNDING
russian_word: звучный
example: the evening was a resounding success|a resounding smack across the face
definition: unmistakable; emphatic.|(of a sound) loud enough to reverberate.
antonyms: faint
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈzaʊndɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈzaʊndɪŋ
synonyms:
enormous|huge|massive|very great|tremendous|terrific|colossal|emphatic|decisive|conclusive|striking|impressive|outstanding|unmistakable|notable|noteworthy|memorable|remarkable|phenomenal|monumental|whopping|thumping|fantastic|ginormous


word: RESOURCE
russian_word: ресурс
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈsɔːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɔːs|rɪˈzɔːs
example:
local authorities complained that they lacked resources|sometimes anger is the only resource left in a situation like this

definition:
a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively.|an action or strategy which may be adopted in adverse circumstances.|a leisure occupation.

synonyms:
assets|funds|wealth|money|riches|capital|deep pockets|staff|people|supplies|materials|store(s)|stock(s)|reserve(s)|holding(s)|supply|reservoir|pool|fund|stockpile|accumulation|hoard

origin:
early 17th century: from obsolete French ressourse, feminine past participle (used as a noun) of Old French dialect resourdre ‘rise again, recover’ (based on Latin surgere ‘to rise’).


word: RESOURCEFUL
russian_word: находчивый
example: he maintained her reputation for being a resourceful problem-solver
definition: having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties.
antonyms: unimaginative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsɔːsfʊl
phonetics_text: rɪˈsɔːsfʊl|rɪˈzɔːsfʊl
synonyms:
ingenious|imaginative|inventive|creative|quick-witted|clever|bright|sharp|talented|gifted|able|capable|spirited|enthusiastic|ambitious|energetic|vigorous


word: RESPECT
russian_word: уважение
antonyms: contempt
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈspɛkt
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛkt
example:
the director had a lot of respect for Douglas as an actor|young people's lack of respect for their parents

definition:
a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements.|due regard for the feelings, wishes, or rights of others.|a particular aspect, point, or detail.

synonyms:
esteem|regard|high regard|high opinion|acclaim|admiration|approbation|approval|appreciation|estimation|favour|popularity|recognition|veneration|awe|reverence|deference|honour|praise|homage

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin respectus, from the verb respicere ‘look back at, regard’, from re- ‘back’ + specere ‘look at’.


word: RESPECTABLE
russian_word: респектабельный
example: they thought the stage no life for a respectable lady|a respectable botanical text
definition: regarded by society to be good, proper, or correct.|of some merit or importance.
antonyms: disreputable|unworthy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈspɛktəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛktəb(ə)l
synonyms:
reputable|of good repute|upright|honest|honourable|trustworthy|above board|worthy|decent|good|virtuous|admirable|well bred|clean-living|proper|decorous|genteel|accepted|presentable|comme il faut


word: RESPECTABLY
russian_word: респектабельно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈspɛktəbli
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛktəbli
example:
his boss insists that all his staff be respectably married|he played respectably this season, but he was not quite the elite quarterback we envisioned

definition:
in a way that is regarded by society to be good, proper, or correct.|to an adequate or acceptable standard.


word: RESPECT
russian_word: уважение
example: she was respected by everyone she worked with|I respected his views
antonyms: despise
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈspɛkt
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛkt
definition:
admire (someone or something) deeply, as a result of their abilities, qualities, or achievements.|have due regard for (someone's feelings, wishes, or rights).

synonyms:
esteem|admire|think highly of|have a high opinion of|hold in high regard|hold in (high) esteem|think much of|approve of|appreciate|cherish|value|set (great) store by|prize|treasure|look up to|pay homage to|venerate|revere|reverence|adulate|worship|idolize|put on a pedestal|lionize|hero-worship|honour|applaud|praise|favour

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin respectus, from the verb respicere ‘look back at, regard’, from re- ‘back’ + specere ‘look at’.


word: RESPECTFUL
russian_word: почтительный
example: they sit in respectful silence
definition: feeling or showing deference and respect.
antonyms: disrespectful|rude
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈspɛk(t)fʊl
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛk(t)fʊl|rɪˈspɛk(t)f(ə)l
synonyms:
deferential|reverent|admiring|humble|reverential|dutiful|subservient|polite|well mannered|civil|courteous|chivalrous|gallant|gracious|considerate|obliging|solicitous|thoughtful|attentive|mannerly|regardful


word: RESPECTIVE
russian_word: соответствующий
example: they chatted about their respective childhoods
definition: belonging or relating separately to each of two or more people or things.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈspɛktɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛktɪv
synonyms:
separate|personal|own|particular|individual|specific|special|corresponding|relevant|appropriate|different|various|several

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘relative, comparative’): from medieval Latin respectivus, from respect- ‘regarded, considered’, from the verb respicere (see respect), reinforced by French respectif, -ive .


word: RESPECTIVELY
russian_word: соответственно
example: they received sentences of one year and eight months respectively
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈspɛktɪvli
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɛktɪvli
definition:
separately or individually and in the order already mentioned (used when enumerating two or more items or facts that refer back to a previous statement).


word: RESPIRABLE
russian_word: вдыхаемый
example: a respirable atmosphere
definition: (of the air or a gas) able or fit to be breathed.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛsp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛsp(ə)rəb(ə)l|rɪˈspʌɪrəb(ə)l
origin:
late 18th century: from French respirable or late Latin respirabilis, from respirare ‘breathe out’ (see respire).


word: RESPIRATOR
russian_word: респиратор
example: for a time everyone had to work with respirators
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛspɪreɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛspɪreɪtə
definition:
an apparatus worn over the mouth and nose or the entire face to prevent the inhalation of dust, smoke, or other noxious substances.


word: RESPIRE
russian_word: дышать
example: he lay back, respiring deeply|the archduke, newly respiring from so long a war
definition: breathe.|recover hope, courage, or strength after a time of difficulty.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈspʌɪə
phonetics_text: rɪˈspʌɪə
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French respirer or Latin respirare ‘breathe out’, from re- ‘again’ + spirare ‘breathe’.


word: RESPITE
russian_word: передышка
example: the refugee encampments will provide some respite from the suffering
definition: a short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
origin: Middle English: from Old French respit, from Latin respectus ‘refuge, consideration’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛspʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛspʌɪt|ˈrɛspɪt
synonyms:
rest|break|breathing space|interval|intermission|interlude|recess|lull|pause|time out|hiatus|halt|stop|stoppage|cessation|discontinuation|standstill|relief|relaxation|repose|breather|let-up


word: RESPLENDENT
russian_word: блистательный
example: she was resplendent in a sea-green dress
definition: attractive and impressive through being richly colourful or sumptuous.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsplɛnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsplɛnd(ə)nt
synonyms:
splendid|magnificent|brilliant|dazzling|glittering|glowing|radiant|gorgeous|transcendent|impressive|imposing|spectacular|striking|stunning|glorious|superb|majestic|great|awe-inspiring|breathtaking|fine|splendiferous|splendacious|magnolious

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin resplendent- ‘shining out’, from the verb resplendere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + splendere ‘to glitter’.


word: RESPOND
russian_word: реагировать
example: she could not get Robert to respond to her words|she responded to his grin with a smile
definition: say something in reply.|(of a person) do something as a reaction to someone or something.
antonyms: ask|ignore
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈspɒnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒnd
synonyms:
answer|reply to|say something in response to|acknowledge|greet|counter|make a response|make a rejoinder|make a riposte|make reply|come back|say in response|reply|rejoin|retort|return|riposte|fling back|hurl back|retaliate

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Old French, from respondre ‘to answer’, from Latin respondere, from re- ‘again’ + spondere ‘to pledge’. The verb dates from the mid 16th century.


word: RESPONDENT
russian_word: ответчик
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rɪˈspɒnd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒnd(ə)nt
example:
most respondents to our questionnaire considered their practices to be in accordance with current medical guidelines

definition:
a party against whom a petition is filed, especially one in an appeal or a divorce case.|a person who replies to something, especially one supplying information for a questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.

origin:
early 16th century (in respondent (sense 2 of the noun)): from Latin respondent- ‘answering, offering in return’, from the verb respondere (see respond).


word: RESPONDER
russian_word: ответчик
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈspɒndə
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒndə
example:
the vast majority of responders indicated that the advertisement was believable|the change had already occurred in placebo responders at week one|these factors facilitated quick pathways for disaster responders

definition:
a person who replies to something, especially one supplying information for a questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.|a person who reacts quickly or positively to a stimulus or treatment.|a person trained to respond to and deal with emergencies.


word: RESPONSE
russian_word: ответ
definition: a verbal or written answer.|a reaction to something.
synonyms: reaction|reply|reciprocation|retaliation|feedback|comeback
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈspɒns
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒns
example:
there was laughter at his response to the question|an extended, jazzy piano solo drew the biggest response from the crowd

origin:
Middle English: from Old French respons or Latin responsum ‘something offered in return’, neuter past participle of respondere (see respond).


word: RESPONSIBILITY
russian_word: ответственность
synonyms: authority|control|power|leadership|management|influence|duty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlɪti
example:
a true leader takes responsibility for their team and helps them achieve goals|the group has claimed responsibility for a string of murders|we expect individuals to take on more responsibility

definition:
the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.|the state or fact of being accountable or to blame for something.|the opportunity or ability to act independently and take decisions without authorization.


word: RESPONSIBLE
russian_word: ответственный
antonyms: guiltless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə)l
example:
the cabinet minister responsible for Education|Gooch was responsible for 198 of his side's 542 runs|she had risen rapidly to a high and responsible position in the civil service

definition:
having an obligation to do something, or having control over or care for someone, as part of one's job or role.|being the primary cause of something and so able to be blamed or credited for it.|(of a job or position) involving important duties, independent decision-making, or control over others.

synonyms:
in charge of|in control of|at the helm of|accountable for|liable for|charged with|manage|oversee|superintend|supervise|conduct|run|look after|organize|produce|see to

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘answering to, corresponding’): from obsolete French responsible, from Latin respons- ‘answered, offered in return’, from the verb respondere (see respond).


word: RESPONSIBLY
russian_word: ответственно
definition: in a sensible or trustworthy manner.|in a way that relates to duty or responsibility.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈspɒnsəbli
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒnsəbli
example:
companies should act responsibly when it comes to virus alerts|the mayors are more responsibly concerned with employment than other public officials


word: RESPONSIVE
russian_word: отзывчивый
definition: reacting quickly and positively.|in response; answering.
antonyms: apathetic|insensitive
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈspɒnsɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒnsɪv
example:
a flexible service that is responsive to changing social patterns|I'm distracted by a nibble on my line: I jig it several times, but there is no responsive tug

synonyms:
quick to react|reactive|receptive|open to suggestions|amenable|flexible|accessible|approachable|forthcoming|sensitive|perceptive|sympathetic|well disposed|susceptible|impressionable|open|alive|awake|aware


word: RESPONSORY
russian_word: респонсорий
definition: (in the Christian Church) an anthem said or sung by a soloist and choir after a lesson.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈspɒns(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɪˈspɒns(ə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin responsorium, from Latin respons- ‘answered’ from the verb respondere (see respond).


word: RESSENTIMENT
russian_word: рессентимент
origin: via German (used by Nietzsche in this sense) from French ressentiment ‘feeling’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈsɒ̃tɪmɒ̃
phonetics_text: rəˈsɒ̃tɪmɒ̃
definition:
a psychological state resulting from suppressed feelings of envy and hatred which cannot be satisfied.


word: REST
russian_word: остальные
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɛst
phonetics_text: rɛst
example:
he needed to rest after the feverish activity|her elbow was resting on the arm of the sofa|the country's security rested on its alliances|the prosecution rests

definition:
cease work or movement in order to relax, sleep, or recover strength.|be placed or supported so as to stay in a specified position.|be based on; depend on.|conclude presentation of either party's case in a suit or prosecution.

synonyms:
relax|take a rest|ease up/off|let up|slow down|pause|have/take a break|unbend|repose|laze|idle|loaf|do nothing|take time off|slack off|unwind|recharge one's batteries|be at leisure|take it easy|sit back|sit down|stand down|lounge|luxuriate|loll|slump|flop|put one's feet up|lie down|go to bed|have/take a nap|nap|catnap|doze|have/take a siesta|drowse|sleep|de-stress|take five|have/take a breather|veg out|snooze|snatch forty winks|get some shut-eye|kip|have a kip|get some kip|chill out|kick back|catch some Zs|slumber

origin:
Old English ræst, rest (noun), ræstan, restan (verb), of Germanic origin, from a root meaning ‘league’ or ‘mile’ (referring to a distance after which one rests).


word: RESTAURANT
russian_word: ресторан
definition: a place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises.
synonyms: eating place|eating house|eatery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛst(ə)rɒnt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛst(ə)rɒnt|ˈrɛst(ə)r(ə)nt|ˈrɛst(ə)rɒ̃
origin:
early 19th century: from French, from restaurer ‘provide food for’ (literally ‘restore to a former state’).


word: RESTFUL
russian_word: спокойный
example: the rooms were cool and restful
definition: having a quiet and soothing quality.
antonyms: exciting|noisy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛs(t)fʊl
phonetics_text: ˈrɛs(t)fʊl|ˈrɛs(t)f(ə)l
synonyms:
relaxed|relaxing|quiet|calm|calming|tranquil|soothing|peaceful|placid|reposeful|comfortable|leisurely|easy-going|undisturbed|untroubled|unhurried


word: RESTHARROW
russian_word: стальника
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛstharəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛstharəʊ
definition:
a sticky Old World plant of the pea family, which has pink flowers and creeping woody stems with spines.

origin:
mid 16th century: from obsolete rest  ‘stop, arrest’ + harrow (because the tough stems impeded the progress of a harrow).


word: RESTITUTION
russian_word: реституция
antonyms: seizure|occupation
synonyms: return|restoration|handing back|replacement|surrender|yielding|recovery
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
example:
the ANC had demanded the restitution of land seized from black people|he was ordered to pay £6,000 in restitution|restitution of the damaged mucosa

definition:
the restoration of something lost or stolen to its proper owner.|recompense for injury or loss.|the restoration of something to its original state.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin restitutio(n- ), from restituere ‘restore’, from re- ‘again’ + statuere ‘establish’.


word: RESTIVE
russian_word: беспокойный
example: the crowd had been waiting for hours and many were becoming restive
antonyms: calm|biddable|peaceable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛstɪv
phonetics_text: ˈrɛstɪv
definition:
(of a person) unable to remain still, silent, or submissive, especially because of boredom or dissatisfaction.

synonyms:
restless|fidgety|edgy|on edge|tense|uneasy|ill at ease|worked up|nervous|agitated|anxious|on tenterhooks|keyed up|apprehensive|unquiet|impatient|nervy|jumpy|jittery|twitchy|uptight|wired|like a cat on a hot tin roof|like a cat on hot bricks|stressy|unruly|disorderly|out of control|uncontrollable|unmanageable|ungovernable|unbiddable|disobedient|defiant|up in arms|wilful|recalcitrant|refractory|insubordinate|disaffected|dissentious|riotous|rebellious|mutinous|seditious|insurgent|insurrectionary|insurrectionist|revolutionary|bolshie|contumacious

origin:
late 16th century: from Old French restif, -ive, from Latin restare ‘remain’. The original sense, ‘inclined to remain still’, has undergone a reversal; the association with the refractory movements of a horse gave rise to the current sense ‘restless’.


word: RESTLESS
russian_word: беспокойный
example: the audience grew restless and inattentive
definition: unable to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom.
antonyms: calm|peaceful
origin: Old English restlēas (see rest1, -less).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛs(t)ləs
phonetics_text: ˈrɛs(t)ləs
synonyms:
uneasy|ill at ease|restive|fidgety|edgy|on edge|tense|worked up|nervous|agitated|anxious|on tenterhooks|keyed up|apprehensive|unquiet|impatient|nervy|jumpy|jittery|twitchy|uptight|wired|like a cat on a hot tin roof|like a cat on hot bricks|stressy|sleepless|wakeful|insomniac|fitful|broken|disturbed|troubled|unsettled|uncomfortable|tossing and turning|watchful|insomnolent


word: RESTLESSNESS
russian_word: неугомонность
example: a feeling of restlessness was making it difficult to concentrate
definition: the inability to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom.
antonyms: calm|repose|sleep
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛstləsnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɛstləsnəs
synonyms:
unease|restiveness|fidgetiness|edginess|tenseness|nervousness|agitation|anxiety|fretfulness|discomposure|jitteriness|apprehension|unquietness|disquiet|disquietude|impatience|sleeplessness|insomnia|wakefulness|watchfulness


word: RESTORATION
russian_word: восстановление
example: the restoration of Andrew's sight
antonyms: neglect
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛstəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛstəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.|the return of a monarch to a throne, a head of state to government, or a regime to power.

synonyms:
repair|repairing|fixing|mending|refurbishment|reconditioning|rehabilitation|rebuilding|reconstruction|remodelling|redecoration|revamping|revamp|makeover|overhaul|redevelopment|renovation|modernization|updating|bringing up to date|upgrading|gentrification|updation|facelift|refurb|rehab

origin:
late 15th century (denoting the action of restoring to a former state): partly from Old French, partly an alteration of obsolete restauration (from late Latin restauratio(n- ), from the verb restaurare ), suggested by restore.


word: RESTORATIVE
russian_word: тонизирующий
example: the restorative power of long walks
origin: late Middle English: from an Old French variant of restauratif, -ive, from restorer (see restore).
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈstɒrətɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈstɒrətɪv
definition:
having the ability to restore health, strength, or well-being.|relating to the restoration of form or function to a damaged tooth or other part of the body.


word: RESTORER
russian_word: реставратор
example: an accomplished restorer of old furniture
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈstɔːrə
phonetics_text: rɪˈstɔːrə
definition:
a person who repairs or renovates a building, work of art, etc. so as to return it to its original condition.


word: RESTRAIN
russian_word: сдерживать
example: the need to restrain public expenditure
definition: prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep under control or within limits.
antonyms: force|compel|encourage
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈstreɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈstreɪn
synonyms:
prevent|stop|keep|hold back|hinder|impede|hamper|restrict|constrain|obstruct|hold|prohibit|ban|bar|disallow|interdict|forbid|veto|proscribe|enjoin

origin:
Middle English: from Old French restreign-, stem of restreindre, from Latin restringere, from re- ‘back’ + stringere ‘to tie, pull tight’.


word: RESTRAINED
russian_word: сдержанный
example: his restrained, gentlemanly voice
definition: characterized by reserve or moderation; unemotional or dispassionate.
antonyms: immoderate|emotional
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈstreɪnd
phonetics_text: rɪˈstreɪnd
synonyms:
self-controlled|controlled|self-restrained|moderate|not given to excesses|sober|steady|phlegmatic|unemotional|inhibited|undemonstrative|unassuming|quiet|calm|thoughtful|reticent|discreet|guarded


word: RESTRAINT
russian_word: сдержанность
antonyms: abandon|forwardness|outspokenness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈstreɪnt
phonetics_text: rɪˈstreɪnt
example:
decisions are made within the financial restraints of the budget|he urged the protestors to exercise restraint

definition:
a measure or condition that keeps someone or something under control.|unemotional, dispassionate, or moderate behaviour; self-control.

synonyms:
self-control|self-restraint|self-discipline|control|moderation|temperateness|abstemiousness|non-indulgence|prudence|judiciousness|reserve|self-possession|lack of emotion|sobriety|coldness|formality|aloofness|detachment|reticence|uncommunicativeness

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French restreinte, feminine past participle of restreindre ‘hold back’ (see restrain).


word: RESTRICT
russian_word: ограничивать
example: some roads may have to be closed at peak times to restrict the number of visitors
definition: put a limit on; keep under control.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈstrɪkt
phonetics_text: rɪˈstrɪkt
synonyms:
limit|set/impose limits on|keep within bounds|keep under control|regulate|control|moderate|cut down on

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin restrict- ‘confined, bound fast’, from the verb restringere (see restrain).


word: RESTRICTED
russian_word: ограниченный
example: Western scientists had only restricted access to the site
definition: limited in extent, number, scope, or action.
antonyms: roomy|unlimited|unrestricted
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈstrɪktɪd
phonetics_text: rɪˈstrɪktɪd
synonyms:
cramped|confined|constricted|small|narrow|compact|tight|poky|minimal|sparse|inadequate|strait|incommodious|limited|controlled|regulated|reduced|curbed|moderate|modest|deficient


word: RESTRICTION
russian_word: ограничение
example: planning restrictions on commercial development
definition: a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one.
synonyms: reduction|limitation|diminution|curtailment|cutback|cut|scaling down
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin restrictio(n- ), from restringere ‘bind fast, confine’ (see restrict).


word: RESTRICTIVE
russian_word: ограничительный
example: a web of restrictive regulations
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈstrɪktɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈstrɪktɪv
definition:
imposing restrictions on someone's activities or freedom.|(of a relative clause or descriptive phrase) serving to specify the particular instance or instances being mentioned.


word: RESTRING
russian_word: перенизать
example: the harpsichord was restrung in brass|she had to restring her pearls
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈstrɪŋ
phonetics_text: riːˈstrɪŋ
definition:
fit new or different strings to (a musical instrument or sports racket).|thread (objects such as beads) on a new string.


word: RESULT
russian_word: результат
example: the tower collapsed as a result of safety violations|the results are evaluated by the researcher
antonyms: cause
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈzʌlt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzʌlt
definition:
a thing that is caused or produced by something else; a consequence or outcome.|an item of information obtained by experiment or some other scientific method; a quantity or formula obtained by calculation.

synonyms:
consequence|outcome|upshot|out-turn|sequel|effect|reaction|repercussion|reverberation|ramification|end|conclusion|termination|culmination|corollary|concomitant|aftermath|footprint|fruit(s)|product|produce|by-product|solution|sequelae|pay-off|issue|success|verdict|decision|opinion|determination|judgement|adjudication|arbitration|findings|ruling|pronouncement|decree|settlement|order

origin:
late Middle English (as a verb): from medieval Latin resultare ‘to result’, earlier in the sense ‘spring back’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + saltare (frequentative of salire ‘to jump’). The noun dates from the early 17th century.


word: RESULTANT
russian_word: результирующий
example: restructuring and the resultant cost savings
definition: occurring or produced as a result of something.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈzʌlt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈzʌlt(ə)nt
origin:
mid 17th century (in the adjectival sense): from Latin resultant- ‘springing back’, from the verb resultare (see result). The noun sense dates from the early 19th century.


word: RESUME
russian_word: резюме
example: a day later normal service was resumed
definition: begin again or continue after a pause or interruption.
antonyms: suspend|abandon|leave
origin: late Middle English: from Old French resumer or Latin resumere, from re- ‘back’ + sumere ‘take’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈzjuːm
phonetics_text: rɪˈzjuːm
synonyms:
restart|recommence|begin again|start again|reopen|take up again|renew|reinstitute|return to|continue with|carry on with|proceed with|go on with|push on with|pick up where one left off|come back to|reoccupy|occupy again


word: RESUMPTION
russian_word: возобновление
example: with peace came the resumption of foreign imports|the resumption of royal lands
antonyms: suspension|abandonment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈzʊm(p)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈzʊm(p)ʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of beginning something again after a pause or interruption.|the action, on the part of the Crown or other authority, of reassuming possession of lands, rights, etc., previously granted to another.

synonyms:
restart|restarting|recommencement|reopening|reinstitution|continuation|carrying on|taking up again|renewal|return to

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘the action of reassuming possession of lands etc.’): from Old French resumption or late Latin resumptio(n- ), from Latin resumpt-, past participle of resumere (see resume).


word: RESUPINATE
russian_word: поворачиваться на спину
definition: (of a leaf, flower, fruiting body, etc.) upside down.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsuːpɪneɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsuːpɪneɪt
origin:
late 18th century: from Latin resupinatus ‘bent back’, past participle of resupinare, based on supinus ‘lying on the back’.


word: RESURFACE
russian_word: всплывать на поверхность
example: I helped my mother to resurface the kitchen floor|he resurfaced beside the boat
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈsəːfɪs
phonetics_text: riːˈsəːfɪs
definition:
put a new coating on or re-form (a surface, especially a road).|come back up to the surface of water.


word: RESURGENCE
russian_word: возрождение
example: a resurgence of interest in religion
definition: an increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈsəːdʒ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: rɪˈsəːdʒ(ə)ns
synonyms:
renewal|revival|recovery|rally|upturn|comeback|reinvigoration|reawakening|resurrection|reappearance|re-emergence|rejuvenation|regeneration|new birth|rebirth|renaissance|new dawn|new beginning|resumption|recommencement|continuation|re-establishment|risorgimento|renascence|recrudescence|rejuvenescence


word: RESURGENT
russian_word: возрождающийся
example: the nation's resurgent economy
definition: increasing or reviving after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt
origin:
early 19th century (earlier as a noun): from Latin resurgent- ‘rising again’, from the verb resurgere, from re- ‘again’ + surgere ‘to rise’.


word: RESURRECTION
russian_word: воскресение
example: the story of the resurrection of Osiris
definition: the action or fact of resurrecting or being resurrected.
synonyms: raising from the dead|restoration to life|rising from the dead|return from the dead
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛzəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛzəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin resurrectio(n- ), from the verb resurgere ‘rise again’ (see resurgent).


word: RESURRECTION MAN
russian_word: похититель трупов
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a person who illicitly retrieved corpses for dissection from rivers, scenes of disaster, or burial grounds.


word: RESUSCITATE
russian_word: оживлять
example: an ambulance crew tried to resuscitate him
definition: revive (someone) from unconsciousness or apparent death.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt
synonyms:
bring round|revive|bring back|bring (back) to life|bring back to consciousness|rescue|save|give artificial respiration to|give the kiss of life to|give cardiac massage to|defibrillate

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin resuscitat- ‘raised again’, from the verb resuscitare, from re- ‘back’ + suscitare ‘raise’.


word: RESVERATROL
russian_word: ресвератрол
origin: 1930s: blend of resin and veratrum (the plant from which the compound was first obtained) + -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛzˈvɛrətrɒl
phonetics_text: rɛzˈvɛrətrɒl
definition:
a polyphenol compound found in certain plants and in red wine that has antioxidant properties and has been investigated for possible anti-carcinogenic effects.


word: RETABLE
russian_word: ретабло
definition: a frame or shelf enclosing decorated panels or revered objects above and behind an altar.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈteɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈteɪb(ə)l
origin:
early 19th century: from French rétable, from Spanish retablo, from medieval Latin retrotabulum ‘rear table’, from Latin retro ‘backwards’ + tabula ‘table’.


word: RETAIL
russian_word: розничная торговля
example: the retail trade
part_of_speech: noun|adverb|verb
phonetic: ˈriːteɪl
phonetics_text: ˈriːteɪl
definition:
the sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale.

origin:
late Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French use of Old French retaille ‘a piece cut off’, from retaillier, from re- (expressing intensive force) + tailler ‘to cut’.


word: RETAILER
russian_word: розничный торговец
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːteɪlə
phonetics_text: ˈriːteɪlə
example:
the big supermarkets have forced many independent retailers out of business|as a writer I see myself as a retailer of Big Ideas

definition:
a person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale.|a person who relates the details of a story or incident to others.


word: RETAIN
russian_word: сохранять
antonyms: give up|lose|abolish|discontinue|alter
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈteɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈteɪn
example:
built in 1830, the house retains many of its original features|limestone is known to retain water|the successful design of a cartridge belt requires that the cartridges in it be properly located and retained in that position|he has been retained as a freelance

definition:
continue to have (something); keep possession of.|absorb and continue to hold (a substance).|keep (something) in place; hold fixed.|keep (someone) engaged in one's service.

synonyms:
keep|keep possession of|keep hold of|hold on to|hold fast to|keep back|hang on to|cling to|cleave to|maintain|continue|preserve|reserve|conserve|perpetuate|cherish

origin:
late Middle English: via Anglo-Norman French from Old French retenir, from Latin retinere, from re- ‘back’ + tenere ‘hold’.


word: RETAINER
russian_word: слуга
example: a guitar string retainer|he's on a retainer as a consultant|faithful family retainers
synonyms: retaining fee|fee|periodic payment|partial payment|deposit|advance|subscription|standing charge
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈteɪnə
phonetics_text: rɪˈteɪnə
definition:
a thing that holds something in place.|a fee paid in advance to someone, especially a barrister, in order to secure their services for use when required.|a servant, especially one who has worked for a person or family for a long time.


word: RETALIATE
russian_word: мстить
example: the blow stung and she retaliated immediately
definition: make an attack in return for a similar attack.
antonyms: turn the other cheek
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈtalɪeɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈtalɪeɪt
synonyms:
fight back|strike back|hit back|respond|react|reply|reciprocate|counterattack|return fire|return the compliment|put up a fight|take the bait|rise to the bait|return like for like|get back at someone|get|give tit for tat|give as good as one gets|let someone see how it feels|have/get/take one's revenge|take/exact/wreak revenge|be revenged|revenge oneself|avenge oneself|take reprisals|get even|even the score|settle a/the score|settle accounts|pay someone out|repay someone|exact retribution|give someone their comeuppance|get one's own back

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin retaliat- ‘returned in kind’, from the verb retaliare, from re- ‘back’ + talis ‘such’.


word: RETALIATION
russian_word: возмездие
example: the bombings are believed to be in retaliation for the trial of 15 suspects
definition: the action of returning a military attack; counter-attack.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌtalɪˈeɪʃn
phonetics_text: rɪˌtalɪˈeɪʃn
synonyms:
revenge|vengeance|reprisal|retribution|requital|recrimination|getting even|redress|repayment|payback|response|reaction|reply|reciprocation|counterattack|counterstroke|comeback|tit for tat|measure for measure|blow for blow|lex talionis|ultion|a Roland for an Oliver


word: RETARD
russian_word: тормозить
example: our progress was retarded by unforeseen difficulties
definition: delay or hold back in terms of progress or development.
antonyms: accelerate|expedite
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: late 15th century: from French retarder, from Latin retardare, from re- ‘back’ + tardus ‘slow’.
synonyms:
delay|slow down|slow up|hold back|set back|keep back|hold up|postpone|put back|detain|decelerate|put a brake on|hinder|hamper|obstruct|inhibit|impede|handicap|hamstring|curb|check|restrain|restrict|arrest|interfere with|interrupt|encumber|clog|stay|trammel|cumber


word: RETD
russian_word: возвратный
example: Capt. Edwin Richards, RN (retd)
part_of_speech: abbreviation
definition:
retired (used after the name of a retired armed forces officer or in recording that a sports player retired from a game).


word: RETENTION
russian_word: удержание
example: the soil's retention of moisture
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)n
definition:
the continued possession, use, or control of something.|the action of absorbing and continuing to hold a substance.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the power to retain something): from Old French, from Latin retentio(n- ), from retinere ‘hold back’ (see retain).


word: RETENTIVE
russian_word: сохраняющий
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈtɛntɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɛntɪv
example:
he had a highly retentive memory and was an accomplished speaker|soil should be rich and moisture retentive

definition:
(of a person's memory) effective in retaining facts and impressions.|(of a substance) able to absorb and hold moisture.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French retentif, -ive or medieval Latin retentivus, from retent- ‘held back’, from the verb retinere (see retain).


word: RETENTIVITY
russian_word: способность сохранять остаточный магнетизм
example: iron is easily magnetized but has low retentivity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːtɛnˈtɪvɪti
phonetics_text: ˌriːtɛnˈtɪvɪti
definition:
the ability of a substance to retain or resist magnetization, frequently measured as the strength of the magnetic field that remains in a sample after removal of an inducing field.


word: RETHINK
russian_word: пересмотреть
example: the government were forced to rethink their plans
part_of_speech: verb|noun
definition:
consider or assess (something, especially a course of action) again, especially in order to change it.


word: RETICENCE
russian_word: сдержанность
example: the traditional emotional reticence of the British
definition: the quality of being reticent; reserve.
antonyms: expansiveness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪs(ə)ns
synonyms:
reserve|introversion|restraint|inhibition|diffidence|shyness|modesty|distance|undemonstrativeness|uncommunicativeness|unresponsiveness|quietness|taciturnity|silence|secretiveness|secrecy


word: RETICENT
russian_word: сдержанный
example: she was extremely reticent about her personal affairs
definition: not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily.
antonyms: expansive|garrulous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪs(ə)nt
synonyms:
reserved|withdrawn|introverted|restrained|inhibited|diffident|shy|modest|unassuming|shrinking|distant|undemonstrative|wouldn't say boo to a goose|uncommunicative|unforthcoming|unresponsive|tight-lipped|close-mouthed|close-lipped|quiet|taciturn|silent|guarded|secretive|private|media-shy|mum

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin reticent- ‘remaining silent’, from the verb reticere, from re- (expressing intensive force) + tacere ‘be silent’.


word: RETICLE
russian_word: сетка
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin reticulum ‘net’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪk(ə)l
definition:
a series of fine lines or fibres in the eyepiece of an optical device, such as a telescope or microscope, or on the screen of an oscilloscope, used as a measuring scale or an aid in locating objects.


word: RETICULATION
russian_word: палетка
example: the fish should have a blue back with white reticulation|six kilometres of reticulation mains
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a pattern or arrangement of interlacing lines resembling a net.|a network of pipes used in irrigation and water supply.


word: RETICULE
russian_word: ридикюль
origin: early 18th century: from French réticule, from Latin reticulum (see reticulum).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪkjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪkjuːl
definition:
a woman's small handbag, typically having a drawstring and decorated with embroidery or beading.|variant spelling of reticle.


word: RETICULOCYTE
russian_word: ретикулоцит
origin: 1920s: from reticulated + -cyte.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtɪkjʊlə(ʊ)sʌɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɪkjʊlə(ʊ)sʌɪt
definition:
an immature red blood cell without a nucleus, having a granular or reticulated appearance when suitably stained.


word: RETICULUM
russian_word: сетка
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, diminutive of rete ‘net’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtɪkjʊləm
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɪkjʊləm
definition:
a fine network or netlike structure.|the second stomach of a ruminant, having a honeycomb-like structure, receiving food from the rumen and passing it to the omasum.


word: RETINA
russian_word: сетчатка
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin, from Latin rete ‘net’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪnə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪnə
definition:
a layer at the back of the eyeball that contains cells sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.


word: RETINOL
russian_word: ретинол
origin: 1960s: from retina + -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪnɒl
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪnɒl
definition:
a yellow compound found in green and yellow vegetables, egg yolk, and fish-liver oil. It is essential for growth and for vision in dim light.


word: RETINUE
russian_word: свита
example: the rock star's retinue of security guards and personal cooks
definition: a group of advisers, assistants, or others accompanying an important person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtɪnjuː
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtɪnjuː
synonyms:
entourage|escort|company|court|attendant company|staff|personnel|household|cortège|train|suite|following|bodyguard|aides|associates|members of court|companions|attendants|servants|retainers|followers|camp followers|hangers-on|groupies|rout

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French retenue, feminine past participle (used as a noun) of retenir ‘keep back, retain’.


word: RETIRE
russian_word: уходить в отставку
synonyms: give up work|stop working|stop work|reach retirement age
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈtʌɪə
phonetics_text: rɪˈtʌɪə
example:
he retired from the Navy in 1986|she retired into the bathroom|the debt is to be retired from state gaming-tax receipts

definition:
leave one's job and cease to work, typically on reaching the normal age for leaving service.|withdraw to or from a particular place.|withdraw (a bill or note) from circulation or currency.|pay off or cancel (a debt).

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘withdraw to a place of safety or seclusion’): from French retirer, from re- ‘back’ + tirer ‘draw’.


word: RETIRED
russian_word: в отставке
example: a retired headmaster|this retired corner of the world
definition: having left one's job and ceased to work.|(of a place) quiet and secluded.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈtʌɪəd
phonetics_text: rɪˈtʌɪəd
synonyms:
former|ex-|emeritus|past|in retirement|pensioned|pensioned off|superannuated|elderly|retired people|pensioners|old-age pensioners|OAPs|senior citizens|old people|the elderly|seniors|retirees|retirers|pensionaries


word: RETIREMENT
russian_word: отставка
example: a man nearing retirement|he lived in retirement in Kent
synonyms: giving up work|stopping working|stopping work|retiral
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtʌɪəm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈtʌɪəm(ə)nt
definition:
the action or fact of leaving one's job and ceasing to work.|the withdrawal of a jury from the courtroom to decide their verdict.|seclusion.


word: RETIRING
russian_word: скромный
example: a gentle, retiring person who avoided conflict
definition: shy and fond of being on one's own.
antonyms: bold|outgoing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈtʌɪərɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈtʌɪərɪŋ
synonyms:
shy|diffident|bashful|self-effacing|shrinking|unassuming|unassertive|reserved|reticent|quiet|timid|timorous|nervous|modest|demure|coy|meek|humble|private|secret|secretive|withdrawn|reclusive|media-shy|unsociable|seclusive|eremitic|eremitical|hermitic|anchoritic


word: RETORT
russian_word: реторта
example: ‘No need to be rude,’ retorted Isabel|it was now his time to retort the humiliation
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈtɔːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɔːt
definition:
say something in answer to a remark, typically in a sharp, angry, or witty manner.|repay (an insult or injury).

synonyms:
answer|reply|respond|say in response|acknowledge|return|counter|rejoin|riposte|retaliate|hurl back|fling back|snap back|round on someone|come back

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘hurl back an accusation or insult’): from Latin retort- ‘twisted back, cast back’, from the verb retorquere, from re- ‘in return’ + torquere ‘to twist’.


word: RETORTION
russian_word: реторсия
definition: (in international law) retaliation by a state on another's subjects.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtɔːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɔːʃ(ə)n
origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘bending or turning backwards’): from retort1, perhaps on the pattern of contortion .


word: RETOUCH
russian_word: ретушь
example: full-colour images can be retouched, enhanced, or colour-corrected
origin: late 17th century: probably from French retoucher .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈtʌtʃ
phonetics_text: riːˈtʌtʃ
definition:
improve or repair (a painting, photograph, or other image) by making slight additions or alterations.


word: RETRACT
russian_word: втягиваться
example: she retracted her hand as if she'd been burnt|he retracted his allegations
definition: draw back.|withdraw (a statement or accusation) as untrue or unjustified.
antonyms: assert|confirm
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈtrakt
phonetics_text: rɪˈtrakt
synonyms:
take back|withdraw|unsay|recant|disown|disavow|disclaim|abjure|repudiate|renounce|reverse|revoke|rescind|annul|cancel|go back on|backtrack on|do a U-turn on|row back on|eat one's words|do an about-turn on

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin retract- ‘drawn back’, from the verb retrahere (from re- ‘back’ + trahere ‘drag’); the senses ‘withdraw (a statement’) and ‘go back on’ via Old French from retractare ‘reconsider’ (based on trahere ‘drag’).


word: RETRACTION
russian_word: втягивание
example: prey are grasped between the jaws upon tongue retraction|he issued a retraction of his allegations
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtrakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈtrakʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of drawing something back or back in.|a withdrawal of a statement, accusation, or undertaking.


word: RETRANSMISSION
russian_word: ретрансляция
example: broadcasters may prohibit the retransmission of TV programmes by another company
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːtranzˈmɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌriːtranzˈmɪʃ(ə)n|ˌriːtrɑːnzˈmɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of transmitting data, a radio signal, or a broadcast programme again or on to another receiver.


word: RETREAT
russian_word: отступление
example: the French retreated in disarray
definition: (of an army) withdraw from enemy forces as a result of their superior power or after a defeat.
antonyms: advance|dig in
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈtriːt
phonetics_text: rɪˈtriːt
synonyms:
withdraw|retire|draw back|pull back|pull out|fall back|give way|give ground|recoil|flee|take flight|beat a retreat|beat a hasty retreat|run away|run off|make a run for it|run for it|make off|take off|take to one's heels|make a break for it|bolt|make a quick exit|clear out|make one's getaway|escape|head for the hills|beat it|vamoose|skedaddle|split|cut and run|show a clean pair of heels|turn tail|scram|hook it|fly the coop|skip off|do a fade|do a runner|scarper|do a bunk|leg it|light out|bug out|cut out|peel out|take a powder|skiddoo|go through|shoot through|fly|levant

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French retret (noun), retraiter (verb), from Latin retrahere ‘pull back’ (see retract).


word: RETRENCH
russian_word: экономить
example: as a result of the recession the company retrenched
definition: (of an organization or individual) reduce costs or spending in response to economic difficulty.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈtrɛn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: rɪˈtrɛn(t)ʃ
synonyms:
economize|cut back|make cutbacks|make savings|make economies|reduce expenditure|be economical|be sparing|be frugal|budget|tighten one's belt|husband one's resources|draw in one's horns|save|scrimp and save|cut corners

origin:
late 16th century (in the now formal usage): from obsolete French retrencher, variant of retrancher, from re- (expressing reversal) + trancher ‘to cut, slice’.


word: RETRIBUTION
russian_word: возмездие
example: employees asked not to be named, saying they feared retribution
definition: punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛtrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛtrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
punishment|penalty|nemesis|fate|doom|one's just deserts|due reward|just reward|wages|justice|retributive justice|poetic justice|judgement|reckoning|revenge|reprisal|requital|retaliation|payback|vengeance|tit for tat|measure for measure|redress|reparation|restitution|recompense|repayment|damages|satisfaction|remedy|comeback|atonement|amends|one's comeuppance|measure

origin:
late Middle English (also in the sense ‘recompense for merit or a service’): from late Latin retributio(n- ), from retribut- ‘assigned again’, from the verb retribuere, from re- ‘back’ + tribuere ‘assign’.


word: RETRIEVAL
russian_word: поиск
example: the investigation was completed after the retrieval of plane wreckage|online information retrieval
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈtriːvl
phonetics_text: rɪˈtriːvl
definition:
the process of getting something back from somewhere.|the action of obtaining or consulting material stored in a computer system.


word: RETRIEVE
russian_word: извлекать
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈtriːv
phonetics_text: rɪˈtriːv
example:
I was sent to retrieve the balls from his garden|other features include the ability to store, update, retrieve, and print your data|he made one last desperate attempt to retrieve the situation

definition:
get or bring (something) back from somewhere.|find or extract (information stored in a computer).|put right or improve (an unwelcome situation).

synonyms:
get back|recover|regain (possession of)|win back|recoup|reclaim|repossess|redeem|have returned|salvage|rescue|fetch|bring back|replevy|recuperate

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘find lost game’): from Old French retroeve-, stressed stem of retrover ‘find again’.


word: RETRO
russian_word: ретро
example: retro 60s fashions
definition: imitative of a style or fashion from the recent past.
origin: 1960s: from French rétro, abbreviation of rétrograde ‘retrograde’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtrəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtrəʊ
synonyms:
in period style|period|nostalgic|evocative|of yesteryear|olde worlde|dated|old-fashioned|backward-looking|retrogressive|out of date|passé


word: RETROFLEX
russian_word: ретрофлексивный
example: a retroflexed endoscope
definition: turned backwards.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛtrə(ʊ)flɛks
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtrə(ʊ)flɛks
origin:
late 18th century: from Latin retroflex- ‘bent backwards’, from the verb retroflectere, from retro ‘backwards’ + flectere ‘to bend’.


word: RETROGRADATION
russian_word: обратное движение
origin: mid 16th century: from late Latin retrogradation- (see retro-, gradation).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛtrəʊɡrəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛtrəʊɡrəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the apparent temporary reverse motion of a planet (from east to west), resulting from the relative orbital progress of the earth and the planet.


word: RETROGRADE
russian_word: ретроградный
antonyms: forward
synonyms: backward|backwards|reverse|rearward|directed backwards|retreating|retrogressive
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛtrəɡreɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtrəɡreɪd
example:
a retrograde flow|to go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step|the retrograde form of these inscriptions

definition:
directed or moving backwards.|reverting to an earlier and inferior condition.|(of the order of something) reversed; inverse.|(of a metamorphic change) resulting from a decrease in temperature or pressure.

origin:
late Middle English (as a term in astronomy): from Latin retrogradus, from retro ‘backwards’ + gradus ‘step’ (from gradi ‘to walk’).


word: RETROGRESSION
russian_word: регресс
example: a retrogression to 19th-century attitudes
origin: mid 17th century: from retro- ‘backwards’, on the pattern of progression .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrɛtrə(ʊ)ˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrɛtrə(ʊ)ˈɡrɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
the process of returning to an earlier state, typically a worse one.|another term for retrogradation.


word: RETRONYM
russian_word: ретроним
origin: 1980s: from retro- + -onym.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtrə(ʊ)nɪm
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtrə(ʊ)nɪm
definition:
a new term created from an existing word in order to distinguish the original referent of the existing word from a later one that is the product of progress or technological development (e.g. acoustic guitar for guitar ).


word: RETROROCKET
russian_word: тормозная ракета
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtrəʊrɒkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtrəʊrɒkɪt
definition:
a small auxiliary rocket on a spacecraft or missile, fired in the direction of travel to slow the craft down, for example when landing on the surface of a planet.


word: RETRORSE
russian_word: книзу
example: retrorse spines
definition: turned or pointing backwards.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈtrɔːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈtrɔːs
origin:
early 19th century: from Latin retrorsus, contraction of retroversus, from retro ‘backwards’ + versus ‘turned’ (past participle of vertere ).


word: RETROSPECTION
russian_word: ретроспекция
example: he was disinclined to indulge in retrospection
origin: mid 17th century: probably from retrospect (used as a verb).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛtrə(ʊ)ˈspɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛtrə(ʊ)ˈspɛkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of looking back on or reviewing past events or situations, especially those in one's own life.


word: RETROVIRUS
russian_word: ретровирус
origin: 1970s: modern Latin, from the initial letters of reverse transcriptase + virus.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtrəʊˌvʌɪrəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtrəʊˌvʌɪrəs
definition:
any of a group of RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g. HIV.


word: RETRY
russian_word: повторите
example: please retry with a valid module name
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːˈtrʌɪ
phonetics_text: riːˈtrʌɪ
definition:
try (a defendant or case) again.|re-enter a command, especially because an error was made the first time.


word: RETURN
russian_word: возвращение
antonyms: depart|set out
synonyms: go back|come back|get back|arrive back|arrive home|come home|come again
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈtəːn
phonetics_text: rɪˈtəːn
example:
he returned to America in the late autumn|complete the application form and return it to this address|the company returned a profit of £4.3 million|the city of Glasgow returned eleven Labour MPs

definition:
come or go back to a place or person.|give, put, or send (something) back to a place or person.|yield or make (a profit).|(of an electorate) elect (a person or party) to office.|continue (a wall) in a changed direction, especially at right angles.

origin:
Middle English: the verb from Old French returner, from Latin re- ‘back’ + tornare ‘to turn’; the noun via Anglo-Norman French.


word: REVAMP
russian_word: поправлять
example: an attempt to revamp the museum's image
definition: give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: riːˈvamp
phonetics_text: riːˈvamp
synonyms:
renovate|redecorate|refurbish|recondition|rehabilitate|rebuild|reconstruct|overhaul|make over|modernize|update|bring up to date|renew|improve|upgrade|refit|re-equip|refurnish|brighten up|freshen up|spruce up|remodel|refashion|redesign|restyle|rejig|rework|redo|remould|reorganize|bring up to code|do up|fix up|give something a facelift|vamp up|tart up|rehab


word: REVANCHE
russian_word: реванш
example: Sorel was no starry-eyed advocate of revanche in the decades following the defeat of 1871
origin: French, literally ‘revenge’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈvɑ̃ʃ
phonetics_text: rəˈvɑ̃ʃ
definition:
a policy or movement aimed at achieving the return of a nation's lost territory (frequently with reference to France's desire to regain Alsace–Lorraine after its annexation in the Franco-Prussian War).


word: REVEAL
russian_word: раскрывать
example: Brenda was forced to reveal Robbie's whereabouts
definition: make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others.
antonyms: hide|conceal
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈviːl
phonetics_text: rɪˈviːl
synonyms:
divulge|disclose|tell|let out|let slip|let drop|let fall|give away|give the game/show away|blurt (out)|babble|give out|release|leak|betray|open up|unveil|bring out into the open|go public on/with|make known|make public|broadcast|air|publicize|publish|circulate|disseminate|pass on|report|declare|post|communicate|impart|unfold|vouchsafe|confess|admit|lay bare|let on|spill|blab|let the cat out of the bag|dish the dirt|take/blow the lid off|blow wide open|come clean about|cough|blow the gaff|discover

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reveler or Latin revelare, from re- ‘again’ (expressing reversal) + velum ‘veil’.


word: REVEILLE
russian_word: побудка
example: reveille was at 0430 hours
definition: a signal sounded especially on a bugle or drum to wake personnel in the armed forces.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvali
phonetics_text: rɪˈvali
origin:
mid 17th century: from French réveillez! ‘wake up!’, imperative plural of réveiller, based on Latin vigilare ‘keep watch’.


word: REVEL
russian_word: упиваться
example: they spent the evening revelling with their guests
definition: enjoy oneself in a lively and noisy way, especially with drinking and dancing.
antonyms: mourn
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)l
synonyms:
celebrate|make merry|have a party|party|feast|eat|drink|and be merry|carouse|roister|have fun|have a good time|enjoy oneself|go on a spree|live it up|whoop it up|have a fling|have a ball|make whoopee|rave|paint the town red|push the boat out|spree

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reveler ‘rise up in rebellion’, from Latin rebellare ‘to rebel’.


word: REVELATION
russian_word: откровение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛvəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛvəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
example:
revelations about his personal life|an attempt to reconcile Darwinian theories with biblical revelation

definition:
a surprising and previously unknown fact that has been disclosed to others.|the divine or supernatural disclosure to humans of something relating to human existence.

synonyms:
disclosure|surprising fact|divulgence|declaration|utterance|announcement|report|news|leak|avowal|acknowledgement|admission|confession

origin:
Middle English (in the theological sense): from Old French, or from late Latin revelatio(n- ), from revelare ‘lay bare’ (see reveal1). Sense 1 dates from the mid 19th century.


word: REVELLER
russian_word: гуляка
example: drunken revellers brawled in the town centre in the early hours
definition: a person who is enjoying themselves in a lively and noisy way.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)lə
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)lə
synonyms:
merrymaker|partygoer|party animal|carouser|roisterer|good-time boy/girl|pleasure seeker|wassailer|celebrator|bacchanal|bacchant


word: REVELRY
russian_word: попойка
example: sounds of revelry issued into the night
definition: lively and noisy festivities, especially when these involve drinking a large amount of alcohol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛvlri
phonetics_text: ˈrɛvlri
synonyms:
celebration(s)|partying|parties|revels|festivity/festivities|jollification|merrymaking|carousing|carousal|roistering|debauchery|frolics|junketing


word: REVENANT
russian_word: привидение
example: he was three hundred years old, a terrible living revenant
definition: a person who has returned, especially supposedly from the dead.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)nənt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)nənt
origin:
early 19th century: French, literally ‘coming back’, present participle (used as a noun) of revenir .


word: REVENGE
russian_word: месть
example: other spurned wives have taken public revenge on their husbands
definition: the action of hurting or harming someone in return for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈvɛn(d)ʒ
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɛn(d)ʒ
synonyms:
vengeance|retribution|retaliation|reprisal|requital|recrimination|tit for tat|measure for measure|getting even|redress|satisfaction|repayment|payback|lex talionis|ultion

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French revencher, from late Latin revindicare, from re- (expressing intensive force) + vindicare ‘claim, avenge’.


word: REVENUE
russian_word: доход
example: traders have lost £10,000 in revenue since the traffic scheme was implemented
definition: income, especially when of an organization and of a substantial nature.
antonyms: outgoings|expenditure
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛvənjuː
phonetics_text: ˈrɛvənjuː
synonyms:
income|takings|receipts|proceeds|earnings|profit|profits|returns|return|rewards|yield|interest|gain|bunce

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French revenu(e ) ‘returned’, past participle (used as a noun) of revenir, from Latin revenire ‘return’, from re- ‘back’ + venire ‘come’.


word: REVERB
russian_word: реверберации
example: the best available Barios recording, despite reverb
origin: 1960s: abbreviation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːvəːb
phonetics_text: ˈriːvəːb|rɪˈvəːb
definition:
an effect whereby the sound produced by an amplifier or an amplified musical instrument is made to reverberate slightly.


word: REVERBERATE
russian_word: отражаться
definition: (of a loud noise) be repeated several times as an echo.|have continuing and serious effects.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvəːbəreɪt
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːbəreɪt
example:
her deep booming laugh reverberated around the room|the statements by the professor reverberated through the Capitol

synonyms:
resound|echo|re-echo|repeat|resonate|pulsate|vibrate|ring|peal|boom|rumble|roll|pound|thump|drum|thrum

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘drive or beat back’): from Latin reverberat- ‘struck again’, from the verb reverberare, from re- ‘back’ + verberare ‘to lash’ (from verbera (plural) ‘scourge’).


word: REVERBERATION
russian_word: реверберация
definition: prolongation of a sound; resonance.|a continuing effect; a repercussion.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˌvəːbəˈreɪʃn
phonetics_text: rɪˌvəːbəˈreɪʃn
example:
electronic effects have been added, such as echo and reverberation|the attack has had reverberations around the world

synonyms:
resonance|echo|echoing|re-echoing|resounding|pulsation|vibration|ringing|peal|boom|booming|rumble|rumbling|roll|pound|pounding|thump|thumping|drumming|thrumming|repercussions|ramifications|consequence|result|effect|upshot|outcome|out-turn|by-product|aftermath|fallout|footprint|backlash|ripple|shock wave


word: REVERBERATORY FURNACE
russian_word: отражательная печь
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a furnace in which the roof and walls are heated by flames and radiate heat on to material in the centre of the furnace.


word: REVERE
russian_word: почитать
example: Cézanne's still lifes were revered by his contemporaries
definition: feel deep respect or admiration for (something).
antonyms: despise
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvɪə
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɪə
synonyms:
respect|admire|think highly of|have a high opinion of|hold in high regard|esteem|hold in (high) esteem|think much of|approve of|appreciate|cherish|value|set (great) store by|prize|treasure|look up to|worship|pay homage to|venerate|reverence|adulate|hold in awe|idolize|put on a pedestal|lionize|hero-worship|honour|love

origin:
mid 17th century: from French révérer or Latin revereri, from re- (expressing intensive force) + vereri ‘to fear’.


word: REVERENCE
russian_word: благоговение
example: rituals showed honour and reverence for the dead
definition: deep respect for someone or something.
antonyms: scorn
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)ns
synonyms:
high esteem|high regard|great respect|acclaim|admiration|approbation|approval|appreciation|estimation|favour|recognition|worship|veneration|awe|homage|adoration|deference|honour|praise|liking|affection|love|dulia

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin reverentia, from revereri ‘stand in awe of’ (see revere).


word: REVEREND
russian_word: преподобный
example: the Reverend Pat Tilly
definition: used as a title or form of address to members of the clergy.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)nd
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)nd
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin reverendus ‘person to be revered’, gerundive of revereri (see revere).


word: REVERENT
russian_word: благоговейный
example: a reverent silence
definition: feeling or showing deep and solemn respect.
antonyms: irreverent|cheeky
origin: late Middle English: from Latin reverent- ‘revering’, from the verb revereri (see revere).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)r(ə)nt
synonyms:
respectful|reverential|worshipping|worshipful|adoring|loving|admiring|devoted|devout|dutiful|awed|deferential|submissive|humble|meek


word: REVERIE
russian_word: мечтательность
example: a knock on the door broke her reverie
definition: a state of being pleasantly lost in one's thoughts; a daydream.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛv(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrɛv(ə)ri
synonyms:
daydream|daydreaming|trance|fantasy|vision|fancy|hallucination|musing|inattention|inattentiveness|wool-gathering|preoccupation|obliviousness|engrossment|absorption|self-absorption|absent-mindedness|abstraction|lack of concentration|lack of application|dwam

origin:
early 17th century: from obsolete French resverie, from Old French reverie ‘rejoicing, revelry’, from rever ‘be delirious’, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: REVERSAL
russian_word: изменение
example: a dramatic reversal in population decline in the Alps|a black-and-white reversal kit
origin: late 15th century (as a legal term): from reverse + -al.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvəːs(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːs(ə)l
definition:
a change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.|direct production of a positive image from an exposed film or plate; direct reproduction of a positive or negative image.

synonyms:
turnaround|turnabout|about-face|volte-face|change of heart|U-turn|sea change|swing|shift|swerve|backtracking|rowback|turnround|about-turn|tergiversation|swap|exchange|change|swapping|trade|trading|interchange|transposition|inversion|alteration|changing|countermanding|undoing|setting aside|upsetting|overturning|overthrow|disallowing|overriding|overruling|veto|vetoing|repudiation|revocation|repeal|abrogation|cancellation|rescinding|rescindment|annulment|nullification|voiding|invalidation|negation|quashing|withdrawal|recanting|retraction|recall|rescission|disannulment


word: REVERSE
russian_word: обратный
antonyms: go forwards
synonyms: back|go back/backwards|drive back/backwards|move back/backwards|send back/backwards|back-pedal
part_of_speech: verb|adjective|noun
phonetic: rɪˈvəːs
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːs
example:
the lorry reversed into the back of a bus|the damage done to the ozone layer may be reversed|after completing a row of leaves or flowers I have reversed the pattern|their press ads had a headline reversed out of the illustration

definition:
move backwards.|make (something) the opposite of what it was.|turn (something) the other way round or up or inside out.|make (type or a design) appear as white in a block of solid colour or a half-tone.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French revers, reverse (nouns), reverser (verb), from Latin reversus ‘turned back’, past participle of revertere, from re- ‘back’ + vertere ‘to turn’.


word: REVERSIBLE
russian_word: обратимый
example: a reversible pushchair seat|potentially reversible forms of renal failure
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈvəːsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːsɪb(ə)l
definition:
able to be turned the other way round.|(of the effects of a process or condition) capable of being reversed so that the previous state or situation is restored.


word: REVERSION
russian_word: реверсия
example: there was some reversion to polytheism|the reversion of property
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːʃ(ə)n
definition:
a return to a previous state, practice, or belief.|the right, especially of the original owner or their heirs, to possess or succeed to property on the death of the present possessor or at the end of a lease.|a sum payable on a person's death, especially by way of life insurance.|an incurable disease of the blackcurrant transmitted by the blackcurrant gall mite.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the action of returning to or from a place): from Old French, or from Latin reversio(n- ), from revertere ‘turn back’ (see reverse).


word: REVERSIONARY
russian_word: обратный
example: she gifted 92 per cent of her estate to her daughter and grandsons as reversionary property
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈvəːʃənəri
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːʃənəri
definition:
relating to the right, especially of the original owner or their heirs, to possess or succeed to property on the death of the present possessor or at the end of a lease.


word: REVERT
russian_word: возвращаться
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
he reverted to his native language|we texted both Farah and Shirish, but neither of them reverted|on reverting our eyes, every step presented some new and admirable scene

definition:
return to (a previous state, practice, topic, etc.).|reply or respond to someone.|turn (one's eyes or steps) back.

synonyms:
return|go back|come back|change back|retrogress|regress|default|fall back into|relapse into|lapse into|drift back into|retrograde

phonetic:
Middle English: from Old French revertir or Latin revertere ‘turn back’. Early senses included ‘recover consciousness’ and ‘return to a position’.


word: REVERTER
russian_word: право на возврат
example: a possibility of reverter is retained by the grantor
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvəːtə
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːtə
definition:
the right, especially of the original owner or their heirs, to possess or succeed to property on the death of the present possessor or at the end of a lease.


word: REVERTIBLE
russian_word: возвратимый
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈvəːtɪbl
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəːtɪbl
example:
when considering a move to a new phone system it is wise to ask if the transition is revertible|the assignment of land revertible to the estate after the death of the widow

definition:
able to be returned to a previous state.|(of property) returning to the original owner or their heirs on the death of the present possessor or at the end of a lease.


word: REVET
russian_word: облицовывать
example: the steep slopes are revetted with drystone walling
definition: face (a rampart, wall, etc.) with masonry, especially in fortification.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvɛt
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɛt
origin:
early 19th century: from French revêtir, from late Latin revestire, from re- ‘again’ + vestire ‘clothe’ (from vestis ‘clothing’).


word: REVETMENT
russian_word: облицовка
origin: late 18th century: from French revêtement, from the verb revêtir (see revet).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvɛtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɛtm(ə)nt
definition:
(especially in fortification) a retaining wall or facing of masonry or other material, supporting or protecting a rampart, wall, etc.


word: REVIEW
russian_word: обзор
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈvjuː
phonetics_text: rɪˈvjuː
example:
a comprehensive review of UK defence policy|she released her debut solo album to rave reviews|he conducted a final review of his troops and spoke of his pride in having served in the US army|cue and review, which plays the tape backwards or forwards at high speed

definition:
a formal assessment of something with the intention of instituting change if necessary.|a critical appraisal of a book, play, film, etc. published in a newspaper or magazine.|a ceremonial display and formal inspection of military or naval forces, typically by a sovereign, commander-in-chief, or high-ranking visitor.|a facility for playing a tape recording during a fast wind or rewind, so that it can be stopped at a particular point.

synonyms:
analysis|evaluation|assessment|appraisal|examination|investigation|scrutiny|inquiry|exploration|probe|inspection|study|audit|anatomization

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun denoting a formal inspection of military or naval forces): from obsolete French reveue, from revoir ‘see again’.


word: REVIEWER
russian_word: рецензент
example: she's a reviewer for the Los Angeles Times|a rent reviewer
synonyms: critic|commentator|connoisseur|judge|observer|pundit|analyst|arbiter
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvjuːə
phonetics_text: rɪˈvjuːə
definition:
a person who writes critical appraisals of books, plays, films, etc. for publication.|a person who formally assesses something with a view to changing it if necessary.


word: REVILE
russian_word: поносить
example: he was now reviled by the party that he had helped to lead
definition: criticize in an abusive or angrily insulting manner.
antonyms: praise|extol
origin: Middle English: from Old French reviler, based on vil ‘vile’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvʌɪl
phonetics_text: rɪˈvʌɪl
synonyms:
criticize|censure|condemn|attack|inveigh against|rail against|lambast|flay|savage|brand|stigmatize|denounce|blacken someone's reputation|defame|smear|slander|libel|traduce|cast aspersions on|cast a slur on|malign|vilify|calumniate|besmirch|run down|abuse|knock|slam|pan|bash|take to pieces|take apart|crucify|hammer|lay into|roast|skewer|bad-mouth|slate|rubbish|slag off|monster|pummel|bag|vituperate against|excoriate


word: REVISE
russian_word: пересматривать
example: the book was published in 1960 and revised in 1968|students frantically revising for exams
antonyms: preserve
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈvʌɪz
phonetics_text: rɪˈvʌɪz
definition:
examine and make corrections or alterations to (written or printed matter).|reread work done previously to improve one's knowledge of a subject, typically to prepare for an examination.

synonyms:
amend|emend|correct|alter|change|adapt|edit|copy-edit|rewrite|redraft|rescript|recast|rephrase|rework|update|revamp

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘look again or repeatedly (at)’): from French réviser ‘look at’, or Latin revisere ‘look at again’, from re- ‘again’ + visere (intensive form of videre ‘to see’).


word: REVISION
russian_word: пересмотр
example: the scheme needs drastic revision
definition: the action of revising.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
emendation|correction|alteration|changing|adaptation|editing|copy-editing|rewriting|redrafting|recasting|rephrasing|reworking|updating|revamping|updation|reconsideration|review|re-examination|reassessment|re-evaluation|reappraisal|rethinking|rethink|thinking over|change|modification


word: REVISIONISM
russian_word: ревизионизм
example: the political controversies over Yugoslav revisionism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
a policy of revision or modification, especially of Marxism on evolutionary socialist (rather than revolutionary) or pluralist principles.


word: REVITALIZE
russian_word: оживлять
example: a package of spending cuts to revitalize the economy
definition: imbue (something) with new life and vitality.
antonyms: depress
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈvʌɪt(ə)lʌɪz
phonetics_text: riːˈvʌɪt(ə)lʌɪz
synonyms:
reinvigorate|re-energize|brace|fortify|strengthen|give new strength to|give a boost to|build up|bolster|prop up|help|renew|regenerate|restore|revive|revivify|rejuvenate|reanimate|resuscitate|refresh|reawaken|rekindle|put new life into|breathe new life into|enliven|stimulate|put some spark into|kick-start|uplift|give a shot in the arm to|pep up|buck up|get going again


word: REVIVAL
russian_word: возрождение
example: a revival in the fortunes of the party|cross-country skiing is enjoying a revival
antonyms: downturn
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvʌɪv(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈvʌɪv(ə)l
definition:
an improvement in the condition, strength, or fortunes of someone or something.|an instance of something becoming popular, active, or important again.

synonyms:
improvement|rallying|picking up|betterment|amelioration|turn for the better|advance|rally|upturn|upswing|comeback|resurgence|renewal


word: REVIVE
russian_word: возрождать
example: both men collapsed, but were revived
definition: restore to life or consciousness.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvʌɪv
phonetics_text: rɪˈvʌɪv
synonyms:
resuscitate|bring round|bring to life|bring back|bring back to consciousness|rescue|save|give artificial respiration to|give the kiss of life to|give cardiac massage to|defibrillate|regain consciousness|recover consciousness|come round|come to life|come to one's senses|recover|awake|wake up

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French revivre or late Latin revivere, from Latin re- ‘back’ + vivere ‘live’.


word: REVOKE
russian_word: аннулировать
example: the men appealed and the sentence was revoked
antonyms: introduce|enact|ratify
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvəʊk
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəʊk
definition:
officially cancel (a decree, decision, or promise).|(in bridge, whist, and other card games) fail to follow suit despite being able to do so.

synonyms:
cancel|repeal|rescind|reverse|abrogate|annul|nullify|declare null and void|make void|void|invalidate|render invalid|quash|abolish|set aside|countermand|retract|withdraw|overrule|override|vacate|avoid|recall|disannul

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French revoquer or Latin revocare, from re- ‘back’ + vocare ‘to call’.


word: REVOLT
russian_word: восстание
example: the Iceni revolted and had to be suppressed|he was revolted by the stench that greeted him
definition: take violent action against an established government or ruler; rebel.|cause to feel disgust.
antonyms: attractive|pleasant
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪˈvəʊlt
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəʊlt
synonyms:
rebel|rise up|rise|take to the streets|take up arms|riot|mutiny|take part in an uprising|show resistance|resist/oppose authority|disobey/defy authority|refuse to obey orders|be insubordinate

origin:
mid 16th century: from French révolte (noun), révolter (verb), from Italian rivoltare, based on Latin revolvere ‘roll back’ (see revolve).


word: REVOLTED
russian_word: восстали
definition: disgusted.|having rebelled.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈvəʊltɪd
phonetics_text: rɪˈvəʊltɪd
example:
she replied to the statement with a revolted look on her face|the emperor was leading an expedition against the revolted Bretons


word: REVOLUTION
russian_word: революция
example: the country has had a socialist revolution|one revolution a second
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n
definition:
a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system.|an instance of revolving.

synonyms:
rebellion|revolt|insurrection|mutiny|uprising|riot|rioting|rising|insurgence|insurgency|coup|overthrow|seizure of power|regime change|subversion|sedition|anarchy|disorder|protest|strike|act of resistance|act of defiance|coup d'état|putsch|jacquerie

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin revolutio(n- ), from revolvere ‘roll back’ (see revolve).


word: REVOLUTIONARY
russian_word: революционный
example: a revolutionary new drug|the revolutionary army
definition: involving or causing a complete or dramatic change.|engaged in or promoting political revolution.
antonyms: conventional|orthodox
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n(ə)ri
synonyms:
thoroughgoing|thorough|complete|total|entire|absolute|utter|comprehensive|exhaustive|sweeping|far-reaching|wide-ranging|extensive|profound|drastic|severe|serious|major|desperate|stringent|violent|forceful|rigorous|draconian|new|novel|original|unusual|unfamiliar|unconventional|unorthodox|off-centre|different|fresh|imaginative|creative|innovative|innovatory|innovational|inventive|ingenious|modern|ultra-modern|state-of-the-art|advanced|avant-garde|futuristic|pioneering|groundbreaking|trailblazing|disruptive|rare|unique|singular|unprecedented|uncommon|experimental|untested|untried|unknown|surprising|strange|exotic|out of the ordinary|newfangled|left-field|unhackneyed|new-fashioned|neoteric


word: REVOLUTIONIZE
russian_word: революционизировать
example: this fabulous new theory will revolutionize the whole of science
definition: change (something) radically or fundamentally.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)nʌɪz
phonetics_text: rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)nʌɪz
synonyms:
transform|alter dramatically|transfigure|make far-reaching changes in|shake up|stir up|turn upside down|restructure|reorganize|rejig|reform|recast|reshape|remould|transmute|metamorphose|transmogrify


word: REVOLVE
russian_word: вращаться
example: overhead, the fan revolved slowly
definition: move in a circle on a central axis.
synonyms: go round|turn round|rotate|spin|whirl|pirouette|wheel
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪˈvɒlv
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɒlv
origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘turn (the eyes) back’, ‘restore’, ‘consider’): from Latin revolvere, from re- ‘back’ (also expressing intensive force) + volvere ‘roll’.


word: REVOLVER
russian_word: револьвер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvɒlvə
phonetics_text: rɪˈvɒlvə
definition:
a pistol with revolving chambers enabling several shots to be fired without reloading.|an agreement to provide revolving credit.


word: REVUE
russian_word: ревю
origin: French, literally ‘review’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvjuː
phonetics_text: rɪˈvjuː
definition:
a light theatrical entertainment consisting of a series of short sketches, songs, and dances, typically dealing satirically with topical issues.


word: REVULSION
russian_word: отвращение
example: news of the attack will be met with sorrow and revulsion
antonyms: delight|liking
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈvʌlʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rɪˈvʌlʃ(ə)n
definition:
a sense of disgust and loathing.|the drawing of disease or blood congestion from one part of the body to another, e.g. by counterirritation.

synonyms:
disgust|repulsion|abhorrence|repugnance|nausea|loathing|horror|hatred|detestation|aversion|abomination|distaste|antipathy|dislike|contempt|odium|yuck factor|disrelish|repellency|repellence

origin:
mid 16th century (in revulsion (sense 2)): from French, or from Latin revulsio(n- ), from revuls- ‘torn out’, from the verb revellere (from re- ‘back’ + vellere ‘pull’). revulsion (sense 1) dates from the early 19th century.


word: REWARD
russian_word: награда
example: the holiday was a reward for 40 years' service with the company
definition: a thing given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈwɔːd
phonetics_text: rɪˈwɔːd
synonyms:
recompense|prize|prize money|winnings|purse|award|honour|decoration|profit|advantage|benefit|bonus|plus|premium|bounty|price|present|gift|tip|gratuity|inducement|carrot|payment|consideration|return|requital|pay-off|cut|perk|perquisite|guerdon|meed

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, variant of Old French reguard ‘regard, heed’, also an early sense of the English word.


word: REWARDING
russian_word: награждение
example: skiing can be hugely rewarding
definition: providing satisfaction; gratifying.
antonyms: unrewarding
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ
synonyms:
satisfying|gratifying|pleasing|fulfilling|enriching|edifying|beneficial|illuminating|informative|worthwhile|advantageous|productive|fruitful|valuable


word: REWORD
russian_word: менять формулировку
example: there is a sound reason for rewording that clause
definition: put (something) into different words.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: riːˈwəːd
phonetics_text: riːˈwəːd
synonyms:
rewrite|rephrase|recast|put differently|put another way|put in other words|express differently|redraft|rework|revise|rescript|edit|paraphrase


word: REX
russian_word: рекс
origin: Latin, literally ‘king’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɛks
phonetics_text: rɛks
definition:
the reigning king (used following a name or in the titles of lawsuits, e.g. Rex v. Jones : the Crown versus Jones).


word: REZONING
russian_word: зонирования
example: the possible rezoning of some 800 acres of land
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: riːˈzəʊnɪŋ
phonetics_text: riːˈzəʊnɪŋ
definition:
the action or process of assigning land or property to a different category of restrictions on use and development.


word: RHAMNOSE
russian_word: рамноза
origin: late 19th century: from modern Latin Rhamnus (genus name) + -ose2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈramnəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈramnəʊz|ˈramnəʊs
definition:
a sugar of the hexose class which occurs widely in plants, especially in berries of the common buckthorn.


word: RHAPSODE
russian_word: рапсод
origin: from Greek rhapsōidos, from rhapsōidia (see rhapsody).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrapsəʊd
phonetics_text: ˈrapsəʊd
definition:
a person who recites epic poems, especially one of a group in ancient Greece whose profession it was to recite the Homeric poems.


word: RHAPSODIST
russian_word: рапсод
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrapsədɪst
phonetics_text: ˈrapsədɪst
definition:
a person who speaks or writes about someone or something with great enthusiasm and delight.|another term for rhapsode.


word: RHAPSODY
russian_word: рапсодия
example: rhapsodies of praise
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrapsədi
phonetics_text: ˈrapsədi
definition:
an effusively enthusiastic or ecstatic expression of feeling.|(in ancient Greece) an epic poem, or part of a poem, of a suitable length for recitation at one time.

origin:
mid 16th century (in rhapsody (sense 2)): via Latin from Greek rhapsōidia, from rhaptein ‘to stitch’ + ōidē ‘song, ode’.


word: RHEA
russian_word: Рея
origin: early 19th century: modern Latin (genus name), from the name of the Titan Rhea.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːə
phonetics_text: ˈriːə
definition:
a large flightless bird of South American grasslands, resembling a small ostrich with greyish-brown plumage.


word: RHENISH
russian_word: рейнвейн
definition: of the Rhine and the regions adjoining it.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɛnɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrɛnɪʃ
origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French reneis, from a medieval Latin alteration of Latin Rhenanus, from Rhenus ‘Rhine’.


word: RHENIUM
russian_word: рений
origin: 1920s: modern Latin, from Rhenus, the Latin name of the River Rhine.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːnɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈriːnɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 75, a rare silvery-white metal which occurs in trace amounts in ores of molybdenum and other metals.


word: RHEOLOGY
russian_word: реология
origin: 1920s: from Greek rheos ‘stream’ + -logy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈɒlədʒi
phonetics_text: rɪˈɒlədʒi
definition:
the branch of physics that deals with the deformation and flow of matter, especially the non-Newtonian flow of liquids and the plastic flow of solids.


word: RHETORIC
russian_word: риторика
example: he is using a common figure of rhetoric, hyperbole
synonyms: oratory|eloquence|power of speech|command of language|expression|way with words|delivery|diction
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɛtərɪk
phonetics_text: ˈrɛtərɪk
definition:
the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French rethorique, via Latin from Greek rhētorikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of rhetoric’, from rhētōr ‘rhetor’.


word: RHETORICAL
russian_word: риторический
example: repetition is a common rhetorical device|the general intended his question to be purely rhetorical
synonyms: stylistic|oratorical|linguistic|verbal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈtɒrɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɒrɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to or concerned with the art of rhetoric.|(of a question) asked in order to produce an effect or to make a statement rather than to elicit information.

origin:
late Middle English (first used in the sense ‘eloquently expressed’): via Latin from Greek rhētorikos (from rhētor ‘rhetor’) + -al.


word: RHETORICALLY
russian_word: риторически
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: rɪˈtɒrɪkli
phonetics_text: rɪˈtɒrɪkli
example:
in the modern world, everyone rhetorically embraces democracy|‘Did you really think I would just go away?’ he asked rhetorically

definition:
in terms of rhetoric or speech intended to impress or persuade.|(with reference to a question) with the aim of producing an effect or making a statement rather than eliciting information.


word: RHEUM
russian_word: насморк
definition: a watery fluid that collects in or drips from the nose or eyes.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːm
phonetics_text: ruːm
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French reume, via Latin from Greek rheuma ‘stream’ (from rhein ‘to flow’).


word: RHEUMATIC
russian_word: ревматический
example: rheumatic pains
definition: relating to or caused by rheumatism.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rʊˈmatɪk
phonetics_text: rʊˈmatɪk
origin:
late Middle English (originally referring to infection characterized by rheum): from Old French reumatique, or via Latin from Greek rheumatikos, from rheuma ‘bodily humour, flow’ (see rheum).


word: RHEUMATISM
russian_word: ревматизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːmətɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈruːmətɪz(ə)m
definition:
any disease marked by inflammation and pain in the joints, muscles, or fibrous tissue, especially rheumatoid arthritis.

origin:
late 17th century: from French rhumatisme, or via Latin from Greek rheumatismos, from rheumatizein ‘to snuffle’, from rheuma ‘stream’: the disease was originally supposed to be caused by the internal flow of ‘watery’ humours.


word: RHINITIS
russian_word: ринит
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɪˈnʌɪtɪs
phonetics_text: rʌɪˈnʌɪtɪs|rɪˈnʌɪtɪs
definition:
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, caused by a virus infection (e.g. the common cold) or by an allergic reaction (e.g. hay fever).


word: RHINOCEROS
russian_word: носорог
origin: Middle English: via Latin from Greek rhinokerōs, from rhis, rhin- ‘nose’ + keras ‘horn’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɪˈnɒs(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: rʌɪˈnɒs(ə)rəs
definition:
a large, heavily built plant-eating mammal with one or two horns on the nose and thick folded skin, native to Africa and southern Asia. All kinds have become endangered through hunting.


word: RHIZOBIUM
russian_word: ризобиального
origin: 1920s: modern Latin, from rhizo- ‘root’ + Greek bios ‘life’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɪˈzəʊbɪəm
phonetics_text: rʌɪˈzəʊbɪəm
definition:
a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that is common in the soil, especially in the root nodules of leguminous plants.


word: RHIZOID
russian_word: корневидный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪzɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪzɔɪd
definition:
a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus in some lower plants, especially mosses and liverworts, serving both to anchor the plant and (in terrestrial forms) to conduct water.


word: RHIZOME
russian_word: корневище
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek rhizōma, from rhizousthai ‘take root’, based on rhiza ‘root’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪzəʊm
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪzəʊm
definition:
a continuously growing horizontal underground stem which puts out lateral shoots and adventitious roots at intervals.


word: RHIZOSPHERE
russian_word: ризосфера
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪzə(ʊ)ˌsfiːə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪzə(ʊ)ˌsfiːə
definition:
the region of soil in the vicinity of plant roots in which the chemistry and microbiology is influenced by their growth, respiration, and nutrient exchange.


word: RHO
russian_word: ро
origin: Greek.
part_of_speech: noun|symbol
phonetic: rəʊ
phonetics_text: rəʊ
definition:
the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Ρ, ρ ), transliterated as ‘r’ or (when written with a rough breathing) ‘rh’.


word: RHODIUM
russian_word: родий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊdɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 45, a hard silvery-white metal of the transition series, typically occurring in association with platinum.

origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek rhodon ‘rose’ (from the colour of the solution of its salts).


word: RHODOCHROSITE
russian_word: родохрозит
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek rhodokhrōs ‘rose-coloured’ + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrəʊdə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊsʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˌrəʊdə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊsʌɪt
definition:
a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate, typically occurring as pink, brown, or grey rhombohedral crystals.


word: RHODODENDRON
russian_word: рододендрон
origin: via Latin from Greek, from rhodon ‘rose’ + dendron ‘tree’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrəʊdəˈdɛndr(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌrəʊdəˈdɛndr(ə)n
definition:
a shrub or small tree of the heather family, with large clusters of bell-shaped flowers and typically with large evergreen leaves, widely grown as an ornamental.


word: RHOMBOID
russian_word: ромбовидный
example: a rhomboid prism
definition: having or resembling the shape of a rhombus.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɒmbɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrɒmbɔɪd
origin:
late 16th century (as a noun): from French rhomboïde, or via late Latin from Greek rhomboeidēs, from rhombos (see rhombus).


word: RHUBARB
russian_word: ревень
example: rhubarb pie|rhubarbs often broke out among these less than professional players
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːbɑːb
phonetics_text: ˈruːbɑːb
definition:
the thick reddish or green leaf stalks of a cultivated plant of the dock family, which are eaten as a fruit after cooking.|the large-leaved Eurasian plant which produces rhubarb.|the noise made by a group of actors to give the impression of indistinct background conversation, especially by the random repetition of the word ‘rhubarb’.|a heated dispute.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the rootstock of other plants of this genus used medicinally): from Old French reubarbe, from a shortening of medieval Latin rheubarbarum, alteration (by association with rheum ‘rhubarb’) of rhabarbarum ‘foreign rhubarb’, from Greek rha (also meaning ‘rhubarb’) + barbaros ‘foreign’.


word: RHUMB
russian_word: румб
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌm
phonetics_text: rʌm
definition:
an imaginary line on the earth's surface cutting all meridians at the same angle, used as the standard method of plotting a ship's course on a chart.|any of the 32 points of the compass.

origin:
late 16th century: from French rumb (earlier ryn (de vent ) ‘point of the compass’), probably from Dutch ruim ‘space, room’. The spelling change was due to association with Latin rhombus (see rhombus).


word: RHYME
russian_word: рифма
example: poetic features such as rhythm, rhyme, and alliteration
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rʌɪm
phonetics_text: rʌɪm
definition:
correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.

origin:
Middle English rime, from Old French, from medieval Latin rithmus, via Latin from Greek rhuthmos (see rhythm). The current spelling was introduced in the early 17th century under the influence of rhythm .


word: RHYMING
russian_word: рифмующий
example: pick a word such as 'pack', and then think of several rhyming words, such as 'stack' or 'sack'
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌɪmɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪmɪŋ
definition:
(of a word, syllable, or line) having or ending with an identical or corresponding sound to another.


word: RHYTHM
russian_word: ритм
synonyms: pattern|flow|tempo|regular features|recurrent nature
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪð(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈrɪð(ə)m
example:
Ruth listened to the rhythm of his breathing|the rhythm, pattern, and cadence of words|the twice daily rhythms of the tides

definition:
a strong, regular repeated pattern of movement or sound.|the measured flow of words and phrases in verse or prose as determined by the relation of long and short or stressed and unstressed syllables.|a regularly recurring sequence of events or processes.

origin:
mid 16th century (also originally in the sense ‘rhyme’): from French rhythme, or via Latin from Greek rhuthmos (related to rhein ‘to flow’).


word: RHYTHMIC
russian_word: ритмичный
example: a rhythmic dance|there are rhythmic changes in our bodies
definition: having or relating to rhythm.|occurring regularly.
antonyms: smooth|irregular
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪðmɪk
phonetics_text: ˈrɪðmɪk
synonyms:
pulsing|with a steady pulse|rhythmical|metrical|measured|throbbing|beating|pulsating|cadenced|lilting|repeated|periodic|regular|steady|even|paced

origin:
early 17th century: from French rhythmique or via Latin from Greek rhuthmikos, from rhuthmos (see rhythm).


word: RHYTON
russian_word: ритон
origin: from Greek rhuton, neuter of rhutos ‘flowing’; related to rhein ‘to flow’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪtɒn
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪtɒn|ˈrɪtɒn
definition:
a type of drinking container used in ancient Greece, typically having the form of an animal's head or a horn, with the hole for drinking from located at the lower or pointed end.


word: RIAL
russian_word: риал
origin: via Persian from Arabic riyāl, from Spanish real ‘royal’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːɑːl
phonetics_text: ˈriːɑːl
definition:
the basic monetary unit of Iran and Oman, equal to 100 dinars in Iran and 1,000 baiza in Oman.|the basic monetary unit of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Yemen, equal to 100 halala in Saudi Arabia, 100 dirhams in Qatar, and 100 fils in Yemen.


word: RIB
russian_word: ребро
example: he had several broken ribs|a spinach-type leaf with red ribs|knit twenty rows of rib
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪb
phonetics_text: rɪb
definition:
each of a series of slender curved bones articulated in pairs to the spine (twelve pairs in humans), protecting the thoracic cavity and its organs.|a long raised piece of strengthening or supporting material.|a vein of a leaf or an insect's wing.|a combination of alternate plain and purl stitches producing a ridged, slightly elastic fabric.

origin:
Old English rib, ribb (noun), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rib(be ) and German Rippe . Sense 1 of the verb dates from the mid 16th century; the sense ‘tease’ was originally a US slang usage meaning ‘to fool, dupe’ (1930s).


word: RIBALD
russian_word: непристойный
example: a ribald comment
definition: referring to sexual matters in an amusingly coarse or irreverent way.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪb(ə)ld
phonetics_text: ˈrɪb(ə)ld|ˈrʌɪbɔːld
synonyms:
bawdy|indecent|risqué|rude|racy|broad|earthy|Rabelaisian|spicy|suggestive|titillating|improper|naughty|indelicate|indecorous|off colour|locker-room|vulgar|dirty|filthy|smutty|crude|offensive|salacious|coarse|obscene|lewd|pornographic|X-rated|blue|raunchy|fruity|near the knuckle|saucy|gamy|adult

origin:
Middle English (as a noun denoting a lowly retainer or a licentious or irreverent person): from Old French ribauld, from riber ‘indulge in licentious pleasures’, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prostitute’.


word: RIBALDRY
russian_word: сквернословие
example: the buffoonery and ribaldry in Shakespeare's comedies
definition: amusingly coarse or irreverent talk or behaviour.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪb(ə)ldri
phonetics_text: ˈrɪb(ə)ldri
synonyms:
bawdy remarks/jokes/songs|bawdiness|indecency|rudeness|raciness|broadness|earthiness|spiciness|suggestiveness|titillation|impropriety|naughtiness|indelicacy|indecorousness|obscenity|vulgarity|dirt|filth|filthiness|smut|smuttiness|crudeness|salaciousness|coarseness|lewdness|pornography|blueness|raunchiness|fruitiness|sauciness|bawdry|salacity


word: RIBBED
russian_word: ребристый
example: a ribbed cashmere sweater|the nave and choir have the usual Gothic ribbed vault
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪbd
phonetics_text: rɪbd
definition:
(especially of a fabric or garment) having a pattern of raised bands.|(of a vault or other structure) strengthened with ribs.


word: RIBBING
russian_word: ребра
definition: a riblike structure or pattern.|good-natured teasing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪbɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɪbɪŋ
example:
a fleecy sweatshirt with ribbing at neck, cuffs, and hem|he took a good deal of ribbing with the utmost good humour


word: RIBBON
russian_word: лента
example: the tiny pink ribbons in her hair|slice the peppers into ribbons lengthways
definition: a long, narrow strip of fabric, used for tying something or for decoration.|a long, narrow strip.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɪb(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈrɪb(ə)n
origin:
early 16th century: variant of riband. The French spelling ruban was also frequent in the 16th–18th centuries.


word: RIBOFLAVIN
russian_word: рибофлавин
origin: 1930s: from ribose + Latin flavus ‘yellow’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrʌɪbə(ʊ)ˈfleɪvɪn
phonetics_text: ˌrʌɪbə(ʊ)ˈfleɪvɪn
definition:
a yellow vitamin of the B complex which is essential for metabolic energy production. It is present in many foods, especially milk, liver, eggs, and green vegetables, and is also synthesized by the intestinal flora.


word: RIBOSE
russian_word: рибоза
origin: late 19th century: arbitrary alteration of arabinose, a related sugar.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪbəʊz
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪbəʊz|ˈrʌɪbəʊs
definition:
a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.


word: RIBOSOME
russian_word: рибосома
origin: 1950s: from ribonucleic acid + -some3.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪbə(ʊ)səʊm
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪbə(ʊ)səʊm
definition:
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.


word: RICER
russian_word: устройство для приготовления овощного пюре
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪsə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪsə
definition:
a utensil with small holes through which boiled potatoes or other soft food can be pushed to form particles of a similar size to grains of rice.


word: RICERCAR
russian_word: Ричеркар
origin: from Italian ricercare ‘search out’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌriːtʃəˈkɑː
phonetics_text: ˌriːtʃəˈkɑː|ˈriːtʃəˌkɑː
definition:
an elaborate contrapuntal instrumental composition in fugal or canonic style, typically of the 16th to 18th centuries.


word: RICH
russian_word: богатые
antonyms: poor
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪtʃ
phonetics_text: rɪtʃ
example:
a rich and famous family|the rich flora and fauna of the forest|novels have always been a rich source of material for the film industry|his rich bass voice|what a full, rich life you lead!|these comments are a bit rich coming from a woman with no money worries

definition:
having a great deal of money or assets; wealthy.|existing in plentiful quantities; abundant.|producing a large quantity of something.|(of a colour, sound, smell, etc.) pleasantly deep or strong.|interesting because full of variety.|(of a remark) causing ironic amusement or indignation.

synonyms:
wealthy|affluent|moneyed|cash rich|well off|well-to-do|with deep pockets|prosperous|opulent|substantial|propertied|silk-stocking|multi-crore|minted|rolling in money|rolling in it|in the money|loaded|stinking rich|filthy rich|well heeled|flush|made of money|quids in|worth a packet|worth a bundle|on easy street|oofy

origin:
Old English rīce  ‘powerful, wealthy’, of Germanic origin, related to Dutch rijk and German reich ; ultimately from Celtic; reinforced in Middle English by Old French riche ‘rich, powerful’.


word: RICHES
russian_word: богатство
example: riches beyond their wildest dreams
definition: material wealth.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪtʃɪz
phonetics_text: ˈrɪtʃɪz
synonyms:
money|wealth|finance(s)|funds|cash|hard cash|(filthy) lucre|wherewithal|means|assets|liquid assets|capital|resources|reserves|deep pockets|opulence|gold|property|treasure|affluence|substance|prosperity|dough|bread|loot|shekels|moolah|the necessary|boodle|dibs|gelt|ducats|rhino|gravy|scratch|stuff|oof|dosh|brass|lolly|spondulicks|wonga|ackers|the ready|readies|greenbacks|simoleons|bucks|jack|mazuma|dinero|Oscar|splosh|green|tin|l.s.d.|kale|rocks|shinplasters|pelf

origin:
Middle English: variant (later interpreted as a plural form) of archaic richesse, from Old French richeise (from riche ‘rich’).


word: RICHLY
russian_word: богато
example: she was richly dressed in the height of fashion
definition: in an elaborate, generous, or plentiful way.
antonyms: meanly|shabbily
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈrɪtʃli
phonetics_text: ˈrɪtʃli
synonyms:
sumptuously|opulently|luxuriously|palatially|lavishly|gorgeously|splendidly|magnificently|resplendently|plushly|expensively|fancily|stylishly|elegantly|exquisitely|grandiosely|poshly|ritzily|swankily|classily|glitzily|swishly


word: RICHNESS
russian_word: богатство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪtʃnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɪtʃnəs
example:
tropical gardens with an enormous richness of flora and fauna|her voice retains a wonderful richness of tone

definition:
the state of existing in or containing plentiful quantities of something desirable.|the quality of being pleasingly deep or strong.


word: RICK
russian_word: стог
origin: Old English hrēac, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rook .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪk
phonetics_text: rɪk
definition:
a stack of hay, corn, straw, or similar material, especially one formerly built into a regular shape and thatched.


word: RICKETS
russian_word: рахит
origin: mid 17th century: perhaps an alteration of Greek rhakhitis (see rachitis).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪkɪts
phonetics_text: ˈrɪkɪts
definition:
a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.


word: RICKETTSIA
russian_word: риккетсия
origin: modern Latin, named after Howard Taylor Ricketts (1871–1910), American pathologist.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈkɛtsɪə
phonetics_text: rɪˈkɛtsɪə
definition:
any of a group of very small bacteria that include the causative agents of typhus and various other febrile diseases in humans. Like viruses, many of them can only grow inside living cells, and they are frequently transmitted by mites, ticks, or lice.


word: RICKETY
russian_word: покосившийся
example: we went carefully up the rickety stairs|poverty was evident in undernourished faces or rickety legs
definition: (of a structure or piece of equipment) poorly made and likely to collapse.|affected by rickets.
origin: late 17th century: from rickets + -y1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪkɪti
phonetics_text: ˈrɪkɪti
synonyms:
shaky|unsteady|unsound|unsafe|tottering|crumbling|decaying|disintegrating|tumbledown|broken-down|dilapidated|ramshackle|derelict|ruinous|falling to pieces|decrepit|shambly|geriatric|shacky|rumpty


word: RICKEY
russian_word: Рики
example: I wanted to drink gin rickeys
origin: late 19th century: probably from the surname Rickey.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪki
phonetics_text: ˈrɪki
definition:
a drink consisting of a spirit, typically gin, mixed with lime or lemon juice, carbonated water, and ice.


word: RID
russian_word: избавиться
example: we now have the greatest chance ever to rid the world of nuclear weapons
definition: make someone or something free of (an unwanted person or thing).
synonyms: clear|free|make free|cleanse|purge|purify|empty|strip|scour|void|relieve|deliver
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɪd
phonetics_text: rɪd
origin:
Middle English: from Old Norse rythja . The original sense ‘to clear’ described clearing land of trees and undergrowth; this gave rise to ‘free from rubbish or encumbrances’, later becoming generalized.


word: RIDDANCE
russian_word: избавление
definition: the action of getting rid of a troublesome or unwanted person or thing.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈrɪd(ə)ns
example:
the new movement emphasized discipline, not riddance or punishment as a method of solving the criminal problem


word: RIDDLE
russian_word: загадка
example: they started asking riddles and telling jokes
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɪd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɪd(ə)l
definition:
a question or statement intentionally phrased so as to require ingenuity in ascertaining its answer or meaning.

origin:
Old English rǣdels, rǣdelse  ‘opinion, conjecture, riddle’; related to Dutch raadsel, German Rätsel, also to read.


word: RIDE
russian_word: поездка
synonyms: sit on|mount|be mounted on|bestride|manage|handle|control|steer
origin: Old English rīdan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rijden and German reiten .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rʌɪd
phonetics_text: rʌɪd
example:
Jane and Rory were riding their ponies|a stream of young surfers fighting the elements to ride the waves|you must not think him ridden with angst|Harrison drew back his jaw as if riding the blow|if you don't give all the kids a chance to play, the parents ride you

definition:
sit on and control the movement of (an animal, typically a horse).|be carried or supported by (something moving with great momentum).|be full of or dominated by.|yield to (a blow) so as to reduce its impact.|have sex with.|annoy, pester, or tease.


word: RIDER
russian_word: всадник
origin: late Old English rīdere ‘mounted warrior, knight’ (see ride, -er1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪdə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪdə
example:
two riders approached the cottage|one rider to the deal—if the hurricane heads north, we run for shelter

definition:
a person who is riding or who can ride a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, etc.|a condition or proviso added to something already agreed.|a small weight positioned on the beam of a balance for fine adjustment.


word: RIDGE
russian_word: хребет
example: the North-East ridge of Everest|a high-pressure ridge helping to steer cyclones further south
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪdʒ
phonetics_text: rɪdʒ
definition:
a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.|an elongated region of high barometric pressure.

origin:
Old English hrycg  ‘spine, crest’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rug and German Rücken ‘back’.


word: RIDGEWAY
russian_word: Риджуэй
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪdʒweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrɪdʒweɪ
definition:
a road or track along a ridge, especially ( the Ridgeway ) a prehistoric trackway following the ridge of the downs in Wiltshire and Berkshire, in southern England.


word: RIDICULE
russian_word: насмешка
example: he is held up as an object of ridicule
definition: the subjection of someone or something to contemptuous and dismissive language or behaviour.
antonyms: praise|respect
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɪdɪkjuːl
phonetics_text: ˈrɪdɪkjuːl
synonyms:
mockery|derision|laughter|scorn|scoffing|contempt|jeering|sneering|sneers|jibes|jibing|joking|teasing|taunts|taunting|ragging|chaffing|twitting|raillery|sarcasm|satire|lampoon|burlesque|caricature|parody|kidding|kidology|ribbing|joshing|winding up|taking the mickey|goofing|razzing|pulling someone's chain|chiacking|sport|taking the piss

origin:
late 17th century: from French, or from Latin ridiculum, neuter (used as a noun) of ridiculus ‘laughable’, from ridere ‘to laugh’.


word: RIDICULOUS
russian_word: смешной
example: that ridiculous tartan cap
definition: deserving or inviting derision or mockery; absurd.
antonyms: serious|sensible|reasonable
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin ridiculosus, from ridiculus ‘laughable’ (see ridicule).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪˈdɪkjʊləs
phonetics_text: rɪˈdɪkjʊləs
synonyms:
laughable|absurd|comical|funny|hilarious|humorous|risible|derisory|droll|amusing|entertaining|diverting|chucklesome|farcical|slapstick|silly|facetious|ludicrous|hysterical|riotous|side-splitting|crazy|priceless|killing|derisible|pointless|senseless|foolish|foolhardy|stupid|inane|nonsensical|fatuous|childish|puerile|half-baked|hare-brained|scatterbrained|feather-brained|ill-thought-out|ill-conceived|crackpot|idiotic|brainless|mindless|witless|vacuous|asinine|moronic|half-witted|preposterous|insane|unreasonable|irrational|illogical|outrageous|shocking|astonishing|monstrous|unbelievable|incredible|unthinkable


word: RIEBECKITE
russian_word: рибекит
origin: late 19th century: from the name of Emil Riebeck (died 1885), German explorer, + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈriːbɛkʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈriːbɛkʌɪt
definition:
a dark blue or black mineral of the amphibole group, occurring chiefly in alkaline igneous rocks or as blue asbestos (crocidolite).


word: RIFAMPICIN
russian_word: рифампицин
definition: a reddish-brown antibiotic used chiefly to treat tuberculosis and leprosy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪˈfampɪsɪn
phonetics_text: rɪˈfampɪsɪn
origin:
1960s: from rifamycin (an antibiotic first isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces mediterranei ) + the insertion of pi- from piperazine.


word: RIFE
russian_word: распространенный
example: male chauvinism was rife in medicine
definition: (especially of something undesirable) of common occurrence; widespread.
antonyms: scarce|unknown
origin: late Old English rȳfe, probably from Old Norse rīfr ‘acceptable’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: rʌɪf
phonetics_text: rʌɪf
synonyms:
widespread|general|common|universal|extensive|ubiquitous|global|omnipresent|everywhere|present everywhere|pandemic|epidemic|endemic|inescapable|insidious|prevalent|penetrating|pervading|pervasive|permeating|immanent|permeative|suffusive|permeant


word: RIFF
russian_word: рифф
example: a brilliant guitar riff
origin: 1930s: perhaps an abbreviation of refrain2.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪf
phonetics_text: rɪf
definition:
a short repeated phrase in popular music and jazz, typically used as an introduction or refrain in a song.


word: RIFFLE
russian_word: канавка
example: he riffled through the pages|he riffled the deck of cards
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrɪf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɪf(ə)l
definition:
turn over something, especially the pages of a book, quickly and casually.|shuffle (playing cards) by flicking up and releasing the corners or sides of two piles of cards so that they intermingle and may be slid together to form a single pile.

origin:
late 18th century (in riffle (sense 2 of the noun)): perhaps from a variant of the verb ruffle, influenced by ripple.


word: RIFLE
russian_word: винтовка
example: a hunting rifle
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrʌɪf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪf(ə)l
definition:
a gun, especially one fired from shoulder level, having a long spirally grooved barrel intended to make a bullet spin and thereby have greater accuracy over a long distance.

origin:
mid 17th century: from French rifler ‘graze, scratch’, of Germanic origin. The earliest noun usage was in rifle gun, which had ‘rifles’ or spiral grooves cut into the inside of the barrel.


word: RIFLEMAN
russian_word: стрелок
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪf(ə)lmən
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪf(ə)lmən
definition:
a soldier armed with a rifle, especially a private in a rifle regiment.|a very small, short-tailed, greenish-yellow songbird which feeds on insects on tree bark, native to New Zealand.


word: RIFT
russian_word: трещина
definition: a crack, split, or break in something.|a serious break in friendly relations.
origin: Middle English: of Scandinavian origin; compare with Norwegian and Danish rift ‘cleft, chink’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪft
phonetics_text: rɪft
example:
the wind had torn open a rift in the clouds|the rift between the two branches of the legal profession

synonyms:
crack|fault|flaw|split|break|breach|fissure|fracture|cleft|crevice|gap|cranny|slit|chink|interstice|cavity|opening|space|hole|aperture


word: RIG
russian_word: установка
synonyms: equip|fit out/up|supply|outfit|furnish|accoutre|array|provide|provision|stock|arm|kit out
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪɡ
phonetics_text: rɪɡ
example:
the catamaran will be rigged as a ketch|he had rigged up a sort of tent|a cavalry regiment rigged out in green and gold

definition:
provide (a sailing boat) with sails and rigging.|set up (equipment or a device or structure), typically in a makeshift or hasty way.|provide (someone) with clothes of a particular type.

origin:
late 15th century (in nautical use): perhaps of Scandinavian origin: compare with Norwegian rigga ‘bind or wrap up’. The noun dates from the early 19th century.


word: RIGGER
russian_word: такелажник
example: a square-rigger|there was a vacancy for a rigger in No 70 Squadron
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪɡə
phonetics_text: ˈrɪɡə
definition:
a ship rigged in a particular way.|a person who rigs or attends to the rigging of a sailing ship, aircraft, or parachute.|an artist's long-haired sable brush.|an outrigger carrying a rowlock on a racing rowing boat.


word: RIGGING
russian_word: такелаж
example: I'm listening to the wind in the rigging
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪɡɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɪɡɪŋ
definition:
the system of ropes or chains employed to support a ship's masts ( standing rigging ) and to control or set the yards and sails ( running rigging ).|the ropes and wires supporting the structure of an airship, biplane, hang-glider, or parachute.


word: RIGHT
russian_word: право
antonyms: wrong|unjust
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun|verb|exclamation
phonetic: rʌɪt
phonetics_text: rʌɪt
example:
I hope we're doing the right thing|I'm not sure I know the right answer|that sausage doesn't smell right|my right elbow|I felt a right idiot|are you politically right, left, or centre?

definition:
morally good, justified, or acceptable.|true or correct as a fact.|in a satisfactory, sound, or normal state or condition.|on, towards, or relating to the side of a human body or of a thing that is to the east when the person or thing is facing north.|complete; absolute (used for emphasis).|favouring conservative or reactionary views.

synonyms:
just|fair|equitable|good|upright|righteous|virtuous|proper|moral|morally justified|ethical|honourable|honest|principled|lawful|legal

origin:
Old English riht (adjective and noun), rihtan (verb), rihte (adverb), of Germanic origin; related to Latin rectus ‘ruled’, from an Indo-European root denoting movement in a straight line.


word: RIGHTEOUS
russian_word: праведный
example: feelings of righteous indignation about pay and conditions|righteous eggs, man!
definition: morally right or justifiable.|very good; excellent.
antonyms: wicked|sinful|unjustifiable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌɪtʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪtʃəs
synonyms:
good|virtuous|upright|upstanding|decent|worthy|ethical|principled|moral|high-minded|law-abiding|just|honest|innocent|faultless|honourable|blameless|guiltless|irreproachable|sinless|uncorrupted|anti-corruption|saintly|angelic|pure|noble|noble-minded|pious|God-fearing|justifiable|justified|legitimate|defensible|supportable|rightful|well founded|sound|valid|admissible|allowable|understandable|excusable|acceptable|reasonable|sensible

origin:
Old English rihtwīs, from riht  ‘right’ + wīs ‘manner, state, condition’. The change in the ending in the 16th century was due to association with words such as bounteous .


word: RIGHTEOUSNESS
russian_word: праведность
example: we had little doubt about the righteousness of our cause
definition: the quality of being morally right or justifiable.
antonyms: wickedness|sinfulness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪtʃəsnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪtʃəsnəs
synonyms:
goodness|virtue|virtuousness|uprightness|decency|integrity|worthiness|rectitude|probity|morality|ethicalness|high-mindedness|justice|honesty|honour|honourableness|innocence|blamelessness|guiltlessness|irreproachability|sinlessness|saintliness|purity|nobility|noble-mindedness|piety|piousness


word: RIGHTFUL
russian_word: законный
example: the rightful owner of the jewels
definition: having a legitimate right to property, position, or status.
antonyms: wrongful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌɪtfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪtfʊl|ˈrʌɪtf(ə)l
synonyms:
legal|lawful|licit|sanctioned|real|true|proper|correct|recognized|genuine|warranted|authentic|acknowledged|approved|licensed|statutory|constitutional|valid|bona fide|de jure|legit|kosher

origin:
Old English rihtful  ‘upright, righteous’ (see right, -ful). The notion of ‘legitimacy’ dates from Middle English.


word: RIGHTNESS
russian_word: правота
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪtnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪtnəs
example:
they argue for the moral rightness of overthrowing the leader by force|they are convinced of the rightness of their theories

definition:
the quality or state of being morally good, justified, or acceptable.|the quality or state of being true or correct as a fact.


word: RIGHTY
russian_word: правша
definition: a right-handed person.|a person who supports or is involved in right-wing politics.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪti
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪti
example:
righties can't see first base as well as left-handers|for a long generation, ‘security’ connoted national defence and was a hot-button word for righties


word: RIGID
russian_word: жесткий
example: a seat of rigid orange plastic|rigid bureaucratic controls
definition: unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible.|not able to be changed or adapted.
antonyms: flexible|plastic
origin: late Middle English: from Latin rigidus, from rigere ‘be stiff’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrɪdʒɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrɪdʒɪd
synonyms:
stiff|hard|firm|inflexible|non-flexible|unbending|unyielding|inelastic|taut|tight|impliable|unmalleable


word: RIGMAROLE
russian_word: канитель
example: he went through the rigmarole of securing the front door
definition: a lengthy and complicated procedure.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪɡmərəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈrɪɡmərəʊl
synonyms:
lengthy process|fuss|fuss and bother|bother|commotion|trouble|folderol|ado|pother|palaver|song and dance|performance|to-do|carry-on|carrying-on|kerfuffle|hoo-ha|hullabaloo|ballyhoo|business|pantomime|hassle|hoopla|bobsy-die

origin:
mid 18th century: apparently an alteration of ragman roll, originally denoting a legal document recording a list of offences.


word: RIGOR
russian_word: строгость
origin: late Middle English: from Latin, literally ‘stiffness’, from rigere ‘be stiff’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪɡɔː
phonetics_text: ˈrɪɡɔː|ˈrʌɪɡɔː|ˈrʌɪɡə
definition:
a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature, often with copious sweating, especially at the onset or height of a fever.


word: RIGOROUS
russian_word: строгий
example: the rigorous testing of consumer products
definition: extremely thorough and careful.
antonyms: slapdash
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪɡ(ə)rəs
phonetics_text: ˈrɪɡ(ə)rəs
synonyms:
meticulous|punctilious|conscientious|careful|diligent|attentive|ultra-careful|scrupulous|painstaking|exact|precise|accurate|correct|thorough|studious|exhaustive|mathematical|detailed|perfectionist|methodical|particular|religious|strict|fussy|fastidious|hair-splitting|finicky|finical|demanding|exacting|pedantic|nitpicking|pernickety|persnickety|nice|overnice|laborious

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French rigorous or late Latin rigorosus, from rigor ‘stiffness’ (see rigor1).


word: RIGOUR
russian_word: строгость
example: his analysis is lacking in rigour
definition: the quality of being extremely thorough and careful.
antonyms: carelessness
origin: late Middle English: from Old French rigour from Latin rigor ‘stiffness’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪɡə
phonetics_text: ˈrɪɡə
synonyms:
meticulousness|thoroughness|carefulness|attention to detail|diligence|scrupulousness|exactness|exactitude|precision|accuracy|correctness|strictness|punctiliousness|conscientiousness|nicety


word: RIG-OUT
russian_word: экипировка
definition: an outfit of clothes.
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
outfit|costume|suit|uniform|ensemble|habit|attire|clothes|clothing|dress|garb|regalia|regimentals|rig|livery|accoutrements|trappings|disguise|kit|strip|get-up|gear|togs|garms|apparel|array|raiment


word: RILE
russian_word: раздражать
definition: make (someone) annoyed or irritated.|make (water) turbulent or muddy.
antonyms: conciliate|soothe
origin: early 19th century: variant of roil.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rʌɪl
phonetics_text: rʌɪl
example:
he has been riled by suggestions that his Arsenal future is in doubt|he'd been drinking sweet, clear water from a well, and now that water had been muddied and riled

synonyms:
irritate|annoy|bother|vex|provoke|displease|upset|offend|affront|anger|exasperate|infuriate|gall|irk|get/put someone's back up|disgruntle|pique|rankle with|nettle|needle|ruffle|get on someone's nerves|ruffle someone's feathers|make someone's hackles rise|raise someone's hackles|rub up the wrong way|peeve|aggravate|miff|get|get to|bug|get under someone's skin|get in someone's hair|hack off|get someone's goat|nark|get on someone's wick|give someone the hump|wind up|get across|get up someone's nose|tick off|rankle|ride|gravel|bum out|rark|exacerbate|hump|rasp|piss off|get on someone's tits


word: RIM
russian_word: обод
example: a china egg cup with a gold rim
definition: the upper or outer edge of an object, typically something circular or approximately circular.
synonyms: brim|edge|lip
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪm
phonetics_text: rɪm
origin:
Old English rima  ‘a border, coast’; compare with Old Norse rimi ‘ridge, strip of land’ (the only known cognate).


word: RIME
russian_word: иней
definition: frost formed on cold objects by the rapid freezing of water vapour in cloud or fog.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rʌɪm
phonetics_text: rʌɪm
origin:
Old English hrīm, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rijm . The word became rare in Middle English but was revived in literary use at the end of the 18th century.


word: RIMROCK
russian_word: Римрок
example: archetypal cowboy terrain—tableland, rimrock, canyons
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪmrɒk
phonetics_text: ˈrɪmrɒk
definition:
an outcrop of resistant rock forming a margin to a gravel deposit, especially one forming a cliff at the edge of a plateau.


word: RIND
russian_word: кожура
example: decorate with fine shreds of orange rind
definition: the tough outer skin of certain fruit, especially citrus fruit.
origin: Old English rind(e) ‘bark of a tree’; related to Dutch run and German Rinde, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rʌɪnd
phonetics_text: rʌɪnd
synonyms:
skin|peel|covering|zest|hull|pod|shell|husk|crust|shuck|capsule|outer layer|bark|hide|epicarp|pericarp|exocarp|integument


word: RINDERPEST
russian_word: чума рогатого скота
origin: mid 19th century: from German, from Rinder ‘cattle’ + Pest ‘plague’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪndəpɛst
phonetics_text: ˈrɪndəpɛst
definition:
an infectious disease of ruminants, especially cattle, caused by a paramyxovirus. It is characterized by fever, dysentery, and inflammation of the mucous membranes.


word: RING
russian_word: кольцо
synonyms: wedding ring|band of gold|marriage token
origin: Old English hring, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch ring, German Ring, also to the noun rank1.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪŋ
phonetics_text: rɪŋ
example:
a diamond ring|an inflatable rubber ring|a circus ring|the police had been investigating the drug ring|a benzene ring

definition:
a small circular band, typically of precious metal and often set with one or more gemstones, worn on a finger as an ornament or a token of marriage, engagement, or authority.|a ring-shaped or circular object.|an enclosed space, surrounded by seating for spectators, in which a sport, performance, or show takes place.|a group of people engaged in a shared enterprise, especially one involving illegal or unscrupulous activity.|a number of atoms bonded together to form a closed loop in a molecule.|a set of elements with two binary operations, addition and multiplication, the second being distributive over the first and associative.


word: RINGED
russian_word: с кольцом
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪŋd
phonetics_text: rɪŋd
example:
a long, ringed tail similar to a tabby cat|they wore suits with the sleeves pulled back to show ringed fingers

definition:
marked with or encircled by a ring or rings.|wearing a ring, as an ornament or a token of marriage, engagement, or authority.


word: RINGER
russian_word: звонарь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪŋə
phonetics_text: ˈrɪŋə
example:
he is a dead ringer for his late papa|Paddy had established himself as the ringer of the shed|ringers on the seven stations branded 30,057 calves

definition:
a person or thing that looks very like another.|a person or device that rings something.|a shearer with the highest tally of sheep shorn in a given period.|a stockman, especially one employed in droving.


word: RING IN
russian_word: окружать кольцом
example: the clock rang in the new year|every morning she coughed she rang in sick
definition:
usher something in by or as by ringing a bell.|report or make contact, especially to or with one's place of work, by phone.

synonyms:
herald|signal|announce|proclaim|usher in|introduce|launch|celebrate|mark|signify|indicate|give notice of|betoken|harbinger|knell


word: RINGTAIL
russian_word: самка луня
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪŋteɪl
phonetics_text: ˈrɪŋteɪl
definition:
a ring-tailed cat or lemur.|a nocturnal tree-dwelling Australian possum that habitually curls its prehensile tail into a ring or spiral.


word: RINGWORM
russian_word: стригущий лишай
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪŋwəːm
phonetics_text: ˈrɪŋwəːm
definition:
a contagious itching skin disease occurring in small circular patches, caused by any of a number of fungi and affecting chiefly the scalp or the feet. The commonest form is athlete's foot.


word: RINK
russian_word: каток
definition: an enclosed area of ice for skating, ice hockey, or curling.|a team in curling or bowls.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪŋk
phonetics_text: rɪŋk
example:
the girls were planning to go ice skating at the rink in George Square|he helped his rink to win by 35 shots to 4

origin:
late Middle English (originally Scots in the sense ‘jousting ground’): perhaps originally from Old French renc ‘rank’.


word: RINSE
russian_word: прополоскать
example: always rinse your hair thoroughly
definition: wash (something) with clean water to remove soap, detergent, dirt, or impurities.
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old French rincer, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪns
phonetics_text: rɪns
synonyms:
wash|wash out|wash lightly|clean|cleanse|bathe|dip|drench|splash|hose down|swill|sluice|flush out/away|wash off


word: RIOT
russian_word: бунт
example: riots broke out in the capital|the garden was a riot of colour|everyone thought she was a riot
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrʌɪət
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪət
definition:
a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd.|an impressively large or varied display of something.|a highly amusing or entertaining person or thing.

synonyms:
uproar|rampage|furore|tumult|commotion|upheaval|disturbance|street fight|melee|row|scuffle|fracas|fray|affray|brawl|free-for-all|violent disorder|violence|mob violence|street fighting|vandalism|frenzy|mayhem|turmoil|lawlessness|anarchy|wilding

origin:
Middle English (originally in the sense ‘dissolute living’): from Old French riote ‘debate’, from rioter ‘to quarrel’, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: RIOTOUS
russian_word: буйный
example: a riotous crowd
definition: marked by or involving public disorder.
antonyms: law-abiding|peaceable|calm
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘troublesome’): from Old French, from riote (see riot).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌɪətəs
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪətəs
synonyms:
unruly|rowdy|disorderly|disruptive|out of control|rioting|uncontrollable|ungovernable|unmanageable|unbiddable|insubordinate|undisciplined|turbulent|uproarious|tumultuous|violent|wild|ugly|brawling|lawless|anarchic


word: RIP
russian_word: разрыв
synonyms: tear|snatch|jerk|tug|wrench|wrest|prise|force|heave|haul|drag|pull|twist|peel|pluck|grab|seize|yank
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɪp
phonetics_text: rɪp
example:
a fan tried to rip his trousers off during a show|fire ripped through her bungalow|she ripped him for not being more thorough

definition:
tear or pull (something) quickly or forcibly away from something or someone.|move forcefully and rapidly.|scold or criticize harshly.|use a program to copy (material from a CD or DVD) on to a computer's hard drive.

origin:
late Middle English (as a verb): of unknown origin; compare with the verb reap. The noun dates from the early 18th century.


word: RIPE
russian_word: спелый
antonyms: unripe|green
origin: Old English rīpe, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch rijp and German reif .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rʌɪp
phonetics_text: rʌɪp
example:
a ripe tomato|land ripe for development|she lived to a ripe old age|ripe females will stop and spawn with one or more males|I think my language may have been a little ripe outside the church

definition:
(of fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.|having arrived at the fitting stage or time for a particular action or purpose).|(of a person's age) advanced.|(of a female fish or insect) ready to lay eggs or spawn.|(of a person's language) beyond the bounds of propriety; coarse.

synonyms:
mature|ripened|fully developed|full grown|ready to eat|soft|lush|juicy|tender|luscious|sweet|full-flavoured|mellow


word: RIP OFF
russian_word: сдирать
example: she thought he was ripping her off over her royalties|they have ripped off £6.7 billion
definition: cheat someone, especially financially.|steal or plagiarize something.
synonyms:
swindle|fleece|cheat|defraud|deceive|trick|dupe|hoodwink|double-cross|gull|short-change|exploit|take advantage of|victimize|do|diddle|con|bamboozle|rob|shaft|sting|have|bilk|rook|gyp|finagle|flimflam|put one over on|pull a fast one on|take for a ride|lead up the garden path|sell down the river|sucker|snooker|goldbrick|gouge|stiff|give someone a bum steer|pull a swifty on|cozen|chicane|sell


word: RIP-OFF
russian_word: плагиат
example: designer label clothes are just expensive rip-offs
definition: a fraud or swindle, especially something that is grossly overpriced.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪpɒf
phonetics_text: ˈrɪpɒf
synonyms:
fraud|swindle|fraudulent scheme|confidence trick|mare's nest|overcharging|con|con trick|scam|flimflam|gyp|kite|ramp|twist|swizz|daylight robbery|rip|shakedown|hustle|grift|bunco|boondoggle|rort|do|flanker|have


word: RIPOSTE
russian_word: ответный удар
definition: a quick, clever reply to an insult or criticism.|a quick return thrust in fencing.
synonyms: retort|counter|rejoinder|sally|return|retaliation|answer|reply|response|comeback|clapback
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪˈpɒst
phonetics_text: rɪˈpɒst
origin:
early 18th century: from French risposte (noun), risposter (verb), from Italian risposta ‘response’.


word: RIPPED
russian_word: разорвал
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rɪpt
phonetics_text: rɪpt
example:
a pair of faded, ripped jeans|at the dress rehearsal, he was so ripped he couldn't stand upright|through his slightly-too-tight shirt you could see he was ripped

definition:
(of clothes or fabric) badly torn.|under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs.|having well-defined or well-developed muscles; muscular.


word: RIPPLE
russian_word: пульсация
example: he dived into the pool leaving barely a ripple|a family block of raspberry ripple
synonyms: wavelet|wave|undulation|ripplet|ridge|crease|wrinkle|ruffle|pucker
origin: late 17th century (as a verb): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɪp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɪp(ə)l
definition:
a small wave or series of waves on the surface of water, especially as caused by a slight breeze or an object dropping into it.|a type of ice cream with wavy lines of coloured flavoured syrup running through it.


word: RISE
russian_word: подниматься
antonyms: sit
synonyms: stand up|get/rise to one's feet|get up|jump up|leap up|spring up|become erect|straighten up|arise
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rʌɪz
phonetics_text: rʌɪz
example:
the tiny aircraft rose from the ground|she pushed back her chair and rose|the activists urged militant factions to rise up|the Euphrates rises in Turkey|the moorlands rise and fall in gentle folds|land prices had risen|she was thirty-nine rising forty

definition:
move from a lower position to a higher one; come or go up.|get up from lying, sitting, or kneeling.|cease to be submissive, obedient, or peaceful.|(of a river) have its source.|(of land or a natural feature) incline upwards; become higher.|increase in number, size, amount, or degree.|approaching (a specified age).

origin:
Old English rīsan  ‘make an attack’, ‘wake, get out of bed’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rijzen and German reisen .


word: RISER
russian_word: стояк
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪzə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪzə
example:
late risers always exasperate early risers|make risers low and treads deep|this pressure carries water through the risers to the upper floors|he fell backwards off the riser|constantly adjust the risers to keep the wing overhead

definition:
a person who habitually gets out of bed at a particular time of the morning.|a vertical section between the treads of a staircase.|a vertical pipe for the upward flow of liquid or gas.|a low platform on a stage or in an auditorium, used to give greater prominence to a speaker or performer.|a strip of webbing joining the harness and the rigging lines of a parachute or paraglider.


word: RISIBLE
russian_word: смешной
example: a risible scene of lovemaking in a tent
definition: provoking laughter through being ludicrous.
antonyms: serious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪzɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɪzɪb(ə)l|ˈrʌɪzɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
laughable|ridiculous|absurd|comical|comic|amusing|funny|chucklesome|hilarious|humorous|droll|entertaining|diverting|farcical|slapstick|silly|facetious|ludicrous|hysterical|uproarious|riotous|side-splitting|zany|grotesque|rib-tickling|crazy|priceless|killing|derisible

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘inclined to laughter’): from late Latin risibilis, from Latin ris- ‘laughed’, from the verb ridere .


word: RISING
russian_word: повышение
example: the rising temperature
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪzɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪzɪŋ
definition:
going up, increasing, or sloping upward.|(of a bird) depicted with the wings open but not fully displayed, as if preparing for flight.


word: RISK
russian_word: риск
example: flouting the law was too much of a risk
definition: a situation involving exposure to danger.
antonyms: impossibility
synonyms: possibility|chance|probability|likelihood|danger|peril|threat|menace|fear|prospect
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɪsk
phonetics_text: rɪsk
origin:
mid 17th century: from French risque (noun), risquer (verb), from Italian risco ‘danger’ and rischiare ‘run into danger’.


word: RISKY
russian_word: рискованный
example: it was much too risky to try to disarm him|their risky patter made the guests laugh
definition: full of the possibility of danger, failure, or loss.|risqué.
antonyms: safe
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪski
phonetics_text: ˈrɪski
synonyms:
dangerous|fraught with danger|high-risk|hazardous|perilous|unsafe|insecure|exposed|defenceless|precarious|touch-and-go|tricky|treacherous|uncertain|unpredictable|speculative|chancy|dicey|sticky|hairy|dodgy|gnarly|parlous


word: RISSOLE
russian_word: котлета
definition: a compressed mixture of meat and spices, coated in breadcrumbs and fried.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪsəʊl
phonetics_text: ˈrɪsəʊl
origin:
early 18th century: from French, from Old French dialect ruissole, from a feminine form of late Latin russeolus ‘reddish’, from Latin russus ‘red’.


word: RITE
russian_word: обряд
example: the rite of communion
definition: a religious or other solemn ceremony or act.
origin: Middle English: from Latin ritus ‘(religious) usage’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɪt
phonetics_text: rʌɪt
synonyms:
ceremony|ritual|ceremonial|observance|service|sacrament|liturgy|worship|office|celebration|performance|act|practice|order|custom|tradition|convention|institution|procedure


word: RITUAL
russian_word: ритуал
example: ancient fertility rituals
origin: late 16th century (as an adjective): from Latin ritualis, from ritus (see rite).
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪtʃʊəl
phonetics_text: ˈrɪtʃʊəl
definition:
a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.


word: RITUALISM
russian_word: обрядность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪtʃʊəlɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈrɪtʃʊəlɪz(ə)m
definition:
the regular observance or practice of ritual, especially when excessive or without regard to its function.


word: RITZ
russian_word: Ритц
example: it's not the Ritz, but it 's convenient, clean, and good value for money
definition: ostentatious luxury and glamour.|used in reference to luxurious accommodation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɪts
phonetics_text: rɪts
origin:
early 20th century: from Ritz, a proprietary name of luxury hotels, from César Ritz (1850–1918), a Swiss hotel owner.


word: RITZY
russian_word: шикарный
example: the ritzy Plaza Hotel
definition: expensively stylish.
antonyms: plain|austere
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɪtsi
phonetics_text: ˈrɪtsi
synonyms:
luxurious|luxury|deluxe|plush|sumptuous|palatial|lavish|lavishly appointed|gorgeous|opulent|splendid|magnificent|lush|glamorous|glittering|rich|costly|expensive|upmarket|fancy|stylish|grandiose|posh|swanky|plushy|classy|glitzy|fancy-pants|swish|swank|palatian|Lucullan


word: RIVAL
russian_word: соперник
example: he has no serious rival for the job
antonyms: partner|ally
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrʌɪv(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪv(ə)l
definition:
a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field of activity.

synonyms:
competitor|opponent|contestant|contender|challenger|adversary|antagonist|enemy|foe|nemesis|corrival|vier

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin rivalis, originally in the sense ‘person using the same stream as another’, from rivus ‘stream’.


word: RIVALRY
russian_word: соперничество
example: there always has been intense rivalry between the clubs
definition: competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɪv(ə)lri
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɪv(ə)lri
synonyms:
competitiveness|competition|contention|vying|opposition|conflict|struggle|strife|feuding|dissension|discord|antagonism|friction|enmity|keeping up with the Joneses


word: RIVER
russian_word: река
example: the River Danube
definition: a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another river.
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, based on Latin riparius, from ripa ‘bank of a river’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪvə
phonetics_text: ˈrɪvə
synonyms:
watercourse|waterway|stream|tributary|brook|inlet|rivulet|rill|runnel|streamlet|freshet|canal|channel|burn|beck|bourn|creek|billabong|rillet


word: RIVET
russian_word: заклепка
example: a rectangular plate containing an iron rivet
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from river ‘fix, clinch’, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɪvɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɪvɪt
definition:
a short metal pin or bolt for holding together two plates of metal, its headless end being beaten out or pressed down when in place.


word: RIVULET
russian_word: речушка
example: sweat ran in rivulets down his back
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɪvjʊlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɪvjʊlɪt
definition:
a small stream of water or another liquid.|a brownish European moth with white markings, occurring in rough grassland.

origin:
late 16th century: alteration of obsolete riveret (from French, literally ‘small river’), perhaps suggested by Italian rivoletto, diminutive of rivolo, based on Latin rivus ‘stream’.


word: ROACH
russian_word: плотва
definition: a cockroach.|a roll of card or paper that forms the butt of a cannabis cigarette.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəʊtʃ
phonetics_text: rəʊtʃ
origin:
early 19th century: shortening of cockroach; roach1 (sense 2) dates from the 1930s and may represent a different word.


word: ROACHED
russian_word: карпа
example: the dogs sprang forward with their backs roached|he had hair roached down to cover his baldness
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rəʊtʃt
phonetics_text: rəʊtʃt
definition:
(of an animal's back) having an upward curve.|(of a person's hair) brushed upwards or forwards into a roll.


word: ROAD
russian_word: дорога
example: a country road|he's well on the road to recovery|Boston Roads
synonyms: highway|thoroughfare|roadway|road surface|pavement
origin: Old English rād ‘journey on horseback’, ‘foray’; of Germanic origin; related to the verb ride.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəʊd
phonetics_text: rəʊd
definition:
a wide way leading from one place to another, especially one with a specially prepared surface which vehicles can use.|a series of events or a course of action that will lead to a particular outcome.|a partly sheltered stretch of water near the shore in which ships can ride at anchor.


word: ROADBLOCK
russian_word: дорожное заграждение
example: police roadblocks
synonyms: barrier|barricade|blockade|obstruction|checkpoint
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊdblɒk
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊdblɒk
definition:
a barrier or barricade on a road, especially one set up by the authorities to stop and examine traffic.


word: ROADIE
russian_word: роуди
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrəʊdi
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊdi
example:
he looked a bit like a roadie for a heavy metal band|Peter's a roadie making his first foray into mountain biking

definition:
a person employed by a touring band of musicians to set up and maintain equipment.|a cyclist who rides a road bike or is fanatical about road biking.


word: ROADSHOW
russian_word: выездная презентация
definition: a touring show of performers, especially pop musicians.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊdʃəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊdʃəʊ
example:
witness the last great rock 'n' roll band demolish an entire city with their million-decibel roadshow


word: ROAM
russian_word: бродить
origin: Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rəʊm
phonetics_text: rəʊm
example:
tigers once roamed over most of Asia|Orange now allows Pay As You Go mobile phone customers to roam in the US

definition:
move about or travel aimlessly or unsystematically, especially over a wide area.|use a mobile phone on another operator's network, typically while abroad.


word: ROAN
russian_word: чалый
origin: mid 16th century: from Old French, of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rəʊn
phonetics_text: rəʊn
definition:
denoting an animal, especially a horse or cow, having a coat of a main colour thickly interspersed with hairs of another colour, typically bay, chestnut, or black mixed with white.


word: ROAR
russian_word: рев
example: she waited for the lion's roar
definition: a full, deep, prolonged cry uttered by a lion or other large wild animal.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rɔː
phonetics_text: rɔː
origin:
Old English rārian (verb), imitative of a deep prolonged cry, of West Germanic origin; related to German röhren . The noun dates from late Middle English.


word: ROARING
russian_word: рев
example: he was greeted everywhere with roaring crowds|last week's 70s night was a roaring success
definition: making or uttering a roar.|very obviously or unequivocally the thing mentioned (used for emphasis).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɔːrɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɔːrɪŋ
synonyms:
enormous|huge|massive|(very) great|tremendous|terrific|complete|unqualified|out-and-out|thorough|unmitigated|rip-roaring|whopping|thumping|fantastic


word: ROAST
russian_word: жаркое
example: she was going to roast a leg of mutton for Sunday dinner|if you waste his time he'll roast you
synonyms: cook|bake|grill|spit-roast|pot-roast|broil
origin: Middle English: from Old French rostir, of West Germanic origin.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective|noun
phonetic: rəʊst
phonetics_text: rəʊst
definition:
cook (food, especially meat) by prolonged exposure to heat in an oven or over a fire.|criticize or reprimand severely.


word: ROB
russian_word: грабить
example: he tried, with three others, to rob a bank
definition: take property unlawfully from (a person or place) by force or threat of force.
origin: Middle English: from Old French rober, of Germanic origin; related to the verb reave.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɒb
phonetics_text: rɒb
synonyms:
steal from|mug|jump|roll|clip|cheat|swindle|defraud|fleece|dispossess|bilk|do out of|con out of|rook out of|skin|steal someone blind|stiff|mulct


word: ROBBER
russian_word: грабитель
definition: a person who commits robbery.
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old French robere, from the verb rober (see rob).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒbə
phonetics_text: ˈrɒbə
synonyms:
burglar|thief|housebreaker|cat burglar|sneak thief|mugger|shoplifter|stealer|pilferer|raider|looter|plunderer|pillager|marauder|bandit|brigand|pirate|highwayman|dacoit|holdupper|crook|cracksman|steamer|drummer|yegg|second-story man/worker|tief|tea leaf


word: ROBBERY
russian_word: ограбление
example: he was involved in drugs, extortion, and robbery
definition: the action of taking property unlawfully from a person or place by force or threat of force.
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French and Old French roberie, from the verb rober (see rob).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒb(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrɒb(ə)ri
synonyms:
burglary|theft|thievery|stealing|breaking and entering|housebreaking|larceny|shoplifting|pilfering|filching|embezzlement|misappropriation|swindling|fraud|hold-up|break-in|raid|looting|pillage|plunder|mugging|smash-and-grab|steaming|snatch|blag|heist|stickup


word: ROBE
russian_word: халат
example: a young man in a fez and ragged robe
definition: a long, loose outer garment reaching to the ankles.|short for lap robe.
synonyms: cloak|wrap|mantle|cape|kaftan|wrapper|dishdasha|djellaba|dolman|kanzu|muumuu
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rəʊb
phonetics_text: rəʊb
origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from the Germanic base (in the sense ‘booty’) of rob (because clothing was an important component of booty).


word: ROBIN
russian_word: малиновка
origin: mid 16th century: from Old French, pet form of the given name Robert .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒbɪn
phonetics_text: ˈrɒbɪn
definition:
a small Old World thrush related to the chats, typically having a brown back with red on the breast or other colourful markings.|any of a number of birds that resemble the European robin, especially in having a red breast.


word: ROBINIA
russian_word: Робиния
definition: a North American tree or shrub of a genus that includes the false acacia.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəˈbɪnɪə
phonetics_text: rəˈbɪnɪə
origin:
modern Latin, named after Jean and Vespasien Robin, 17th-century French gardeners to the royal family in Paris.


word: ROBORANT
russian_word: укрепляющее средство
example: gentian root is considered to be a roborant and tonic
definition: a medicine, treatment, etc. that has a strengthening or restorative effect.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊb(ə)r(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊb(ə)r(ə)nt|ˈrɒb-
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin roborant- ‘strengthening’, from the verb roborare, from robur, robor- ‘strength’.


word: ROBOT
russian_word: робот
example: the robot closed the door behind us|waiting at a robot I caught the eye of a young woman
synonyms: automaton|android|machine|golem|bot|droid
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊbɒt
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊbɒt
definition:
(especially in science fiction) a machine resembling a human being and able to replicate certain human movements and functions automatically.|another term for crawler.|a set of automatic traffic lights.

origin:
1920s: from Czech, from robota ‘forced labour’. The term was coined in K. Čapek's play R.U.R. ‘Rossum's Universal Robots’ (1920).


word: ROBOTICS
russian_word: робототехника
example: civilian research on robotics is advancing swiftly
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəʊˈbɒtɪks
phonetics_text: rəʊˈbɒtɪks
definition:
the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.


word: ROBUST
russian_word: крепкий
example: the Caplan family are a robust lot|a robust mixture of fish, onions, capers and tomatoes
definition: strong and healthy; vigorous.|(of wine or food) strong and rich in flavour or smell.
antonyms: weak|frail
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈbʌst
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈbʌst
synonyms:
strong|vigorous|sturdy|tough|powerful|powerfully built|solidly built|as strong as a horse/ox|muscular|sinewy|rugged|hardy|strapping|brawny|burly|husky|healthy|fit|fighting fit|as fit as a fiddle/flea|bursting with health|hale and hearty|hale|hearty|lusty|in fine fettle|in good health|in good shape|in trim|in good trim|aerobicized|able-bodied|in rude health|beefy|hunky|buff|jacked|stalwart|thewy|stark

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin robustus ‘firm and hard’, from robus, earlier form of robur ‘oak, strength’.


word: ROBUSTA
russian_word: робуста
origin: early 20th century: modern Latin, feminine of Latin robustus ‘robust’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstə
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstə
definition:
coffee or coffee beans from a widely grown kind of coffee plant. Beans of this variety are often used in the manufacture of instant coffee.|the tropical West African bush that produces robusta coffee beans.


word: ROCAILLE
russian_word: рокайль
origin: French, from roc ‘rock’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪ
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪ
example:
a room with walls in rocaille like those of fountains in a park|rocailles are available in a range of opaque colours

definition:
an 18th-century artistic or architectural style of decoration characterized by elaborate ornamentation with pebbles and shells, typical of grottos and fountains.|a tiny ornamental bead.


word: ROCK
russian_word: рок
origin: Middle English: from Old French rocque, from medieval Latin rocca, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɒk
phonetics_text: rɒk
example:
the beds of rock are slightly tilted|the stream flowed through a jumble of rocks|the Irish scrum has been as solid as a rock

definition:
the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil.|a large piece of rock which has become detached from a cliff or mountain; a boulder.|used to refer to someone or something that is extremely strong, reliable, or hard.|money.

synonyms:
foundation|cornerstone|support|prop|mainstay|backbone|tower of strength|pillar of strength|bulwark|anchor|source of protection|source of security


word: ROCKABILLY
russian_word: рокабилли
example: an offbeat blend of country, swing, and rockabilly
origin: 1950s: blend of rock and roll and hillbilly.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒkəbɪli
phonetics_text: ˈrɒkəbɪli
definition:
a type of popular music, originating in the south-eastern US in the 1950s, combining elements of rock and roll and country music.


word: ROCK AND ROLL
russian_word: рок
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a type of popular dance music originating in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies. Rock and roll was an amalgam of black rhythm and blues and white country music, usually based around a twelve-bar structure and an instrumentation of guitar, double bass, and drums.


word: ROCK CLIMBING
russian_word: скалолазание
example: he took up rock climbing
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the sport or activity of climbing rock faces, especially with the aid of ropes and special equipment.


word: ROCKER
russian_word: рокер
example: a punk rocker|the hull lines are classic with considerable rocker
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒkə
phonetics_text: ˈrɒkə
definition:
a person who performs, dances to, or enjoys rock music.|a rocking device forming part of a mechanism, especially one for controlling the positions of brushes in a dynamo.|a curved bar or similar support on which something such as a chair or cradle can rock.|the amount of curvature in the longitudinal contour of a boat or surfboard.


word: ROCKERY
russian_word: скала
example: rockery stones
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒk(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrɒk(ə)ri
definition:
a heaped arrangement of rough stones with soil between them, planted with rock plants, especially alpines.


word: ROCKET
russian_word: ракета
example: he got a rocket from the Director
synonyms: missile|projectile|trajectile
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɒkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrɒkɪt
definition:
a cylindrical projectile that can be propelled to a great height or distance by the combustion of its contents, used typically as a firework or signal.|a severe reprimand.

origin:
early 17th century: from French roquette, from Italian rocchetto, diminutive of rocca ‘distaff (for spinning)’, with reference to its cylindrical shape.


word: ROCKFISH
russian_word: морской окунь
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒkfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrɒkfɪʃ
definition:
a marine fish of the scorpionfish family with a laterally compressed body. It is generally a bottom-dweller in rocky areas and is frequently of sporting or commercial value.


word: ROCK-RIBBED
russian_word: скалистый
example: a rock-ribbed Republican|six thousand miles of rock-ribbed coasts
part_of_speech: adjective
definition:
resolute or uncompromising, especially with respect to political allegiance.|(of landscape) characterized or dominated by rock formations; craggy.


word: ROCKY
russian_word: скалистый
antonyms: smooth|flat
synonyms: stony|rock-strewn|pebbly|shingly|rough|bumpy|rugged|hard|craggy|mountainous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɒki
phonetics_text: ˈrɒki
example:
a rocky crag above the village|older types of sash windows are a bit rocky|the marriage seemingly got off to a rocky start|rocky and acoustic folk bands

definition:
consisting or full of rock or rocks.|tending to rock or shake; unsteady.|difficult and full of problems.|relating to or characteristic of rock music.


word: ROCOCO
russian_word: рококо
example: a rococo carved gilt mirror
origin: mid 19th century: from French, humorous alteration of rocaille.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rəˈkəʊkəʊ
phonetics_text: rəˈkəʊkəʊ
definition:
denoting furniture or architecture characterized by an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scrollwork.


word: ROD
russian_word: стержень
synonyms: bar|stick|pole|baton|staff|shaft|strut|rail|spoke|cane|birch|switch|knout
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rɒd
phonetics_text: rɒd
example:
concrete walls reinforced with steel rods|he hooked an enormous fish which almost pulled the rod from out of his hands

definition:
a thin straight bar, especially of wood or metal.|a fishing rod.|another term for perch3 (sense 1 of the noun).|a pistol or revolver.|a light-sensitive cell of one of the two types present in large numbers in the retina of the eye, responsible mainly for monochrome vision in poor light.

origin:
late Old English rodd  ‘slender shoot growing on or cut from a tree’, also ‘straight stick or bundle of twigs used to inflict punishment’; probably related to Old Norse rudda ‘club’.


word: RODENT
russian_word: грызун
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin rodent- ‘gnawing’, from the verb rodere .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊd(ə)nt
definition:
a gnawing mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels, hamsters, porcupines, and their relatives, distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no canine teeth. They constitute the largest order of mammals.


word: RODEO
russian_word: родео
example: a rodeo rider|a textbook backside rodeo
origin: mid 19th century: from Spanish, from rodear ‘go round’, based on Latin rotare ‘rotate’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrəʊdɪəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊdɪəʊ|rə(ʊ)ˈdeɪəʊ
definition:
an exhibition or contest in which cowboys show their skill at riding broncos, roping calves, wrestling steers, etc.|a round-up of cattle on a ranch for branding, counting, etc.|(in snowboarding and surfing) an aerial manoeuvre combining a forward or backward flip with a rotation.


word: RODOMONTADE
russian_word: хвастливый
example: the corrupting effect the vogue for macho rodomontade may have even upon a civilized man
definition: boastful or inflated talk or behaviour.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˌrɒdə(ʊ)mɒnˈteɪd
phonetics_text: ˌrɒdə(ʊ)mɒnˈteɪd
origin:
early 17th century: from French, from obsolete Italian rodomontada, from Italian rodomonte, from the name of a boastful character in the medieval Orlando epics.


word: ROE
russian_word: икра
example: lumpfish roe is most like caviar
origin: late Middle English: related to Middle Low German, Middle Dutch roge .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəʊ
phonetics_text: rəʊ
definition:
the mass of eggs contained in the ovaries of a female fish or shellfish, especially when ripe and used as food; the full ovaries themselves.


word: ROENTGEN
russian_word: рентген
origin: 1920s: named after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923), German physicist, discoverer of X-rays.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəːntɡən
phonetics_text: ˈrəːntɡən|ˈrʌntdʒən|ˈrɒntɡən
definition:
a unit of ionizing radiation, the amount producing one electrostatic unit of positive or negative ionic charge in one cubic centimetre of air under standard conditions.


word: ROGATION
russian_word: молебствие
example: Rogation Week
origin: late Middle English: from Latin rogatio(n- ), from rogare ‘ask’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
(in the Christian Church) a solemn supplication consisting of the litany of the saints chanted on the three days before Ascension Day.


word: ROGER
russian_word: Роджер
example: ‘Roger; we'll be with you in about ten minutes.’
definition: your message has been received (used in radio communication).
part_of_speech: exclamation|verb
phonetic: ˈrɒdʒə
phonetics_text: ˈrɒdʒə
origin:
mid 16th century: from the given name Roger . The verb (dating from the early 18th century) is from an obsolete noun sense ‘penis’.


word: ROGUE
russian_word: жулик
example: you are a rogue and an embezzler|a rogue elephant
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rəʊɡ
phonetics_text: rəʊɡ
definition:
a dishonest or unprincipled man.|an elephant or other large wild animal living apart from the herd and having savage or destructive tendencies.

synonyms:
scoundrel|villain|reprobate|rascal|good-for-nothing|wretch|picaro|rat|bastard|son of a bitch|SOB|nasty piece of work|dog|cur|louse|crook|scrote|blighter|spalpeen|slicker|scamp|hound|vagabond|rotter|bounder|cad|ne'er-do-well|miscreant|blackguard|dastard|knave|varlet|wastrel|mountebank|picaroon

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting an idle vagrant): probably from Latin rogare ‘beg, ask’, and related to obsolete slang roger ‘vagrant beggar’ (many such cant terms were introduced towards the middle of the 16th century).


word: ROGUISH
russian_word: жуликоватый
example: he led a roguish and uncertain existence|he gave her a roguish smile
definition: characteristic of a dishonest or unprincipled person.|playfully mischievous.
antonyms: honest|honourable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊɡɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊɡɪʃ
synonyms:
unprincipled|dishonest|deceitful|unscrupulous|untrustworthy|reprobate|shameless|wicked|villainous|incorrigible|unregenerate|shady|scoundrelly|rascally|knavish


word: ROIL
russian_word: мутить
example: winds roil these waters
definition: make (a liquid) turbid or muddy by disturbing the sediment.|make (someone) annoyed or irritated.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɔɪl
phonetics_text: rɔɪl
origin:
late 16th century: perhaps from Old French ruiler ‘mix mortar’, from late Latin regulare ‘regulate’.


word: ROISTER
russian_word: бесчинствовать
example: workers from the refinery roistered in the bars
definition: enjoy oneself or celebrate in a noisy or boisterous way.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrɔɪstə
phonetics_text: ˈrɔɪstə
synonyms:
enjoy oneself|celebrate|revel|carouse|frolic|romp|have fun|have a good time|make merry|have a party|party|eat|drink|and be merry|go on a spree|live it up|whoop it up|have a fling|have a ball|make whoopee|paint the town red|spree|rollick

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete roister  ‘roisterer’, from French rustre ‘ruffian’, variant of ruste, from Latin rusticus ‘rustic’.


word: ROLE
russian_word: роль
example: Dietrich's role as a wife in war-torn Paris
definition: an actor's part in a play, film, etc.
synonyms: part|character|title role|bit part|walk-on part|non-speaking part
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəʊl
phonetics_text: rəʊl
origin:
early 17th century: from French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written.


word: ROLF
russian_word: Рольф
example: I had the negative emotions Rolfed out of me
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rɒlf
phonetics_text: rɒlf
definition:
treat (a person) using Rolfing, a proprietary term for a massage technique aimed at the release and realignment of the body.


word: ROLFING
russian_word: Глубокий массаж
origin: 1970s: from the name of Ida P. Rolf (1897–1979), American physiotherapist, + -ing1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒlfɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɒlfɪŋ
definition:
a technique of deep tissue manipulation aimed at the release and realignment of the body, and the reduction of muscular and psychic tension.


word: ROLL
russian_word: рулон
synonyms: turn round and round|go round and round|turn over and over|spin|rotate|bowl
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rəʊl
phonetics_text: rəʊl
example:
the car rolled down into a ditch|the van was rolling along the lane|he rolled the handkerchief into a ball|roll out the dough on a floured surface|the first peals of thunder rolled across the sky|if you don't get drunk, you don't get rolled

definition:
move in a particular direction by turning over and over on an axis.|(of a vehicle) move or run on wheels.|turn (something flexible) over and over on itself to form a cylinder, tube, or ball.|flatten (something) by passing a roller over it or by passing it between rollers.|(of a loud, deep sound) reverberate.|rob (someone, typically when they are intoxicated or asleep).

origin:
Middle English: from Old French rolle (noun), roller (verb), from Latin rotulus ‘a roll’, variant of rotula ‘little wheel’, diminutive of rota .


word: ROLLBACK
russian_word: отмена
example: a 5 per cent rollback of personal income taxes
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrəʊlbak
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊlbak
definition:
a reduction or decrease.|the process of restoring a database or program to a previously defined state, typically to recover from an error.


word: ROLLER
russian_word: ролик
example: the sheets moved through rollers and down the folding machine|the Atlantic rollers|roller hockey
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊlə
definition:
a cylinder that rotates about a central axis and is used in various machines and devices to move, flatten, or spread something.|a long swelling wave that appears to roll steadily towards the shore.|relating to or involving roller skates.|a brightly coloured crow-sized bird with predominantly blue plumage, having a characteristic tumbling display flight.|a bird of a breed of tumbler pigeon.|a breed of canary with a trilling song.


word: ROLLERBALL
russian_word: роллер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊləbɔːl
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊləbɔːl
definition:
a ballpoint pen using thinner ink than other ballpoints.|an input device containing a ball which is moved with the fingers to control the cursor.


word: ROLLICKING
russian_word: бесшабашный
example: this is all good rollicking fun
definition: exuberantly lively and amusing.
antonyms: restrained|quiet
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɒlɪkɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrɒlɪkɪŋ
synonyms:
lively|boisterous|exuberant|frisky|spirited|riotous|noisy|rip-roaring|wild|unrestrained|uninhibited|rowdy|roisterous|unruly|rumbustious|rambunctious|frolicsome|robustious


word: ROLLING
russian_word: прокатка
example: a rolling ball|the rolling countryside|a rolling programme of reforms
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊlɪŋ
definition:
moving by turning over and over on an axis.|(of land) extending in gentle undulations.|done or happening in a steady and continuous way.


word: ROLL OUT
russian_word: отчетливо произносить
example: the firm rolled out its newest generation of supercomputers
definition: officially launch or introduce a new product or service.
synonyms:
launch|introduce|organize|start|begin|embark on|usher in|initiate|put in place|instigate|institute|inaugurate|set up|bring out|open|get under way|set in motion|get going|establish|found|originate|create|pioneer|lay the foundations of|lay the first stone of|bring into being|activate|mastermind|float|debut|start the ball rolling|kick off|commence


word: ROLLOVER
russian_word: опрокидывание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊləʊvə
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊləʊvə
example:
investments would be returned after four months unless a rollover was requested|it gives extra protection in side impacts and rollovers

definition:
the extension or transfer of a debt or other financial arrangement.|the overturning of a vehicle.|a facility on an electronic keyboard enabling one or several keystrokes to be registered correctly while another key is depressed.


word: ROLL UP
russian_word: свертываться
antonyms: unroll|roll out
synonyms: fold (up)|furl|wind up|coil (up)|bundle up
example:
at the sight of the wolf, the porcupine rolls up into a ball|she started to roll up her sleeping bag|we rolled up at the same time|roll up, roll up, for all the fun of the fair

definition:
(of a person or animal) curl up tightly.|turn something flexible over and over on itself to form a cylinder, tube, or ball.|casually arrive at a place.|used to encourage passers-by to look at or participate in something, typically at a fairground.|drive the flank of an enemy line back and round so that the line is shortened or surrounded.


word: ROLY-POLY
russian_word: неваляшка
example: a roly-poly young boy
definition: (of a person) having a round, plump appearance.
antonyms: thin|slender|skinny
origin: early 17th century: fanciful formation from the verb roll.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rəʊlɪˈpəʊli
phonetics_text: rəʊlɪˈpəʊli
synonyms:
chubby|plump|fat|stout|rotund|buxom|well upholstered|well covered|well padded|of ample proportions|ample|round|rounded|well rounded|full|fattish|dumpy|chunky|broad in the beam|portly|overweight|fleshy|paunchy|bulky|corpulent|tubby|pudgy|beefy|porky|blubbery|poddy|podgy|fubsy|lard-arsed|zaftig|corn-fed|pursy|abdominous


word: ROMA
russian_word: цыган
example: the Roma have a strong cultural heritage
origin: mid 19th century: Romani, plural of Rom.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊmə
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊmə
definition:
a people originating in South Asia and traditionally having an itinerant way of life, living widely dispersed across Europe and North and South America and speaking a language (Romani) that is related to Hindi.


word: ROMAN CATHOLIC
russian_word: католик
example: a Roman Catholic bishop
definition: relating to the Roman Catholic Church.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic:
late 16th century: translation of Latin (Ecclesia) Romana Catholica (et Apostolica) ‘Roman Catholic (and Apostolic Church’). It was apparently first used as a conciliatory term in place of the earlier Roman, Romanist, or Romish, considered derogatory.


word: ROMANCE
russian_word: романтика
synonyms: mystery|glamour|excitement|colourfulness|colour|exoticism|mystique|appeal|allure|fascination|charm
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈmans
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈmans|ˈrəʊmans
example:
I had a thirst for romance|the romance of the sea|the Arthurian romances|Elizabethan pastoral romances|the romance from The Gadfly became a popular favourite

definition:
a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love.|a quality or feeling of mystery, excitement, and remoteness from everyday life.|a medieval tale dealing with a hero of chivalry, of the kind common in the Romance languages.|a work of fiction depicting a setting and events remote from everyday life, especially one of a kind popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.|a short informal piece.

origin:
Middle English: from Romance, originally denoting a composition in the vernacular as opposed to works in Latin. Early use denoted vernacular verse on the theme of chivalry; the sense ‘genre centred on romantic love’ dates from the mid 17th century.


word: ROMANESQUE
russian_word: романский
origin: French, from roman ‘romance’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˌrəʊməˈnɛsk
phonetics_text: ˌrəʊməˈnɛsk
definition:
relating to a style of architecture which prevailed in Europe c. 900–1200, although sometimes dated back to the end of the Roman Empire (5th century).


word: ROMANIST
russian_word: католик
example: the guide of the Romanist is the dictum of the Pope
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊmənɪst
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊmənɪst
definition:
an expert in or student of Roman antiquities or law, or of the Romance languages.|a member or supporter of the Roman Catholic Church.


word: ROMANIZE
russian_word: романизировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrəʊmənʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊmənʌɪz
example:
romanized buildings|he has Romanized the services of his church|Atatürk's decision to romanize the written language

definition:
bring (a region, people, etc.) under Roman influence or authority.|make Roman Catholic in character.|put (text) into the Roman alphabet or into roman type.


word: ROMANTIC
russian_word: романтический
example: a romantic candlelit dinner|a romantic attitude to the past|the romantic tradition
antonyms: unromantic
synonyms: amorous|intimate|passionate|lovey-dovey
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪk
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪk
definition:
conducive to or characterized by the expression of love.|of, characterized by, or suggestive of an idealized view of reality.|relating to or denoting the artistic and literary movement of romanticism.

origin:
mid 17th century (referring to the characteristics of romance in a narrative): from archaic romaunt ‘tale of chivalry’, from an Old French variant of romanz (see romance).


word: ROMANTICISM
russian_word: романтизм
example: her sisters would temper that romanticism with a large pinch of realism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪsɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪsɪz(ə)m
definition:
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.|the state or quality of being romantic.


word: ROMANTICIZE
russian_word: романтизировать
example: the tendency to romanticize non-industrial societies
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪsʌɪz
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪsʌɪz
definition:
deal with or describe in an idealized or unrealistic fashion; make (something) seem better or more appealing than it really is.


word: ROMEO
russian_word: Ромео
example: I saw her heading out the door with some rug-chested young Romeo
origin: from the name of the hero of Shakespeare's romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊmɪəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊmɪəʊ
definition:
an attractive, passionate male seducer or lover.|a code word representing the letter R, used in radio communication.

synonyms:
ladies' man|Don Juan|Casanova|Lothario|womanizer|playboy|lover|seducer|philanderer|flirt|gigolo|stud|player|playa|wolf|ladykiller|skirt-chaser|gay dog|gallant


word: ROMP
russian_word: возня
example: the noisy pack of children romped around the gardens
definition: (especially of a child or animal) play roughly and energetically.
origin: early 18th century: perhaps an alteration of ramp.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɒmp
phonetics_text: rɒmp
synonyms:
play|frolic|frisk|gambol|jump about/around|spring about/around|bound about/around|skip|prance|caper|sport|cavort|rollick|curvet


word: RONDEAU
russian_word: рондо
origin: early 16th century: French, later form of rondel (see rondel).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒndəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrɒndəʊ
definition:
a poem of ten or thirteen lines with only two rhymes throughout and with the opening words used twice as a refrain.


word: RONDEL
russian_word: рондель
example: at the point where these paths join there is a rondel with a fountain
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from rond ‘round’; compare with roundel.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒnd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɒnd(ə)l
definition:
a rondeau, especially one of thirteen or fourteen lines set in three stanzas, with only two rhymes throughout and a two line refrain that opens the poem and recurs at the end of the second and third stanzas.|a circular object or shape.


word: RONDO
russian_word: рондо
origin: late 18th century: Italian, from French rondeau (see rondeau).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒndəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈrɒndəʊ
definition:
a musical form with a recurring leading theme, often found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto.


word: ROOD
russian_word: крест
origin: Old English rōd ; related to Dutch roede and German Rute ‘rod’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːd
phonetics_text: ruːd
definition:
a crucifix, especially one positioned above the rood screen of a church or on a beam over the entrance to the chancel.|a measure of land area equal to a quarter of an acre (40 square perches, approximately 0.1012 hectare).


word: ROOF
russian_word: крыша
example: the rain woke him, hammering on the roof|starting salary £12,185, rising to a roof of £16,835
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ruːf
phonetics_text: ruːf
definition:
the structure forming the upper covering of a building or vehicle.|the upper limit or level of prices or wages.

origin:
Old English hrōf, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse hróf ‘boat shed’, Dutch roef ‘deckhouse’. English alone has the general sense ‘covering of a house’; other Germanic languages use forms related to thatch .


word: ROOKERY
russian_word: лежбище
example: they congregate cheek by jowl in unwholesome rookeries chosen for cheapness and convenience
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʊk(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrʊk(ə)ri
definition:
a breeding colony of rooks, typically seen as a collection of nests high in a clump of trees.|a dense collection of housing, especially in a slum area.


word: ROOM
russian_word: номер
example: there's only room for a single bed in there|he wandered from room to room
synonyms: space|free space|headroom|legroom|area|territory|expanse|extent|volume|elbow room
origin: Old English rūm, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruim, German Raum .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ruːm
phonetics_text: ruːm|rʊm
definition:
space that can be occupied or where something can be done.|a part or division of a building enclosed by walls, floor, and ceiling.


word: ROOM
russian_word: номер
example: I was rooming with my cousin
definition: share a room, house, or flat, especially a rented one at a college or similar institution.
origin: Old English rūm, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruim, German Raum .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ruːm
phonetics_text: ruːm|rʊm
synonyms:
lodge|board|have rooms|live|stay|be quartered|be housed|be billeted|dwell|reside|be domiciled|sojourn


word: ROOMY
russian_word: вместительный
example: the cabin is roomy and well planned
definition: (especially of accommodation) having plenty of room; spacious.
antonyms: cramped|tiny|poky|tight-fitting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈruːmi
phonetics_text: ˈruːmi|ˈrʊmi
synonyms:
spacious|commodious|capacious|sizeable|generous|big|large|broad|wide|extensive|voluminous|ample|loose-fitting|boyfriend|slouchy|spacey


word: ROOST
russian_word: насест
example: birds were hurrying to their evening roosts
origin: Old English hrōst, related to Dutch roest ; of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ruːst
phonetics_text: ruːst
definition:
a place where birds regularly settle or congregate to rest at night, or where bats congregate to rest in the day.


word: ROOT
russian_word: корень
synonyms: radicle|rhizome|rootstock|tuber|tap root|rootlet|radicel
origin: late Old English rōt, from Old Norse rót ; related to Latin radix, also to wort.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ruːt
phonetics_text: ruːt
example:
cacti have deep and spreading roots|money is the root of all evil|make sure that these files can only be accessed by the root user

definition:
the part of a plant which attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibres.|the basic cause, source, or origin of something.|a number or quantity that when multiplied by itself, typically a specified number of times, gives a specified number or quantity.|a user account with full and unrestricted access to a system.|an act or instance of having sex.


word: ROOTLESS
russian_word: без корней
example: a rootless flowering plant|a rootless nomad
definition: (of a plant) not having roots.|having no settled home or social or family ties.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈruːtləs
phonetics_text: ˈruːtləs
synonyms:
itinerant|unsettled|drifting|roving|footloose|homeless|without family ties|of no fixed abode|without a settled home|vagabond


word: ROOT OUT
russian_word: вырывать с корнем
definition: find and get rid of a harmful or dangerous person or thing.|dig or pull up a plant by the roots.
antonyms: establish
example:
he made it his goal to root out all spies in his midst|I spent a day in the garden, rooting out rose bushes

synonyms:
eradicate|get rid of|eliminate|weed out|remove|destroy|put an end to|do away with|wipe out|stamp out|extirpate|abolish|extinguish|unearth|dig up|dig out|turn up|bring to light|uncover|discover|dredge up|ferret out|hunt out|nose out|expose


word: ROPE
russian_word: веревка
example: there was no way down, even with a rope|a rope of pearls|I want you to show her the ropes
antonyms: be a beginner
synonyms: cord|cable|line|strand|hawser|string
origin: Old English rāp, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch reep and German Reif .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rəʊp
phonetics_text: rəʊp
definition:
a length of thick strong cord made by twisting together strands of hemp, sisal, nylon, or similar material.|a quantity of roughly spherical objects such as onions or beads strung together.|the established procedures in an organization or area of activity.


word: ROPEWAY
russian_word: канатная дорога
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊpweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊpweɪ
definition:
a transport system for materials or people, used especially in mines or mountainous areas, in which carriers are suspended from moving cables powered by a motor.


word: ROQUET
russian_word: крокировка
example: once you roquet a ball you can hit it where you please
definition: strike (another ball) with one's own.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊkeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊkeɪ|ˈrəʊki
origin:
mid 19th century: apparently an arbitrary alteration of the verb croquet, originally used in the same sense.


word: RORQUAL
russian_word: кит-полосатик
definition: a baleen whale of streamlined appearance with pleated skin on the underside.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɔːkw(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɔːkw(ə)l
origin:
early 19th century: via French from Norwegian røyrkval, from Old Norse reythr, the specific name, + hvalr ‘whale’.


word: ROSARY
russian_word: четки
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊz(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊz(ə)ri
definition:
(in the Roman Catholic Church) a form of devotion in which five (or fifteen) decades of Hail Marys are repeated, each decade preceded by an Our Father and followed by a Glory Be.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘rose garden’): from Latin rosarium ‘rose garden’, based on rosa ‘rose’.


word: ROSE
russian_word: Роуз
example: the Tudor rose|the rose and gold of dawn
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rəʊz
phonetics_text: rəʊz
definition:
a prickly bush or shrub that typically bears red, pink, yellow, or white fragrant flowers, native to north temperate regions and widely grown as an ornamental.|a stylized representation of a rose in heraldry or decoration, typically with five petals (especially as a national emblem of England).|a warm pink or light crimson colour.|a perforated cap attached to a shower, the spout of a watering can, or the end of a hose to produce a spray.|short for compass rose.

origin:
Old English rōse, of Germanic origin, from Latin rosa ; reinforced in Middle English by Old French rose .


word: ROSEATE
russian_word: розовый
definition: rose-coloured.|optimistic or idealistic.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin roseus ‘rosy’ (from rosa ‘rose’) + -ate2.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊzɪət
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊzɪət
example:
the early, roseate light|his letters home give a very good, although somewhat too roseate, idea of how he lived


word: ROSEFINCH
russian_word: чечевица
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊzfɪntʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊzfɪntʃ
definition:
an Asian finch found chiefly in mountainous areas, the male of which has predominantly pinkish-red plumage.


word: ROSEMARY
russian_word: розмарин
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊzm(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊzm(ə)ri
definition:
an evergreen aromatic shrub of the mint family, native to southern Europe. The narrow leaves are used as a culinary herb, in perfumery, and as an emblem of remembrance.

origin:
Middle English rosmarine, based on Latin ros marinus, from ros ‘dew’ + marinus ‘of the sea’. The spelling change was due to association with rose1 and Mary1.


word: ROSETTE
russian_word: розетка
example: the showjumping rosettes Samantha had accumulated
origin: mid 18th century: from French, diminutive of rose (see rose1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈzɛt
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈzɛt
definition:
a rose-shaped decoration, typically made of ribbon, worn by supporters of a sports team or political party or awarded as a prize.|an object or arrangement resembling a rose.


word: ROSEWOOD
russian_word: розовое дерево
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊzwʊd
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊzwʊd
definition:
close-grained tropical timber with a distinctive fragrance, used particularly for making furniture and musical instruments.|the tree which produces rosewood.


word: ROSIN
russian_word: канифоль
example: they will also supply crushed colophony rosin
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin rosina, from Latin resina (see resin).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɒzɪn
phonetics_text: ˈrɒzɪn
definition:
resin, especially the solid amber residue obtained after the distillation of crude turpentine oleoresin, or of naphtha extract from pine stumps. It is used in adhesives, varnishes, and inks and for treating the bows of stringed instruments.


word: ROSTER
russian_word: список
example: next week's duty roster
definition: a list or plan showing turns of duty or leave for individuals or groups in an organization.
synonyms: list|listing|register|schedule|agenda|calendar|roll|directory|table|rota
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrɒstə
phonetics_text: ˈrɒstə
origin:
early 18th century (originally denoting a list of duties and leave for military personnel): from Dutch rooster ‘list’, earlier ‘gridiron’, from roosten ‘to roast’, with reference to its parallel lines.


word: ROSTRAL
russian_word: ростральный
example: the rostral portion of the brain|in these snakes the rostral shield is enlarged and flattened
origin: early 19th century: from rostrum + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrɒstr(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrɒstr(ə)l
definition:
situated or occurring near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth or (in an embryo) near the hypophyseal region.|of or on the rostrum.|(of a column, pillar, etc.) adorned with the beakheads of ancient warships or with representations of these.


word: ROSTRUM
russian_word: трибуна
synonyms: dais|platform|podium|stage|soapbox|mandapam|tribune
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒstrəm
phonetics_text: ˈrɒstrəm
example:
speaker after speaker stepped up to the rostrum|these beetles are very easily recognized by the rostrum or beak

definition:
a raised platform on which a person stands to make a public speech, receive an award or medal, play music, or conduct an orchestra.|a beaklike projection, especially a stiff snout or anterior prolongation of the head in an insect, crustacean, or cetacean.

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin, literally ‘beak’ (from rodere ‘gnaw’). The word was originally used (at first in the plural rostra ) to denote part of the Forum in Rome, which was decorated with the beaks of captured galleys, and was used as a platform for public speakers.


word: ROSY
russian_word: розовый
antonyms: pale|pallid|sallow
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊzi
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊzi
example:
the memory had the power to make her cheeks turn rosy|the strategy has produced results beyond the most rosy forecasts

definition:
(especially of a person's skin) coloured like a pink or red rose, typically as an indication of health, youth, or embarrassment.|promising or suggesting good fortune or happiness; hopeful.

synonyms:
pink|pinkish|rose pink|rose-coloured|roseate|red|reddish|rose red|glowing|healthy-looking|fresh|radiant|blooming|blushing|flushed|ruddy|high-coloured|rubicund|florid|erubescent|rubescent


word: ROT
russian_word: гниль
example: the chalets were neglected and their woodwork was rotting away|has anybody been rotting you?
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rɒt
phonetics_text: rɒt
definition:
(chiefly of animal or vegetable matter) decay or cause to decay by the action of bacteria and fungi; decompose.|make fun of; tease.

synonyms:
decay|decompose|disintegrate|crumble|become rotten|corrode|perish|go bad|go off|spoil|go sour|moulder|go mouldy|taint|putrefy|fester|become gangrenous|mortify|necrose|sphacelate

origin:
Old English rotian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rotten ; the noun (Middle English) may have come via Scandinavian.


word: ROTA
russian_word: расписание дежурств
example: a cleaning rota
synonyms: roster|list|schedule|register|timetable|calendar
origin: early 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘wheel’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊtə
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊtə
definition:
a list showing when each of a number of people has to do a particular job.|the supreme ecclesiastical and secular court of the Roman Catholic Church.


word: ROTARY PRESS
russian_word: ротация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrəʊt(ə)ri ˈprɛs
phonetics_text: ˌrəʊt(ə)ri ˈprɛs
definition:
a printing press that prints from a rotating cylindrical surface on to paper forced against it by another cylinder.


word: ROTATE
russian_word: вращаться
example: the wheel continued to rotate|the job of chairing the meeting rotates
origin: late 17th century: from Latin rotat- ‘turned in a circle’, from the verb rotare, from rota ‘wheel’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈteɪt
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈteɪt
definition:
move or cause to move in a circle round an axis or centre.|pass to each member of a group in a regularly recurring order.

synonyms:
revolve|go round|turn|turn round|move round|spin|gyrate|wheel|whirl|twirl|swivel|circle|pirouette|pivot|reel


word: ROTATION
russian_word: вращение
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin rotatio(n- ), from the verb rotare (see rotate).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the moon moves in the same direction as the earth's rotation|it has become common for senior academics to act as heads of department in rotation

definition:
the action of rotating about an axis or centre.|the passing of a privilege or responsibility to each member of a group in a regularly recurring order.

synonyms:
revolving|turning|spinning|gyration|wheeling|whirling|twirling|swivelling|circling|turn|revolution|spin|whirl|orbit


word: ROTATIONAL
russian_word: вращающийся
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
example:
the increased rotational speed of today's disc drives|reward all selected students on a rotational basis

definition:
using or relating to a circular movement about an axis or centre.|relating to or denoting a system in which privilege or responsibility is passed to each member of a group in a regularly recurring order.


word: ROTE
russian_word: наизусть
example: a poem learnt by rote in childhood
definition: mechanical or habitual repetition of something to be learned.
origin: Middle English (also in the sense ‘habit, custom’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rəʊt
phonetics_text: rəʊt
synonyms:
mechanically|automatically|without thinking|unthinkingly|parrot-fashion|mindlessly|from memory|by heart


word: ROTENONE
russian_word: ротенон
origin: 1920s: from Japanese rotenon (from roten ‘derris’) + -one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊtənəʊn
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊtənəʊn
definition:
a toxic crystalline substance obtained from the roots of derris and related plants, widely used as an insecticide.


word: ROTISSERIE
russian_word: приспособление с вертелом
origin: mid 19th century: from French rôtisserie, from rôtir ‘to roast’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈtɪs(ə)ri
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈtɪs(ə)ri
definition:
a restaurant specializing in roasted or barbecued meat.|a cooking appliance with a rotating spit for roasting and barbecuing meat.


word: ROTOGRAVURE
russian_word: ротогравюра
example: we would love to find a sheet suitable for rotogravure that is not exorbitantly priced
origin: early 20th century: from German Rotogravur, part of the name of a printing company.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrəʊtə(ʊ)ɡrəˈvjʊə
phonetics_text: ˌrəʊtə(ʊ)ɡrəˈvjʊə
definition:
a printing system using a rotary press with intaglio cylinders, typically running at high speed and used for long print runs of magazines and stamps.


word: ROTOR
russian_word: ротор
example: a rotor cloud
origin: early 20th century: formed irregularly from rotator.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊtə
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊtə
definition:
a hub with a number of radiating aerofoils that is rotated in an approximately horizontal plane to provide the lift for a helicopter or other rotary wing aircraft.|the rotating assembly in a turbine.|a large eddy in which the air circulates about a horizontal axis, especially in the lee of a mountain.


word: ROTTEN
russian_word: гнилой
example: rotten eggs|she was a rotten cook
definition: suffering from decay.|very bad.
antonyms: fresh|sound
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse rotinn .
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb
phonetic: ˈrɒt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈrɒt(ə)n
synonyms:
decaying|decayed|rotting|bad|off|decomposed|decomposing|putrid|putrescent|spoiled|spoilt|tainted|perished|mouldy|mouldering|mildewy|sour|rancid|rank|festering|fetid|stinking|smelly|unfit for human consumption|addled|maggoty|worm-eaten|wormy|flyblown|disintegrating|crumbling|falling to pieces|corroding|carious|black|caried


word: ROTTER
russian_word: дрянь
example: Rosemary had decided that all men were rotters
definition: a cruel, mean, or unkind person.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɒtə
phonetics_text: ˈrɒtə
synonyms:
scoundrel|rogue|villain|wretch|reprobate|beast|pig|swine|rat|creep|bastard|louse|snake|snake in the grass|skunk|dog|weasel|scumbag|heel|stinker|stinkpot|nasty piece of work|scrote|blighter|bad lot|spalpeen|rat fink|fink|butthole|dingo|hound|bounder|cad|blackguard|dastard|vagabond|knave|varlet|son of a bitch|SOB|shit


word: ROTUND
russian_word: пухлый
example: her brother was slim where she was rotund
definition: (of a person) large and plump.|(of speech or literary style) sonorous; grandiloquent.
antonyms: thin|slender|skinny
origin: late 15th century: from Latin rotundus, from rotare ‘rotate’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd
synonyms:
plump|chubby|fat|stout|roly-poly|fattish|portly|dumpy|chunky|broad in the beam|overweight|heavy|pot-bellied|beer-bellied|paunchy|Falstaffian|buxom|well upholstered|well covered|well padded|of ample proportions|ample|round|rounded|well rounded|full|flabby|fleshy|bulky|corpulent|obese|tubby|pudgy|beefy|porky|blubbery|poddy|podgy|fubsy|lard-arsed|zaftig|corn-fed|pursy|abdominous


word: ROTUNDA
russian_word: ротонда
example: a rotonda that exits on four roads into Greater Manila
definition: a round building or room, especially one with a dome.|a roundabout.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə
phonetics_text: rə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə
origin:
early 17th century: alteration of Italian rotonda (camera) ‘round (chamber)’, feminine of rotondo ‘round’ (see rotund).


word: ROUGE
russian_word: румяна
example: she wore patches of rouge on her cheeks
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: ruːʒ
phonetics_text: ruːʒ
definition:
a red powder or cream used as a cosmetic for colouring the cheeks or lips.|short for jeweller's rouge.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting the colour red): from French, ‘red’, from Latin rubeus . The cosmetic term dates from the mid 18th century.


word: ROUGH
russian_word: грубо
antonyms: flat|smooth|sleek
origin: Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh .
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun|verb
phonetic: rʌf
phonetics_text: rʌf
example:
they had to carry the victim across the rough, stony ground|pushchairs should be capable of withstanding rough treatment|the customers sat at rough wooden tables|his voice was rough with barely suppressed fury|they had a rough idea of when the murder took place|the teachers gave me a rough time because my image didn't fit

definition:
having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level.|(of a person or their behaviour) not gentle; violent or boisterous.|not finished tidily or decoratively; plain and basic.|(of a voice) harsh and rasping.|not exact or precise; approximate.|difficult and unpleasant or unfair.

synonyms:
uneven|irregular|bumpy|stony|rocky|broken|rugged|jaggy|craggy|rutted|pitted|rutty|coarse|bristly|scratchy|prickly|shaggy|hairy|hirsute|bushy|fuzzy|gnarled|knotty|lumpy|knobbly|nodular|nodulous|nodose|dry|leathery|weather-beaten|chapped|chafed|calloused|scaly|scabrous|furfuraceous


word: ROUGHAGE
russian_word: грубые корма
example: fresh fruit and wholemeal bread are important sources of roughage in the diet
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌfɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌfɪdʒ
definition:
fibrous indigestible material in vegetable foodstuffs which aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut.


word: ROUGHLY
russian_word: грубо
antonyms: gently|kindly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈrʌfli
phonetics_text: ˈrʌfli
example:
the man picked me up roughly|people were crouching over roughly built brick fireplaces|this is a walk of roughly 13 miles

definition:
in a manner lacking gentleness; harshly or violently.|in a manner lacking refinement and precision.|approximately.

synonyms:
violently|forcefully|forcibly|abruptly|unceremoniously|harshly|unkindly|severely|unsympathetically|brutally|savagely|inhumanly|mercilessly|cruelly|heartlessly


word: ROUGHNECK
russian_word: хулиган
example: the usual roughnecks and gangsters
definition: a rough and uncouth person.|an oil rig worker.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈrʌfnɛk
phonetics_text: ˈrʌfnɛk
synonyms:
ruffian|thug|scoundrel|villain|rogue|rascal|lout|hooligan|hoodlum|vandal|delinquent|rowdy|bully boy|bully|brute|larrikin|tough|bruiser|heavy|gorilla|yahoo|rough|yob|yobbo|bovver boy|lager lout|chav|hoodie|keelie|ned|hood|goon|roughie|hoon|miscreant|myrmidon


word: ROUGHNESS
russian_word: шероховатость
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌfnəs
phonetics_text: ˈrʌfnəs
example:
the craggy roughness of every peak|a certain amount of playfighting and roughness is normal for dogs|the roughness of his drawing|her voice has a throaty roughness to it

definition:
the quality or state of having an uneven or irregular surface.|the quality of lacking gentleness.|the quality of not being refined or completed.|the quality of sounding harsh and rasping.


word: ROUGH UP
russian_word: избивать
example: he was roughed up in jail while awaiting trial
definition: beat someone up.
synonyms:
beat up|beat|attack|assault|knock about|knock around|maltreat|mistreat|abuse|batter|manhandle|do over|bash up|work over|duff up|beat up on


word: ROUGHY
russian_word: австралийский ерш
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌfi
phonetics_text: ˈrʌfi
definition:
a marine fish with a deep laterally compressed body and large rough-edged scales which become spiny on the belly.|another term for ruff2 (sense 1).


word: ROULADE
russian_word: рулада
example: Mozart's Constanze sings her defiance in proudly beautiful roulades
origin: French, from rouler ‘to roll’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːˈlɑːd
phonetics_text: ruːˈlɑːd
definition:
a dish cooked or served in the form of a roll, typically made from a flat piece of meat, fish, or sponge, spread with a soft filling and rolled up into a spiral.|a florid passage of runs in classical music for a solo virtuoso, especially one sung to one syllable.


word: ROULEAU
russian_word: стопка монет, завернутых в бумагу
origin: late 17th century: French, from obsolete French roule ‘a roll’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːləʊ
phonetics_text: ˈruːləʊ|ruːˈləʊ
definition:
a cylindrical packet of coins.|a coil or roll of ribbon, knitted wool, or other material, especially used as trimming.


word: ROULETTE
russian_word: рулетка
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rʊˈlɛt
phonetics_text: rʊˈlɛt
definition:
a gambling game in which a ball is dropped on to a revolving wheel with numbered compartments, the players betting on the number at which the ball comes to rest.|a tool or machine with a revolving toothed wheel, used in engraving or for making slit-shaped perforations between postage stamps.

origin:
mid 18th century: from French, diminutive of rouelle ‘wheel’, from late Latin rotella, diminutive of Latin rota ‘wheel’.


word: ROUND
russian_word: круглый
antonyms: harsh|thin|reedy
origin: Middle English: from the Old French stem round-, from a variant of Latin rotundus ‘rotund’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|adverb|preposition|verb
phonetic: raʊnd
phonetics_text: raʊnd
example:
she was seated at a small, round table|a round glass ball|his rich, round voice went down well with the listeners|the size of the fleet is given in round numbers|she berated him in good round terms

definition:
shaped like a circle or cylinder.|shaped like a sphere.|(of a voice) rich and mellow; not harsh.|(of a number) expressed in convenient units rather than exactly, for example to the nearest whole number or multiple of ten.|not omitting or disguising anything; frank.

synonyms:
circular|disc-shaped|disc-like|ring-shaped|hoop-shaped|hooplike|annular|spherical|globular|ball-shaped|globe-shaped|orb-shaped|orblike|cylindrical|bulbous|bulb-shaped|balloon-like|convex|curved|curvilinear|rounded|rotund|cycloidal|discoid|discoidal|spheroid|spheroidal|globate|globose|orbicular|orbiculate


word: ROUNDABOUT
russian_word: карусель
example: turn right at the next roundabout
synonyms: rotary|traffic circle
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈraʊndəbaʊt
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndəbaʊt
definition:
a road junction at which traffic moves in one direction round a central island to reach one of the roads converging on it.|a large revolving device in a playground, for children to ride on.


word: ROUNDEL
russian_word: рондо
origin: Middle English: from Old French rondel, from ro(u)nd- (see round).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊnd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈraʊnd(ə)l
definition:
a small disc, especially a decorative medallion.|a short poem consisting of three stanzas of three lines each, rhyming alternately, with the opening words repeated as a refrain after the first and third stanzas. The form, a variant of the rondeau, was developed by Swinburne.


word: ROUNDELAY
russian_word: хоровод
definition: a short, simple song with a refrain.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndəleɪ
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndəleɪ
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French rondelet, from rondel (see rondel). The change in the ending was due to association with the final syllable of virelay.


word: ROUNDER
russian_word: круглее
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndə
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndə
definition:
(in rounders) a complete run of a player through all the bases as a unit of scoring.|a habitual criminal or disreputable person.


word: ROUNDERS
russian_word: английская лапта
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndəz
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndəz
definition:
a ball game played (chiefly in British schools) with a cylindrical wooden bat, in which players run round a circuit of bases after hitting the ball.


word: ROUNDHEAD
russian_word: круглоголовый
definition: a member or supporter of the Parliamentary party in the English Civil War.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndhɛd
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndhɛd
origin:
so named because of the short-cropped hairstyle of the Puritans, who formed an important element in the party.


word: ROUNDHOUSE
russian_word: с разворота
example: he caught Dad on the head with a roundhouse
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndhaʊs
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndhaʊs
definition:
a railway locomotive maintenance shed built around a turntable.|a blow given with a wide sweep of the arm.|a cabin or set of cabins on the after part of the quarterdeck of a sailing ship.


word: ROUNDLY
russian_word: резко
definition: in a vehement or emphatic manner.|so as to form a circular or roughly circular shape.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈraʊn(d)li
phonetics_text: ˈraʊn(d)li
example:
the latest attacks have been roundly condemned by campaigners for peace|he was a middle-aged, roundly built man


word: ROUND ON
russian_word: распекать
example: she rounded on me angrily
definition: make a sudden verbal attack on someone.
synonyms:
snap at|attack|turn on|set upon|weigh into|fly at|let fly at|lash out at|hit out at|lambast|bite someone's head off|jump down someone's throat|lay into|wade into|lace into|pitch into|tear into|have a go at|light into


word: ROUNDSMAN
russian_word: полицейский инспектор
example: a milk roundsman
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊn(d)zmən
phonetics_text: ˈraʊn(d)zmən
definition:
a trader's employee who goes round delivering and taking orders.|a police officer in charge of a patrol.|a journalist covering a specified subject.


word: ROUND TRIP
russian_word: круиз
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a journey to one or more places and back again, especially by a route that does not cover the same ground twice.


word: ROUND UP
russian_word: окружать
example: in the afternoon the cows are rounded up for milking
definition: drive or collect a number of people or animals together for a particular purpose.
antonyms: disperse|scatter
synonyms:
gather together|herd together|drive together|bring together|muster|marshal|rally|assemble|collect|group|corral|wrangle


word: ROUND-UP
russian_word: облава
example: each spring, there was a mass round-up of cattle
definition: a systematic gathering together of people or things.
antonyms: dispersal
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndʌp
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndʌp
synonyms:
gathering together|collecting up|collection|assembly|assembling|rally|rallying|muster|mustering|marshalling|herding together|rodeo|corralling|wrangling


word: ROUNDWOOD
russian_word: круглый лес
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊndwʊd
phonetics_text: ˈraʊndwʊd
definition:
timber which is left as small logs, not sawn into planks or chopped for fuel, typically taken from near the tops of trees and used for furniture.


word: ROUP
russian_word: Роап
definition: an auction.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: raʊp
phonetics_text: raʊp
origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘roar, croak’): of Scandinavian origin; compare with Old Norse raupa ‘boast, brag’.


word: ROUSE
russian_word: будить
antonyms: calm|pacify|appease
synonyms: wake|wake up|awaken|waken|arouse|call|get up|give someone a shout|knock up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: raʊz
phonetics_text: raʊz
example:
she was roused from a deep sleep by a hand on her shoulder|the crowds were roused to fever pitch by the drama of the race|rouse the beer as the hops are introduced|rouse the cable out

definition:
cause to stop sleeping.|make angry or excited.|stir (a liquid, especially beer while brewing).|haul (something) vigorously in the specified direction.

origin:
late Middle English (originally as a hawking and hunting term): probably from Anglo-Norman French, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: ROUSING
russian_word: воодушевляющий
example: a rousing speech|a fine rousing fire that will soon warm you
definition: exciting; stirring.|(of a fire) blazing strongly.
antonyms: dull|half-hearted
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈraʊzɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈraʊzɪŋ
synonyms:
stirring|inspiring|exciting|stimulating|moving|electrifying|invigorating|enlivening|animating|energizing|exhilarating|enthusiastic|vigorous|hearty|energetic|lively|spirited|animated|inflammatory|agitational|stem-winding|anthemic|inspiriting


word: ROUT
russian_word: разгром
example: the retreat degenerated into a rout|a rout of wolves consumed the last of the carcass
synonyms: disorderly retreat|retreat|flight|headlong flight
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: raʊt
phonetics_text: raʊt
definition:
a disorderly retreat of defeated troops.|an assembly of people who have made a move towards committing an illegal act which would constitute an offence of riot.|a large evening party or reception.|a pack of wolves.

origin:
Middle English: ultimately based on Latin ruptus ‘broken’, from the verb rumpere ; sense 1 and the verb (late 16th century) are from obsolete French route, probably from Italian rotta ‘break-up of an army’; the other senses are via Anglo-Norman French rute .


word: ROUTE
russian_word: маршрут
example: the scenic route from Florence to Siena
definition: a way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination.
synonyms: way|course|road|path|avenue|direction|circuit|round|beat|passage|journey|flight path
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ruːt
phonetics_text: ruːt
origin:
Middle English: from Old French rute ‘road’, from Latin rupta (via) ‘broken (way)’, feminine past participle of rumpere .


word: ROUTER
russian_word: маршрутизатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈraʊtə
phonetics_text: ˈraʊtə
definition:
a power tool with a shaped cutter, used in carpentry for making grooves for joints, decorative mouldings, etc.


word: ROUTINE
russian_word: рутина
example: I settled down into a routine of work and sleep
definition: a sequence of actions regularly followed.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ruːˈtiːn
phonetics_text: ruːˈtiːn
synonyms:
procedure|practice|pattern|drill|regime|regimen|groove|programme|schedule|plan|formula|method|system|order|ways|customs|habits|usages|wont|modus operandi|praxis

origin:
late 17th century (denoting a regular course or procedure): from French, from route ‘road’ (see route).


word: ROVE
russian_word: бродить
example: he spent most of the 1990s roving about the Caribbean
definition: travel constantly without a fixed destination; wander.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rəʊv
phonetics_text: rəʊv
synonyms:
wander|roam|ramble|drift|meander|go hither and thither|maunder|range|travel about|gallivant|stravaig|streel|vagabond|circumambulate|peregrinate

origin:
late 15th century (originally a term in archery in the sense ‘shoot at a casual mark of undetermined range’): perhaps from dialect rave ‘to stray’, probably of Scandinavian origin.


word: ROVER
russian_word: пират
example: they became rovers who departed further and further from civilization|a lunar rover
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊvə
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊvə
definition:
a person who spends their time wandering.|(in various sports) a player not restricted to a particular position on the field.|a vehicle for driving over rough terrain, especially one driven by remote control over extraterrestrial terrain.|a ball that has passed all the hoops but not pegged out.|a mark for long-distance shooting.|a member of a Scouting organization aged around 17–24.

synonyms:
wanderer|traveller|globetrotter|drifter|bird of passage|roamer|itinerant|transient|nomad|gypsy|tramp|vagrant|vagabond|hobo|gadabout|landloper


word: ROVING
russian_word: бродячий
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrəʊvɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊvɪŋ
example:
the fragments of pottery were believed to belong to a community of roving hunter-gatherers|he trained as a roving reporter

definition:
constantly moving from one area or place to another.|(of a person in relation to their job) travelling or required to travel to different locations.


word: ROWAN
russian_word: рябина
definition: a small deciduous tree of the rose family, with compound leaves, white flowers, and red berries.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrəʊən
phonetics_text: ˈrəʊən|ˈraʊən
origin:
late 15th century (originally Scots and northern English): of Scandinavian origin; compare with Norwegian rogn .


word: ROWDY
russian_word: дебошир
example: it was a rowdy but good-natured crowd
definition: noisy and disorderly.
antonyms: peaceful|quiet|restrained
origin: early 19th century (originally US in the sense ‘lawless backwoodsman’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈraʊdi
phonetics_text: ˈraʊdi
synonyms:
unruly|disorderly|badly behaved|obstreperous|riotous|unrestrained|undisciplined|ill-disciplined|unmanageable|uncontrollable|ungovernable|uncontrolled|disruptive|out of hand|out of control|rough|wild|turbulent|lawless|boisterous|irrepressible|uproarious|rollicking|roisterous|rackety|noisy|loud|clamorous|rumbustious|rambunctious|rampageous


word: ROWEL
russian_word: колесико шпоры
definition: a spiked revolving disc at the end of a spur.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈraʊ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈraʊ(ə)l
origin:
Middle English: from Old French roel(e ), from late Latin rotella, diminutive of Latin rota ‘wheel’.


word: ROYALTY
russian_word: роялти
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrɔɪəlti
phonetics_text: ˈrɔɪəlti
example:
diplomats, heads of state, and royalty shared tables at the banquet|the royalties paid to writers for recorded music

definition:
people of royal blood or status.|a sum paid to a patentee for the use of a patent or to an author or composer for each copy of a book sold or for each public performance of a work.|a royal right (now especially over minerals) granted by the sovereign to an individual or corporation.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French roialte, from roial (see royal). The sense ‘royal right (especially over minerals’) (late 15th century) developed into the sense ‘payment made by a mineral producer to the site owner’ (mid 19th century), which was then transferred to payments for the use of patents and published materials.


word: RUB
russian_word: руб
synonyms: massage|knead|stroke|pat
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rʌb
phonetics_text: rʌb
example:
she rubbed her arm, where she had a large bruise|many insects make noises by rubbing parts of their bodies together

definition:
apply firm pressure to the surface of (something), using a repeated back and forth motion.|(with reference to two things) move or cause to move to and fro against each other with a certain amount of friction.

origin:
Middle English (as a verb): perhaps from Low German rubben, of unknown ultimate origin. The noun dates from the late 16th century.


word: RUBATO
russian_word: рубато
origin: Italian, literally ‘robbed’.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: rʊˈbɑːtəʊ
phonetics_text: rʊˈbɑːtəʊ
definition:
the temporary disregarding of strict tempo to allow an expressive quickening or slackening, usually without altering the overall pace.


word: RUBBER
russian_word: резина
example: heat and sunlight may cause rubber to deteriorate|a pencil with a rubber at the end
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌbə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌbə
definition:
a tough elastic polymeric substance made from the latex of a tropical plant or synthetically.|a piece of rubber used for erasing pencil or ink marks.|rubber boots; galoshes.|a condom.

origin:
mid 16th century: from the verb rub + -er1. The original sense was ‘an implement (such as a hard brush) used for rubbing and cleaning’. Because an early use of the elastic substance (previously known as caoutchouc) was to rub out pencil marks, rubber gained the sense ‘eraser’ in the late 18th century The sense was subsequently (mid 19th century) generalized to refer to the substance in any form or use, at first often differentiated as India rubber.


word: RUBBER PLANT
russian_word: фикус
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
an evergreen tree of the fig family, which has large dark green shiny leaves and is widely cultivated as a houseplant. Native to SE Asia, it was formerly grown as a source of rubber.|another term for rubber tree.


word: RUBBER STAMP
russian_word: стереотипная фраза
example: the Commission were accused of being a rubber stamp for the police department
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a handheld device for inking and imprinting a message or design on a surface.|a person or organization that gives automatic approval or authorization to the decisions of others, without proper consideration.


word: RUBBING
russian_word: трение
example: dab at the stain—vigorous rubbing could damage the carpet
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌbɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌbɪŋ
definition:
the action of rubbing something.|an impression of a design on brass or stone, made by rubbing on paper laid over it with coloured wax, pencil, chalk, etc.


word: RUBBISH
russian_word: мусор
example: householders may be charged for the removal of non-recyclable rubbish
definition: waste material; refuse or litter.
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌbɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌbɪʃ
synonyms:
refuse|waste|garbage|litter|discarded matter|debris|detritus|scrap|dross|flotsam and jetsam|lumber|sweepings|leavings|leftovers|scraps|dregs|offscourings|odds and ends|muck|trash|mullock|dreck|junk|grot|gash|debitage|draff|raffle|raff|cultch|orts

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French rubbous ; perhaps related to Old French robe ‘spoils’; compare with rubble. The change in the ending was due to association with -ish1. The verb (1950s) was originally Australian and New Zealand slang.


word: RUBBISHY
russian_word: никуда не годный
example: rubbishy reality TV shows
definition: of poor quality and little value.
antonyms: high-quality
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌbɪʃi
phonetics_text: ˈrʌbɪʃi
synonyms:
worthless|valueless|trashy|inferior|unsatisfactory|substandard|second-rate|third-rate|poor-quality|low-quality|low-grade|cheap|shoddy|tawdry|gimcrack|twopenny-halfpenny|bad|poor|dreadful|awful|terrible|frightful|atrocious|crummy|appalling|abysmal|lousy|dire|tacky|duff|chronic|rubbish|poxy|pants|a load of pants|farkakte|crap|crappy|chickenshit


word: RUBBLE
russian_word: бут
example: two buildings collapsed, trapping scores of people in the rubble
synonyms: debris|remains|ruins|wreckage|broken bricks
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌb(ə)l
definition:
waste or rough fragments of stone, brick, concrete, etc., especially as the debris from the demolition of buildings.

origin:
late Middle English: perhaps from an Anglo-Norman French alteration of Old French robe ‘spoils’; compare with rubbish.


word: RUBEOLA
russian_word: корь
definition: medical term for measles.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʊˈbiːələ
phonetics_text: rʊˈbiːələ
origin:
late 17th century: from medieval Latin, diminutive (on the pattern of variola ) of Latin rubeus ‘red’.


word: RUBICON
russian_word: Рубикон
origin: late 19th century: from Rubicon.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈruːbɪk(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈruːbɪk(ə)n|ˈruːbɪkɒn
definition:
(in piquet) an act of winning a game against an opponent whose total score is less than 100, in which case the loser's score is added to rather than subtracted from the winner's.


word: RUBIDIUM
russian_word: рубидий
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Latin rubidus ‘red’ (with reference to its spectral lines).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʊˈbɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: rʊˈbɪdɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 37, a rare soft silvery reactive metal of the alkali metal group.


word: RUB OFF
russian_word: обтирать
example: when parents are having a hard time, their tension can easily rub off on the kids
definition: be transferred by contact or association.
antonyms: have no effect on|be water off a duck's back to
synonyms:
be transferred to|be passed on to|be transmitted to|be communicated to|affect|influence|have an effect on


word: RUB OUT
russian_word: оттирать
definition: erase pencil marks with a rubber.|(of a gangster or assassin) kill someone.
antonyms: add|leave
synonyms: erase|delete|scrub out|wipe off|remove|efface|obliterate|expunge
example:
he rubbed out a couple of lines and carried on drawing|you can bet he's been rubbed out for business reasons


word: RUBRIC
russian_word: рубрика
definition: a heading on a document.|a set of instructions or rules.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːbrɪk
phonetics_text: ˈruːbrɪk
origin:
late Middle English rubrish (originally referring to a heading, section of text, etc. written in red for distinctiveness), from Old French rubriche, from Latin rubrica (terra) ‘red (earth or ochre as writing material)’, from the base of rubeus ‘red’; the later spelling is influenced by the Latin form.


word: RUBRICATE
russian_word: разбивать на абзацы
example: a 42-line Bible, which a scribe finished rubricating on 24 August 1456
definition: add elaborate, typically red, capital letters or other decorations to (a manuscript).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈruːbrɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈruːbrɪkeɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin rubricat- ‘marked in red’, from the verb rubricare, from rubrica (see rubric).


word: RUBY
russian_word: рубин
example: a necklace of rubies
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːbi
phonetics_text: ˈruːbi
definition:
a precious stone consisting of corundum in colour varieties varying from deep crimson or purple to pale rose.|an old type size equal to 5 1/2 points.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French rubi, from medieval Latin rubinus, from the base of Latin rubeus ‘red’.


word: RUCK
russian_word: морщина
definition: a loose scrum formed around a player with the ball on the ground.|a tightly packed crowd of people.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rʌk
phonetics_text: rʌk
example:
players will be encouraged to go to the ground when tackled to form a ruck|Harry squeezed through the ruck to order another pint

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘stack of fuel, heap’): apparently of Scandinavian origin; compare with Norwegian ruke ‘heap of hay’.


word: RUCKSACK
russian_word: рюкзак
origin: mid 19th century: from German, from rucken (dialect variant of Rücken ‘back’) + Sack ‘bag, sack’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌksak
phonetics_text: ˈrʌksak|ˈrʊksak
definition:
a bag with shoulder straps which allow it to be carried on someone's back, typically made of a strong, waterproof material and widely used by hikers.


word: RUCTION
russian_word: гвалт
example: she acted as if there'd been no earlier ruction
definition: a disturbance or quarrel.
origin: early 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈrʌkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
disturbance|noise|racket|din|commotion|fuss|pother|uproar|furore|hue and cry|rumpus|ruckus|fracas|altercation|quarrel|an outcry|trouble|the devil to pay|hell to pay|to-do|carry-on|hullabaloo|hoo-ha|ballyhoo|stink|row|kerfuffle|foofaraw


word: RUDBECKIA
russian_word: рудбекия
origin: modern Latin, named after Olaf Rudbeck (1660–1740), Swedish botanist.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːdˈbɛkɪə
phonetics_text: ruːdˈbɛkɪə|rʌdˈbɛkɪə
definition:
a North American plant of the daisy family, with yellow or orange flowers and a dark cone-shaped centre.


word: RUDDER
russian_word: руль
definition: a flat piece hinged vertically near the stern of a boat or ship for steering.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌdə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌdə
origin:
Old English rōther  ‘paddle, oar’, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch roer, German Ruder, also to the verb row2.


word: RUDDY
russian_word: румяный
example: a cheerful pipe-smoking man of ruddy complexion|young people today, they're a ruddy shower
definition: (of a person's face) having a healthy red colour.|used as a euphemism for ‘bloody’.
origin: late Old English rudig, from the base of archaic rud ‘red colour’; related to red.
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈrʌdi
phonetics_text: ˈrʌdi
synonyms:
complete|total|utter|damn|damned|blasted|blessed|flaming|confounded|blithering|flipping|blinking|blooming|bloody|bleeding|effing|chuffing|goddam|doggone|plurry|bally|fucking|frigging|fecking


word: RUDE
russian_word: грубый
antonyms: polite|civil|chivalrous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ruːd
phonetics_text: ruːd
example:
she had been rude to her boss|the war came as a very rude awakening|Isabel had always been in rude health|a rude coffin

definition:
offensively impolite or bad-mannered.|having a startling abruptness.|vigorous or hearty.|roughly made or done; lacking sophistication.

synonyms:
ill-mannered|bad-mannered|impolite|discourteous|impertinent|insolent|impudent|cheeky|audacious|presumptuous|uncivil|disrespectful|unmannerly|ill-bred|churlish|crass|curt|brusque|blunt|ungracious|graceless|brash|unpleasant|disagreeable|offhand|short|sharp|offensive|insulting|derogatory|disparaging|abusive|tactless|undiplomatic|uncomplimentary|uncharitable|unchivalrous|ungallant|ungentlemanly|unladylike|malapert|contumelious|underbred|mannerless

origin:
Middle English(in rude (sense 4), also ‘uncultured’): from Old French, from Latin rudis ‘unwrought’ (referring to handicraft), figuratively ‘uncultivated’; related to rudus ‘broken stone’.


word: RUDENESS
russian_word: грубость
example: what I will not tolerate is rudeness
definition: lack of manners; discourteousness.|roughness or simplicity.
antonyms: politeness|good manners
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːdnəs
phonetics_text: ˈruːdnəs
synonyms:
discourteousness|discourtesy|lack of manners|bad manners|impoliteness|impertinence|impudence|insolence|effrontery|audacity|presumptuousness|cheek|cheekiness|incivility|disrespect|disrespectfulness|churlishness|crassness|curtness|brusqueness|bluntness|ungraciousness|brashness|sharpness|abusiveness|tactlessness|lack of tact|lack of diplomacy|ungentlemanly behaviour|unladylike behaviour|boorishness|uncouthness|lip|sauce|backchat|back talk|smart mouth|sass|malapertness|contumely


word: RUDIMENT
russian_word: рудимент
example: she taught the girls the rudiments of reading and writing|the fetal lung rudiment
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːdɪm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈruːdɪm(ə)nt
definition:
the first principles of (a subject).|an undeveloped or immature part or organ, especially a structure in an embryo or larva which will develop into an organ, limb, etc.|a basic pattern used by drummers, such as the roll, the flam, and the paradiddle.

synonyms:
basic principles|basics|fundamentals|elements|essentials|first principles|beginnings|foundation|nuts and bolts|ABC

origin:
mid 16th century: from French, or from Latin rudimentum, from rudis ‘unwrought’, on the pattern of elementum ‘element’.


word: RUE
russian_word: рута
example: Ferguson will rue the day he turned down that offer
definition: bitterly regret (something one has done or allowed to happen) and wish it undone.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ruː
phonetics_text: ruː
synonyms:
regret|be sorry about|feel remorse for|repent of|reproach oneself for|kick oneself for|deplore|lament|bemoan|bewail

origin:
Old English hrēow  ‘repentance’, hrēowan  ‘affect with contrition’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rouw ‘mourning’ and German Reue ‘remorse’.


word: RUEFUL
russian_word: горестный
example: she gave a rueful grin
definition: expressing sorrow or regret, especially in a wry or humorous way.
antonyms: happy|unrepentant
origin: Middle English (also in the sense ‘pitiable’): from the noun rue1 + -ful.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈruːfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈruːfʊl|ˈruːf(ə)l
synonyms:
sorrowful|regretful|apologetic|sorry|remorseful|shamefaced|sheepish|hangdog|contrite|repentant|penitent|conscience-stricken|self-reproachful|woebegone|woeful|sad|melancholy|mournful|compunctious


word: RUFF
russian_word: ерш
example: an Elizabethan ruff|a ruff of long pointed feathers
origin: early 16th century (first used denoting a frill around a sleeve): probably from a variant of rough.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌf
phonetics_text: rʌf
definition:
a projecting starched frill worn round the neck, characteristic of Elizabethan and Jacobean costume.|a projecting or conspicuously coloured ring of feathers or hair round the neck of a bird or mammal.|a pigeon of a domestic breed with a ruff of feathers on its neck.|a North Eurasian wading bird, the male of which has a large variously coloured ruff and ear tufts in the breeding season, used in display.


word: RUFFE
russian_word: ерша
origin: late Middle English: probably from a variant of rough.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌf
phonetics_text: rʌf
definition:
a European freshwater fish of the perch family, with a greenish-brown back and yellow sides and underparts.


word: RUFF
russian_word: ерш
example: declarer ruffed and then led a heart
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: rʌf
phonetics_text: rʌf
definition:
(in bridge, whist, and similar card games) play a trump in a trick which was led in a different suit.

origin:
late 16th century (originally the name of a card game resembling whist): from Old French rouffle, a parallel formation to Italian ronfa (perhaps an alteration of trionfo ‘a trump’).


word: RUFFIAN
russian_word: хулиган
definition: a violent person, especially one involved in crime.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌfɪən
phonetics_text: ˈrʌfɪən
synonyms:
thug|roughneck|scoundrel|villain|rogue|rascal|lout|hooligan|hoodlum|vandal|delinquent|rowdy|bully boy|bully|brute|larrikin|tough|bruiser|heavy|gorilla|yahoo|rough|yob|yobbo|bovver boy|lager lout|chav|hoodie|keelie|ned|hood|goon|roughie|hoon|miscreant|myrmidon

origin:
late 15th century: from Old French ruffian, from Italian ruffiano, perhaps from dialect rofia ‘scab, scurf’, of Germanic origin.


word: RUFFLE
russian_word: рябить
example: the father laughs and jovially ruffles his son's hair
definition: disorder or disarrange (someone's hair), typically by running one's hands through it.
antonyms: smooth
origin: Middle English (as a verb): of unknown origin. Current noun senses date from the mid 17th century.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌf(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌf(ə)l
synonyms:
disarrange|tousle|dishevel|rumple|run one's fingers through|make untidy|tumble|riffle|disorder|mess up|make a mess of|tangle|muss|muss up


word: RUG
russian_word: ковер
example: an oriental rug
synonyms: mat|carpet|floorcloth
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɡ
phonetics_text: rʌɡ
definition:
a floor covering of thick woven material or animal skin, typically not extending over the entire floor.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting a type of coarse woollen cloth): probably of Scandinavian origin; compare with Norwegian dialect rugga ‘coverlet’, Swedish rugg ‘ruffled hair’; related to rag1. The sense ‘small carpet’ dates from the early 19th century.


word: RUGBY
russian_word: регби
origin: mid 19th century: named after Rugby School (see Rugby), where the game was first played.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌɡbi
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɡbi
definition:
a team game played with an oval ball that may be kicked, carried, and passed from hand to hand. Points are scored by grounding the ball behind the opponents' goal line (thereby scoring a try) or by kicking it between the two posts and over the crossbar of the opponents' goal.


word: RUGGED
russian_word: прочный
example: a rugged coastline|the binoculars are compact, lightweight, and rugged
antonyms: smooth
synonyms: rough|uneven|bumpy|rocky|stony|irregular|pitted|broken up|jagged|craggy|precipitous
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌɡɪd
phonetics_text: ˈrʌɡɪd
definition:
(of ground or terrain) having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface.|(of clothing, equipment, etc.) strongly made and capable of withstanding rough handling.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘shaggy’, also (of a horse) ‘rough-coated’): probably of Scandinavian origin; compare with Swedish rugga ‘roughen’, also with rug.


word: RUIN
russian_word: руины
example: a large white house falling into gentle ruin
antonyms: reconstruction|preservation
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈruːɪn
phonetics_text: ˈruːɪn
definition:
the physical destruction or disintegration of something or the state of disintegrating or being destroyed.

synonyms:
disintegration|decay|disrepair|dilapidation|falling to pieces|decrepitude|ruination|destruction|devastation|damage|demolition|wreckage

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘collapse of a building’): from Old French ruine, from Latin ruina, from ruere ‘to fall’.


word: RUINED
russian_word: разрушенный
example: a ruined castle
definition: (of a building or place) reduced to a state of decay, collapse, or disintegration.
antonyms: intact|well maintained
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈruːɪnd
phonetics_text: ˈruːɪnd
synonyms:
derelict|in ruins|gone to rack and ruin|dilapidated|ruinous|tumbledown|ramshackle|broken-down|decrepit|in disrepair|falling to pieces|falling apart|crumbling|decaying|disintegrating|neglected|uncared-for|shambly|shacky|munted|blasted


word: RUINOUS
russian_word: губительный
example: a ruinous effect on the environment|the castle is ruinous
definition: disastrous or destructive.|in ruins; dilapidated.
antonyms: beneficial
origin: late Middle English (also in the sense ‘falling down’): from Latin ruinosus, from ruina (see ruin).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈruːɪnəs
phonetics_text: ˈruːɪnəs
synonyms:
disastrous|devastating|catastrophic|calamitous|cataclysmic|crippling|crushing|dire|injurious|damaging|destructive|harmful|costly


word: RULE
russian_word: правило
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ruːl
phonetics_text: ruːl
example:
the rules of cricket|the revolution brought an end to British rule|such accidents are the exception rather than the rule

definition:
one of a set of explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct or procedure within a particular area of activity.|control of or dominion over an area or people.|the normal or customary state of things.|a strip of wood or other rigid material used for measuring length or marking straight lines; a ruler.|short for Australian Rules.

synonyms:
regulation|ruling|directive|order|court order|act|law|by-law|statute|edict|canon|ordinance|pronouncement|mandate|command|dictate|dictum|decree|fiat|proclamation|injunction|commandment|prescription|stipulation|requirement|precept|guideline|direction|ukase|pronunciamento

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reule (noun), reuler (verb), from late Latin regulare, from Latin regula ‘straight stick’.


word: RULE
russian_word: правило
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ruːl
phonetics_text: ruːl
example:
the region today is ruled by elected politicians|an industrial tribunal ruled that he was unfairly dismissed from his job|rule the pages horizontally and print the information within the rules.|in the jutes section Indus and Pak Jute ruled firm

definition:
exercise ultimate power or authority over (an area and its people).|pronounce authoritatively and legally to be the case.|make parallel lines across (paper).|(of a price or a traded commodity with regard to its price) have a specified general level or strength.

synonyms:
govern|preside over|control|have control of|be in control of|lead|be the leader of|dominate|run|head|direct|administer|manage|regulate|sway|be in power|be in control|hold sway|be in authority|be in command|be in charge|be at the helm|reign|sit on the throne|wear the crown|wield the sceptre|be monarch|be sovereign

origin:
Middle English: from Old French reule (noun), reuler (verb), from late Latin regulare, from Latin regula ‘straight stick’.


word: RULE OF THREE
russian_word: тройное правило
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a method of finding a number in the same ratio to a given number as exists between two other given numbers.


word: RULER
russian_word: правитель
antonyms: subject
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːlə
phonetics_text: ˈruːlə
definition:
a person exercising government or dominion.|a straight strip or cylinder of plastic, wood, metal, or other rigid material, typically marked at regular intervals and used to draw straight lines or measure distances.

synonyms:
leader|sovereign|monarch|potentate|crowned head|head of state|overlord|chief|chieftain|lord|dynast|despot|dictator|tyrant|autocrat|tetrarch|ethnarch|autarch


word: RULING
russian_word: правящий
example: the ruling was reversed in the appeal court
definition: an authoritative decision or pronouncement, especially one made by a judge.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈruːlɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈruːlɪŋ
synonyms:
decision|pronouncement|resolution|decree|determination|injunction|judgement|adjudication|finding|verdict|sentence


word: RUMBLE
russian_word: грохот
synonyms: boom|thunder|roll|roar|resound|reverberate|echo|grumble|growl
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌmb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌmb(ə)l
example:
thunder rumbled, lightning flickered|it wouldn't need a genius to rumble my little game|the five of them rumbled with the men in the other car

definition:
make a continuous deep, resonant sound.|discover (an illicit activity or its perpetrator).|take part in a street fight between gangs or large groups.

origin:
late Middle English: probably from Middle Dutch rommelen, rummelen, of imitative origin. Sense 2 of the verb may be a different word.


word: RUMBUSTIOUS
russian_word: шумный
example: rumbustious football fans
definition: boisterous or unruly.
antonyms: restrained|quiet
origin: late 18th century: probably an alteration of archaic robustious ‘boisterous, robust’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: rʌmˈbʌstʃəs
phonetics_text: rʌmˈbʌstʃəs|rʌmˈbʌstɪəs
synonyms:
boisterous|unrestrained|irrepressible|exuberant|uproarious|rollicking|roisterous|rackety|noisy|loud|clamorous|unruly|disorderly|rowdy|badly behaved|riotous|undisciplined|ill-disciplined|unmanageable|uncontrollable|ungovernable|uncontrolled|obstreperous|disruptive|wild|rough|rambunctious|rampageous|robustious


word: RUMEN
russian_word: рубец
origin: early 18th century: from Latin, literally ‘throat’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːmɛn
phonetics_text: ˈruːmɛn
definition:
the first stomach of a ruminant, which receives food or cud from the oesophagus, partly digests it with the aid of bacteria, and passes it to the reticulum.


word: RUMINANT
russian_word: жвачный
example: he was destined to become a ruminant, a haunter of libraries
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈruːmɪnənt
phonetics_text: ˈruːmɪnənt
definition:
an even-toed ungulate mammal that chews the cud regurgitated from its rumen. The ruminants comprise the cattle, sheep, antelopes, deer, giraffes, and their relatives.|a contemplative person; a person given to meditation.

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin ruminant- ‘chewing over again’, from the verb ruminari, from rumen ‘throat’ (see rumen).


word: RUMINATE
russian_word: размышлять
example: we sat ruminating on the nature of existence|goats ruminated nonchalantly around them
definition: think deeply about something.|(of a ruminant) chew the cud.
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin ruminat- ‘chewed over’, from the verb ruminari .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈruːmɪneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈruːmɪneɪt
synonyms:
think about|contemplate|consider|give thought to|give consideration to|mull over|meditate on|muse on|ponder on/over|deliberate about/on|cogitate about/on|dwell on|brood on/over|agonize over|worry about|chew over|puzzle over|turn over in one's mind|pore on


word: RUMMAGE
russian_word: рыться
example: he rummaged in his pocket for a handkerchief
definition: search unsystematically and untidily through something.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌmɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌmɪdʒ
synonyms:
search (through)|hunt through|scrabble about in|scrabble around in|root about in|root around in|ferret (about) in|ferret (around) in|fish about in|fish around in|poke around in|dig in|grub about in|delve in|go through|explore|sift through|rifle through|scour|ransack|turn over|rootle around in|fossick through|roust around in

origin:
late 15th century: from Old French arrumage, from arrumer ‘stow (in a hold)’, from Middle Dutch ruim ‘room’. In early use the word referred to the arranging of items such as casks in the hold of a ship, giving rise (early 17th century) to the verb sense ‘make a search of (a vessel’).


word: RUMMER
russian_word: кубок
definition: a large drinking glass.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌmə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌmə
origin:
mid 17th century: of Low Dutch origin; related to Dutch roemer ; the original meaning is perhaps ‘Roman glass’.


word: RUMMY
russian_word: странный
origin: early 20th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌmi
phonetics_text: ˈrʌmi
definition:
a card game, sometimes played with two packs, in which the players try to form sets and sequences of cards.


word: RUMOUR
russian_word: слух
example: they were investigating rumours of a massacre
definition: a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.
antonyms: hard facts
origin: late Middle English: from Old French rumur, from Latin rumor ‘noise’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈruːmə
phonetics_text: ˈruːmə
synonyms:
gossip|hearsay|talk|tittle-tattle|the grapevine|the word on the street|goss|scuttlebutt|poop|tea|furphy|fame|piece of gossip|report|story|whisper|canard|speculation|information|word|news|on dit|buzz|bruit


word: RUMP
russian_word: огузок
synonyms: remainder|remaining part/number|rest|remnant|remnants|remains|those left
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌmp
phonetics_text: rʌmp
example:
the harrier is distinguished by its prominent white rump|once the profitable enterprises have been sold the unprofitable rump will be left

definition:
the hind part of the body of a mammal or the lower back of a bird.|a small or unimportant remnant of something originally larger.

origin:
late Middle English: probably of Scandinavian origin; compare with Danish and Norwegian rumpe ‘backside’.


word: RUMPLE
russian_word: мять
example: the girl rumpled his thin streaky hair
definition: give a creased, ruffled, or dishevelled appearance to.
antonyms: smooth (out)|smooth
origin: early 16th century (as a noun in the sense ‘wrinkle’): from Middle Dutch rompel .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌmp(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌmp(ə)l
synonyms:
crumple|crease|wrinkle|tumble|crush|crinkle|ruck|ruck up|scrunch up|disorder|ruckle|ruffle|disarrange|tousle|dishevel|run one's fingers through|riffle|make untidy|mess up|make a mess of|muss|muss up


word: RUMPUS
russian_word: шум
example: he caused a rumpus with his flair for troublemaking
definition: a noisy disturbance; a row.
origin: mid 18th century: probably fanciful.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌmpəs
phonetics_text: ˈrʌmpəs
synonyms:
disturbance|commotion|uproar|confusion|furore|brouhaha|hue and cry|ruckus|fuss|fracas|melee|tumult|riot|brawl|free-for-all|scuffle|struggle|altercation|quarrel|noise|racket|din|outcry|donnybrook|to-do|carry-on|ruction|shindig|shindy|hullabaloo|hoo-ha|ballyhoo|dust-up|scrap|stink|row|kerfuffle|stooshie|foofaraw|roughhouse|affray|broil|bagarre


word: RUN
russian_word: запустить
antonyms: dawdle|stay
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rʌn
phonetics_text: rʌn
example:
the dog ran across the road|the rumour ran through the pack of photographers|a small river runs into the sea at one side of the castle|cobbled streets run down to a tiny harbour|buses run into town every half hour|Andrea runs her own catering business|the car runs on unleaded fuel|the course ran for two days|the tabloid press ran the story|they run drugs for the cocaine cartels|a new photocopier will run us about $1,300|the wait-and-see game continues until the government runs some ready cash

definition:
move at a speed faster than a walk, never having both or all the feet on the ground at the same time.|pass or cause to pass quickly in a particular direction.|(with reference to a liquid) flow or cause to flow.|extend or cause to extend in a particular direction.|(of a bus, train, ferry, or other form of transport) make a regular journey on a particular route.|be in charge of; manage.|be in or cause to be in operation; function or cause to function.|continue or be valid or operative for a particular period of time.|stand as a candidate in an election.|publish or be published in a newspaper or magazine.|bring (goods) into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle.|cost (someone) (a specified amount).|(of a stocking or pair of tights) develop a ladder.|provide.

synonyms:
sprint|race|dart|rush|dash|hasten|hurry|scurry|scuttle|scamper|hare|bolt|bound|fly|gallop|career|charge|pound|shoot|hurtle|speed|streak|whizz|zoom|sweep|go like lightning|go hell for leather|go like the wind|flash|double|jog|lope|trot|jogtrot|dogtrot|tear|pelt|scoot|hotfoot it|belt|zip|whip|go like a bat out of hell|step on it|get a move on|get cracking|put on some speed|stir one's stumps|hop it|bomb|leg it|boogie|hightail it|barrel|get the lead out|cut along|post|hie|flee|run away|run off|make a run for it|run for it|take flight|make off|take off|take to one's heels|make a break for it|beat a (hasty) retreat|make a quick exit|make one's getaway|escape|head for the hills|do a disappearing act|beat it|clear off|clear out|vamoose|skedaddle|split|cut and run|show a clean pair of heels|turn tail|scram|do a runner|scarper|do a bunk|light out|bug out|cut out|peel out|take a powder|skiddoo|go through|shoot through|bugger off

origin:
Old English rinnan, irnan (verb), of Germanic origin, probably reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse rinna, renna . The current form with -u- in the present tense is first recorded in the 16th century.


word: RUNAGATE
russian_word: бродяга
definition: a person who has run away; a deserter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌnəɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnəɡeɪt
origin:
mid 16th century: variant of dialect renegate, from medieval Latin renegatus ‘renounced’: see renegade.


word: RUNAWAY
russian_word: побег
example: a teenage runaway|a runaway train
synonyms: fugitive|escaper|escapee|refugee|truant|absconder|deserter|runagate
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌnəweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnəweɪ
definition:
a person who has run away, especially from their family or an institution.|an animal or vehicle that is running out of control.


word: RUN AWAY
russian_word: понести
example: children who run away from home normally go to big cities
definition: leave or escape from a place, person, or situation.
antonyms: stay
synonyms:
flee|run off|make a run for it|run for it|take flight|make off|take off|take to one's heels|make a break for it|bolt|beat a (hasty) retreat|make a quick exit|make one's getaway|escape|head for the hills|beat it|clear off|clear out|vamoose|skedaddle|split|cut and run|show a clean pair of heels|turn tail|scram|hook it|fly the coop|skip off|do a fade|do a runner|scarper|do a bunk|leg it|light out|bug out|cut out|peel out|take a powder|skiddoo|go through|shoot through|fly|levant


word: RUNDOWN
russian_word: краткое изложение
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
example:
he gave his teammates a rundown on the opposition|a rundown in the business would be a devastating blow to the local economy

definition:
an analysis or summary of something by a knowledgeable person.|a reduction in the productivity or activities of a company or institution.

synonyms:
analysis|review|overview|briefing|brief|sketch|thumbnail sketch|outline|rough idea|summary|résumé|synopsis|precis|recapitulation|run-through|summarization|summation|tour d'horizon|low-down|recap|conspectus|summa


word: RUN DOWN
russian_word: изнурять
antonyms: praise
synonyms: run over|knock down|knock over|knock to the ground|hit|strike
example:
the boy was run down by joyriders|you mustn't keep running yourself down|she finally ran the professor down|hardwood stocks in some countries are rapidly running down

definition:
(of a vehicle) hit a person or animal and knock them to the ground.|criticize someone or something unfairly or unkindly.|discover someone or something after a search.|become reduced in size, numbers, or resources.


word: RUNE
russian_word: руна
example: long ago, a rune had been carved in the centre of the stone
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːn
phonetics_text: ruːn
definition:
a letter of an ancient Germanic alphabet, related to the Roman alphabet.|a section of the Kalevala or of an ancient Scandinavian poem.

origin:
Old English rūn  ‘a secret, mystery’; not recorded between Middle English and the late 17th century, when it was reintroduced under the influence of Old Norse rúnir, rúnar ‘magic signs, hidden lore’.


word: RUNG
russian_word: ступеньки
origin: Old English hrung (in rung1 (sense 2)); related to Dutch rong and German Runge .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌŋ
phonetics_text: rʌŋ
definition:
a horizontal support on a ladder for a person's foot.|a strengthening crosspiece in the structure of a chair.


word: RUN-IN
russian_word: схватка
example: the final run-in to the World Cup|a run-in with armed police in Rio
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌnɪn
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnɪn
definition:
the approach to an action or event.|a disagreement or fight, especially with someone in an official position.

synonyms:
disagreement|argument|dispute|difference of opinion|altercation|confrontation|contretemps|quarrel|brush|encounter|tangle|fight|clash|skirmish|tussle|set-to|dust-up|shindig|shindy|spat|scrap|row|afters|rammy


word: RUN INTO
russian_word: столкнуться
antonyms: miss
example:
he ran into a lamp post|the company had debts running into millions of dollars|her words ran into each other

definition:
collide with someone or something.|reach a level or amount.|blend into or appear to coalesce with something.

synonyms:
collide with|be in collision with|hit|strike|crash into|smash into|knock into|plough into|barge into|meet head-on|ram|impact


word: RUNNEL
russian_word: ручеек
example: muddy lanes with runnels for effluent
definition: a gutter.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌn(ə)l
origin:
late 16th century (denoting a brook or rill): variant of dialect rindle, influenced by the verb run.


word: RUNNER
russian_word: бегун
synonyms: shoot|offshoot|sprout|tendril|sprig|sucker|stolon|flagellum
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌnə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnə
example:
Mary was a fast runner|a gun-runner|it's not always easy to find strawberry runners with good strong roots|a faded runner held in place with brass stair rods

definition:
a person that runs, especially in a specified way.|a person who smuggles specified goods into or out of a country or area.|a rod, groove, or blade on which something slides.|a shoot, typically leafless, which grows from the base of a plant along the surface of the ground and can take root at points along its length.|a long, narrow rug or strip of carpet, especially for a hall or stairway.|a revolving millstone.|a police officer.|see Indian runner.|a fast-swimming fish of the jack family, occurring in tropical seas.


word: RUNNING
russian_word: бег
example: his running tore United to shreds|the day-to-day running of the office
definition: the action or movement of a runner.|the action of managing or operating something.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌnɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnɪŋ
synonyms:
administration|management|managing|organization|coordination|orchestration|handling|direction|conduct|overseeing|controlling|control|regulation|supervision|charge|operation|working|functioning|performance


word: RUN OFF
russian_word: удирать
synonyms: copy|photocopy|xerox|duplicate|print|photostat|mimeograph|make|produce|do
example:
he ran off to join Napoleon's army and never returned|the sweat ran off their faces|please run off some copies of that report

definition:
leave a place or situation suddenly.|(of a liquid) flow over and away from a surface.|reproduce copies of a piece of writing, music, etc. on a machine.


word: RUN-OF-THE-MILL
russian_word: заурядный
example: a run-of-the-mill job
definition: lacking unusual or special aspects; ordinary.
antonyms: remarkable|extraordinary|exceptional
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌrʌnəvðəˈmɪl
phonetics_text: ˌrʌnəvðəˈmɪl
synonyms:
ordinary|average|standard|middle-of-the-road|unremarkable|unexceptional|undistinguished|unmemorable|forgettable|commonplace|humdrum|mundane|nondescript|characterless|colourless|conventional|normal|pedestrian|prosaic|uninspired|uninspiring|quotidian|uninteresting|uneventful|dull|boring|routine|bland|lacklustre|tame|mediocre|middling|indifferent|unimpressive|garden-variety|OK|so-so|bog-standard|vanilla|plain vanilla|nothing to write home about|nothing to get excited about|nothing special|a dime a dozen|no great shakes|not up to much|common or garden|ornery|half-pie


word: RUN ON
russian_word: продолжаться
example: the story ran on for months|my thoughts always ran too much on death
synonyms: continue|go on|carry on|last|keep going|extend|stretch
definition:
continue without stopping; go on longer than is expected.|(of a person's mind or a discussion) be preoccupied or concerned with a particular subject.|continue on the same line as the preceding matter.


word: RUN OUT
russian_word: кончаться
antonyms: be plentiful
synonyms: be used up|dry up|be exhausted|be finished|give out|peter out|fail|exhaust
example:
our food is about to run out|slowly, he let the cables run out|a row of buildings ran out to Whitehall Gate|the team ran out 4–1 winners

definition:
(of a supply of something) be used up.|(of rope) be paid out.|extend; project.|dismiss a batsman by dislodging the bails with the ball while the batsman is still running between the wickets.|emerge from a contest in a specified position.


word: RUN-OUT
russian_word: износ
part_of_speech: noun
example:
TV assistance for umpires in run-outs and stumpings|a mid-morning run-out, going over all the moves|slight run-out in your drill can make the holes oversized|the commission recommended abolition after a run-out of ten years

definition:
the dismissal of a batsman by being run out.|a short session of play, practice, or participation in sporting competition, especially at the beginning of a season or after a period of absence due to injury.|a slight error in a rotating tool, machine component, etc. such as being off-centre or not exactly round.|a length of time or stretch of ground over which something gradually ceases or is brought to an end or a halt.


word: RUN OVER
russian_word: съездить
synonyms: run down|knock down|knock over|knock to the ground|hit|strike
example:
Anna accidentally ran over their cat|the bath's running over|the film ran over schedule and budget|her mind ran over their previous conversation

definition:
(of a vehicle) knock a person or animal down and pass over their body.|(of a container or its contents) overflow.|exceed an expected limit.|go over something quickly as a reminder or rehearsal.


word: RUNT
russian_word: коротышка
origin: early 16th century (in the sense ‘old or decayed tree stump’): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌnt
phonetics_text: rʌnt
definition:
a small pig or other animal, especially the smallest in a litter.|a pigeon of a large domestic breed.|a small ox or cow, especially one of various Scottish Highland or Welsh breeds.


word: RUN THROUGH
russian_word: промотать
synonyms: pervade|permeate|suffuse|imbue|inform|go through
example:
a sense of personal loss runs through many of his lyrics|her husband had long since run through her money|I'll just run through the schedule for the weekend|Campbell threatened to run him through with his sword

definition:
be present in every part of something; pervade.|use or spend something recklessly or rapidly.|go over something quickly as a reminder or rehearsal.|stab a person so as to kill them.


word: RUN UP
russian_word: быстро расти
example: he ran up debts of £153,000|I'll run up a dress for you|they ran up the star and crescent
definition:
allow a debt or bill to accumulate.|make something quickly or hurriedly, especially a piece of clothing.|raise a flag.

synonyms:
accumulate|accrue|amass|collect|gather|stockpile|heap up|rack up|build up|scrape together|hoard|lay in/up|garner|tot up


word: RUN-UP
russian_word: подготовка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌnʌp
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnʌp
example:
a programme aimed at lowering unemployment in the run-up to the next election|high jumper Steve Smith will use his shortened five-stride run-up|other than for the first flight of the day, engine run-ups are not deemed necessary|a sharp run-up of land and stock prices

definition:
the period preceding a notable event.|an act of running briefly to gain momentum before performing a jump in athletics, bowling in cricket, etc.|a low approach shot that bounces and runs forward.|an act of running an engine or turbine to prepare it for use or to test it.|a marked rise in the value or level of something.


word: RUNWAY
russian_word: взлетно-посадочная полоса
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌnweɪ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌnweɪ
example:
the jet braked hard as its wheels touched the runway|models strut down the runway in mysterious sunglasses

definition:
a strip of hard ground along which aircraft take off and land.|North American term for catwalk (sense 1).|an animal run, especially one made by small mammals in grass, under snow, etc.|an incline or chute down which logs are slid.


word: RUPEE
russian_word: рупия
origin: via Hindi from Sanskrit rūpya ‘wrought silver’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːˈpiː
phonetics_text: ruːˈpiː|rʊˈpiː
definition:
the basic monetary unit of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, and the Seychelles, equal to 100 paise in India, Pakistan, and Nepal, and 100 cents in Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and the Seychelles.


word: RUPTURE
russian_word: разрыв
synonyms: break|fracture|crack|burst|split|fissure|blowout|breach|tear|puncture|bust
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌptʃə
phonetics_text: ˈrʌptʃə
example:
if the main artery ruptures he could die|once trust and confidence has been ruptured it can be difficult to regain

definition:
(especially of a pipe or container, or bodily part such as an organ or membrane) break or burst suddenly.|breach or disturb (a harmonious feeling or situation).

origin:
late Middle English (as a noun): from Old French rupture or Latin ruptura, from rumpere ‘to break’. The verb dates from the mid 18th century.


word: RURAL
russian_word: сельский
example: remote rural areas
definition: in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.
antonyms: urban|city|town
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin ruralis, from rus, rur- ‘country’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʊər(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʊər(ə)l
synonyms:
country|countryside|pastoral|rustic|bucolic|agricultural|farming|agrarian|Arcadian|sylvan|georgic|agrestic|exurban


word: RUSE
russian_word: уловка
example: Emma tried to think of a ruse to get Paul out of the house
definition: an action intended to deceive someone; a trick.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ruːz
phonetics_text: ruːz
synonyms:
ploy|stratagem|tactic|move|device|scheme|trick|gambit|cunning plan|manoeuvre|contrivance|expedient|dodge|subterfuge|machination|game|wile|smokescreen|red herring|blind|the oldest trick in the book|wheeze|shift

origin:
late Middle English (as a hunting term): from Old French, from ruser ‘use trickery’, earlier ‘drive back’, perhaps based on Latin rursus ‘backwards’.


word: RUSH
russian_word: порыв
antonyms: dawdle
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: rʌʃ
phonetics_text: rʌʃ
example:
Oliver rushed after her|to rush the bank and fire willy-nilly could be disastrous for everyone|how much did they rush you for this heap?

definition:
move with urgent haste.|dash towards (someone or something) in an attempt to attack or capture.|entertain (a new student) in order to assess suitability for membership of a college fraternity or sorority.|make (a customer) pay a particular amount, especially an excessive one.

synonyms:
hurry|dash|run|race|sprint|bolt|dart|gallop|career|charge|shoot|hurtle|hare|bound|fly|speed|zoom|go hell for leather|pound|plunge|dive|whisk|streak|scurry|scuttle|scamper|scramble|make haste|hasten|bustle|bundle|stampede|tear|belt|pelt|scoot|zap|zip|whip|step on it|get a move on|hotfoot it|steam|put on some speed|go like a bat out of hell|bomb|bucket|leg it|wheech|boogie|hightail it|clip|barrel|get the lead out|cut along|fleet|post|hie|haste|in a hurry|running about|run off one's feet|rushing about|dashing about|pushed for time|pressed for time|time-poor|busy|hectic|frantic|drag/tear/haul ass

origin:
late Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French ruser ‘drive back’, an early sense of the word in English (see ruse).


word: RUSHING
russian_word: бросаясь
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌʃɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌʃɪŋ
example:
he seems so calm amid all the rushing people|one of the interceptions came on a pass that deflected off the knee of a rushing lineman

definition:
moving with urgent haste.|(of a player) advancing rapidly towards an opposing player, especially the quarterback.


word: RUSK
russian_word: сухарь
definition: a light, dry biscuit or piece of twice-baked bread, especially one prepared for use as baby food.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌsk
phonetics_text: rʌsk
origin:
late 16th century: from Spanish or Portuguese rosca ‘twist, coil, roll of bread’, of unknown ultimate origin.


word: RUSSET
russian_word: красновато-коричневый
example: the russet bracken|that terse and epigrammatic style, with its russet Saxon
definition: reddish brown in colour.|rustic; homely.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌsɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrʌsɪt
origin:
Middle English: from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French rousset, diminutive of rous ‘red’, from Provençal ros, from Latin russus ‘red’.


word: RUSSULA
russian_word: сыроежки
origin: modern Latin, from Latin russus ‘red’ (because many, such as the sickener, have a red cap).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈrʌsələ
phonetics_text: ˈrʌsələ
definition:
a widespread woodland toadstool that typically has a brightly coloured flattened cap and a white stem and gills.


word: RUST
russian_word: ржавчина
example: paint protects your car from rust|her rust-coloured coat
origin: Old English rūst, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch roest, German Rost, also to red.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: rʌst
phonetics_text: rʌst
definition:
a reddish- or yellowish-brown flaking coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel by oxidation, especially in the presence of moisture.|a fungal disease of plants which results in reddish or brownish patches.|a reddish-brown colour.


word: RUSTICATE
russian_word: рустовать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈrʌstɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈrʌstɪkeɪt
example:
Shelley was rusticated for co-writing an atheistic pamphlet|a place to rusticate while other people made the decisions|the stable block was built of rusticated stone

definition:
suspend (a student) from a university as a punishment (used chiefly at Oxford and Cambridge).|go to, live in, or spend time in the country.|fashion (masonry) in large blocks with sunk joints and a roughened surface.

origin:
late 15th century (in the sense ‘countrify’): from Latin rusticat- ‘(having) lived in the country’, from the verb rusticari, from rusticus (see rustic).


word: RUSTLE
russian_word: шелест
synonyms: swish|swishing|whisper|whispering|rustling|susurration|susurrus|sigh|whoosh|fissle|susurrate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈrʌs(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈrʌs(ə)l
example:
she came closer, her skirt swaying and rustling|a murdered rancher whose cattle were being rustled|rustle around the kitchen, see what there is

definition:
make a soft, muffled crackling sound like that caused by the movement of dry leaves or paper.|round up and steal (cattle, horses, or sheep).|move or act quickly or energetically; hustle.

origin:
late Middle English (as a verb): imitative; compare with Flemish rijsselen and Dutch ritselen . The noun dates from the mid 18th century.


word: RUSTY
russian_word: ржавый
example: a rusty hinge|my typing is a little rusty
synonyms: rusted|rust-covered|corroded|oxidized|tarnished|discoloured|aeruginous
origin: Old English rūstig (see rust, -y1).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈrʌsti
phonetics_text: ˈrʌsti
definition:
(of a metal object) affected by rust.|(of knowledge or a skill) impaired by lack of recent practice.


word: RUT
russian_word: колея
origin: late 16th century: probably from Old French rute (see route).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌt
phonetics_text: rʌt
example:
a stretch of road made impassable by ruts, holes, or waterlogging|the EC was stuck in a rut and was losing its direction

definition:
a long deep track made by the repeated passage of the wheels of vehicles.|a habit or pattern of behaviour that has become dull and unproductive but is hard to change.

synonyms:
wheel track|furrow|groove|track|trough|ditch|trench|gutter|gouge|crack|hollow|hole|pothole|cavity|crater


word: RUTABAGA
russian_word: брюква
origin: late 18th century: from Swedish dialect rotabagge .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌruːtəˈbeɪɡə
phonetics_text: ˌruːtəˈbeɪɡə
definition:
a large, round, yellow-fleshed root that is eaten as a vegetable; a swede.|the European plant of the cabbage family that produces this root.


word: RUTHENIUM
russian_word: рутений
definition: the chemical element of atomic number 44, a hard silvery-white metal of the transition series.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʊˈθiːnɪəm
phonetics_text: rʊˈθiːnɪəm
origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, from medieval Latin Ruthenia (see Ruthenia), so named because it was discovered in ores from the Urals.


word: RUTHERFORDIUM
russian_word: резерфордия
origin: 1960s: modern Latin, named after E. Rutherford (see Rutherford, Sir Ernest).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌrʌðəˈfɔːdɪəm
phonetics_text: ˌrʌðəˈfɔːdɪəm
definition:
the chemical element of atomic number 104, a very unstable element made by high-energy atomic collisions.


word: RUTHLESS
russian_word: безжалостный
example: a ruthless manipulator
definition: having or showing no pity or compassion for others.
antonyms: merciful|compassionate|gentle
origin: Middle English: from ruth + -less.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈruːθləs
phonetics_text: ˈruːθləs
synonyms:
merciless|pitiless|cruel|heartless|hard-hearted|hard|stony-hearted|stony|with a heart of stone|cold-blooded|cold-hearted|harsh|callous|severe|unmerciful|unrelenting|unsparing|unforgiving|unfeeling|uncaring|unsympathetic|uncharitable|lacking compassion|relentless|remorseless|unbending|inflexible|inexorable|implacable|unpitying|unremitting|steely|brutal|inhuman|inhumane|barbarous|barbaric|savage|bloodthirsty|sadistic|vicious|fierce|ferocious|cut-throat|dog-eat-dog|inclement|fell|marble-hearted


word: RUTILE
russian_word: рутил
origin: early 19th century: from French, or from German Rutil, from Latin rutilus ‘reddish’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːtɪl
phonetics_text: ˈruːtɪl|ˈruːtʌɪl
definition:
a black or reddish-brown mineral consisting of titanium dioxide, typically occurring as needle-like crystals.


word: RUTIN
russian_word: рутин
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin ruta ‘rue’ + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈruːtɪn
phonetics_text: ˈruːtɪn
definition:
a compound of the flavonoid class found in common rue, buckwheat, capers, and other plants, and sometimes taken as a dietary supplement.


word: RYE
russian_word: рожь
example: half a bottle of rye|pastrami on rye
origin: Old English ryge, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rogge and German Roggen .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: rʌɪ
phonetics_text: rʌɪ
definition:
a cereal plant that tolerates poor soils and low temperatures.|whisky in which a significant amount of the grain used in distillation is fermented rye.|short for rye bread.


word: SABBATH
russian_word: суббота
example: we observe the Sabbath as God has commanded
origin: Old English, from Latin sabbatum, via Greek from Hebrew šabbāṯ, from šāḇaṯ ‘to rest’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsabəθ
phonetics_text: ˈsabəθ
definition:
a day of religious observance and abstinence from work, kept by Jewish people from Friday evening to Saturday evening, and by most Christians on Sunday.|a supposed midnight meeting held by witches.


word: SABBATICAL
russian_word: субботний
example: she's away on sabbatical
origin: late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek sabbatikos ‘of the sabbath’ + -al.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: səˈbatɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: səˈbatɪk(ə)l
definition:
a period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally one year for every seven years worked.


word: SABINE
russian_word: Сабин
origin: from Latin Sabinus .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsabʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈsabʌɪn
definition:
relating to or denoting an ancient Oscan-speaking people of the central Apennines in Italy, north-east of Rome, who feature in early Roman legends and were incorporated into the Roman state in 290 BC.


word: SABLE
russian_word: соболь
definition: a marten with a short tail and dark brown fur, native to Japan and Siberia and valued for its fur.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈseɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈseɪb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, in the sense ‘sable fur’, from medieval Latin sabelum, of Slavic origin.


word: SABLEFISH
russian_word: угольной рыбы
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈseɪb(ə)lfɪʃ
phonetics_text: ˈseɪb(ə)lfɪʃ
definition:
a large commercially important fish with a slaty-blue to black back, occurring throughout the North Pacific.


word: SABOT
russian_word: сабо
origin: early 17th century: French, blend of savate ‘shoe’ and botte ‘boot’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsabəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈsabəʊ
definition:
a kind of simple shoe, shaped and hollowed out from a single block of wood, traditionally worn by French and Breton peasants.|a device which ensures the correct positioning of a bullet or shell in the barrel of a gun, attached either to the projectile or inside the barrel and falling away as it leaves the muzzle.|a box from which cards are dealt at casinos in gambling games such as baccarat and chemin de fer.


word: SABOTAGE
russian_word: саботаж
example: power lines from South Africa were sabotaged by rebel forces
origin: early 20th century: from French, from saboter ‘kick with sabots, wilfully destroy’ (see sabot).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈsabətɑːʒ
phonetics_text: ˈsabətɑːʒ
definition:
deliberately destroy, damage, or obstruct (something), especially for political or military advantage.

synonyms:
wreck|deliberately damage|vandalize|destroy|obstruct|disrupt|cripple|impair|incapacitate|spoil|ruin|undermine|filibuster|damage|threaten|subvert|muller


word: SABRE
russian_word: сабля
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈseɪbə
phonetics_text: ˈseɪbə
definition:
a heavy cavalry sword with a curved blade and a single cutting edge.|a light fencing sword with a tapering, typically curved blade.

origin:
late 17th century: from French, alteration of obsolete sable, from German Sabel (local variant of Säbel ), from Hungarian szablya .


word: SABRETACHE
russian_word: ташка
origin: early 19th century: from French, from German Säbeltasche, from Säbel ‘sabre’ + Tasche ‘pocket’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsabətaʃ
phonetics_text: ˈsabətaʃ
definition:
a flat satchel on long straps worn by some cavalry and horse artillery officers from the left of the waist-belt.


word: SAC
russian_word: мешок
example: a fountain pen with an ink sac
definition: a hollow, flexible structure resembling a bag or pouch.
origin: mid 18th century (as a term in biology): from French sac or Latin saccus ‘sack, bag’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sak
phonetics_text: sak
synonyms:
bag|pouch|bladder|blister|bursa|acinus|follicle|cyst|saccule|utricle|vesicle|vesica|vesicula|theca|liposome


word: SACCADE
russian_word: саккада
definition: a rapid movement of the eye between fixation points.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: saˈkɑːd
phonetics_text: saˈkɑːd
origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘jerking movement’): from French, literally ‘violent pull’, from Old French saquer ‘to pull’.


word: SACCHARINE
russian_word: сахарин
example: saccharine music
definition: excessively sweet or sentimental.|relating to or containing sugar; sugary.
origin: late 17th century: from modern Latin saccharum + -ine1.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsakərʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈsakərʌɪn|ˈsakərʌɪn|ˈsakəriːn
synonyms:
sentimental|over-sentimental|over-emotional|mawkish|cloying|sickly|sugary|syrupy|sickening|nauseating|maudlin|lachrymose|banal|trite|mushy|slushy|sloppy|schmaltzy|weepy|cutesy|lovey-dovey|gooey|drippy|sloshy|soupy|treacly|cheesy|corny|icky|sick-making|toe-curling|soppy|twee|cornball|sappy|hokey|three-hanky


word: SACCULUS
russian_word: саккулюс
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin, diminutive of saccus ‘sack’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsakjʊlʊs
phonetics_text: ˈsakjʊlʊs
definition:
the smaller of the two fluid-filled sacs forming part of the labyrinth of the inner ear (the other being the utriculus). It contains a region of hair cells and otoliths which send signals to the brain concerning the orientation of the head.


word: SACERDOTAL
russian_word: священнический
definition: relating to priests or the priesthood; priestly.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsasəˈdəʊt(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌsasəˈdəʊt(ə)l|ˌsakəˈdəʊt(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin sacerdotalis, from sacerdos, sacerdot- ‘priest’.


word: SACHET
russian_word: саше
example: a sachet of sugar
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsaʃeɪ
phonetics_text: ˈsaʃeɪ
definition:
a small sealed bag or packet containing a small quantity of something.|a small bag containing dried scented material such as lavender, used to scent clothes.

origin:
mid 19th century (in sachet (sense 2 of the noun)): from French, ‘little bag’, diminutive of sac, from Latin saccus ‘sack, bag’.


