# Dictionary_data_final

word: CIMETIDINE
russian_word: циметидин
origin: 1970s: from ci- (alteration of cy- in cyano- ) + met(hyl) + -ide + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈmɛtɪdiːn
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈmɛtɪdiːn
definition:
an antihistamine drug which is used to treat stomach acidity and peptic ulcers. It is a sulphur-containing derivative of imidazole.


word: CINCH
russian_word: подпруга
example: the program was a cinch to use|they watered the horses and loosed the cinches
antonyms: challenge
origin: mid 19th century (in cinch (sense 2 of the noun)): from Spanish cincha ‘girth’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: sɪn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: sɪn(t)ʃ
definition:
an extremely easy task.|a girth for a Western saddle or pack of a type used mainly in Mexico and the western US.

synonyms:
easy|uncomplicated|not difficult|undemanding|unexacting|unchallenging|effortless|painless|trouble-free|facile|simple|straightforward|elementary|idiot-proof|plain sailing|a walkover|a gift|nothing|easy-peasy|easy as pie|as easy as falling off a log|as easy as ABC|a piece of cake|a cakewalk|child's play|kids' stuff|no sweat|a picnic|a doddle|a doss|a breeze|a pushover|a sitter|a five-finger exercise|a walk in the park|money for old rope|money for jam|duck soup|a snap|easy-breezy|a bludge|a snack|a piece of old tackle|a snip|a piece of piss


word: CINCHONA
russian_word: хина
definition: an evergreen South American tree or shrub with fragrant flowers, cultivated for its bark.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪŋˈkəʊnə
phonetics_text: sɪŋˈkəʊnə
origin:
mid 18th century: modern Latin, named after the Countess of Chinchón (died 1641), who was treated with a similar drug in South America.


word: CINEMA
russian_word: кино
example: I was weaned on a diet of Hollywood fantasy at my local cinema
definition: a theatre where films are shown for public entertainment.
origin: early 20th century: from French cinéma, abbreviation of cinématographe (see cinematograph).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪnɪmə
phonetics_text: ˈsɪnɪmə|ˈsɪnɪmɑː
synonyms:
movie theater|movie house|cineplex|fleapit|picture palace|picture theatre|bioscope|nickelodeon|the pictures|the movies|the flicks


word: CINEMATOGRAPHER
russian_word: кинематографист
example: the film has been shot by an award-winning cinematographer
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪnəməˈtɒɡrəfə
phonetics_text: ˌsɪnəməˈtɒɡrəfə
definition:
a person who oversees or directs photography and camerawork in film-making, especially one who operates the camera.


word: CINERARIA
russian_word: цинерария
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪnəˈrɛːrɪə
phonetics_text: ˌsɪnəˈrɛːrɪə
definition:
a plant of the daisy family with compact masses of bright flowers, cultivated as a winter-flowering pot plant.

origin:
modern Latin, feminine of Latin cinerarius ‘of ashes’, from cinis, ciner- ‘ashes’ (because of the ash-coloured down on the leaves).


word: CINGULUM
russian_word: пояс стихаря
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin, ‘belt’, from cingere ‘gird’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪŋɡjʊləm
phonetics_text: ˈsɪŋɡjʊləm
definition:
a curved bundle of nerve fibres in each hemisphere of the brain.|a ridge of enamel on the base or margin of the crown of a tooth.


word: CINNABAR
russian_word: киноварь
origin: Middle English: from Latin cinnabaris, from Greek kinnabari, of oriental origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪnəbɑː
phonetics_text: ˈsɪnəbɑː
definition:
a bright red mineral consisting of mercury sulphide, sometimes used as a pigment.|a day-flying moth with black and red wings, whose black and yellow caterpillars feed on groundsel and ragwort.


word: CIPHER
russian_word: шифр
definition: a secret or disguised way of writing; a code.|a zero; a figure 0.|a monogram.
synonyms: code|secret writing|coded message|cryptograph|cryptogram
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsʌɪfə
phonetics_text: ˈsʌɪfə
example:
he wrote cryptic notes in a cipher|a pair of rock crystal goblets engraved with the cipher of Peter the Great

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘symbol for zero’ and ‘Arabic numeral’): from Old French cifre, based on Arabic ṣifr ‘zero’.


word: CIRCA
russian_word: около
example: the church was built circa 1860
definition: (often preceding a date) approximately.
antonyms: exactly|precisely
origin: mid 19th century: Latin.
part_of_speech: preposition
phonetic: ˈsəːkə
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkə
synonyms:
approximately|about|around|round about|in the region of|roughly|something like|in the area of|in the neighbourhood of|of the order of|or so|or thereabouts|there or thereabouts|more or less|give or take a few|plus or minus a few|nearly|close to|not far off|approaching|getting on for|plus-minus|as near as dammit|in the ballpark of


word: CIRCLE
russian_word: круг
example: draw a circle with a compass|she did not normally move in such exalted circles
origin: Old English, from Old French cercle, from Latin circulus ‘small ring’, diminutive of circus ‘ring’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsəːk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈsəːk(ə)l
definition:
a round plane figure whose boundary (the circumference) consists of points equidistant from a fixed point (the centre).|a group of people with a shared profession, interests, or acquaintances.

synonyms:
group|set|ring|company|body|coterie|clique|camp|league|faction|crowd|band|crew|gang|bunch|pack|squad|sphere|world|milieu|arena|domain|society


word: CIRCUIT
russian_word: схема
synonyms: lap|turn|tour|round|circle|orbit|revolution|loop|beat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈsəːkɪt
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkɪt
example:
I ran a circuit of the village|the alternative cabaret circuit|the maximum number of light fittings on a circuit is twelve

definition:
a roughly circular line, route, or movement that starts and finishes at the same place.|an established itinerary of events or venues used for a particular activity, typically involving sport or public performance.|a complete and closed path around which a circulating electric current can flow.

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin circuitus, from circuire, variant of circumire ‘go round’, from circum ‘around’ + ire ‘go’.


word: CIRCUITOUS
russian_word: окольный
example: the canal followed a circuitous route
definition: (of a route or journey) longer than the most direct way.
antonyms: direct|straight|to the point
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin circuitosus, from circuitus ‘a way around’ (see circuit).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: səːˈkjuːɪtəs
phonetics_text: səːˈkjuːɪtəs
synonyms:
roundabout|indirect|winding|meandering|serpentine|tortuous|twisting|anfractuous|oblique|circumlocutory|periphrastic|discursive|digressive|long-winded|evasive|circumlocutionary|ambagious


word: CIRCULAR
russian_word: круговой
synonyms: round|disc-shaped|disc-like|ring-shaped|hoop-shaped|hooplike|annular|cycloidal|discoid|discoidal
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈsəːkjʊlə
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkjʊlə
example:
the building features a circular atrium|the reality of standard English rests on the circular argument that that is good which good users use|a circular letter was sent asking for support

definition:
having the form of a circle.|(of an argument) already containing an assumption of what is to be proved, and therefore fallacious.|(of a letter or advertisement) for distribution to a large number of people.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French circulier, from late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus ‘small ring’ (see circle).


word: CIRCULATE
russian_word: циркулировать
example: antibodies circulate in the bloodstream|rumours of his arrest circulated
synonyms: flow|course|move round|go round
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsəːkjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkjʊleɪt
definition:
move continuously or freely through a closed system or area.|pass from place to place or person to person.

origin:
late 15th century (as an alchemical term meaning ‘distil something in a closed container, allowing condensed vapour to return to the original liquid’): from Latin circulat- ‘moved in a circular path’, from the verb circulare, from circulus ‘small ring’ (see circle). circulate (sense 1) dates from the mid 17th century.


word: CIRCULATION
russian_word: циркуляция
example: an extra pump for good water circulation|his music has achieved wide circulation
synonyms: flow|motion|movement|course|passage
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: səːkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: səːkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
movement to and fro or around something, especially that of fluid in a closed system.|the public availability or knowledge of something.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting continuous distillation of a liquid): from Latin circulatio(n- ), from the verb circulare (see circulate).


word: CIRCUMCISE
russian_word: совершать обрезание
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsəːkəmsʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkəmsʌɪz
definition:
cut off the foreskin of (a young boy or man, especially a baby) as a religious rite, especially in Judaism and Islam, or as a medical treatment.|(as a practice traditional in some cultures) partially or totally remove the external genitalia of (a girl or young woman) for non-medical reasons.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French circonciser, or from Latin circumcis- ‘cut around’, from the verb circumcidere, from circum ‘around, about’ + caedere ‘to cut’.


word: CIRCUMFERENCE
russian_word: окружность
definition: the enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure, especially a circle.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: səˈkʌmf(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: səˈkʌmf(ə)r(ə)ns
synonyms:
perimeter|border|boundary|edge|rim|verge|margin|outline|fringe|bounds|limits|extremity|confines|marge|bourn|skirt

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French circonference, from Latin circumferentia, from circum ‘around, about’ + ferre ‘carry, bear’.


word: CIRCUMFLEX
russian_word: циркумфлекс
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈsəːkəmflɛks
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkəmflɛks
definition:
a mark (^) placed over a vowel in some languages to indicate contraction, length, or a particular quality.

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin circumflexus (from circum ‘around, about’ + flectere ‘to bend’), translating Greek perispōmenos ‘drawn around’.


word: CIRCUMFLUENT
russian_word: омывающий
definition: flowing round; surrounding.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: səːˈkʌmflʊənt
phonetics_text: səːˈkʌmflʊənt
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin circumfluent- ‘flowing around’, from the verb circumfluere, from circum ‘around, about’ + fluere ‘to flow’.


word: CIRCUMFUSE
russian_word: лить
example: Earth with her nether Ocean circumfused
definition: pour (a liquid) so as to cause it to surround something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌsəːkəmˈfjuːz
phonetics_text: ˌsəːkəmˈfjuːz
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin circumfus- ‘poured around’, from the verb circumfundere, from circum ‘around’ + fundere ‘pour’.


word: CIRCUMJACENT
russian_word: окружающий
example: the circumjacent parts of the mouth
definition: surrounding.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsəːkəmˈdʒeɪs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˌsəːkəmˈdʒeɪs(ə)nt
origin:
late 15th century: from Latin circumjacent- ‘lying round about, bordering upon’, from the verb circumjacere, from circum ‘around’ + jacere ‘to lie’.


word: CIRCUMLOCUTION
russian_word: иносказание
example: his admission came after years of circumlocution
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsəːkəmləˈkjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌsəːkəmləˈkjuːʃ(ə)n
definition:
the use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive.

synonyms:
periphrasis|circuitousness|indirectness|tautology|repetition|repetitiveness|repetitiousness|diffuseness|discursiveness|long-windedness|verbosity|wordiness|prolixity|verbiage|redundancy|superfluity|euphemism|beating about the bush|pleonasm|perissology

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin circumlocutio(n- ) (translating Greek periphrasis ), from circum ‘around’ + locutio(n- ) from loqui ‘speak’.


word: CIRCUMLOCUTORY
russian_word: описательный
example: he has a meandering, circumlocutory speaking style
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌsəːkəmˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌsəːkəmˈlɒkjʊt(ə)ri
definition:
using many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive; long-winded.

synonyms:
periphrastic|circuitous|indirect|roundabout|tautological|repetitive|repetitious|diffuse|discursive|long-winded|prolix|verbose|wordy|rambling|wandering|tortuous|pleonastic|circumlocutionary|ambagious


word: CIRCUMSCRIBE
russian_word: ограничивать
origin: late Middle English: from Latin circumscribere, from circum ‘around’ + scribere ‘write’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsəːkəmskrʌɪb
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkəmskrʌɪb
example:
the minister's powers are circumscribed both by tradition and the organization of local government|if a hexagon is circumscribed about a circle the lines joining opposite vertices meet in one point

definition:
restrict (something) within limits.|draw (a figure) round another, touching it at points but not cutting it.

synonyms:
restrict|limit|set/impose limits on|keep within bounds|delimit|curb|confine|bound|restrain|regulate|control


word: CIRCUMSPECT
russian_word: осмотрительный
example: the officials were very circumspect in their statements
definition: wary and unwilling to take risks.
antonyms: unguarded|incautious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈsəːkəmspɛkt
phonetics_text: ˈsəːkəmspɛkt
synonyms:
cautious|wary|careful|chary|guarded|on one's guard|discreet|watchful|alert|attentive|heedful|vigilant|observant|prudent|judicious|canny|politic|softly-softly|cagey|leery

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin circumspectus, from circumspicere ‘look around’, from circum ‘around, about’ + specere ‘look’.


word: CIRCUMSPECTION
russian_word: осмотрительность
example: circumspection is required in the day-to-day exercise of administrative powers
definition: the quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsəːkəmˈspɛkʃn
phonetics_text: ˌsəːkəmˈspɛkʃn
synonyms:
caution|carefulness|care|wariness|chariness|guardedness|discretion|watchfulness|alertness|attentiveness|heed|heedfulness|vigilance|prudence|judiciousness|caginess|precaution


word: CIRCUMSTANTIAL
russian_word: обстоятельный
antonyms: provable
origin: late 16th century: from Latin circumstantia (see circumstance) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: səːkəmˈstanʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: səːkəmˈstanʃ(ə)l
example:
the prosecution will have to rely on circumstantial evidence|the picture was so circumstantial that it began to be convincing

definition:
pointing indirectly towards someone's guilt but not conclusively proving it.|(of a description) containing full details.

synonyms:
indirect|inferred|inferential|deduced|presumed|conjectural|contingent|inconclusive|unprovable|presumptive|implicative


word: CIRCUMVALLATE
russian_word: желобоватых
example: the walls were circumvallated with a ditch
definition: surround with or as if with a rampart.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic: ˌsəːkəmˈvaleɪt
phonetics_text: ˌsəːkəmˈvaleɪt
origin:
mid 17th century (as an adjective): from Latin circumvallat- ‘surrounded with a rampart’, from the verb circumvallare, from circum ‘around’ + vallare, from vallum ‘rampart’. The verb dates from the early 19th century.


word: CIRCUMVENT
russian_word: обойти
example: if you come to an obstruction in a road you can seek to circumvent it
definition: find a way around (an obstacle).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: səːkəmˈvɛnt
phonetics_text: səːkəmˈvɛnt
synonyms:
avoid|get round|find a way round|evade|get past|bypass|sidestep|dodge|overcome|outwit|outmanoeuvre|foil|end-run|duck

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin circumvent- ‘skirted around’, from the verb circumvenire, from circum ‘around’ + venire ‘come’.


word: CIRRHOSIS
russian_word: цирроз
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈrəʊsɪs
phonetics_text: sɪˈrəʊsɪs
definition:
a chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue. It is typically a result of alcoholism or hepatitis.

origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek kirrhos ‘tawny’ (because this is the colour of the liver in many cases).


word: CIRROCUMULUS
russian_word: перисто-кучевые облака
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪrəʊˈkjuːmjʊləs
phonetics_text: ˌsɪrəʊˈkjuːmjʊləs
definition:
cloud forming a broken layer of small fleecy clouds at high altitude (usually 5 to 13 km, 16,500 to 45,000 ft), typically with a rippled or granulated appearance (as in a mackerel sky).


word: CIRROSTRATUS
russian_word: перисто-слоистые облака
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪrəʊˈstrɑːtəs
phonetics_text: ˌsɪrəʊˈstrɑːtəs|ˌsɪrəʊˈstreɪtəs
definition:
cloud forming a thin, more or less uniform semi-translucent layer at high altitude (usually 5 to 13 km, 16,500 to 45,000 ft).


word: CIS
russian_word: цис
example: the cis isomer of stilbene
origin: independent usage of cis-.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: sɪs
phonetics_text: sɪs
definition:
denoting or relating to a molecular structure in which two particular atoms or groups lie on the same side of a given plane in the molecule, in particular denoting an isomer in which substituents at opposite ends of a carbon–carbon double bond are on the same side of the bond.


word: CIST
russian_word: гробница
origin: early 19th century: from Latin cista, from Greek kistē ‘box’; sense 1 via Welsh.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɪst
phonetics_text: kɪst|sɪst
definition:
an ancient coffin or burial chamber made from stone or a hollowed tree.|a box used in ancient Greece for sacred utensils.


word: CISTUS
russian_word: ладанник
origin: modern Latin, from Greek kistos .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪstəs
phonetics_text: ˈsɪstəs
definition:
a southern European shrub with large white or red flowers, from which the resin ladanum may be extracted.


word: CITADEL
russian_word: цитадель
example: the garrison withdrew into the citadel
definition: a fortress, typically one on high ground above a city.|a meeting hall of the Salvation Army.
synonyms: fortress|fort|stronghold|fortification|castle|burg|keep|tower|donjon|bunker|fastness|alcazar|hold
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪtəd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈsɪtəd(ə)l|ˈsɪtədɛl
origin:
mid 16th century: from French citadelle, or from Italian cittadella, based on Latin civitas ‘city’ (see city).


word: CITATION
russian_word: цитата
synonyms: quotation|quote|extract|excerpt|passage|line|piece|cite
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sʌɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: sʌɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the majority of the citations are to work published during the past twenty years|the citation described him as an officer of extreme gallantry|a traffic citation

definition:
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work.|a mention of a praiseworthy act in an official report, especially that of a member of the armed forces in wartime.|a summons to appear in court.

origin:
Middle English (in citation (sense 2)): from Old French, from Latin citatio(n- ), from citare ‘cite’.


word: CITE
russian_word: цитировать
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: sʌɪt
phonetics_text: sʌɪt
example:
authors who are highly regarded by their peers tend to be cited|he has been cited many times for his contributions in the intelligence area|the writ cited only four of the signatories of the petition

definition:
refer to (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work.|praise (someone, typically a member of the armed forces) in an official report for a courageous act.|summon (someone) to appear in court.

synonyms:
quote|reproduce|refer to|make reference to|mention|allude to|adduce|instance|give as an example|point to|specify|name|bring up|advance|invoke|draw attention to

origin:
late Middle English (in cite (sense 3 of the verb), originally with reference to a court of ecclesiastical law): from Old French citer, from Latin citare, from ciere, cire ‘to call’.


word: CITIZEN
russian_word: гражданин
example: a British citizen
definition: a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.
synonyms: subject|national|passport holder|native|taxpayer|voter
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n
origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French citezein, alteration (probably influenced by deinzein ‘denizen’) of Old French citeain, based on Latin civitas ‘city’ (see city).


word: CITRINE
russian_word: цитрин
definition: a glassy yellow variety of quartz.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪtrɪn
phonetics_text: ˈsɪtrɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French citrin ‘lemon-coloured’, from medieval Latin citrinus, from Latin citrus ‘citron tree’.


word: CITRON
russian_word: цитрон
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪtr(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈsɪtr(ə)n
definition:
a shrubby Asian tree bearing fruits which resemble large lemons with less acid flesh and thick fragrant peel.

origin:
early 16th century (denoting the fruit): from French, from Latin citrus ‘citron tree’, on the pattern of limon ‘lemon’.


word: CITRONELLA
russian_word: цитронеллы
example: citronella candles
origin: mid 19th century: modern Latin, from citron + the diminutive suffix -ella .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪtrəˈnɛlə
phonetics_text: sɪtrəˈnɛlə
definition:
a fragrant natural oil used as an insect repellent and in perfume and soap manufacture.|the South Asian grass from which citronella oil is obtained.


word: CITRUS
russian_word: цитрусовые
origin: Latin, ‘citron tree, thuja’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪtrəs
phonetics_text: ˈsɪtrəs
definition:
a tree of a genus that includes citron, lemon, lime, orange, and grapefruit. Native to Asia, citrus trees are cultivated in warm countries for their fruit.


word: CITTERN
russian_word: лира
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪt(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈsɪt(ə)n
definition:
a stringed instrument similar to a lute, with a flattened back and wire strings, used in 16th- and 17th-century Europe.

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin cithara, from Greek kithara, denoting a kind of harp. The spelling has been influenced by gittern.


word: CITY
russian_word: город
example: one of Italy's most beautiful cities
definition: a large town.|short for City of London.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsɪti
phonetics_text: ˈsɪti
synonyms:
town|municipality|metropolis|megalopolis|conurbation|urban area|metropolitan area|burgh|big smoke|burg|wen

origin:
Middle English: from Old French cite, from Latin civitas, from civis ‘citizen’. Originally denoting a town, and often used as a Latin equivalent to Old English burh ‘borough’, the term was later applied to the more important English boroughs. The connection between city and cathedral grew up under the Norman kings, as the episcopal sees (many had been established in villages) were removed to the chief borough of the diocese.


word: CIVIC
russian_word: гражданский
example: a meeting of civic and business leaders
definition: relating to a city or town, especially its administration; municipal.
synonyms: municipal|city|town|urban|metropolitan|public|civil|community|local|communal|oppidan
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈsɪvɪk
phonetics_text: ˈsɪvɪk
origin:
mid 16th century: from French civique or Latin civicus, from civis ‘citizen’. The original use was in civic garland, crown, etc., translating Latin corona civica, denoting a garland of oak leaves and acorns given in ancient Rome to a person who saved a fellow citizen's life.


word: CIVIL
russian_word: гражданский
example: civil aviation|they were comparatively civil to their daughter|civil twilight
antonyms: religious|military
synonyms: secular|non-religious|lay|laic|laical|non-military|civilian
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin civilis, from civis ‘citizen’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈsɪv(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈsɪv(ə)l
definition:
relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters.|courteous and polite.|(of time) fixed by custom or law rather than being natural or astronomical.


word: CIVILIAN
russian_word: гражданский
example: terrorists and soldiers have killed tens of thousands of civilians
definition: a person not in the armed services or the police force.
synonyms: non-military person|non-combatant|ordinary citizen|private citizen|civvy
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: sɪˈvɪlj(ə)n
phonetics_text: sɪˈvɪlj(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English (denoting a practitioner of civil law): from Old French civilien, in the phrase droit civilien ‘civil law’. The current sense arose in the early 19th century.


word: CIVILITY
russian_word: вежливость
example: I hope we can treat each other with civility and respect
definition: formal politeness and courtesy in behaviour or speech.
antonyms: discourtesy|rudeness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: sɪˈvɪlɪti
phonetics_text: sɪˈvɪlɪti
synonyms:
courtesy|courteousness|politeness|good manners|mannerliness|gentlemanliness|chivalry|gallantry|graciousness|consideration|respect|gentility|urbanity|cordiality|geniality|pleasantness|affability|politesse|couth|comity

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French civilite, from Latin civilitas, from civilis ‘relating to citizens’ (see civil). In early use the term denoted the state of being a citizen and hence good citizenship or orderly behaviour. The sense ‘politeness’ arose in the mid 16th century.


word: CIVILIZATION
russian_word: цивилизация
example: the Victorians equated the railways with progress and civilization
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌsɪvɪlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌsɪvɪlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced.

synonyms:
human development|advancement|progress|enlightenment|edification|culture|cultivation|refinement|sophistication


word: CIVILIZE
russian_word: цивилизовать
example: both countries feel they have a mission to civilize the world
origin: early 17th century: from French civiliser, from civil ‘civil’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈsɪvɪlʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈsɪvɪlʌɪz
definition:
bring (a place or people) to a stage of social and cultural development considered to be more advanced.

synonyms:
enlighten|edify|educate|instruct|refine|cultivate|polish|sophisticate|socialize|humanize|improve|better|reclaim|acculturate


word: CIVIL LAW
russian_word: гражданское право
example: the owners can prosecute the individuals under civil law for trespassing
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.|the system of law predominant on the European continent, historically influenced by that of ancient Rome.


word: CIVIL LIST
russian_word: цивильный лист
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
(in the UK) a fixed annual allowance voted by Parliament to meet the official expenses incurred by the Queen in her role as head of state. It was replaced by the Sovereign Grant in 2011.


word: CLADISTICS
russian_word: кладистика
origin: 1960s: from clade + -ist + -ics.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kləˈdɪstɪks
phonetics_text: kləˈdɪstɪks
definition:
a method of classification of animals and plants that aims to identify and take account of only those shared characteristics which can be deduced to have originated in the common ancestor of a group of species during evolution, not those arising by convergence.


word: CLADOGENESIS
russian_word: Кладогенез
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkleɪdə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs
phonetics_text: ˌkleɪdə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs|ˈkladə(ʊ)dʒɛnɪsɪs
definition:
the formation of a new group of organisms or higher taxon by evolutionary divergence from an ancestral form.


word: CLAIM
russian_word: требование
origin: Middle English: from Old French claime (noun), clamer (verb), from Latin clamare ‘call out’.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kleɪm
phonetics_text: kleɪm
example:
the Prime Minister claimed that he was concerned about Third World debt|if no one claims the items, they will become Crown property|the attacks claimed the lives of five people

definition:
state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.|formally request or demand; say that one owns or has earned (something).|cause the loss of (someone's life).

synonyms:
assert|declare|profess|maintain|state|hold|affirm|avow|aver|protest|insist|swear|attest|argue|contend|submit|move|allege|make out|avouch|asseverate|represent


word: CLAIMANT
russian_word: истец
example: one in four eligible claimants failed to register for a rebate
definition: a person making a claim, especially in a lawsuit or for a state benefit.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkleɪm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkleɪm(ə)nt
synonyms:
applicant|candidate|supplicant|suppliant|pretender|suitor|petitioner|plaintiff|litigant|appellant|pretendant


word: CLAIRVOYANT
russian_word: ясновидящий
example: she has had a message from a clairvoyant that her son is alive and well
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: klɛːˈvɔɪənt
phonetics_text: klɛːˈvɔɪənt
definition:
a person who claims to have a supernatural ability to perceive events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact.

synonyms:
psychic|fortune teller|forecaster of the future|crystal gazer|prophet|seer|soothsayer|oracle|medium|spiritualist|telepathist|telepath|mind reader|palmist|palm reader|chiromancer|chirosophist|spiritist|palmister

origin:
late 17th century (in the sense ‘clear-sighted, perceptive’): from French, from clair ‘clear’ + voyant ‘seeing’ (from voir ‘to see’). The current sense dates from the mid 19th century.


word: CLAMMY
russian_word: липкий
example: his skin felt cold and clammy
definition: unpleasantly damp and sticky or slimy to touch.
antonyms: dry
synonyms: moist|damp|sweaty|perspiring|sweating|sticky|slimy|slippery|slick
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklami
phonetics_text: ˈklami
origin:
late Middle English: from dialect clam  ‘to be sticky or adhere’, of Germanic origin; related to clay.


word: CLAMOROUS
russian_word: крикливый
example: a jostling, clamorous mob
definition: making a loud and confused noise.
antonyms: quiet
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklamərəs
phonetics_text: ˈklamərəs
synonyms:
noisy|loud|vocal|vociferous|raucous|rowdy|rackety|tumultuous|shouting|shrieking|screaming|importunate|demanding|insistent|vehement


word: CLAMOUR
russian_word: шум
example: the questions rose to a clamour
definition: a loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting.
antonyms: silence
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin clamor, from clamare ‘cry out’.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈklamə
phonetics_text: ˈklamə
synonyms:
din|racket|loud noise|uproar|tumult|babel|shouting|yelling|screaming|baying|roaring|blaring|clangour|commotion|brouhaha|hue and cry|hubbub|bedlam|pandemonium|stramash|hullabaloo|rumpus|row|vociferation|ululation|charivari


word: CLAMP
russian_word: зажим
example: I have fixed the motor to the table with two clamps
synonyms: brace|vice|press|clasp|fastener|bracket|holdfast|mute|capo|capo tasto|jumar
origin: Middle English: probably of Dutch or Low German origin and related to clam.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klamp
phonetics_text: klamp
definition:
a brace, band, or clasp for strengthening or holding things together.|an electric circuit which serves to maintain the voltage limits of a signal at prescribed levels.


word: CLAN
russian_word: клан
example: the clan Macleod
definition: a close-knit group of interrelated families, especially in the Scottish Highlands.
synonyms: group of families|sept|gens|family|house|dynasty|tribe|line|sib|kinship group
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klan
phonetics_text: klan
origin:
late Middle English: from Scottish Gaelic clann ‘offspring, family’, from Old Irish cland, from Latin planta ‘sprout’.


word: CLANDESTINE
russian_word: тайный
example: she deserved better than these clandestine meetings
definition: kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit.
antonyms: open|above board
origin: mid 16th century: from French clandestin or Latin clandestinus, from clam ‘secretly’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: klanˈdɛstɪn
phonetics_text: klanˈdɛstɪn|ˈklandɛstɪn
synonyms:
secret|covert|furtive|surreptitious|stealthy|cloak-and-dagger|hole-and-corner|hole-in-the-corner|closet|behind-the-scenes|backstairs|back-alley|under-the-table|hugger-mugger|concealed|hidden|private|sly|sneaky|underhand|undercover|underground|black|hush-hush


word: CLANGER
russian_word: грубый промах
example: the minister had dropped a massive political clanger
definition: an absurd or embarrassing blunder.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklaŋə
phonetics_text: ˈklaŋə
synonyms:
mistake|blunder|gaffe|error|faux pas|slip of the tongue/pen|solecism|misjudgement|miscalculation|indiscretion|impropriety|slip-up|boo-boo|boner|howler|boob|bloomer|floater|goof|blooper|bloop|lapsus linguae|lapsus calami


word: CLANK
russian_word: лязг
example: the groan and clank of a winch
definition: a loud, sharp sound or series of sounds, as made by pieces of metal being struck together.
origin: late Middle English (but rare before the mid 17th century): imitative.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klaŋk
phonetics_text: klaŋk
synonyms:
jangling|clanging|rattling|clinking|jingling|clunking|clattering|clang|jangle|rattle|clangour|clink|jingle|clunk|clatter


word: CLAP
russian_word: хлопок
example: Agnes clapped her hands in glee|as they parted, he clapped Owen on the back
antonyms: boo|jeer
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: klap
phonetics_text: klap
definition:
strike the palms of (one's hands) together repeatedly, typically in order to applaud someone or something.|slap (someone) encouragingly on the back or shoulder.

synonyms:
applaud|clap one's hands|put one's hands together|applaud someone to the echo|give someone a (big) hand|bring the house down|give it up

origin:
Old English clappan  ‘throb, beat’, of imitative origin. clap1 (sense 1 of the verb) dates from late Middle English.


word: CLAPPERBOARD
russian_word: нумератор с 'хлопушкой'
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklapəbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈklapəbɔːd
definition:
a pair of hinged boards that are struck together at the beginning of filming to synchronize the starting of picture and sound machinery.


word: CLAPTRAP
russian_word: показной
example: such sentiments are just pious claptrap
definition: absurd or nonsensical talk or ideas.
origin: mid 18th century (denoting something designed to elicit applause): from clap1 + trap1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklaptrap
phonetics_text: ˈklaptrap
synonyms:
nonsense|balderdash|gibberish|blarney|guff|blather|blether|rubbish|hogwash|baloney|tripe|drivel|gobbledygook|bilge|bosh|bull|bunk|hot air|eyewash|piffle|poppycock|phooey|hooey|malarkey|twaddle|dribble|rot|cobblers|codswallop|cock|stuff and nonsense|tosh|double Dutch|flannel|waffle|havers|garbage|flapdoodle|blathers|wack|bushwa|applesauce|bunkum|tommyrot|cod|gammon|toffee|shit|bullshit|crap|bollocks|balls|crapola|bulldust


word: CLAQUE
russian_word: клака
example: she was surrounded by a claque of fawning admirers
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klak
phonetics_text: klak|klɑːk
definition:
a group of sycophantic followers.|a group of people hired to applaud (or heckle) a performer or public speaker.

origin:
mid 19th century: French, from claquer ‘to clap’. The practice of paying members of an audience for their support originated at the Paris opera.


word: CLARENCE
russian_word: Кларенс
origin: mid 19th century: named in honour of the Duke of Clarence, later William IV.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklar(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈklar(ə)ns
definition:
a closed horse-drawn carriage with four wheels, seating four inside and two outside next to the coachman.


word: CLARIFY
russian_word: прояснить
example: clarify the butter by using a spoon to skim off the foam
antonyms: confuse|obscure
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈklarɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈklarɪfʌɪ
definition:
make (a statement or situation) less confused and more comprehensible.|melt (butter) in order to separate out the water and milk solids.

synonyms:
make clear|shed light on|throw light on|elucidate|illuminate|make plain|make simple|simplify|explain|explicate|define|spell out|clear up|sort out|resolve

origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘set forth clearly’ and ‘make pure and clean’): from Old French clarifier, from late Latin clarificare, from Latin clarus ‘clear’.


word: CLARINET
russian_word: кларнет
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klarɪˈnɛt
phonetics_text: klarɪˈnɛt
definition:
a woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece, a cylindrical tube with a flared end, and holes stopped by keys.

origin:
mid 18th century: from French clarinette, diminutive of clarine, denoting a kind of bell; related to clarion.


word: CLARITY
russian_word: ясность
definition: the quality of being coherent and intelligible.|the quality of transparency or purity.
antonyms: obscurity|vagueness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklarɪti
phonetics_text: ˈklarɪti
example:
for the sake of clarity, each of these strategies is dealt with separately|the crystal clarity of water

synonyms:
lucidity|lucidness|clearness|perspicuity|intelligibility|comprehensibility|coherence|simplicity|plainness|explicitness|lack of ambiguity|precision

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘glory, divine splendour’): from Latin claritas, from clarus ‘clear’. The current sense dates from the early 17th century.


word: CLARY
russian_word: шалфей мускатный
origin: late Middle English: from obsolete French clarie, from medieval Latin sclarea .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛːri
phonetics_text: ˈklɛːri
definition:
an aromatic herbaceous plant of the mint family, some kinds of which are used as culinary and medicinal herbs.


word: CLASH
russian_word: столкновение
origin: early 16th century: imitative.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klaʃ
phonetics_text: klaʃ
example:
there have been minor clashes with security forces|a clash of tweeds and a striped shirt|a clash of cymbals

definition:
a violent confrontation.|a mismatch of colours.|a loud jarring sound, as of metal objects being struck together.

synonyms:
confrontation|skirmish|brush|encounter|engagement|collision|incident|conflict|fight|battle|hostilities|fighting|warring|rencounter


word: CLASP
russian_word: застежка
example: he clasped her arm|one modest emerald clasped her robe
synonyms: grasp|grip|clutch|hold tightly|hang on to|cling to|take hold of|seize|grab
origin: Middle English: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: klɑːsp
phonetics_text: klɑːsp
definition:
grasp (something) tightly with one's hand.|fasten (something) with a small brooch or similar device.


word: CLASS
russian_word: класс
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adjective
phonetic: klɑːs
phonetics_text: klɑːs
example:
it has good accommodation for a hotel of this class|people who are socially disenfranchised by class|selected pupils act as representatives for the whole class

definition:
a set or category of things having some property or attribute in common and differentiated from others by kind, type, or quality.|a system of ordering society whereby people are divided into sets based on perceived social or economic status.|a group of students or pupils who are taught together.

synonyms:
category|grade|rating|classification|group|grouping|bracket|set|division|kind|sort|type|order|variety|genre|brand|species|genus|family|generation|breed|strain|denomination|stamp|ilk|kidney|style|cast|grain|mould|stripe|phylum

origin:
mid 16th century (in class (sense 3 of the noun)): from Latin classis ‘a division of the Roman people, a grade, or a class of pupils’.


word: CLASSIC
russian_word: классический
example: a classic novel|Hamlet is the classic example of a tragedy
antonyms: atypical|anomalous
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈklasɪk
phonetics_text: ˈklasɪk
definition:
judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.|very typical of its kind.

synonyms:
definitive|authoritative|outstanding|of the highest quality|first-rate|first-class|best|finest|excellent|superior|masterly|exemplary|consummate|ideal

origin:
early 17th century: from French classique or Latin classicus ‘belonging to a class or division’, later ‘of the highest class’, from classis (see class).


word: CLASSICAL
russian_word: классический
example: classical mythology|classical ballet
antonyms: modern
synonyms: ancient Greek|Grecian|Hellenic|Attic|Latin|ancient Roman
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklasɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈklasɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture.|representing an exemplary standard within a traditional and long-established form or style.

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘outstanding of its kind’): from Latin classicus ‘belonging to a class’ (see classic) + -al.


word: CLASSICALLY
russian_word: классически
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈklasɪk(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˈklasɪk(ə)li
example:
the nineteenth-century classically educated reader|a classically trained British stage actor|we can describe light classically in terms of an electromagnetic wave

definition:
in a way that relates to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture.|to an exemplary standard within a traditional and long-established form or style.|according to or in accordance with concepts and theories which preceded the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics.


word: CLASSICO
russian_word: классико
example: Chianti Classico
origin: Italian.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklasɪkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈklasɪkəʊ
definition:
(of Italian wine) produced in the region from which the type takes its name, and thus of a higher standard than a regional wine without the designation.


word: CLASSIFICATION
russian_word: классификация
example: the classification of disease according to symptoms
definition: the action or process of classifying something.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌklasɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌklasɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
categorization|categorizing|classifying|classing|grouping|grading|ranking|organization|sorting|codification|systematization|stratification|taxonomy


word: CLASSIFY
russian_word: классифицировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈklasɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈklasɪfʌɪ
example:
mountain peaks are classified according to their shape|government officials classified 6.3 million documents in 1992

definition:
arrange (a group of people or things) in classes or categories according to shared qualities or characteristics.|designate (documents or information) as officially secret.

origin:
late 18th century: back-formation from classification, from French, from classe ‘class’, from Latin classis ‘division’.


word: CLASSIFYING
russian_word: сортировка
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklasɪfʌɪɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈklasɪfʌɪɪŋ
definition:
(of an adjective) describing the class that a head noun belongs to and characterized by not having a comparative or superlative (for example American, mortal ).


word: CLASSY
russian_word: классный
example: the hotel is classy but relaxed
definition: stylish and sophisticated.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklɑːsi
phonetics_text: ˈklɑːsi
synonyms:
stylish|high-class|superior|exclusive|chic|elegant|smart|sophisticated|fancy|expensive|upmarket|high-toned|upscale|posh|ritzy|plush|plushy|swanky|snazzy|swish|swank|tony|on fleek


word: CLATHRATE
russian_word: клатрат
origin: 1940s: from Latin clathratus, from clathri ‘lattice bars’, from Greek klēthra .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklaθreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈklaθreɪt
definition:
a compound in which molecules of one component are physically trapped within the crystal structure of another.


word: CLATTERING
russian_word: гремящий
example: a clattering of pans in the kitchen|you will have to chatter like a clattering of choughs
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklatərɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈklatərɪŋ
definition:
a continuous rattling sound as of hard objects falling or striking each other.|a flock of choughs (birds).


word: CLAUDICATION
russian_word: хромота
definition: limping.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌklɔːdɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌklɔːdɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin claudicatio(n- ), from the verb claudicare ‘to limp’, from claudus ‘lame’.


word: CLAUSE
russian_word: пункт
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɔːz
phonetics_text: klɔːz
definition:
a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate.|a particular and separate article, stipulation, or proviso in a treaty, bill, or contract.

synonyms:
section|paragraph|article|subsection|note|item|point|passage|part|heading|stipulation|condition|proviso|provision|rider|specification|requirement

origin:
Middle English: via Old French clause, based on Latin claus- ‘shut, closed’, from the verb claudere .


word: CLAUSTRAL
russian_word: монастырский
example: claustral buildings|this claustral heat
definition: relating to a cloister or religious house.|enveloping; confining.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklɔːstr(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈklɔːstr(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin claustralis, from Latin claustrum ‘lock, enclosed place’ (see cloister).


word: CLAW
russian_word: коготь
definition: a curved pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot in birds, lizards, and some mammals.
synonyms: nail|talon|unguis|pounce
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klɔː
phonetics_text: klɔː
origin:
Old English clawu (noun), clawian (verb), of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch klauw and German Klaue .


word: CLAW HAMMER
russian_word: молоток
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a hammer with one side of the head split and curved, used for extracting nails.|a style of banjo playing in which the thumb and fingers strum or pluck the strings in a downward motion.


word: CLAY
russian_word: глина
example: the soil is mainly clay
origin: Old English clǣg, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch klei, also to cleave2 and climb.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kleɪ
phonetics_text: kleɪ
definition:
a stiff, sticky fine-grained earth that can be moulded when wet, and is dried and baked to make bricks, pottery, and ceramics.|a European moth with yellowish-brown wings.

synonyms:
earth|terracotta|gault|catlinite|pipeclay|pipestone|argil|china clay|kaolin|adobe|ball clay|bole|pug|slip|barbotine|fireclay


word: CLAY PIGEON
russian_word: мишень
example: clay pigeon shooting
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a saucer-shaped piece of baked clay or other material thrown up in the air from a trap as a target for shooting.


word: CLEAN
russian_word: чистый
antonyms: dirty
origin: Old English clǣne, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German klein ‘small’.
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|verb|noun
phonetic: kliːn
phonetics_text: kliːn
example:
the room was spotlessly clean|clean living|a clean fracture of the leg|clean, fresh, natural flavours

definition:
free from dirt, marks, or stains.|morally uncontaminated; pure; innocent.|free from irregularities; having a smooth edge or surface.|(of a taste, sound, or smell) giving a clear and distinctive impression to the senses; sharp and fresh.

synonyms:
washed|scrubbed|cleansed|cleaned|polished|spotless|unsoiled|unstained|unspotted|unsullied|unblemished|immaculate|pristine|speckless|dirt-free|hygienic|sanitary|disinfected|sterilized|sterile|aseptic|decontaminated|healthy|pure|white|whiter than white|laundered|squeaky clean|as clean as a whistle


word: CLEAN OUT
russian_word: опоражнивать
definition: thoroughly clean the inside of something.|use up or take all someone's money.
example:
my mum says I have to go and clean out the hamster's cage|they were cleaned out by the Englishman at the baccarat table

synonyms:
bankrupt|ruin|make insolvent|make penniless|wipe out|impoverish|reduce to penury/destitution|bring to ruin|bring someone to their knees|break|cripple|pauperize|beggar


word: CLEANSKIN
russian_word: неклейменое животное
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklːnskɪn
phonetics_text: ˈklːnskɪn
example:
intelligence officials have been concerned for some time about the threat posed by cleanskins|Delacy began the trapping and branding of cleanskin cattle|Steve bought a cleanskin ($16) from the local tavern

definition:
a person who does not have an existing criminal record or who has not attracted the attention of police or security forces.|an animal that has not been branded with the owner's mark.|a bottle of wine whose label does not identify the producer, typically sold at a low price.


word: CLEAN UP
russian_word: убирать
example:
he always expected other people to clean up after him|the police chief was given the job of cleaning up a notorious district|Francis put three quid on a horse, figuring it was about time he cleaned up

definition:
make someone or something clean or neat.|restore order or morality to something.|make a substantial gain or profit.


word: CLEAR
russian_word: ясно
antonyms: vague|unclear
origin: Middle English: from Old French cler, from Latin clarus .
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|verb
phonetic: klɪə
phonetics_text: klɪə
example:
clear and precise directions|the clear glass of the French windows|with a clear road ahead he shifted into high gear|the lorry was wedged in the ditch, one wheel clear of the ground|you must give seven clear days' notice of the meeting

definition:
easy to perceive, understand, or interpret.|(of a substance) transparent; unclouded.|free of any obstructions or unwanted objects.|not touching; away from.|complete; full.|denoting a palatalized form of the sound of the letter l (as in leaf in most accents of English).

synonyms:
understandable|comprehensible|intelligible|easy to understand|plain|direct|uncomplicated|explicit|lucid|perspicuous|coherent|logical|distinct|simple|straightforward|clearly expressed|unambiguous|clear-cut|crystal clear|accessible|user-friendly|in words of one syllable|Anglo-Saxon


word: CLEARANCE
russian_word: просвет
antonyms: veto
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɪər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈklɪər(ə)ns
example:
cleaning of the machine should include clearance of blockages|the aircraft hadn't got diplomatic clearance to land in Mexico|always give cyclists plenty of clearance

definition:
the action or process of clearing or of being dispersed.|official authorization for something to proceed or take place.|clear space allowed for a thing to move past or under another.

synonyms:
authorization|permission|consent|approval|seal of approval|blessing|acceptance|leave|sanction|licence|dispensation|assent|agreement|concurrence|endorsement|imprimatur|permit|the green light|the go-ahead|the thumbs up|the OK|the say-so|the nod|the rubber stamp|nihil obstat


word: CLEARANCE SALE
russian_word: распродажа
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a sale of goods at reduced prices to get rid of superfluous stock or because the shop is closing down.


word: CLEAR-CUT
russian_word: ясно очерченный
example: we now had a clear-cut objective|clear-cut forests are unappealing for recreation
antonyms: blurred|indistinct|vague
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: klɪəˈkʌt
phonetics_text: klɪəˈkʌt
definition:
sharply defined; easy to perceive or understand.|(of an area) from which every tree has been cut down and removed.

synonyms:
definite|distinct|clear|well defined|sharply defined|precise|specific|explicit|unambiguous|black and white|hard and fast|unequivocal|straightforward|striking|obvious|marked|decided|sharp|crisp|stark|cut and dried


word: CLEARLY
russian_word: очевидно
example: her ability to write clearly
definition: in a clear manner; with clarity.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈklɪəli
phonetics_text: ˈklɪəli
synonyms:
intelligibly|plainly|distinctly|comprehensibly|understandably|perspicuously|with clarity|legibly|readably|audibly


word: CLEAR OFF
russian_word: проясняться
example: ‘Clear off!’ he yelled
definition: go away.
antonyms: stay
synonyms:
go away|get out|leave|be off with you!|shoo!|make yourself scarce!|on your way!|beat it|push off|clear out|shove off|scram|scoot|skedaddle|buzz off|hop it|sling your hook|rack off|bug off|take a hike|voetsak|hamba|begone|piss off|bugger off


word: CLEAR OUT
russian_word: очищать
definition: remove the contents from something so as to tidy it or free it for alternative use.|go away.
example:
they told her to clear out her desk by the next day|Okay people, nothing to see here. Now clear out!


word: CLEAR UP
russian_word: выяснять
example:
he wanted to clear up some misconceptions|I keep meaning to come down here and clear up|all my health problems cleared up|I said I would fix the roof when the weather clears up

definition:
solve or explain something.|tidy something up by removing rubbish or other unwanted items.|(of an illness or other medical condition) become cured.|(of the weather) become brighter.

synonyms:
solve|resolve|straighten out|find an/the answer to|answer|find the key to|decipher|break|get to the bottom of|make head or tail of|piece together|explain|expound|unravel|untangle|elucidate|crack|figure out|suss out


word: CLEAVE
russian_word: раскалывать
example: the large axe his father used to cleave wood for the fire
definition: split or sever (something), especially along a natural line or grain.
origin: Old English clēofan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch klieven and German klieben .
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kliːv
phonetics_text: kliːv
synonyms:
split|split open|crack open|lay open|divide|sever|splinter|cut (up)|hew|hack|chop up|slice up|halve|bisect|quarter|rend|sunder|rive


word: CLEMATIS
russian_word: клематис
origin: Latin (also denoting the periwinkle), from Greek klēmatis, from klēma ‘vine branch’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛmətɪs
phonetics_text: ˈklɛmətɪs|kləˈmeɪtɪs
definition:
a climbing plant of the buttercup family which bears white, pink, or purple flowers and feathery seeds. Several kinds are cultivated as ornamentals.


word: CLEMENCY
russian_word: помилование
example: an appeal for clemency
definition: mercy; lenience.
antonyms: ruthlessness|strictness
origin: late Middle English: from Latin clementia, from clemens, clement- ‘clement’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛmənsi
phonetics_text: ˈklɛmənsi
synonyms:
mercy|mercifulness|leniency|lenience|mildness|indulgence|forbearance|quarter|compassion|humanity|pity|sympathy|kindness|magnanimity|benignity|charity|grace|humaneness|humanitarianism|soft-heartedness|tenderness


word: CLEMENTINE
russian_word: клементин
origin: 1920s: from French clémentine, from the male given name Clément .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛm(ə)ntʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈklɛm(ə)ntʌɪn|ˈklɛm(ə)ntiːn
definition:
a tangerine of a deep orange-red North African variety which is grown around the Mediterranean and in South Africa.


word: CLENBUTEROL
russian_word: кленбутерол
origin: 1970s: from c(h)l(oro-) + (ph)en(yl) + but(yl) + er + -ol.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɛnˈbjuːtərɒl
phonetics_text: klɛnˈbjuːtərɒl
definition:
a synthetic drug used in the treatment of asthma and respiratory diseases and also in veterinary obstetrics. It also promotes the growth of muscle and has been used illegally by athletes to enhance performance.


word: CLENCH
russian_word: сжимать
example: she clenched her fists, struggling for control
origin: Old English (in the sense of clinch ‘fix securely’): of Germanic origin; related to cling.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: klɛn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: klɛn(t)ʃ
definition:
(with reference to the fingers or hand) close into a tight ball, especially as a manifestation of extreme anger.


word: CLEOPATRA
russian_word: Клеопатра
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌklɪəˈpatrə
phonetics_text: ˌklɪəˈpatrə
definition:
a European butterfly related to the brimstone, with wings that vary from pale cream to orange-yellow.


word: CLERGY
russian_word: духовенство
example: all marriages were to be solemnized by the clergy
definition: the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
antonyms: laity
origin: Middle English: from Old French, based on ecclesiastical Latin clericus ‘clergyman’ (see cleric).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkləːdʒi
phonetics_text: ˈkləːdʒi
synonyms:
clergymen|clergywomen|churchmen|churchwomen|clerics|priests|ecclesiastics|men/women of God|men/women of the cloth|ministry|priesthood|holy orders|the church|the cloth|first estate


word: CLERGYMAN
russian_word: священник
definition: a male priest, minister, or religious leader, especially a Christian one.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkləːdʒɪmən
phonetics_text: ˈkləːdʒɪmən
synonyms:
priest|churchman|man of the cloth|man of God|cleric|minister|preacher|chaplain|father|ecclesiastic|divine|theologian|bishop|pastor|vicar|rector|parson|curate|assistant curate|deacon|deaconess|rabbi|imam|kirkman|abbé|curé|dominie|reverend|padre|Holy Joe|sky pilot|josser|Bible-basher|God-botherer


word: CLERICAL
russian_word: клерикальный
example: a clerical assistant|he was still attired in his clerical outfit
antonyms: secular
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklɛrɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈklɛrɪk(ə)l
definition:
concerned with or relating to work in an office, especially routine documentation and administrative tasks.|relating to the clergy.

synonyms:
office|desk|back-room|administrative|secretarial|writing|typing|keyboarding|filing|bookkeeping|white-collar|pen-pushing

origin:
late 15th century (in clerical (sense 2)): from ecclesiastical Latin clericalis, from clericus ‘clergyman’ (see cleric).


word: CLERIHEW
russian_word: клерихью
origin: 1920s: named after Edmund Clerihew Bentley (see Bentley, Edmund Clerihew), who invented it.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛrɪhjuː
phonetics_text: ˈklɛrɪhjuː
definition:
a short comic or nonsensical verse, typically in two rhyming couplets with lines of unequal length and referring to a famous person.


word: CLERISY
russian_word: творческой интеллигенции
example: the clerisy are those who read for pleasure
definition: learned or literary people regarded as a social group or class.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛrɪsi
phonetics_text: ˈklɛrɪsi
origin:
early 19th century: apparently influenced by German Klerisei, based on Greek klēros ‘heritage’ (see cleric).


word: CLERK
russian_word: клерк
example: a bank clerk|she approached the desk and the clerk looked down at her
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klɑːk
phonetics_text: klɑːk
definition:
a person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties.|a receptionist in a hotel.|a member of the clergy.|a literate or scholarly person.

synonyms:
office worker|clerical worker|administrator|administrative officer|bookkeeper|record keeper|account keeper|cashier|teller|babu|pen-pusher|scrivener

origin:
Old English cleric, clerc (in the sense ‘ordained minister, literate person’), from ecclesiastical Latin clericus ‘clergyman’ (see cleric); reinforced by Old French clerc, from the same source. clerk (sense 1 of the noun) dates from the early 16th century.


word: CLEVER
russian_word: умный
definition: quick to understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas; intelligent.|healthy or well.
antonyms: stupid
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklɛvə
phonetics_text: ˈklɛvə
example:
she was an extremely clever and studious young woman|I was up and about by this time though still not too clever

synonyms:
intelligent|bright|smart|brilliant|talented|gifted|precocious|capable|able|competent|apt|proficient|educated|learned|erudite|academic|bookish|knowledgeable|wise|sagacious|brainy|genius

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘quick to catch hold’, only recorded in this period): perhaps of Dutch or Low German origin, and related to cleave2. In the late 16th century the term came to mean (probably through dialect use) ‘manually skilful’; the sense ‘possessing mental agility’ dates from the early 18th century.


word: CLEVERNESS
russian_word: ловкость
example: people marvelled at his cleverness
definition: the quality of being clever; intelligence or shrewdness.
antonyms: stupidity|foolishness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛvənəs
phonetics_text: ˈklɛvənəs
synonyms:
intelligence|brilliance|genius|intellect|precocity|precociousness|talent|ability|capability|competence|proficiency|education|learnedness|erudition|bookishness|knowledgeableness|sagacity|wisdom|braininess|brains|smarts|shrewdness|astuteness|sharp-wittedness|quick-wittedness|acuteness|acuity|ingenuity|ingeniousness|resourcefulness|canniness|cunning|craftiness|artfulness|wiliness


word: CLEVIS
russian_word: скоба
example: a clevis pin
origin: late 16th century: perhaps related to cleave1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɛvɪs
phonetics_text: ˈklɛvɪs
definition:
a U-shaped or forked metal connector to which another part can be fastened by means of a bolt or pin passing through the ends of the connector.


word: CLEW
russian_word: клубок
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kluː
phonetics_text: kluː
definition:
the lower or after corner of a sail.|the cords by which a hammock is suspended.|a ball of thread.|archaic variant of clue.

origin:
Old English cliwen, cleowen (denoting a rounded mass, also a ball of thread), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kluwen . All senses are also recorded for the form clue.


word: CLICK
russian_word: щелчок
example: she heard the click of the door|it's normal for a click to select an item
synonyms: clink|clack|chink|snick|snap|pop|tick
origin: late 16th century (as a verb): imitative.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klɪk
phonetics_text: klɪk
definition:
a short, sharp sound as of a switch being operated or of two hard objects coming smartly into contact.|an act of selecting an option on an electronic interface by pressing a button or touching a screen.


word: CLIENT
russian_word: клиент
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklʌɪənt
phonetics_text: ˈklʌɪənt
example:
insurance tailor-made to a client's specific requirements|workstation clients are going to be easy to install

definition:
a person or organization using the services of a lawyer or other professional person or company.|(in a network) a desktop computer or workstation that is capable of obtaining information and applications from a server.|(in ancient Rome) a plebeian under the protection of a patrician.

synonyms:
customer|buyer|purchaser|shopper|consumer|user|patient|patron|regular|habitué|frequenter|clientele|patronage|public|market|trade|business|punter|vendee|emptor

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin cliens, client-, variant of cluens ‘heeding’, from cluere ‘hear or obey’. The term originally denoted a person under the protection and patronage of another, hence a person ‘protected’ by a legal adviser (client (sense 1)).


word: CLIENTELE
russian_word: клиентура
example: the solicitor's clientele
definition: clients collectively.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkliːɒnˈtɛl
phonetics_text: ˌkliːɒnˈtɛl
origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘clientship, patronage’): via French from Latin clientela ‘clientship’, from cliens, client- (see client).


word: CLIMACTIC
russian_word: климатические
example: the film's climactic scenes
definition: acting as a culmination or resolution to a series of events; forming an exciting climax.
antonyms: anticlimactic|bathetic
origin: late 19th century: formed irregularly from climax + -ic, probably influenced by climacteric.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: klʌɪˈmaktɪk
phonetics_text: klʌɪˈmaktɪk
synonyms:
final|culminating|ending|finishing|closing|concluding|ultimate|exciting|thrilling|stirring|action-packed|gripping|riveting|dramatic|hair-raising|crucial|decisive|deciding|critical|momentous


word: CLIMATE
russian_word: климат
example: our cold, wet climate
definition: the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
synonyms: weather pattern|weather conditions|weather|atmospheric conditions
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklʌɪmət
phonetics_text: ˈklʌɪmət
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French climat or late Latin clima, climat-, from Greek klima ‘slope, zone’, from klinein ‘to slope’. The term originally denoted a zone of the earth between two lines of latitude, then any region of the earth, and later, a region considered with reference to its atmospheric conditions. Compare with clime.


word: CLIMAX
russian_word: кульминация
example: she was nearing the climax of her speech
definition: the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; the culmination.
antonyms: nadir|anticlimax
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈklʌɪmaks
phonetics_text: ˈklʌɪmaks
synonyms:
peak|pinnacle|height|high point|highest point|summit|top|acme|zenith|apex|apogee|apotheosis|culmination|crowning point|crown|crest|crescendo|finale|denouement|highlight|high spot|best part|high water mark

origin:
mid 16th century (in rhetoric): from late Latin, from Greek klimax ‘ladder, climax’. The sense ‘culmination’ arose in the late 18th century.


word: CLIMB
russian_word: подъем
example: we began to climb the hill|Howard started to climb out of the front seat
antonyms: descend
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: klʌɪm
phonetics_text: klʌɪm
definition:
go or come up a (slope or staircase); ascend.|move with effort, especially into or out of a confined space; clamber.

synonyms:
ascend|mount|scale|scramble up|clamber up|shin up|go up|move up|walk up|make one's way up|swarm up|conquer|shinny (up)

origin:
Old English climban, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German klimmen, also to clay and cleave2.


word: CLINCH
russian_word: клинч
example: the Texan wanted to impress him to clinch a business deal
origin: late 16th century (in the senses ‘something that grips’ and ‘fix securely’): variant of clench.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: klɪn(t)ʃ
phonetics_text: klɪn(t)ʃ
definition:
confirm or settle (a contract or bargain).|grapple at close quarters, especially (of boxers) so as to be too closely engaged for full-arm blows.|secure (a nail or rivet) by driving the point sideways when it has penetrated.

synonyms:
secure|settle|conclude|close|pull off|bring off|complete|confirm|seal|set the seal on|finalize|shake hands on|reach an agreement on|transact|sew up|wrap up|string|button up


word: CLING
russian_word: цепляться
example: she clung to Joe's arm
definition: hold on tightly to.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: klɪŋ
phonetics_text: klɪŋ
synonyms:
hold on to|clutch|grip|grasp|clasp|attach oneself to|hang on to|hold tightly|clench|embrace|hug|cuddle|entwine oneself around

origin:
Old English clingan  ‘stick together’, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch klingen ‘adhere’, Middle High German klingen ‘climb’, also to clench.


word: CLINIC
russian_word: клиника
example: an antenatal clinic|a drum clinic
synonyms: medical centre|health centre|outpatients' department|surgery|doctor's|polyclinic
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɪnɪk
phonetics_text: ˈklɪnɪk
definition:
an establishment or hospital department where outpatients are given medical treatment or advice, especially of a specialist nature.|a conference or short course on a particular subject.

origin:
mid 19th century (in the sense ‘teaching of medicine at the bedside’): from French clinique, from Greek klinikē (tekhnē) ‘bedside (art)’, from klinē ‘bed’.


word: CLINICAL
russian_word: клинический
example: clinical medicine|nothing was left to chance—everything was clinical
antonyms: emotional
origin: late 18th century: from Greek klinikē ‘bedside’ (see clinic) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l
definition:
relating to the observation and treatment of actual patients rather than theoretical or laboratory studies.|very efficient and without feeling; coldly detached.

synonyms:
detached|impersonal|dispassionate|objective|uninvolved|distant|remote|aloof|removed|cold|indifferent|neutral|unsympathetic|unfeeling|unemotional|non-emotional|unsentimental|scientific|analytic|rational|logical|hard-headed|sober|businesslike


word: CLINICALLY
russian_word: клинически
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈklɪnɪkli
phonetics_text: ˈklɪnɪkli
example:
a clinically proven effective treatment|they calmly and clinically documented the ongoing destruction

definition:
in a way that relates to the observation and treatment of actual patients rather than theoretical or laboratory studies.|in a very efficient and detached way.


word: CLINT
russian_word: Клинт
definition: a block forming part of a natural limestone pavement, separated from others by fissures (grikes).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɪnt
phonetics_text: klɪnt
origin:
Middle English: of Scandinavian origin; related to Danish klint ‘cliff’ and Swedish klint ‘summit, cliff’.


word: CLIOMETRICS
russian_word: клиометрия
origin: 1960s (originally US): from Clio, on the pattern of words such as econometrics .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌklʌɪə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪks
phonetics_text: ˌklʌɪə(ʊ)ˈmɛtrɪks
definition:
a technique for the interpretation of economic history, based on the statistical analysis of large-scale numerical data from population censuses, parish registers, and similar sources.


word: CLIP
russian_word: клип
example: he undid two clips and lifted the lid|he shot twice, but his clip was empty
synonyms: fastener|clasp|hasp|catch|pin|hook|buckle|lock|coupler|link
origin: Old English clyppan (verb), of West Germanic origin. The noun use dates from the late 15th century.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klɪp
phonetics_text: klɪp
definition:
a flexible or spring-loaded device for holding an object or objects together or in place.|a metal holder containing cartridges for an automatic firearm.


word: CLIPBOARD
russian_word: буфер обмена
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɪpbɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈklɪpbɔːd
definition:
a small board with a spring clip at the top, used for holding papers and providing support for writing.


word: CLIQUE
russian_word: клика
example: his flat became a haven for a clique of young men of similar tastes
definition: a small close-knit group of people who do not readily allow others to join them.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kliːk
phonetics_text: kliːk
synonyms:
coterie|circle|inner circle|crowd|in-crowd|set|group|pack|band|ring|mob|crew|club|society|fraternity|sorority|fellowship|camp|cartel|cabal|junta|caucus|cell|lobby|push|gang|bunch|camarilla

origin:
early 18th century: from French, from Old French cliquer ‘make a noise’; the modern sense is related to claque.


word: CLITIC
russian_word: клитика
origin: 1940s: from (en)clitic and (pro)clitic .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɪtɪk
phonetics_text: ˈklɪtɪk
definition:
an unstressed word that normally occurs only in combination with another word, for example 'm in I'm.


word: CLIVIA
russian_word: Кливия
origin: modern Latin, from Clive, the maiden name of Charlotte, Duchess of Northumberland (1787–1866).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklʌɪvɪə
phonetics_text: ˈklʌɪvɪə
definition:
a southern African plant of the lily family, with dark green straplike leaves and trumpet-shaped orange, red, or yellow flowers.


word: CLOAK
russian_word: плащ
example: he threw his cloak about him|ground-floor accommodation comprises hall, cloaks, lounge, kitchen
definition: a sleeveless outdoor overgarment that hangs loosely from the shoulders.|a cloakroom.
synonyms: cape|mantle|robe
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kləʊk
phonetics_text: kləʊk
origin:
Middle English: from Old French cloke, dialect variant of cloche ‘bell, cloak’ (from its bell shape), from medieval Latin clocca ‘bell’. Compare with clock1.


word: CLOBBER
russian_word: колошматить
example: if he does that I'll clobber him!
definition: hit (someone) hard.
origin: Second World War (apparently air force slang): of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈklɒbə
phonetics_text: ˈklɒbə
synonyms:
hit|strike|slap|smack|cuff|punch|beat|thrash|thump|batter|belabour|drub|hook|pound|smash|slam|welt|pummel|hammer|bang|knock|swat|whip|flog|cane|sucker-punch|rain blows on|box someone's ears|whack|wallop|bash|biff|bop|clout|clip|sock|swipe|crown|lick|give someone a (good) hiding|belt|tan|lay one on|lay into|pitch into|lace into|let someone have it|lam|whomp|deck|floor|stick one on|dot|slosh|twat|welly|slug|boff|bust|whale|dong|quilt|king-hit|smite|swinge|baste|buffet|birch


word: CLOCHE
russian_word: крышка скороварки
origin: late 19th century: from French, literally ‘bell’ (see cloak).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɒʃ
phonetics_text: klɒʃ|kləʊʃ
definition:
a small translucent cover for protecting or forcing outdoor plants.|a woman's close-fitting bell-shaped hat.


word: CLOCK
russian_word: часы
example: the church clock struck four|I thought I recognized your clock
synonyms: timepiece|timekeeper|timer|chronometer|chronograph
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klɒk
phonetics_text: klɒk
definition:
a mechanical or electrical device for measuring time, indicating hours, minutes, and sometimes seconds by hands on a round dial or by displayed figures.|a downy spherical seed head, especially that of a dandelion.|a person's face.

origin:
late Middle English: from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch klocke, based on medieval Latin clocca ‘bell’.


word: CLOD
russian_word: ком
definition: a lump of earth or clay.|a stupid person.|a coarse cut of meat from the lower neck of an ox.
synonyms: lump|clump|chunk|mass|piece|hunk|slab|wedge|dollop|wodge
origin: late Middle English: variant of clot.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɒd
phonetics_text: klɒd
example:
frost is essential for breaking up clods into manageable sizes|you're an insensitive clod and I hope you fall and break your neck|other stewing cuts (in England known to the meat trade as clod) may cook in 90 minutes


word: CLOISTER
russian_word: монастырь
example: the shadowed cloisters of the convent
synonyms: walkway|covered walk|corridor|aisle|arcade|loggia|gallery|piazza|colonnade|ambulatory|stoa
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈklɔɪstə
phonetics_text: ˈklɔɪstə
definition:
a covered walk in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral, typically with a colonnade open to a quadrangle on one side.

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘place of religious seclusion’): from Old French cloistre, from Latin claustrum, clostrum ‘lock, enclosed place’, from claudere, ‘to close’.


word: CLOISTERED
russian_word: заточенный
example: a cloistered walkway|a cloistered upbringing
definition: enclosed by or having a cloister.|kept away from the outside world; sheltered.
antonyms: sociable|gregarious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklɔɪstəd
phonetics_text: ˈklɔɪstəd
synonyms:
secluded|sheltered|sequestered|shielded|protected|shut-off|isolated|withdrawn|confined|restricted|insulated|reclusive|retiring|unworldly|solitary|monastic|hermitic|hermit-like|eremitic|anchoritic|cloistral


word: CLOSE
russian_word: близко
antonyms: far|distant|remote
part_of_speech: adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: kləʊs
phonetics_text: kləʊs
example:
the hotel is close to the sea|the family history of cancer in close relatives|pay close attention to what your body is telling you about yourself|a close, hazy day

definition:
only a short distance away or apart in space or time.|denoting a family member who is part of a person's immediate family, typically a parent or sibling.|(of observation, examination, etc.) done in a careful and thorough way.|uncomfortably humid or airless.|another term for high (sense 7 of the adjective).

synonyms:
near|adjacent|in close proximity|close/near at hand|not far from|in the vicinity of|in the neighbourhood of|within reach of|within close range of|neighbouring|hard by|adjoining|abutting|alongside|on the doorstep|within sight|within earshot|a stone's throw away|close by|nearby|at hand|at close quarters|contiguous|proximate|accessible|handy|convenient|walkable|within spitting distance|a hop|a skip|and a jump away|within sniffing distance|nigh

origin:
Middle English: from Old French clos (as noun and adjective), from Latin clausum ‘enclosure’ and clausus ‘closed’, past participle of claudere .


word: CLOSE DOWN
russian_word: задраивать
example: the company closed down some years later
definition: cease business or operation, especially permanently.
antonyms: open
synonyms:
close|shut down|cease activity|cease production|cease operating|come to a halt|cease trading|fail|collapse|go out of business|crash|go under|go bankrupt|become insolvent|go into receivership|go into liquidation|be liquidated|be wound up|be closed (down)|be shut (down)|fold|flop|go broke|go bump|go to the wall|go bust


word: CLOSET
russian_word: чулан
example: he has a closet full of designer suits|his brother's decision to come out of the closet
synonyms: cupboard|wardrobe|cabinet|locker|storage room|cubicle
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
phonetic: ˈklɒzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈklɒzɪt
definition:
a tall cupboard or wardrobe with a door, used for storage.|used to refer to a state of secrecy or concealment, especially about one's homosexuality.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a private or small room): from Old French, diminutive of clos ‘closed’ (see close1).


word: CLOSTRIDIUM
russian_word: клостридии
origin: modern Latin, based on Greek klōstēr ‘spindle’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɒˈstrɪdɪəm
phonetics_text: klɒˈstrɪdɪəm
definition:
an anaerobic bacterium of a large genus that includes many pathogenic species, e.g. those causing tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism, and other forms of food poisoning.


word: CLOSURE
russian_word: закрытие
example: hospitals that face closure|a closure motion|he brings modernistic closure to his narrative
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkləʊʒə
phonetics_text: ˈkləʊʒə
definition:
an act or process of closing something, especially an institution, thoroughfare, or frontier, or of being closed.|(in a legislative assembly) a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.|a sense of resolution or conclusion at the end of an artistic work.

synonyms:
closing down|shutting down|shutdown|winding up|termination|discontinuation|discontinuance|cessation|finish|finishing|conclusion|concluding|stoppage|stopping|halting|ceasing|failure|folding

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin clausura, from claus- ‘closed’, from the verb claudere .


word: CLOT
russian_word: сгусток
example: a blood clot|Watch where you're going, you clot!
synonyms: lump|clump|mass|curdling|obstruction|glob|gob|thrombus|thrombosis|embolus|embolism
origin: Old English clott, clot, of Germanic origin; related to German Klotz .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klɒt
phonetics_text: klɒt
definition:
a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood, or of material stuck together.|a foolish or clumsy person.


word: CLOTH
russian_word: ткань
example: a broad piece of pleated cloth|has he given up all ideas of the cloth?
synonyms: fabric|material|textile|stuff|textiles|dry goods|soft goods
origin: Old English clāth, related to Dutch kleed and German Kleid, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: klɒθ
phonetics_text: klɒθ
definition:
woven or felted fabric made from wool, cotton, or a similar fibre.|the clergy; the clerical profession.


word: CLOTHE
russian_word: одевать
example: Francesca was clothed in white
definition: put clothes on (oneself or someone); dress.
antonyms: undress|uncover
origin: Old English (only recorded in the past participle geclāded ), from clāth (see cloth).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kləʊð
phonetics_text: kləʊð
synonyms:
dress|attire|outfit|array|rig (out)|turn out|fit out|costume|trick out/up|robe|garb|deck out|drape|accoutre|put clothes on|doll up|get up|bedizen|caparison|apparel|trap out|habit|invest|cover|overlay|overspread|cloak|blanket|carpet|envelop|swathe|swaddle|shroud|wrap|surround|enshroud


word: CLOTHES
russian_word: одежда
example: he stripped off his clothes|Rosie got into bed and pulled the clothes up to her nose
definition: items worn to cover the body.|bedclothes.
origin: Old English clāthas, plural of clāth (see cloth).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kləʊ(ð)z
phonetics_text: kləʊ(ð)z
synonyms:
clothing|garments|articles of clothing/dress|attire|garb|dress|wear|wardrobe|outfit|costume|turnout|finery|gear|garms|togs|duds|get-up|glad rags|clobber|kit|rig-out|threads|apparel|raiment|habiliments|habit|vestments


word: CLOTHING
russian_word: одежда
example: bring warm clothing and waterproofs
definition: clothes collectively.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkləʊðɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkləʊðɪŋ
synonyms:
clothes|garments|articles of clothing/dress|attire|garb|dress|wear|wardrobe|outfit|costume|turnout|finery|gear|garms|togs|duds|get-up|glad rags|clobber|kit|rig-out|threads|apparel|raiment|habiliments|habit|vestments


word: CLOUD
russian_word: облако
synonyms: threat|menace|shadow|spectre|blight|gloom|darkness|chill|pall|trouble|problem|worry
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klaʊd
phonetics_text: klaʊd
example:
the sun had disappeared behind a cloud|the only cloud on the immediate horizon is raising a mortgage|there's a rich, complex, shared data store in the cloud

definition:
a visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the general level of the ground.|used to refer to a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.|networked computing facilities providing remote data storage and processing services via the internet.

origin:
Old English clūd  ‘mass of rock or earth’; probably related to clot. cloud (sense 1 of the noun) dates from Middle English.


word: CLOUDBERRY
russian_word: морошка
origin: late 16th century: apparently from the noun cloud in the obsolete sense ‘hill’ + berry.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklaʊdbɛri
phonetics_text: ˈklaʊdbɛri|ˈklaʊdb(ə)ri
definition:
a dwarf bramble with white flowers and edible orange fruit, which grows on the mountains and moorlands of northern Eurasia and northern North America.


word: CLOUDY
russian_word: облачный
example: a very grey, cloudy day|the pond water is slightly cloudy
antonyms: bright
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklaʊdi
phonetics_text: ˈklaʊdi
definition:
(of the sky or weather) covered with or characterized by clouds.|(of a liquid) not transparent or clear.

synonyms:
overcast|clouded|clouded over|overclouded|dark|darkened|grey|black|leaden|dull|murky|sombre|dismal|dreary|cheerless|heavy|gloomy|dim|louring|sunless|starless|hazy|misty|foggy|threatening|menacing|promising rain|claggy


word: CLOUT
russian_word: лоскут
example: a clout round the ear|I knew she carried a lot of clout
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klaʊt
phonetics_text: klaʊt
definition:
a heavy blow with the hand or a hard object.|influence or power, especially in politics or business.|a piece of cloth or article of clothing.|a target twelve times the usual size, placed flat on the ground with a flag marking its centre and used in long-distance shooting.|short for clout nail.

synonyms:
smack|slap|thump|punch|blow|hit|knock|bang|cuff|box|spanking|spank|tap|clip|whack|wallop|clobbering|sock

origin:
Old English clūt (in the sense ‘a patch or metal plate’); related to Dutch kluit ‘lump, clod’, also to cleat and clot. The shift of sense to ‘heavy blow’, which dates from late Middle English, is difficult to explain; possibly the change occurred first in the verb (from ‘put a patch on’ to ‘hit hard’).


word: CLOVIS
russian_word: Кловис
origin: 1940s: remains were first found near Clovis1 in New Mexico.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkləʊvɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkləʊvɪs
definition:
a Palaeo-Indian culture of Central and North America, dated to about 11,500–11,000 years ago and earlier. The culture is distinguished by heavy leaf-shaped stone spearheads known as Clovis points.


word: CLOWN
russian_word: клоун
example: a circus clown
synonyms: comic entertainer|Pierrot|comedian|jester|fool|zany|harlequin|merry andrew|Punchinello
origin: mid 16th century (in clown (sense 2 of the noun)): perhaps of Low German origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klaʊn
phonetics_text: klaʊn
definition:
a comic entertainer, especially one in a circus, wearing a traditional costume and exaggerated make-up.|an unsophisticated country person; a rustic.


word: CLOY
russian_word: пресыщать
example: a curious bitter-sweetness that cloyed her senses
definition: disgust or sicken (someone) with an excess of sweetness, richness, or sentiment.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: klɔɪ
phonetics_text: klɔɪ
synonyms:
become sickening|become nauseating|pall|become distasteful|become tedious|become tiresome|be excessive|sickly sweet|sugary|syrupy|saccharine|honeyed|oversweet|sickening|nauseating|disgusting|mawkish|maudlin|sentimental|over-sentimental|twee|over the top|OTT|mushy|slushy|sloppy|cutesy|cute|gooey|drippy|treacly|cheesy|corny|icky|sick-making|cornball|sappy

origin:
late Middle English: shortening of obsolete accloy  ‘stop up, choke’, from Old French encloyer ‘drive a nail into’, from medieval Latin inclavare, from clavus ‘a nail’.


word: CLUB
russian_word: клуб
example: I belong to a photographic club|a football club|the club scene
origin: early 17th century (as a verb): formed obscurely from club2.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klʌb
phonetics_text: klʌb
definition:
an association dedicated to a particular interest or activity.|an organization constituted to play matches in a particular sport.|a nightclub playing fashionable dance music.

synonyms:
society|association|organization|institution|group|circle|set|clique|coterie|band|body|ring|crew|troupe|affiliation|alliance|league|union|federation|company|coalition|consortium|combine|guild|lodge|order|fraternity|brotherhood|sorority|fellowship|sodality


word: CLUBROOT
russian_word: киле
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklʌbruːt
phonetics_text: ˈklʌbruːt
definition:
a fungal disease of cabbages, turnips, and related plants, in which the root becomes swollen and distorted by a single large gall or groups of smaller ones.


word: CLUE
russian_word: ключ
example: police officers are still searching for clues|a long-pondered clue in a half-completed crossword
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kluː
phonetics_text: kluː
definition:
a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime.|a word or words giving an indication as to what is to be inserted in a particular space in a crossword.

synonyms:
hint|indication|sign|signal|pointer|guide|suggestion|intimation|trace|indicator|lead|tip|tip-off|piece of evidence|piece of information

origin:
late Middle English: variant of clew. The original sense was ‘a ball of thread’; hence one used to guide a person out of a labyrinth. clue (sense 1 of the noun) dates from the early 17th century.


word: CLUMP
russian_word: глыба
example: a clump of ferns
synonyms: cluster|thicket|group|bunch|collection|assembly|assemblage|tuft|tuffet|tussock|mat|tangle
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: klʌmp
phonetics_text: klʌmp
definition:
a small group of trees or plants growing closely together.|another term for clomp.|a thick extra sole on a boot or shoe.

origin:
Middle English (denoting a heap or lump): partly imitative, reinforced by Middle Low German klumpe and Middle Dutch klompe ; related to club2.


word: CLUMSY
russian_word: неуклюжий
example: the cold made his fingers clumsy
definition: awkward in movement or in handling things.
antonyms: graceful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈklʌmzi
phonetics_text: ˈklʌmzi
synonyms:
awkward|uncoordinated|ungainly|graceless|ungraceful|inelegant|gawky|gauche|gangling|cloddish|blundering|lumbering|bungling|bumbling|fumbling|inept|maladroit|unskilful|inexpert|unhandy|accident-prone|like a bull in a china shop|all fingers and thumbs|cack-handed|ham-fisted|ham-handed|butterfingered|with two left feet|hulking|klutzy

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete clumse  ‘make or be numb’, probably of Scandinavian origin and related to Swedish klumsig .


word: CLUSTER
russian_word: кластер
example: clusters of creamy-white flowers
definition: a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together.
origin: Old English clyster ; probably related to clot.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈklʌstə
phonetics_text: ˈklʌstə
synonyms:
bunch|clump|collection|mass|knot|group|clutch|bundle|nest|agglomeration|conglomeration|aggregate|raceme|panicle|inflorescence|truss|crowd|huddle|gathering|throng|swarm|flock|pack|troupe|party|band|body|assemblage|congregation|gang|gaggle


word: CLUTCH
russian_word: сцепление
example: he stood clutching a microphone
definition: grasp (something) tightly.
part_of_speech: verb|noun|adjective
phonetic: klʌtʃ
phonetics_text: klʌtʃ
synonyms:
grip|grasp|clasp|cling to|hang on to|clench|hold|reach for|snatch at|make a grab for|catch at|claw at|grab|seize|lay (one's) hands on|get one's hands on|grab/seize/take hold of

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘bend, crook’): variant of obsolete clitch ‘close the hand’, from Old English clyccan ‘crook, clench’, of Germanic origin.


word: CLUTTER
russian_word: беспорядок
example: the room was cluttered with his bric-a-brac
definition: cover or fill (something) with an untidy collection of things.
origin: late Middle English: variant of dialect clotter ‘to clot’, influenced by cluster and clatter.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈklʌtə
phonetics_text: ˈklʌtə
synonyms:
litter|make untidy|make a mess of|mess up|throw into disorder|disarrange|jumble|be strewn about|be scattered about|make a shambles of|bestrew


word: CLYSTER
russian_word: клизма
definition: archaic term for enema.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈklɪstə
phonetics_text: ˈklɪstə
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French clystere or Latin clyster, from Greek klustēr ‘syringe’, from kluzein ‘wash out’.


word: COACERVATE
russian_word: коацерват
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəʊˈasəveɪt
phonetics_text: kəʊˈasəveɪt
definition:
a colloid-rich viscous liquid phase which may separate from a colloidal solution on addition of a third component.

origin:
early 20th century: back-formation from coacervation, based on Latin cum ‘(together) with’ + acervus ‘heap’.


word: COACH
russian_word: тренер
example: a coach trip
synonyms: bus|minibus|van|motor coach|omnibus|charabanc|greyhound
part_of_speech: noun|verb|adverb
phonetic: kəʊtʃ
phonetics_text: kəʊtʃ
definition:
a comfortably equipped single-decker bus used for longer journeys.|a railway carriage.|a closed horse-drawn carriage.

origin:
mid 16th century(in coach1 (sense 3 of the noun)): from French coche, from Hungarian kocsi (szekér) ‘(wagon) from Kocs’, a town in Hungary.


word: COAGULASE
russian_word: коагулазный
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəʊˈaɡjʊleɪz
phonetics_text: kəʊˈaɡjʊleɪz|kəʊˈaɡjʊleɪs
definition:
a bacterial enzyme which brings about the coagulation of blood or plasma and is produced by disease-causing forms of staphylococcus.


word: COAGULATE
russian_word: свертываться
example: blood had coagulated round the edges of the gash
definition: (of a fluid, especially blood) change to a solid or semi-solid state.
antonyms: liquefy
synonyms: congeal|clot|cake|solidify|thicken|harden|gel|curdle|stiffen|set|dry|inspissate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəʊˈaɡjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: kəʊˈaɡjʊleɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin coagulat- ‘curdled’, from the verb coagulare, from coagulum ‘rennet’.


word: COALESCE
russian_word: сливаться
example: the puddles had coalesced into shallow streams
definition: come together to form one mass or whole.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌkəʊəˈlɛs
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊəˈlɛs
synonyms:
unite|join together|combine|merge|fuse|mingle|meld|blend|intermingle|knit (together)|amalgamate|consolidate|integrate|affiliate|link up|homogenize|synthesize|converge|commingle|commix

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin coalescere ‘grow together’, from co- (from cum ‘with’) + alescere ‘grow up’ (from alere ‘nourish’).


word: COALITION
russian_word: коалиция
example: a coalition between Liberals and Conservatives
definition: a temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
alliance|union|partnership|affiliation|bloc|caucus|federation|league|association|confederacy|confederation|consortium|syndicate|combine|entente|alignment|amalgamation|merger|conjunction|combination|fusion

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘fusion’): from medieval Latin coalitio(n- ), from the verb coalescere (see coalesce). Usage in politics dates from the late 18th century.


word: COARSE
russian_word: грубый
example: a coarse woollen cloth|a man of coarse speech|coarse anglers
antonyms: soft
synonyms: rough|bristly|scratchy|prickly|hairy|shaggy|wiry
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɔːs
phonetics_text: kɔːs
definition:
rough or harsh in texture.|(of a person or their speech) rude or vulgar.|relating to the sport of angling for coarse fish.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘ordinary or inferior’): origin uncertain; until the 17th century identical in spelling with course, and possibly derived from the latter in the sense ‘ordinary manner’.


word: COARSENESS
russian_word: грубость
example: the coarseness of her hair|he disliked the coarseness of the men around him
definition: the quality of being rough or harsh.|rudeness; vulgarity.
antonyms: softness|sophistication|refinement
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɔːsnəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɔːsnəs
synonyms:
roughness|prickliness|wiriness|bristliness|scratchiness|shagginess|oafishness|loutishness|boorishness|churlishness|uncouthness|rudeness|ill manners|discourteousness|ungentlemanliness|vulgarity|crassness|crudeness|offensiveness|indelicacy|impropriety|indecorousness|unseemliness|tastelessness|lewdness|prurience|bawdiness|earthiness


word: COAST
russian_word: побережье
antonyms: interior
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəʊst
phonetics_text: kəʊst
example:
the west coast of Africa|once the coast to the moon had begun, Apollo was separated from the third stage

definition:
the part of the land adjoining or near the sea.|the easy movement of a vehicle without the use of power.

synonyms:
seaboard|coastal region|coastline|seashore|shore|shoreline|seaside|beach|sand|sands|foreshore|waterside|water's edge|waterfront|littoral|strand

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘side of the body’), from Old French coste (noun), costeier (verb), from Latin costa ‘rib, flank, side’. coast (sense 1 of the noun) arose from the phrase coast of the sea ‘side of the sea’.


word: COASTGUARD
russian_word: береговая охрана
example: the speedy response of the coastguard
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊs(t)ɡɑːd
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊs(t)ɡɑːd
definition:
an organization keeping watch on coastal waters in order to assist people or ships in danger and to prevent smuggling.


word: COAT
russian_word: пальто
example: a winter coat|a dog's coat may become tangled and matted|the protein coat of the virus
synonyms: overcoat|tunic
origin: Middle English: from Old French cote, of unknown ultimate origin.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəʊt
phonetics_text: kəʊt
definition:
an outer garment with sleeves, worn outdoors and typically extending below the hips.|an animal's covering of fur or hair.|an outer layer or covering.


word: COATI
russian_word: коати
origin: early 17th century: from Spanish and Portuguese, from Tupi kua'ti, from cua ‘belt’ + tim ‘nose’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəʊˈɑːti
phonetics_text: kəʊˈɑːti
definition:
a raccoon-like animal found mainly in Central and South America, with a long flexible snout and a ringed tail.


word: COATING
russian_word: покрытие
example: a coating of paint
definition: a thin layer or covering of something.|material used for making coats.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊtɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊtɪŋ
synonyms:
layer|covering|overlay|coat|skim|skin|thickness|plating|film|wash|glaze|varnish|veneer|lamination|sheet|finish|dusting|blanket|mantle|daub|smear|topping|crust|patina|lustre|deposit|scale|facing|cladding


word: COAX
russian_word: задобрить
example: the trainees were coaxed into doing boring work
definition: gently and persistently persuade (someone) to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəʊks
phonetics_text: kəʊks
synonyms:
persuade|wheedle|cajole|talk into something|get round|prevail on|beguile|flatter|seduce|lure|entice|tempt|inveigle|woo|manoeuvre|sweet-talk|soft-soap|butter up|twist someone's arm|blandish

origin:
late 16th century: from obsolete cokes  ‘simpleton’, of unknown origin. The original sense was ‘fondle’, hence ‘persuade by caresses or flattery’, the underlying sense being ‘make a simpleton of’.


word: COBIA
russian_word: кобия
origin: mid 19th century: of unknown origin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊbɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊbɪə
definition:
a large edible game fish that lives in open waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and West Pacific oceans.


word: COCAINE
russian_word: кокаин
synonyms: coke|crack (cocaine)|blow|freebase|rock|snow|sugar|charlie|gak|basuco|nose candy
origin: mid 19th century: from coca + -ine4.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kə(ʊ)ˈkeɪn
phonetics_text: kə(ʊ)ˈkeɪn
definition:
an addictive drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as an illegal stimulant and sometimes medicinally as a local anaesthetic.


word: COCCIDIA
russian_word: кокцидии
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒkˈsɪdɪə
phonetics_text: kɒkˈsɪdɪə
definition:
parasitic protozoa of a group that includes those that cause diseases such as coccidiosis and toxoplasmosis.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin (former order name), from Greek kokkis, diminutive of kokkos ‘berry’.


word: COCCOLITH
russian_word: кокколитовые
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek kokkos ‘grain or berry’ + lithos ‘stone’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒkəlɪθ
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkəlɪθ
definition:
a minute rounded calcareous platelet, numbers of which form the spherical shells of coccolithophores.


word: COCCUS
russian_word: кокк
definition: any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒkəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkəs
origin:
mid 18th century (denoting a scale insect): modern Latin, from Greek kokkos ‘berry’. Compare with cochineal.


word: COCHINEAL
russian_word: кошениль
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒtʃɪˈniːl
phonetics_text: ˌkɒtʃɪˈniːl|ˈkɒtʃɪniːl
definition:
a scarlet dye used for colouring food, made from the crushed dried bodies of a female scale insect.|the scale insect that is used for cochineal, native to Mexico and formerly cultivated on cacti.

origin:
late 16th century: from French cochenille or Spanish cochinilla, from Latin coccinus ‘scarlet’, from Greek kokkos ‘berry’ (the insect bodies were mistaken for grains or berries). Compare with coccus, kermes.


word: COCHLEA
russian_word: улитка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒklɪə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒklɪə
definition:
the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.

origin:
mid 16th century (used to denote spiral objects): from Latin, ‘snail shell or screw’, from Greek kokhlias . The current sense dates from the late 17th century.


word: COCK
russian_word: петух
example: that's all a lot of cock
synonyms: rooster|cockerel|male fowl|capon|chanticleer
origin: Old English cocc, from medieval Latin coccus ; reinforced in Middle English by Old French coq .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɒk
phonetics_text: kɒk
definition:
a male bird, especially of a domestic fowl.|a man's penis.|nonsense.|a firing lever in a gun which can be raised to be released by the trigger.|a stopcock.


word: COCKADE
russian_word: кокарда
example: the cap bore the traditional cockade in silver, blue, and red
definition: a rosette or knot of ribbons worn in a hat as a badge of office, or as part of a livery.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒˈkeɪd
phonetics_text: kɒˈkeɪd
origin:
mid 17th century: from French cocarde, originally in bonnet à la coquarde, from the feminine of obsolete coquard ‘saucy’.


word: COCK-A-HOOP
russian_word: торжествующий
example: the team is cock-a-hoop at winning its first game of the season
definition: extremely and obviously pleased, especially about an achievement.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic:
mid 17th century: from the phrase set cock a hoop, of unknown origin, apparently denoting the action of turning on the tap and allowing liquor to flow (prior to a drinking session).


word: COCKATIEL
russian_word: попугая
origin: late 19th century: from Dutch kaketielje, probably a diminutive of kaketoe ‘cockatoo’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒkəˈtiːl
phonetics_text: ˌkɒkəˈtiːl
definition:
a slender long-crested Australian parrot related to the cockatoos, with a mainly grey body, white shoulders, and a yellow and orange face.


word: COCKATOO
russian_word: какаду
example: he is alleged to act as cockatoo during these meetings
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒkəˈtuː
phonetics_text: kɒkəˈtuː
definition:
a parrot with an erectile crest, found in Australia, eastern Indonesia, and neighbouring islands.|a small-scale farmer.|a lookout posted by those engaged in illegal activity.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Dutch kaketoe, from Malay kakatua, the spelling influenced by cock1. cockatoo (sense 2 of the noun, sense 3 of the noun) date from the 19th century.


word: COCKATRICE
russian_word: василиск
definition: another term for basilisk (sense 1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒkətrʌɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkətrʌɪs|ˈkɒkətrɪs
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French cocatris, from Latin calcatrix ‘tracker’ (from calcare ‘to tread or track’), translating Greek ikhneumōn (see ichneumon).


word: COCKBOAT
russian_word: судовая шлюпка
definition: a small boat towed behind a larger vessel.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒkbəʊt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkbəʊt
origin:
late Middle English: from obsolete cock  ‘small boat’ (from Old French coque, based on Latin caudex, codex ‘block of wood’) + boat.


word: COCKCHAFER
russian_word: майский жук
origin: early 18th century: from cock1 (expressing size or vigour) + chafer.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒkˌtʃeɪfə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkˌtʃeɪfə
definition:
a large brown European beetle which flies at dusk and is a destructive plant pest, both as an adult and a larva.


word: COCKLEBUR
russian_word: дурнишник
origin: mid 19th century: from cockle2 + burr.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒk(ə)lbəː
phonetics_text: ˈkɒk(ə)lbəː
definition:
a herbaceous plant of the daisy family with broad leaves and burred fruits, native to tropical America.


word: COCKNEY
russian_word: кокни
example: Charlie was a cockney by birth, but he'd spent a lot of time abroad
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒkni
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkni
definition:
a native of East London, traditionally one born within hearing of Bow Bells.|a young snapper fish ( Chrysophrys auratus ).

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a pampered child): origin uncertain; it is apparently not the same word as Middle English cokeney ‘cock's egg’, denoting a small misshapen egg (probably from cock1 + obsolete ey ‘egg’). A later sense was ‘a town-dweller regarded as affected or puny’, from which the current sense arose in the early 17th century.


word: COCKSPUR
russian_word: Кокспер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒkspəː
phonetics_text: ˈkɒkspəː
definition:
the spur on the leg of a cock.|a European plant of the daisy family with yellow thistle-like flower heads that has become naturalized in Australia.


word: COCKSURE
russian_word: самоуверенный
example: the cocksure golf prodigy from California
definition: confident in an excessive or arrogant way.
antonyms: modest|diffident
origin: early 16th century: from archaic cock (a euphemism for God ) + sure; later associated with cock1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒkˈʃɔː
phonetics_text: kɒkˈʃɔː|kɒkˈʃʊə
synonyms:
arrogant|conceited|overconfident|overweening|cocky|smug|haughty|supercilious|disdainful|lofty|patronizing|proud|vain|vainglorious|self-important|swollen-headed|egotistical|presumptuous|lordly|pompous|blustering|boastful|brash|self-assertive|opinionated|bold|forward|insolent|high and mighty|throwing one's weight about|throwing one's weight around|uppish|hubristic


word: COCKY
russian_word: дерзкий
example: we were young, brash, cocky—we knew everything
definition: conceited or confident in a bold or cheeky way.
antonyms: modest|diffident
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense ‘lecherous’): from cock1 + -y1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒki
phonetics_text: ˈkɒki
synonyms:
arrogant|conceited|overconfident|overweening|cocksure|smug|haughty|supercilious|disdainful|lofty|patronizing|proud|vain|vainglorious|self-important|swollen-headed|egotistical|presumptuous|lordly|pompous|blustering|boastful|brash|self-assertive|opinionated|bold|forward|insolent|high and mighty|throwing one's weight about|throwing one's weight around|uppish|hubristic


word: COCO
russian_word: кокос
example: a coco palm
definition: coconut.|the root of the taro.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊkəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊkəʊ
origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting the nut): from Spanish and Portuguese, literally ‘grinning face’ (because of the appearance of the base of the coconut).


word: COCOON
russian_word: кокон
example: the moth emerged from its pale yellow papery cocoon
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəˈkuːn
phonetics_text: kəˈkuːn
definition:
a silky case spun by the larvae of many insects for protection as pupae.|a covering that prevents the corrosion of metal equipment.

origin:
late 17th century: from French cocon, from medieval Provençal coucoun ‘eggshell, cocoon’, diminutive of coca ‘shell’. The verb dates from the mid 19th century.


word: COD
russian_word: треска
definition: a large marine fish with a small barbel on the chin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒd
phonetics_text: kɒd
origin:
Middle English: of unknown origin; one suggestion is that the word is the same as Old English cod(d)  ‘bag’, because of the fish's appearance.


word: CODDLE
russian_word: баловать
example: I was coddled and cosseted|you may have your eggs scrambled, poached, coddled, or boiled
definition: treat (someone) in an indulgent or overprotective way.|cook (an egg) in water below boiling point.
antonyms: neglect|treat harshly|be strict with
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒd(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɒd(ə)l
synonyms:
pamper|cosset|mollycoddle|wait on someone hand and foot|cater to someone's every whim|spoil|indulge|overindulge|humour|pander to|spoon-feed|overparent|pet|baby|mother|nanny|wrap in cotton wool|feather-bed|cocker

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘boil (fruit) gently’): origin uncertain; coddle (sense 1) is probably a dialect variant of obsolete caudle ‘administer invalids' gruel’, based on Latin caldum ‘hot drink’, from calidus ‘warm’.


word: CODE
russian_word: код
example: the Americans cracked their diplomatic code|assembly code|a revision of the penal code
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəʊd
phonetics_text: kəʊd
definition:
a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy.|program instructions.|a systematic collection of laws or statutes.

synonyms:
cipher|secret language|secret writing|set of symbols|key|hieroglyphics|coded message|cryptogram|cryptograph

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin codex, codic- (see codex). The term originally denoted a systematic collection of statutes made by Justinian or another of the later Roman emperors; compare with code (sense 3 of the noun) (mid 18th century), the earliest modern sense.


word: CODEC
russian_word: кодер-декодер
origin: 1960s: blend of coder (see code) and decoder (see decode).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊdɛk
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊdɛk
definition:
a device or program that compresses data to enable faster transmission and decompresses received data.


word: CODIFY
russian_word: кодифицировать
example: the statutes have codified certain branches of common law
definition: arrange (laws or rules) into a systematic code.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkəʊdɪfʌɪ
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊdɪfʌɪ
synonyms:
systematize|systemize|organize|arrange|order|marshal|set out|chart|structure|tabulate|catalogue|list|sort|dispose|index|classify|class|categorize|compile|group|range|file|log|grade|rate|assort


word: CODON
russian_word: кодон
origin: 1960s: from code + -on.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊdɒn
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊdɒn
definition:
a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.


word: CODPIECE
russian_word: гульфик
origin: from earlier cod ‘scrotum’ (from Old English codd ‘bag, pod’) + piece.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒdpiːs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒdpiːs
definition:
a pouch attached to a man's breeches or close-fitting hose to cover the genitals, worn in the 15th and 16th centuries.


word: CODSWALLOP
russian_word: бред собачий
example: I think that's a right load of old codswallop
definition: nonsense.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒdzwɒləp
phonetics_text: ˈkɒdzwɒləp
origin:
1960s: perhaps named after Hiram Codd, who invented a bottle for fizzy drinks (1875); the derivation remains unconfirmed.


word: COELACANTH
russian_word: латимерия
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈsiːləkanθ
phonetics_text: ˈsiːləkanθ
definition:
a large bony marine fish with a three-lobed tail fin and fleshy pectoral fins. It was known only from fossils until one was found alive in 1938; since then others have been found near the Comoro Islands in the Indian Ocean and off Sulawesi, Indonesia.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Coelacanthus (genus name), from Greek koilos ‘hollow’ + akantha ‘spine’ (its fins have hollow spines).


word: COERCE
russian_word: принуждать
example: he was coerced into giving evidence
definition: persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats.
antonyms: persuade
origin: late Middle English: from Latin coercere ‘restrain’, from co- ‘together’ + arcere ‘restrain’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəʊˈəːs
phonetics_text: kəʊˈəːs
synonyms:
pressure|pressurize|bring pressure to bear on|use pressure on|put pressure on|constrain|lean on|press|push|force|compel|oblige|put under an obligation|browbeat|brainwash|bludgeon|bully|threaten|prevail on|work on|act on|influence|intimidate|dragoon|twist someone's arm|strong-arm|blackjack|bulldoze|railroad|squeeze|put the screws/squeeze on|bounce|hustle|fast-talk


word: COERCION
russian_word: принуждение
example: our problem cannot be solved by any form of coercion but only by agreement
definition: the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
antonyms: persuasion
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəʊˈəːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəʊˈəːʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
force|compulsion|constraint|duress|oppression|enforcement|harassment|intimidation|threats|insistence|demand|arm-twisting|pressure|pressurization|influence


word: COERCIVITY
russian_word: коэрцитивность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkəʊəˈsɪvɪti
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊəˈsɪvɪti
definition:
the resistance of a magnetic material to changes in magnetization, equivalent to the field intensity necessary to demagnetize the fully magnetized material.


word: COFACTOR
russian_word: кофактор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊfaktə
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊfaktə
definition:
a contributory cause of a disease.|a substance (other than the substrate) whose presence is essential for the activity of an enzyme.|the quantity obtained from a determinant or a square matrix by removal of the row and column containing a specified element.


word: COFFEE
russian_word: кофе
example: a cup of coffee
synonyms: joe|java
origin: late 16th century: from Turkish kahveh, from Arabic qahwa, probably via Dutch koffie .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒfi
phonetics_text: ˈkɒfi
definition:
a hot drink made from the roasted and ground seeds (coffee beans) of a tropical shrub.|the shrub which yields coffee seeds, native to the Old World tropics.


word: COFFER
russian_word: ящик
example: a battered leather coffer sealed with a waxen crest
definition: a strongbox or small chest for holding valuables.|a decorative sunken panel in a ceiling.
origin: Middle English: from Old French coffre ‘chest’, via Latin from Greek kophinos ‘basket’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒfə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒfə
synonyms:
strongbox|money box|cash box|money chest|treasure chest|casket|trunk|box|safe|safety-deposit box|safe-deposit box|repository


word: COFFERDAM
russian_word: перемычка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒfədam
phonetics_text: ˈkɒfədam
definition:
a watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit construction work below the waterline, as when building bridges or repairing a ship.


word: COFFIN
russian_word: гроб
example: they lowered her coffin into the ground
definition: a long, narrow box, typically of wood, in which a dead body is buried or cremated.
synonyms: box|sarcophagus|casket|wooden overcoat|cist
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒfɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkɒfɪn
origin:
Middle English (in the general sense ‘box, casket’): from Old French cofin ‘little basket or case’, from Latin cophinus (see coffer).


word: COGENCY
russian_word: убедительность
example: the cogency of this argument
definition: the quality of being clear, logical, and convincing; lucidity.
antonyms: weakness|illogicality|vagueness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nsi
synonyms:
strength|force|power|potency|weight|plausibility|effectiveness|efficacy|soundness|validity|foundation|impressiveness|eloquence|persuasiveness|credibility|influence|conclusiveness|unanswerability|authoritativeness|authority|logic|logicality|reasonableness|rationality|lucidity|coherence|good organization|orderliness|methodicalness|clarity|articulateness|consistency|relevance


word: COGENERATION
russian_word: когенерация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkəʊdʒɛnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊdʒɛnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the generation of electricity and useful heat jointly, especially the utilization of the steam left over from electricity generation for heating.


word: COGENT
russian_word: убедительный
example: they put forward cogent arguments for British membership
definition: (of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.
antonyms: vague|unconvincing|muddled
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt
synonyms:
convincing|compelling|strong|forceful|powerful|potent|weighty|valid|sound|well founded|plausible|effective|efficacious|telling|impressive|persuasive|irresistible|eloquent|credible|influential|conclusive|unanswerable|authoritative|logical|reasoned|well reasoned|rational|reasonable|lucid|coherent|well organized|systematic|orderly|methodical|clear|articulate|consistent|relevant

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin cogent- ‘compelling’, from the verb cogere, from co- ‘together’ + agere ‘drive’.


word: COGITATE
russian_word: размышлять
example: he stroked his beard and retired to cogitate
definition: think deeply about something; meditate or reflect.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt
synonyms:
think (about)|contemplate|consider|give thought to|give consideration to|mull over|meditate (on)|muse (on)|ponder (on/over)|reflect (on)|deliberate (about/on)|ruminate (about/on/over)|dwell on|brood (on/over)|agonize (over)|worry (about)|chew over|puzzle (over)|speculate about|weigh up|revolve|turn over in one's mind|review|study|be in a brown study|put on one's thinking cap|pore on|cerebrate

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin cogitat- ‘considered’, from the verb cogitare, from co- ‘together’ + agitare ‘turn over, consider’.


word: COGITATION
russian_word: размышление
example: Sorry, did I interrupt your cogitation?
definition: the action of thinking deeply about something; contemplation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒdʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒdʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
thought|thinking|contemplation|consideration|mulling over|meditation|study|deliberation|pondering|reflection|rumination|musing|speculation|brooding|agonizing|worrying|puzzling|cerebration


word: COGNATE
russian_word: родственный
example: the term is obviously cognate with the Malay segan|cognate subjects such as physics and chemistry
antonyms: unconnected|dissimilar
origin: early 17th century: from Latin cognatus, from co- ‘together with’ + natus ‘born’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒɡneɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒɡneɪt
definition:
(of a word) having the same linguistic derivation as another (e.g. English father, German Vater, Latin pater ).|related; connected.

synonyms:
associated|related|connected|allied|interconnected|linked|coupled|correlated|similar|like|alike|comparable|parallel|equivalent|corresponding|analogous|homologous


word: COGNITION
russian_word: познание
origin: late Middle English: from Latin cognitio(- ), from cognoscere ‘get to know’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

synonyms:
perception|discernment|awareness|apprehension|learning|understanding|comprehension|enlightenment|insight|intelligence|reason|reasoning|thinking|(conscious) thought


word: COGNIZANCE
russian_word: знание
example: the Renaissance cognizance of Greece was limited
definition: knowledge or awareness.|a distinctive emblem or badge formerly worn by retainers of a noble house.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)ns
synonyms:
awareness|notice|knowledge|consciousness|apprehension|perception|realization|recognition|appreciation

origin:
Middle English conisance, from Old French conoisance, based on Latin cognoscere ‘get to know’. The spelling with g, influenced by Latin, arose in the 15th century and gradually affected the pronunciation.


word: COGNIZANT
russian_word: познавший
example: statesmen must be cognizant of the political boundaries within which they work
definition: having knowledge or awareness.
origin: early 19th century: probably directly from cognizance.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)nt
synonyms:
aware|conscious|apprised|abreast|sensible of/to|alive to|sensitive to|alert to|familiar with|acquainted with|in the know about|au fait with|conversant with|au courant with|up to date (with)|up with|well versed in|knowledgeable about|well informed about|no stranger to|well up on|genned up on|clued in on|wise to|hip to|ware of


word: COHERE
russian_word: сплотиться
definition: form a unified whole.|(of an argument or theory) be logically consistent.
antonyms: fall apart
synonyms: stick together|hold together|be united|bind|cling|fuse|form a whole
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin cohaerere, from co- ‘together’ + haerere ‘to stick’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kə(ʊ)ˈhɪə
phonetics_text: kə(ʊ)ˈhɪə
example:
he made the series of fictions cohere into a convincing sequence|this view does not cohere with their other beliefs


word: COHERENCE
russian_word: согласованность
definition: the quality of being logical and consistent.|the quality of forming a unified whole.
antonyms: incoherence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kə(ʊ)ˈhɪər(ə)ns
phonetics_text: kə(ʊ)ˈhɪər(ə)ns|kə(ʊ)ˈhɪərəns
example:
this raises further questions on the coherence of state policy|the group began to lose coherence and the artists took separate directions

synonyms:
consistency|logicality|good sense|soundness|organization|orderliness|unity|clarity|articulacy|intelligibility|comprehensibility


word: COHERENT
russian_word: когерентный
antonyms: incoherent|muddled
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kə(ʊ)ˈhɪər(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kə(ʊ)ˈhɪər(ə)nt
example:
they failed to develop a coherent economic strategy|the arts could be systematized into one coherent body of knowledge

definition:
(of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent.|forming a unified whole.|(of waves) having a constant phase relationship.

synonyms:
logical|reasoned|reasonable|well reasoned|rational|sound|cogent|consistent|well organized|systematic|orderly|methodical|clear|lucid|articulate|relevant|intelligible|comprehensible|joined-up

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘logically related to’): from Latin cohaerent- ‘sticking together’, from the verb cohaerere (see cohere).


word: COHERENTLY
russian_word: связно
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: kəʊˈhɪərəntli
phonetics_text: kəʊˈhɪərəntli
example:
you argue your point coherently|communities preferred coherently organized or curated online collections

definition:
(with reference to an argument, theory, or policy) in a logical and consistent way.|in a way that forms a unified whole.


word: COHERER
russian_word: когерер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kə(ʊ)ˈhiːrə
phonetics_text: kə(ʊ)ˈhiːrə
definition:
an early form of radio detector consisting of a glass tube loosely filled with metal filings whose bulk electrical resistance decreased in the presence of radio waves.


word: COHESION
russian_word: сплоченность
example: the work at present lacks cohesion
definition: the action or fact of forming a united whole.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kə(ʊ)ˈhiːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kə(ʊ)ˈhiːʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
unity|togetherness|solidarity|bond|sticking together|continuity|coherence|connection|linkage|interrelatedness

origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin cohaes- ‘cleaved together’, from the verb cohaerere (see cohere), on the pattern of adhesion .


word: COHORT
russian_word: когорта
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊhɔːt
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊhɔːt
example:
a cohort of civil servants patiently drafting legislation|young Jack arrived with three of his cohorts

definition:
a group of people with a shared characteristic.|a supporter or companion.|an ancient Roman military unit, comprising six centuries, equal to one tenth of a legion.

synonyms:
unit|outfit|force|army|group|corps|division|brigade|battalion|regiment|squadron|company|commando|battery|troop|section|patrol|cadre|crew|detachment|contingent|column|squad|detail|band|legion

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French cohorte, or from Latin cohors, cohort- ‘yard, retinue’. Compare with court.


word: COIL
russian_word: катушка
example: a coil of rope
definition: a length of something wound in a joined sequence of concentric rings.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɔɪl
phonetics_text: kɔɪl
origin:
early 16th century (as a verb): from Old French coillir, from Latin colligere ‘gather together’ (see collect1).


word: COIN
russian_word: монета
example: she opened her purse and took out a coin
definition: a flat disc or piece of metal with an official stamp, used as money.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kɔɪn
phonetics_text: kɔɪn
synonyms:
piece|bit|coins|coinage|coin of the realm|(loose) change|small change|silver|copper|coppers|gold|specie

origin:
Middle English: from Old French coin ‘wedge, corner, die’, coigner ‘to mint’, from Latin cuneus ‘wedge’. The original sense was ‘cornerstone’, later ‘angle or wedge’ (senses now spelled quoin); in late Middle English the term denoted a die for stamping money, or a piece of money produced by such a die.


word: COINCIDE
russian_word: совпадать
definition: occur at the same time.|correspond in nature; tally.
antonyms: differ
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌkəʊɪnˈsʌɪd
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊɪnˈsʌɪd
example:
publication is timed to coincide with a major exhibition|the interests of employers and employees do not always coincide

synonyms:
occur simultaneously|happen together|happen at the same time|be concurrent|coexist|concur|clash|conflict

origin:
early 18th century (in the sense ‘occupy the same space’): from medieval Latin coincidere, from co- ‘together with’ + incidere ‘fall upon or into’.


word: COINCIDENCE
russian_word: совпадение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)ns
example:
it was a coincidence that she was wearing a jersey like Laura's|the coincidence of interest between the mining companies and certain politicians

definition:
a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection.|the fact of corresponding in nature or in time of occurrence.|the presence of ionizing particles or other objects in two or more detectors simultaneously, or of two or more signals simultaneously in a circuit.

synonyms:
accident|chance|serendipity|fate|a twist of fate|destiny|fortuity|fortune|providence|freak|hazard|a piece of good fortune|(a bit of) luck|(a bit of) good luck|a fluke|a happy chance|happenstance

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘occupation of the same space’): from medieval Latin coincidentia, from coincidere ‘coincide, agree’ (see coincide).


word: COINCIDENT
russian_word: совпадающий
definition: occurring together in space or time.|in agreement or harmony.
antonyms: incompatible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)nt
example:
the fall in the stock market was coincident with the slowdown in economic activity|the stake of defence attorneys is not always coincident with that of their clients

synonyms:
concurrent|coinciding|simultaneous|contemporaneous|concomitant|synchronous|coincidental|coexistent|at the same time (as)

origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin coincident- ‘coinciding’, from the verb coincidere (see coincide).


word: COINCIDENTAL
russian_word: случайный
definition: resulting from a coincidence; happening by chance.|happening or existing at the same time.
antonyms: intentional|planned
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəʊɪnsɪˈdɛnt(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəʊɪnsɪˈdɛnt(ə)l
example:
any resemblance between their reports is purely coincidental|it's convenient that his plan is coincidental with the group's closure

synonyms:
accidental|chance|occurring by chance/accident|fortuitous|adventitious|fluky|casual|serendipitous|random|aleatory|unexpected|unforeseen|unanticipated|unforeseeable|unlooked-for|unintentional|unintended|inadvertent|involuntary|unplanned|unpremeditated|unthinking|unmeant


word: COKE
russian_word: кокс
example: certain operators were coking this coal on a small scale
definition: convert (coal) into coke.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəʊk
phonetics_text: kəʊk
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘charcoal’): of unknown origin. The current sense dates from the mid 17th century.


word: COL
russian_word: седло
origin: mid 19th century: from French, literally ‘neck’, from Latin collum .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒl
phonetics_text: kɒl
definition:
the lowest point of a ridge or saddle between two peaks, typically providing a pass from one side of a mountain range to another.|a region of slightly elevated pressure between two anticyclones.


word: COLCANNON
russian_word: ирландское блюдо
definition: an Irish and Scottish dish of cabbage and potatoes boiled and mashed together.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒlˈkanən
phonetics_text: kɒlˈkanən
origin:
late 18th century: from cole; the origin of the second element is uncertain but it is said that cannonballs were used to mash such vegetables as spinach.


word: COLCHICUM
russian_word: безвременник
definition: a plant of a genus that includes the autumn crocuses.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒltʃɪkəm
phonetics_text: ˈkɒltʃɪkəm|ˈkɒlkɒltʃɪkəm
origin:
from Latin, from Greek kolkhikon ‘of Colchis’ (), alluding to the skills as a poisoner of the sorceress Medea of Colchis in classical mythology.


word: COLD
russian_word: холодный
antonyms: hot
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|adverb
phonetic: kəʊld
phonetics_text: kəʊld
example:
a freezing cold day|how cold and calculating he was|the trail went cold|they went into the test cold

definition:
of or at a low or relatively low temperature, especially when compared with the human body.|lacking affection or warmth of feeling; unemotional.|(of the scent or trail of a hunted person or animal) no longer fresh and easy to follow.|without preparation or rehearsal.

synonyms:
chilly|cool|freezing|icy|snowy|icy-cold|glacial|wintry|crisp|frosty|frigid|bitter|bitterly cold|biting|piercing|numbing|sharp|raw|polar|arctic|Siberian|nippy|brass monkeys|parky|Baltic|chill|hyperborean|boreal|hibernal|hiemal|gelid|brumal

origin:
Old English cald, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch koud and German kalt, also to Latin gelu ‘frost’.


word: COLD-BLOODED
russian_word: зябкий
example: a cold-blooded murder
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkəʊldˈblʌdɪd
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊldˈblʌdɪd
definition:
denoting animals whose body temperature varies with that of the environment (e.g. fish); poikilothermic.|without emotion or pity; deliberately cruel or callous.

synonyms:
cruel|savage|brutal|callous|barbaric|barbarous|sadistic|inhuman|pitiless|merciless|ruthless|unforgiving|unpitying|inhumane|unfeeling|uncaring|heartless|hard|severe|harsh|austere|cold|cold-hearted|unsympathetic|unemotional|unfriendly|uncharitable|hard-hearted|stony-hearted|with a heart of stone|hard-boiled|hard-nosed|thick-skinned


word: COLD-HEARTED
russian_word: бессердечный
example: a cold-hearted thief stole a bag full of Christmas presents
definition: lacking affection or warmth; unfeeling.
antonyms: warm-hearted
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəʊldˈhɑːtɪd
phonetics_text: kəʊldˈhɑːtɪd
synonyms:
unfeeling|unloving|uncaring|unsympathetic|unemotional|unfriendly|uncharitable|unkind|insensitive|indifferent|detached|hard-hearted|stony-hearted|with a heart of stone|heartless|hard|harsh|austere|cold


word: COLEMANITE
russian_word: колеманит
origin: named after William T. Coleman (1824–93) + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊlmənʌɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊlmənʌɪt
definition:
a white crystalline mineral, typically occurring as glassy prisms, consisting of hydrated calcium borate.


word: COLEOPTERA
russian_word: жесткокрылых
origin: modern Latin (plural), from Greek koleopteros, from koleos ‘sheath’ + pteron ‘wing’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒlɪˈɒpt(ə)rə
phonetics_text: ˌkɒlɪˈɒpt(ə)rə
definition:
an order of insects that comprises the beetles (including weevils), forming the largest order of animals on the earth.


word: COLEUS
russian_word: колеус
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊlɪəs
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊlɪəs
definition:
a tropical SE Asian plant of the mint family that has brightly coloured variegated leaves and is popular as a houseplant.

origin:
modern Latin, from Greek koleos ‘sheath’ (because of the way the stamens are joined together, resembling a sheath).


word: COLINEARITY
russian_word: колинеарности
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkəʊlɪnɪˈarɪti
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊlɪnɪˈarɪti
definition:
the relationship between the linear sequence of nucleic acid bases in the DNA of the gene and the sequence of amino acids in the protein encoded by the DNA.


word: COLLABORATE
russian_word: сотрудничать
definition: work jointly on an activity or project.|cooperate traitorously with an enemy.
antonyms: resist
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈlabəreɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈlabəreɪt
example:
he collaborated with him on numerous hotel projects|during the last war they collaborated with the Nazis

synonyms:
cooperate|join (up)|join forces|team up|get together|come together|band together|work together|work jointly|participate|unite|combine|merge|link|ally|associate|amalgamate|integrate|form an alliance|pool resources|club together

origin:
late 19th century: from Latin collaborat- ‘worked with’, from the verb collaborare, from col- ‘together’ + laborare ‘to work’.


word: COLLABORATION
russian_word: сотрудничество
example: he wrote a book in collaboration with his son|he faces charges of collaboration
definition: the action of working with someone to produce something.|traitorous cooperation with an enemy.
antonyms: resistance
origin: mid 19th century: from Latin collaboratio(n- ), from collaborare ‘work together’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəlabəˈreɪʃn
phonetics_text: kəlabəˈreɪʃn
synonyms:
cooperation|alliance|partnership|participation|combination|association|concert|teamwork|joint effort|working together|coopetition


word: COLLABORATOR
russian_word: сотрудник
example: his collaborator on the book|he was a collaborator during the occupation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlabəreɪtə
phonetics_text: kəˈlabəreɪtə
definition:
a person who works jointly on an activity or project; an associate.|a person who cooperates traitorously with an enemy; a defector.

synonyms:
co-worker|fellow worker|associate|colleague|partner|co-partner|confederate|ally|teammate|assistant|helper|oppo|quisling|fraternizer|collaborationist|colluder|(enemy) sympathizer|conspirator|traitor|fifth columnist|renegade|betrayer|turncoat|defector|informer|double agent


word: COLLAGEN
russian_word: коллаген
example: vitamin C plays a vital role in the formation of collagen
origin: mid 19th century: from French collagène, from Greek kolla ‘glue’ + French -gène (see -gen).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlədʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlədʒ(ə)n
definition:
the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form for cosmetic surgical treatments.


word: COLLAPSAR
russian_word: коллапсар
origin: 1970s: from collapse, on the pattern of words such as pulsar .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlapsɑː
phonetics_text: kəˈlapsɑː
definition:
an old star that has collapsed under its own gravity to form a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole.


word: COLLAPSE
russian_word: коллапс
antonyms: hold up
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kəˈlaps
phonetics_text: kəˈlaps
example:
the roof collapsed on top of me|he collapsed from loss of blood|the talks collapsed last week over territorial issues|some cots collapse down to fit into a holdall

definition:
(of a structure) suddenly fall down or give way.|(of a person) fall down and become unconscious as a result of illness or injury.|fail suddenly and completely.|fold or be foldable into a small space.

synonyms:
cave in|fall in|subside|fall down|sag|slump|settle|give|give way|crumble|crumple|disintegrate|fall to pieces|come apart

origin:
early 17th century (as collapsed ): from medical Latin collapsus, past participle of collabi, from col- ‘together’ + labi ‘to slip’.


word: COLLAR
russian_word: воротник
example: a shirt collar
synonyms: neckband|choker|ruff|gorget|bertha|Vandyke|rebato
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒlə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlə
definition:
the part around the neck of a shirt, blouse, jacket or coat, either upright or turned over.|a connecting band or pipe in machinery.|a piece of meat rolled up and tied.|the part of a plant where the stem joins the roots.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French colier, from Latin collare ‘band for the neck, collar’, from collum ‘neck’.


word: COLLATE
russian_word: сопоставлять
example: all the information obtained is being collated
definition: collect and combine (texts, information, or data).|appoint (a member of the clergy) to a benefice.
antonyms: separate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈleɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈleɪt
synonyms:
collect|gather|accumulate|assemble|combine|aggregate|put together|arrange|organize|order|put in order|sort|categorize|systematize|structure

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘confer a benefice upon’): from Latin collat- ‘brought together’, from the verb conferre (see confer).


word: COLLATERAL
russian_word: обеспечение
example: she put her house up as collateral for the bank loan
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: kəˈlat(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈlat(ə)r(ə)l
definition:
something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.|a person having the same ancestor as another but through a different line.

synonyms:
security|surety|guarantee|guaranty|pledge|bond|insurance|indemnity|indemnification|pawn|backing|bail|hostage|assurance|gage|earnest

origin:
late Middle English (as an adjective): from medieval Latin collateralis, from col- ‘together with’ + lateralis (from latus, later- ‘side’). collateral (sense 1 of the noun) (originally US) is from the phrase collateral security, denoting something pledged in addition to the main obligation of a contract.


word: COLLEAGUE
russian_word: коллега
definition: a person with whom one works in a profession or business.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒliːɡ
phonetics_text: ˈkɒliːɡ
synonyms:
fellow worker|workmate|teammate|co-worker|associate|partner|co-partner|collaborator|ally|comrade|companion|confederate|confrère|oppo|offsider|compeer|consociate

origin:
early 16th century: from French collègue, from Latin collega ‘partner in office’, from col- ‘together with’ + legare ‘depute’.


word: COLLECT
russian_word: собирать
antonyms: distribute|squander
part_of_speech: verb|adjective|adverb|noun
phonetic: kəˈlɛkt
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛkt
example:
he went round the office collecting old coffee cups|the children were collected from school|he paused for a moment to take a breath, to collect himself|by all best conjectures, I collect Thou art to be my fatal enemy|a rider should want to be able to collect a horse when hacking|he lost control of the truck and collected two cats

definition:
bring or gather together (a number of things).|call for and take away; fetch.|regain control of oneself, typically after a shock.|conclude; infer.|cause (a horse) to bring its hind legs further forward as it moves.|collide with.

synonyms:
gather|accumulate|assemble|amass|stockpile|pile up|heap up|rack up|run up|scrape together|store (up)|hoard|save|cumulate|lay in/up|garner|mass|increase|multiply|accrue|snowball|tot up|stash (away)

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French collecter or medieval Latin collectare, from Latin collect- ‘gathered together’, from the verb colligere, from col- ‘together’ + legere ‘choose or collect’.


word: COLLECTED
russian_word: собранный
antonyms: excited|hysterical
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈlɛktɪd
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛktɪd
example:
outwardly they are cool, calm, and collected|the collected works of Shakespeare|many top riders that instinctively ride a horse collected cannot explain the theory

definition:
(of a person) calm and self-controlled.|(of individual works) brought together in one volume or edition.|(of a horse) moving with a shortened stride and with its hind legs correctly placed to achieve balance and impulsion.

synonyms:
calm|cool|and collected|as cool as a cucumber|cool-headed|self-possessed|composed|controlled|self-controlled|poised|serene|tranquil|relaxed|unruffled|unperturbed|unflustered|undisturbed|unagitated|unmoved|unbothered|untroubled|equable|even-tempered|imperturbable|placid|quiet|sedate|unexcitable|impassive|dispassionate|unemotional|phlegmatic|stolid|unflappable|unfazed|together|laid-back|nonplussed|equanimous


word: COLLECTION
russian_word: коллекция
example: the collection of data|a rambling collection of houses
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or process of collecting someone or something.|a group of things or people.|college examinations held at the beginning or end of a term, especially at Oxford University.

synonyms:
group|crowd|body|company|troupe|assembly|assemblage|gathering|throng|knot|cluster|huddle|multitude|bevy|party|number|band|horde|pack|drove|flock|swarm|stream|mob|gang|load|crew|gaggle

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin collectio(n- ), from colligere ‘gather together’ (see collect1).


word: COLLECTIVE
russian_word: коллектив
example: a collective protest
definition: done by people acting as a group.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəˈlɛktɪv
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛktɪv
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘representing many individuals’): from Old French collectif, -ive or Latin collectivus, from collect- ‘gathered together’, from the verb colligere (see collect1).


word: COLLECTIVIZE
russian_word: коллективизировать
example: his genius for collectivizing production radically changed consumer markets
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈlɛktɪvʌɪz
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛktɪvʌɪz
definition:
organize (something) on the basis of ownership by the people or the state, abolishing private ownership or involvement.


word: COLLECTIVIZED
russian_word: коллективизация
example: collectivized agriculture
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈlɛktɪvʌɪzd
phonetics_text: kəˈlɛktɪvʌɪzd
definition:
organized on the basis of ownership by the people or the state rather than private ownership or involvement.


word: COLLEGE
russian_word: колледж
example: colleges of further education|the Royal College of Physicians
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlɪdʒ
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlɪdʒ
definition:
an educational institution or establishment, in particular one providing higher education or specialized professional or vocational training.|an organized group of professional people with particular aims, duties, and privileges.

synonyms:
educational institution|training establishment|centre of learning|seat of learning|school|academy|university|institute|seminary|conservatory|conservatoire|polytechnic

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin collegium ‘partnership’, from collega ‘partner in office’, from col- ‘together with’ + legare ‘depute’.


word: COLLEGIUM
russian_word: коллегия
origin: late 19th century: from Latin, literally ‘association’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈliːdʒɪəm
phonetics_text: kəˈliːdʒɪəm
definition:
a society of amateur musicians, especially one attached to a German or US university.|an advisory or administrative board in Russia.


word: COLLET
russian_word: цанга
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlɪt
definition:
a segmented band or sleeve put round a shaft or spindle and tightened so as to grip it.|a flange or socket for setting a gem in jewellery.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a piece of armour to protect the neck): from Old French, diminutive of col ‘neck’, from Latin collum .


word: COLLIDE
russian_word: сталкиваться
example: she collided with someone
definition: hit by accident when moving.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈlʌɪd
phonetics_text: kəˈlʌɪd
synonyms:
crash (into)|come into collision (with)|bang (into)|slam (into)|impact (with)|hit|strike|run into|meet head-on|smash into|smack into|cannon into|plough into|bump into|crack into/against|knock into|dash against|barrel into

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘cause to collide’): from Latin collidere, from col- ‘together’ + laedere ‘to strike’.


word: COLLISION
russian_word: столкновение
example: a mid-air collision between two aircraft
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɪʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈlɪʒ(ə)n
definition:
an instance of one moving object or person striking violently against another.|an instance of two or more records being assigned the same identifier or location in memory.

synonyms:
crash|accident|bump|knock|impact|hit|strike|clash|smash|RTA (road traffic accident)|wreck|smash-up|pile-up|prang|shunt

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin collisio(n- ), from Latin collidere ‘strike together’ (see collide).


word: COLLODION
russian_word: коллодий
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek kollōdēs ‘gluelike’, from kolla ‘glue’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈləʊdɪən
phonetics_text: kəˈləʊdɪən
definition:
a syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, used for coating things, chiefly in surgery and in a former photographic process.


word: COLLOID
russian_word: коллоидный
origin: mid 19th century: from Greek kolla ‘glue’ + -oid.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒlɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlɔɪd
definition:
a homogeneous non-crystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.


word: COLLOQUIAL
russian_word: разговорный
example: colloquial and everyday language
definition: (of language) used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary.
antonyms: literary|formal
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin colloquium ‘conversation’ + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈləʊkwɪəl
phonetics_text: kəˈləʊkwɪəl
synonyms:
informal|conversational|everyday|casual|non-literary|natural|unofficial|unpretentious|familiar|chatty|friendly|idiomatic|slangy|vernacular|popular|demotic


word: COLLOTYPE
russian_word: светопечатание
example: collotype printing
origin: late 19th century: from Greek kolla ‘glue’ + type.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlətʌɪp
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlətʌɪp
definition:
a process for making high-quality prints from a sheet of light-sensitive gelatin exposed photographically to the image without using a screen.


word: COLLUDE
russian_word: вступать в сговор
example: he accused his opponents of colluding with one another
definition: cooperate in a secret or unlawful way in order to deceive or gain an advantage over others.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈl(j)uːd
phonetics_text: kəˈl(j)uːd
synonyms:
conspire|connive|intrigue|be hand in glove|plot|participate in a conspiracy|collaborate|scheme|be in cahoots|machinate|cabal|complot

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin colludere ‘have a secret agreement’, from col- ‘together’ + ludere ‘to play’.


word: COLLUSION
russian_word: сговор
example: the armed forces were working in collusion with drug traffickers
definition: secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy in order to deceive others.
synonyms: conspiracy|connivance|complicity|intrigue|plotting|secret understanding|collaboration|scheming
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin collusio(n- ), from colludere ‘have a secret agreement’ (see collude).


word: COLOBOMA
russian_word: колобома
definition: a congenital malformation of the eye causing defects in the lens, iris, or retina.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒləˈbəʊmə
phonetics_text: ˌkɒləˈbəʊmə
origin:
mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek kolobōma ‘part removed in mutilation’, from kolobos ‘cut short’.


word: COLON
russian_word: двоеточие
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊlən
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊlən|ˈkəʊlɒn
definition:
a punctuation mark (:) used to precede a list of items, a quotation, or an expansion or explanation.

origin:
mid 16th century (as a term in rhetoric denoting a section of a complex sentence, or a pause before it): via Latin from Greek kōlon ‘limb, clause’.


word: COLONEL
russian_word: полковник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəːn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkəːn(ə)l
definition:
a rank of officer in the army and in the US air force, above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier or brigadier general.

origin:
mid 16th century: from obsolete French coronel (earlier form of colonel ), from Italian colonnello ‘column of soldiers’, from colonna ‘column’, from Latin columna . The form coronel, source of the modern pronunciation, was usual until the mid 17th century.


word: COLONIALIST
russian_word: колонизатор
example: 16th century Spanish colonialists in the Caribbean
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: kəˈləʊnɪəlɪst
phonetics_text: kəˈləʊnɪəlɪst
definition:
a person who supports the practice of gaining political control over other countries and occupying them with settlers.


word: COLONIST
russian_word: колонист
definition: a settler in or inhabitant of a colony.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlənɪst
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlənɪst
synonyms:
settler|colonizer|colonial|frontiersman|frontierswoman|pioneer|immigrant|newcomer|incomer|planter|homesteader|habitant|redemptioner|squatter


word: COLONIZE
russian_word: колонизировать
example: the Greeks colonized Sicily and southern Italy
definition: send settlers to (a place) and establish political control over it.
antonyms: leave|grant independence to
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒlənʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlənʌɪz
synonyms:
settle (in)|establish a colony in|people|populate|pioneer|open up|found|overrun|occupy|take over|seize|capture|take possession of|annex|subjugate|hegemonize


word: COLONOSCOPY
russian_word: колоноскопия
example: a colonoscopy did not show any problem
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒləˈnɒskəpi
phonetics_text: kɒləˈnɒskəpi
definition:
a procedure in which a flexible fibre-optic instrument is inserted through the anus in order to examine the colon.


word: COLONY
russian_word: колония
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒləni
phonetics_text: ˈkɒləni
example:
Japanese forces overran the French colony of Indo-China|the British colony in New York|a colony of seals

definition:
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country.|a group of people of one nationality or race living in a foreign place.|a community of animals or plants of one kind living close together or forming a physically connected structure.

synonyms:
territory|possession|holding|dependency|province|dominion|protectorate|satellite (state)|settlement|outpost|tributary|fief

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a settlement formed mainly of retired soldiers, acting as a garrison in newly conquered territory in the Roman Empire): from Latin colonia ‘settlement, farm’, from colonus ‘settler, farmer’, from colere ‘cultivate’.


word: COLOPHONY
russian_word: канифоль
definition: another term for rosin.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɒfəni
phonetics_text: kəˈlɒfəni|ˈkɒləˌfəʊni
origin:
Middle English: from Latin colophonia (resina) ‘(resin) from Colophon’, a town in Lydia, Asia Minor.


word: COLOSSAL
russian_word: колоссальный
example: a colossal amount of mail
definition: extremely large or great.|(of an order) having more than one storey of columns.
antonyms: tiny
origin: early 18th century: from French, from colosse, from Latin colossus (see colossus).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈlɒs(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈlɒs(ə)l
synonyms:
huge|massive|enormous|gigantic|very big|very large|great|giant|mammoth|vast|cosmic|immense|tremendous|mighty|stupendous|monumental|epic|prodigious|mountainous|monstrous|titanic|towering|elephantine|king-sized|king-size|gargantuan|Herculean|Brobdingnagian|substantial|extensive|hefty|bulky|weighty|heavy|gross|mega|monster|whopping|whopping great|thumping|thumping great|humongous|jumbo|hulking|bumper|astronomical|astronomic|whacking|whacking great|ginormous


word: COLOSTOMY
russian_word: колостомия
example: he underwent a colostomy
origin: late 19th century: from colon2 + Greek stoma ‘mouth’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlɒstəmi
phonetics_text: kəˈlɒstəmi
definition:
a surgical operation in which the colon is shortened to remove a damaged part and the cut end diverted to an opening in the abdominal wall.


word: COLOUR
russian_word: цвет
synonyms: hue|shade|tint|tone|tinge|cast|tincture
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkʌlə
phonetics_text: ˈkʌlə
example:
the lights flickered and changed colour|discrimination on the basis of colour|for colour, plant groups of winter-flowering pansies|it was Devon Loch's first victory in the colours of his royal owner|many events in her past had taken on a different colour

definition:
the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.|pigmentation of the skin, especially as an indication of someone's race.|vivid appearance resulting from the juxtaposition of many bright things.|an item or items of a particular colour worn to identify or distinguish an individual or a member of a group, in particular a jockey or a member of a sports team.|a shade of meaning.|a quantized property of quarks which can take three values (designated blue, green, and red) for each flavour.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French colour (noun), colourer (verb), from Latin color (noun), colorare (verb).


word: COLOURED
russian_word: цветной
example: strings of coloured lights|there was a drive to recruit coloured, black, and Indian members
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkʌləd
phonetics_text: ˈkʌləd
definition:
having a colour or colours, especially as opposed to being black, white, or neutral.|wholly or partly of non-white descent.|used as an ethnic label for people of mixed ethnic origin, including Khoisan, African, Malay, Chinese, and white.


word: COLOURFUL
russian_word: красочный
example: a colourful array of fruit|a controversial and colourful character
definition: having much or varied colour; bright.|full of interest; lively and exciting.
antonyms: colourless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkʌləfʊl
phonetics_text: ˈkʌləfʊl|ˈkʌləf(ə)l
synonyms:
brightly coloured|bright-coloured|deep-coloured|brilliant|glowing|radiant|vivid|rich|vibrant|eye-catching|flamboyant|showy|gaudy|glaring|garish|flashy|multicoloured|multicolour|many-coloured|many-hued|rainbow|rainbow-like|varicoloured|variegated|harlequin|motley|prismatic|polychromatic|psychedelic|jazzy


word: COLOURING
russian_word: раскраска
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌlərɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkʌlərɪŋ
example:
the salon concentrates purely on colouring|the toad's colouring blended perfectly with its surroundings|food colouring

definition:
the process of changing the colour of something by painting, dyeing, or shading it.|appearance with regard to colour.|matter used to give a particular colour to something, especially food.


word: COLOURPOINT
russian_word: Колорпойнт
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌləpɔɪnt
phonetics_text: ˈkʌləpɔɪnt
definition:
a cat of a long-haired breed having a pale coat with dark points, and blue eyes, developed by crossing Persian and Siamese cats.


word: COLTAN
russian_word: колтан
origin: 1990s: from columbite + tantalite.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒltan
phonetics_text: ˈkɒltan
definition:
a dull metallic mineral which is a combination of columbite and tantalite and which is refined to produce tantalum.


word: COLTSFOOT
russian_word: мать-и-мачеха
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊltsfʊt
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊltsfʊt
definition:
a Eurasian plant of the daisy family, with yellow flowers which appear in the early spring before the large heart-shaped leaves. It is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of coughs and respiratory disorders.

origin:
mid 16th century: translating medieval Latin pes pulli ‘foal's foot’, with reference to the shape of the leaves.


word: COLUMBINE
russian_word: водосбор
definition: an aquilegia which has long-spurred flowers that are typically purplish blue.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒləmbʌɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkɒləmbʌɪn
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French colombine, from medieval Latin colombina (herba) ‘dove-like (plant)’, from Latin columba ‘dove’ (from the supposed resemblance of the flower to a cluster of five doves).


word: COLUMBITE
russian_word: колумбита
origin: early 19th century: from columbium + -ite1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlʌmbʌɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈlʌmbʌɪt
definition:
a black mineral, typically occurring as dense tabular crystals, consisting of an oxide of iron, manganese, niobium, and tantalum. It is the chief ore of niobium.


word: COLUMBIUM
russian_word: колумбий
definition: old-fashioned term for niobium.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈlʌmbɪəm
phonetics_text: kəˈlʌmbɪəm
origin:
early 19th century: modern Latin, from Columbia, a poetic name for America from the name of Christopher Columbus (see Columbus, Christopher).


word: COLUMELLA
russian_word: колумелла
origin: late 16th century: from Latin, ‘small column’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒljʊˈmɛlə
phonetics_text: ˌkɒljʊˈmɛlə
definition:
an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear of birds, reptiles, and amphibians.|the axis of a spiral shell.|the axis of the spore-producing body of some lower plants.


word: COLUMN
russian_word: колонка
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒləm
phonetics_text: ˈkɒləm
example:
a wide entrance portico of eight Ionic columns|turn to page five, column seven|a column of tanks moved north-west

definition:
an upright pillar, typically cylindrical, supporting an arch, entablature, or other structure or standing alone as a monument.|a vertical division of a page or text.|one or more lines of people or vehicles moving in the same direction.

synonyms:
pillar|post|pole|support|upright|vertical|baluster|pier|pile|piling|pilaster|stanchion|standard|prop|buttress|rod|shaft|leg|mast|tower|pylon|obelisk|monolith|newel|caryatid|telamon|herm

origin:
late Middle English: partly from Old French columpne, reinforced by its source, Latin columna ‘pillar’.


word: COLUMNIST
russian_word: обозреватель
definition: a journalist contributing regularly to a newspaper or magazine.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒləm(n)ɪst
phonetics_text: ˈkɒləm(n)ɪst
synonyms:
writer|feature writer|contributor|journalist|correspondent|newspaperman|newspaperwoman|newsman|newswoman|wordsmith|man/woman of letters|penman|humorist|critic|reviewer|commentator|chronicler|littérateur|scribbler|scribe|pen-pusher|hack|hackette|journo|talking head|thumbsucker


word: COLZA
russian_word: рапс
definition: another term for rape2.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒlzə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒlzə
origin:
early 18th century: from Walloon French kolza, from Low German kōlsāt, Dutch koolzaad, from kool ‘cole’ + zaad ‘seed’.


word: COMA
russian_word: кома
example: she went into a coma
definition: a prolonged state of deep unconsciousness, caused especially by severe injury or illness.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊmə
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊmə
synonyms:
unconsciousness|insensibility|stupor|oblivion|inertia|blackout|collapse|torpor|trance|persistent vegetative state|PVS|sopor

origin:
mid 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek kōma ‘deep sleep’; related to koitē ‘bed’ and keisthai ‘lie down’.


word: COMATOSE
russian_word: коматозный
example: she had been comatose for seven months
definition: relating to or in a state of coma.
origin: late 17th century: from Greek kōma, kōmat- ‘deep sleep’ + -ose1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkəʊmətəʊs
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊmətəʊs|ˈkəʊmətəʊz
synonyms:
unconscious|in a coma|insensible|senseless|blacked out|passed out|insentient|insensate|soporose|soporous


word: COMB
russian_word: гребень
example: a grey-speckled hen with a red comb and wattles
origin: Old English camb, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kam and German Kamm .
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəʊm
phonetics_text: kəʊm
definition:
a strip of plastic, metal, or wood with a row of narrow teeth, used for untangling or arranging the hair.|a device for separating and dressing textile fibres.|the red fleshy crest on the head of a domestic fowl, especially a cock.|short for honeycomb (sense 1 of the noun).


word: COMBAT
russian_word: боевой
example: five Hurricanes were shot down in combat
definition: fighting between armed forces.
synonyms: battle|fighting|action|hostilities|conflict|armed conflict|war|warfare|bloodshed
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmbat
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmbat
origin:
mid 16th century (originally denoting a fight between two people or parties): from French combattre (verb), from late Latin combattere, from com- ‘together with’ + battere, variant of Latin batuere ‘to fight’.


word: COMBATANT
russian_word: боец
example: in the long Russo-Swedish conflict, both combatants endured terrible sacrifices
definition: a person or nation engaged in fighting during a war.
antonyms: civilian
synonyms: fighter|fighting man|fighting woman|soldier|serviceman|servicewoman|warrior|trooper
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmbət(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmbət(ə)nt|ˈkʌmbət(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English (as an adjective used in heraldry to describe two lions facing one another with raised forepaws): from Old French, present participle of combatre ‘to fight’ (see combat).


word: COMBATIVE
russian_word: боевой
example: he made some enemies with his combative style
definition: ready or eager to fight or argue.
antonyms: conciliatory
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmbətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmbətɪv|ˈkʌmbətɪv
synonyms:
pugnacious|aggressive|antagonistic|quarrelsome|argumentative|contentious|hostile|truculent|threatening|belligerent|bellicose|militant|warlike|warmongering|hawkish|militaristic|spoiling for a fight|badass|oppugnant


word: COMBED
russian_word: прочесали
example: neatly combed hair|the socks are made of soft combed cotton
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəʊmd
phonetics_text: kəʊmd
definition:
(of hair) having been untangled or arranged by the drawing of a comb through it.|(of wool, flax, or cotton) having been prepared for manufacture with a comb.


word: COMBINATION
russian_word: сочетание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
example:
a magnificent combination of drama, dance, and music|underneath the picture is a safe: the combination is 210319|woollen combinations

definition:
a joining or merging of different parts or qualities in which the component elements are individually distinct.|a sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock.|a motorcycle with a sidecar attached.|a single undergarment covering the body and legs.|a selection of a given number of elements from a larger number without regard to their arrangement.

synonyms:
amalgamation|amalgam|merger|union|blend|mixture|mix|mingling|meld|fusion|fusing|compound|alloy|marriage|weave|coalescence|coalition|pooling|integration|conjunction|incorporation|synthesis|composite|composition|concoction|mash-up

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin combinatio(n- ), from the verb combinare ‘join two by two’ (see combine1).


word: COMBINATORICS
russian_word: комбинаторика
origin: 1940s: from combinatorial (see combination), influenced by German Kombinatorik .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒmbɪnəˈtɒrɪks
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmbɪnəˈtɒrɪks
definition:
the branch of mathematics dealing with combinations of objects belonging to a finite set in accordance with certain constraints, such as those of graph theory.


word: COMBINE
russian_word: комбинировать
definition: join or merge to form a single unit or substance.|unite for a common purpose.
antonyms: separate
part_of_speech: verb|noun
example:
combine the flour with the margarine and salt|groups of teachers combined to tackle a variety of problems

synonyms:
amalgamate|merge|unite|integrate|incorporate|fuse|blend|meld|mingle|coalesce|compound|alloy|homogenize|synthesize|consolidate|bind|bond|join|marry|put together|unify|pool|intermingle|mix|intermix|affiliate|commingle

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Old French combiner or late Latin combinare ‘join two by two’, from com- ‘together’ + Latin bini ‘two together’.


word: COMBUSTIBLE
russian_word: горючий
example: a combustible gas
definition: able to catch fire and burn easily.
antonyms: incombustible
synonyms: inflammable|flammable|incendiary|explosive|burnable|ignitable
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəmˈbʌstɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəmˈbʌstɪb(ə)l
origin:
early 16th century: from Old French, from late Latin combustibilis, from Latin combust- ‘burnt up’, from the verb comburere .


word: COME
russian_word: приехать
antonyms: go away
origin: Old English cuman, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch komen and German kommen .
part_of_speech: verb|preposition|noun
phonetic: kʌm
phonetics_text: kʌm
example:
Jessica came into the kitchen|twilight had not yet come|prisons come well down the list of priorities|his shirt had come undone|the cars come with a variety of extras

definition:
move or travel towards or into a place thought of as near or familiar to the speaker.|occur; happen; take place.|take or occupy a specified position in space, order, or priority.|pass into a specified state, especially one of separation or disunion.|be sold, available, or found in a specified form.|have an orgasm.

synonyms:
move nearer|move closer|approach|advance|near|draw nigh|draw close/closer|draw near/nearer|proceed|make progress|make headway|forge


word: COME ABOUT
russian_word: менять направление
definition: happen; take place.|(of a ship) change direction.
example:
can you tell us more about how the project came about?|the boat came about and headed south along the river shore

synonyms:
happen|occur|take place|transpire|fall|present itself|crop up|materialize|arise|arrive|appear|surface|ensue|follow|come to pass|befall|betide|hap|eventuate


word: COME ACROSS
russian_word: натолкнуться
example:
I came across these old photos recently|he'd always come across as a decent guy|she has come across with some details

definition:
meet or find someone or something by chance.|(of a person) appear or sound in a specified way; give a specified impression.|hand over or provide what is wanted.

synonyms:
meet/find by chance|meet up with|run into|run across|come upon|chance on|stumble on|happen on|light on|hit on|discover|encounter|find|unearth|uncover|locate|bring to light|bump into|dig up


word: COME AWAY
russian_word: отламываться
example: she came away feeling upset|the seat had come away from its fixings
definition:
be left with a specified feeling, impression, or result after doing something.|become separated from something.


word: COMEBACK
russian_word: возвращение
synonyms: resurgence|recovery|return|rally|upturn|revival|rebound|fightback
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌmbak
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmbak
example:
the heavyweight champion is set to make his comeback in England|some of my best comebacks just go right over people's heads

definition:
a return by a well-known person, especially an entertainer or sports player, to the activity in which they have formerly been successful.|a quick reply to a critical remark.|a sheep bred from cross-bred and pure-bred parents for both wool and meat.


word: COME BACK
russian_word: возвращаться
definition: return.|(in sport) recover from a deficit.|reply or respond to someone quickly or vigorously.
example:
when we came back from lunch, we had a package waiting at the door|the Mets came back from a 3–0 deficit|he came back at Judy with a vengeance


word: COME BY
russian_word: заходить
example: his friends came by|Cameron managed to come by some cheap tickets to Rome
definition: call casually and briefly as a visitor.|manage to acquire or obtain something.
synonyms:
obtain|acquire|gain|get|find|pick up|lay hold of|possess oneself of|come to have|procure|secure|get possession of|buy|purchase|land|get one's hands on|get one's mitts on|get hold of|grab|bag|score|swing|nab|collar|cop


word: COME CLEAN
russian_word: исповедоваться
example: the Chancellor must come clean about his plans for increasing taxation
definition: be completely honest; keep nothing hidden.
synonyms:
tell the truth|be completely honest|tell all|make a clean breast of it|confess|own up|admit guilt|accept blame/responsibility|plead guilty|get something off one's chest|fess up


word: COMEDIAN
russian_word: комик
example: they sat watching an Irish comedian telling jokes
definition: an entertainer on stage or television whose act is designed to make an audience laugh.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmiːdɪən
phonetics_text: kəˈmiːdɪən
synonyms:
comic|funny man|funny woman|comedienne|comedy actor/actress|humorist|gagster|stand-up|tummler|farceur

origin:
late 16th century (denoting a comic playwright): from French comédien, from Old French comedie (see comedy). The sense ‘entertainer’ dates from the late 19th century.


word: COMEDO
russian_word: комедон
definition: technical term for blackhead (sense 1).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmɪdəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɪdəʊ|kəˈmiːdəʊ
origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin, literally ‘glutton’, from comedere ‘eat up’, from com- ‘altogether’ + edere ‘eat’. Used formerly as a name for parasitic worms, the term here alludes to the sebaceous secretions resembling small worms that can be squeezed from blackheads.


word: COME DOWN
russian_word: спускаться
synonyms: decide|conclude|settle|reach a decision|choose|opt|plump
example:
I watched the rain come down hard on the windows|we were lucky the bridge didn't come down|the name has come down from the last century|advisers and inspectors came down on our side|I felt like a raver who has just come down from an ecstasy tablet|Jarvis came down from Cambridge with a degree in engineering

definition:
(of rain or snow) fall, in particular fall heavily.|(of a building or other structure) collapse or be demolished.|be handed down by tradition or inheritance.|reach a decision or recommendation in favour of one side or another.|experience the lessening of an excited or euphoric feeling, especially one produced by a narcotic drug.|leave a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge, after finishing one's studies.


word: COMEDY
russian_word: комедия
example: a cabaret with music, dancing, and comedy|Shakespeare's comedies
antonyms: tragedy
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmɪdi
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɪdi
definition:
professional entertainment consisting of jokes and sketches, intended to make an audience laugh.|a play characterized by its humorous or satirical tone and its depiction of amusing people or incidents, in which the characters ultimately triumph over adversity.

synonyms:
light entertainment|comic play/film|farce|situation comedy|burlesque|pantomime|slapstick|satire|vaudeville|comic opera|sitcom

origin:
late Middle English (as a genre of drama, also denoting a narrative poem with a happy ending, as in Dante's Divine Comedy ): from Old French comedie, via Latin from Greek kōmōidia, from kōmōidos ‘comic poet’, from kōmos ‘revel’ + aoidos ‘singer’.


word: COME IN
russian_word: подваливать
example:
that's where Jack comes in|the favourite came in first|I have no money coming in|I found myself wondering when the guitars were going to come in|the tide was coming in

definition:
join or become involved in an enterprise.|finish a race in a specified position.|(of money) be earned or received regularly.|begin to sing or play music with others.|(of a tide) rise; flow.


word: COME INTO
russian_word: получать в наследство
example: new data protection requirements came into effect in May|he came into an inheritance
synonyms: inherit|be/become heir to|be left|be willed|be bequeathed|be devised
definition:
reach or be brought to a specified situation or result.|suddenly receive money or property, especially by inheriting it.


word: COMELY
russian_word: миловидный
example: the comely Italian actress Valeria Golino
definition: pleasant to look at; attractive (typically used of a woman).
antonyms: ugly
origin: Middle English: probably shortened from becomely ‘fitting, becoming’, from become.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkʌmli
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmli
synonyms:
attractive|good-looking|nice-looking|beautiful|pretty|handsome|lovely|stunning|striking|arresting|gorgeous|prepossessing|winning|fetching|captivating|bewitching|beguiling|engaging|charming|charismatic|enchanting|appealing|delightful|irresistible|sexy|sexually attractive|sexual|seductive|alluring|tantalizing|ravishing|desirable|sultry|sensuous|sensual|erotic|arousing|luscious|lush|nubile|bonny|fanciable|beddable|tasty|hot|knockout|drop-dead gorgeous|out of this world|easy on the eye|come-hither|come-to-bed|fit|smashing|cute|foxy|bootylicious|spunky|beauteous|taking|well favoured|fair|sightly|pulchritudinous


word: COME ON
russian_word: наступать
example:
she felt a mild case of the sniffles coming on|she asked them how their garden was coming on|I came on a station that was playing upbeat songs|Come on! We must hurry!

definition:
(of a state or condition) start to arrive or happen.|make progress; develop.|meet or find someone or something by chance.|said when encouraging someone to do something or to hurry up or when one feels that someone is wrong or foolish.

synonyms:
progress|make progress|develop|shape up|make headway|come along|turn out|take shape|improve|show improvement


word: COME OUT
russian_word: проявляться
antonyms: be hushed up
example:
it came out that he had been leading a secret double life|lots of interesting books are coming out|the rain suddenly stopped and the sun came out|I was absolutely thrilled that the roses had come out|residents have come out against the proposals|he deservedly came out the winner on points|the mark will come out with stain remover|the miners came out on strike|she came out live on TV|most of them came out at big charity balls

definition:
(of a fact) emerge; become known.|(of a book or other work) appear; be released or published.|(of the sun, moon, or stars) appear in the sky.|(of flowers) open.|declare oneself as being for or against something.|achieve a specified placing in an examination or contest.|(of a stain) be removed or able to be removed.|go on strike.|openly declare one's sexual or gender identity.|(of a young upper-class woman) make one's debut in society.

synonyms:
become known|become common knowledge|become apparent|come to light|emerge|transpire|get out|be discovered|be uncovered|be made public|be revealed|be divulged|leak out|be disclosed|be reported|be publicized|be released


word: COME ROUND
russian_word: заходить
antonyms: faint|go under
example:
I'd just come round from a drunken stupor|Marcus starts coming round to Will's to watch TV and hang out|I came round to her point of view|Friday had come round so quickly

definition:
recover consciousness.|visit someone's house.|be converted to another person's opinion.|(of a date or regular occurrence) recur; be imminent again.

synonyms:
regain consciousness|recover consciousness|come to|come to life|come to one's senses|recover|revive|awake|wake up


word: COME THROUGH
russian_word: перенести
example:
as an actor your style and personality must come through|she's come through the operation very well|a telephone call came through from Number 10

definition:
(of a quality) become apparent or noticeable through actions or performance.|succeed in surviving or dealing with an illness or ordeal.|(of a message) be sent and received.

synonyms:
be communicated|be perceived|penetrate|get through|get across|be got across|be clear|be understood|be comprehended|register|be taken in|sink in|be grasped|strike home


word: COME TO
russian_word: стоить
antonyms: faint|go under
example:
you will come to no harm|the basic idea came to me while reading an article|I came to in a corner of the room|I'm hoping it won't come to that|the bill came to £20,000|there was a great volley of cracks from the loose sails, and the ship came to

definition:
reach or be brought to a specified situation or result.|(of a thought or memory) enter someone's mind.|recover consciousness.|reach a particular point, especially a bad one.|(of an expense) reach in total; amount to a specified figure.|(of a ship) come to a stop.

synonyms:
regain consciousness|recover consciousness|come round|come to life|come to one's senses|recover|revive|awake|wake up


word: COME UP
russian_word: всходить
synonyms: arise|present itself|occur|happen|come about|transpire|emerge|surface|crop up|turn up|pop up
example:
the subject has not yet come up|I cleaned up the painting and it came up like new|she came up to Oxford to read History

definition:
(of an issue, situation, or problem) occur or present itself, especially unexpectedly.|become brighter in a specified way as a result of being polished or cleaned.|begin one's studies at a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge.


word: COMFORT
russian_word: комфорт
example: there is room for four people to travel in comfort|a few words of comfort
antonyms: grief
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkʌmfət
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmfət
definition:
a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint.|the easing or alleviation of a person's feelings of grief or distress.|a warm quilt.

synonyms:
consolation|solace|condolence|sympathy|fellow feeling|commiseration|help|support|succour|relief|easement|alleviation|reassurance|cheer|gladdening

origin:
Middle English (as a noun, in the senses ‘strengthening, support, consolation’; as a verb, in the senses ‘strengthen, give support, console’): from Old French confort (noun), conforter (verb), from late Latin confortare ‘strengthen’, from com- (expressing intensive force) + Latin fortis ‘strong’. The sense ‘something producing physical ease’ arose in the mid 17th century.


word: COMFORTABLE
russian_word: удобный
example: comfortable sturdy shoes|a comfortable income
antonyms: spartan
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l
definition:
(especially of clothes or furnishings) providing physical ease and relaxation.|as large as is needed or wanted.

synonyms:
cosy|snug|warm|pleasant|enjoyable|agreeable|congenial|plush|well furnished|sheltered|secure|safe|restful|home-like|homely|comfy|snuggly

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘pleasant, pleasing’): from Anglo-Norman French confortable, from conforter ‘to comfort’ (see comfort).


word: COMFORTING
russian_word: утешительный
example: we would like to thank our family and friends for their support and their comforting words
definition: serving to alleviate a person's feelings of grief or distress.
antonyms: distress|depress|disquieting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkʌmfətɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmfətɪŋ
synonyms:
console|solace|bring comfort to|give solace to|condole with|give condolences to|commiserate with|give sympathy to|sympathize with|help|support|succour|ease|reassure|soothe|assuage|calm|relieve|cheer|hearten|gladden|uplift|give a lift to|encourage|buck up|consoling|consolatory|condoling|commiserative|sympathetic|understanding|compassionate|solicitous|gentle|tender|warm|protective|caring|loving|helpful|supportive|easing|reassuring|soothing|assuaging|calming|relieving|cheering|heartening|uplifting|encouraging


word: COMFORTLESS
russian_word: неуютный
example: a comfortless prison|he had left her comfortless
antonyms: bright|welcoming
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkʌmfətlɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmfətlɪs
definition:
offering no means of relaxation and pleasure.|having or offering nothing that serves to ease feelings or grief or distress.

synonyms:
gloomy|dreary|dull|dismal|bleak|drab|grim|sombre|dark|dim|dingy|funereal|miserable|wretched|joyless|cheerless|unhappy|depressing|disheartening|dispiriting|unwelcoming|uninviting|inhospitable|austere|severe|stark|bare|spartan|desolate|clinical|institutional|impersonal


word: COMFREY
russian_word: окопник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌmfri
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmfri
definition:
a Eurasian plant of the borage family, which has large hairy leaves and clusters of purplish or white bell-shaped flowers.

origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French cumfirie, based on Latin conferva, from confervere ‘heal’ (literally ‘boil together’, referring to the plant's medicinal use).


word: COMIC
russian_word: комический
example: a comic monologue
definition: causing or meant to cause laughter.
antonyms: serious
origin: late 16th century: via Latin from Greek kōmikos, from kōmos ‘revel’.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmɪk
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɪk
synonyms:
humorous|funny|droll|amusing|entertaining|diverting|absurd|ridiculous|comical|chucklesome|farcical|silly|slapstick|hilarious|uproarious|hysterical|hysterically funny|zany|witty|jocular|joking|facetious|waggish|priceless|side-splitting|rib-tickling|killing|killingly funny|screamingly funny|a scream|a hoot|a laugh|a barrel of laughs


word: COMICAL
russian_word: смешной
example: a series of comical misunderstandings
definition: amusing, especially in a ludicrous or absurd way.
antonyms: sensible|normal
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmɪk(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɪk(ə)l
synonyms:
funny|comic|humorous|droll|chucklesome|witty|waggish|facetious|light-hearted|jocular|hilarious|hysterically funny|amusing|diverting|entertaining|jokey|wacky|side-splitting|rib-tickling|killing|killingly funny|priceless|a scream|a hoot|a laugh|a card|a caution|sportive|jocose|silly|absurd|ridiculous|laughable|risible|ludicrous|farcical|preposterous|foolish|bizarre|weird|strange|freakish|queer|odd|peculiar|curious|zany|freaky|crazy|off the wall|wacko|rum|derisible

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘relating to or in the style of comedy’): from Latin comicus (see comic) + -al.


word: COMIC STRIP
russian_word: комикс
example: a continuing story in comic-strip form
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a sequence of drawings in boxes that tell an amusing story, typically printed in a newspaper or magazine.


word: COMING
russian_word: приход
example: work is due to start in the coming year|he was the coming man of French racing
definition: due to happen or just beginning.|likely to be important or successful in the future.
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkʌmɪŋ
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmɪŋ
synonyms:
forthcoming|imminent|impending|approaching|advancing|nearing|near|future|expected|anticipated|close|(close) at hand|in store|in the wind|in the air|in the offing|in the pipeline|on the horizon|on the way|on us|about to happen|on the cards


word: COMMAND
russian_word: команда
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kəˈmɑːnd
phonetics_text: kəˈmɑːnd
example:
a gruff voice commanded us to enter|the fortress commands the shortest Channel crossing|they command a majority in Parliament

definition:
give an authoritative or peremptory order.|dominate (a strategic position) from a superior height.|be in a strong enough position to have or secure.

synonyms:
order|give orders to|give the order to|tell|direct|instruct|call on|enjoin|adjure|charge|require|prescribe|bid

origin:
Middle English: from Old French comander ‘to command’, from late Latin commandare, from com- (expressing intensive force) + mandare ‘commit, command’. Compare with commend.


word: COMMANDEER
russian_word: реквизировать
example: a nearby house had been commandeered by the army
definition: officially take possession or control of (something), especially for military purposes.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˌkɒmənˈdɪə
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmənˈdɪə
synonyms:
seize|take|take possession of|take away|requisition|appropriate|expropriate|sequestrate|sequester|confiscate|annex|take over|claim|lay claim to|pre-empt|secure|hijack|arrogate|arrogate to oneself|help oneself to|carry off|loot|grab|walk off with|distrain|attach|disseize|poind

origin:
early 19th century: from Afrikaans kommandeer, from Dutch commanderen, from French commander ‘to command’ (see command).


word: COMMANDER
russian_word: командир
example: the commander of a paratroop regiment
origin: Middle English: from Old French comandeor, from late Latin commandare (see command).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmɑːndə
phonetics_text: kəˈmɑːndə
definition:
a person in authority, especially over a body of troops or a military operation.|a member of a higher class in some orders of knighthood.

synonyms:
leader|head|headman|boss|chief|director|manager|overseer|controller|master|commander-in-chief|C.-in-C.|commanding officer|CO|officer|captain|boss man|skipper|number one|top dog|kingpin|bigwig|Mr Big|big cheese|gaffer|guv'nor|numero uno|sachem|big white chief|big wheel|head honcho|honcho|big kahuna|high muckamuck


word: COMMANDING
russian_word: командующий
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈmɑːndɪŋ
phonetics_text: kəˈmɑːndɪŋ
example:
a commanding officer|the castle is built in a commanding position on a hill looking out over the sea

definition:
(in military contexts) having a position of authority.|(of a place or position) dominating from above; giving a wide view of an area.


word: COMMEMORATE
russian_word: память
example: a wreath-laying ceremony to commemorate the war dead
definition: recall and show respect for (someone or something).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈmɛməreɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛməreɪt
origin:
late 16th century: from Latin commemorat- ‘brought to remembrance’, from the verb commemorare, from com- ‘altogether’ + memorare ‘relate’ (from memor ‘mindful’).


word: COMMENCE
russian_word: начинать
example: his design team commenced work
definition: begin.
antonyms: conclude
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈmɛns
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛns
synonyms:
begin|start|start off|get down to business|get the ball rolling|get going|get under way|get off the ground|make a start on|set about|go about|enter on|embark on|launch into|lead off|get down to|set in motion|ring up the curtain on|open|initiate|institute|inaugurate|go ahead|get cracking on|get stuck into|kick off|get the show on the road|get weaving (on)

origin:
Middle English: from Old French commencier, comencier, based on Latin com- (expressing intensive force) + initiare ‘begin’.


word: COMMENCEMENT
russian_word: начало
example: the commencement of the trial|a commencement address
antonyms: conclusion
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from the verb commencier (see commence).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmɛnsm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛnsm(ə)nt
definition:
the beginning of something.|a ceremony in which degrees or diplomas are conferred on university or high-school students.

synonyms:
beginning|start|starting point|opening|outset|onset|launch|initiation|inception|birth|dawn|origin|day one|kick-off


word: COMMEND
russian_word: рекомендовать
antonyms: criticize
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈmɛnd
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛnd
example:
he was commended by the judge for his courageous actions|I commend her to you without reservation|as they set out on their journey I commend them to your care

definition:
praise formally or officially.|present as suitable for approval or acceptance; recommend.|entrust someone or something to.

synonyms:
praise|compliment|congratulate|applaud|clap|cheer|toast|salute|admire|honour|glorify|extol|eulogize|sing the praises of|praise to the skies|heap praise on|go into raptures about|wax lyrical about|speak highly of|look on with favour|pay homage to|pay tribute to|take one's hat off to|pat on the back|big someone up|ballyhoo|cry someone up|emblazon|laud|panegyrize

origin:
Middle English: from Latin commendare, from com- (expressing intensive force) + mandare ‘commit, entrust’. Compare with command.


word: COMMENDABLE
russian_word: похвальный
example: he showed commendable restraint
definition: deserving praise.
antonyms: reprehensible
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin commendabilis, from commendare (see commend).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈmɛndəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛndəb(ə)l
synonyms:
admirable|praiseworthy|laudable|estimable|meritorious|creditable|exemplary|exceptional|noteworthy|notable|honourable|worthy|deserving|respectable|sterling|fine|excellent|worthy of commendation|worthy of admiration|applaudable


word: COMMENDATION
russian_word: похвала
example: the film deserved the highest commendation
definition: formal or official praise.
antonyms: criticism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmɛnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmɛnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
praise|congratulation|appreciation|thanks|acclaim|acclamation|credit|recognition|regard|respect|esteem|admiration|adulation|approval|approbation|homage|tribute|eulogy|encomium|panegyric|paean|laudation|extolment|eulogium

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin commendatio(n- ), from commendare ‘commit to the care of’ (see commend). Originally (in the plural) the term denoted a liturgical office ending with a prayer commending the souls of the dead to God.


word: COMMENSALISM
russian_word: комменсализм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmɛns(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛns(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.


word: COMMENSURATE
russian_word: соизмеримый
example: salary will be commensurate with age and experience
definition: corresponding in size or degree; in proportion.
antonyms: disproportionate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈmɛnʃ(ə)rət
phonetics_text: kəˈmɛnʃ(ə)rət|kəˈmɛnʃ(ə)rət
synonyms:
equivalent|equal|corresponding|correspondent|comparable|proportionate|proportional|commensurable|appropriate to|in keeping with|in line with|consistent with|corresponding to|in accordance with|according to|relative to|in proportion with|proportionate to|dependent on|based on|commensurable with/to

origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin commensuratus, from com- ‘together’ + mensuratus, past participle of mensurare ‘to measure’.


word: COMMENT
russian_word: комментарий
example: you asked for comments on the new proposals
synonyms: remark|observation|statement|utterance|pronouncement|judgement|reflection|opinion|view|criticism
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmɛnt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɛnt
definition:
a verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction.|a piece of text placed within a program to help other users to understand it, which the computer ignores when running the program.

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘expository treatise’ and ‘explanatory note’): from Latin commentum ‘contrivance’ (in late Latin also ‘interpretation’), neuter past participle of comminisci ‘devise’.


word: COMMENTARY
russian_word: комментарий
example: a biting social commentary about the divide between rich and poor
definition: an expression of opinions or offering of explanations about an event or situation.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmənt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmənt(ə)ri
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin commentarius, commentarium (adjective, used as a noun), from commentari, frequentative of comminisci ‘devise’.


word: COMMENTATOR
russian_word: комментатор
example: commentators noted that the demonstration was part of a wider strategy
definition: a person who comments on events or on a text.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmənteɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmənteɪtə
synonyms:
critic|analyst|pundit|commenter|monitor|observer|blogger|judge|evaluator|interpreter|exponent|expounder|writer|author|speaker|forumite|scholiast|the commentariat


word: COMMENTER
russian_word: комментатор
example: the first commenter suggested that the story is a hoax
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmɛntə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɛntə
definition:
a person who expresses an opinion or engages in discussion of an issue or event, especially online in response to an article or blog post.


word: COMMERCE
russian_word: коммерция
example: the changes in taxation are of benefit to commerce|the noise and warmth of human commerce
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒməːs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒməːs
definition:
the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale.|social dealings between people.|sexual intercourse.

synonyms:
trade|trading|buying and selling|business|bargaining|dealing|traffic|trafficking|(financial) transactions|dealings|negotiations|merchandising

origin:
mid 16th century (in commerce (sense 2)): from French, or from Latin commercium ‘trade, trading’, from com- ‘together’ + mercium (from merx, merc- ‘merchandise’).


word: COMMERCIAL
russian_word: коммерческий
example: a commercial agreement|commercial products
antonyms: non-profit-making
synonyms: trade|trading|business|private enterprise|mercantile|merchant|sales|merchandising
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəˈməːʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈməːʃ(ə)l
definition:
concerned with or engaged in commerce.|making or intended to make a profit.|(of television or radio) funded by the revenue from broadcast advertisements.|(of chemicals) supplied in bulk and not of the highest purity.


word: COMMINUTED
russian_word: раздробленный
example: finely comminuted and amorphous materials
definition: reduced to minute particles or fragments.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmɪnjuːtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɪnjuːtɪd
origin:
early 17th century: past participle of comminute, from Latin comminut- ‘broken into pieces’, from the verb comminuere, from com- ‘together’ + minuere ‘lessen’.


word: COMMIS
russian_word: ввод в
definition: a junior chef.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmi
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmi
origin:
1930s: from French, ‘deputy, clerk’, past participle of commettre ‘entrust’, from Latin committere (see commit).


word: COMMISERATE
russian_word: сочувствовать
example: she went over to commiserate with Rose on her unfortunate circumstances
definition: express or feel sympathy or pity; sympathize.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈmɪzəreɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈmɪzəreɪt
synonyms:
offer sympathy to|be sympathetic to|express sympathy for|send condolences to|offer condolences to|condole with|sympathize with|empathize with|feel pity for|feel sorry for|feel for|be moved by|mourn for|sorrow for|grieve for|comfort|console|solace|give solace to|one's heart goes out to|compassion|compassionate

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin commiserat- ‘commiserated’, from the verb commiserari, from com- ‘with’ + miserari ‘to lament’ (from miser ‘wretched’).


word: COMMISERATION
russian_word: сочувствие
example: the other actors offered him clumsy commiseration
definition: sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others; compassion.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˌmɪzəˈreɪʃn
phonetics_text: kəˌmɪzəˈreɪʃn
synonyms:
condolences|sympathy|pity|comfort|solace|consolation|compassion|feeling|fellow feeling|understanding|consideration


word: COMMISSAR
russian_word: комиссар
example: films that are passed by the political commissar
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒmɪˈsɑː
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmɪˈsɑː
definition:
an official of the Communist Party, especially in the former Soviet Union or present-day China, responsible for political education and organization.

origin:
early 20th century (Russian Revolution): from Russian komissar, from French commissaire, from medieval Latin commissarius (see commissary).


word: COMMISSARIAT
russian_word: комиссариат
definition: a department for the supply of food and equipment.|a government department of the USSR before 1946.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒmɪˈsɛːrɪət
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmɪˈsɛːrɪət
origin:
late 16th century (as a Scots legal term denoting the jurisdiction of a commissary, often spelled commissariot ): from French commissariat, reinforced by medieval Latin commissariatus, both from medieval Latin commissarius ‘person in charge’, from Latin committere ‘entrust’.


word: COMMISSION
russian_word: комиссия
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin commissio(n- ), from committere ‘entrust’ (see commit).
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
example:
one of his first commissions was to redesign the Great Exhibition building|a commission was appointed to investigate the allegations|foreign banks may charge a commission|he has resigned his commission|the commission of an arrestable offence

definition:
an instruction, command, or role given to a person or group.|a group of people entrusted by a government or other official body with authority to do something.|a sum, typically a set percentage of the value involved, paid to an agent in a commercial transaction.|a warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force.|the action of committing a crime or offence.

synonyms:
task|employment|job|work|piece of work|project|mission|assignment|undertaking|exercise|enterprise|endeavour|solution|duty|charge|responsibility|burden|office


word: COMMISSURE
russian_word: спайка
origin: late Middle English: from Latin commissura ‘junction’, from committere ‘join’ (see commit).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmɪsjʊə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmɪsjʊə
definition:
the joint between two bones.|a band of nerve tissue connecting the hemispheres of the brain, the two sides of the spinal cord, etc.|the line where the upper and lower lips or eyelids meet.


word: COMMIT
russian_word: совершать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈmɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈmɪt
example:
he committed an uncharacteristic error|they were reluctant to commit themselves to an opinion|he composed a letter but didn't commit it to paper

definition:
perpetrate or carry out (a mistake, crime, or immoral act).|pledge or bind (a person or an organization) to a certain course or policy.|transfer something to (a state or place where it can be kept or preserved).

synonyms:
carry out|do|perform|perpetrate|engage in|enact|execute|effect|accomplish|be responsible for|be to blame for|be guilty of|pull off|effectuate

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin committere ‘join, entrust’ (in medieval Latin ‘put into custody’), from com- ‘with’ + mittere ‘put or send’.


word: COMMITMENT
russian_word: обязательство
synonyms: dedication|devotion|allegiance|loyalty|faithfulness|fidelity|bond|adherence|attentiveness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmɪtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kəˈmɪtm(ə)nt
example:
the company's commitment to quality|with so many business commitments time for recreation was limited

definition:
the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc.|an engagement or obligation that restricts freedom of action.


word: COMMITTED
russian_word: привержен
example: a committed environmentalist|a committed relationship
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈmɪtɪd
phonetics_text: kəˈmɪtɪd
definition:
pledged or bound to a certain course or policy; dedicated.|in or denoting a long-term emotional relationship.


word: COMMODIOUS
russian_word: просторный
example: they moved to a more commodious dwelling
definition: roomy and comfortable.|convenient.
antonyms: cramped
synonyms: roomy|capacious|spacious|ample|substantial|generous|sizeable|large|big|broad|wide|extensive|spacey
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈməʊdɪəs
phonetics_text: kəˈməʊdɪəs
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘beneficial, useful’): from French commodieux or medieval Latin commodiosus, based on Latin commodus ‘convenient’.


word: COMMODITY
russian_word: товар
example: commodities such as copper and coffee
origin: late Middle English: from Old French commodite or Latin commoditas, from commodus (see commodious).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmɒdɪti
phonetics_text: kəˈmɒdɪti
definition:
a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.

synonyms:
item|material|type of produce|product|article|object|thing|artefact|piece of merchandise|import|export


word: COMMODORE
russian_word: коммодор
origin: late 17th century: probably from Dutch komandeur, from French commandeur ‘commander’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmədɔː
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmədɔː
definition:
a naval rank above captain and below rear admiral, generally given temporarily to an officer commanding a squadron or division of a fleet.


word: COMMON
russian_word: общий
antonyms: unusual|rare
origin: Middle English: from Old French comun (adjective), from Latin communis .
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmən
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmən
example:
salt and pepper are the two most common seasonings|the two republics' common border|she's so common|common assault

definition:
occurring, found, or done often; prevalent.|shared by, coming from, or done by two or more people, groups, or things.|showing a lack of taste and refinement supposedly typical of the lower classes; vulgar.|(in Latin, Dutch, and certain other languages) of or denoting a gender of nouns that are conventionally regarded as masculine or feminine, contrasting with neuter.|(of a syllable) able to be either short or long.|(of a crime) of lesser severity.

synonyms:
usual|ordinary|customary|habitual|familiar|regular|frequent|repeated|recurrent|routine|everyday|daily|day-to-day|quotidian|standard|typical|conventional|stock|stereotyped|predictable|commonplace|mundane|run-of-the-mill|wonted|widespread|general|universal|popular|mainstream|prevalent|prevailing|rife|established|well established|traditional|traditionalist|orthodox|accepted|in circulation|in force|in vogue


word: COMMONHOLD
russian_word: общей собственности
example: a commonhold association
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmənhəʊld
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmənhəʊld
definition:
a system of freehold tenure of a unit within a multi-occupancy building, but with shared responsibility for common services.


word: COMMON LAW
russian_word: обычное право
example: a common-law husband
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes.|denoting a partner in a marriage recognized in some jurisdictions (excluding the UK) as valid by common law, though not brought about by a civil or ecclesiastical ceremony.


word: COMMONLY
russian_word: обычно
example: a commonly used industrial chemical
definition: very often; frequently.
antonyms: rarely
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈkɒmənli
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmənli
synonyms:
often|frequently|regularly|repeatedly|recurrently|time and again|time and time again|over and over|all the time|routinely|habitually|customarily|oftentimes|lots|oft|oft-times


word: COMMONPLACE
russian_word: банальность
example: unemployment was commonplace in his trade
definition: not unusual; ordinary.
antonyms: outstanding|original|unusual
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmənpleɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmənpleɪs
synonyms:
ordinary|run-of-the-mill|middle-of-the-road|mainstream|unremarkable|unexceptional|undistinguished|uninspired|unexciting|unmemorable|forgettable|indifferent|average|so-so|mediocre|pedestrian|prosaic|lacklustre|dull|bland|uninteresting|mundane|everyday|quotidian|humdrum|hackneyed|trite|banal|clichéd|predictable|overused|overdone|overworked|stale|worn out|time-worn|tired|unoriginal|derivative|common or garden|garden variety|nothing to write home about|nothing to get excited about|no great shakes|not so hot|not up to much|vanilla|plain vanilla|bog-standard|a dime a dozen|old hat|corny|played out|hacky|not much cop|ten a penny|ornery|bush-league|cornball|dime-store|half-pie|common|normal|usual|familiar|routine|standard|day-to-day|daily|regular|frequent|habitual|conventional|typical

origin:
mid 16th century (originally common place ): translation of Latin locus communis, rendering Greek koinos topos ‘general theme’.


word: COMMON SENSE
russian_word: здравый смысл
example: it is all a matter of common sense
definition: good sense and sound judgement in practical matters.
antonyms: folly
part_of_speech: noun
synonyms:
good sense|sense|sensibleness|native wit|native intelligence|mother wit|wit|judgement|sound judgement|level-headedness|prudence|discernment|acumen|sharpness|sharp-wittedness|canniness|astuteness|shrewdness|judiciousness|wisdom|insight|intuition|intuitiveness|perceptiveness|perspicacity|vision|understanding|intelligence|reason|powers of reasoning|practicality|capability|initiative|resourcefulness|enterprise|horse sense|gumption|nous|savvy|know-how|common|smarts|sapience|arguteness


word: COMMOTION
russian_word: волнение
example: she was distracted by a commotion across the street
definition: a state of confused and noisy disturbance.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin commotio(n- ), from com- ‘altogether’ + motio (see motion).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈməʊʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈməʊʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
disturbance|racket|uproar|tumult|ruckus|clamour|brouhaha|furore|hue and cry|palaver|fuss|stir|to-do|storm|maelstrom|melee|turmoil|disorder|confusion|chaos|mayhem|havoc|pandemonium|upheaval|unrest|fracas|riot|breach of the peace|disruption|agitation|excitement|hurly-burly|hubbub|disquiet|ferment|bother|folderol|bustle|hustle and bustle|donnybrook|tamasha|bangarang|song and dance|pantomime|production|rumpus|ruction|ructions|ballyhoo|hoo-ha|hullabaloo|aggro|argy-bargy|carry-on|kerfuffle|row|stink|splash|hoopla|foofaraw|bobsy-die|affray|broil


word: COMMUNAL
russian_word: коммунальный
example: a communal bathroom and kitchen|violent communal riots
antonyms: private|individual
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)l|kəˈmjuːn(ə)l
definition:
shared by all members of a community; for common use.|(of conflict) between different communities, especially those having different religions or ethnic origins.

synonyms:
shared|joint|common|general|public|collective|cooperative|community|communalist|united|combined|pooled|mass

origin:
early 19th century (in the sense ‘relating to a commune, especially the Paris Commune’): from French, from late Latin communalis, from communis (see common).


word: COMMUNALISM
russian_word: коммунализм
example: issues such as Punjab violence and communalism
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)lɪz(ə)m|kəˈmjuːn(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
a principle of political organization based on federated communes.|allegiance to one's own ethnic group rather than to the wider society.


word: COMMUNE
russian_word: коммуна
synonyms: collective|cooperative|co-op|community|communal settlement|kibbutz|fellowship
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmjuːn
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjuːn
example:
she went to California and joined a commune|very few of the abbey's vineyards were actually located within the commune of Hautvillers

definition:
a group of people living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities.|the smallest French territorial division for administrative purposes.|the group that seized the municipal government of Paris in the French Revolution and played a leading part in the Reign of Terror until suppressed in 1794.

origin:
late 17th century (in commune1 (sense 2)): from French, from medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of Latin communis (see common).


word: COMMUNICABLE
russian_word: коммуникабельный
example: the value of the product must be communicable to the potential consumers
definition: able to be communicated to others.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈmjuːnɪkəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəˈmjuːnɪkəb(ə)l
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘communicating, having communication’): from Old French, from late Latin communicabilis, from the verb communicare ‘to share’ (see communicate).


word: COMMUNICATE
russian_word: общаться
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt
example:
the prisoner was forbidden to communicate with his family|the disease is communicated from one person to another|the dining room communicates with the kitchen|orthodox policy is to communicate in both kinds (i.e. both bread and wine)

definition:
share or exchange information, news, or ideas.|pass on (an infectious disease) to another person or animal.|(of two rooms) have a common connecting door.|receive Holy Communion.

synonyms:
liaise|be in touch|be in contact|be in communication|make contact|have dealings|interface|commune|meet|meet up|talk|speak|converse|chat|have a conversation|have a chat|have a discussion|visit|have a confab|chew the fat|chew the rag|have a chinwag|shoot the breeze

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin communicat- ‘shared’, from the verb communicare, from communis (see common).


word: COMMUNICATION
russian_word: коммуникация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
television is an effective means of communication|satellite communications|a city providing excellent road and rail communications

definition:
the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium.|means of sending or receiving information, such as phone lines or computers.|means of travelling or of transporting goods, such as roads or railways.

synonyms:
transmission|imparting|conveying|reporting|presenting|passing on|handing on|relay|conveyance|divulgence|divulgation|disclosure|spreading|dissemination|promulgation|broadcasting|circulation|circulating

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French comunicacion, from Latin communicatio(n- ), from the verb communicare ‘to share’ (see communicate).


word: COMMUNICATIVE
russian_word: коммуникативный
example: Lew was a very communicative chap
definition: willing, eager, or able to talk or impart information.
antonyms: uncommunicative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv
phonetics_text: kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv
synonyms:
forthcoming|expansive|informative|expressive|unreserved|uninhibited|vocal|outgoing|frank|open|candid|talkative|conversational|chatty|gossipy|loquacious|garrulous|voluble|verbose|effusive|gushing|mouthy|gabby|windy|gassy|talky|multiloquent|multiloquous

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin communicativus, from communicat- ‘shared’, from the verb communicare (see communicate).


word: COMMUNION
russian_word: общение
synonyms: Eucharist|Holy Communion|Lord's Supper|Mass
origin: late Middle English: from Latin communio(n- ), from communis (see common).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmjuːnjən
phonetics_text: kəˈmjuːnjən
example:
in this churchyard communion with the dead was almost palpable|Communion was celebrated once a month|the Eastern Churches are not in communion with Rome

definition:
the sharing or exchanging of intimate thoughts and feelings, especially on a mental or spiritual level.|the service of Christian worship at which bread and wine are consecrated and shared.|a relationship of recognition and acceptance between Christian Churches or denominations, or between individual Christians or Christian communities and a Church.


word: COMMUNISM
russian_word: коммунизм
origin: mid 19th century: from French communisme, from commun (see common).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmjʊnɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjʊnɪz(ə)m
definition:
a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.

synonyms:
collectivism|state ownership|socialism|radical socialism|Sovietism|Bolshevism|Marxism|neo-Marxism|Leninism|Marxism–Leninism|Trotskyism|Maoism


word: COMMUNIST
russian_word: коммунист
example: I was very left-wing but I was never a communist
definition: a person who supports or believes in the principles of communism.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmjʊnɪst
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjʊnɪst
synonyms:
socialist|leftist|collectivist|radical socialist|anti-capitalist|Soviet|Bolshevik|Bolshevist|Marxist|neo-Marxist|Leninist|Marxist–Leninist|Trotskyist|Trotskyite|Maoist|commie|Bolshie|red|lefty


word: COMMUNITY
russian_word: сообщество
synonyms: group|section|body|company|set|circle|clique|coterie|ring|band|faction|gang|bunch
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈmjuːnɪti
phonetics_text: kəˈmjuːnɪti
example:
Montreal's Italian community|the sense of community that organized religion can provide|communities of insectivorous birds

definition:
a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.|the condition of sharing or having certain attitudes and interests in common.|a group of interdependent plants or animals growing or living together in natural conditions or occupying a specified habitat.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French comunete, reinforced by its source, Latin communitas, from communis (see common).


word: COMMUTATE
russian_word: коммутировать
example: commutating coils
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmjʊteɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjʊteɪt
definition:
regulate or reverse the direction of (an alternating electric current), especially to make it a direct current.

origin:
late 19th century: from Latin commutat- ‘changed altogether, exchanged, interchanged’, from the verb commutare (see commute).


word: COMMUTATOR
russian_word: коммутатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmjʊˌteɪtə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmjʊˌteɪtə
definition:
an attachment, connected with the armature of a motor or dynamo, through which electrical connection is made and which ensures the current flows as direct current.


word: COMMUTE
russian_word: коммутируют
antonyms: increase|uphold
synonyms: travel to and from work|travel to and fro|travel back and forth|come and go|shuttle
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kəˈmjuːt
phonetics_text: kəˈmjuːt
example:
he commuted from Corby to Kentish Town|the governor commuted the sentence to fifteen years' imprisonment|operators which do not commute with each other

definition:
travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis.|reduce (a judicial sentence, especially a sentence of death) to another less severe one.|(of two operations or quantities) have a commutative relation.

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘interchange (two things’)): from Latin commutare, from com- ‘altogether’ + mutare ‘to change’. commute (sense 1 of the verb) originally meant to buy and use a commutation ticket, a US term for a season ticket (because the daily fare is commuted to a single payment).


word: COMORBID
russian_word: сопутствующие
example: medically complex patients with severe comorbid conditions
origin: 1970s: from co- + morbid.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkəʊˈmɔːbɪd
phonetics_text: ˌkəʊˈmɔːbɪd
definition:
denoting or relating to diseases or medical conditions that are simultaneously present in a patient.


word: COMPACT
russian_word: компактный
example: a compact cluster of houses|towns compact of wooden houses
definition: closely and neatly packed together; dense.|composed or made up of.
antonyms: loose
synonyms: dense|packed close|close-packed|tightly packed|pressed together|thick|tight|firm|solid
part_of_speech: adjective|verb|noun
phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin compact- ‘closely put together, joined’, from the verb compingere, from com- ‘together’ + pangere ‘fasten’.


word: COMPACTION
russian_word: уплотнение
definition: the exertion of force on something so that it becomes more dense.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpakʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmˈpakʃ(ə)n
example:
an ice core, formed by compaction of previous snowfalls, constitutes a historical record of the local climate


word: COMPANDER
russian_word: компандер
origin: 1930s: blend of compressor and expander (see expand).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpandə
phonetics_text: kəmˈpandə
definition:
a device that improves the signal-to-noise ratio of an electrical signal by compressing the range of amplitudes of the signal before transmission, and then expanding it on reproduction or reception.


word: COMPANION
russian_word: спутник
example: his travelling companion|a companion volume|a Companion of the Order of Canada
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəmˈpanjən
phonetics_text: kəmˈpanjən
definition:
a person or animal with whom one spends a lot of time or with whom one travels.|each of a pair of things intended to complement or match each other.|a member of the lowest grade of certain orders of knighthood.

synonyms:
associate|partner|escort|consort|colleague|workmate|co-worker|compatriot|confederate|ally|friend|intimate|confidant|confidante|comrade|confrère|buddy|pal|chum|crony|cully|spar|sidekick|mate|oppo|china|mucker|marrow|marrer|marra|amigo|compadre|paisan|homeboy|homegirl|gabba|offsider|compeer|consociate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French compaignon, literally ‘one who breaks bread with another’, based on Latin com- ‘together with’ + panis ‘bread’.


word: COMPANIONABLE
russian_word: общительный
example: a companionable young man
definition: friendly and sociable.
antonyms: unfriendly
origin: early 17th century: alteration of obsolete companiable, influenced by companion1.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpanjənəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəmˈpanjənəb(ə)l
synonyms:
friendly|affable|cordial|genial|congenial|amiable|easy-going|approachable|sympathetic|well disposed|good-natured|neighbourly|hospitable|comradely|easy to get along with|sociable|convivial|outgoing|extrovert|extroverted|gregarious|company-loving|hail-fellow-well-met|chummy|pally|matey|buddy-buddy|clubby|regular


word: COMPANIONSHIP
russian_word: общение
example: the love and companionship of marriage
definition: a feeling of fellowship or friendship.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpanjənʃɪp
phonetics_text: kəmˈpanjənʃɪp
synonyms:
friendship|fellowship|closeness|togetherness|amity|intimacy|rapport|camaraderie|comradeship|solidarity|mutual support|mutual affection|brotherhood|sisterhood|company|society|association|social intercourse|social contact|acquaintance|chumminess|palliness|clubbiness|mateyness


word: COMPANY
russian_word: компания
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkʌmp(ə)ni
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmp(ə)ni
example:
a shipping company|I really enjoy his company|the Mayor addressed the assembled company|a company of wigeons occasionally numbers several thousand birds

definition:
a commercial business.|the fact or condition of being with another or others, especially in a way that provides friendship and enjoyment.|a number of individuals gathered together.|a flock of wigeon (ducks).

synonyms:
firm|business|corporation|house|establishment|agency|office|bureau|institution|organization|operation|concern|enterprise|venture|undertaking|practice|conglomerate|consortium|syndicate|group|chain|combine|multiple|multinational|outfit|set-up

origin:
Middle English (in company (sense 2 of the noun, sense 3 of the noun)): from Old French compainie ; related to compaignon (see companion1).


word: COMPARABLE
russian_word: сравнимый
example: the situation in Holland is comparable to that in England
definition: able to be likened to another; similar.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
similar|close|near|approximate|akin|equivalent|corresponding|commensurate|proportional|proportionate|parallel|analogous|related|like|matching|bordering on|verging on|approaching|not a million miles away from|commensurable

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin comparabilis, from the verb comparare (see compare).


word: COMPARATIVE
russian_word: сравнительный
example: he returned to the comparative comfort of his own home|comparative religion
synonyms: relative|qualified|modified|in/by comparison
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kəmˈparətɪv
phonetics_text: kəmˈparətɪv
definition:
measured or judged by estimating the similarity or dissimilarity between one thing and another; relative.|involving the systematic observation of the similarities or dissimilarities between two or more branches of science or subjects of study.|(of an adjective or adverb) expressing a higher degree of a quality, but not the highest possible (e.g. braver ; more fiercely ).

origin:
late Middle English (in comparative (sense 3 of the adjective)): from Latin comparativus, from comparare ‘to pair, match’ (see compare).


word: COMPARATOR
russian_word: компаратор
definition: a device for comparing something measurable with a reference or standard.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈparətə
phonetics_text: kəmˈparətə
origin:
late 19th century: from Latin comparat- ‘paired, matched’, from the verb comparare (see compare), + -or1.


word: COMPARE
russian_word: сравнить
synonyms: contrast|set side by side|juxtapose|collate|differentiate|weigh up|balance
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpɛː
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛː
example:
individual schools compared their facilities with those of others in the area|words of one syllable are usually compared by ‘-er’ and ‘-est’

definition:
estimate, measure, or note the similarity or dissimilarity between.|form the comparative and superlative degrees of (an adjective or an adverb).

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French comparer, from Latin comparare, from compar ‘like, equal’, from com- ‘with’ + par ‘equal’.


word: COMPARISON
russian_word: сравнение
example: they drew a comparison between Gandhi's teaching and that of other teachers
synonyms: contrast|juxtaposition|collation|differentiation|weighing up|balancing
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈparɪs(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmˈparɪs(ə)n
definition:
a consideration or estimate of the similarities or dissimilarities between two things or people.|the formation of the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French comparesoun, from Latin comparatio(n- ), from comparare ‘to pair, match’ (see compare).


word: COMPARTMENT
russian_word: отсек
example: there's some ice cream in the freezer compartment
synonyms: section|part|partition|bay|recess|chamber|cavity|niche|nook|hollow|pocket|pouch|receptacle
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kəmˈpɑːtm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɑːtm(ə)nt
definition:
a separate section or part of a structure or container.|a grassy mound or other support depicted below a shield.

origin:
mid 16th century: from French compartiment, from Italian compartimento, from compartire, from late Latin compartiri ‘divide’.


word: COMPASS
russian_word: компас
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkʌmpəs
phonetics_text: ˈkʌmpəs
example:
walkers should be equipped with a map and compass|a regular heptagon cannot be constructed accurately with only ruler and compass|the event had political repercussions which are beyond the compass of this book

definition:
an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.|an instrument for drawing circles and arcs and measuring distances between points, consisting of two arms linked by a movable joint, one arm ending in a point and the other usually carrying a pencil or pen.|the range or scope of something.

synonyms:
scope|range|extent|reach|span|breadth|width|orbit|ambit|stretch|limits|confines|parameters|extremities|bounds|boundary|area|field|sphere|zone|domain

origin:
Middle English: from Old French compas (noun), compasser (verb), based on Latin com- ‘together’ + passus ‘a step or pace’. Several senses (‘measure’, ‘artifice’, ‘circumscribed area’, and ‘pair of compasses’) which appeared in Middle English are also found in Old French, but their development and origin are uncertain. The transference of sense to the magnetic compass is held to have occurred in the related Italian word compasso, from the circular shape of the compass box.


word: COMPASSION
russian_word: сострадание
example: the victims should be treated with compassion
definition: sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others.
antonyms: indifference|heartlessness
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpaʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmˈpaʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
pity|sympathy|feeling|fellow feeling|empathy|understanding|care|concern|solicitude|solicitousness|sensitivity|tender-heartedness|soft-heartedness|warm-heartedness|warmth|love|brotherly love|tenderness|gentleness|mercy|mercifulness|leniency|lenience|tolerance|consideration|kindness|humanity|humaneness|kind-heartedness|charity|benevolence

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin compassio(n- ), from compati ‘suffer with’.


word: COMPASSIONATE
russian_word: сострадательный
example: I allowed him to go home on compassionate grounds
definition: feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others.
antonyms: indifferent|heartless
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpaʃ(ə)nət
phonetics_text: kəmˈpaʃ(ə)nət
synonyms:
pitying|sympathetic|empathetic|understanding|caring|concerned|solicitous|sensitive|tender-hearted|soft-hearted|warm-hearted|warm|loving|tender|gentle|merciful|lenient|tolerant|considerate|thoughtful|kind|kindly|kind-hearted|humanitarian|humane|charitable|benevolent|good-natured|well disposed|big-hearted

origin:
late 16th century: from compassion + -ate2, influenced by archaic French compassioné ‘feeling pity’.


word: COMPATIBILITY
russian_word: совместимость
example: he argues for the compatibility of science and religion
definition: a state in which two things are able to exist or occur together without problems or conflict.
antonyms: incompatibility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˌpatɪˈbɪlɪti
phonetics_text: kəmˌpatɪˈbɪlɪti
synonyms:
like-mindedness|similarity|agreement|affinity|closeness|fellow feeling|harmony|rapport|empathy|sympathy|friendship|camaraderie|togetherness|communion|concord


word: COMPATRIOT
russian_word: соотечественник
example: Stich defeated his compatriot Boris Becker in the quarter-finals
definition: a fellow citizen or national of a country.
synonyms: fellow countryman|fellow countrywoman|countryman|countrywoman|fellow citizen|fellow national
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpatrɪət
phonetics_text: kəmˈpatrɪət|kəmˈpeɪtrɪət
origin:
late 16th century: from French compatriote, from late Latin compatriota (translating Greek sumpatriōtēs ), from com- ‘together with’ + patriota (see patriot).


word: COMPEL
russian_word: принуждать
example: a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions
definition: force or oblige (someone) to do something.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin compellere, from com- ‘together’ + pellere ‘drive’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpɛl
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛl
synonyms:
force|coerce into|pressurize into|pressure|impel|drive|press|push|urge|prevail on|dragoon into|browbeat into|bully into|bludgeon into|intimidate into|terrorize into|oblige|require|put under an obligation|leave someone no option but to|make|bulldoze|railroad|steamroller|twist someone's arm|strong-arm|lean on|put the screws on|constrain|exact|extort|demand|insist on|enforce|necessitate


word: COMPELLING
russian_word: неотразимый
example: his eyes were strangely compelling
definition: evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way.
antonyms: boring
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpɛlɪŋ
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛlɪŋ
synonyms:
enthralling|captivating|gripping|engrossing|riveting|spellbinding|entrancing|transfixing|mesmerizing|hypnotic|mesmeric|absorbing|fascinating|thrilling|irresistible|addictive|unputdownable


word: COMPENDIOUS
russian_word: сжатый
example: a compendious study
definition: containing or presenting the essential facts of something in a comprehensive but concise way.
antonyms: rambling|expanded
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpɛndɪəs
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛndɪəs
synonyms:
succinct|pithy|short and to the point|short and sweet|potted|thumbnail|brief|crisp|compact|concise|condensed|shortened|contracted|compressed|abridged|abbreviated|summarized|summary|abstracted|in a nutshell|in a few well-chosen words|snappy|lapidary|epigrammatic|synoptic|aphoristic|gnomic

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French compendieux, from Latin compendiosus ‘advantageous, brief’, from compendium ‘profit, saving, abbreviation’.


word: COMPENDIUM
russian_word: компендиум
example: an invaluable compendium of useful information about language
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpɛndɪəm
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛndɪəm
definition:
a collection of concise but detailed information about a particular subject, especially in a book or other publication.

synonyms:
collection|compilation|anthology|treasury|digest|summary|synopsis|precis|résumé|outline|summarization|round-up|summing-up|companion|handbook|manual|vade mecum|conspectus|summa|epitome

origin:
late 16th century: from Latin, ‘profit, saving’ (literally ‘what is weighed together’), from compendere, from com- ‘together’ + pendere ‘weigh’.


word: COMPENSABLE
russian_word: компенсации
definition: (of a loss or hardship) for which compensation can be obtained.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpɛnsəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛnsəb(ə)l
origin:
mid 17th century: French, from compenser, from Latin compensare ‘weigh (something) against (another)’.


word: COMPENSATE
russian_word: компенсировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmpɛnseɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpɛnseɪt|ˈkɒmp(ə)nseɪt
example:
payments were made to farmers to compensate them for cuts in subsidies|the manager is hoping for victory to compensate for the team's dismal league campaign

definition:
give (someone) something, typically money, in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury incurred; recompense.|reduce or counteract (something unwelcome or unpleasant) by exerting an opposite force or effect.

synonyms:
recompense|repay|pay back|reimburse|remunerate|recoup|requite|indemnify|settle up with|settle accounts with

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘counterbalance’): from Latin compensat- ‘weighed against’, from the verb compensare, from com- ‘together’ + pensare (frequentative of pendere ‘weigh’).


word: COMPENSATION
russian_word: компенсация
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmpɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmpɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)n|kɒmp(ə)nˈseɪʃ(ə)n
example:
he is seeking compensation for injuries suffered at work|send your CV and current compensation to Executive Search Consultant

definition:
something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury.|the process of concealing or offsetting a psychological difficulty by developing in another direction.|the money received by an employee from an employer as a salary or wages.

synonyms:
recompense|repayment|payment|reimbursement|remuneration|requital|indemnification|indemnity|redress|satisfaction|damages|reparations|comp|guerdon|meed|solatium

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin compensatio(n- ), from the verb compensare ‘weigh against’ (see compensate).


word: COMPETE
russian_word: конкурировать
example: universities are competing for applicants
definition: strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpiːt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpiːt
synonyms:
take part|play|be a contestant|be a competitor|participate|be involved|get involved|engage|enter|go in for|throw one's hat in the ring|be in the running|contend|vie|fight|battle|clash|tussle|grapple|wrestle|wrangle|jockey|wage war|cross swords|lock horns|go head to head|strive against|struggle against|pit oneself against|challenge|take on|try to beat|pitch oneself against

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin competere, in its late sense ‘strive or contend for (something)’, from com- ‘together’ + petere ‘aim at, seek’.


word: COMPETENCE
russian_word: компетентность
antonyms: incompetence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmpɪt(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpɪt(ə)ns
example:
courses to improve the competence of staff|he found himself with an ample competence and no obligations

definition:
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently.|an income large enough to live on, typically an unearned one.

synonyms:
capability|ability|competency|capacity|proficiency|accomplishment|adeptness|adroitness|knowledge|expertise|expertness|skill|skilfulness|prowess|mastery|resources|faculties|facilities|talent|bent|aptitude|artistry|virtuosity|savvy|know-how


word: COMPETENT
russian_word: компетентный
example: a highly competent surgeon
definition: having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmpɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpɪt(ə)nt
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘suitable, adequate’): from Latin competent-, from the verb competere in its earlier sense ‘be fit or proper’ (see compete).


word: COMPETITION
russian_word: конкуренция
example: there is fierce competition between banks
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmpɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmpɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
the activity or condition of striving to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others.

synonyms:
rivalry|competitiveness|vying|contesting|opposition|contention|conflict|feuding|battling|fighting|struggling|strife|war|keeping up with the Joneses

origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin competitio(n- ) ‘rivalry’, from competere ‘strive for’ (see compete).


word: COMPETITIVE
russian_word: конкурсный
example: a competitive sport|a car industry competitive with any in the world
antonyms: gentlemanly
synonyms: ruthless|merciless|aggressive|fierce|dog-eat-dog|cut-throat
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv
definition:
relating to or characterized by competition.|as good as or better than others of a comparable nature.

origin:
early 19th century: from Latin competit- ‘striven for’, from the verb competere (see compete), + -ive.


word: COMPETITIVELY
russian_word: конкурентоспособным
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvli
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvli
example:
I began swimming competitively nearly 30 years ago|we will have to do some outsourcing to stay competitively priced

definition:
in a way that strives to gain or win something by defeating others.|in a way that compares favorably with others of the same nature, particularly in relation to price.


word: COMPETITIVENESS
russian_word: конкурентоспособность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnəs
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnəs
example:
a lot of people get wrapped up in competitiveness and jealousy|the competitiveness of the agricultural sector

definition:
possession of a strong desire to be more successful than others.|the quality of being as good as or better than others of a comparable nature.


word: COMPILATION
russian_word: сборник
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmpɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmpɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n
example:
great care has been taken in the compilation of this guidebook|there are thirty-three stories in this compilation

definition:
the action or process of producing something, especially a list or book, by assembling information collected from other sources.|a thing, especially a book, record, or broadcast programme, that is put together by assembling previously separate items.

synonyms:
collection|selection|anthology|treasury|compendium|album|corpus|miscellany|pot-pourri|miscellanea|garland|ana|collectanea|analects|florilegium

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin compilatio(n- ), from compilare ‘to plunder’ (see compile).


word: COMPILE
russian_word: скомпилировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpʌɪl
phonetics_text: kəmˈpʌɪl
example:
the local authority must compile a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers|this allows you to create programs and compile them

definition:
produce (a list or book) by assembling information collected from other sources.|convert (a program) into a machine-code or lower-level form in which the program can be executed.

synonyms:
assemble|put together|make up|collate|compose|marshal|organize|arrange|sort out|systematize|systemize|anthologize|gather|collect|accumulate|amass

origin:
Middle English: from Old French compiler or its apparent source, Latin compilare ‘plunder or plagiarize’.


word: COMPLACENCY
russian_word: самодовольство
example: the figures are better, but there are no grounds for complacency
definition: a feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements.
antonyms: dissatisfaction
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin complacentia, from Latin complacere ‘to please’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpleɪs(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: kəmˈpleɪs(ə)nsi
synonyms:
smugness|self-satisfaction|self-approval|self-approbation|self-admiration|self-congratulation|self-regard|gloating|triumph|pride|satisfaction|contentment|carelessness|slackness|laxity|laxness|laziness|self-content


word: COMPLACENT
russian_word: самодовольный
example: you can't afford to be complacent about security
definition: showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements.
antonyms: dissatisfied|humble
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpleɪs(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpleɪs(ə)nt
synonyms:
smug|self-satisfied|pleased with oneself|proud of oneself|self-approving|self-congratulatory|self-admiring|self-regarding|gloating|triumphant|proud|pleased|gratified|satisfied|content|contented|careless|slack|lax|lazy|I'm-all-right-Jack|wisenheimer|shit-eating

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘pleasant’): from Latin complacent- ‘pleasing’, from the verb complacere .


word: COMPLAIN
russian_word: пожаловаться
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpleɪn
phonetics_text: kəmˈpleɪn
example:
local authorities complained that they lacked sufficient resources|her husband began to complain of headaches

definition:
express dissatisfaction or annoyance about something.|state that one is suffering from (a pain or other symptom of illness).|(of a structure or mechanism) groan or creak under strain.

synonyms:
protest|grumble|moan|whine|bleat|carp|cavil|lodge a complaint|make a complaint|make a fuss|object to|speak out against|rail at|oppose|lament|bewail|criticize|find fault with|run down|inveigh against|mither|twine|kick up a fuss|kick up a stink|bellyache|beef|grouch|grouse|bitch|sound off|go on about|pick holes in|whinge|gripe|grizzle|chunter|create|be on at someone|kvetch|chirp|crib|natter|plain over

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French complaindre, from medieval Latin complangere ‘bewail’, from Latin com- (expressing intensive force) + plangere ‘to lament’.


word: COMPLAINT
russian_word: жалоба
example: I intend to make an official complaint|she is receiving treatment for her skin complaint
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpleɪnt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpleɪnt
definition:
a statement that something is unsatisfactory or unacceptable.|an illness or medical condition, especially a relatively minor one.

synonyms:
protest|protestation|objection|remonstrance|statement of dissatisfaction|grievance|charge|accusation|criticism|cavil|quibble|grumble|moan|whine|twine|beef|gripe|grouse|grouch|whinge|yike|plaint

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French complainte, feminine past participle of complaindre ‘to lament’ (see complain).


word: COMPLAISANT
russian_word: услужливый
example: there are too many complaisant doctors signing sick notes
definition: willing to please others or to accept what they do or say without protest.
antonyms: unwilling
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpleɪz(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpleɪz(ə)nt
synonyms:
willing|assenting|acquiescent|agreeable|amenable|cooperative|accommodating|obliging|biddable|compliant|pliant|deferential|docile|obedient|conformable|tractable

origin:
mid 17th century: French, from complaire ‘acquiesce in order to please’, from Latin complacere ‘to please’.


word: COMPLEMENT
russian_word: дополнение
antonyms: contrast
synonyms: accompaniment|companion|addition|supplement|accessory|adjunct|trimming|finishing touch|final touch
part_of_speech: noun|verb
example:
local ales provide the perfect complement to fine food|at the moment we have a full complement of staff

definition:
a thing that contributes extra features to something else in such a way as to improve or emphasize its quality.|a number or quantity of something, especially that required to make a group complete.|one or more words, phrases, or clauses governed by a verb (or by a nominalization or a predicative adjective) that complete the meaning of the predicate. In generative grammar, all the constituents of a sentence that are governed by a verb form the complement.|a group of proteins present in blood plasma and tissue fluid which combine with an antigen–antibody complex to bring about the lysis of foreign cells.

phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘completion’): from Latin complementum, from complere ‘fill up’ (see complete). Compare with compliment.


word: COMPLEMENTARITY
russian_word: взаимодополняемость
example: a culture based on the complementarity of men and women
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒmplɪmɛnˈtarɪti
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmplɪmɛnˈtarɪti
definition:
a relationship or situation in which two or more different things improve or emphasize each other's qualities.


word: COMPLEMENTARY
russian_word: дополнительный
example: they had different but complementary skills|complementary therapies such as aromatherapy
antonyms: incompatible|contrasting
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ri
definition:
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other or another.|relating to complementary medicine.

synonyms:
harmonizing|harmonious|complementing|supportive|supporting|reciprocal|interdependent|interrelated|compatible|corresponding|matching|twin|completing|finishing|perfecting|complemental


word: COMPLEMENTATION
russian_word: комплементация
example: information as to a verb's complementation tells the learner about its meaning
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmplɪmɛnˈteɪʃn
phonetics_text: kɒmplɪmɛnˈteɪʃn
definition:
the action of complementing something.|all the clause constituents that are governed by a verb, nominalization, or adjective.|the phenomenon by which the effects of two different non-allelic mutations in a gene are partly or entirely cancelled out when they occur together.


word: COMPLETE
russian_word: полный
example: a complete list of courses offered by the university|a complete ban on smoking
antonyms: partial
part_of_speech: adjective|verb
phonetic: kəmˈpliːt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpliːt
definition:
having all the necessary or appropriate parts.|(often used for emphasis) to the greatest extent or degree; total.

synonyms:
absolute|out-and-out|utter|total|real|outright|downright|thoroughgoing|thorough|positive|proper|veritable|prize|perfect|consummate|unqualified|unmitigated|sheer|rank|inveterate|congenital|dyed-in-the-wool|true blue|in every respect|full-bore|deep-dyed|right|fair|arrant|right-down|apodictic

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French complet or Latin completus, past participle of complere ‘fill up, finish, fulfil’, from com- (expressing intensive force) + plere ‘fill’.


word: COMPLETELY
russian_word: полностью
example: the fire completely destroyed the building
definition: totally; utterly.
antonyms: partially
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: kəmˈpliːtli
phonetics_text: kəmˈpliːtli
synonyms:
totally|entirely|wholly|thoroughly|fully|utterly|absolutely|perfectly|unreservedly|unconditionally|quite|altogether|downright|in every way|in every respect|in all respects|one hundred per cent|every inch|to the hilt|to the core|all the way|dead|deadly|totes


word: COMPLETION
russian_word: завершение
example: funds for the completion of the new building
definition: the action or process of completing or finishing something.
origin: late 15th century: from Latin completio(n- ), from complere ‘fill up’ (see complete).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpliːʃn
phonetics_text: kəmˈpliːʃn
synonyms:
realization|accomplishment|achievement|fulfilment|execution|consummation|finalization|resolution|finish|ending|conclusion|close|closing|cessation|termination|fruition|success|wind-up|winding up|sewing up|polishing off


word: COMPLETIVE
russian_word: заканчивающий
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpliːtɪv
phonetics_text: kəmˈpliːtɪv
definition:
a word or morpheme which adds a sense of completeness to a word or phrase (e.g. in the phrase break up, up is a completive).


word: COMPLEX
russian_word: комплекс
synonyms: compound|composite|compounded|multiplex
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmplɛks
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmplɛks
example:
a complex network of water channels|in naming complex ions, the names of the ligands are cited first

definition:
consisting of many different and connected parts.|denoting or involving numbers or quantities containing both a real and an imaginary part.|denoting an ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bonds.

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘group of related elements’): from Latin complexus, past participle (used as a noun) of complectere ‘embrace, comprise’, later associated with complexus ‘plaited’; the adjective is partly via French complexe .


word: COMPLEXION
russian_word: цвет лица
example: a smooth, pale complexion|the complexion of the game changed
synonyms: skin|skin colour|skin colouring|skin tone|skin texture|pigmentation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈplɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmˈplɛkʃ(ə)n
definition:
the natural colour, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially of the face.|the general aspect or character of something.

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin complexio(n- ) ‘combination’ (in late Latin ‘physical constitution’), from complectere ‘embrace, comprise’. The term originally denoted physical constitution or temperament determined by the combination of the four bodily humours, hence complexion (sense 1) (late 16th century) as a visible sign of this.


word: COMPLEXITY
russian_word: сложность
example: an issue of great complexity
definition: the state or quality of being intricate or complicated.
antonyms: simplicity
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈplɛksəti
phonetics_text: kəmˈplɛksəti
synonyms:
complication|problem|difficulty|twist|turn|convolution|entanglement|intricacy|complicatedness|involvement|convolutedness


word: COMPLIANCE
russian_word: соблюдение
example: the ways in which the state maintains order and compliance
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈplʌɪəns
phonetics_text: kəmˈplʌɪəns
definition:
the action or fact of complying with a wish or command.|the property of a material of undergoing elastic deformation or (of a gas) change in volume when subjected to an applied force. It is equal to the reciprocal of stiffness.


word: COMPLIANT
russian_word: уступчивый
antonyms: recalcitrant|bloody-minded
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈplʌɪənt
phonetics_text: kəmˈplʌɪənt
example:
a compliant labour force|food that is compliant with safety regulations|the conversion of the gel to a much less compliant, rigid glass

definition:
disposed to agree with others or obey rules, especially to an excessive degree; acquiescent.|meeting or in accordance with rules or standards.|having the property of compliance.

synonyms:
acquiescent|amenable|biddable|tractable|complaisant|accommodating|cooperative|adaptable|obedient|docile|manageable|malleable|pliable|pliant|flexible|submissive|dutiful|tame|meek|yielding|easily handled|like putty in one's hands|controllable|unresisting|unassertive|passive|governable|persuadable|manipulable|milky|persuasible


word: COMPLICATE
russian_word: усложнять
example: increased choice will complicate matters for the consumer
definition: make (something) more complicated.
antonyms: simplify
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt
synonyms:
make (more) difficult|make complex|make complicated|mix up|confuse|muddle|entangle|embroil|mess up|snarl up|screw up|perplex|embarrass|ravel

origin:
early 17th century (in the sense ‘combine, entangle, intertwine’): from Latin complicat- ‘folded together’, from the verb complicare, from com- ‘together’ + plicare ‘to fold’.


word: COMPLICATED
russian_word: сложный
example: a complicated stereo system|complicated appendicitis
definition: consisting of many interconnecting parts or elements; intricate.|involving complications.
antonyms: easy|simple|straightforward
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd
synonyms:
complex|intricate|involved|convoluted|tangled|elaborate|impenetrable|knotty|tricky|thorny|serpentine|labyrinthine|tortuous|cumbersome|Byzantine|Daedalian|Gordian|confused|confusing|bewildering|baffling|puzzling|perplexing|difficult to understand|above one's head|fiddly|involute|involuted


word: COMPLICATION
russian_word: осложнение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
there is a complication concerning ownership of the site|she developed complications after the surgery

definition:
a circumstance that complicates something; a difficulty.|a secondary disease or condition aggravating an already existing one.

synonyms:
difficulty|problem|issue|obstacle|hurdle|stumbling block|barrier|impediment|drawback|snag|catch|hitch|fly in the ointment|prob|headache|hiccup|facer|spanner in the works|monkey wrench in the works

origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin complicatio(n- ), from Latin complicare ‘fold together’ (see complicate).


word: COMPLICITY
russian_word: соучастие
antonyms: ignorance
synonyms: collusion|involvement|collaboration|connivance|abetment|conspiracy|being in cahoots
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈplɪsɪti
phonetics_text: kəmˈplɪsɪti
definition:
the fact or condition of being involved with others in an activity that is unlawful or morally wrong.

origin:
mid 17th century: from Middle English complice  ‘an associate’, from Old French, from late Latin complex, complic- ‘allied’, from Latin complicare ‘fold together’ (see complicate). Compare with accomplice.


word: COMPLIMENT
russian_word: комплимент
example: she paid me an enormous compliment
definition: a polite expression of praise or admiration.
antonyms: insult|criticism
part_of_speech: noun|verb
synonyms:
flattering remark|tribute|accolade|commendation|bouquet|pat on the back|encomium|praise|acclaim|acclamation|plaudits|admiration|approbation|homage|eulogy|flattery|blandishments|blarney|honeyed words|trade last|laudation|eulogium

phonetic:
mid 17th century: from French compliment (noun), complimenter (verb), from Italian complimento ‘fulfilment of the requirements of courtesy’, from Latin complementum ‘completion, fulfilment’ (reflected in the earlier English spelling complement, gradually replaced by the French form between 1655 and 1715).


word: COMPLIMENTARY
russian_word: приветственный
example: Jennie was very complimentary about Kath's riding|a complimentary bottle of wine
definition: expressing a compliment; praising or approving.|given or supplied free of charge.
antonyms: derogatory|scathing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ri
synonyms:
flattering|appreciative|congratulatory|admiring|approving|commendatory|laudatory|highly favourable|glowing|eulogizing|adulatory|fulsome|honeyed|saccharine|sugary|rave|panegyrical|acclamatory|encomiastic|laudative


word: COMPLINE
russian_word: вечернее богослужение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmplɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmplɪn|ˈkɒmplʌɪn
definition:
a service of evening prayers forming part of the Divine Office of the Western Christian Church, traditionally said (or chanted) before retiring for the night.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French complie, feminine past participle of obsolete complir ‘to complete’, from Latin complere ‘fill up’ (see complete). The ending -ine was probably influenced by Old French matines ‘matins’.


word: COMPLY
russian_word: соблюдать
example: we are unable to comply with your request
definition: act in accordance with a wish or command.
antonyms: ignore|disobey
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈplʌɪ
phonetics_text: kəmˈplʌɪ
synonyms:
abide by|act in accordance with|observe|obey|adhere to|conform to|follow|respect|agree to|assent to|consent to|concur with/in|fall in with|acquiesce in|go along with|yield to|submit to|bow to|defer to|satisfy|meet|fulfil|measure up to

origin:
late 16th century: from Italian complire, Catalan complir, Spanish cumplir, from Latin complere ‘fill up, fulfil’ (see complete). The original sense was ‘fulfil, accomplish’, later ‘fulfil the requirements of courtesy’, hence ‘to be agreeable, to oblige or obey’. Compare with compliment.


word: COMPO
russian_word: компо
origin: early 19th century: abbreviation of composite.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmpəʊ
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpəʊ
definition:
a material made up of a mixture of different substances.|military rations consisting of a supply of tinned food designed to last a specified number of days and carried in a pack.


word: COMPONENT
russian_word: компонент
example: an assembly plant for imported components
definition: a part or element of a larger whole, especially a part of a machine or vehicle.
synonyms: part|piece|bit|constituent|element|ingredient|unit|module|item|section|portion|integrant
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpəʊnənt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpəʊnənt
origin:
mid 17th century: from Latin component- ‘putting together’, from the verb componere, from com- ‘together’ + ponere ‘put’. Compare with compound1.


word: COMPOSE
russian_word: сочинять
antonyms: get worked up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpəʊz
phonetics_text: kəmˈpəʊz
example:
he composed the First Violin Sonata four years earlier|the National Congress is composed of ten senators|she tried to compose herself|in offices where close-set text was composed both men and women pieceworkers were normally employed

definition:
write or create (a work of art, especially music or poetry).|(of elements) constitute or make up (a whole, or a specified part of it).|calm or settle (oneself or one's features or thoughts).|prepare (a text) for printing by manually, mechanically, or electronically setting up the letters and other characters in the order to be printed.

synonyms:
write|create|devise|make up|think up|frame|formulate|fashion|produce|originate|invent|contrive|concoct|pen|author|draft|rhyme|sing|verse|indite

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘put together, construct’): from Old French composer, from Latin componere (see component), but influenced by Latin compositus ‘composed’ and Old French poser ‘to place’.


word: COMPOSED
russian_word: состоит
example: a very talented and composed young player
definition: having one's feelings and expression under control; calm.
antonyms: excited|overwrought
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpəʊzd
phonetics_text: kəmˈpəʊzd
synonyms:
calm|collected|cool|and collected|as cool as a cucumber|cool-headed|controlled|self-controlled|serene|tranquil|relaxed|at ease|self-possessed|unruffled|unperturbed|unflustered|undisturbed|unmoved|unbothered|untroubled|unagitated|equable|even-tempered|level-headed|imperturbable|unflappable|unfazed|together|laid-back|chilled|nonplussed|equanimous


word: COMPOSITE
russian_word: составной
example: this soup is one of those composite dishes which you gradually build up
synonyms: compound|complex|combined|blended|mixed|compounded|synthesized
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmpəzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpəzɪt
definition:
made up of several parts or elements.|relating to or denoting a classical order of architecture consisting of elements of the Ionic and Corinthian orders.|relating to or denoting plants of the daisy family ( Compositae ).

origin:
late Middle English (describing a number having more than one digit): via French from Latin compositus, past participle of componere ‘put together’.


word: COMPOSITE
russian_word: составной
definition: combine (two or more images) to make a single picture, especially electronically.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmpəzɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpəzɪt
example:
two pieces of footage depicting the halves of the ship were composited to give the impression of the full ship sinking into the water

origin:
late Middle English (describing a number having more than one digit): via French from Latin compositus, past participle of componere ‘put together’.


word: COMPOSITION
russian_word: состав
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin compositio(n- ), from componere ‘put together’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the social composition of villages|Chopin's most romantic compositions|an external contractor providing computerized composition and typesetting|he had been released by deed on making a composition with the creditors

definition:
the nature of something's ingredients or constituents; the way in which a whole or mixture is made up.|a creative work, especially a poem or piece of music.|the preparation of text for printing by setting up characters or by establishing its style and appearance electronically.|a legal agreement to pay a sum in lieu of a larger debt or other obligation.

synonyms:
make-up|constitution|configuration|structure|construction|conformation|formation|form|framework|fabric|anatomy|arrangement|organization|format|layout|set-up


word: COMPOSITIONAL
russian_word: композиционным
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
example:
new compositional techniques arose|strategies adopted in these fields tend to be compositional in nature

definition:
relating to the production of a creative work such as a poem or piece of music.|composed of various elements.


word: COMPOSSIBLE
russian_word: сосуществующих
definition: (of one thing) compatible or possible in conjunction with another.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpɒsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kəmˈpɒsɪb(ə)l
origin:
mid 17th century: from Old French, from medieval Latin compossibilis, from com- ‘together with’ + possibilis (see possible).


word: COMPOST
russian_word: компост
example: cover with a layer of fine compost
definition: decayed organic material used as a fertilizer for growing plants.
synonyms: fertilizer|plant food|dressing|organic matter|vegetable waste|humus|peat
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmpɒst
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmpɒst
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French composte, from Latin composita, compositum ‘something put together’, feminine and neuter past participle of componere .


word: COMPOSURE
russian_word: самообладание
example: she was struggling to regain her composure
definition: the state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
antonyms: agitation|nervousness|discomposure
origin: late 16th century (in the sense ‘composing, composition’): from compose + -ure.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpəʊʒə
phonetics_text: kəmˈpəʊʒə
synonyms:
self-control|self-possession|self-command|calmness|equanimity|equilibrium|calm|coolness|collectedness|serenity|tranquillity|aplomb|poise|presence of mind|sangfroid|self-assurance|assurance|imperturbability|placidity|placidness|impassiveness|impassivity|dispassion|phlegm|stolidity|unexcitability|cool|unflappability|countenance|ataraxy|ataraxia


word: COMPOUND
russian_word: соединение
example: the air smelled like a compound of diesel and petrol fumes
definition: a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
synonyms:
amalgam|amalgamation|combination|composite|blend|mixture|mix|admixture|meld|fusion|synthesis|consolidation|alloy|hybrid|mash-up

phonetic:
late Middle English compoune (verb), from Old French compoun-, present tense stem of compondre, from Latin componere ‘put together’. The final -d was added in the 16th century on the pattern of expound and propound . compound1 (sense 2 of the verb) arose through a misinterpretation of the legal phrase compound a felony, which means ‘refrain from prosecuting a felony in exchange for money or other consideration’. This led to the use of compound in legal contexts to mean ‘make something bad worse’, which then became accepted in general usage.


word: COMPOUNDER
russian_word: мировой посредник
example: compounders make up medicines for doctors or pharmacies
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpaʊndə
phonetics_text: kəmˈpaʊndə
definition:
a person who mixes or combines ingredients in order to produce an animal feed, medicine, or other substance.


word: COMPRADOR
russian_word: компрадор
example: successful compradors made vast fortunes
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒmprəˈdɔː
phonetics_text: ˌkɒmprəˈdɔː
definition:
a person who acts as an agent for foreign organizations engaged in investment, trade, or economic or political exploitation.

origin:
early 17th century (denoting a local person employed in a European household in SE Asia or India to make small purchases and keep the household accounts): from Portuguese, ‘buyer’, from late Latin comparator, from Latin comparare ‘to purchase’, from com- ‘with’ + parare ‘provide’.


word: COMPREHEND
russian_word: постигать
example: he couldn't comprehend her reasons for marrying Lovat|a divine order comprehending all men
definition: grasp mentally; understand.|include, comprise, or encompass.
antonyms: exclude
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kɒmprɪˈhɛnd
phonetics_text: kɒmprɪˈhɛnd
synonyms:
understand|grasp|take in|see|apprehend|follow|make sense of|fathom|make out|puzzle out|get to the bottom of|penetrate|realize|perceive|discern|divine|unravel|decipher|interpret|piece together|work out|figure out|make head or tail of|get one's head around|wrap one's mind round|take on board|get a fix on|get the hang of|get the drift of|catch on to|latch on to|tumble to|crack|dig|get|see the light|get the picture|twig|suss out|suss|savvy

origin:
Middle English: from Old French comprehender, or Latin comprehendere, from com- ‘together’ + prehendere ‘grasp’.


word: COMPREHENSIBLE
russian_word: понятный
example: clear and comprehensible English
definition: able to be understood; intelligible.
antonyms: incomprehensible|opaque
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪb(ə)l
synonyms:
intelligible|understandable|easy to understand|digestible|user-friendly|accessible|lucid|coherent|clear|crystal clear|transparent|plain|perspicuous|explicit|unambiguous|straightforward|self-explanatory|penetrable|fathomable|graspable

origin:
late 15th century: from French compréhensible or Latin comprehensibilis, from comprehens- ‘seized, comprised’, from the verb comprehendere (see comprehend).


word: COMPREHENSION
russian_word: понимание
example: some won't have the least comprehension of what I'm trying to do
definition: the ability to understand something.|inclusion.
antonyms: ignorance|incomprehension
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒmprɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒmprɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
understanding|ability to understand|grasp|grip|conception|apprehension|cognition|cognizance|ken|knowledge|awareness|perception|discernment|interpretation

origin:
late Middle English: from French compréhension or Latin comprehensio(n- ), from the verb comprehendere ‘seize, comprise’ (see comprehend).


word: COMPREHENSIVE
russian_word: комплексный
example: a comprehensive list of sources|a comprehensive school
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪv
phonetics_text: kɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪv
definition:
including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.|relating to or denoting a system of secondary education in which children of all abilities from a particular area are educated in one school.|relating to understanding.

origin:
early 17th century: from French compréhensif, -ive, from late Latin comprehensivus, from the verb comprehendere ‘grasp mentally’.


word: COMPRESS
russian_word: сжимать
example: the skirt can be folded and compressed into a relatively small bag
definition: flatten by pressure; squeeze or press.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
flatten|squeeze|press|squash|crush|cram|jam|stuff|wedge|tamp|pack|wad|compact|constrict|scrunch|squidge|coarct|coarctate

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Old French compresser or late Latin compressare, frequentative of Latin comprimere, from com- ‘together’ + premere ‘to press’; or directly from compress- ‘pressed together’, from the verb comprimere .


word: COMPRISE
russian_word: включать
example: the country comprises twenty states
definition: consist of; be made up of.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈprʌɪz
phonetics_text: kəmˈprʌɪz
synonyms:
consist of|be made up of|be composed of|contain|take in|embrace|encompass|incorporate|include|involve|cover|comprehend

origin:
late Middle English: from French, ‘comprised’, feminine past participle of comprendre, from Old French comprehender (see comprehend).


word: COMPROMISE
russian_word: компромисс
example: eventually they reached a compromise|sexism should be tackled without compromise
antonyms: intransigence
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒmprəmʌɪz
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmprəmʌɪz
definition:
an agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions.|the expedient acceptance of standards that are lower than is desirable.

synonyms:
agreement|understanding|settlement|terms|accommodation|deal|trade-off|bargain|halfway house|middle ground|middle course|happy medium|balance|modus vivendi|give and take|concession|cooperation

origin:
late Middle English (denoting mutual consent to arbitration): from Old French compromis, from late Latin compromissum ‘a consent to arbitration’, neuter past participle of compromittere, from com- ‘together’ + promittere (see promise).


word: COMPULSION
russian_word: принуждение
example: the payment was made under compulsion|he felt a compulsion to babble on about what had happened
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpʌlʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmˈpʌlʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; constraint.|an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way.

synonyms:
obligation|constraint|force|coercion|duress|pressure|pressurization|enforcement|oppression|intimidation|force majeure

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin compulsio(n- ), from compellere ‘to drive, force’ (see compel).


word: COMPULSIVE
russian_word: компульсивное
example: compulsive eating|this play is compulsive viewing
antonyms: dull|tedious
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpʌlsɪv
phonetics_text: kəmˈpʌlsɪv
definition:
resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge.|irresistibly interesting or exciting; compelling.

synonyms:
irresistible|uncontrollable|compelling|driving|overwhelming|overpowering|urgent|besetting|obsessive|neurotic|obsessional|addictive|out of control|ungovernable

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘compulsory’): from medieval Latin compulsivus, from compuls- ‘driven, forced’, from the verb compellere (see compel). compulsive (sense 1) (originally a term in psychology) dates from the early 20th century.


word: COMPULSORY
russian_word: обязательный
example: compulsory military service
definition: required by law or a rule; obligatory.
antonyms: optional|voluntary
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kəmˈpʌls(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kəmˈpʌls(ə)ri
synonyms:
obligatory|mandatory|required|requisite|necessary|essential|statutory|prescribed|imperative|enforced|demanded|binding|forced|unavoidable|inescapable|incumbent|enforceable|contractual|stipulated|set|de rigueur

origin:
early 16th century (as a noun denoting a legal mandate which had to be obeyed): from medieval Latin compulsorius, from compuls- ‘driven, forced’, from the verb compellere (see compel).


word: COMPUNCTION
russian_word: раскаяние
example: they used their tanks without compunction
definition: a feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpʌŋkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəmˈpʌŋkʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
scruples|misgivings|qualms|worries|unease|uneasiness|hesitation|hesitancy|doubts|reluctance|reservations|guilt|feelings of guilt|guilty conscience|pangs/twinges of conscience|remorse|regret|contrition|contriteness|self-reproach|repentance|penitence

origin:
Middle English: from Old French componction, from ecclesiastical Latin compunctio(n- ), from Latin compungere ‘prick sharply’, from com- (expressing intensive force) + pungere ‘to prick’.


word: COMPUTATIONALLY
russian_word: вычислительно
example: video images are processed computationally|a computationally efficient algorithm
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: kɒmpjəˈteɪʃ(ə)nəli
phonetics_text: kɒmpjəˈteɪʃ(ə)nəli
definition:
in a way that uses or relates to computers.|in a way that relates to the process of mathematical calculation.


word: COMPUTE
russian_word: вычисление
example: the hire charge is computed on a daily basis
definition: reckon or calculate (a figure or amount).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəmˈpjuːt
phonetics_text: kəmˈpjuːt
synonyms:
calculate|work out|reckon|figure|enumerate|determine|evaluate|assess|quantify|put a figure on|add up|add together|count up|tally|total|totalize|measure|tot up|cast

origin:
early 17th century: from French computer or Latin computare, from com- ‘together’ + putare ‘to settle (an account)’.


word: COMPUTER
russian_word: компьютер
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəmˈpjuːtə
phonetics_text: kəmˈpjuːtə
definition:
an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.


word: COMRADE
russian_word: товарищ
example: an old college comrade
definition: (among men) a colleague or a fellow member of an organization.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmreɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmreɪd
synonyms:
companion|friend|colleague|associate|partner|co-worker|fellow worker|workmate|fellow soldier|compatriot|confederate|ally|confrère|pal|buddy|crony|mate|chum|oppo|bro|compeer|consociate

origin:
mid 16th century (originally also camerade ): from French camerade, camarade (originally feminine), from Spanish camarada ‘room-mate’, from Latin camera ‘chamber’. Compare with chum1.


word: COMRADESHIP
russian_word: товарищество
example: his greatest joy came from comradeship with others in the team
definition: the company and friendship of others with common aims.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒmrədʃɪp
phonetics_text: ˈkɒmrədʃɪp|ˈkɒmreɪdʃɪp
synonyms:
camaraderie|friendship|companionship|fellowship|good fellowship|brotherliness|brotherhood|sisterhood|closeness|affinity|togetherness|solidarity|mutual support|team spirit|esprit de corps


word: CON
russian_word: против
example: I conned him into giving me your home number
definition: persuade (someone) to do or believe something by lying to them.
origin: late 19th century (originally US): abbreviation of confidence, as in confidence trick .
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kɒn
phonetics_text: kɒn
synonyms:
swindle|defraud|cheat|trick|fleece|dupe|deceive|rook|exploit|squeeze|milk|bleed|fool|take advantage of|mislead|delude|hoax|hoodwink|bamboozle|string along|embezzle|do|sting|diddle|rip off|take for a ride|pull a fast one on|put one over on|take to the cleaners|bilk|gull|finagle|fiddle|swizzle|swizz|sell a pup to|stiff|euchre|bunco|hornswoggle|gazump|cozen|sharp|mulct


word: CONATIVE
russian_word: волевой
origin: late 19th century: from Latin conat- ‘endeavoured’ (from the verb conari ) + -ive.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒnətɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnətɪv
definition:
of or involving conation.|denoting a word or structure that expresses attempted action as opposed to action itself, for example at in he was kicking at the bicycle.


word: CONCAVE
russian_word: вогнутый
example: concave lenses
definition: having an outline or surface that curves inwards like the interior of a circle or sphere.
antonyms: convex
origin: late Middle English: from Latin concavus, from con- ‘together’ + cavus ‘hollow’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒnkeɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnkeɪv
synonyms:
curved inwards|hollow|hollowed out|scooped out|depressed|sunken|indented|recessed|incurved|incurvate


word: CONCEAL
russian_word: скрывать
example: a line of sand dunes concealed the distant sea
definition: not allow to be seen; hide.
antonyms: reveal|expose
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsiːl
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːl
synonyms:
hide|keep out of sight|keep hidden|secrete|tuck away|screen|cover|obscure|block out|blot out|disguise|camouflage|mask|cloak|mantle|shroud|enshroud|hidden|not visible|secret|out of sight|unseen|invisible|screened|covered|disguised|camouflaged|obscured|inconspicuous|unnoticeable|private|privy|secreted|tucked away

origin:
Middle English: from Old French conceler, from Latin concelare, from con- ‘completely’ + celare ‘hide’.


word: CONCEALMENT
russian_word: сокрытие
example: the concealment of the weapons
definition: the action of hiding something or preventing it from being known.
antonyms: revelation|disclosure
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsiːlm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːlm(ə)nt
synonyms:
hiding|secretion|cover|shelter|protection|screen|hiding place|privacy|seclusion|secrecy|keeping secret|keeping hidden|hushing up|covering up|cover-up|suppression|disguise|camouflage|whitewash|misprision


word: CONCEDE
russian_word: уступать
example: I had to concede that I'd overreacted|in 475 the emperor conceded the Auvergne to Euric
antonyms: deny
synonyms: admit|acknowledge|accept|allow|grant|recognize|own|confess|agree|take on board
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsiːd
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːd
definition:
admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it.|surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege).

origin:
late 15th century: from French concéder or Latin concedere, from con- ‘completely’ + cedere ‘yield’.


word: CONCEIT
russian_word: самомнение
example: he was puffed up with conceit|the idea of the wind's singing is a prime romantic conceit
definition: excessive pride in oneself.|an ingenious or fanciful comparison or metaphor.
antonyms: modesty|humility
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsiːt
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːt
synonyms:
vanity|narcissism|conceitedness|self-love|self-admiration|self-adulation|self-regard|egotism|egoism|egocentricity|egomania|pride|arrogance|hubris|boastfulness|cockiness|self-importance|immodesty|self-satisfaction|smugness|complacency|amour propre|big-headedness|swollen-headedness|uppishness|uppitiness|vainglory

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘notion’, also ‘quaintly decorative article’): from conceive, on the pattern of pairs such as deceive, deceit .


word: CONCEITED
russian_word: тщеславный
example: Fred's so conceited he'd never believe anyone would refuse him
definition: excessively proud of oneself; vain.
antonyms: modest|self-effacing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsiːtɪd
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːtɪd
synonyms:
vain|narcissistic|pleased with oneself|self-loving|in love with oneself|self-admiring|self-regarding|self-centred|egotistic|egotistical|egoistic|egocentric|egomaniac|proud|arrogant|boastful|cocky|cocksure|full of oneself|above oneself|self-important|immodest|swaggering|strutting|self-satisfied|self-congratulatory|smug|complacent|supercilious|haughty|snobbish|big-headed|swollen-headed|too big for one's boots|puffed up|stuck-up|snooty|high and mighty|uppity|uppish|snotty|snot-nosed|toffee-nosed|chesty|vainglorious|peacockish|think too highly of oneself|think a lot of oneself|boast|brag|blow one's own trumpet


word: CONCEIVABLE
russian_word: мыслимый
example: a mass uprising was entirely conceivable
definition: capable of being imagined or grasped mentally.
antonyms: inconceivable
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsiːvəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːvəb(ə)l
synonyms:
imaginable|possible|plausible|tenable|credible|believable|thinkable|feasible|creditable|admissible|understandable|comprehensible|mortal|cogitable


word: CONCEIVE
russian_word: зачать
example: she was conceived when her father was 49|the dam project was originally conceived in 1977
definition: create (an embryo) by fertilizing an egg.|form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsiːv
phonetics_text: kənˈsiːv
synonyms:
think up|think of|come up with|dream up|draw up|devise|form|formulate|design|frame|invent|coin|originate|create|develop|evolve|hatch|cook up|contrive

origin:
Middle English: from Old French concevoir, from Latin concipere, from com- ‘together’ + capere ‘take’.


word: CONCELEBRATE
russian_word: совместно проводить службу
example: the pro-nuncio will concelebrate Mass with bishops from Wales
definition: officiate jointly at (a Mass).
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kɒnˈsɛlɪbreɪt
phonetics_text: kɒnˈsɛlɪbreɪt
origin:
late 19th century: from Latin concelebrat- ‘celebrated together’, from the verb concelebrare, from con- ‘together’ + celebrare (see celebrate).


word: CONCENTRATE
russian_word: сконцентрировать
antonyms: dissipate|daydream|let one's mind wander
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪt
example:
she couldn't concentrate on the film|the nation's wealth was concentrated in the hands of the governing elite|plants and microorganisms can concentrate metals from the environment

definition:
focus all one's attention on a particular object or activity.|gather (people or things) together in a common location.|increase the strength or proportion of (a substance or solution) by removing or reducing the other diluting agent or by selective accumulation of atoms or molecules.

synonyms:
focus|direct|centre|centralize|bring to bear|home in on|zero in on|focus one's attention on|focus on|pay attention to|keep one's mind on|apply oneself to|address oneself to|devote oneself to|get down to|put one's mind to|be absorbed in|be engrossed in|be immersed in|think about closely|consider closely|rack one's brains about/over|cudgel one's brains about/over|get stuck into

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘bring towards a centre’): Latinized form of concentre, or from French concentrer ‘to concentrate’. concentrate (sense 1 of the verb) dates from the early 20th century.


word: CONCENTRATED
russian_word: концентрированный
example: a concentrated campaign|pure concentrated fruit juice
antonyms: half-hearted
synonyms: strenuous|concerted|intensive|intense|vigorous|assiduous|all-out
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd
definition:
wholly directed to one thing; intense.|(of a substance or solution) present in a high proportion relative to other substances; having had water or other diluting agent removed or reduced.


word: CONCENTRATION
russian_word: концентрация
antonyms: inattention|distraction
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒns(ə)nˈtreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒns(ə)nˈtreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
she was frowning in concentration|the island has the greatest concentration of seabirds in the north-west|the gas can collect in dangerous concentrations

definition:
the action or power of focusing all one's attention.|a close gathering of people or things.|the relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of space.

synonyms:
close attention|close thought|attentiveness|application|industry|assiduousness|single-mindedness|absorption|engrossment|focusing|centring|centralization|direction


word: CONCEPT
russian_word: концепция
example: structuralism is a difficult concept
definition: an abstract idea.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnsɛpt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnsɛpt
synonyms:
idea|notion|conception|abstraction|conceptualization|theory|hypothesis|postulation|belief|conviction|opinion|view|image|impression|picture

origin:
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘thought, imagination’): from Latin conceptum ‘something conceived’, from Latin concept- ‘conceived’, from concipere (see conceive).


word: CONCEPTION
russian_word: концепция
example: an unfertilized egg before conception|the time between a product's conception and its launch
synonyms: inception of pregnancy|conceiving|fertilization|impregnation|insemination|fecundation
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin conceptio(n- ), from the verb concipere (see conceive).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛpʃ(ə)n
definition:
the action of conceiving a child or of one being conceived.|the forming or devising of a plan or idea.


word: CONCEPTUS
russian_word: зародыш
definition: the embryo in the uterus, especially during the early stages of pregnancy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɛptəs
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛptəs
origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin, ‘conception, embryo’, from concept- ‘conceived’, from the verb concipere .


word: CONCERN
russian_word: забота
definition: relate to; be about.|make (someone) anxious or worried.
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kənˈsəːn
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːn
example:
the story concerns a friend of mine|the roof of the barn concerns me because eventually it will fall in

synonyms:
be about|deal with|cover|treat|have to do with|discuss|tell of|go into|examine|scrutinize|study|review|analyse|relate to|be connected with|pertain to|appertain to|regard

origin:
late Middle English: from French concerner or late Latin concernere (in medieval Latin ‘be relevant to’), from con- (expressing intensive force) + cernere ‘sift, discern’.


word: CONCERNED
russian_word: обеспокоенный
example: the villagers are concerned about burglaries
definition: worried, troubled, or anxious.
antonyms: unconcerned
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsəːnd
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːnd
synonyms:
worried|anxious|disturbed|perturbed|troubled|bothered|distressed|upset|disquieted|uneasy|ill at ease|apprehensive|agitated|unquiet|solicitous|caring|attentive to|considerate of


word: CONCERNING
russian_word: относительно
example: we are given little information concerning matters of national security
definition: on the subject of or in connection with; about.
part_of_speech: preposition|adjective
phonetic: kənˈsəːnɪŋ
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːnɪŋ
synonyms:
about|regarding|on the subject of|relating to|relevant to|with regard to|as regards|to do with|with reference to|referring to|with respect to|respecting|as to|touching on|in the matter of|in connection with|re|apropos of|anent


word: CONCERT
russian_word: концерт
part_of_speech: noun|verb
example:
a pop concert|critics' inability to describe with any precision and concert the characteristics of literature

definition:
a musical performance given in public, typically by several performers or of several compositions.|agreement or harmony.

synonyms:
musical performance|musical entertainment|show|production|presentation|recital|prom|promenade concert|pop concert|rock concert|gig|jam session

phonetic:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘unite’): from French concerter, from Italian concertare ‘harmonize’. The noun use, dating from the early 17th century (in the sense ‘a combination of voices or sounds’), is from French concert, from Italian concerto, from concertare .


word: CONCERTANTE
russian_word: Концертная
example: he wrote several concertante works|the cantata has a fine violin concertante part
origin: Italian, ‘harmonizing’, from concertare ‘harmonize’.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɒntʃəˈtanteɪ
phonetics_text: ˌkɒntʃəˈtanteɪ|ˌkɒntʃəˈtanti
definition:
denoting a piece of music containing one or more solo parts, typically of less prominence than in a concerto.|denoting prominent instrumental parts present throughout a piece of music, especially in baroque and early classical compositions.


word: CONCERTED
russian_word: согласованный
example: a concerted attempt to preserve religious unity|concerted secular music for voices
antonyms: separate|individual
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsəːtɪd
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːtɪd
definition:
jointly arranged or carried out; coordinated.|(of music) arranged in several parts of equal importance.

synonyms:
joint|united|jointly planned|coordinated|collaborative|collective|combined|cooperative|interactive|synergetic


word: CONCESSION
russian_word: уступка
origin: late Middle English: from Latin concessio(n- ), from the verb concedere (see concede).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛʃ(ə)n
example:
the government was unwilling to make any further concessions|tax concessions|new logging concessions

definition:
a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands.|a preferential allowance or rate given by an organization.|the right to use land or other property for a specified purpose, granted by a government, company, or other controlling body.

synonyms:
compromise|adjustment|modification|allowance|exception|point conceded|point lost|forfeit|something surrendered|sop


word: CONCESSIONAIRE
russian_word: концессионер
origin: mid 19th century: from French concessionnaire, from Latin concessio (see concession).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˌsɛʃəˈnɛː
phonetics_text: kənˌsɛʃəˈnɛː
definition:
the holder of a concession or grant, especially for the use of land or commercial premises or for trading rights.


word: CONCESSIVE
russian_word: уступительный
example: we must look for a more concessive approach
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɛsɪv
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛsɪv
definition:
characterized by or tending to concession.|(of a preposition or conjunction) introducing a phrase or clause denoting a circumstance which might be expected to preclude the action of the main clause, but does not (e.g. in spite of, although ).


word: CONCHA
russian_word: ушная раковина
origin: late 16th century: from Latin (see conch).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkə
definition:
the depression in the external ear leading to its central opening.|any of several thin, scroll-like (turbinate) bones in the sides of the nasal cavity.


word: CONCHIOLIN
russian_word: конхиолин
origin: late 19th century: from Latin concha ‘shell’ + the diminutive suffix -iola + -in1.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒntʃɪə(ʊ)lɪn
phonetics_text: ˈkɒntʃɪə(ʊ)lɪn
definition:
a tough, insoluble protein secreted by molluscs, forming the organic matrix of the shell within which calcium carbonate is deposited.


word: CONCHOID
russian_word: конхоида
origin: early 18th century: from conch + -oid.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkɔɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkɔɪd
definition:
a plane quartic curve consisting of two separate branches either side of and asymptotic to a central straight line (the asymptote), such that if a line is drawn from a fixed point (the pole) to intersect both branches, the part of the line falling between the two branches is of constant length and is exactly bisected by the asymptote.


word: CONCHOIDAL
russian_word: конхоидальный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒŋˈkɔɪd(ə)l
phonetics_text: kɒŋˈkɔɪd(ə)l
definition:
denoting a type of fracture in a solid (such as flint) which results in a smooth rounded surface resembling the shape of a scallop shell.


word: CONCILIAR
russian_word: соборное
example: conciliar decrees
definition: relating to or proceeding from a council, especially an ecclesiastical one.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɪlɪə
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪlɪə
origin:
late 17th century: from medieval Latin consiliarius ‘counsellor’, from Latin concilium (see council).


word: CONCILIATE
russian_word: примирять
example: concessions were made to conciliate the peasantry|the arts which conciliate popularity
definition: stop (someone) being angry or discontented; placate.|gain (esteem or goodwill).
antonyms: provoke
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsɪlɪeɪt
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪlɪeɪt
synonyms:
appease|placate|pacify|mollify|propitiate|assuage|calm down|soothe|humour|reconcile|disarm|win over|make peace with|square someone off|sweeten

origin:
mid 16th century (in conciliate (sense 2)): from Latin conciliat- ‘combined, gained’, from the verb conciliare, from concilium (see council).


word: CONCILIATION
russian_word: примирение
example: he held his hands up in a gesture of conciliation
definition: the action of stopping someone being angry; placation.
antonyms: provocation
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃn
phonetics_text: kənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃn
synonyms:
appeasement|pacification|peacemaking|peacebuilding|placation|propitiation|mollification|reconciliation


word: CONCILIATOR
russian_word: примиритель
example: he was seen as a conciliator, who would heal divisions in the party
definition: a person who acts as a mediator between two disputing people or groups.
antonyms: troublemaker
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɪlɪeɪtə
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪlɪeɪtə
synonyms:
peacemaker|mediator|negotiator|go-between|middleman|intermediary|moderator|broker|honest broker|intervenor|interceder|intercessor|reconciler|pacifier|appeaser|dove


word: CONCILIATORY
russian_word: примирительный
example: a conciliatory approach
definition: intended or likely to placate or pacify.
antonyms: antagonistic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɪlɪətəri
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪlɪətəri
synonyms:
propitiatory|placatory|appeasing|pacifying|pacific|mollifying|peacemaking|peacebuilding|reconciliatory|pacificatory|propitiative|placative|irenic


word: CONCISE
russian_word: краткий
example: a concise account of the country's history
definition: giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive.
antonyms: lengthy|discursive|wordy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsʌɪs
phonetics_text: kənˈsʌɪs
synonyms:
succinct|short|brief|to the point|pithy|incisive|short and sweet|crisp|abridged|condensed|compressed|abbreviated|compact|compendious|potted|thumbnail|in a nutshell|epigrammatic|aphoristic|terse|laconic|sparing|snappy|lapidary

origin:
late 16th century: from French concis or Latin concisus, past participle of concidere ‘cut up, cut down’, from con- ‘completely’ + caedere ‘to cut’.


word: CONCLAVE
russian_word: конклав
definition: a private meeting.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkleɪv
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkleɪv
synonyms:
(private) meeting|gathering|assembly|conference|convention|convocation|council|session|summit|forgathering|parley|powwow|get-together

origin:
late Middle English (denoting a private room): via French from Latin conclave ‘lockable room’, from con- ‘with’ + clavis ‘key’.


word: CONCLUDE
russian_word: заключать
example: they conclude their study with these words|the doctors concluded that Esther had suffered a stroke
definition: bring or come to an end.|arrive at a judgement or opinion by reasoning.
antonyms: start|begin|commence|open
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈkluːd
phonetics_text: kənˈkluːd
synonyms:
finish|end|come to an end|draw to a close|wind up|be over|stop|terminate|close|cease|culminate|bring to an end|bring to a close|dissolve|round off|wrap up|put a period to

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘convince’): from Latin concludere, from con- ‘completely’ + claudere ‘to shut’.


word: CONCLUSION
russian_word: вывод
example: the conclusion of World War Two|each research group came to a similar conclusion
definition: the end or finish of an event, process, or text.|a judgement or decision reached by reasoning.
antonyms: beginning|start
origin: late Middle English: from Latin conclusio(n- ), from the verb concludere (see conclude).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n
synonyms:
end|ending|finish|close|closure|termination|wind-up|cessation|culmination|finale|denouement|coda|peroration|epilogue


word: CONCLUSIVE
russian_word: окончательный
example: conclusive evidence
definition: (of evidence or argument) having or likely to have the effect of proving a case; decisive.
antonyms: inconclusive|unconvincing
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈkluːsɪv
phonetics_text: kənˈkluːsɪv
synonyms:
incontrovertible|incontestable|irrefutable|unquestionable|undeniable|indisputable|unassailable|beyond dispute|beyond question|beyond doubt|beyond a shadow of a doubt|certain|decisive|convincing|clinching|definitive|definite|positive|final|ultimate|categorical|demonstrative|unequivocal|unarguable|unanswerable|uncontroversial|airtight|watertight

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘summing up’): from late Latin conclusivus, from Latin conclus- ‘closed up’, from the verb concludere (see conclusion).


word: CONCOCT
russian_word: состряпать
example: she began to concoct a dinner likely to appeal to him
definition: make (a dish or meal) by combining various ingredients.
synonyms: prepare|make|put together|assemble|cook|fix|rustle up|knock up
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈkɒkt
phonetics_text: kənˈkɒkt
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin concoct-, literally ‘cooked together’, from concoquere . The original sense was ‘refine metals or minerals by heating’, later ‘cook’.


word: CONCOMITANT
russian_word: сопутствующий
example: she loved travel, with all its concomitant worries
definition: naturally accompanying or associated.
antonyms: unrelated
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kənˈkɒmɪt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈkɒmɪt(ə)nt
synonyms:
attendant|accompanying|associated|collateral|related|connected|linked|accessory|auxiliary|resultant|resulting|consequent

origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin concomitant- ‘accompanying’, from concomitari, from con- ‘together with’ + comitari, from Latin comes ‘companion’.


word: CONCORD
russian_word: согласие
example: a pact of peace and concord
antonyms: disagreement|discord
synonyms: agreement|harmony|accord|consensus|concurrence|unity|unanimity|unison|oneness|concert
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkɔːd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkɔːd
definition:
agreement or harmony between people or groups.|agreement between words in gender, number, case, person, or any other grammatical category which affects the forms of the words.|a chord that is pleasing or satisfactory in itself.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French concorde, from Latin concordia, from concors ‘of one mind’, from con- ‘together’ + cor, cord- ‘heart’.


word: CONCOURSE
russian_word: стечение
example: a station concourse|a vast concourse of onlookers
definition: a large open area inside or in front of a public building.|a crowd or assembly of people.
synonyms: entrance|foyer|lobby|hall|piazza|plaza
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkɔːs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkɔːs
origin:
late Middle English (in concourse (sense 2)): from Old French concours, from Latin concursus, from concurs- ‘run together, met’, from the verb concurrere (see concur). concourse (sense 1) (originally US) dates from the mid 19th century.


word: CONCRESCENCE
russian_word: сращение
definition: the coalescence or growing together of parts originally separate.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈkrɛs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: kənˈkrɛs(ə)ns
origin:
early 17th century (in the senses ‘growth by assimilation’ and ‘a concretion’): from con- ‘together’ + -crescence, on the pattern of words such as excrescence . The current sense dates from the late 19th century.


word: CONCRETE
russian_word: бетон
example: concrete objects like stones
definition: existing in a material or physical form; not abstract.
antonyms: abstract|theoretical|imaginary
synonyms: solid|material|real|physical|tangible|touchable|tactile|palpable|visible|existing
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘solidified’): from French concret or Latin concretus, past participle of concrescere ‘grow together’. Early use was also as a grammatical term designating a quality belonging to a substance (usually expressed by an adjective such as white in white paper ) as opposed to the quality itself (expressed by an abstract noun such as whiteness ); later concrete came to be used to refer to nouns embodying attributes (e.g. fool, hero ), as opposed to the attributes themselves (e.g. foolishness, heroism ), and this is the basis of the modern use as the opposite of ‘abstract’. The noun sense ‘building material’ dates from the mid 19th century.


word: CONCUPISCENCE
russian_word: похотливость
example: St Anthony's battle with concupiscence
definition: strong sexual desire; lust.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈkjuːpɪs(ə)ns
phonetics_text: kənˈkjuːpɪs(ə)ns
synonyms:
sexual desire|lust|lustfulness|sexual appetite|sexual longing|sexual passion|ardour|desire|passion|libido|sex drive|sexuality|biological urge|lechery|lecherousness|lasciviousness|lewdness|wantonness|carnality|licentiousness|salaciousness|prurience|horniness|raunchiness|the hots|randiness|the horn|salacity|nympholepsy

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from late Latin concupiscentia, from Latin concupiscent- ‘beginning to desire’, from the verb concupiscere, from con- (expressing intensive force) + cupere ‘to desire’.


word: CONCUR
russian_word: совпадать
definition: be of the same opinion; agree.|happen or occur at the same time; coincide.
antonyms: disagree
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈkəː
phonetics_text: kənˈkəː
example:
the authors concurred with the majority|in tests, cytogenetic determination has been found to concur with enzymatic determination

synonyms:
agree|be in agreement|be in accord|be in accordance|accord|go along|fall in|be in harmony|be in sympathy|see eye to eye|be of the same mind|be of the same opinion

origin:
late Middle English (also in the senses ‘collide’ and ‘act in combination’): from Latin concurrere ‘run together, assemble in crowds’, from con- ‘together with’ + currere ‘to run’.


word: CONCURRENT
russian_word: параллельный
example: there are three concurrent art fairs around the city
definition: existing, happening, or done at the same time.|agreeing or consistent.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈkʌr(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈkʌr(ə)nt
synonyms:
simultaneous|coincident|coinciding|contemporaneous|synchronous|parallel|side by side|coexisting|coexistent

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin concurrent- ‘running together, meeting’, from the verb concurrere (see concur).


word: CONCUSSION
russian_word: сотрясение мозга
example: he was carried off the pitch with concussion|the ground shuddered with the concussion of the blast
synonyms: temporary unconsciousness|bang on the head|mild cranial trauma
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈkʌʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈkʌʃ(ə)n
definition:
temporary unconsciousness or confusion caused by a blow on the head.|a violent shock as from a heavy blow.

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin concussio(n- ), from the verb concutere ‘dash together, shake’ (see concuss).


word: CONDEMN
russian_word: осуждать
example: most leaders roundly condemned the attack|the rebels had been condemned to death
antonyms: praise|commend
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈdɛm
phonetics_text: kənˈdɛm
definition:
express complete disapproval of; censure.|sentence (someone) to a particular punishment, especially death.

synonyms:
censure|criticize|castigate|attack|denounce|deplore|decry|revile|inveigh against|blame|chastise|berate|upbraid|reprimand|rebuke|reprove|reprehend|take to task|find fault with|deprecate|disparage|slam|hammer|lay into|cane|blast|slate|slag off|have a go at|slash|reprobate|excoriate|vituperate|arraign|objurgate|anathematize

origin:
Middle English (in condemn (sense 2)): from Old French condemner, from Latin condemnare, from con- (expressing intensive force) + damnare ‘inflict loss on’ (see damn).


word: CONDEMNATION
russian_word: осуждение
example: there was strong international condemnation of the attack
antonyms: praise|plaudits
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒndəmˈneɪʃn
phonetics_text: ˌkɒndəmˈneɪʃn
definition:
the expression of very strong disapproval; censure.|the action of condemning someone to a punishment; sentencing.

synonyms:
censure|criticism|castigation|stricture|denunciation|damnation|vilification|opprobrium|reproof|disapproval|disapprobation|flak|a bad press|reprobation|arraignment|excoriation|objurgation


word: CONDEMNATORY
russian_word: осуждающий
example: condemnatory statements
definition: expressing strong disapproval; censorious.
antonyms: complimentary|approving
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɒndəmˈneɪt(ə)ri
phonetics_text: ˌkɒndəmˈneɪt(ə)ri
synonyms:
censorious|critical|damning|damnatory|condemning|censuring|castigatory|fault-finding|denunciatory|vituperative|withering|reproving|reproachful|deprecatory|disapproving|unfavourable|reprobative|reprobatory


word: CONDENSATION
russian_word: конденсация
synonyms: moisture|water droplets|steam
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒndɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒndɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the inside of the cab steamed up with condensation|the cloud is caused by condensation in the air|a readable condensation of the recent literature

definition:
water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.|the conversion of a vapour or gas to a liquid.|a concise version of something, especially a text.

origin:
early 17th century: from late Latin condensatio(n- ), from condensare ‘press close together’ (see condense).


word: CONDENSE
russian_word: конденсироваться
antonyms: vaporize|gasify
synonyms: precipitate|liquefy|become liquid|deliquesce|liquidize
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈdɛns
phonetics_text: kənˈdɛns
example:
the morning play on Saturday was condensed into a half-hour package|the moisture vapour in the air condenses into droplets of water

definition:
make (something) denser or more concentrated.|change or cause to change from a gas or vapour to a liquid.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French condenser or Latin condensare, from condensus ‘very thick’, from con- ‘completely’ + densus ‘dense’.


word: CONDENSER
russian_word: конденсатор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈdɛnsə
phonetics_text: kənˈdɛnsə
definition:
an apparatus or container for condensing vapour.|a lens or system of lenses for collecting and directing light.|another term for capacitor.


word: CONDESCEND
russian_word: снисходить
example: take care not to condescend to your reader
definition: show that one feels superior; be patronizing.
antonyms: respect
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kɒndɪˈsɛnd
phonetics_text: kɒndɪˈsɛnd
synonyms:
patronize|treat condescendingly|speak condescendingly to|speak haughtily to|talk down to|look down one's nose at|look down on|put down|be snobbish to

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘give way, defer’): from Old French condescendre, from ecclesiastical Latin condescendere, from con- ‘together’ + descendere ‘descend’.


word: CONDESCENDING
russian_word: снисходительно
example: she thought the teachers were arrogant and condescending
definition: having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority.
antonyms: respectful
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ
phonetics_text: kɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ
synonyms:
patronizing|supercilious|superior|snobbish|snobby|scornful|disdainful|lofty|lordly|haughty|imperious|snooty|snotty|stuck-up|toffee-nosed


word: CONDESCENSION
russian_word: снисхождение
example: a tone of condescension
definition: an attitude of patronizing superiority; disdain.
antonyms: respect
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnʃn
phonetics_text: ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnʃn
synonyms:
superciliousness|superiority|scorn|disdain|loftiness|airs|lordliness|haughtiness|imperiousness|snobbishness|snobbery|snootiness|snottiness|patronization


word: CONDITION
russian_word: состояние
synonyms: state|shape|order|nick
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the wiring is in good condition|harsh working conditions|for a member to borrow money, three conditions have to be met

definition:
the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order.|the circumstances or factors affecting the way in which people live or work, especially with regard to their well-being.|a situation that must exist before something else is possible or permitted.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French condicion (noun), condicionner (verb), from Latin condicio(n- ) ‘agreement’, from condicere ‘agree upon’, from con- ‘with’ + dicere ‘say’.


word: CONDITIONAL
russian_word: условный
example: the consortium have made a conditional offer
antonyms: unconditional|absolute
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
subject to one or more conditions or requirements being met.|(of a clause, phrase, conjunction, or verb form) expressing a condition.

synonyms:
subject to|dependent on|depending on|contingent on|hingeing on|resting on|hanging on|based on|determined by|controlled by|tied to|bound up with|contingent|dependent|qualified|with conditions (attached)|with reservations|limited|restrictive|provisional|stipulatory|provisory


word: CONDITIONALITY
russian_word: обусловленность
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəndɪʃ(ə)ˈnalɪti
phonetics_text: kəndɪʃ(ə)ˈnalɪti
example:
the granting of any required financial assistance will be made subject to strict conditionality|there are distinct morphological markings available to signal conditionality

definition:
the quality of being subject to one or more conditions or requirements being met.|the quality of a clause, phrase, etc. expressing a condition.


word: CONDOM
russian_word: презерватив
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒndəm
phonetics_text: ˈkɒndəm
definition:
a thin rubber sheath worn on a man's penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a protection against infection.

synonyms:
contraceptive|sheath|protection|female condom|prophylactic|Durex|Femidom|johnny|rubber|safe|safety|skin|protective|French letter|Frenchy|something for the weekend

origin:
early 18th century: of unknown origin; often said to be named after a physician who invented it, but no such person has been traced.


word: CONDONE
russian_word: мириться
example: the college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs
definition: accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive).
antonyms: condemn|punish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈdəʊn
phonetics_text: kənˈdəʊn
synonyms:
deliberately ignore|not take into consideration|disregard|take no notice of|take no account of|accept|allow|make allowances for|let pass|turn a blind eye to|overlook|forget|wink at|blink at|connive at|forgive|pardon|excuse|let someone off with|let go|sink|bury|let bygones be bygones|let something ride

origin:
mid 19th century: from Latin condonare ‘refrain from punishing’, from con- ‘altogether’ + donare ‘give’.


word: CONDOR
russian_word: кондор
origin: early 17th century: from Spanish cóndor, from Quechua kuntur .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒndɔː
phonetics_text: ˈkɒndɔː
definition:
a very large New World vulture with a bare head and mainly black plumage, living in mountainous country and spending much time soaring on massive outstretched wings.


word: CONDUCIVE
russian_word: способствующий
example: the harsh lights and cameras were hardly conducive to a relaxed atmosphere
definition: making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible.
antonyms: unfavourable
origin: mid 17th century: from conduce, on the pattern of words such as conductive .
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈdjuːsɪv
phonetics_text: kənˈdjuːsɪv
synonyms:
good for|helpful to|instrumental in|calculated to produce|productive of|useful for|favourable|beneficial|valuable|advantageous|opportune|propitious|encouraging|promising|convenient|contribute to|lead to|tend to promote|make for|facilitate|favour|aid|assist|help|benefit|encourage


word: CONDUCT
russian_word: поведение
example: they were arrested for disorderly conduct|the conduct of the elections
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
the manner in which a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation.|the manner in which an organization or activity is managed or directed.

synonyms:
behaviour|way of behaving|performance|comportment|demeanour|bearing|deportment|actions|acts|activities|deeds|doings|handiwork|exploits|ways|habits|practices|manners

phonetic:
Middle English: from Old French, from Latin conduct- ‘brought together’, from the verb conducere . The term originally denoted a provision for safe passage, surviving in safe conduct; later the verb sense ‘lead, guide’ arose, hence ‘manage’ and ‘management’ (late Middle English), later ‘management of oneself, behaviour’ (mid 16th century). The original form of the word was conduit, which was preserved only in the sense ‘channel’ (see conduit); in other uses the spelling was influenced by Latin.


word: CONDUIT
russian_word: трубопровод
definition: a channel for conveying water or other fluid.|a tube or trough for protecting electric wiring.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒndjʊɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒndjʊɪt|ˈkɒndɪt
example:
nearby springs supplied the conduit which ran into the brewery|the gas pipe should not be close to any electrical conduit

synonyms:
channel|duct|pipe|tube|gutter|groove|furrow|trough|trench|culvert|cut|sluice|spillway|race|flume|chute|ditch|drain

origin:
Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin conductus, from Latin conducere ‘bring together’ (see conduct).


word: CONDYLOMA
russian_word: кондилома
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek kondulōma ‘callous lump’, from kondulos ‘knuckle’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒndɪˈləʊmə
phonetics_text: ˌkɒndɪˈləʊmə
definition:
a raised growth on the skin resembling a wart, typically in the genital region, caused by viral infection or syphilis and transmissible by contact.


word: CONFECT
russian_word: изготовлять сладости
example: a trifle confected from angelica and piped cream
definition: make (something elaborate or dainty) from various elements.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfɛkt
phonetics_text: kənˈfɛkt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin confect- ‘put together’, from the verb conficere, from con- ‘together’ + facere ‘make’.


word: CONFEDERACY
russian_word: конфедерация
example: the Italian confederacy known as the Lombard League
definition: a league or alliance, especially of confederate states.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈfɛd(ə)rəsi
phonetics_text: kənˈfɛd(ə)rəsi
synonyms:
federation|confederation|alliance|league|association|coalition|combine|consortium|conglomerate|cooperative|partnership|syndicate|compact|band|group|circle|ring|bloc|axis|society|union|guild|fellowship|consociation|sodality

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French confederacie, based on Latin confoederare ‘join together in league’ (see confederation).


word: CONFEDERATE
russian_word: сообщник
example: some local groups united to form confederate councils
definition: joined by an agreement or treaty.
antonyms: split
part_of_speech: adjective|noun|verb
synonyms:
federal|confederated|federated|allied|in alliance|in league|cooperating|associated|united|combined|amalgamated

phonetic:
late Middle English: from late (ecclesiastical) Latin confoederatus, from con- ‘together’ + foederatus (see federate).


word: CONFEDERATION
russian_word: конфедерация
example: a confederation of trade unions
definition: an organization which consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənfɛdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənfɛdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
alliance|league|confederacy|federation|association|coalition|combine|consortium|affiliation|conglomerate|cooperative|partnership|fellowship|syndicate|compact|band|group|circle|ring|society|union|consociation|sodality

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French confederacion or late Latin confederatio(n- ), from Latin confoederare, from con- ‘together’ + foederare ‘join in league with’ (from foedus ‘league, treaty’).


word: CONFER
russian_word: совещаться
definition: grant (a title, degree, benefit, or right).|have discussions; exchange opinions.
antonyms: withhold|remove
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfəː
phonetics_text: kənˈfəː
example:
the Minister may have exceeded the powers conferred on him by Parliament|the officials were conferring with allies

synonyms:
bestow on|present with/to|grant to|award to|decorate with|honour with|give to|give out to|gift with|endow with|vest in|hand out to|extend to|vouchsafe to|accord to

origin:
late Middle English (in the general sense ‘bring together’, also in confer (sense 2)): from Latin conferre, from con- ‘together’ + ferre ‘bring’.


word: CONFERENCE
russian_word: конференция
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: ˈkɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns
example:
an international conference on the environment|an international authority or, if that was not possible, a regional operators' conference

definition:
a formal meeting of people with a shared interest, typically one that takes place over several days.|a commercial association for the regulation of an area of activity or the exchange of information.

synonyms:
congress|meeting|convention|seminar|colloquium|symposium|forum|convocation|summit|synod|conclave|consultation|awayday

origin:
early 16th century (in the general sense ‘conversation, talk’): from French conférence or medieval Latin conferentia, from Latin conferre ‘bring together’ (see confer).


word: CONFESS
russian_word: исповедовать
example: he confessed that he had attacked the old man
definition: admit that one has committed a crime or done something wrong.
antonyms: conceal|deny
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfɛs
phonetics_text: kənˈfɛs
synonyms:
admit|acknowledge|reveal|make known|disclose|divulge|make public|avow|declare|blurt out|profess|own up to|tell all about|bring into the open|bring to light|blow the lid off|discover|own up|admit guilt|plead guilty|accept blame/responsibility|be completely honest|tell the truth|tell all|make a clean breast of it|unbosom oneself|come clean|fess up|spill the beans|let the cat out of the bag|get something off one's chest|let on|cough

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French confesser, from Latin confessus, past participle of confiteri ‘acknowledge’, from con- (expressing intensive force) + fateri ‘declare, avow’.


word: CONFESSION
russian_word: признание
example: he signed a confession to both the murders|a Protestant confession of faith
antonyms: concealment|denial
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈfɛʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈfɛʃ(ə)n
definition:
a formal statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime.|a statement setting out essential religious doctrine.

synonyms:
admission|owning up|acknowledgement|profession|revelation|disclosure|divulgence|exposure|avowal|unbosoming

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin confessio(n- ), from confiteri ‘acknowledge’ (see confess).


word: CONFIDANT
russian_word: доверенное лицо
example: a close confidante of the princess
definition: a person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it to others.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnfɪdant
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnfɪdant|ˌkɒnfɪˈdant|ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt
synonyms:
close friend|bosom friend|best friend|close associate|companion|crony|intimate|familiar|second self|mentor|adviser|counsellor|alter ego|consigliere|chum|pal|buddy|main man|mate|oppo|mucker|bezzie|fidus Achates

origin:
mid 17th century: alteration of confident (as a noun in the same sense in the early 17th century), probably to represent the pronunciation of French confidente ‘having full trust’.


word: CONFIDE
russian_word: доверять
example: he confided his fears to his mother
definition: tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it to others.
antonyms: keep from
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfʌɪd
phonetics_text: kənˈfʌɪd
synonyms:
reveal|disclose|divulge|leak|lay bare|make known|betray|impart|pass on|proclaim|announce|report|declare|intimate|uncover|unmask|expose|bring out into the open|unfold|vouchsafe|tell|confess|admit|let slip|let out|let drop|let fall|blurt out|babble|give away|blab|spill|discover

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘place trust (in’)): from Latin confidere ‘have full trust’. The sense ‘impart as a secret’ dates from the mid 18th century.


word: CONFIDENCE
russian_word: уверенность
example: we had every confidence in the staff|someone with whom you may raise your suspicions in confidence
antonyms: distrust|scepticism
synonyms: trust|belief|faith|credence|conviction|reliance|dependence
origin: late Middle English: from Latin confidentia, from confidere ‘have full trust’ (see confident).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns
definition:
the feeling or belief that one can have faith in or rely on someone or something.|the telling of private matters or secrets with mutual trust.


word: CONFIDENT
russian_word: уверенный
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt
example:
we require outgoing, confident people able to approach large groups|this time they're confident of a happy ending

definition:
feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one's abilities or qualities.|feeling or showing certainty about something.

synonyms:
self-assured|assured|sure of oneself|self-confident|positive|assertive|self-assertive|self-possessed|believing in oneself|self-reliant|poised|filled with aplomb|cool|cool-headed|calm|collected|and collected|phlegmatic|level-headed|composed|nonchalant|unperturbed|imperturbable|unruffled|impassive|serene|tranquil|relaxed|at ease|unflappable|together|unfazed|laid-back|nonplussed|equanimous

origin:
late 16th century: from French confident(e ), from Italian confidente, from Latin confident- ‘having full trust’, from the verb confidere, from con- (expressing intensive force) + fidere ‘trust’.


word: CONFIDENTIAL
russian_word: конфиденциальный
example: confidential information
definition: intended to be kept secret.
antonyms: public|on the record
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒnfɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: kɒnfɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l
synonyms:
private|personal|intimate|privileged|quiet|secret|top secret|sensitive|classified|restricted|non-public|unofficial|off the record|not for publication|not for circulation|not to be made public|not to be disclosed|under wraps|unrevealed|undisclosed|unpublished|sub rosa|hush-hush|mum|privy


word: CONFIDENTIALLY
russian_word: конфиденциально
example: all queries will be treated confidentially
definition: in a way that is intended to be private or secret; privately.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˌkɒnfɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)li
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnfɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)li
synonyms:
privately|in private|in confidence|off the record|quietly|secretly|in secret|behind closed doors|in camera|sub rosa|privily


word: CONFIGURATION
russian_word: конфигурация
example: the unrepeatable configuration of the stars at the moment of your birth
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form, figure, or combination.|another term for gestalt.

synonyms:
arrangement|layout|geography|design|organization|order|ordering|array|presentation|grouping|sorting|positioning|disposition|marshalling|ranging|alignment|shape|form|appearance|formation|structure|format|contours|lines|outline|silhouette|profile|cut|pattern|mould

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting the relative position of celestial objects): from late Latin configuratio(n- ), from Latin configurare ‘shape after a pattern’ (see configure).


word: CONFINE
russian_word: ограничивать
example: he does not confine his message to high politics
definition: keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of (space, scope, or time).
antonyms: release
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
enclose|incarcerate|imprison|intern|impound|hold captive|trap|shut in/up|keep|pen in/up|cage|lock in/up|coop (up)|box up/in|immure|mew up|fence in|hedge in|hurdle|rail in|wall in/up|encircle|surround|ring|encompass|hem in|close in|kettle|corral|gird|compass|restrict|limit|keep within the limits of|not allow to go beyond

phonetic:
late Middle English (as a noun): from French confins (plural noun), from Latin confinia, from confinis ‘bordering’, from con- ‘together’ + finis ‘end, limit’ (plural fines ‘territory’). The verb senses are from French confiner, based on Latin confinis .


word: CONFINED
russian_word: ограниченный
example: her fear of confined spaces
definition: (of a space) restricted in area or volume; cramped.
antonyms: open|roomy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈfʌɪnd
phonetics_text: kənˈfʌɪnd
synonyms:
cramped|constricted|restricted|limited|confining|small|narrow|compact|tight|pinched|squeezed|poky|uncomfortable|inadequate|meagre|strait|incommodious|exiguous|incapacious


word: CONFINEMENT
russian_word: лишение свободы
definition: the action of confining or state of being confined.|the condition of being in childbirth.
antonyms: liberty
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈfʌɪnmənt
phonetics_text: kənˈfʌɪnmənt
example:
he was immediately released from his confinement|the pros and cons of home versus hospital confinement

synonyms:
imprisonment|internment|incarceration|custody|captivity|detention|restraint|arrest|house arrest|thraldom|thrall|duress|durance|penning|caging|locking up|walling in/up|enclosure|encirclement|surrounding|encompassment|quarantine|corralling|immurement


word: CONFIRM
russian_word: подтверждать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfəːm
phonetics_text: kənˈfəːm
example:
if these fears are confirmed, the outlook for the economy will be dire|he had been baptized and confirmed

definition:
establish the truth or correctness of (something previously believed or suspected to be the case).|administer the religious rite of confirmation to.

origin:
Middle English: from Old French confermer, from Latin confirmare, from con- ‘together’ + firmare ‘strengthen’ (from firmus ‘firm’).


word: CONFIRMATION
russian_word: подтверждение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
high unemployment figures were further confirmation that the economy was in recession|the kind of joy mixed with tears one finds at weddings and confirmations

definition:
the action of confirming something or the state of being confirmed.|(in the Christian Church) the rite at which a baptized person, especially one baptized as an infant, affirms Christian belief and is admitted as a full member of the Church.

synonyms:
corroboration|verification|proof|testimony|endorsement|authentication|substantiation|justification|vindication|support|evidence|ratification|approval|authorization|validation|sanction|formalization|certification|accreditation|recognition|acceptance|agreement to|consent to

origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin confirmatio(n- ), from confirmare ‘make firm, establish’ (see confirm).


word: CONFIRMED
russian_word: подтвержденный
example: a confirmed bachelor
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈfəːmd
phonetics_text: kənˈfəːmd
definition:
(of a person) firmly established in a particular habit, belief, or way of life and unlikely to change their ways.

synonyms:
established|long-established|long-standing|firm|committed|dyed-in-the-wool|through and through|seasoned|hardened|settled|set|fixed|rooted|staunch|loyal|faithful|devoted|dedicated|stalwart|steadfast|habitual|compulsive|obsessive|persistent|unapologetic|unashamed|incorrigible|irredeemable|unreformable|impenitent|inveterate|chronic|incurable|deep-dyed|card-carrying


word: CONFISCATE
russian_word: конфисковать
example: the guards confiscated his camera
definition: take or seize (someone's property) with authority.
antonyms: return
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt
synonyms:
impound|seize|commandeer|requisition|appropriate|expropriate|take possession of|sequester|sequestrate|take away|take over|take|annex|distrain|attach|disseize|poind

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin confiscat- ‘put away in a chest, consigned to the public treasury’, from the verb confiscare, based on con- ‘together’ + fiscus ‘chest, treasury’.


word: CONFISCATION
russian_word: конфискация
example: a court ordered the confiscation of her property
definition: the action of taking or seizing someone's property with authority; seizure.
antonyms: return
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒnfɪˈskeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnfɪˈskeɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
seizure|impounding|commandeering|requisition|requisitioning|appropriation|expropriation|sequestration|taking away|annexation|forfeiture|distraint|distrainment|attachment|disseisin|poind|poinding


word: CONFLAGRATION
russian_word: пожарище
example: tinder-dry conditions sparked fears of a conflagration in many drought-devastated communities
definition: an extensive fire which destroys a great deal of land or property.
synonyms: fire|blaze|flames|inferno|firestorm|holocaust
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n
origin:
late 15th century (denoting consumption by fire): from Latin conflagratio(n- ), from the verb conflagrare, from con- (expressing intensive force) + flagrare ‘to blaze’.


word: CONFLICT
russian_word: конфликт
example: the eternal conflict between the sexes
definition: a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
antonyms: agreement
part_of_speech: noun|verb
synonyms:
dispute|quarrel|squabble|disagreement|difference of opinion|dissension|discord|friction|strife|antagonism|antipathy|ill will|bad blood|hostility|falling-out|disputation|contention|clash|altercation|shouting match|exchange|war of words|tussle|fracas|affray|wrangle|tangle|passage of/at arms|battle royal|feud|schism

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin conflict- ‘struck together, fought’, from the verb confligere, from con- ‘together’ + fligere ‘to strike’; the noun is via Latin conflictus ‘a contest’.


word: CONFLUENCE
russian_word: слияние
example: the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss
definition: the junction of two rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width.
synonyms: convergence|meeting|junction|joining|conflux|watersmeet|sangam
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnflʊəns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnflʊəns
origin:
late Middle English: from late Latin confluentia, from Latin confluere ‘flow together’ (see confluent).


word: CONFORM
russian_word: соответствовать
example: the kitchen does not conform to hygiene regulations
definition: comply with rules, standards, or laws.
antonyms: flout
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfɔːm
phonetics_text: kənˈfɔːm
synonyms:
comply with|abide by|obey|observe|follow|keep to|hold to|adhere to|satisfy|match up to|meet|fulfil|be in accordance with|stick to|stand by|act in accordance with|uphold|heed|pay attention to|agree to/with|consent to|accede to|accept|acquiesce in|go along with|fall in with|adapt to|accommodate to|adjust to|acknowledge|respect|defer to

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘make (something) like another thing’): from Old French conformer, from Latin conformare, from con- ‘together’ + formare ‘to form’.


word: CONFORMAL
russian_word: конформный
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈfɔːm(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈfɔːm(ə)l
definition:
(of a map or a mathematical mapping) preserving the correct angles between directions within small areas (though distorting distances).

origin:
mid 17th century (in the sense ‘conformable’): from late Latin conformalis, from con- ‘together’ + formalis ‘formal’. The current sense was coined in German.


word: CONFORMIST
russian_word: конформист
example: organizations where employees are loyal without being unthinking conformists
definition: a person who conforms to accepted behaviour or established practices.
antonyms: eccentric|rebel
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: kənˈfɔːmɪst
phonetics_text: kənˈfɔːmɪst
synonyms:
conventionalist|traditionalist|orthodox person|conservative|bourgeois|(old) fogey|stickler|formalist|diehard|reactionary|crawler|truckler|kowtower|groveller|puppet|spaniel|stick-in-the-mud|stuffed shirt|yes-man


word: CONFORMITY
russian_word: соответствие
example: conformity to regulations
definition: compliance with standards, rules, or laws.
antonyms: flouting
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈfɔːmɪti
phonetics_text: kənˈfɔːmɪti
synonyms:
compliance with|adherence to|accordance with|observance of|observation of|obedience to|acquiescence in|respect for|adaptation to|adjustment to|accommodation to|abidance by

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French conformite or late Latin conformitas, from conformare ‘to form, fashion’ (see conform).


word: CONFOUND
russian_word: смешивать
part_of_speech: verb|exclamation
phonetic: kənˈfaʊnd
phonetics_text: kənˈfaʊnd
example:
the inflation figure confounded economic analysts|he was forever confounding managerialism with idealism

definition:
cause surprise or confusion in (someone), especially by not according with their expectations.|mix up (something) with something else.

synonyms:
amaze|astonish|dumbfound|stagger|surprise|startle|stun|stupefy|daze|nonplus|throw|shake|unnerve|disconcert|discompose|dismay|bewilder|set someone thinking|baffle|mystify|bemuse|perplex|puzzle|confuse|take someone's breath away|take by surprise|take aback|shake up|stop someone in their tracks|strike dumb|leave open-mouthed|leave aghast|catch off balance|buffalo|flabbergast|floor|knock for six|knock sideways|knock out|bowl over|blow someone's mind|blow away|flummox|discombobulate|faze|stump|beat|fox|be all Greek to|fog|wilder|gravel|maze|cause to be at a stand|distract|pose|obfuscate

origin:
Middle English: from Old French confondre, from Latin confundere ‘pour together, mix up’. Compare with confuse.


word: CONFRATERNITY
russian_word: братство
definition: a brotherhood, especially with a religious or charitable purpose.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnfrəˈtəːnɪti
phonetics_text: kɒnfrəˈtəːnɪti
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French confraternite, from medieval Latin confraternitas, from confrater (see confrère).


word: CONFRONT
russian_word: противостоять
example: he confronted the robbers as they were trying to leave
definition: come face to face with (someone) with hostile or argumentative intent.
antonyms: avoid
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfrʌnt
phonetics_text: kənˈfrʌnt
synonyms:
challenge|square up to|oppose|resist|defy|beard|tackle|attack|assault|approach|face up to|face|meet|come face to face with|stand up to|brave|detain|accost|waylay|take aside|stop|halt|collar|nobble

origin:
mid 16th century: from French confronter, from medieval Latin confrontare, from Latin con- ‘with’ + frons, front- ‘face’.


word: CONFRONTATION
russian_word: конфронтация
example: a confrontation with the legislature
definition: a hostile or argumentative situation or meeting between opposing parties.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn
synonyms:
conflict|clash|brush|fight|battle|contest|encounter|head-to-head|face-off|engagement|tangle|skirmish|collision|meeting|duel|incident|high noon|hostilities|fighting|warring|set-to|run-in|dust-up|shindig|shindy|showdown|afters|rencounter


word: CONFUSE
russian_word: спутать
example: past and present blurred together, confusing her still further
definition: make (someone) bewildered or perplexed.
antonyms: enlighten|clear
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfjuːz
phonetics_text: kənˈfjuːz
synonyms:
bewilder|baffle|mystify|bemuse|perplex|puzzle|confound|befog|nonplus|disconcert|throw|set someone thinking|flummox|discombobulate|confusticate|faze|stump|beat|fox|floor|fog|buffalo|wilder|gravel|maze|cause to be at a stand|distract|pose|obfuscate|bewildering|baffling|difficult (to understand)|unclear|perplexing|puzzling|mystifying|mysterious|disconcerting|ambiguous|misleading|inconsistent|contradictory|unaccountable|inexplicable|impenetrable|unfathomable|above one's head|beyond one|complex|complicated|involved|intricate|convoluted|labyrinthine|Byzantine|wildering

origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘rout, bring to ruin’): from Old French confus, from Latin confusus, past participle of confundere ‘mingle together’ (see confound). Originally all senses of the verb were passive, and therefore appeared only as the past participle confused ; the active voice occurred rarely until the 19th century when it began to replace confound .


word: CONFUSED
russian_word: смущенный
example: she was utterly confused about what had happened|the confused information supplied by authorities
definition: (of a person) unable to think clearly; bewildered.|lacking order and so difficult to understand.
antonyms: lucid|precise
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈfjuːzd
phonetics_text: kənˈfjuːzd
synonyms:
demented|bewildered|muddled|addled|befuddled|disoriented|disorientated|(all) at sea|unbalanced|unhinged|senile|with Alzheimer's disease|vague|unclear|indistinct|imprecise|blurred|nebulous|hazy|woolly|foggy|shadowy|dim|imperfect|sketchy|obscure|remote


word: CONFUSION
russian_word: путаница
example: there seems to be some confusion about which system does what|she looked about her in confusion
antonyms: certainty
origin: Middle English: from Latin confusio(n- ), from the verb confundere ‘mingle together’ (see confuse).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈfjuːʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈfjuːʒ(ə)n
definition:
uncertainty about what is happening, intended, or required.|the state of being bewildered or unclear in one's mind about something.

synonyms:
uncertainty|lack of certainty|unsureness|indecision|hesitation|hesitancy|scepticism|doubt|ignorance|dubiety|incertitude


word: CONFUTE
russian_word: опровергать
example: restorers who sought to confute this view were accused of ignorance
definition: prove (a person or an assertion or accusation) to be wrong.
antonyms: prove
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈfjuːt
phonetics_text: kənˈfjuːt
synonyms:
disprove|show/prove to be false|contradict|negate|deny|refute|rebut|gainsay|belie|give the lie to|invalidate|explode|discredit|expose|debunk|quash|knock the bottom out of|shoot full of holes|shoot down (in flames)|controvert|negative

origin:
early 16th century: from Latin confutare ‘restrain, answer conclusively’, from con- ‘altogether’ + the base of refutare ‘refute’.


word: CONGEAL
russian_word: застывать
example: the blood had congealed into blobs
definition: become semi-solid, especially on cooling.
antonyms: soften|liquefy
synonyms: coagulate|clot|cake|set|solidify|harden|thicken|stiffen|dry|gel|concentrate|fix|inspissate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈdʒiːl
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒiːl
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French congeler, from Latin congelare, from con- ‘together’ + gelare ‘freeze’ (from gelu ‘frost’).


word: CONGENIAL
russian_word: благоприятный
example: his need for some congenial company
antonyms: disagreeable|incompatible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈdʒiːnɪəl
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒiːnɪəl
definition:
(of a person) pleasing or liked on account of having qualities or interests that are similar to one's own.

synonyms:
like-minded|compatible|kindred|well suited|easy to get along with|companionable|sociable|sympathetic|comradely|convivial|neighbourly|hospitable|genial|personable|agreeable|friendly|pleasant|likeable|kindly|pleasing|amiable|nice|good-natured|sympathique|simpatico


word: CONGENITAL
russian_word: врожденный
example: a congenital malformation of the heart
definition: (of a disease or physical abnormality) present from birth.
antonyms: acquired
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈdʒɛnɪt(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒɛnɪt(ə)l
synonyms:
inborn|inherited|hereditary|in the blood|in the family|innate|inbred|constitutional|built-in|inbuilt|ingrown|natural|native|original|inherent|unlearned|instinctual|deep-rooted|deep-seated|connate|connatural

origin:
late 18th century: from Latin congenitus, from con- ‘together’ + genitus (past participle of gignere ‘beget’) + -al.


word: CONGESTED
russian_word: переполненный
example: the congested streets of the West End|congested arteries
antonyms: clear
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈdʒɛstɪd
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒɛstɪd
definition:
(of a road or place) so crowded with traffic or people as to hinder or prevent freedom of movement.|(of a part of the body) abnormally full of blood.

synonyms:
crowded|overcrowded|full|overfull|overflowing|full to overflowing/bursting|crammed full|cram-full|thronged|packed|jammed|teeming|swarming|overloaded|obstructed|impeded|blocked (up)|clogged|choked|plugged|stopped up|snarled up|gridlocked|jam-packed|heaving|like Piccadilly Circus

origin:
late Middle English (as congest in the sense ‘heap up, accumulate’): from Latin congerere ‘heap up’, from con- ‘together’ + gerere ‘bring’.


word: CONGESTION
russian_word: скопление
example: the new bridge should ease congestion in the area
definition: the state of being congested.
antonyms: flow
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
crowding|overcrowding|obstruction|blockage|stoppage|blocking|clogging|choking|plugging|stuffing|traffic jam|bottleneck|gridlock|snarl-up

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin congestio(n- ), from congere ‘heap up’, from con- ‘together’ + gerere ‘bring’.


word: CONGLOMERATE
russian_word: конгломерат
part_of_speech: noun|adjective|verb
example:
the Earth is a specialized conglomerate of organisms|the sediments vary from coarse conglomerate to fine silt and clay

definition:
a thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together.|a coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments embedded in a matrix of cementing material such as silica.

synonyms:
mixture|mix|combination|mingling|commingling|amalgamation|amalgam|union|conjunction|marriage|merging|compound|alloy|fusion|meld|composite|concoction|synthesis|homogenization|miscellany|jumble|hotchpotch|mash-up

phonetic:
late Middle English (as an adjective describing something gathered up into a rounded mass): from Latin conglomeratus, past participle of conglomerare, from con- ‘together’ + glomus, glomer- ‘ball’. The geological sense dates from the early 19th century; the other noun senses are later.


word: CONGLOMERATION
russian_word: нагромождение
example: a loose conglomeration of pieces|the practice of media conglomeration
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəŋˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəŋˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
a number of different things, parts or items that are grouped together; collection.|the process of forming a conglomerate.

synonyms:
collection|cluster|assortment|mix|variety|medley|mixed bag|pot-pourri|miscellany|selection|combination|accumulation|mass|gathering|cumulation|package|aggregation|accretion|agglomerate|agglomeration|amassment


word: CONGRATULATE
russian_word: поздравлять
example: he had taken the chance to congratulate him on his marriage
definition: give (someone) one's good wishes when something special or pleasant has happened to them.
antonyms: curse
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈɡratjʊleɪt
phonetics_text: kənˈɡratjʊleɪt
synonyms:
give someone one's good wishes|wish someone good luck|wish someone joy|drink someone's health|toast|drink (a toast) to

origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin congratulat- ‘congratulated’, from the verb congratulari, from con- ‘with’ + gratulari ‘show joy’ (from gratus ‘pleasing’).


word: CONGREGATE
russian_word: собираться
example: some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point
definition: gather into a crowd or mass.
antonyms: disperse
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt
synonyms:
assemble|gather|collect|come together|flock together|get together|convene|rally|rendezvous|muster|meet|amass|crowd|cluster|throng|group|foregather

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin congregat- ‘collected (into a flock), united’, from the verb congregare, from con- ‘together’ + gregare (from grex, greg- ‘a flock’).


word: CONGREGATION
russian_word: собрание
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n
example:
the singing of psalms by the whole congregation|large congregations of birds may cause public harm|the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|the sisters of the Congregation of Our Lady|this is a shorebird beach, with a congregation of plovers inhabiting it

definition:
a group of people assembled for religious worship.|a gathering or collection of people, animals, or things.|(in the Roman Catholic Church) a permanent committee of the College of Cardinals.|a group of people obeying a common religious rule but under less solemn vows than members of the older religious orders.|a flock of plovers.

synonyms:
parishioners|parish|churchgoers|flock|fold|faithful|following|followers|adherents|believers|loyal members|fellowship|communicants|laity|brethren|brothers and sisters|souls

origin:
late Middle English (in congregation (sense 2, sense 3, sense 4)): from Latin congregatio(n- ), from congregare ‘collect (into a flock)’ (see congregate).


word: CONGREGATIONALISM
russian_word: индепендентство
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: kɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m
definition:
a system of organization among Christian churches whereby individual local churches are largely self-governing.


word: CONGRESS
russian_word: конгресс
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋɡrɛs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋɡrɛs
definition:
a formal meeting or series of meetings for discussion between delegates, especially those from a political party, trade union, or from within a particular sphere of activity.|a national legislative body, especially that of the US. The US Congress, which meets at the Capitol in Washington DC, was established by the Constitution of 1787 and is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.|(often in names) a political society or organization.|the action of coming together.

synonyms:
conference|convention|seminar|colloquium|symposium|consultation|forum|meeting|assembly|gathering|congregation|rally|convocation|summit|synod|council|conclave|conventicle

origin:
late Middle English (denoting an encounter during battle): from Latin congressus, from congredi ‘meet’, from con- ‘together’ + gradi ‘walk’.


word: CONGRUENCE
russian_word: конгруэнтность
example: the results show quite good congruence with recent studies
definition: agreement or harmony; compatibility.
antonyms: conflict
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋɡrʊəns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋɡrʊəns
synonyms:
compatibility|consistency|conformity|match|balance|consonance|rapport|parallelism|congruity|consilience|agreement|concord|accord|consensus|unanimity|harmony|unison|unity|concert


word: CONJECTURAL
russian_word: предположительный
example: the evidence was deemed too conjectural
definition: based on or involving conjecture.
antonyms: established
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈdʒɛktʃ(ə)r(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒɛktʃ(ə)r(ə)l
synonyms:
speculative|suppositional|theoretical|hypothetical|putative|academic|notional|abstract|postulated|based on guesswork|inferred|suspected|presumed|assumed|presupposed|tentative|unproven|untested|unfounded|groundless|unsubstantiated|ideational|suppositious|suppositive|postulational

origin:
mid 16th century: via French from Latin conjecturalis, from conjectura ‘inference’ (see conjecture).


word: CONJECTURE
russian_word: догадка
example: conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied
definition: an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information.
antonyms: fact
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kənˈdʒɛktʃə
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒɛktʃə
synonyms:
guess|speculation|surmise|fancy|notion|belief|suspicion|presumption|assumption|theory|hypothesis|postulation|supposition|inference|extrapolation|projection|approximation|estimate|rough calculation|rough idea|guesswork|guessing|surmising|imagining|theorizing|guesstimate|shot in the dark|ballpark figure

origin:
late Middle English (in the senses ‘to divine’ and ‘divination’): from Old French, or from Latin conjectura, from conicere ‘put together in thought’, from con- ‘together’ + jacere ‘throw’.


word: CONJUGAL
russian_word: супружеский
example: conjugal loyalty
definition: relating to marriage or the relationship between a married couple.
synonyms: marital|matrimonial|nuptial|marriage|married|wedded|connubial|bridal|spousal|hymeneal|epithalamic
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒndʒʊɡ(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɒndʒʊɡ(ə)l
origin:
early 16th century: from Latin conjugalis, from conjux, conjug- ‘spouse’, from con- ‘together’ + jugum ‘a yoke’.


word: CONJUGATED
russian_word: конъюгированные
example: conjugated bile salts
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒndʒʊɡeɪtɪd
phonetics_text: ˈkɒndʒʊɡeɪtɪd
definition:
relating to or denoting double or triple bonds in a molecule which are separated by a single bond, across which some sharing of electrons occurs.|(of a substance) reversibly combined with another.


word: CONJUNCTION
russian_word: соединение
example: a conjunction of favourable political and economic circumstances
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n
definition:
a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).|the action or an instance of two or more events or things occurring at the same point in time or space.

synonyms:
co-occurrence|concurrence|coincidence|coexistence|simultaneity|simultaneousness|contemporaneity|contemporaneousness|concomitance|synchronicity|synchrony|combination|juxtaposition

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin conjunctio(n- ), from the verb conjungere (see conjoin).


word: CONJUNCTIVA
russian_word: конъюнктива
definition: the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒndʒʌŋ(k)ˈtʌɪvə
phonetics_text: ˌkɒndʒʌŋ(k)ˈtʌɪvə|kənˈdʒʌŋ(k)tɪvə
origin:
late Middle English: from medieval Latin (membrana) conjunctiva ‘conjunctive (membrane)’, from late Latin conjunctivus, from conjungere ‘join together’ (see conjoin).


word: CONJURE
russian_word: колдовать
example: they hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead friend|she conjured him to return
definition: cause (a spirit or ghost) to appear by means of a magic ritual.|implore (someone) to do something.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkʌndʒə
phonetics_text: ˈkʌndʒə
origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘oblige by oath’): from Old French conjurer ‘to plot or exorcise’, from Latin conjurare ‘band together by an oath, conspire’ (in medieval Latin ‘invoke’), from con- ‘together’ + jurare ‘swear’.


word: CONJUROR
russian_word: фокусник
definition: a performer of conjuring tricks.
synonyms: magician|illusionist|member of the Magic Circle|prestidigitator
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkʌndʒərə
phonetics_text: ˈkʌndʒərə
origin:
Middle English: partly from conjure, partly from Old French conjureor, conjurere, from medieval Latin conjurator, from Latin conjurare ‘conspire’ (see conjure).


word: CONKER
russian_word: плод конского каштана
definition: the hard, shiny dark brown nut of a horse chestnut tree.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkə
origin:
mid 19th century (a dialect word denoting a snail shell, with which the game, or a form of it, was originally played): perhaps from conch, but associated with (and frequently spelled) conquer in the 19th and early 20th centuries: an alternative name was conquerors .


word: CONNECT
russian_word: подключать
antonyms: disconnect
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈnɛkt
phonetics_text: kəˈnɛkt
example:
the electrodes were connected to a recording device|employees are rewarded with bonuses connected to their firm's performance|the blow connected and he felt a burst of pain

definition:
bring together or into contact so that a real or notional link is established.|associate or relate (something) in some respect.|(of a blow) hit the intended target.

synonyms:
attach|join|fasten|fix|affix|couple|link|bridge|secure|make fast|tie|tie up|bind|fetter|strap|rope|tether|truss|lash|hitch|moor|anchor|yoke|chain|stick|tape|adhere|glue|bond|cement|fuse|weld|solder|pin|peg|screw|bolt|rivet|batten|pinion|clamp|clip|hook (up)|add|append|annex|subjoin|concatenate

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘be united physically’; rare before the 18th century): from Latin connectere, from con- ‘together’ + nectere ‘bind’.


word: CONNECTING ROD
russian_word: шатун
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
a rod connecting two moving parts in a mechanism, especially that between the piston and the crankpin (or equivalent parts) in an engine or pump.


word: CONNECTION
russian_word: подключение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)n
example:
the connections between social attitudes and productivity|the primitive Methodists broke with the Wesleyan connection in 1810

definition:
a relationship in which a person or thing is linked or associated with something else.|a supplier of narcotics.|an association of Methodist Churches.

synonyms:
link|relationship|relation|relatedness|interrelation|interrelatedness|interconnection|interdependence|association|attachment|bond|tie|tie-in|correspondence|parallel|analogy|bearing|relevance

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin connexio(n- ), from connectere (see connect). The spelling -ct (18th century) is from connect, on the pattern of pairs such as collect, collection .


word: CONNECTIONISM
russian_word: коннекционизма
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m
definition:
an artificial intelligence approach to cognition in which multiple connections between nodes (equivalent to brain cells) form a massive interactive network in which many processes take place simultaneously and certain processes, operating in parallel, are grouped together in hierarchies that bring about results such as thought or action.


word: CONNECTIVE TISSUE
russian_word: соединительная ткань
example: a thin sheet of connective tissue
part_of_speech: noun
definition:
tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibres, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues.


word: CONNIVANCE
russian_word: попустительство
example: this infringement of the law had taken place with the connivance of officials
definition: willingness to allow or be secretly involved in an immoral or illegal act.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kəˈnʌɪv(ə)ns
phonetics_text: kəˈnʌɪv(ə)ns
synonyms:
collusion|complicity|collaboration|involvement|assistance|abetting|tacit consent|conspiracy|plotting|scheming|intrigue|machination|secret understanding|abetment|condonation

origin:
late 16th century (also in the Latin sense ‘winking’): from French connivence or Latin conniventia, from connivere ‘shut the eyes (to)’ (see connive).


word: CONNIVE
russian_word: потворствовать
example: I did not connive in the production of these documents
definition: secretly allow (something immoral, illegal, or harmful) to occur.
antonyms: condemn|punish
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈnʌɪv
phonetics_text: kəˈnʌɪv
synonyms:
deliberately ignore|overlook|not take into consideration|disregard|pass over|gloss over|take no notice of|take no account of|make allowances for|turn a blind eye to|close/shut one's eyes to|wink at|blink at|excuse|pardon|forgive|condone|let someone off with|let go|let pass|look the other way|let something ride

origin:
early 17th century: from French conniver or Latin connivere ‘shut the eyes (to)’, from con- ‘together’ + an unrecorded word related to nictare ‘to wink’.


word: CONNOISSEUR
russian_word: знаток
example: a connoisseur of music
definition: an expert judge in matters of taste.
antonyms: ignoramus
origin: early 18th century: from obsolete French, from conoistre ‘know’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒnəˈsəː
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnəˈsəː
synonyms:
expert judge (of)|authority (on)|specialist (in)|arbiter of taste|pundit|savant|one of the cognoscenti|aesthete|gourmet|epicure|gastronome|buff|maven


word: CONNOTATION
russian_word: коннотация
example: the word ‘discipline’ has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression
definition: an idea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnəˈteɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒnəˈteɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
overtone|undertone|undercurrent|implication|hidden meaning|secondary meaning|nuance|flavour|feeling|aura|atmosphere|colouring|smack|hint|vein|echo|vibrations|association|intimation|suggestion|suspicion|insinuation|undermeaning|subcurrent

origin:
mid 16th century: from medieval Latin connotatio(n- ), from connotare ‘mark in addition’ (see connote).


word: CONNOTE
russian_word: означать
example: the term ‘modern science’ usually connotes a complete openness to empirical testing
definition: (of a word) imply or suggest (an idea or feeling) in addition to the literal or primary meaning.
antonyms: denote|mean
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kəˈnəʊt
phonetics_text: kəˈnəʊt
synonyms:
imply|suggest|indicate|signify|have overtones of|have undertones of|hint at|give a feeling of|have an aura of|have an atmosphere of|give the impression of|smack of|be associated with|allude to

origin:
mid 17th century: from medieval Latin connotare ‘mark in addition’, from con- ‘together with’ + notare ‘to note’ (from nota ‘a mark’).


word: CONODONT
russian_word: конодонтовой
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkəʊnədɒnt
phonetics_text: ˈkəʊnədɒnt
definition:
a fossil marine animal of the Cambrian to Triassic periods, having a long wormlike body, numerous small teeth, and a pair of eyes. It is now believed to be the earliest vertebrate.

origin:
mid 19th century: from modern Latin Conodonta (plural), from Greek kōnos ‘cone’ + odous, odont- ‘tooth’.


word: CONQUER
russian_word: покорять
example: he conquered Cyprus
definition: overcome and take control of (a place or people) by military force.
antonyms: lose to|liberate|lose
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkə
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkə
synonyms:
defeat|beat|vanquish|trounce|annihilate|triumph over|be victorious over|best|get the better of|worst|bring someone to their knees|overcome|overwhelm|overpower|overthrow|subdue|subjugate|put down|quell|quash|crush|repress|rout|lick|hammer|clobber|thrash|paste|pound|pulverize|demolish|destroy|drub|give someone a drubbing|cane|wipe the floor with|walk all over|give someone a hiding|take to the cleaners|blow someone out of the water|make mincemeat of|murder|massacre|slaughter|flatten|turn inside out|tank|stuff|blow out|cream|shellac|skunk|slam|own|seize|take possession of|take control of|take over|appropriate|capture|occupy|invade|annex|overrun|win

origin:
Middle English (also in the general sense ‘acquire, attain’): from Old French conquerre, based on Latin conquirere ‘gain, win’, from con- (expressing completion) + quaerere ‘seek’.


word: CONQUEST
russian_word: завоевание
example: the conquest of the Aztecs by the Spanish
definition: the subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by military force.
antonyms: victory|surrender
origin: Middle English: from Old French conquest(e ), based on Latin conquirere (see conquer).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒŋkwɛst
phonetics_text: ˈkɒŋkwɛst
synonyms:
defeat|beating|conquering|vanquishment|vanquishing|trouncing|annihilation|overpowering|overthrow|subduing|subjugation|rout|mastery|crushing|victory (over)|triumph (over)|hammering|clobbering|thrashing|drubbing|caning|murder|massacre|seizure|seizing|takeover|acquisition|gain|appropriation|subjection|capture|occupation|invasion|annexation|overrunning


word: CONSCIENCE
russian_word: совесть
example: he had a guilty conscience about his desires
definition: a person's moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one's behaviour.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnʃ(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnʃ(ə)ns
synonyms:
sense of right and wrong|sense of right|moral sense|still small voice|inner voice|voice within|morals|standards|values|principles|ethics|creed|beliefs|compunction|scruples|qualms

origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘inner thoughts or knowledge’): via Old French from Latin conscientia, from conscient- ‘being privy to’, from the verb conscire, from con- ‘with’ + scire ‘know’.


word: CONSCIENCE-STRICKEN
russian_word: испытывающий угрызения совести
example: she was still conscience-stricken over her outburst
definition: made uneasy by a guilty conscience.
antonyms: untroubled|unrepentant
part_of_speech: adjective
synonyms:
guilt-ridden|troubled|disturbed|remorseful|ashamed|shamefaced|apologetic|sorry|chastened|contrite|guilty|full of regret|regretful|rueful|repentant|penitent|self-reproachful|abashed|sheepish|compunctious


word: CONSCIENTIOUS
russian_word: добросовестный
definition: wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.|relating to a person's conscience.
antonyms: casual
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɒnʃɪˈɛnʃəs
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnʃɪˈɛnʃəs
example:
a conscientious man, he took his duties very seriously|the individual is denied even the opportunity to break the law on conscientious grounds

synonyms:
diligent|industrious|punctilious|painstaking|sedulous|assiduous|dedicated|careful|meticulous|thorough|attentive|laborious|hard-working|ultra-careful|persevering|unflagging|searching|close|minute|accurate|correct|studious|rigorous|particular|religious|strict

origin:
early 17th century: from French consciencieux, from medieval Latin conscientiosus, from Latin conscientia (see conscience).


word: CONSCIOUS
russian_word: сознательный
antonyms: unconscious|unaware
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˈkɒnʃəs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnʃəs
example:
although I was in pain, I was conscious|we are conscious of the extent of the problem|a conscious effort to walk properly

definition:
aware of and responding to one's surroundings.|having knowledge of something.|(of an action or feeling) deliberate and intentional.

synonyms:
aware|awake|wide awake|compos mentis|alert|responsive|reactive|feeling|sentient|aware of|alive to|awake to|alert to|sensitive to|cognizant of|mindful of|sensible of|wise to|in the know about|hip to|ware of|seized of|recognizant of|regardful of

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘being aware of wrongdoing’): from Latin conscius ‘knowing with others or in oneself’ (from conscire ‘be privy to’) + -ous.


word: CONSCIOUSNESS
russian_word: сознание
antonyms: unconsciousness
synonyms: awareness|wakefulness|alertness|responsiveness|sentience
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnʃəsnɪs
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnʃəsnɪs
example:
she failed to regain consciousness and died two days later|her acute consciousness of Luke's presence

definition:
the state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings.|a person's awareness or perception of something.


word: CONSCRIPT
russian_word: призывник
example: they were conscripted into the army
definition: enlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed services.
synonyms: call up|enlist|recruit|mobilize|raise|muster|draft|press|impress|levy
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic:
late 18th century (as a noun): from French conscrit, from Latin conscriptus, past participle of conscribere ‘enrol’. The verb is a back-formation from conscription.


word: CONSECRATE
russian_word: освящать
example: the present Holy Trinity church was consecrated in 1845
definition: make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious purpose.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt
origin:
late Middle English: from Latin consecrat- ‘dedicated, devoted as sacred’, from the verb consecrare, from con- (expressing intensive force) + sacrare ‘dedicate’, from sacer ‘sacred’.


word: CONSECUTIVE
russian_word: последовательный
example: five consecutive months of serious decline|a consecutive clause
antonyms: separate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv
definition:
following each other continuously.|expressing consequence or result.|denoting intervals of the same kind (especially fifths or octaves) occurring in succession between two parts or voices.

synonyms:
successive|succeeding|following|in succession|running|in a row|one after the other|back-to-back|continuous|solid|straight|uninterrupted|unbroken|on the trot

origin:
early 17th century: from French consécutif, -ive, from medieval Latin consecutivus, from Latin consecut- ‘followed closely’, from the verb consequi .


word: CONSENSUS
russian_word: консенсус
example: there is a growing consensus that the current regime has failed
definition: a general agreement.
antonyms: disagreement|minority view
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin, ‘agreement’, from consens- ‘agreed’, from the verb consentire .
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɛnsəs
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛnsəs
synonyms:
agreement|harmony|concord|like-mindedness|concurrence|consent|common consent|accord|unison|unity|unanimity|oneness|solidarity|concert|general opinion/view|majority opinion/view|common opinion/view


word: CONSENT
russian_word: согласие
example: no change may be made without the consent of all the partners
definition: permission for something to happen or agreement to do something.
antonyms: dissent
part_of_speech: noun|verb
phonetic: kənˈsɛnt
phonetics_text: kənˈsɛnt
synonyms:
agreement|assent|concurrence|accord|permission|authorization|sanction|leave|clearance|acquiescence|acceptance|approval|seal of approval|stamp of approval|imprimatur|backing|endorsement|confirmation|support|favour|good wishes|go-ahead|thumbs up|green light|OK|approbation

origin:
Middle English: from Old French consente (noun), consentir (verb), from Latin consentire, from con- ‘together’ + sentire ‘feel’.


word: CONSEQUENCE
russian_word: следствие
example: abrupt withdrawal of drug treatment can have serious consequences|the past is of no consequence
antonyms: cause
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns
definition:
a result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant.|importance or relevance.|a game in which a narrative is made up by the players in turn, each ignorant of what has already been contributed.

synonyms:
result|upshot|outcome|out-turn|sequel|effect|reaction|repercussion|reverberations|ramification|end|end result|conclusion|termination|culmination|denouement|corollary|concomitant|aftermath|fruit(s)|product|produce|by-product|sequelae|pay-off|issue|success

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin consequentia, from consequent- ‘following closely’, from the verb consequi .


word: CONSEQUENT
russian_word: следствие
example: the social problems of pupils and their consequent educational difficulties
antonyms: causal|unrelated
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)nt
definition:
following as a result or effect.|(of a stream or valley) having a direction or character determined by the original slope of the land before erosion.

synonyms:
resulting|resultant|ensuing|consequential|following|subsequent|successive|sequential|attendant|accompanying|concomitant|collateral|associated|related|connected|linked

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin consequent- ‘overtaking, following closely’, from the verb consequi .


word: CONSEQUENTIAL
russian_word: логически вытекающий
definition: following as a result or effect.|important; significant.
antonyms: causal|unrelated
origin: early 17th century: from Latin consequentia (see consequence) + -al.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃ(ə)l
phonetics_text: kɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃ(ə)l
example:
a loss of confidence and a consequential withdrawal of funds|the new congress lacked consequential leaders

synonyms:
resulting|resultant|ensuing|consequent|following|subsequent|successive|sequential|attendant|accompanying|concomitant|collateral|associated|related|connected|linked


word: CONSEQUENTLY
russian_word: следовательно
example: flexible workers find themselves in great demand, and consequently gain high salaries
definition: as a result.
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ntli
synonyms:
as a result|as a consequence|in consequence|so|that being so|thus|therefore|accordingly|hence|for this/that reason|because of this/that|on this/that account|inevitably|necessarily|ergo


word: CONSERVATION
russian_word: сохранение
origin: late Middle English: from Latin conservatio(n- ), from the verb conservare (see conserve).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n
definition:
prevention of wasteful use of a resource.|the principle by which the total value of a physical quantity or parameter (such as energy, mass, linear or angular momentum) remains constant in a system which is not subject to external influence.


word: CONSERVATIVE
russian_word: консервативный
example: police placed the value of the haul at a conservative £500,000
antonyms: radical
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kənˈsəːvətɪv
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːvətɪv
definition:
averse to change or innovation and holding traditional values.|(in a political context) favouring free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas.|(of an estimate) purposely low for the sake of caution.|(of surgery or medical treatment) intended to control rather than eliminate a condition, with existing tissue preserved as far as possible.

synonyms:
traditionalist|traditional|conventional|orthodox|stable|old-fashioned|dyed-in-the-wool|unchanging|hidebound|cautious|prudent|careful|safe|timid|unadventurous|unenterprising|set in one's ways|moderate|middle-of-the-road|temperate|stick in the mud

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘aiming to preserve’): from late Latin conservativus, from conservat- ‘conserved’, from the verb conservare (see conserve). Current senses date from the mid 19th century.


word: CONSERVATOIRE
russian_word: консерватория
example: she studies piano and violin at the Paris Conservatoire
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsəːvətwɑː
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːvətwɑː
definition:
a college for the study of classical music or other arts, typically in the continental European tradition.

origin:
late 18th century: French, from Italian conservatorio, from late Latin conservatorium, from conservare ‘to preserve’ (see conserve). Compare with conservatory.


word: CONSERVATORY
russian_word: консерватория
example: keep plant cuttings in a frost-free conservatory or greenhouse
synonyms: greenhouse|glasshouse|hothouse|summer house|gazebo|pavilion|belvedere
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsəːvət(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːvət(ə)ri
definition:
a room with a glass roof and walls, attached to a house at one side and used as a sun lounge or for growing delicate plants.|another term for conservatoire.

origin:
mid 16th century (denoting something that preserves): from late Latin conservatorium, from conservare ‘to preserve’ (see conserve).


word: CONSERVE
russian_word: сохранять
example: the funds raised will help conserve endangered meadowlands
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic: kənˈsəːv
phonetics_text: kənˈsəːv
definition:
protect (something, especially something of environmental or cultural importance) from harm or destruction.

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French conserver (verb), conserve (noun), from Latin conservare ‘to preserve’, from con- ‘together’ + servare ‘to keep’.


word: CONSIDER
russian_word: рассматривать
example: each application is considered on its merits|the old man considered his granddaughter thoughtfully
definition: think carefully about (something), typically before making a decision.|look attentively at.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsɪdə
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪdə
synonyms:
think about|contemplate|give thought to|reflect on|examine|appraise|review|study|mull over|ponder|deliberate over|cogitate about|chew over|meditate on/over|ruminate over|turn over in one's mind|assess|evaluate|compare|weigh up|judge|consider the pros and cons of|sum up|size up

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French considerer, from Latin considerare ‘examine’, perhaps based on sidus, sider- ‘star’.


word: CONSIDERABLE
russian_word: значительный
example: a position of considerable influence
definition: notably large in size, amount, or extent.
antonyms: paltry|minor
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɪd(ə)rəb(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪd(ə)rəb(ə)l
synonyms:
sizeable|substantial|appreciable|significant|goodly|tolerable|fair|reasonable|tidy|hefty|handsome|comfortable|decent|worthwhile|worth having|worth taking into account|ample|plentiful|abundant|superabundant|great|large|lavish|profuse|generous|marked|noticeable|not to be sneezed at|serious|OK|plenteous|much|a lot of|lots of|a great deal of|plenty of|a fair amount of

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘capable of being considered’): from medieval Latin considerabilis ‘worthy of consideration’, from Latin considerare (see consider).


word: CONSIDERABLY
russian_word: значительно
example: things have improved considerably over the last few years
definition: by a notably large amount or to a notably large extent; greatly.
antonyms: slightly
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: kənˈsɪd(ə)rəbli
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪd(ə)rəbli
synonyms:
greatly|much|very much|a great deal|a lot|lots|a fair amount|significantly|substantially|appreciably|markedly|noticeably|materially|signally|plenty|seriously


word: CONSIDERATE
russian_word: тактичный
example: she was unfailingly kind and considerate|be considerate over your handwriting
definition: careful not to inconvenience or harm others.|showing careful thought.
antonyms: inconsiderate
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɪd(ə)rət
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪd(ə)rət
synonyms:
attentive|thoughtful|concerned|solicitous|mindful|heedful|obliging|accommodating|helpful|cooperative|patient|kind|kindly|decent|unselfish|compassionate|sympathetic|caring|charitable|altruistic|generous|polite|sensitive|civil|tactful|diplomatic

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘showing careful thought’): from Latin consideratus, past participle of considerare ‘examine’ (see consider).


word: CONSIDERATION
russian_word: рассмотрение
definition: careful thought, typically over a period of time.|a payment or reward.|importance; esteem.
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin consideratio(n- ), from considerare ‘examine’.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
example:
your case needs very careful investigation and consideration|you can buy the books for a small consideration

synonyms:
thought|deliberation|reflection|contemplation|cogitation|rumination|pondering|meditation|musing|mulling|examination|inspection|scrutiny|analysis|review|discussion|attention|heed|notice|regard


word: CONSIDERING
russian_word: учитывая
example: considering the circumstances, Simon was remarkably cheerful
definition: taking (something) into consideration; in view of.
antonyms: apart from|ignoring
part_of_speech: preposition|conjunction|adverb
phonetic: kənˈsɪd(ə)rɪŋ
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪd(ə)rɪŋ
synonyms:
bearing in mind|taking into consideration|taking into account|making allowance(s) for|giving consideration to|keeping in mind|in view of|in the light of


word: CONSIGN
russian_word: отправлять
example: he consigned three paintings to Sotheby's
definition: deliver (something) to a person's keeping.
synonyms: assign|allocate|place|put|entrust|grant|remit|hand down|bequeath|commend
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsʌɪn
phonetics_text: kənˈsʌɪn
origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘mark with the sign of the cross’, especially at baptism or confirmation, as a sign of dedication to God): from French consigner or Latin consignare ‘mark with a seal’.


word: CONSIGNMENT
russian_word: партия
example: a consignment of drugs
definition: a batch of goods destined for or delivered to someone.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsʌɪnm(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈsʌɪnm(ə)nt
synonyms:
delivery|shipment|load|containerload|shipload|boatload|truckload|cargo|batch|lot|haul|goods|lorryload


word: CONSILIENCE
russian_word: совпадение
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɪlɪəns
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪlɪəns
definition:
agreement between the approaches to a topic of different academic subjects, especially science and the humanities.

origin:
mid 19th century: from con- + Latin -silient-, -siliens ‘jumping’ (as in resilient- resilient), after concurrent.


word: CONSIST
russian_word: состоять
example: the crew consists of five men|the information perfectly consists with our friend's account
definition: be composed or made up of.|be consistent with.
synonyms: be composed|be made up|be formed|comprise|contain|include|incorporate|embody|involve|embrace
part_of_speech: verb|noun
phonetic:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘be located or inherent in’): from Latin consistere ‘stand firm or still, exist’, from con- ‘together’ + sistere ‘stand (still)’.


word: CONSISTENCY
russian_word: консистенция
example: the consistency of measurement techniques|the sauce has the consistency of creamed butter
antonyms: inconsistency
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɪst(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪst(ə)nsi
definition:
consistent behaviour or treatment.|the way in which a substance holds together; thickness or viscosity.

synonyms:
evenness|steadiness|stability|constancy|regularity|uniformity|equilibrium|unity|orderliness|lack of change|lack of deviation|dependability|reliability

origin:
late 16th century (denoting permanence of form): from late Latin consistentia, from consistent- ‘standing firm’ (see consistent).


word: CONSISTENT
russian_word: последовательный
antonyms: inconsistent|incompatible
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈsɪst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪst(ə)nt
example:
the parents are being consistent and firm in their reactions|a consistent explanation|the injuries are consistent with falling from a great height

definition:
acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate.|(of an argument or set of ideas) not containing any logical contradictions.|compatible or in agreement with something.

synonyms:
compatible|congruous|agreeing|accordant|consonant|in harmony|harmonious|in tune|in line|reconcilable|of a piece|corresponding to|conforming to

origin:
late 16th century (in the sense ‘consisting or composed of’): from Latin consistent- ‘standing firm or still, existing’, from the verb consistere (see consist).


word: CONSISTORY
russian_word: консистория
definition: (in the Roman Catholic Church) the council of cardinals, with or without the Pope.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsɪst(ə)ri
phonetics_text: kənˈsɪst(ə)ri
origin:
Middle English (originally denoting a non-ecclesiastical council): from Anglo-Norman French consistorie, from late Latin consistorium, from consistere ‘stand firm’ (see consist).


word: CONSOCIATIONAL
russian_word: консоциального
example: consociational democracy
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: ˌkɒnsəʊʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)nl
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnsəʊʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)nl|ˌkɒnsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)nl
definition:
relating to or denoting a political system formed by the cooperation of different social groups on the basis of shared power.


word: CONSOLATION
russian_word: утешение
example: there was consolation in knowing that others were worse off
definition: the comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
comfort|solace|sympathy|compassion|pity|commiseration|fellow feeling|relief|help|aid|support|moral support|cheer|encouragement|reassurance|fortification|soothing|easement|succour|assuagement|alleviation

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin consolatio(n- ), from the verb consolari (see console1).


word: CONSOLE
russian_word: консоль
example: she tried to console him but he pushed her gently away
definition: comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment.
antonyms: distress|upset
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsəʊl
phonetics_text: kənˈsəʊl
synonyms:
comfort|solace|condole with|give condolences to|sympathize with|express sympathy to|show compassion to|pity|commiserate with|show fellow feeling to|help|aid|support|cheer (up)|gladden|hearten|encourage|reassure|fortify|soothe|ease|succour|assuage|alleviate

origin:
mid 17th century (replacing earlier consolate ): from French consoler, from Latin consolari, from con- ‘with’ + solari ‘soothe’.


word: CONSOLIDATE
russian_word: консолидировать
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt
phonetics_text: kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt
example:
the first phase of the project is to consolidate the outside walls|all manufacturing activities have been consolidated in new premises

definition:
make (something) physically stronger or more solid.|combine (a number of things) into a single more effective or coherent whole.

synonyms:
combine|unite|merge|integrate|amalgamate|fuse|blend|mingle|marry|synthesize|bring together|join|affiliate|federate|unify

origin:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘combine into a whole’): from Latin consolidare, from con- ‘together’ + solidare ‘make firm’ (from solidus ‘solid’).


word: CONSONANCE
russian_word: созвучие
example: consonance between conservation measures and existing agricultural practice
definition: agreement or compatibility between opinions or actions.
synonyms: agreement|concord|accord|accordance|harmony|unison|conformity|compatibility|congruity|congruence
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒns(ə)nəns
phonetics_text: ˈkɒns(ə)nəns
origin:
late Middle English: from Old French, or from Latin consonantia, from consonant- ‘sounding together’, from the verb consonare (see consonant).


word: CONSORT
russian_word: супруга
example: Queen Victoria and her consort, Prince Albert
synonyms: partner|companion|mate|helpmate|helpmeet|spouse|husband|wife
part_of_speech: noun|verb
definition:
a wife, husband, or companion, in particular the spouse of a reigning monarch.|a ship sailing in company with another.

phonetic:
late Middle English (denoting a companion or colleague): via French from Latin consors ‘sharing, partner’, from con- ‘together with’ + sors, sort- ‘lot, destiny’. The verb senses are probably influenced by similar senses (now obsolete) of the verb sort .


word: CONSPICUOUS
russian_word: заметный
example: he was very thin, with a conspicuous Adam's apple
definition: clearly visible.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈspɪkjʊəs
phonetics_text: kənˈspɪkjʊəs
origin:
mid 16th century: from Latin conspicuus (from conspicere ‘look at attentively’, from con- (expressing intensive force) + spicere ‘look at’) + -ous.


word: CONSPIRACY
russian_word: заговор
definition: a secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈspɪrəsi
phonetics_text: kənˈspɪrəsi
synonyms:
plot|scheme|stratagem|plan|machination|cabal|intrigue|palace intrigue|deception|ploy|trick|ruse|dodge|subterfuge|sharp practice|frame-up|fit-up|racket|put-up job|complot|covin

origin:
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French conspiracie, alteration of Old French conspiration, based on Latin conspirare ‘agree, plot’ (see conspire).


word: CONSPIRATOR
russian_word: заговорщик
example: conspirators had planned to seize the state
definition: a person who takes part in a conspiracy.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈspɪrətə
phonetics_text: kənˈspɪrətə
synonyms:
conspirer|plotter|schemer|intriguer|colluder|collaborator|conniver|machinator|confederate|cabalist|traitor

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French conspirateur, from Latin conspirator, from conspirat- ‘agreed, plotted’, from the verb conspirare (see conspire).


word: CONSPIRE
russian_word: сговариваться
example: they conspired against him
definition: make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or harmful act.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈspʌɪə
phonetics_text: kənˈspʌɪə
synonyms:
plot|hatch a plot|form a conspiracy|scheme|plan|lay plans|intrigue|collude|connive|collaborate|consort|machinate|manoeuvre|be/work hand in glove|abet|be an accessory|be in cahoots|cabal

origin:
late Middle English: from Old French conspirer, from Latin conspirare ‘agree, plot’, from con- ‘together with’ + spirare ‘breathe’.


word: CONSTANCY
russian_word: постоянство
example: she did not think much of married bliss, yet she approved of constancy
definition: the quality of being faithful and dependable.
antonyms: fickleness|indecision
origin: late 15th century: from Latin constantia, from constant- ‘standing firm’ (see constant).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnst(ə)nsi
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnst(ə)nsi
synonyms:
fidelity|faithfulness|loyalty|trueness|commitment|dedication|devotion|dependability|reliability|trustworthiness|steadfastness|resolution|resoluteness|resolve|firmness|fixedness|steadiness|determination|perseverance|tenacity|doggedness|staunchness|application|staying power|obstinacy


word: CONSTANT
russian_word: постоянная
example: the constant background noise of the city
definition: occurring continuously over a period of time.
antonyms: inconstant|fitful
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: ˈkɒnst(ə)nt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnst(ə)nt
synonyms:
continual|continuous|persistent|sustained|abiding|round-the-clock|ceaseless|unceasing|perpetual|incessant|never-ending|everlasting|eternal|endless|unending|unabating|non-stop|perennial|unbroken|uninterrupted|unrelieved|interminable|unremitting|relentless|unrelenting|without respite|sempiternal|steadfast|steady|resolute|determined|persevering|tenacious|dogged|unwavering|unflagging|unshaken

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘staying resolute or faithful’): from Old French, from Latin constant- ‘standing firm’, from the verb constare, from con- ‘with’ + stare ‘stand’. The noun senses date from the mid 19th century.


word: CONSTANTLY
russian_word: постоянно
example: the world is constantly changing
definition: continuously over a period of time; always.
antonyms: occasionally|sometimes
part_of_speech: adverb
phonetic: ˈkɒnst(ə)ntli
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnst(ə)ntli
synonyms:
always|all the time|the entire time|continually|continuously|persistently|repeatedly|regularly|round the clock|without a break|night and day|day and night|morning|noon|and night|endlessly|non-stop|incessantly|unceasingly|ceaselessly|perpetually|eternally|perennially|forever|interminably|unremittingly|relentlessly|unrelentingly|aye|24/7|sempiternally


word: CONSTELLATE
russian_word: образовывать созвездие
example: the towns and valleys where people constellate
definition: form or cause to form into a cluster or group; gather together.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒnstəleɪt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnstəleɪt
origin:
mid 17th century: from late Latin constellatus, from con- ‘together’ + stellatus ‘arranged like a star’.


word: CONSTERNATION
russian_word: ужас
example: to her consternation her car wouldn't start
definition: a feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected.
antonyms: satisfaction
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnstəˈneɪʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒnstəˈneɪʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
dismay|perturbation|anxiety|distress|disquiet|disquietude|discomposure|angst|trepidation|surprise|amazement|astonishment|stupefaction|alarm|panic|hysteria|fear|fearfulness|fright|shock

origin:
early 17th century: from Latin consternatio(n- ), from the verb consternare ‘lay prostrate, terrify’ (see consternate).


word: CONSTITUENT
russian_word: составной
example: the constituent minerals of the rock|the constituent body has a right of veto
synonyms: component|integral|elemental|basic|essential|inherent|integrant
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kənˈstɪtjʊənt
phonetics_text: kənˈstɪtjʊənt
definition:
being a part of a whole.|being a voting member of an organization and having the power to appoint or elect.

origin:
late 15th century (as a noun denoting a person who appoints another as agent): from Latin constituent- (partly via French constituant ) ‘establishing, appointing’, from the verb constituere (see constitute).


word: CONSTITUTE
russian_word: составлять
definition: be (a part) of a whole.|give legal or constitutional form to (an institution); establish by law.
synonyms: amount to|add up to|account for|form|make up|compose|comprise|represent
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt
phonetics_text: ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt
example:
lone parents constitute a great proportion of the poor|the superior courts were constituted by the Judicature Acts 1873–5

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin constitut- ‘established, appointed’, from the verb constituere, from con- ‘together’ + statuere ‘set up’.


word: CONSTITUTION
russian_word: конституция
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n
example:
Britain lacks a codified constitution|the genetic constitution of a species|pregnancy had weakened her constitution

definition:
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.|the composition of something.|a person's physical state as regards vitality, health, and strength.

synonyms:
charter|social code|canon|body of law|system of laws/rules|bill of rights|laws|rules|regulations|fundamental principles|regs

origin:
Middle English (denoting a law, or a body of laws or customs): from Latin constitutio(n- ), from constituere ‘establish, appoint’ (see constitute).


word: CONSTITUTIONAL
russian_word: конституционный
example: a constitutional amendment|a constitutional weakness
antonyms: cosmetic
part_of_speech: adjective|noun
phonetic: kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
relating to an established set of principles governing a state.|relating to someone's nature or physical condition.

synonyms:
inherent|inbred|intrinsic|innate|structural|fundamental|essential|congenital|organic|inborn|ingrained|deep-rooted|built-in


word: CONSTRAIN
russian_word: сдерживать
example: children are constrained to work in the way the book dictates
definition: compel or force (someone) to follow a particular course of action.
origin: Middle English: from Old French constraindre, from Latin constringere ‘bind tightly together’.
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈstreɪn
phonetics_text: kənˈstreɪn
synonyms:
compel|force|coerce|drive|impel|oblige|prevail on|require|press|push|pressure|pressurize|urge|bully|dragoon|browbeat|railroad|bulldoze|steamroller|hustle|twist someone's arm|strong-arm|lean on|put the screws on


word: CONSTRAINED
russian_word: сдерживается
example: he was acting in a constrained manner
definition: appearing forced or overly controlled.
antonyms: relaxed
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈstreɪnd
phonetics_text: kənˈstreɪnd
synonyms:
unnatural|awkward|self-conscious|mannered|artificial|wooden|stilted|strained|forced|contrived|laboured|inhibited|repressed|uneasy|embarrassed|tongue-tied|restrained|reserved|reticent|guarded|distant|aloof|cold|cool|stand-offish


word: CONSTRAINT
russian_word: ограничение
example: time constraints make it impossible to do everything
definition: a limitation or restriction.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈstreɪnt
phonetics_text: kənˈstreɪnt
synonyms:
restriction|limitation|curb|check|restraint|control|curtailment|damper|rein|hindrance|impediment|hampering|obstruction|handicap

origin:
late Middle English (in the sense ‘coercion’): from Old French constreinte, feminine past participle of constraindre (see constrain).


word: CONSTRICT
russian_word: сжимать
example: chemicals that constrict the blood vessels
definition: make narrower, especially by encircling pressure.
antonyms: expand|dilate
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈstrɪkt
phonetics_text: kənˈstrɪkt
synonyms:
narrow|make/become narrower|tighten|compress|contract|make/become smaller|shrink|draw in|squeeze|choke|strangle|strangulate|straiten

origin:
mid 18th century: from Latin constrict- ‘bound tightly together’, from the verb constringere (see constrain).


word: CONSTRICTION
russian_word: сужение
example: asthma is a constriction of the airways
definition: the action of making something narrower by pressure or of becoming narrower; tightening.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈstrɪkʃn
phonetics_text: kənˈstrɪkʃn
synonyms:
tightening|narrowing|shrinking|squeezing|tightness|pressure|compression|contraction|cramp|obstruction|blockage|impediment|congestion|choking|strangulation|stricture|stenosis|straitening


word: CONSTRICTOR
russian_word: констриктор
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈstrɪktə
phonetics_text: kənˈstrɪktə
definition:
a snake that kills by coiling round its prey and asphyxiating it.|a muscle whose contraction narrows a vessel or passage.

origin:
early 18th century: modern Latin, from constrict- ‘bound tightly together’, from the verb constringere (see constrain).


word: CONSTRINGENT
russian_word: стягивающий
definition: causing constriction.
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈstrɪndʒ(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈstrɪndʒ(ə)nt
origin:
early 16th century: from Latin constringent- ‘binding together’, from the verb constringere (see constrain).


word: CONSTRUCT
russian_word: строить
example: a company that constructs oil rigs
definition: build or make (something, typically a building, road, or machine).
antonyms: demolish
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
build|erect|put up|set up|raise|establish|assemble|manufacture|fabricate|form|fashion|contrive|create|make

phonetic:
late Middle English: from Latin construct- ‘heaped together, built’, from the verb construere, from con- ‘together’ + struere ‘pile, build’.


word: CONSTRUCTION
russian_word: строительство
definition: the action of building something, typically a large structure.|the creation of an abstract entity.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n
example:
there was a skyscraper under construction|language plays a large part in our construction of reality

synonyms:
building|erection|putting up|setting up|raising|establishment|assembly|manufacture|fabrication|forming|fashioning|contriving|creation|making

origin:
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin constructio(n- ), from construere ‘heap together’ (see construct).


word: CONSTRUCTIONAL
russian_word: строительный
example: buildings of particular architectural or constructional interest|constructional processes in music
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n(ə)l
phonetics_text: kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n(ə)l
definition:
relating to the construction of buildings, roads, etc.|relating to the creation or arrangement of something abstract.


word: CONSTRUCTIONIST
russian_word: истолкователь
example: he is campaigning to get strict constructionists appointed to the Supreme Court
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)nɪst
phonetics_text: kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)nɪst
definition:
another term for constructivist (noun).|a person who puts a particular interpretation upon a legal document, especially the US Constitution.


word: CONSTRUCTIVE
russian_word: конструктивный
example: constructive advice|constructive liability
antonyms: destructive|negative
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈstrʌktɪv
phonetics_text: kənˈstrʌktɪv
definition:
having or intended to have a useful or beneficial purpose.|not obvious or stated explicitly; derived by inference.|relating to, based on, or denoting mathematical proofs which show how an entity may in principle be constructed or arrived at in a finite number of steps.

synonyms:
positive|useful|of use|helpful|encouraging|productive|practical|valuable|profitable|worthwhile|effective|beneficial|advantageous

origin:
mid 17th century (in constructive (sense 2)): from late Latin constructivus, from Latin construct- ‘heap together’, from the verb construere (see construct).


word: CONSTRUCTIVISM
russian_word: конструктивизм
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈstrʌktɪvɪz(ə)m
phonetics_text: kənˈstrʌktɪvɪz(ə)m
definition:
a style or movement in which assorted mechanical objects are combined into abstract mobile structural forms. The movement originated in Russia in the 1920s and has influenced many aspects of modern architecture and design.|a view which admits as valid only constructive proofs and entities demonstrable by them, implying that the latter have no independent existence.


word: CONSTRUCTIVIST
russian_word: конструктивистский
example: the Russian constructivists adopted these techniques for their large constructions
part_of_speech: noun|adjective
phonetic: kənˈstrʌktɪvɪst
phonetics_text: kənˈstrʌktɪvɪst
definition:
a practitioner of a style in which mechanical objects are combined into abstract mobile forms.|an adherent of a view that admits as valid only constructive proofs and entities demonstrable by them.


word: CONSTRUE
russian_word: толковать
synonyms: interpret|understand|read|see|take|take to mean|parse|render|analyse|explain|elucidate|gloss|decode
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈstruː
phonetics_text: kənˈstruː
example:
his words could hardly be construed as an apology|both verbs can be construed with either infinitive

definition:
interpret (a word or action) in a particular way.|analyse the syntax of (a text, sentence, or word).

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin construere (see construct), in late Latin ‘analyse the construction of a sentence’.


word: CONSUL
russian_word: консул
example: the British consul in Israel
synonyms: ambassador|diplomat|chargé d'affaires|attaché|envoy|emissary|plenipotentiary|consul general|legate
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: ˈkɒns(ə)l
phonetics_text: ˈkɒns(ə)l
definition:
an official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city and protect the state's citizens and interests there.|(in ancient Rome) each of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the republic.

origin:
late Middle English (denoting an ancient Roman magistrate): from Latin, related to consulere ‘take counsel’.


word: CONSULT
russian_word: консультироваться
example: if you consult a solicitor, making a will is a simple procedure
definition: seek information or advice from (someone, especially an expert or professional).
part_of_speech: verb|noun
synonyms:
ask|seek advice/information from|take counsel from|call on/upon/in|turn to|have recourse to|pick someone's brains

phonetic:
early 16th century (in the sense ‘confer’): from French consulter, from Latin consultare, frequentative of consulere ‘take counsel’.


word: CONSULTANT
russian_word: консультант
example: a consultant paediatrician
synonyms: adviser|guide|counsellor|expert|specialist|authority|pundit|ace|whizz|wizard|hotshot|maven
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsʌlt(ə)nt
phonetics_text: kənˈsʌlt(ə)nt
definition:
a person who provides expert advice professionally.|a hospital doctor of senior rank within a specific field.

origin:
late 17th century (in the sense ‘a person who consults’): probably from French, from Latin consultare (see consult).


word: CONSUME
russian_word: потреблять
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈsjuːm
phonetics_text: kənˈsjuːm
example:
people consume a good deal of sugar in drinks|accounting provides measures of the economic goods and services consumed|Carolyn was consumed with guilt

definition:
eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink).|buy (goods or services).|(of a feeling) completely fill the mind of (someone).

synonyms:
eat|eat up|devour|ingest|swallow|gobble|gobble up|wolf down|gorge oneself on|feast on|munch|snack on|drink|drink up|guzzle|gulp (down)|swill|imbibe|take|sup|sip|lap|tuck into|scoff (down)|put away|stuff down|polish off|dispose of|cram in|stuff one's face with|pig oneself on|graze on|down|neck|sink|kill|gollop|shift|get one's laughing gear round|gorb|scarf (down/up)|snarf (down/up)|manducate|ingurgitate

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin consumere, from con- ‘altogether’ + sumere ‘take up’; reinforced by French consumer .


word: CONSUMER
russian_word: потребитель
synonyms: purchaser|buyer|customer|shopper|user|end user|client|patron|the public|the market|the clientele
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsjuːmə
phonetics_text: kənˈsjuːmə
example:
understanding what motivates consumers is more crucial than ever|Scandinavians are the largest consumers of rye|consumers can't make their own food, so they have to consume other organisms for energy

definition:
a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.|a person or thing that eats or uses something.|an organism that derives the organic compounds and energy it needs from the consumption of other organisms; a heterotroph.


word: CONSUMMATE
russian_word: непревзойденным
example: they did not consummate their marriage until months after it took place
definition: make (a marriage or relationship) complete by having sexual intercourse.
part_of_speech: verb|adjective
phonetic:
late Middle English (as an adjective in the sense ‘completed, accomplished’): from Latin consummat- ‘brought to completion’, from the verb consummare, from con- ‘altogether’ + summa ‘sum total’, feminine of summus ‘highest, supreme’.


word: CONSUMPTION
russian_word: потребление
example: industrialized countries should reduce their energy consumption|his mother had died of consumption
definition: the action of using up a resource.|a wasting disease, especially pulmonary tuberculosis.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin consumptio(n- ), from the verb consumere (see consume).
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n
synonyms:
using up|use|utilization|expending|expenditure|depletion|exhaustion|waste|wasting|squander|squandering|draining|dissipation|dissipating


word: CONTACT
russian_word: контакт
definition: the state of physical touching.|the action of communicating or meeting.
part_of_speech: noun|verb
example:
equipment in contact with water can benefit from rubber lining|she had little contact with family members

synonyms:
touch|touching|proximity|exposure|contiguity|junction|union|tangency|association|connection|communication|intercourse|relations|dealings|traffic

phonetic:
early 17th century: from Latin contactus, from contact- ‘touched, grasped, bordered on’, from the verb contingere, from con- ‘together with’ + tangere ‘to touch’.


word: CONTAGION
russian_word: зараза
example: the rooms held no risk of contagion
definition: the communication of disease from one person or organism to another by close contact.
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈteɪdʒ(ə)n
phonetics_text: kənˈteɪdʒ(ə)n
origin:
late Middle English (denoting a contagious disease): from Latin contagio(n- ), from con- ‘together with’ + the base of tangere ‘to touch’.


word: CONTAGIOUS
russian_word: контагиозный
example: a contagious disease|her enthusiasm is contagious
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin contagiosus, from contagio (see contagion).
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈteɪdʒəs
phonetics_text: kənˈteɪdʒəs
definition:
(of a disease) spread from one person or organism to another, typically by direct contact.|(of an emotion, feeling, or attitude) likely to spread to and affect others.

synonyms:
infectious|communicable|transmittable|transmissible|transferable|spreadable|catching|epidemic|pandemic|epizootic|infective


word: CONTAIN
russian_word: содержать
example: the cigarettes were thought to contain cannabis|he must contain his hatred
definition: have or hold (someone or something) within.|control or restrain (oneself or a feeling).
synonyms: hold|carry|accommodate|seat
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈteɪn
phonetics_text: kənˈteɪn
origin:
Middle English: from Old French contenir, from Latin continere, from con- ‘altogether’ + tenere ‘to hold’.


word: CONTAINER
russian_word: контейнер
synonyms: receptacle|vessel|holder|repository|canister|drum|box|case
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈteɪnə
phonetics_text: kənˈteɪnə
example:
the cakes will keep for up to two weeks if kept in an airtight container|more containers can run on a server than traditional virtual machines

definition:
an object for holding or transporting something.|a discrete environment set up within an operating system in which one or more applications may be run, typically assigned only those resources necessary for the application to function correctly.


word: CONTAINERIZED
russian_word: в контейнерах
part_of_speech: adjective
phonetic: kənˈteɪnərʌɪzd
phonetics_text: kənˈteɪnərʌɪzd
example:
containerized cargo|containerized applications have smaller footprints because they only include the elements of the operating system they need

definition:
packed into or transported by container.|(of a program or application) run in a discrete environment set up within an operating system specifically for that purpose and allocated only essential resources.


word: CONTAMINATE
russian_word: загрязнять
example: the site was found to be contaminated by radioactivity
definition: make (something) impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
antonyms: purify
part_of_speech: verb
phonetic: kənˈtamɪneɪt
phonetics_text: kənˈtamɪneɪt
synonyms:
pollute|adulterate|make impure|defile|debase|corrupt|taint|infect|blight|foul|spoil|soil|mar|impair|stain|befoul|sully|tarnish|poison|radioactivate|vitiate

origin:
late Middle English: from Latin contaminat- ‘made impure’, from the verb contaminare, from contamen ‘contact, pollution’, from con- ‘together with’ + the base of tangere ‘to touch’.


word: CONTANGO
russian_word: контанго
part_of_speech: noun
phonetic: kənˈtaŋɡəʊ
phonetics_text: kənˈtaŋɡəʊ
definition:
the normal situation in which the spot or cash price of a commodity is lower than the forward price.

origin:
mid 19th century: probably an arbitrary formation on the pattern of Latin verb forms ending in -o in the first person singular, perhaps with the idea ‘I make contingent’ (see contingent).


